Accounting Policies of Ajanta Pharma Ltd. Company
Mar 31, 2023
1. CORPORATE INFORMATION
Ajanta Pharma Limited ("the Company") is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in India. Its shares are listed on Bombay Stock Exchanges and National Stock Exchange. The Registered office of the Company is located at Ajanta House, Charkop, Kandivali (West), Mumbai.
The Company is primarily involved in development, manufacturing and marketing of speciality pharmaceutical finished dosages.
2. BASIS OF PREPARATION Statement of Compliance:
These standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared in all material aspects in accordance with the recognition and measurement principles laid down in Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as the ''Ind AS'') as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (''The Act'') read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended and other relevant provisions of the Act and accounting principles generally accepted in India. These standalone financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the historical cost basis, except otherwise stated.
The standalone financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2023 have been reviewed by the Audit Committee and subsequently approved by the Board of Directors at its meeting held on 05 May 2023.
Use of estimates and judgements:
The preparation of standalone financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses and the disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates and under lying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in current and future periods.
The areas involving estimates or judgements are as follows:
Property, plant and equipment:
Useful lives of tangible assets are based on the life prescribed in Schedule II of the Act. In cases, where the useful lives are different from that prescribed in Schedule II, they are based on technical advice, taking into account the nature of the asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating conditions of the
asset, past history of replacement, anticipated technological changes, manufacturers'' warranties and maintenance support.
Recognition and measurement of defined benefit obligations:
The obligation arising from the defined benefit plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation. Key actuarial assumptions include discount rate, trends in salary escalation and vested future benefits and life expectancy. The discount rate is determined with reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on the government bonds. The period to maturity of the underlying bonds correspond to the probable maturity of the post-employment benefit obligations.
Intangible assets majorly consist software licences which are amortised over licence period which equates the economic useful life ranging between 2-5 years on a straight-line basis over the period of its economic useful life.
Allowance for uncollected accounts receivable and advances:
Trade receivables do not carry any interest and are stated at their normal value as reduced by appropriate allowances for estimated irrecoverable amounts. Individual trade receivables are written off when management seems them not collectible. Impairment is made using expected credit loss model.
The impairment provisions for financial assets are based on assumption about risk of default and expected loss rates. Judgement in making these assumption and selecting the inputs to the impairment calculation are based on past history, existing market condition as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting period.
Management reviews the inventory age listing on a periodic basis. The review involves comparison of the carrying value of the aged inventory items. The purpose is to ascertain whether an allowance is required to be made in the standalone financial statement for any obsolete and slow-moving items. Management is satisfied that adequate allowance for obsolete and slow-moving inventories has been made in the financial statements.
Management also reviews net realisable value for all its inventory and is satisfied that adequate allowance has been made in the financial statements.
Management judgement is required for estimating the possible outflow of resources, if any, in respect of contingencies/ claim/ litigations against the Company as it is not possible to predict the outcome of pending matters with accuracy.
An impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit (''CGU'') exceeds its recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. The value in use calculation is based on a discounted cash flow model. In calculating the value in use, certain assumptions are required to be made in respect of highly uncertain matters, including management''s expectations of growth in EBITDA, long-term growth rates; and the selection of discount rates to reflect the risks involved.
3. FUNCTIONAL AND PRESENTATION CURRENCY
The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (''INR'' or ''Rupees'' or ''Rs.'' or ''H'') which is the functional currency for the Company.
All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest Crore.
5. CURRENT/NON-CURRENT CLASSIFICATION
An entity shall classify an asset as current when -
(a) it expects to realise the asset, or intends to sell or consume it, in its normal operating cycle;
(b) it holds the asset primarily for the purpose of trading;
(c) it expects to realise the asset within twelve months after the reporting period; or
(d) the asset is cash or a cash equivalent unless the asset is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
An entity shall classify all other assets as non-current. An entity shall classify a liability as current when -
(a) it expects to settle the liability in its normal operating cycle;
(b) it holds the liability primarily for the purpose of trading;
(c) the liability is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period; or
(d) it does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months
after the reporting period. Terms of a liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification.
An entity shall classify all other liabilities as non-current.
An operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents.
Based on the nature of products/activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has determined its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities as current and non-current.
6. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES6.1 Property, Plant and Equipment
Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any.
Cost includes purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalisation criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.
Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for longterm construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates these components separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the statement of profit or loss as incurred.
Capital work-in-progress in respect of assets which are not ready for their intended use are carried at cost, comprising of direct costs, related incidental expenses and attributable interest.
All identifiable revenue expenses including interest incurred in respect of various projects/expansion, net of income earned during the project development stage prior to its intended use, are considered as pre-operative expenses and disclosed under Capital Work-in-Progress.
Capital expenditure on Property, plant and equipment for research and development is classified under property, plant and equipment and is depreciated on the same basis as other property, plant and equipment.
Property, plant and equipment are derecognised either on disposal or when the asset retires from active use. Losses arising in the case of the retirement of property, plant and equipment and gains or losses arising from disposal of property, plant and equipment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the year of occurrence.
Depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less its estimated residual value. Depreciation on Property, Plant and Equipment is provided on straight-line method, over the useful life of the assets, as specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 except few assets like Dies & Punches having useful life of 3 years as per technical evaluation and management estimate and Solar Plants having useful life of 25 years. Property, plant and equipment which are added/disposed off during the year, depreciation is provided on pro rata basis. Building constructed on leasehold land are depreciated based on the useful life specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, where the lease period of the land is beyond the life of the building. In other cases, building constructed on leasehold land are amortised over the primary lease period of the land.
The assets'' residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
An asset''s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset''s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount. Advances given towards acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date are disclosed as Capital Advance under Other non-current assets.
Intangible assets are recognised when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the Company and the cost of the assets can be measured reliably.
Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangibles, excluding development costs as defined in Ind AS, are not capitalised and the related expenditure is reflected in Statement of profit and loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.
Software is amortised over their estimated useful life on straight-line basis from the date they are available for intended use or the period of the license as applicable, subject to impairment test.
The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible assets with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period.
Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the assets is derecognised.
Research and Development
Revenue expenditure on research is recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which it is incurred.
Development expenditure incurred on an individual project is carried forward when its future recoverability can reasonably be regarded as assured. Any expenditure carried forward is amortised over the period of expected future sales from the related project. The carrying value of development costs is reviewed for impairment annually when the asset is not yet in use, and otherwise when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.
Investment property is property held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes. Upon initial recognition, an investment property is measured at cost. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment property is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
The Company depreciates investment property using the following useful lives from the date of original purchase.
|
Investment |
Management estimate |
Useful life as per |
|
Property |
of useful life |
Schedule II |
|
Building |
21 years |
30 and 60 years |
Any gain or loss on disposal of an investment property is recognised in profit or loss.
The fair values of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair values are determined on the basis of valuation done by registered valuer.
Impairment on non-financial assets
The Company''s non-financial assets other than inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset''s recoverable amount is estimated.
For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows (i.e. corporate assets) are grouped together into cash-generating units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.
The recoverable amount of a CGU is the higher of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the CGU.
An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment loss recognised in respect of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amounts of the assets of the CGU (or group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.
An impairment loss in respect of assets for which impairment loss has been recognised in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the asset''s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.
The following intangible assets are tested for impairment each financial year even if there is no indication that the asset is impaired:
i) An intangible asset that is not yet available for use; and
ii) An intangible asset that is amortised over a period exceeding ten years from the date when the asset is available for use.
6.4 Non-current assets classified as held for sale
Assets are classified as held for sale and stated at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell if the asset is available for immediate sale and its sale is highly probable. Such assets or group of assets are presented separately in the Balance Sheet as "Assets Classified as Held for Sale". Once classified as held for sale, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are no longer amortised or depreciated.
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial Assets:
Classification:
The Company classifies financial assets as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss, on the basis of its business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.
Initial recognition and measurement:
All financial assets (not measured subsequently at fair value through profit or loss) are recognised initially at fair value plus transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
Subsequent measurement:
For the purpose of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in two broad categories:
⢠Financial assets at fair value (FVTPL/FVTOCI)
⢠Financial assets at amortised cost
When assets are measured at fair value, gains and losses are either recognised in the statement of profit and loss (i.e. fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)), or recognised in other comprehensive income (i.e. fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI)).
