Accounting Policies of ACC Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2023

CORPORATE INFORMATION

ACC Limited (''the Company'') is a public limited company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Its shares are listed on National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in India. The registered office of the Company is located at Cement House, 121, Maharshi Karve Road, Mumbai - 400 020, India. The Company''s principal activity is to manufacture and market cement and cement related products.

STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE AND BASIS OF PREPARATION

A. Statement of compliance

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as the ''Ind AS'') as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (''the Act'') read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended from time to time and other relevant provisions of the Act.

B. Basis of preparation

The financial statements have been prepared on going concern basis using historical cost, except for certain items for which accounting policies has been mentioned in Note 3 below.

Historical cost is the amount of cash or cash equivalents paid or the fair value of the consideration given to acquire assets at the time of their acquisition, or the amount of proceeds received in exchange for the obligation, or at the amount of cash or cash equivalents expected to be paid to satisfy the liability in the normal course of business.

The accounting policies are applied consistently to all the periods presented in the financial statements.

Financial statements are presented in Rs. which is the functional currency, and all values are rounded to the nearest Crore as per the requirement of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, except where otherwise indicated.

These financial statements were approved for issue in accordance with the resolution of the Board of Directors on April 27, 2023.

1. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

A. Property, plant and equipments

I. Measurement and Recognition

a. Property, plant and equipments are stated at their cost of acquisition / installation / construction net of accumulated depreciation, and impairment losses, if any, except freehold non-mining land which is carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

Subsequent expenditures are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. When significant parts of plant and equipments are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the property, plant and equipments as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the statement of profit and loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for provisions are met.

b. Spares which meet the definition of property, plant and equipments are capitalised as on the date of acquisition. The corresponding old spares are derecognised on such date with consequent impact in the statement of profit and loss.

c. Property, plant and equipments not ready for their intended use as on the balance sheet date are disclosed as "Capital work-in-progress”. Such items are classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipments when completed and ready for their intended use. Advances given towards acquisition / construction of property, plant and equipments outstanding at each balance sheet date are disclosed as Capital Advances under "Other non-current assets”.

II. Depreciation on property, plant, and equipments

a. Depreciation is provided as per the useful life of assets which are determined based on technical parameters / assessment. Depreciation is calculated using "Written down value method” for assets related to Captive Power Plant and using "Straight line method” for other assets.

b. The Company identifies and depreciates cost of each component / part of the asset separately, if the component / part have a cost, which is significant to the total cost of the asset and has a useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining asset.

c. Depreciation on additions to property, plant and equipments is provided on a pro-rata basis from the date of acquisition, or installation, or construction, when the asset is ready for intended use.

d. Depreciation on an item of property, plant and equipments sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped,

is provided upto the date on which the said asset is sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped,

e. Capitalised spares are depreciated over their own estimated useful life or the estimated useful life of the parent asset whichever is lower.

f. The Company reviews the residual value, useful lives and depreciation method on each reporting date and, if expectations differ from previous estimates, the change is accounted for as a change in accounting estimate on a prospective basis.

g. I n respect of an asset for which impairment loss, if any, is recognised, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

h. Property, plant, and equipments, constructed by the Company, but ownership of which vests with the Government / Local authorities:

i. Expenditure on Power lines is depreciated over the period as permitted in the Electricity Supply Act, 1948 / 2003 as applicable.

ii. Expenditure on Marine structures is depreciated over the period of the agreement.

j. Estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:

Assets	Useful lives
Land (freehold)	No depreciation except on land with mineral reserves.
	Cost of mineral reserves embedded in the cost of freehold mining land is depreciated in proportion of actual quantity of minerals extracted to the estimated quantity of extractable mineral reserves
Leasehold mining	Amortised over the period of lease
land	on a straight line basis
Buildings, roads and water works	3 - 60 years
Plant and equipments 8 - 30 years
Railway sidings and locomotives	8 - 15 years
Furniture, office	3 - 10 years
equipments and tools
Vehicles	6 - 8 years
a. The useful life as	estimated above is as per the
prescribed useful	life specified under Schedule
II to the Companies Act, 2013 except for the
following case:
	Useful Life
	estimated by the Useful Life as per
Particulars	management Schedule II
Plant and Equipments related to Captive Power Plant	20 years 40 years

The Management believes that the useful lives as given above reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

IIIl. Derecognition of property plant and equipments

An item of Property, Plant and Equipments and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

B. Intangible assets

I. Recognition and Measurement

a. Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Cost comprises the purchase price (net of tax / duty credits availed wherever applicable) and any directly attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

b. The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.

c. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed during each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.

d. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and Goodwill are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

e. Stripping Cost - Stripping costs are allocated and included as a component of the mine asset when they represent significantly improved access to limestone, provided all the following conditions are met:

a. it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with the stripping activity will be realised.

b. the component of the limestone body for which access has been improved can be identified; and

c. the costs relating to the stripping activity associated with the improved access can be reliably measured.

II. Derecognition of intangible assets

An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, if any, are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

III. Contract based Intangibles

The Company recognises contract-based intangible asset when the economic benefit under the contract starts flowing to the entity and control over the intangible asset is established. Till the time such economic benefits start flowing to entity, it is disclosed under Other Non-current assets as "Payment under Long term supply arrangement”. The Company reclassifies such balance to intangible assets once the economic benefit start accruing to the Company.

Contract based intangibles are initially recognised initially at cost. Subsequent to initial recognition, contract-based intangibles are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

The useful life of the contract-based intangibles for purpose of its amortisation is considered to be shorter of the period of contractual rights or period over which entity expects to obtain economic benefits from the asset. Further, at every reporting date, the contract-based intangibles are also tested for impairment in case of an indication that the contract-based intangibles might be impaired.

IV. Amortisation of intangible assets

A summary of the policies applied to the Company''s intangible assets are, as follows:

Intangible assets	Useful life	Amortisation method used
Water drawing rights	Finite (10-30 years)	Amortised on a straight-line basis over the useful life
Computer software	Finite (upto 5 years)	Amortised on a straight-line basis over the useful life
Mining rights Finite Over the period of (upto 90 years) the respective mining agreement
Sponsorship Rights	Finite (upto 5 years)	Amortised based on occurrence of event

c) Impairment of non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of other non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal / external factors. An impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the asset''s fair value less cost of disposal and value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets of or Group of assets. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the assets. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. A previously recognised impairment loss, if any, is reversed when there is an indication of reversal, however, the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation / amortisation if there was no impairment.

D. Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value, as follows:

I. Raw materials, stores and spare parts, fuel and packing material:

Cost includes purchase price, other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition, and includes non-refundable taxes. Materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

II. Work-in-progress, finished goods and stock in trade:

Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity but excluding borrowing costs. Cost of Stock-in-trade includes cost of purchase and other cost incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

E. Business combination

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred in a business combination is measured at fair value, which is calculated as the sum of acquisition date fair values of the assets transferred, liabilities incurred to the former owner of the acquiree and the equity interests issued in exchange of control of the acquiree.

At the acquisition date, the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed are recognised at their acquisition date fair values. For this purpose, the liabilities assumed include contingent liabilities representing present obligation and they are measured at their acquisition fair values irrespective of the fact that outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is not probable. However, the following assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination are measured on the basis indicated below:

I. Deferred tax assets or liabilities, and the assets or liabilities related to employee benefit arrangements are recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 12 "Income Tax” and Ind AS 19 "Employee

Benefits” respectively.

II. Liabilities or equity instruments related to share-based payment arrangements of the acquiree or share - based payments arrangements of the Company entered into to replace share-based payment arrangements of the acquiree are measured in accordance with Ind AS 102 "Share-based Payments” at the acquisition date.

III. Assets (or disposal Groups) that are classified as held for sale in accordance with Ind AS 105 "Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations” are measured in accordance with that standard.

When the Company acquires a business, it assesses the

financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate

classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as at the acquisition date. This includes the separation of embedded derivatives in host contracts by the acquiree.

Goodwill is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and fair value of any previously held interest in acquiree, over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If the fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the aggregate consideration transferred (bargain purchase), the Company re-assesses whether it has correctly identified all of the assets acquired and all of the liabilities assumed and reviews the procedures used to measure the amounts to be recognised at the acquisition date. If the reassessment still results in an excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over the aggregate consideration transferred, then the gain is recognised in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) and accumulated in equity as capital reserve. However, if there is no clear evidence of bargain purchase, the entity recognises the gain directly in equity as capital reserve, without routing the same through OCI.

When a business combination is achieved in stages, the Company''s previously held equity interest in the acquiree is re-measured to its acquisition-date fair value and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Amounts arising from interests in the acquiree prior to the acquisition date that have previously been recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to the statement of profit and loss where such treatment would be appropriate if that interest were disposed of.

If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, the Company reports provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. Those provisional amounts are adjusted through goodwill during the measurement period, or additional assets or liabilities are recognised, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognised at that date. These adjustments are called as measurement period adjustments. The measurement period does not exceed one year from the acquisition date.

Business combination of entities under common control

Business combinations involving entities that are controlled by the company or ultimately controlled by the same party or parties both before and after the business combination, and that control is not transitory, are accounted for using the pooling of interest''s method as follows:

I. The assets and liabilities of the combining entities are reflected at their carrying amounts.

II. No adjustments are made to reflect fair values, or recognise any new assets or liabilities. Adjustments are only made to harmonise accounting policies.

III. The financial information in the financial statements in respect of prior periods is restated as if the business combination had occurred from the beginning of the preceding period in the financial statements, irrespective of the actual date of the combination, however, where the business combination had occurred after that date, the prior period information is restated only from that date.

IV. The balance of the retained earnings appearing in the financial statements of the transferor is aggregated with the corresponding balance appearing in the financial statements of the transferee.

V. The identity of the reserves are preserved and the reserves of the transferor become the reserves of the transferee.

The difference, if any, between the amounts recorded as share capital issued plus any additional consideration in the form of cash or other assets and the amount of share capital of the transferor is transferred to capital reserve and is presented separately from other capital reserves.

F. Goodwill

Goodwill arising on an acquisition of a business is carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if any.

For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Company''s cash generating units that are expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units.

Cash generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro rata based on the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. The recoverable amount is the higher of the assets fair value less cost of disposal and value in use. Any impairment loss for goodwill is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in subsequent periods.

G. Investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

Investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are measured at cost less impairment as per Ind AS 27 - ''Separate Financial Statements''.

H. Fair value measurement

The Company measures some of its financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured as disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy described in Note 49.E. Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through the statement of profit and loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through the statement of profit and loss are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

I. Financial assets

a. Initial recognition and measurement of financial assets

The Company recognises a financial asset in its balance sheet when it becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value, plus in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognised and derecognised on a trade date basis, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace.

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in the following categories:

i. Financial assets at amortised cost

A financial asset is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

• The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

• Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. The EIR

amortisation is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment if any are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

ii. Debt instrument at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

A debt instrument is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:

• The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

• The asset''s contractual cash flows represent SPPI.

Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognised in the other comprehensive income (OCl), However, the Company recognises interest income, impairment losses and reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the statement of profit and loss, On de-recognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to the statement of profit and loss, Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method,

iii. Debt instruments at fair value through the statement of profit and loss (FVTPL)

Debt instrument at FVTPL

FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments, Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for classification as at amortised cost or as fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI), is classified as FVTPL,

Debt instruments that meet the amortised cost criteria or debt instruments that meet the FVTOCI criteria, may be designated as at FVTPL as at initial recognition if such designation reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ''accounting mismatch''), The Company has not designated any debt instrument at FVTPL,

Debt instruments at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any gains and losses arising on re-measurement are recognised in the statement of profit and loss,

Equity instruments

All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109

"Financial Instruments” are measured at FVTPL with all changes in fair value recognised in the statement of profit and loss,

iv. Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

For all investments in equity instruments other than held for trading, at initial recognition, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value, The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis,

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in the OCI, There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to statement of profit and loss, even on sale of investment, However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity,

The Company has not designated investments in any equity instruments as FVTOCI,

c. Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risk, Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, Any changes therein are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless the derivative is designated and effective as a hedging instrument, in which event the timing of the recognition in the Statement of Profit and Loss depends on the nature of the hedging relationship and the nature of the hedged item, Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative,

The Company does not hold derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

d. Derecognition of financial assets

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised when:

i. The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

ii. The Company has transferred its contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ''pass-through'' arrangement and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the asset''s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity is recognised in the statement of profit and loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognised in the statement of profit and loss on disposal of that financial asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company''s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

On derecognition of a financial asset other than in its entirety (e.g., when the Company retains an option to repurchase part of a transferred asset), the Company allocates the previous carrying amount of the financial asset between the part it continues to recognise under continuing involvement, and the part it no longer recognises on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts on the date of the transfer. The difference between the carrying amount allocated to the part that is no longer recognised and the sum of the consideration received for the part no longer recognised and

any cumulative gain or loss allocated to it that had been recognised in other comprehensive income is recognised in the statement of profit and loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognised in the statement of profit and loss on disposal of that financial asset.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a

guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

e. Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial assets which are measured at amortised cost.

The Company follows ''simplified approach'' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables resulting from transactions within the scope of Ind-AS 115 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, if they do not contain a significant financing component.

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from initial recognition.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls) discounted at the original EIR. ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognised during the period is recognised as income / expense in the statement of profit and loss.

For financial assets measured as at amortised cost, ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e., as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.

II. Financial liabilities and equity instruments Classification as debt or equity

Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

a. Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Repurchase of the Company''s own equity instruments is recognised and deducted directly in equity. No gain or loss is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company''s own equity instruments.

b. Financial liabilities

i. Initial recognition and measurement

The Company recognises a financial liability in its balance sheet when it becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss or at amortised cost as appropriate.

ii. Subsequent measurement of financial liabilities at amortised cost

Financial liabilities that are not held-for-trading and are not designated as at FVTPL are measured at amortised cost at the end of subsequent reporting periods. The carrying amounts of financial liabilities that are subsequently measured at amortised cost are determined based on the effective interest rate method.

iii. Subsequent measurement of financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the profit or loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit or loss.

iv. Derecognition of financial liabilities

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expired. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

vi. Embedded derivatives

If the hybrid contract contains a host that is a financial asset within the scope of Ind AS 109, the Company does not separate embedded derivatives. Rather, it applies the classification requirements contained in Ind AS 109 "Financial Instruments” to the entire hybrid contract. Derivatives embedded in all other host contracts are accounted for as separate derivatives and recorded at fair value if their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the host contracts are not held for trading or designated at fair value through profit or loss. These embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cash flows.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset, and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

J. Effective interest method

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset or financial liability and of allocating interest income/ interest expenses over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts/ payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

K. Provisions and contingencies

I. Provisions

A provision is recognised for a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of past events if it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. The amounts recognised as provisions are determined based on best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These estimates are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

If the effect of the time value of money is material,

provisions are discounted using a current pretax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

Restructuring provisions are recognised only when the Company has a constructive obligation, which is when: (i) a detailed formal plan identifies the business or part of the business concerned, the location and number of employees affected, a detailed estimate of the associated costs, and the timeline; and (ii) the employees affected have been notified of the plan''s main features.

Mines reclamation

The Company provides for the costs of restoring a mine where a legal or constructive obligation exists. The estimated future costs for known restoration requirements are determined on a mine-by-mine

basis and are calculated based on the present value of estimated future cash out flows.

The restoration provision before exploitation of the raw materials has commenced is included in Property, Plant and Equipments and depreciated over the life of the related asset.

The effect of any adjustments to the provision due to further environmental damage as a result of exploitation activities is recorded through the Statement of Profit and Loss over the life of the related asset, in order to reflect the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation at the end of the reporting period.

Changes in the measurement of a provision that result from changes in the estimated timing or amount of cash outflows, or a change in the discount rate, are added to or deducted from the cost of the related asset to the extent that they relate to the asset''s installation, construction or acquisition.

Provisions are discounted to their present value. The unwinding of the discount is recognised as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

II. Contingent liability

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from the past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

L. Foreign exchange gains and losses

Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transaction. Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate and the exchange difference are recognised in the profit and loss. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or expense in the year in which they arise.

M. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised on the basis of approved contracts regarding the transfer of goods or services to a customer for an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange of those goods or services.

I. Sale of goods

Revenue from the sale of the goods is recognised when delivery has taken place and control of the goods has been transferred to the customer according to the specific delivery term that have been agreed with the customer and when there are no longer any unfulfilled obligations. Revenue is measured after deduction of any discounts, price concessions, volume rebates and any taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government such as goods and services tax, etc. Accumulated experience is used to estimate the provision for such discounts, price concessions and rebates. No element of financing is deemed present as the sales are made with credit terms largely ranging between 30 days and 60 days depending on the specific terms agreed with customers.

Contract balances

Trade Receivables and Contract Assets

A trade receivable is recognised when the products are delivered to a customer and consideration becomes unconditional.

Contract assets are recognised when the company has a right to receive consideration that is conditional other than the passage of time.

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities is a Company''s obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer which the entity has already received consideration. Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the company performs under the contract.

II. Rendering of services

Income from services rendered is recognised based on agreements/arrangements with the customers as the services is performed and there are no unfulfilled obligations.

III. Interest income

Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future

cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset''s net carrying amount on initial recognition.

IV. Dividends

Dividend income is recognised when right to receive is established (provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably).

N. Retirement and other employee benefits

I. Defined contribution plan

Employee benefits in the form of contribution to Superannuation Fund, Provident Fund managed by government authorities, Employees State Insurance Corporation and Labour Welfare Fund are considered as defined contribution plans and the same are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the year in which the employee renders the related service.

II. Defined benefit plan

The Company''s gratuity fund scheme, additional gratuity scheme and post-employment benefit scheme are considered as defined benefit plans. The Company''s liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method as at the balance sheet date.

Employee benefit, in the form of contribution to provident fund managed by a trust set up by the Company, is charged to statement of profit and loss for the year in which the employee renders the related service. The Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investment of the trust and interest rate notified by the Government of India. Such shortfall is recognised in the statement of profit and loss based on actuarial valuation.

Past service costs are recognised in the statement of profit and loss on the earlier of:

a. The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

b. The date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss:

a. Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements; and

b. Net interest expense or income

c. Re-measurements, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling (if any), and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to the statement of profit and loss in subsequent periods.

III. Short term employee benefits

a. Short term employee benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the statement of profit and loss of the year in which the related service is rendered.

b. Accumulated Compensated absences, which are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service, are treated as short term employee benefits. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

IV. Other long-term employee benefits

Compensated absences are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the date of the balance sheet. Actuarial gains / losses, if any, are immediately recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Long service awards and accumulated compensated absences which are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are treated as other long term employee benefits for measurement purposes.

V. Employee share-based payments

The erstwhile Ultimate holding Company (Holcim

Group) of the Company operates various equity-settled performance share plans. Senior executive of the Company received remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employee render service as consideration for equity instruments (equity settled transactions). The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model.

The cost of equity settled transactions is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, together with a corresponding increase in equity, representing contribution received from the ultimate holding company, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The charge or credit to the Statement of Profit and Loss for a period represents movement in the cumulative expenses recognised as at the beginning and end of that period.

I n case of forfeiture/lapse stock option, which is not vested, amortised portion is reversed by credit to employee compensation expense. In a situation where the stock option expires unexercised, the related balance standing to the credit of the Capital Contribution from Parent is transferred to other equity.

VI. Termination benefits

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Company recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following:

a. when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; b. when the Company recognises costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of Ind AS 37 and involves the payment of termination benefits.

In the case of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer. Benefits falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to present value.

VII. Presentation and disclosure

For the purpose of presentation of defined benefit plans, the allocation between the short term and long-term provisions have been made as determined by an actuary. Obligations under other long-term benefits are classified as short-term provision, if the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer the settlement of the obligation beyond 12 months from the reporting date. The Company presents the entire compensated absences as short-term provisions since employee has an unconditional right to avail the leave at any time during the year.

O. Non-current assets held for sale

The Company classifies non-current assets as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale rather than through continuing use and the sale is highly probable. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected within one year from the date of classification.

For these purposes, sale transactions include exchanges of non-current assets for other noncurrent assets when the exchange has commercial substance. The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded as met only when the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets, its sale is highly probable; and it will genuinely be sold, not abandoned. The Company treats sale of the asset to be highly probable when:

I. The appropriate level of management is committed to a plan to sell the asset,

II. An active programme to locate a buyer and complete the plan has been initiated,

III. The asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value,

IV. The sale is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification, and

V. Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

Non-current assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately in the balance sheet.

Property, plant and equipments and intangible assets once classified as held for sale are not depreciated or amortised.

Gains and losses on disposals of non-current assets are determ

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Dec 31, 2018

I. Statement of Compliance

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Ind AS’) as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (‘the Act’) read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016.

These financial statements were approved for issue in accordance with the resolution of the Board of Directors on February 05, 2019.

II. Basis of Preparation

These financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following material items in the Balance Sheet:

a) Certain financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value (refer Note 1(X) for accounting policy on Financial Instruments);

b) Non-current assets classified as held for sale are measured at lower of their carrying amount and fair value less cost to sell; and

c) Employees Defined benefit plans are recognised at the net total of the fair value of plan assets, and the present value of the defined benefit obligation as per actuarial valuation.

Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services at the time of their acquisition.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.

All assets and liabilities, for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements, are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

i. Level 1 — inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;

ii. Level 2 — inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and

iii. Level 3 — inputs that are unobservable for the asset or liability.

III. Functional and Presentation Currency

These financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (‘) which is the functional currency of the Company.

Rounding of amounts

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements which also include the accompanying notes have been rounded off to the nearest Crore as per the requirement of Schedule III to the Companies Act 2013, unless otherwise stated.

IV. Classification of Current / Non-Current Assets and Liabilities

All the assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company’s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013 and Ind AS 1 “Presentation of financial statements”.

Assets:

An asset is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

a) it is expected to be realised in, or is intended for sale or consumption in, the Company’s normal operating cycle;

b) it is held primarily for the purpose of being traded;

c) it is expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting date; or

d) it is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

Liabilities:

A liability is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

a) it is expected to be settled in the Company’s normal operating cycle;

b) it is held primarily for the purpose of being traded;

c) it is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting date; or

d) the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date. Terms of a liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification.

All other assets / liabilities are classified as non-current.

Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its normal operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of Current / Non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

V. Property, Plant and Equipment Recognition and measurement

a) Property, Plant and Equipment are stated at cost of acquisition / installation or construction less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any (except freehold non-mining land which is carried at cost less impairment losses, if any).

Cost comprises the purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes (net of taxes credit wherever applicable) and any directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use, including relevant borrowing costs.

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use, is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

b) Subsequent expenditures are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

c) When a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the Property, Plant and Equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

d) Spares which meet the definition of Property, Plant and Equipment are capitalised as on the date of acquisition. The corresponding old spares are decapitalised on such date with consequent impact in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

e) Property, Plant and Equipment not ready for the intended use on the date of Balance Sheet are disclosed as “Capital work-in-progress”. Such items are classified to the appropriate category of Property, Plant and Equipment when completed and ready for intended use. Advances given towards acquisition / construction of Property, Plant and Equipment outstanding at each Balance Sheet date are disclosed as Capital Advances under “Other non-current assets”.

f) An item of Property, Plant and Equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss under “Other Income / Other Expenses” when the asset is derecognised.

g) The Company had elected to continue with the carrying value of all its Property, Plant and Equipment as recognised in the financial statements as at transition date to Ind AS, measured as per the Previous GAAP and use that as the deemed cost as at transition date pursuant to the exemption under Ind AS 101 “First-time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards”.

Depreciation and amortisation

a) Leasehold non-mining land held under finance lease is amortised over the period of lease on a straight-line basis.

b) Cost of mineral reserves embedded in the cost of freehold mining land is depreciated in the proportion of actual quantity of minerals extracted to the estimated quantity of extractable mineral reserves. Freehold non-mining land is not depreciated.

c) Depreciation on Property, Plant and Equipment, other than plant and equipment assets related to Captive Power Plant (CPP assets), is provided using the straight-line method and on CPP assets using the written down value method based on their respective estimated useful lives.

The Company identifies and determines cost of each component / part of the asset and depreciates separately, if the component / part have a cost which is significant to the total cost of the asset and has a useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining asset.

Estimated useful lives of assets are determined based on technical parameters / assessment, taking into account the nature of the asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating conditions of the asset, past history of replacement, anticipated technological changes, manufacturers warranties and maintenance support, etc.

The estimated useful lives are as follows:

The useful life as estimated above is aligned to the prescribed useful life specified under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 except useful life for computing depreciation is different in the following case:

d) Depreciation on additions to Property, Plant and Equipment is provided on a pro-rata basis from the date of acquisition or installation, and in the case of a new project, from the date of commencement of commercial production.

e) Depreciation on an item of Property, Plant and Equipment sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped, is provided upto the date on which such item of Property, Plant and Equipment is sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped.

f) Capitalised spares are depreciated over their own estimated useful life or the estimated useful life of the parent asset whichever is lower.

g) The Company reviews the residual value, useful lives and depreciation method annually and, if expectations differ from previous estimates, the change is accounted for as a change in accounting estimate on a prospective basis.

h) In respect of an asset for which impairment loss, if any, is recognised, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

VI. Intangible Assets

Recognition and Measurement

a) Mining rights and computer software acquired are measured on initial recognition at cost. Cost comprises the purchase price (net of tax / duty credits availed wherever applicable) and any directly attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use.

After initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

b) An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an item of intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such item of intangible asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

c) The Company had elected to continue with the carrying value of all its intangible assets as recognised in the financial statements as at the date of transition to Ind AS, measured as per the Previous GAAP and use that as the deemed cost as at the transition date pursuant to the exemption under Ind AS 101 “First-time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards”

Amortisation

A summary of the policies applied to the intangible assets is, as follows:

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset are reviewed at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless such expenditure forms part of the carrying value of another asset.

VII. Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

The carrying amounts of the Company’s non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated.

For goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite lives or which are not yet available for use, an impairment test is performed as at each Balance Sheet date (irrespective of impairment indicator) and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired.

For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (the “cash-generating unit”).

The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit (CGU) is the higher of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated pre-tax future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or the cash-generating unit.

Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from the other assets or group of assets.

The future cash flows are derived from the detailed budgets and forecast for the next three years, which are prepared separately for each of the Company’s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated.

An impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss if the estimated recoverable amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit is lower than its carrying amount.