Financial Assets measured at amortised cost (net of write down for impairment, if any):
Financial assets are measured at amortised cost when asset is held within a business model, whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows and contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest. Such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method less impairment, if any. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.
Financial Assets measured at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income ("FVTOCI"):
Financial assets under this category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value, when asset is held within a business model, whose objective is to hold assets for both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets. Fair value movements are recognised in the other comprehensive income.
Financial Assets measured at Fair Value through Profit or Loss ("FVTPL"):
Financial assets under this category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value with all changes recognised in profit or loss.
Investment in Subsidiary:
Investment in equity instruments of Subsidiaries are measured at cost. In the financial statements, investment in subsidiaries is carried at cost. The carrying amount is reduced to recognise any impairment in the value of investment.
Investment in Equity Instruments:
Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. Fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in profit or loss.
Investment in Debt Instruments:
A debt instrument is measured at amortised cost or at FVTOCI. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorisation as at amortised cost or as FVOCI, is classified as at FVTPL. Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.
Derecognition of Financial Assets:
A financial asset is primarily derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired or the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset.
Impairment of Financial Assets:
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the financial assets that are debt instruments and trade receivables.
Financial Liabilities:
Classification:
The Company classifies all financial liabilities as subsequently measured at amortised cost or FVTPL.
Initial recognition and measurement:
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans, borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
Financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts and derivative financial instruments.
Subsequent measurement:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised
cost using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through EIR amortisation process. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Derecognition of Financial Liabilities:
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Derivative Financial Instrument:
The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to mitigate its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any changes therein are generally recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Raw materials and packing materials are valued at lower of cost (on moving weighted average basis) and the net realisable value, cost of which includes duties and taxes (net off CENVAT and Goods and Service Tax wherever applicable). Cost of imported raw materials and packing materials lying in bonded warehouse includes the amount of customs duty. Finished products including traded goods and work-in-progress are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value.
The cost of finished goods and work-in-progress have been computed to include all cost of purchases, cost of conversion, appropriate share of fixed production overheads based on normal operating capacity and other related cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses necessary to make the sale.
Slow and non-moving material, products nearing expiry, defective inventory are fully provided for and valued at net realisable value.
Goods and materials in transit are valued at actual cost incurred up to the date of balance sheet. Materials and other items held for use in production of inventories are not written down, if the finished products in which they will be used are expected to be sold at or above cost.
Consumables and other materials procured for R&D purpose are charged off when acquired.
Cash and Cash Equivalents comprise of cash on hand and cash at bank including fixed deposit/highly liquid investments with original maturity period of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, as they are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management.
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flow from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.
6.9 Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the Company''s functional currency at the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate at the reporting date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured based on historical cost in a foreign currency are not translated. Foreign currency exchange differences are generally recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different from those at which they were translated on initial recognition during the period or in previous
Financial Statements are recognised in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise. When a gain or loss on a non-monetary item is recognised in Other Comprehensive Income, any exchange component of that gain or loss is recognised in Other Comprehensive Income. Conversely, when a gain or loss on a non-monetary item is recognised in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss, any exchange component of that gain or loss is recognised in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.
6.10 Revenue Recognition Sale of Goods
The Company applied Ind AS 115 using the modified retrospective approach.
Revenue is measured based on the transaction price adjusted for discounts and rebates, which is specified in a contract with customer. Revenue are net of estimated returns and taxes collected from customers.
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised at point in time when control is transferred to the customer and it is probable that consideration will be collected. Control of goods is transferred upon the shipment of the goods to the customer or when goods is made available to the customer as per terms agreed.
The transaction price is documented on the sales invoice and payment is generally due as per agreed credit terms with customer.
The consideration can be fixed or variable. Variable consideration is only recognised when it is highly probable that a significant reversal will not occur.
Sales return is variable consideration that is recognised and recorded based on historical experience, market conditions and provided for in the year of sale as reduction from revenue. The methodology and assumptions used to estimate returns are monitored and adjusted regularly in line with trade practices, historical trends, past experience and projected market conditions.
Interest income
Interest income is recognised with reference to the Effective Interest Rate method.
Dividend income
Dividend from investment is recognised as revenue when right to receive is established.