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In respect of other assets, impairment losses recognised in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the impairment loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised. Such reversal of impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

VIII. Business Combinations and Goodwill

The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting to account for business combinations. The Company measures goodwill as of the acquisition date at the difference of the fair value consideration transferred (including fair value of previously held interest and contingent consideration) less the net fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) assumed. When such difference results into deficit, the excess is recognised in equity as capital reserve.

Business combination involving entities or businesses under common control is accounted for using the pooling of interest method. Under pooling of interest method, the assets and liabilities of combining entities are reflected at their carrying amount and no adjustments are made to reflect fair values.

Transaction costs that the Company incurs in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred.

IX. Inventories

Inventories are valued after providing for obsolescence, as follows:

a) Raw Materials, Stores and Spare parts, Packing Material and Fuels

At lower of cost and net realisable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

b) Work-in-progress, Finished Goods and Stock-in-Trade

At lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity, but excluding borrowing costs. Cost of Stock-in-Trade includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

X. Financial Instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

a) Financial assets

The Company’s financial assets comprise the following:

i. Current financial assets mainly consisting of (a) trade receivables, (b) mutual funds, (c) cash and bank balances, (d) investment in certificates of deposit, (e) fixed deposits with bank and financial institutions, (f) other short-term receivables (including incentive receivable from Government) and deposits and (g) forward contract.

ii. Non-current financial assets mainly consisting of (a) financial investments - equity, bond and fixed deposits and (b) other long-term receivables (including incentive receivable from Government) and deposits.

Initial recognition and measurement

The Company recognises a financial asset in its Balance Sheet when it becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value, plus in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

Subsequent measurement of financial assets

For the purpose of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in the following categories:

i. Financial assets at amortised cost

A ‘financial asset’ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

(a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.

ii. Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI) unless the same are designated as FVTPL

A ‘debt instrument’ is classified as at the FVTOCI unless the same are designated as FVTPL, if both of the following criteria are met:

a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

b) The asset’s contractual cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

The Company does not own any financial asset classified at fair value though other comprehensive income.

iii. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Debt instrument at FVTPL

FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for classification as at amortised cost or as fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI), is classified as FVTPL.

A financial asset that meets the amortised cost criteria or debt instruments that meet the FVTOCI criteria, may be designated as at FVTPL as at initial recognition if such designation reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ‘accounting mismatch’). The Company has not designated any debt instrument as at FVTPL.

Financial assets at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any gains and losses arising on remeasurement recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss. The net gain or loss recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss incorporates any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset and is included in the ‘other income’ line item of Statement of Profit and Loss.

Equity instruments

All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 “Financial Instruments” are measured at FVTPL with all changes in fair value recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The net gain or loss recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss incorporates any dividend earned on the equity instruments and is included in the ‘other income’ line item of Statement of Profit and Loss.

For all investments in equity instruments other than held for trading, at initial recognition, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in the Other Comprehensive Income (OCI). There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to Statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.

The Company has not designated investment in any equity instruments as FVTOCI. Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risk. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Any changes therein are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless the derivative is designated and effective as a hedging instrument, in which event the timing of the recognition in the Statement of Profit and Loss depends on the nature of the hedging relationship and the nature of the hedged item. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

The Company does not hold derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

Derecognition of financial asset

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company’s financial statements) when:

(a) The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

(b) The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through’ arrangement; and either

(i) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or

(ii) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between the carrying amount and the consideration received is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109 “Financial Instruments” the Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

a) Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g. loans, debt securities, deposits, bond, incentive receivable from Government; and

b) Trade receivables.

The Company follows ‘simplified approach’ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables resulting from transactions within the scope of Ind AS 18 “Revenue”, if they do not contain a significant financing component.

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, Twelve month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on Twelve month ECL.

Lifetime ECL is the expected credit loss resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The Twelve month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within twelve month after the reporting date.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original effective interest rate (EIR).

ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognised during the period is recognised as income / expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This amount is reflected in a separate line in the Statement of Profit and Loss under the head ‘Other expenses’ as an impairment gain or loss.

For financial assets measured at amortised cost, ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e. as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the Balance Sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.

b) Financial liabilities and equity instruments

Classification as debt or equity

An instruments issued by a company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Repurchase of the Company’s own equity instruments is recognised and deducted directly in equity. No gain or loss is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company’s own equity instruments. Dividend paid on equity instruments are directly reduced from equity.

Financial liabilities

The Company’s current financial liabilities mainly comprise (a) borrowings, (b) trade payables,

(c) liability for capital expenditure, (d) security deposit, (e) other payables and (f) forward contract.

Initial recognition and measurement

The Company recognises a financial liability in its Balance Sheet when it becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss or at amortised cost (loans and borrowings and payables) as appropriate.

Subsequent measurement

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

This is the category most relevant to the Company. All the financial liabilities of the Company are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.

A financial liability other than a financial liability held for trading may be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if:

(a) such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise;

(b) the financial liability forms part of a group of financial assets or financial liabilities or both, which is managed and its performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with the Company’s documented risk management or investment strategy and information about the grouping is provided internally on that basis; or

(c) it forms part of a contract containing one or more embedded derivatives and Ind AS 109 permits the entire combined contract to be designated as at FVTPL in accordance with Ind AS 109.

The Company does not owe any financial liability which is either classified or designated at fair value though profit or loss.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

A financial liability (or, where applicable, a part of a financial liability or part of a group of similar financial liability) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company’s financial statements) when, and only when, the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expired.

An exchange with a lender of debt instruments with substantially different terms is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. Similarly, a substantial modification of the terms of an existing financial liability (whether or not attributable to the financial difficulty of the debtor) is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Embedded derivatives

If the hybrid contract contains a host that is a financial asset within the scope of Ind AS 109, the Company does not separate embedded derivatives. Rather, it applies the classification requirements contained in Ind AS 109 “Financial Instruments” to the entire hybrid contract. Derivatives embedded in all other host contracts are accounted for as separate derivatives and recorded at fair value if their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the host contracts are not held for trading or designated at fair value through profit or loss. These embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cash flows.

Offsetting a financial asset and a financial liability

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet when, and only when, there is a currently enforceable legal right to set-off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously on a net basis.

XI. Effective Interest Method

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset or financial liability and of allocating interest income / interest expenses over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts / payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

XII. Investment in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures

Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed. Where the carrying amount of an investment is greater than its estimated recoverable amount, it is written down immediately to its recoverable amount and the difference is transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss. On disposal of investment, the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount is charged or credited to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Upon first-time adoption of Ind AS, the Company had elected to measure its investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures at the Previous GAAP carrying amount and use it as its deemed cost on the transition date.

XIII. Provisions and Contingencies

A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

These estimates are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

A contingent asset is a possible asset that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company. The Company does not recognise a contingent asset, if any, but discloses in the financial statements.

XIV. Site Restoration and Other Environmental Provisions

The Company provides for the costs of restoring a site where a legal or constructive obligation exists. The estimated future costs for known restoration requirements are determined on a site-by-site basis and are calculated based on the present value of estimated future cash out flows.

The site restoration provision before exploitation of the raw materials has commenced is included in Property, Plant and Equipment and depreciated over the life of the related asset.

Changes in the measurement of a provision that result from changes in the estimated timing or amount of cash outflows, or a change in the discount rate, are added to or deducted from the cost of the related asset to the extent that they relate to the asset’s installation, construction or acquisition.

The effect of any adjustments to the provision due to further environmental damage as a result of exploitation activities is recorded through the Statement of Profit and Loss over the life of the related asset, in order to reflect the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation at the end of the reporting period. All provisions are discounted to their present value. The unwinding of the discount is recognised as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

XV. Foreign Currency Transactions / Translations

These financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (‘).

Transactions in currencies other than Company’s functional currency (foreign currencies) are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transaction. At the end of the reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are reported using the exchange rate prevailing as at reporting date. Non-monetary items denominated in foreign currencies which are carried in terms of historical cost are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at the exchange rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or expenses in the year in which they arise.

XVI. Revenue Recognition Sale of goods

Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer, recovery of the consideration is probable, the associated costs and possible return of goods can be estimated reliably, there is no continuing management involvement with the goods and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably.

Revenue from the sale of goods includes excise duty and is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns, rebates and other similar allowances as applicable. The Company collects Sales Tax and Value Added Tax (Pre GST) and Goods and Services Tax (GST) on behalf of the Government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue.

Rendering of services

Revenue from services is recognised with reference to the stage of completion of a contract when outcome can be measured reliably. Stage of completion is measured by the services performed till Balance Sheet date as a percentage of total services contracted.

Interest income and royalties

Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable. Royalty income is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreement.

Dividends

Dividend income from investments is recognised when the right to receive payment has been established (provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably).

XVII. Retirement and Other Employee Benefits

a) Short term employee benefits

Short term employee benefits are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.

b) Defined Contribution Plans

Employee benefits in the form of contribution to Superannuation Fund, Provident Fund managed by Government Authorities, Employees State Insurance Corporation and Labour Welfare Fund are considered as defined contribution plans and the same are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the employee renders the related service.

c) Defined Benefit Plans

The Company’s gratuity scheme, additional gratuity scheme and post-employment benefit scheme are considered as defined benefit plans. The Company’s liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method as at the Balance Sheet date. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using discount rate with reference to the market yield on government bonds at the end of reporting period.

Defined benefit costs are categorised as follows:

i) The current service cost of the defined benefit plans, recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in employee benefits expense, reflects the increase in the defined benefit obligation resulting from employee service in the current year, benefit changes, curtailments and settlements. Past service costs, which comprise plan amendments and curtailments, as well as gains or losses on the settlement of pension benefits are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss when they occur.

ii) The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iii) Re-measurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss in subsequent periods.

In respect of certain employees, provident fund contributions are made to a trust administered by the Company. Periodic contributions to the fund are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. The Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investment of the trust and interest rate notified by the Government of India. Such shortfall is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The Company’s liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method.

d) Accumulated Compensated Absences

Accumulated compensated absences which are expected to be settled wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are treated as short term employee benefits. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

e) Other Long-term benefits

Long service awards and accumulated compensated absences which are not expected to be settled wholly before twelve months after the end of the annual reporting period in which the employees render the related service are treated as other long term employee benefits for measurement purposes.

Liabilities recognised in respect of other long term employee benefits are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date.

The Company’s liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the date of the Balance Sheet. Re-measurements are immediately recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

f) Termination benefits

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Company recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates:

i. when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and

ii. when the Company recognises costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of Ind AS 37 “Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets” and involves the payment of termination benefits.

In the case of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer. Benefits falling due more than twelve months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to present value.

g) Presentation and disclosure

For the purpose of presentation of defined benefit plans, the allocation between the current and non-current provisions has been made as determined by an actuary. The Company presents the entire compensated absences as short term provisions, since employee has an unconditional right to avail the leave at any time during the year.

XVIII. Non-Current Assets Held for Sale

The Company classifies non-current assets as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such asset and its sale is highly probable. Also, such assets are classified as held for sale only if the management expects to complete the sale within one year from the date of classification.

Non-current assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less cost to sell. Non-current assets are not depreciated or amortised.

XIX. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing cost directly attributable to acquisition and construction of assets that necessarily takes substantial period of time are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets up to the date when such assets are ready for intended use or sale.

All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.

XX. Taxation

Tax expense comprises current tax and deferred income tax and includes any adjustments related to past periods in current and / or deferred tax adjustments that may become necessary due to certain developments or reviews during the relevant period.

Current income tax

Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to or recovered from the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961 including the relevant Transfer Pricing regulations prescribed thereunder, read with applicable judicial precedents or interpretations, wherever relevant.

Current income tax relating to items is recognised outside the Statement of Profit and Loss is recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set-off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except:

a) When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and

b) In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised, except:

a) When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and

b) In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured based on the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside Statement of Profit & Loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to income tax levied by the same taxation authority.

Minimum alternate tax

Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability and is considered as an asset if it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which these tax credits can be utilized. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as deferred tax asset in the Balance Sheet when it is highly probable that future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company. MAT credit is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and written down to the extent the aforesaid convincing evidence no longer exists.

XXI. Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

Company as a lessee:

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease.

In respect of assets obtained on finance leases, assets are recognised at lower of the fair value at the date of acquisition and present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability to the lessor is included in the Balance Sheet as a finance lease obligation. The finance expense is allocated to each period during the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increases.

Company as a lessor:

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases and included in Property, Plant and Equipment. Lease income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the Company’s expected inflationary cost increases. Costs, including depreciation, are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. incurred by the Company in negotiating and arranging an operating lease shall be added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised as an expense over the lease term on the same basis as the lease income.

XXII. Segment Reporting

Identification of segments

An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) to make decisions for which discrete financial information is available.

The Board of Directors of the Company has appointed Executive Committee (ExCo) which has been identified as being the CODM. The ExCo assesses the financial performance and position of the Company and makes strategic decisions.

The Company’s operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets.

Allocation of common costs

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.

Inter-segment transfers

Inter-segment revenue has been accounted for based on the transaction price agreed to between segments which is based on current market prices.

Unallocated items

Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments on reasonable basis have been included under ‘unallocated revenue / expenses / assets / liabilities’.

Segment policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

Operating segment is reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”).