Income from Export Benefits and Other Incentives
Export benefits available under prevalent schemes are accrued as revenue in the year in which the goods are exported and/or services are rendered only when their
reasonable assurance that the conditions attached to them will be complied with, and the amounts will be received. Export benefit receivables are carried at net realisable value.
All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering service are classified as short-term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences, performance incentives etc., and the expected cost of bonus, ex-gratia are recognised during the period in which the employee renders related service.
(i) Defined benefit plans
The Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan (''the Gratuity Plan'') covering eligible employees. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump-sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee''s salary and the tenure of employment with the Company.
Liabilities with regard to Gratuity Plan are determined by actuarial valuation, performed by an independent actuary, at each balance sheet date using the Projected Unit Credit Method.
The Company fully contributes all ascertained liabilities to the Ajanta Pharma Limited Group Gratuity Trust (the Trust). Trustees administer contributions made to the Trust and contributions are invested in a scheme with Life Insurance Corporation of India as permitted by laws of India.
The retirement benefit obligations recognised in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligations reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the scheme. The Company recognises the net obligation of a defined benefit plan in its balance sheet as an asset or liability. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the other comprehensive income for the period in which they occur. The effect of any plan amendments are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
(ii) Defined contribution plans
Contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as expense when employees have rendered services entitling them to such benefits.
The Company pays provident fund contributions to publicly administered provident funds as per local regulations. The Company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are accounted for as defined contribution plans and the contributions are recognised as employee benefit expense when they are due. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments is available.
(iii) Compensated absences
The Company has a policy on compensated absences which are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary at each balance sheet date using projected unit credit method on the additional amount expected to be paid/availed within twelve months as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date.
Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date.
Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognised in the period in which the absences occur.
(iv) Share-based compensation
Employees Stock Options Plans ("ESOPs"): The grant date fair value of options granted to employees is recognised as an employee expense, over the period that the employees become unconditionally entitled to the options. The expense is recorded for each separately vesting portion of the award as if the award was, in substance, multiple awards. The increase in equity recognised in connection with share-based payment transaction is presented as a separate component in equity under "Employee Stock Options Outstanding Reserve". The amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to reflect the actual number of stock options that vest. The options granted to employees of subsidiary is recognised as an equity investment.
The Company recognises compensation expense relating to share-based payments in net profit using fair-value in accordance with Ind AS 102, Share-Based Payment.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
The Company''s lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for land and buildings. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether: (1) the contract involves the use of an identified asset; (2) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (3) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.
At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognises a right-of-use asset ("ROU") and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
Certain lease arrangements includes the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.
The right-of-use assets are initially recognised at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.
Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right of use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable
amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.
The lease liability is initially measured at amortised cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the generally accepted interest rate. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right of use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option.
Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.
Leases for which the Company is a lessor is classified as a finance or operating lease. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
In respect of assets given on operating lease, lease rentals are accounted in the Statement of Profit and Loss, on accrual basis in accordance with the respective lease agreements.
Government grants are initially recognised as deferred income at fair value if there is reasonable assurance that they will be received and the Company will comply with the conditions associated with the grant;
⢠In case of capital grants, they are then recognised in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss as other income on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset.
⢠In case of grants that compensate the Company for expenses incurred are recognised in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis in the periods in which the expenses are recognised.
Basic earnings per equity share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per equity share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per equity share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that
could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the equity shares been actually issued at fair value. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later date. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented.
6.16 Income Taxes
Income tax expense comprises current and deferred income tax.
Current tax is recognised in statement of profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Current income tax for current and prior periods is recognised at the amount expected to be paid to or recovered from the tax authorities, using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognised for all temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements.
Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised.
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of changes in tax rates on deferred income tax assets and liabilities is recognised as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment or the substantive enactment date. A deferred income tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and tax losses can be utilised. The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
6.17 Dividends to Shareholders
Annual dividend distribution to the shareholders is recognised as a liability in the period in which the dividends are approved by the shareholders. Any interim dividend
paid is recognised on approval by Board of Directors. Dividend payable is recognised directly in equity.
6.18 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities, Contingent Assets and Commitments
General
Provisions (legal and constructive) are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.
Provisions (excluding retirement benefits and compensated absences) are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
If there is any expectation that some or all of the provision will be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any virtually certain reimbursement.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risk specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
Contingent liability is disclosed in the case of:
⢠a present obligation arising from past events, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation;
⢠a present obligation arising from past events, when no reliable estimates is possible;
⢠a possible obligation arising from past events, unless the probability of outflow of resources is remote.
Contingent liabilities are not recognised but disclosed in the standalone financial statements. Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial statements.
Commitments include the amount of purchase order (net of advances) issued to parties for completion of assets and Non-cancellable operating lease.
Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and commitments are reviewed at each balance sheet date.
The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date in accordance with Ind AS 113.
Financials Statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following material items in the statement of financial position:
Derivative financial instruments (mainly forward currency contracts) are measured at fair value received from Bank.
Mutual Funds are measured at fair values as per Net Asset Value (NAV).
Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) at fair values as per Black Scholes option pricing model.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or settle a liability in an ordinary transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
Level 1 â Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 â Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
Level 3 â Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
7 RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies new standard or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. On 31 March 2023, MCA amended the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 by issuing the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023, applicable from 1 April 2023, as below:
Ind AS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements
The amendments require companies to disclose their material accounting policies rather than their significant accounting policies. Accounting policy information, together with other information, is material when it can reasonably be expected to influence decisions of primary users of general-purpose financial statements. The Company does not expect this amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.
The amendments clarify how companies account for deferred tax on transactions such as leases and decommissioning obligations. The amendments narrowed the scope of the recognition exemption in paragraphs 15 and 24 of Ind AS 12 (recognition exemption) so that it no longer applies to transactions that, on initial recognition, give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences. The Company is evaluating the impact, if any, in its financial statements.
Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors
The amendments will help entities to distinguish between accounting policies and accounting estimates. The definition of a change in accounting estimates has been replaced with a definition of accounting estimates. Under the new definition, accounting estimates are "monetary amounts in financial statements that are subject to measurement uncertainty". Entities develop accounting estimates if accounting policies require items in financial statements to be measured in a way that involves measurement uncertainty. The Company does not expect this amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.
The Company will evaluate these amendments to give effect as required by law.
Mar 31, 2022
WM CORPORATE iNFORMATiON
Ajanta Pharma Limited ("the Company") is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in India. Its shares are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange. The Registered office of the Company is located at Ajanta House, Charkop, Kandivali (West), Mumbai.
The Company is primarily involved in development, manufacturing and marketing of speciality pharmaceutical finished dosages.
CT BASiS OF PREPARATiON- Statement of Compliance
These standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared in all material aspects in accordance with the recognition and measurement principles laid down in Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as the ''Ind ASâ) as notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (''the Actâ) read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended and other relevant provisions of the Act and accounting principles generally accepted in India. These standalone financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the historical cost basis, except otherwise stated.
The standalone financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2022 have been reviewed by the Audit Committee and subsequently approved by the Board of Directors at its meeting held on 10 May 2022.
- Use of estimates and judgements:
The preparation of standalone financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses and the disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates and under lying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in current and future periods.
The areas involving estimates or judgments are as follows:
Property, plant and equipment:
Useful lives of tangible assets are based on the life prescribed in Schedule II of the Act. In cases, where
the useful lives are different from that prescribed in Schedule II, they are based on technical advice, taking into account the nature of the asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating conditions of the asset, past history of replacement, anticipated technological changes, manufacturersâ warranties and maintenance support.
Recognition and measurement of defined benefit obligations:
The obligation arising from the defined benefit plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation. Key actuarial assumptions include discount rate, trends in salary escalation and vested future benefits and life expectancy. The discount rate is determined with reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on the government bonds. The period to maturity of the underlying bonds correspond to the probable maturity of the post-employment benefit obligations.
intangible Assets
Intangible assets majorly consists software licences which are amortised over licence period which equates the economic useful life ranging between 2-5 years on a straight-line basis over the period of its economic useful life.
Allowance for uncollected accounts receivable and advances
Trade receivables do not carry any interest and are stated at their normal value as reduced by appropriate allowances for estimated irrecoverable amounts. Individual trade receivables are written off when management seems them not collectible. Impairment is made using expected credit loss model.