XXIII. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and cheques on hand, cash at banks, demand deposits from banks and short term, highly liquid instruments. As part of the Company’s cash management policy to meet short term cash commitments, it parks its surplus funds in short term highly liquid instruments that are held for a period of three months or less from the date of acquisition. These short term highly liquid instruments are open-ended debt funds and certificates of deposit that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

XXIV. Government Grants and Subsidies

a) Grants and subsidies from the Government are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the grant / subsidy will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with.

b) Government grants related to income under State Investment Promotion Scheme linked with VAT / GST payment, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they become receivable.

c) Where the government grant / subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Government grant and subsidy receivable against an expense are deducted from such expense.

d) Where the grant or subsidy relates to an asset, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis over the expected useful life of the related asset.

XXV. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

Diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing the profit after tax as adjusted for dividend, interest and other charges to expense or income (net of any attributable taxes) relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

XXVI. Use of Estimates and Judgements

The preparation of the Company’s financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, the accompanying disclosures and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future period, if the revision affects current and future period.

Revisions in estimates are reflected in the Financial Statements in the period in which changes are made and, if material, their effects are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

The Company makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The estimates and assumptions that may have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are summarized below:

Impairment of non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Company’s non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the recoverable amounts of cash-generating units have been determined based on value in use calculations. These calculations require the use of estimates such as discount rates and growth rates.

Defined benefit plans

The liabilities and costs for defined benefit pension plans and other post-employment benefits are determined using actuarial valuations. The actuarial valuation involves making assumptions about discount rates, future salary increases, mortality rates and future pension increases. Due to the long term nature of these plans, such estimates are subject to significant uncertainty.

Recognition of deferred tax assets

The recognition of deferred tax assets requires assessment of whether it is probable that sufficient future taxable profit will be available against which the deferred tax assets can be utilized.

Measurement of site restoration provisions

The measurement of site restoration provisions requires long term assumptions regarding the phasing of the restoration work to be carried out and the appropriate discount rate to be used.

Provisions

Provisions are recognised in the period when it becomes probable that there will be a future outflow of funds resulting from past operations or events that can reasonably be estimated. The timing of recognition requires application of judgement to existing facts and circumstances which may be subject to change. The litigations and claims to which the Company is exposed are assessed by management and in certain cases with the support of external specialized lawyers.

The amounts are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability.

Contingencies

In the normal course of business, contingent liabilities may arise from litigation and other claims against the Company. Potential liabilities that are possible but not probable of crystalising

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Dec 31, 2017

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for the year ended December 31, 2017

Company Overview and Significant Accounting Policies:

Corporate Information

ACC Limited ("the Company"), is a public company domiciled in India and was incorporated on August 01, 1936 under the provisions of the Companies Act, 1913 applicable in India. Its shares are listed on National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) of India. The registered office of the Company is located at Cement House, 121 Maharshi Karve Road, Mumbai - 400020 India.

The Company is principally engaged in the business of manufacturing and selling of Cement and Ready mix concrete. The Company has manufacturing facilities across India and caters mainly to the domestic market.

1. Significant Accounting Policies

I. Statement of Compliance

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as the ''Ind AS'') as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (''the Act'') read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016.

For all periods upto and including for the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company prepared its financial statements in accordance with accounting standards notified under the Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read together with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 (hereinafter referred to as ''Previous GAAP''). These are the Company''s first financial statements prepared in accordance with Ind AS. The date of transition to Ind AS is January 01, 2016 (hereinafter referred to as the ''transition date'').

The financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016 and the opening Balance Sheet as at January 01, 2016 have been restated in accordance with Ind AS for comparative information. Reconciliations and explanations of the effect of the transition from Previous GAAP to Ind AS on the Company''s Balance Sheet, Statement of Profit and Loss (including Comprehensive Income) and Statement of Cash Flows are provided in Note - 55.

These financial statements were approved for issue in accordance with the resolution of the Board of Directors on February 08, 2018.

II. Basis of Preparation

These financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following material items in the balance sheet:

a) Certain financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments)

b) Asset held for sale are measured at lower of its carrying amount and fair value less cost to sell; and

c) Employees Defined benefit plans are recognized at the net total of the fair value of plan assets, and the present value of the defined benefit obligation as per actuarial valuation

Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services at the time of their acquisition.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.

All assets and liabilities, for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements, are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

i. Level 1 — inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;

ii. Level 2 — inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and

iii. Level 3 — inputs that are unobservable for the asset or liability

III. Functional and Presentation Currency

These financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees ('') which is the functional currency of the Company.

All financial information presented in Indian rupees has been rounded to the nearest Crore, except otherwise indicated.

IV. Classification of Current / Non-Current Assets and Liabilities

All the assets and liabilities have been classified as current or noncurrent as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013.

Assets:

An asset is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

a) it is expected to be realised in, or is intended for sale or consumption in, the Company''s normal operating cycle;

b) it is held primarily for the purpose of being traded;

c) it is expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting date; or

d) it is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

Liabilities:

A liability is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

a) it is expected to be settled in the Company''s normal operating cycle;

b) it is held primarily for the purpose of being traded;

c) it is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting date; or

d) the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date. Terms of a liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification.

All other assets/ liabilities are classified as non-current.

Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in Cash or cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its normal operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of Current / Non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

V. Property, plant and equipment Recognition and measurement

a) Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any (except freehold non-mining land which is carried at cost less impairment losses if any).

Cost comprises the purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes (net of taxes credit wherever applicable) and any directly attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use, including relevant borrowing costs.

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use, is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

b) Subsequent expenditures are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

c) When a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the property, plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the statement of Profit and Loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

d) Spares which meet the definition of property, plant and equipment are capitalized as on the date of acquisition. The corresponding old spares are recapitalized on such date.

e) Property, plant and equipment not ready for the intended use on the date of Balance Sheet are disclosed as "Capital work-in-progress". Such items are classified to the appropriate category of Property, plant and equipment when completed and ready for intended use. Advances given towards acquisition/construction of Property, plant and equipment outstanding at each Balance Sheet date are disclosed as Capital Advances under "Other non-current assets".

f) An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

g) The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all its property, plant and equipment as recognized in the financial statements as at transition date to Ind AS, measured as per the previous GAAP and use that as the deemed cost as at transition date pursuant to the exemption under Ind AS 101 ''First-time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards''.

Depreciation and amortization

a) Leasehold non-mining land held under finance lease is amortized over the period of lease on a straight line basis.

b) Cost of mineral reserve embedded in the cost of freehold mining land is depreciated in the proportion of actual quantity of minerals extracted to the estimated quantity of extractable mineral reserves. Freehold non-mining land is not depreciated.

c) Depreciation on property, plant and equipment, other than plant and equipment assets related to Captive Power Plant (CPP assets), is provided using the straight line method and on CPP assets using the written down value method based on their respective estimated useful lives.

The Company identifies and determines cost of each component / part of the asset and depreciates separately, if the component / part have a cost which is significant to the total cost of the asset and has useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining asset.

Estimated useful lives of assets are determined based on technical parameters / assessment, taking into account the nature of the asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating conditions of the asset, past history of replacement, anticipated technological changes, manufacturers warranties and maintenance support, etc.

d) Depreciation on additions to property, plant and equipment is provided on a pro-rata basis from the date of acquisition or installation, and in the case of a new project, from the date of commencement of commercial production.

e) Depreciation on an item of property, plant and equipment sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped, is provided up to the date on which such item of property, plant and equipment is sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped.

f) Capitalized spares are depreciated over their own estimated useful life or the estimated useful life of the parent asset whichever is lower.

g) The Company reviews the residual value, useful lives and depreciation method annually and, if expectations differ from previous estimates, the change is accounted for as a change in accounting estimate on a prospective basis.

VI. Intangible assets

Recognition and Measurement

a) Mining rights and computer software acquired is measured on initial recognition at cost. Cost comprises the purchase price (net of taxes credit wherever applicable) and any directly attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use.

After initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

b) Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an item of intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the such item of intangible asset and are recognized in the statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

c) The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all its intangible assets as recognized in the financial statements as at the date of transition to Ind AS, measured as per the Previous GAAP and use that as the deemed cost as at the transition date pursuant to the exemption under Ind AS 101 ''First-time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards''.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset are reviewed at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortization expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.

VII. Impairment of non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Company''s non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset''s recoverable amount is estimated.

For goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite lives or which are not yet available for use, an impairment test is performed as at each Balance Sheet date (irrespective of impairment indicator) and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired.

For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (the "cash-generating unit").

The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit (CGU) is the higher of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated pre-tax future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or the cash-generating unit.

Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from the other assets or group of assets.

The future cash flows are derived from the detailed budgets and forecast for the next three years, which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated.

An impairment loss is recognized in the statement of Profit and Loss if the estimated recoverable amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit is lower than its carrying amount.

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In respect of other assets, impairment losses recognized in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the impairment loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset''s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized. Such reversal of impairment loss is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

VIII. Business combinations and goodwill

The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting to account for business combinations. The Company measures goodwill as of the acquisition date at the difference of the fair value of consideration transferred (including fair value of previously held interest and contingent consideration) less the net fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) assumed. When such difference results into deficit, the excess is recognized in equity as capital reserve.

Business combination involving entities or businesses under common control is accounted for using the pooling of interest method. Under pooling of interest method, the assets and liabilities of combining entities are reflected at their carrying amount and no adjustments are made to reflect fair values. Transaction costs that the Company incurs in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred.

IX. Inventories

Inventories are valued after providing for obsolescence, as follows:

a) Raw Materials, Stores & Spare parts, Packing Material and Fuels

At lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis. Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

b) Work-in-progress, Finished goods and Stock-in-Trade

At lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity, but excluding borrowing costs. Cost of Stock-in-Trade includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

X. Financial Instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

a) Financial assets

The Company''s financial assets comprise the following:

i. Current financial assets mainly consisting of (a) trade receivables, (b) mutual funds, (c) cash and bank balances, (d) investment in certificates of deposit, (e) fixed deposits with bank and financial institutions and (f) other short-term receivables and deposits.

ii. Non-current financial assets mainly consisting of (a) financial investments - equity, bond and fixed deposits, (b) other long-term receivables and deposits.

Initial recognition and measurement

The Company recognized a financial asset in its Balance Sheet when it becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognized on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

Subsequent measurement of financial assets

For the purpose of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in the following categories:

i. Financial assets at amortized cost

A ''financial asset'' is measured at the amortized cost if both the following conditions are met:

(a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest ("SPPI") on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included in finance income in the statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the statement of Profit and Loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.

ii. Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

A ''debt instrument'' is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:

a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

b) The asset''s contractual cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

The Company does not own any financial asset classified at fair value through other comprehensive income.

iii. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Debt instrument at FVTPL

FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for classification as at amortized cost or as fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI), is classified as FVTPL.

A Financial asset that meets the amortized cost criteria or debt instruments that meet the FVTOCI criteria, may be designated as at FVTPL as at initial recognition if such designation reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ‘accounting mismatch''). The Company has not designated any debt instrument as at FVTPL.

Financial assets at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any gains and losses arising on remeasurement recognized in statement of Profit and Loss. The net gain or loss recognized in statement of Profit and Loss incorporates any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset and is included in the ''other income'' line item of statement of Profit and Loss.

Equity instruments

All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 "Financial Instruments" are measured at FVTPL with all changes in fair value recognized in the statement of Profit and Loss. The net gain or loss recognized in the statement of Profit and Loss incorporates any dividend earned on the equity instruments and is included in the ''other income'' line item of statement of Profit and Loss.

For all investments in equity instruments other than held for trading, at initial recognition, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to Statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.

The Company has not designated investment in any equity instruments FVTOCI.

Derecognition of financial asset

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognized (i.e. removed from the Company''s financial statements) when:

- The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

- The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ''pass-through'' arrangement; and either

(a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or

(b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognize the transferred asset to the extent of the Company''s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognizes an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

On Derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between the carrying amount and the consideration received is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109 "Financial Instruments", the Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

a) financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortized cost e.g., loans, debt securities, deposits, bond and

b) trade receivables.

The Company follows ''simplified approach'' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables resulting from transactions within the scope of Ind-AS 18 "Revenue", if they do not contain a significant financing component.

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

Lifetime ECL is the expected credit loss resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original effective interest rate (EIR).

ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income/ expense in the statement of Profit and Loss. This amount is reflected in a separate line in the statement of Profit and Loss as an impairment gain or loss.

For financial assets measured at amortized cost, ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e. as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.

b) Financial liabilities and equity instruments

Classification as debt or equity

An instruments issued by a company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognized at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Repurchase of the Company''s own equity instruments is recognized and deducted directly in equity. No gain or loss is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company''s own equity instruments. Dividend paid on equity instruments are directly reduced from equity.

Financial liabilities

The Company''s current financial liabilities mainly comprise (a) Borrowings, (b) trade payables,

(c) liability for capital expenditure, (d) security deposit and (e) other payables

Initial recognition and measurement

The Company recognizes a financial liability in its Balance Sheet when it becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss or at amortized cost (loans and borrowings, and payables) as appropriate.

Subsequent measurement

Financial liabilities at amortized cost

This is the category most relevant to the Company. All the financial liabilities of the Company are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognized in the Standalone statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR amortization process.

Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included as finance costs in the statement of Profit and Loss.

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.

A financial liability other than a financial liability held for trading may be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if:

i. such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise;

ii. the financial liability forms part of a group of financial assets or financial liabilities or both, which is managed and its performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with the Company''s documented risk management or investment strategy, and information about the grouping is provided internally on that basis; or

iii. it forms part of a contract containing one or more embedded derivatives, and Ind AS 109 permits the entire combined contract to be designated as at FVTPL in accordance with Ind AS 109.

The Company does not owe any financial liability which is either classified or designated at fair value though profit or loss.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

A financial liability (or, where applicable, a part of a financial liability or part of a group of similar financial liability) is primarily derecognized (i.e. removed from the Company''s financial statements) when, and only when, the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.

An exchange with a lender of debt instruments with substantially different terms is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. Similarly, a substantial modification of the terms of an existing financial liability (whether or not attributable to the financial difficulty of the debtor) is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognized in the statement of Profit and Loss.

Embedded derivatives

If the hybrid contract contains a host that is a financial asset within the scope of Ind AS 109, the Company does not separate embedded derivatives. Rather, it applies the classification requirements contained in Ind AS 109 "financial instruments" to the entire hybrid contract. Derivatives embedded in all other host contracts are accounted for as separate derivatives and recorded at fair value if their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the host contracts are not held for trading or designated at fair value through profit or loss. These embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cash flows.

Offsetting a financial asset and a financial liability

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet when, and only when, there is a currently enforceable legal right to set off the recognized amounts and there is an intention to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously on a net basis.

XI. Effective interest method

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset or financial liability and of allocating interest income/ interest expenses over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts/ payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

XII. Investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed. Where the carrying amount of an investment is greater than its estimated recoverable amount, it is written down immediately to its recoverable amount and the difference is transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss. On disposal of investment, the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount is charged or credited to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Upon first-time adoption of Ind AS, the Company has elected to measure its investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures at the Previous GAAP carrying amount and use it as its deemed cost on the transition date.

XIII. Provisions and Contingencies

A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.

These estimates are reviewed at each Balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

A contingent asset is possible asset that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company. The Company does not recognize a contingent asset (if any) but disclose in financial statements.

XIV. Site restoration and other environmental provisions

The Company provides for the costs of restoring a site where a legal or constructive obligation exists. The estimated future costs for known restoration requirements are determined on a site-by-site basis and are calculated based on the present value of estimated future cash out flows.

The site restoration provision before exploitation of the raw materials has commenced is included in property, plant and equipment and depreciated over the life of the related asset.

Changes in the measurement of a provision that result from changes in the estimated timing or amount of cash outflows, or a change in the discount rate, are added to or deducted from the cost of the related asset to the extent that they relate to the asset''s installation, construction or acquisition.

The effect of any adjustments to the provision due to further environmental damage as a result of exploitation activities is recorded through statement of Profit and Loss over the life of the related asset, in order to reflect the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation at the end of the reporting period. All provisions are discounted to their present value. The unwinding of the discount is recognized as a finance cost in the statements of Profit and Loss.

XV. Foreign Currency Transactions / Translations

These financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees ('').

Transactions in currencies other than Company''s functional currency (foreign currencies) are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transaction. At the end of the reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are reported using the exchange rate prevailing as at reporting date. Non-monetary items denominated in foreign currencies which are carried in terms of historical cost are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at the exchange rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or expenses in the year in which they arise.

XVI. Revenue recognition Sale of goods

Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer, recovery of the consideration is probable, the associated costs and possible return of goods can be estimated reliably, there is no continuing management involvement with the goods and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably.

Revenue from the sale of goods includes excise duty and is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns, rebates and other similar allowances as applicable. The Company collects sales tax and value added tax (VAT) and Goods and service tax (GST) on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue.

Rendering of services

Revenue from services is recognized with reference to the stage of completion of a contract when outcome can be measured reliably. Stage of completion is measured by the services performed till Balance Sheet date as a percentage of total services contracted.

Interest income and royalties

Interest income from a financial asset is recognized when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable. Royalty income is recognized on an accrual basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreement.

Dividends

Dividend income from investments is recognized when the right to receive payment has been established (provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably).

XVII. Retirement and other employee benefits

a) Short term employee benefits:

Short-term employee benefits are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognized for the amount expected to be paid if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.

b) Defined Contribution Plans:

Employee benefits in the form of contribution to Superannuation Fund, Provident Fund managed by Government Authorities, Employees State Insurance Corporation and Labour Welfare Fund are considered as defined contribution plans and the same are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the employee renders the related service.

c) Defined Benefit Plans:

The Company''s gratuity scheme, additional gratuity scheme and post-employment benefit scheme are considered as defined benefit plans. The Company''s liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method as at the Balance Sheet date. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using discount rate with reference to the market yield on government bonds at the end of reporting period.

Defined benefit costs are categorized as follows:

i. The current service cost of the defined benefit plans, recognized in the statement of Profit and Loss in employee benefits expense, reflects the increase in the defined benefit obligation resulting from employee service in the current year, benefit changes, curtailments and settlements. Past service costs, which comprise plan amendments and curtailments, as well as gains or losses on the settlement of pension benefits are recognized immediately in the statement of Profit and Loss when they occur.

ii. The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in Finance cost in the statement of Profit and Loss.

iii. Re-measurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognized immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to statement of Profit and Loss in subsequent periods.

In respect of certain employees, provident fund contributions are made to a trust administered by the Company. Periodic contributions to the Fund are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. The Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investment of the trust and interest rate notified by the Government of India. Such shortfall is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The Company''s liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method.

d) Accumulated Compensated absences, which are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are treated as short term employee benefits. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

e) Other long-term benefits:

Long service awards and accumulated compensated absences which are not expected to be settled wholly before 12 months after the end of the annual reporting period in which the employees render the related service are treated as other long term employee benefits for measurement purposes.

Liabilities recognized in respect of other long-term employee benefits are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date.

The Company''s liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the date of the Balance Sheet. Re-measurements are immediately recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

f) Termination benefits:

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Company recognizes termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates:

a. when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and

b. when the Company recognizes costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of Ind AS 37 ''Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets'' and involves the payment of termination benefits.

In the case of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer. Benefits falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to present value.

g) Presentation and disclosure:

For the purpose of presentation of Defined benefit plans, the allocation between the current and non-current provisions has been made as determined by an actuary. The Company presents the entire compensated absences as short term provisions, since employee has an unconditional right to avail the leave at any time during the year.

XVIII. Non-current assets held for sale

The Company classifies non-current assets as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such asset and its sale is highly probable. Also, such assets are classified as held for sale only if the management expects to complete the sale within one year from the date of classification.

Non-current assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less cost to sell. Non-current assets are not depreciated or amortized.

XIX. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing cost directly attributable to acquisition and construction of assets that necessarily takes substantial period of time are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets up to the date when such assets are ready for intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset.

All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.

XX. Taxation

Tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred income tax and includes any adjustments related to past periods in current and / or deferred tax adjustments that may become necessary due to certain developments or reviews during the relevant period.

Current income tax

Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income tax Act, 1961 including the relevant Transfer Pricing regulations prescribed there under, read with applicable judicial precedents or interpretations, wherever relevant.

Current income tax relating to items recognized outside Profit and Loss is recognized outside Profit and Loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except:

i. When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss

ii. In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized, except:

i. When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss

ii. In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured based on the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to income tax levied by the same taxation authority.

Minimum Alternate Tax

Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability and is considered as an asset if it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which these tax credit can be utilized. Accordingly, MAT is recognized as deferred tax asset in the Balance Sheet when it is highly probable that future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company. MAT credit is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and written down to the extent the aforesaid convincing evidence no longer exists.

XXI. Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

Company as a lessee:

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease.

In respect of assets obtained on finance leases, assets are recognized at lower of the fair value at the date of acquisition and present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability to the less or is included in the Balance Sheet as a finance lease obligation. The finance expense is allocated to each period during the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.

Leases where the less or effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the less or’s expected inflationary cost increases.

Company as a less or:

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases and included in and included in property, plant and equipment. Lease income is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the Company''s expected inflationary cost increases. Costs, including depreciation, are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. incurred by the Company in negotiating and arranging an operating lease shall be added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognized as an expense over the lease term on the same basis as the lease income.

XXII. Segment Reporting Identification of segments

An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the company''s Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") to make decisions for which discrete financial information is available.

The board of directors of the Company has appointed Executive Committee (ExCo) which has been identified as being the CODM. The ExCo assesses the financial performance and position of the Company and makes strategic decisions.

The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets.

Allocation of common costs

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.

Inter-segment transfers

Inter-segment revenue has been accounted for based on the transaction price agreed to between segments which is based on current market prices.

Unallocated items

Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments on reasonable basis have been included under ''unallocated revenue / expenses / assets / liabilities''.

Segment Policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

Operating segment is reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM).

XXIII. Cash and Cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, cash at banks, demand deposits from banks and short-term, highly liquid instruments. As part of Company''s cash management policy to meet short term cash commitments, it parks its surplus funds in short-term highly liquid instruments that are held for a period of three months or less from the date of acquisition. These short-term highly liquid instruments are open-ended debt funds and certificate of deposits that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

XXIV. Government Grants and Subsidies

a) Grants and subsidies from the Government are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the grant / subsidy will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with.

b) Where the government grant / subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Government grant and subsidy receivable against an expense are deducted from such expense.

c) Where the grant or subsidy relates to an asset, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis over the expected useful life of the related asset.

XXV. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

Diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing the profit after tax as adjusted for dividend, interest and other charges to expense or income (net of any attributable taxes) relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

XXVI. Use of Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of the Company''s financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future period, if the revision affects current and future period.

The Company makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The estimates and assumptions that may have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are summarized below:

Impairment of non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Company''s non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the recoverable amounts of cash-generating units have been determined based on value in use calculations. These calculations require the use of estimates such as discount rates and growth rates.

Defined benefit plans

The liabilities and costs for defined benefit pension plans and other post-employment benefits are determined using actuarial valuations. The actuarial valuation involves making assumptions about discount rates, future salary increases, mortality rates and future pension increases. Due to the long-term nature of these plans, such estimates are subject to significant uncertainty.

Recognition of deferred tax assets

The recognition of deferred tax assets requires assessment of whether it is probable that sufficient future taxable profit will be available against which the deferred tax assets can be utilized.

Measurement of site restoration provisions

The measurement of site restoration provisions requires long-term assumptions regarding the phasing of the restoration work to be carried out and the appropriate discount rate to be used.

Provisions

Provisions are recognized in the period when it becomes probable that there will be a future outflow of funds resulting from past operations or events that can reasonably be estimated. The timing of recognition requires application of judgment to existing facts and circumstances which may be subject to change. The litigations and claims to which the Company is exposed are assessed by management and in certain cases with the support of external specialized lawyers.

The amounts are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability.

Contingencies

In the normal course of business, contingent liabilities may arise from litigation and other claims against the Company. Potential liabilities that are possible but not probable of crystallizing or are very difficult to quantify reliably are treated as contingent liabilities. Such liabilities are disclosed in the notes but are not recognized.

Fair value measurement of financial instruments

When the fair values of financial assets or financial liabilities recorded or disclosed in the financial statements cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the DCF model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgment is required in establishing fair values. Judgments include consideration of inputs such

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Dec 31, 2016

1. COMPANY OVERVIEW

ACC Limited (the Company) is a public limited company incorporated in India under the provision of Companies Act, 1913. Its shares are listed on National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in India. The Company is engaged in the manufacturing and selling of Cement and Ready mix concrete. The Company caters mainly to the domestic market.

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(i) Basis of preparation

a) The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP). The Company has prepared these financial statements to comply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified under section 133 of the Companies Act 2013 (“the Act”), read together with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014. The financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the historical cost convention.

b) The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of financial statements are consistent with those of previous year.

(ii) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the year. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes different from the estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized prospectively in the current and future periods.

(iii) Tangible fixed assets

a) Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation / amortization and impairment losses, if any (except freehold non mining land which is carried at cost less impairment losses). The cost comprises the purchase price (net of Cenvat and VAT credit wherever applicable) and any directly attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use.

Subsequent expenditures related to an item of tangible asset are added to its gross book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.

b) Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with a particular item of Fixed Assets and the use of which is irregular, are capitalized at cost.

c) Fixed assets retired from active use and held for disposal are stated at the lower of their net book value and net realizable value and are disclosed separately under “Other Current Assets”.

d) Losses arising from the retirement of, and gains and losses arising from disposal of fixed assets which are carried at cost are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

e) Tangible assets not ready for the intended use on the date of Balance Sheet are disclosed as “Capital work-in-progress”. Advances given towards acquisition / construction of fixed assets outstanding at each Balance Sheet date are disclosed as Capital Advances under “Long Term Loans and Advances”.

(iv) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets

a) Depreciation on fixed assets, other than Captive Power Plant related assets (CPP assets), is provided using the straight-line method and on CPP assets using the written-down value method based on their respective estimated useful lives.

The Company identifies and determines cost of each component/part of the asset separately, if the component/ part has a cost which is significant to the total cost of the asset and has useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining asset.

Estimated useful lives of assets are determined based on technical parameters / assessment.