The impairment provisions for financial assets are based on assumption about risk of default and expected loss rates. Judgement in making these assumption and selecting the inputs to the impairment calculation are based on past history, existing market condition as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting period.
Management reviews the inventory age listing on a periodic basis. The review involves comparison of the carrying value of the aged inventory items. The purpose is to ascertain whether an allowance is required to be made in the standalone financial statement for any
obsolete and slow-moving items. Management is satisfied that adequate allowance for obsolete and slow-moving inventories has been made in the financial statements.
Management also reviews net realisable value for all its inventory and is satisfied that adequate allowance has been made in the financial statements.
Management judgement is required for estimating the possible outflow of resources, if any, in respect of contingencies/claim/litigations against the Company as it is not possible to predict the outcome of pending matters with accuracy.
An impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit (''CGU'') exceeds its recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. The value in use calculation is based on a discounted cash flow model. In calculating the value in use, certain assumptions are required to be made in respect of highly uncertain matters, including management''s expectations of growth in EBITDA, long term growth rates; and the selection of discount rates to reflect the risks involved.
WM FUNCTiONAL AND PRESENTATiON CURRENCY
The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (''INR'' or ''Rupees'' or ''Rs.'' or T) which is the functional currency for the Company.
Q rounding of amounts
All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest Crore.
B5M current / non-current classification
An entity shall classify an asset as current when-
(a) it expects to realise the asset, or intends to sell or consume it, in its normal operating cycle;
(b) it holds the asset primarily for the purpose of trading;
(c) it expects to realise the asset within twelve months after the reporting period; or
(d) the asset is cash or a cash equivalent unless the asset is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
An entity shall classify all other assets as non-current. An entity shall classify a liability as current when-
(a) it expects to settle the liability in its normal operating cycle;
(b) it holds the liability primarily for the purpose of trading;
(c) the liability is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period; or
(d) it does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. Terms of a liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification.
An entity shall classify all other liabilities as non-current. Operating Cycle
An operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents.
Based on the nature of products / activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has determined its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities as current and non-current.
significant accounting policies
6.1 Property, Plant and Equipment
Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Cost includes purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalisation criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.
Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for longterm construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates these components separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a
replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the statement of profit or loss as incurred.
Capital work-in-progress in respect of assets which are not ready for their intended use are carried at cost, comprising of direct costs, related incidental expenses and attributable interest.
All identifiable revenue expenses including interest incurred in respect of various projects / expansion, net of income earned during the project development stage prior to its intended use, are considered as pre-operative expenses and disclosed under capital work-in-progress.
Capital expenditure on property, plant and equipment for research and development is classified under property, plant and equipment and is depreciated on the same basis as other property, plant and equipment. Property, plant and equipment are derecognised either on disposal or when the asset retires from active use. Losses arising in the case of the retirement of property, plant and equipment and gains or losses arising from disposal of property, plant and equipment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the year of occurrence.
Depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less its estimated residual value. Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is provided on straight line method, over the useful life of the assets, as specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 except few assets like Dies & Punches having useful life of 3 years as per technical evaluation and management estimate and Solar Plants having useful life of 25 years. Property, plant and equipment which are added / disposed off during the year, depreciation is provided on pro-rata basis. Building constructed on leasehold land are depreciated based on the useful life specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, where the lease period of the land is beyond the life of the building. In other cases, building constructed on leasehold land are amortised over the primary lease period of the land.
The assetsâ residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
An assetâs carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the assetâs carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.
Advances given towards acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date are disclosed as Capital Advance under Other noncurrent assets.
Intangible assets are recognised when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the Company and the cost of the assets can be measured reliably.
Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangibles, excluding development costs as defined in Ind AS, are not capitalised and the related expenditure is reflected in statement of profit and loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.
Software is amortised over their estimated useful life on straight line basis from the date they are available for intended use or the period of the license as applicable, subject to impairment test.
The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible assets with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the assets is derecognised.
Revenue expenditure on research is recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which it is incurred.
Development expenditure incurred on an individual project is carried forward when its future recoverability can reasonably be regarded as assured. Any expenditure carried forward is amortised over the period of expected future sales from the related project. The carrying value of development costs is reviewed for impairment annually when the asset is not yet in use, and otherwise when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.