The aforesaid estimated useful lives for computing depreciation is different in following case from the useful life specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013;

Depreciation is calculated on a pro-rata basis from the date of installation or acquisition and in case of Projects from the date of commencement of commercial production till the date the assets are sold or disposed off.

b) Machinery spares which are capitalized, are depreciated over the useful life of the related fixed asset. The written down value of such spares is charged in the Statement of Profit and Loss, on issue for consumption.

c) Leasehold land is amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of lease which is 10 to 99 years.

d) Freehold land used for mining is depreciated on the basis of quantity of minerals actually extracted during the year with respect to the estimated total quantity of extractable mineral reserves.

(v) Intangible assets and amortization

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortization and impairment losses if any. Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful economic life. Computer Software cost is amortized over a period of three years using straight-line method.

Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of intangible assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is de-recognized.

(vi) Impairment of assets

The carrying amount of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal / external factors. An impairment loss is recognized in the Statements of Profit and Loss wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing the value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset.

After impairment, depreciation / amortization is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life. A previously recognized impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on changes in circumstances. However, the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation / amortization if there was no impairment.

(vii) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition and construction of an asset which takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use, are capitalized as a part of the cost of such assets, until such time the asset is substantially ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period they occur.

Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs incurred in connection with borrowing of funds.

(viii) Investments

Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments. However, that part of long-term investments which are expected to be realized within twelve months from Balance Sheet date is also presented under “Current Investments” under “Current portion of long-term investments” in consonance with the current / non-current classification of Schedule III of the Act.

Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments. Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual basis.

On disposal of an investment, the difference between the carrying amount and the net disposal proceeds is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(ix) Inventories

Inventories are valued after providing for obsolescence, as follows:

a) Raw Materials, Stores & Spare parts, Packing Material and Fuels

Lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

b) Work-in-progress, Finished goods and Stock-in-Trade

Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost of Stock-in-Trade includes cost of purchase and other cost incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(x) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprise cash in hand, cash at bank, demand deposits with banks and other short-term highly liquid investments / deposits with an original maturity of three months or less.

(xi) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer. Sales are disclosed net of trade discounts and returns, as applicable. The Company collects sales tax and value added tax (VAT) on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue.

Sales exclude self-consumption of cement. Excise duties deducted from turnover (gross) are the amounts that are included in the amount of turnover (gross) and not the entire amount of liability that arose during the year.

Income from services

Revenue from services is recognized (net of service tax, as applicable) pro-rata over the period of the contract as and when services are rendered.

Interest and Dividend Income

Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Dividend income is recognized when the Company''s right to receive dividend is established by the Balance Sheet date.

(xii) Government Grants and Subsidies

a) Government grants and subsidies are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the conditions attached to them will be complied, and grant/subsidy will be received.

b) Where the Government grants / subsidies relates to revenue, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Government grants and subsidies receivable against an expense are deducted from such expense.

c) Grants and subsidies receivable against a specific fixed asset is deducted from cost of the relevant fixed asset.

d) Government grants of the nature of promoters'' contribution are credited to Capital Reserve and treated as a part of shareholders'' funds.

(xiii) Leases

Where the Company is the lessee

Leases where the less or effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Where the Company is the less or

Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(xiv) Foreign currency transactions

Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transactions. Foreign currency monetary items are subsequently reported using the closing rate. Nonmonetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

(xv) Retirement and other employee benefits

a) Short term employee benefits

Short term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year in which the related service is rendered.

b) Defined contribution plans

The Company''s Officer''s Superannuation Fund scheme, state governed provident fund scheme, employee state insurance scheme and Labour Welfare Fund scheme are considered as defined contribution plans. The contribution under the schemes is recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss, when an employee renders the related service. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective funds.

c) Defined benefit plans

The Company''s Gratuity fund scheme, additional gratuity scheme and post employment benefit scheme are considered as defined benefit plans. The Company''s liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method as at Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains / losses are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

In respect of certain employees, provident fund contributions are made to a trust administered by the Company. Periodic contributions to the Fund are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. The Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investment of the trust and interest rate notified by the Government of India. Such shortfall is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The Company''s liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the deterministic approach.

d) Other long term benefits

Long service awards and accumulated compensated absences which are expected to be availed or encashed beyond 12 months from the end of the year, are treated as other long term employee benefits for measurement purposes. The Company''s liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method as at Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains / losses are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

e) Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed within 12 months from the end of the year are treated as short term employee benefits. The company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

f) For the purpose of presentation of Defined benefit plans and other long term benefits, the allocation between short term and long term provisions has been made as determined by an actuary. The Company presents the entire compensated absences as a short term provisions, since employee has an unconditional right to avail the leave at any time during the year.

g) Expenses incurred towards voluntary retirement scheme are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when accrue.

(xvi) Income taxes

Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax and includes any adjustments related to past periods in current and / or deferred tax adjustments that may become necessary due to certain developments or reviews during the relevant period. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961 including the relevant Transfer Pricing regulations prescribed there under, read with applicable judicial precedents or interpretations, where ever relevant.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of current year''s timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the company will pay normal income tax during the specified period i.e. the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the company recognizes MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternate Tax under the Income tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown “MAT Credit Entitlement” under the head loans and advances. The company reviews the “MAT credit entitlement” asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

(xvii)Provisions and contingent liabilities

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events, if it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

(xviii) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(xix) Mines Restoration Expenditure

The Company provides for the estimated expenditure required to restore quarries and mines. The total estimate of restoration expenses is apportioned over the estimate of mineral reserves and a provision is made based on minerals extracted during the year.

Mines restoration expenses is incurred on an ongoing basis and until the closure of the quarries and mines. The actual expenses may vary based on the nature of restoration and the estimate of restoration expenditure.

The total estimate of restoration expenses is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates.

(xx) Classification of Current / Non-Current Assets and Liabilities

All assets and liabilities are presented as Current or Non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of Current / Non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

(xxi) Segment Reporting

Identification of segments

The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

Allocation of common costs

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.

Inter-segment transfers

Inter-segment revenue has been accounted for based on the transaction price agreed to between segments which is based on current market prices.

Unallocated items

Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments on reasonable basis have been included under ''unallocated revenue / expenses / assets / liabilities''.

Segment Policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

*During the current year, pursuant to the Orders passed by the Special Court (TORTS) the Company has allotted 41,907 Equity Shares (Previous year - Nil) out of the shares kept in abeyance of Rights Issue 1999.

ii) Terms / rights attached to equity shares

The Company has only one class of equity shares having par value of '' 10 per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting, except in case of interim dividend.

In the event of liquidation of the company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.

Companies referred above are subsidiaries of LafargeHolcim Ltd, Switzerland, the ultimate holding company.

As per records of the Company, including its register of shareholders/ members and other declarations received from shareholders regarding beneficial interest, the above shareholding represents both legal and beneficial ownerships of shares.

*The Company was a subsidiary of Holcim (India) Private Limited. Pursuant to the amalgamation of Holcim (India) Private Limited into Ambuja Cements Limited, effective August 12, 2016, the Company has become a subsidiary of Ambuja Cements Limited.

v) No shares have been allotted without payment being received in cash or by way of bonus shares during the period of five years immediately preceding the Balance Sheet date.

i) There are no amounts due and outstanding to be credited to Investor Education and Protection Fund as at December 31, 2016

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Dec 31, 2015

1. COMPANY OVERVIEW

ACC Limited (the Company) is a public limited company incorporated in India under the provision of Companies Act, 1913. Its shares are listed on two stock exchanges in India. The Company is engaged in the manufacturing and selling of Cement and Ready mix concrete. The Company caters mainly to the domestic market.

(i) Basis of preparation

a) The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP). The Company has prepared these financial statements to com ply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act"), read together with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014. The financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the historical cost convention.

b) The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of financial statements are consistent with those of previous year.

(ii) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the year. Although these estimates are based on the management's best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes different from the estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized prospectively in the current and future periods.

(iii) Tangible fixed assets

a) Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation/amortization and impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises of the purchase price (net of Convert and VAT credit wherever applicable) and any attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use. Subsequent expenditures related to an item of tangible asset are added to its gross book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.

b) Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with a particular item of Fixed Assets and the use of which is irregular, are capitalized at cost.

c) Fixed assets retired from active use and held for disposal are stated at the lower of their net book value and net realizable value and are disclosed separately under "other current assets".

d) Losses arising from the retirement of, and gains and losses arising from disposal of fixed assets which are carried at cost are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

e) Tangible assets not ready for the intended use on the date of Balance Sheet are disclosed as "Capital work-in-progress". Advances given towards acquisition/construction of fixed assets outstanding at each Balance Sheet date are disclosed as Capital Advances under "Long-term loans and advances".

(iv) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets

a) Depreciation on fixed assets, other than Captive Power Plant related assets (CPP assets), is provided using the straight-line method and on CPP assets using the written-down value method based on their respective estimated useful lives. Estimated useful lives of assets are determined based on technical parameters / assessment

The aforesaid estimated useful lives for computing depreciation is different in following case from the useful life specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013;

Depreciation is calculated on a pro-rata basis from the date of installation till the date the assets are sold or disposed off.

b) Machinery spares which are capitalized, are depreciated over the useful life of the related fixed asset. The written down value of such spares is charged in the Statement of Profit and Loss, on issue for consumption.

c) Leasehold land is amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of lease which is 10 to 99 years.

d) Freehold land used for mining is depreciated on the basis of quantity of minerals actually extracted during the year with respect to the estimated total quantity of extractable mineral reserves.

(v) Intangible assets and amortization

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated amortization and impairment losses if any. Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful economic life. Computer Software cost is amortized over a period of three years using straight-line method.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of intangible assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

(vi) Impairment of assets

The carrying amount of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal / external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset's net selling price and value in use. In assessing the value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset.

After impairment, depreciation / amortization is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life. A previously recognized impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on changes in circumstances. However, the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation / amortization if there was no impairment.

(vii) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition and construction of an asset which takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use, are capitalized as a part of the cost of such assets, until such time the asset is substantially ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs incurred in connection with borrowing of funds.

(viii) Investments

Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments. However, that part of long term investments which are expected to be realized within twelve months from Balance Sheet date is also presented under "Current Investments" under "Current portion of long term investments" in consonance with the current / non-current classification of Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013.

Long term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments. Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual basis.

On disposal of an investment, the difference between the carrying amount and the net disposal proceeds is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(ix) Inventories

Inventories are valued after providing for obsolescence, as follows:

a) Raw Materials, Stores & Spare parts, Packing Material and Fuels

Lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

b) Work-in-progress, Finished goods and Stock-in-Trade

Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost of Stock-in-Trade includes cost of purchase and other cost incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(x) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprise cash in hand, cash at bank, demand deposits with banks and other short-term highly liquid investments / deposits with an original maturity of three months or less.

(xi) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

Sale of goods

Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer. Sales are disclosed net of sales tax / value added tax (VAT), trade discounts and returns, as applicable. Sales exclude self-consumption of cement. Excise duties deducted from turnover (gross) are the amounts that are included in the amount of turnover (gross) and not the entire amount of liability that arose during the year.

Income from services

Revenue from services is recognized (net of service tax, as applicable) pro-rata over the period of the contract as and when services are rendered.

Interest and Dividend Income

Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Dividend income is recognized when the Company's right to receive dividend is established by the Balance Sheet date.

(xii) Government Grants and Subsidies

a) Government grants and subsidies are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the conditions attached to them will be complied, and grant/subsidy will be received.

b) Where the Government grants / subsidies relates to revenue, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Government grants and subsidies receivable against an expense are deducted from such expense.

c) Grants and subsidies receivable against a specific fixed asset is deducted from cost of the relevant fixed asset.

d) Government grants of the nature of promoters' contribution are credited to Capital Reserve and treated as a part of shareholders' funds.

(xiii) Leases

Where the Company is the lessee

Leases where the less or effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Where the Company is the less or

Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(xiv) Foreign currency transactions

Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transactions. Foreign currency monetary items are subsequently reported using the closing rate. Non- monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Company's monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

(xv) Retirement and other employee benefits

a) Short term employee benefits

Short term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year in which the related service is rendered.

b) Defined contribution plans

The Company's Officer's Superannuation Fund scheme, state governed provident fund scheme, employee state insurance scheme and Labour Welfare Fund scheme are considered as defined contribution plans. The contribution under the schemes is recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss, when an employee renders the related service. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective funds.

c) Defined benefit plans

The Company's Gratuity fund scheme, additional gratuity scheme and post employment benefit scheme are considered as defined benefit plans. The Company's liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method as at Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains /losses are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

In respect of certain employees, provident fund contributions are made to a trust administered by the Company. Periodic contributions to the Fund are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. The Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investment of the trust and interest rate notified by the Government of India.

d) Other long term benefits

Silver jubilee and long service awards and accumulated compensated absences which are expected to be availed or encased beyond 12 months from the end of the year, are treated as other long term employee benefits for measurement purposes. The Company's liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method as at Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains /losses are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

e) Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encased within 12 months from the end of the year are treated as short term employee benefits. The company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

f) For the purpose of presentation of Defined benefit plans and other long term benefits, the allocation between short term and long term provisions has been made as determined by an actuary. The Company presents the entire compensated absences as a short term provisions, since employee has an unconditional right to avail the leave at any time during the year.

g) Expenses incurred towards voluntary retirement scheme are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when accrue.