Investment property is property held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes. Upon initial recognition, an investment property is measured at cost. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment property is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
The Company depreciates investment property using the following useful lives from the date of original purchase.
|
investment |
Management |
useful life |
|
Property |
estimate of useful |
as per Schedule |
|
life |
ii |
|
|
Building |
21 years |
30 and 60 years |
Any gain or loss on disposal of an investment property is recognised in profit or loss.
The fair values of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair values are determined on the basis of valuation done by registered valuer.
impairment on non-financial assets
The Companyâs non-financial assets other than inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the assetâs recoverable amount is estimated.
For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows (i.e. corporate assets) are grouped together into cash-generating units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.
The recoverable amount of a CGU is the higher of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the CGU.
An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment loss recognised in respect of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amounts of the assets of the CGU (or group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.
An impairment loss in respect of assets for which impairment loss has been recognised in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the assetâs carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial Assets:
The Company classifies financial assets as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss, on the basis of its business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.
initial recognition and measurement:
All financial assets (not measured subsequently at fair value through profit or loss) are recognised initially at fair value plus transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
For the purpose of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in two broad categories:
⢠Financial assets at fair value (FVTPL/FVTOCI)
⢠Financial assets at amortised cost
When assets are measured at fair value, gains and losses are either recognised in the statement of profit and loss (i.e. fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)), or recognised in other comprehensive income (i.e. fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)).
Financial Assets measured at amortised cost (net of write down for impairment, if any):
Financial assets are measured at amortised cost when asset is held within a business model, whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows
and contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest. Such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method less impairment, if any. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.
Financial Assets measured at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive income ("FVTOCi"):
Financial assets under this category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value, when asset is held within a business model, whose objective is to hold assets for both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets. Fair value movements are recognised in the other comprehensive income.
Financial Assets measured at Fair Value through Profit or Loss ("FVTPL"):
Financial assets under this category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value with all changes recognised in profit or loss.
Investment in equity instruments of Subsidiaries are measured at cost. In the financial statements, investment in subsidiaries is carried at cost. The carrying amount is reduced to recognise any impairment in the value of investment.
investment in Equity instruments:
Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. Fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in profit or loss.
investment in Debt instruments:
A debt instrument is measured at amortised cost or at FVTOCI. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorisation as at amortised cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL. Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.
Derecognition of Financial Assets:
A financial asset is primarily derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired or the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset.
impairment of Financial Assets:
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the financial assets that are debt instruments and trade receivables.
Financial Liabilities:Classification:
The Company classifies all financial liabilities as subsequently measured at amortised cost or FVTPL.
initial recognition and measurement:
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans, borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
Financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts and derivative financial instruments.
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through EIR amortisation process. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Derecognition of Financial Liabilities:
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Derivative Financial instrument:
The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to mitigate its
foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any changes therein are generally recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Raw materials and packing materials are valued at lower of cost (on moving weighted average basis) and the net realisable value, cost of which includes duties and taxes (net off CENVAT and Goods and Service Tax wherever applicable). Cost of imported raw materials and packing materials lying in bonded warehouse includes the amount of customs duty. Finished products including traded goods and work-in-progress are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value.
The cost of finished goods and work-in-progress have been computed to include all cost of purchases, cost of conversion, appropriate share of fixed production overheads based on normal operating capacity and other related cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses necessary to make the sale.
Slow and non-moving material, products nearing expiry, defective inventory are fully provided for and valued at net realisable value.
Goods and materials in transit are valued at actual cost incurred up to the date of balance sheet. Materials and other items held for use in production of inventories are not written down, if the finished products in which they will be used are expected to be sold at or above cost. Consumables and other materials procured for R&D purpose are charged off when acquired.
6.6. Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents comprise of cash on hand and cash at bank including fixed deposit/highly liquid investments with original maturity period of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, as they are considered an integral part of the Companyâs cash management.
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flow from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.
6.8. foreign currency Transactions
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the Companyâs functional currency at the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate at the reporting date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured based on historical cost in a foreign currency are not translated. Foreign currency exchange differences are generally recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different from those at which they were translated on initial recognition during the period or in previous Financial Statements are recognised in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise. When a gain or loss on a non-monetary item is recognised in Other Comprehensive Income, any exchange component of that gain or loss is recognised in Other Comprehensive Income. Conversely, when a gain or loss on a non-monetary item is recognised in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss, any exchange component of that gain or loss is recognised in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.