(xvi) Income taxes

Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax and includes any adjustments related to past periods in current and / or deferred tax adjustments that may become necessary due to certain developments or reviews during the relevant period. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of current year's timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date. The Company write- down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

(xvii) Provisions and contingent liabilities

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events, if it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

Contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

(xviii) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(xix) Mines Restoration Expenditure

The Company provides for the estimated expenditure required to restore quarries and mines. The total estimate of restoration expenses is apportioned over the estimate of mineral reserves and a provision is made based on minerals extracted during the year. Mines restoration expenses is incurred on an ongoing basis and until the closure of the quarries and mines. The actual expenses may vary based on the nature of restoration and the estimate of restoration expenditure. The total estimate of restoration expenses is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates.

(xx) Classification of Current / Non Current Assets and Liabilities

All assets and liabilities are presented as Current or Non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of Current / Noncurrent classification of assets and liabilities.

(xxi) Segment Reporting

Identification of segments

The Company's operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

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Dec 31, 2014

(i) Basis of preparation

a) The financial statements of the Company have been prepared and presented in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP) under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis. The Company has prepared these financial statements to comply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 read with General Circular 8/2014 dated April 04, 2014, issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.

b) The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of financial statements are consistent with those of previous year.

(ii) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the year. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes different from the estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in the current and future periods.

(iii) Tangible Fixed assets

a) Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation / amortisation and impairment losses.

b) Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with a particular item of Fixed Assets and the use of which is irregular, are capitalized at cost.

c) Fixed assets retired from active use and held for disposal are stated at the lower of their net book value and net realisable value and are disclosed separately.

d) Losses arising from the retirement of, and gains and losses arising from disposal of fixed assets which are carried at cost are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

e) Tangible assets not ready for the intended use on the date of Balance Sheet are disclosed as "Capital work-in-progress".

(iv) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets

a) Depreciation on fixed assets, other than Captive Power Plant related assets consisting of Buildings, Plant and Equipment (CPP assets), is provided using the straight-line method and on CPP assets using the written-down value method at the rates prescribed in schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 or based on the useful lives of the assets as estimated by management, whichever is higher. The depreciation on the following assets is provided at higher rates as compared to schedule XIV rates:

Assets Useful Life

Transit Mixers 8 Years

Concrete Pumps 6 Years

Depreciation is calculated on a pro-rata basis from the date of installation till the date the assets are sold or disposed off.

b) Machinery spares which are capitalised, are depreciated over the useful life of the related fixed asset. The written down value of such spares is charged in the Statement of Profit and Loss, on issue for consumption.

c) Leasehold land is amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of lease.

d) Freehold land used for mining is depreciated on the basis of quantity of minerals actually extracted during the year with respect to the estimated total quantity of extractable mineral reserves.

(v) Intangible Assets and Amortisation

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses if any. Intangible assets are amortised over their estimated useful economic life. Computer Software cost is amortised over a period of three years using straight-line method.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

(vi) Impairment of assets

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal / external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing the value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset. Previously recognized impairment loss is further provided or reversed depending on changes in circumstances.

(vii) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition and construction of an asset which takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use, are capitalised as a part of the cost of such assets, until such time the asset is substantially ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period they occur.

Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs incurred in connection with borrowing of funds.

(viii) Investments

Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.

Long term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments. Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual basis.

(ix) Inventories

Inventories are valued after providing for obsolescence, as follows:

a) Raw Materials, Stores & Spare parts, Packing Material and Fuels

Lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

b) Work-in-progress, Finished goods and Stock-in-Trade

Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(x) Cash and Cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprise cash in hand, cash at bank, demand deposits with banks and other short-term highly liquid investments / deposits with an original maturity of three months or less.

(xi) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

Sale of goods

Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer. Sales are disclosed net of sales tax / VAT, trade discounts and returns, as applicable. Excise duties deducted from turnover (gross) are the amounts that are included in the amount of turnover (gross) and not the entire amount of liability that arose during the year.

Income from services

Revenue from services is recognised pro-rata over the period of the contract as and when services are rendered.

Interest and Dividend Income

Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Dividend income is recognised when the Company''s right to receive dividend is established by the Balance Sheet date.

(xii) Government Grants and Subsidies

a) Government Grants and subsidies are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the conditions attached to them will be complied, and grant/subsidy will be received.

b) Government grants and subsidies receivable against an expense are deducted from such expense and subsidy/grant receivable against a specific fixed asset is deducted from cost of the relevant fixed asset.

c) Government grants of the nature of promoters'' contribution are credited to Capital Reserve and treated as a part of shareholders'' funds.

(xiii) Leases

Where the Company is the lessee

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Where the Company is the lessor

Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(xiv) Foreign currency transactions

Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transactions. Foreign currency monetary items are subsequently reported using the closing rate. Non- monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

(xv) Employee benefits

a) Short term employee benefits

Short term employee benefits are recognised as an expense on accrual basis.

b) Defined contribution plans

The Company''s Officer''s Superannuation Fund scheme, state governed provident fund scheme, employee state insurance scheme and Labour Welfare Fund scheme are considered as defined contribution plans. The contribution under the schemes is recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss, when an employee renders the related service. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective funds.

c) Defined benefit plans

The Company''s Gratuity fund scheme, additional gratuity scheme, provident fund scheme managed by trust and post employment benefit scheme are considered as defined benefit plans. The Company''s liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method as at Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains / losses are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

d) Other long term benefits

Silver jubilee and long service awards and accumulated compensated absences which are expected to be availed or encashed beyond 12 months from the end of the year, are treated as other long term employee benefits for measurement purposes. The Company''s liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method as at Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains / losses are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

e) Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed within 12 months from the end of the year are treated as short term employee benefits. The company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

f) For the purpose of presentation of Defined benefit plans and other long term benefits, the allocation between short term and long term provisions has been made as determined by an actuary. The Company presents the entire compensated absences as a short term provisions, since employee has an unconditional right to avail the leave at any time during the year.

g) Expenses incurred towards voluntary retirement scheme are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.

(xvi) Income taxes

Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax and includes any adjustments related to past periods in current and / or deferred tax adjustments that may become necessary due to certain developments or reviews during the relevant period. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of current year''s timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date. The Company writes- down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

(xvii) Provisions and contingent liabilities

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events, if it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date.

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

(xviii) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(xix) Mines Restoration Expenditure

The Company provides for the estimated expenditure required to restore quarries and mines. The total estimate of restoration expenses is apportioned over the estimate of mineral reserves and a provision is made based on minerals extracted during the year.

Mines restoration expenses is incurred on an on going basis and until the closure of the quarries and mines. The actual expenses may vary based on the nature of restoration and the estimate of restoration expenditure.

The total estimate of restoration expenses is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates.

(xx) Classification of Current / Non Current Assets and Liabilities

All assets and liabilities are presented as Current or Non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Revised Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of Current / Non current classification of assets and liabilities.

(xxi) Segment Reporting

Identification of segments

The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

Allocation of common costs

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.

Unallocated items

Includes general corporate income and expense items which are not allocated to any business segment.

Segment Policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

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Dec 31, 2013

(i) Basis of preparation

a) The financial statements of the Company have been prepared and presented in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP) under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis. The Company has prepared these financial statements to comply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 read with General Circular 15/2013 dated 13 September 2013, issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, in respect of Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013.

b) The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of financial statements are consistent with those of previous year.

(ii) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the year. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes different from the estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in the current and future periods.

(iii) Tangible Fixed assets

a) Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation / amortisation and impairment losses.

b) Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with a particular item of Fixed Assets and the use of which is irregular, are capitalized at cost.

c) Fixed assets retired from active use and held for disposal are stated at the lower of their net book value and net realisable value and are disclosed separately.

d) Losses arising from the retirement of, and gains and losses arising from disposal of fixed assets which are carried at cost are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

e) Tangible assets not ready for the intended use on the date of Balance Sheet are disclosed as "Capital work-in-progress".

(iv) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets

a) Depreciation on fixed assets other than Captive Power Plant related assets consisting of Buildings, Plant and Equipment (CPP assets), is provided using the straight-line method and on CPP assets using the written-down value method at the rates prescribed in schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 or based on the useful lives of the assets as estimated by management, whichever is higher. The depreciation on the following assets is provided at higher rates as compared to schedule XIV rates:

Depreciation is calculated on a pro-rata basis from the date of installation till the date the assets are sold or disposed off.

b) Machinery spares which are capitalised, are depreciated over the useful life of the related fixed asset. The written down value of such spares is charged in the Statement of Profit and Loss, on issue for consumption.

c) Leasehold land is amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of lease.

d) Freehold land used for mining is depreciated on the basis of quantity of minerals actually extracted during the year with respect to the estimated total quantity of extractable mineral reserves.

(v) Intangible Assets and Amortisation

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses if any. Intangible assets are amortised over their estimated useful economic life. Computer Software cost is amortised over a period of three years using straight-line method.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

(vi) Impairment of assets

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal / external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing the value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset. Previously recognized impairment loss is further provided or reversed depending on changes in circumstances.

(vii) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition and construction of an asset which takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use, are capitalised as a part of the cost of such assets, until such time the asset is substantially ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period they occur.

Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs incurred in connection with borrowing of funds.

(viii) Investments

Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.

Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments. Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and fair value.

(ix) Inventories

Inventories are valued after providing for obsolescence, as follows:

a) Raw Materials, Stores & Spare parts, Packing Material and Fuels

Lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

b) Work-in-progress, Finished goods and Stock-in-Trade

Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(x) Cash and Cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprise cash in hand, demand deposits with banks and other short-term highly liquid investments / deposits with an original maturity of three months or less.

(xi) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

Sale of goods

Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer. Sales are disclosed net of sales tax / VAT, trade discounts and returns, as applicable. Excise duties deducted from turnover (gross) are the amounts that are included in the amount of turnover (gross) and not the entire amount of liability that arose during the year.

Income from services

Revenue from services is recognised pro-rata over the period of the contract as and when services are rendered.

Interest and Dividend Income

Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Dividend income is recognised when the Company''s right to receive dividend is established by the Balance Sheet date.

(xii) Accounting of Claims

a) Claims receivable are accounted at the time when such income has been earned by the Company depending on the certainty of receipts. Claims payable are accounted at the time of acceptance.

b) Claims raised by Government Authorities regarding taxes and duties, which are disputed by the Company, are accounted based on the merits of each claim.

(xiii) Government Grants and Subsidies

a) Government Grants and subsidies are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the conditions attached to them will be complied, and grant/subsidy will be received.

b) Government grants and subsidies receivable against an expense are deducted from such expense and subsidy/grant receivable against a specific fixed asset is deducted from cost of the relevant fixed asset.

c) Government grants of the nature of promoters'' contribution are credited to Capital Reserve and treated as a part of shareholders'' funds.

(xiv) Leases

Where the Company is the lessee

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Where the Company is the lessor

Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(xv) Research and development

Expenditure on Research phase is recognised as an expense when it is incurred. Expenditure on development phase which results in creation of assets is included in Fixed Assets.

(xvi) Foreign currency transactions

Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transactions. Foreign currency monetary items are subsequently reported using the closing rate. Non- monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

(xvii) Employee benefits

a) Short term employee benefits

Short term employee benefits are recognised as an expense on accrual basis.

b) Defined contribution plans

The Company''s Officer''s Superannuation Fund scheme, state governed provident fund scheme, employee state insurance scheme and Labor Welfare Fund scheme are considered as defined contribution plans. The contribution under the schemes is recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss, as they are incurred. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective funds.

c) Defined benefit plans

The Company''s Gratuity fund scheme, additional gratuity scheme, provident fund scheme managed by trust and post employment benefit scheme are considered as defined benefit plans. The Company''s liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method as at Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains / losses are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

d) Other long term benefits

Silver jubilee and long service awards and accumulated compensated absences which are expected to be availed or encased beyond 12 months from the end of the year, are treated as other long term employee benefits. The Company''s liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method as at Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains / losses are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

e) Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encased within 12 months from the end of the year are treated as short term employee benefits. These are provided based on past experience of leave availed.

f) For the purpose of presentation of Defined benefit plans and other long term benefits, the allocation between short term and long term provisions has been made as determined by an actuary. The Company presents the entire compensated absences as a short term provisions, since employee has an unconditional right to avail the leave at any time during the year.

g) Expenses incurred towards voluntary retirement scheme are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.

(xviii) Income taxes

Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax and includes any adjustments related to past periods in current and / or deferred tax adjustments that may become necessary due to certain developments or reviews during the relevant period. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961.

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of current year''s timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date. The Company writes- down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

(xix) Provisions and contingent liabilities

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events, if it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date.

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

(xx) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(xxi) Mines Restoration Expenditure

The Company provides for the estimated expenditure required to restore quarries and mines. The total estimate of restoration expenses is apportioned over the estimate of mineral reserves and a provision is made based on minerals extracted during the year.

Mines restoration expenses is incurred on an on going basis and until the closure of the quarries and mines. The actual expenses may vary based on the nature of restoration and the estimate of restoration expenditure.

The total estimate of restoration expenses is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates.

(xxii) Classification of Current / Non Current Assets and Liabilities

All assets and liabilities are presented as Current or Non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Revised Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of Current / Noncurrent classification of assets and liabilities.

(xxiii) Segment Reporting Identification of segments

The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

Allocation of common costs

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.

Unallocated items

Includes general corporate income and expense items which are not allocated to any business segment. Segment Policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

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Dec 31, 2012

(i) Basis of preparation

a) The financial statements of the Company have been prepared and presented in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP) under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis. The Company has prepared these financial statements to comply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

b) During the year ended December 31, 2012, the revised Schedule VI notified under the Companies Act, 1956, has become applicable to the company, for preparation and presentation of its financial statements. The adoption of revised Schedule VI does not impact recognition and measurement principles followed for preparation of financial statements. However, it has significant impact on presentation and disclosures made in the financial statements. The company has also reclassified the previous year figures in accordance with the requirements applicable in the current year.

c) The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of financial statements are consistent with those of previous year, except for the change in accounting policy explained below.

(ii) Change in accounting policy

Effective January 01, 2012, the Company has with retrospective effect changed its method of providing depreciation on fixed assets related to Captive Power Plants from the ''Straight Line'' method to the ''Written Down Value'' method, at the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Management believes that this change will result in more appropriate presentation and will give a systematic basis of depreciation charge, representative of the time pattern in which the economic benefits will be derived from the use of these assets. Accordingly, the Company has recognized an additional depreciation charge of Rs. 364.08 Crore out of which the amount relating to the period upto December 31, 2011 of Rs. 335.38 Crore has been disclosed as an exceptional item.

Had the Company continued to use the earlier method of depreciation, the profit after tax for the current year would have been higher by Rs. 245.95 Crore.

(iii) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the year. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes different from the estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in the current and future periods.

(iv) Tangible Fixed assets

a) Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation / amortisation and impairment losses if any.

b) Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with a particular item of Fixed Assets and the use of which is irregular, are capitalized at cost.

c) Fixed assets retired from active use and held for disposal are stated at the lower of their net book value and net realisable value and are disclosed separately.

d) Losses arising from the retirement of, and gains and losses arising from disposal of fixed assets which are carried at cost are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

e) Tangible assets not ready for the intended use on the date of Balance Sheet are disclosed as "Capital work-in-progress".

(v) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets

a) Depreciation on fixed assets other than Captive Power Plant related assets consisting of Buildings, Plant and Equipment (CPP assets), is provided using the straight-line method and on CPP assets using the written-down value method at the rates prescribed in schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 or based on the useful lives of the assets as estimated by management, whichever is higher. The depreciation on the following assets is provided at higher rates as compared to schedule XIV rates:

Depreciation is calculated on a pro-rata basis from the date of installation till the date the assets are sold or disposed off.

b) Machinery spares which are capitalised, are depreciated over the useful life of the related fixed asset. The written down value of such spares is charged in the Statement of Profit and Loss, on issue for consumption.

c) Leasehold land is amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of lease.

d) Freehold land used for mining is depreciated on the basis of quantity of minerals actually extracted during the year with respect to the estimated total quantity of extractable mineral reserves.

(vi) Intangible Assets and Amortisation

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses if any. Intangible assets are amortised over their estimated useful economic life as follows:

a) Computer Software cost is amortised over a period of three years using straight-line method.

b) Costs incurred to gain access to mineral reserves are capitalised and amortised over the life of the freehold land used for mining, which is based on the estimated quantity of minerals to be extracted.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

(vii) Impairment of assets

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal / external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing the value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset. Previously recognized impairment loss is further provided or reversed depending on changes in circumstances.

(viii) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition and construction of an asset which takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use, are capitalised as a part of the cost of such assets, until such time the asset is substantially ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period they occur.

Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs incurred in connection with borrowing of funds.

(ix) Investments

Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.

Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments. Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and fair value.

(x) Inventories

Inventories are valued after providing for obsolescence, as follows:

a) Raw Materials, Stores & Spare parts, Packing Material and Fuels

Lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

b) Work-in-progress, Finished goods and Stock-in-Trade

Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(xi) Cash and Cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprise cash in hand, demand deposits with banks and other short-term highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

(xii) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

Sale of goods

Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer. Sales are disclosed net of sales tax / VAT, trade discounts and returns, as applicable. Excise duties deducted from turnover (gross) are the amounts that are included in the amount of turnover (gross) and not the entire amount of liability that arose during the year.

Income from services

Revenue from services is recognised pro-rata over the period of the contract as and when services are rendered.

Interest and Dividend Income

Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Dividend income is recognised when the Company''s right to receive dividend is established by the Balance Sheet date.

(xiii) Accounting of Claims

a) Claims receivable are accounted at the time when such income has been earned by the Company depending on the certainty of receipts. Claims payable are accounted at the time of acceptance.

b) Claims raised by Government Authorities regarding taxes and duties, which are disputed by the Company, are accounted based on the merits of each claim.

(xiv) Government Grants and Subsidies

a) Government Grants and subsidies are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the conditions attached to them will be complied, and grant/subsidy will be received.

b) Government grants and subsidies receivable against an expense are deducted from such expense and subsidy/grant receivable against a specific fixed asset is deducted from cost of the relevant fixed asset.

c) Government grants of the nature of promoters'' contribution are credited to Capital Reserve and treated as a part of shareholders'' funds.

(xv) Operating Lease

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(xvi) Research and development

Expenditure on Research phase is recognised as an expense when it is incurred. Expenditure on development phase which results in creation of assets is included in Fixed Assets.

(xvii) Foreign currency transactions

Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transactions. Foreign currency monetary items are subsequently reported using the closing rate. Non- monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise. The financial statements of an integral foreign operation are translated as if the transactions of the foreign operation have been those of the Company itself.

Derivative Instruments

The premium or the discount on forward exchange contracts not intended for trading or speculation purpose is amortized as expense or income over the life of the contract. Any profit and loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such a forward exchange contract are recognised as income or as expense for the period.

As per the announcement of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, accounting for derivative contracts, other than those covered under AS - 11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis, and the net loss after considering the offsetting effect on the underlying hedge item is charged in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Net gains are ignored.

(xviii) Employee benefits

a) Defined contribution plans

The Company''s Officer''s Superannuation Fund scheme, state governed provident fund scheme, employee state insurance scheme and Labour Welfare Fund scheme are considered as defined contribution plans. The contribution under the schemes is recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss, as they are incurred. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective funds.

b) Defined benefit plans

The Company''s Gratuity fund scheme, additional gratuity scheme, provident fund scheme managed by trust and post employment benefit scheme are considered as defined benefit plans. The Company''s liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method as at Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains / losses are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

c) Other long term benefits

Silver jubilee and long service awards and accumulated compensated absences which are expected to be availed or encashed beyond 12 months from the end of the year, are treated as other long term employee benefits. The Company''s liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method as at Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains / losses are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

d) Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed within 12 months from the end of the year are treated as short term employee benefits. These are provided based on past experience of leave availed.

e) For the purpose of presentation of Defined benefit plans and other long term benefits, the allocation between short term and long term provisions has been made as determined by an actuary.

f) Expenses incurred towards voluntary retirement scheme are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.

(xix) Income taxes

Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax and includes any adjustments related to past periods in current and / or deferred tax adjustments that may become necessary due to certain developments or reviews during the relevant period. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961.

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of current year''s timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date. The Company writes- down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

(xx) Provisions and contingent liabilities

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date.

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

(xxi) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(xxii) Mines Restoration Expenditure

The Company provides for the estimated expenditure required to restore quarries and mines. The initial recognition of the provision for mines restoration cost comprises of the estimated costs for restoration caused by operations necessary before the raw materials can be exploited. Actual payments for restoration are charged directly against the provision. The present obligation is revised annually based on technical estimates by internal or external specialists.

(xxiii)Current / Non-Current

All assets and liabilities are presented as Current or Non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Revised Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of Current / Non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

(xxiv) Segment Reporting Identification of segments

The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

Allocation of common costs

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.

Unallocated items

Includes general corporate income and expense items which are not allocated to any business segment. Segment Policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

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Dec 31, 2010

(i) Fixed Assets

a) Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation / amortisation and impairment losses if any.

b) Advances paid towards the acquisition of fixed assets outstanding at each Balance Sheet date and the cost of fixed assets not ready for their intended use before such date are disclosed under Capital Work-in-Progress.

c) Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with a particular item of Fixed Assets and the use of which is irregular, are capitalized at cost net of Cenvat and are depreciated over the remaining useful life of the related asset. The written down value of such spares is charged to the Profit and Loss Account, on issue for consumption.

d) Fixed assets held for disposal are stated at the lower of net book value and net realisable value.

(ii) Depreciation and Amortisation

a) Depreciation on fixed assets is provided using the straight-line method at the rates prescribed in schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 or based on the useful lives of the assets as estimated by Management, whichever is higher. Depreciation is calculated on a pro-rata basis from the date of installation till the date the assets are sold or disposed off.

b) Cost of leasehold land is amortised over the period of the lease.

c) In respect of quarry freehold land, amortisation reserve is created by amortising the cost over the number of years of the mining rights of the quarries.

d) Capital assets whose ownership does not vest in the Company have been depreciated over the period of five years.

(iii) Impairment

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal / external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In assessing the value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to the present value at the weighted average cost of capital. Previously recognized impairment loss is further provided or reversed depending on changes in circumstances.

(iv) Intangible Assets

a) Computer Software cost is amortised over a period of three years using straight-line method.

b) Costs incurred to gain access to mineral reserves are capitalised and depreciated over the life of the quarry, which is based on the estimated tonnes of raw materials to be extracted from the reserves.

(v) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other cost that an entity incurs in connection with borrowing of funds.

(vi) Expenditure during construction period

In case of new projects and substantial expansion of existing factories, expenditure incurred including trial production expenses net of revenue earned, prior to commencement of commercial production are capitalised.

(vii) Investments

Current investments are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. Long term investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of long term investments is made only if such a decline is other than temporary.

(viii) Inventories

Inventories are valued as follows:

a) Raw Materials, Stores & Spare Parts, Packing Material and Fuels

Lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

b) Work-in-progress and Finished goods

Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Obsolete, defective and unserviceable inventories are duly provided for.

(ix) Cash and Cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of Cash Flow Statement comprise cash at bank, in hand (including cheques in hand) and short term investment with an original maturity of three months or less.

(x) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

Sale of Products and Services

a) Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer. Excise duties deducted from turnover (gross) are the amounts that are included in the amount of turnover (gross) and not the entire amount of liability that arose during the year. Excise duties in respect of finished goods are shown separately as an item of Manufacturing Expenses and included in the valuation of finished goods.

b) Revenue from services is recognised pro-rata over the period of the contract as and when services are rendered.

Interest and Dividend Income

Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders right to receive dividend is established by the Balance Sheet date.

(xi) Accounting of Claims

a) Claims receivable are accounted at the time when such income has been earned by the Company depending on the certainty of receipts. Claims payable are accounted at the time of acceptance.

b) Claims raised by Government Authorities regarding taxes and duties, which are disputed by the Company, are accounted based on the merits of each claim.

(xii) Government Grant and Subsidies

a) Subsidy receivable against an expense is deducted from such expense and subsidy / grant receivable against a specific fixed asset is deducted from cost of the relevant fixed asset.

b) Investment subsidy not specifically related to a fixed asset is credited to Capital Reserve and retained till the requisite conditions are fulfilled.

c) Sales include the amount of Sales Tax / VAT refunds received / due in accordance with incentive schemes.

(xiii) Debenture / Share issue expenses and premium payable on Debentures are adjusted in the year of incurrence against the Securities Premium Account as permitted by Section 78(2) of the Companies Act, 1956.

(xiv) Operating Lease

Where the Company is the lessee

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(xv) Research and development

Expenditure on research phase is recognised as an expense when it is incurred. Expenditure on development phase which results in creation of assets is included in fixed assets.

(xvi) Foreign currency transactions

Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transactions. Foreign currency monetary items are subsequently reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Companys monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or expenses in the year in which they arise.

The financial statements of an integral foreign operation are translated as if the transactions of the foreign operation have been those of the Company itself.

Derivative Instruments

As per Accounting Standard (AS) 11 – ‘The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates the premium or the discount on forward exchange contracts not relating to firm commitments or highly probable forecast transactions and not intended for trading or speculation purpose is amortized as expense or income over the life of the contract.

As per the ICAI Announcement, accounting for derivative contracts, other than those covered under AS – 11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis, and the net loss after considering the offsetting effect on the underlying hedge item is charged to the income statement. Net gains are ignored.

(xvii) Employee benefits

a) Defined Contribution Plan

Contribution to Officers Superannuation Fund, ESIC and Labour Welfare Fund are recognised as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account, as they are incurred. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective trusts.

b) Defined Benefit Plan and Other Long Term Benefits

Retirement benefits in the form of gratuity, additional gratuity, provident fund, post retirement medical benefit schemes, medical benefits under voluntary retirement scheme and other long term benefits in the form of leave encashment, silver jubilee and long service awards are determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method as at Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains / losses are recognized immediately in the Profit and Loss Account.

c) Short term compensated absences are provided based on past experience of leave availed.

d) Payments made under the Voluntary Retirement Scheme are charged to the Profit and Loss Account immediately.

(xviii) Employees Stock Option Scheme

The intrinsic value of option granted under Employees Stock Option Schemes is written off over the vesting period.

(xix) Income taxes

Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961 enacted in India.

Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

(xx) Contingencies / Provisions

A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefit will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. A contingent liability is disclosed, unless the possibility of an outflow of resources embodying the economic benefit is remote.

(xxi) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(xxii) Mines Restoration Expenditure

The Company provides for the estimated expenditure required to restore quarries and mines. The initial recognition of the provision for mines restoration cost comprises of the estimated costs for restoration caused by operations necessary before the raw materials can be exploited. Actual payments for restoration are charged directly against the provision. The present obligation is revised annually based on technical estimates by internal or external specialists.