6.9. Revenue Recognition Sale of Goods
The Company applied Ind AS 115 using the modified retrospective approach.
Revenue is measured based on the transaction price adjusted for discounts and rebates, which is specified in a contract with customer. Revenue are net of estimated returns and taxes collected from customers.
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised at point in time when control is transferred to the customer and it is probable that consideration will be collected. Control of goods is transferred upon the shipment of the goods to the customer or when goods is made available to the customer as per terms agreed.
The transaction price is documented on the sales invoice and payment is generally due as per agreed credit terms with customer.
The consideration can be fixed or variable. Variable consideration is only recognised when it is highly probable that a significant reversal will not occur.
Sales return is variable consideration that is recognised and recorded based on historical experience, market conditions and provided for in the year of sale as reduction from revenue. The methodology and assumptions used to estimate returns are monitored and adjusted regularly in line with trade practices, historical trends, past experience and projected market conditions. interest income
Interest income is recognised with reference to the Effective Interest Rate method.
Dividend from investment is recognised as revenue
when right to receive is established.
income from Export Benefits and Other incentives
Export benefits available under prevalent schemes are accrued as revenue in the year in which the goods are exported and / or services are rendered only when there is reasonable assurance that the conditions attached to them will be complied with, and the amounts will be received. Export benefit receivables are carried at net realisable value.
All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering service are classified as short term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences, performance incentives etc., and the expected cost of bonus, ex-gratia are recognised during the period in which the employee renders related service.
The Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan (''the Gratuity Planâ) covering eligible employees. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump-sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employeeâs salary and the tenure of employment with the Company.
Liabilities with regard to Gratuity Plan are determined by actuarial valuation, performed by an independent actuary, at each balance sheet date using the Projected Unit Credit Method.
The Company fully contributes all ascertained liabilities to the Ajanta Pharma Limited Group Gratuity Trust (the Trust). Trustees administer contributions made to the Trust and contributions are invested in a scheme with Life Insurance Corporation of India as permitted by laws of India. The retirement benefit obligations recognised in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligations reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the scheme. The Company recognises the net obligation of a defined benefit plan in its balance sheet as an asset or liability. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the other comprehensive income for the period in which they occur. The effect of any plan amendments are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
(ii) Defined contribution plans
Contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as expense when employees have rendered services entitling them to such benefits.
The Company pays provident fund contributions to publicly administered provident funds as per local regulations. The Company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are accounted for as defined contribution plans and the contributions are recognised as employee benefit expense when they are due. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments is available.
The Company has a policy on compensated absences which are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary at each balance sheet date using projected unit credit method on the additional amount expected to be paid/availed within twelve months as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date.
Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date.
Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognised in the period in which the absences occur.
Employees Stock Options Plans ("ESOPs"): The grant date fair value of options granted to employees is recognised as an employee expense, over the period that the employees become unconditionally entitled to the options. The expense is recorded for each separately vesting portion of the award as if the award was, in substance, multiple awards. The increase in equity recognised in connection with share based payment transaction is presented as a separate component in equity under "Employee Stock Options Outstanding Reserve". The amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to reflect the actual number of stock options that vest. The options granted to employees of subsidiary is recognised as an equity investment.
The Company recognises compensation expense relating to share-based payments in net profit using fair-value in accordance with Ind AS 102, Share-Based Payment.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs
consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
The Companyâs lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for land and buildings. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether: (1) the contract involves the use of an identified asset (2) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (3) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.
At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognises a right-of-use asset ("ROU") and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
Certain lease arrangements includes the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.
The right-of-use assets are initially recognised at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.
Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right of use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell
and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.
The lease liability is initially measured at amortised cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the generally accepted interest rate. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right of use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option.
Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.
Leases for which the Company is a lessor is classified as a finance or operating lease. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
In respect of assets given on operating lease, lease rentals are accounted in the statement of profit and loss, on accrual basis in accordance with the respective lease agreements.
Government grants are initially recognised as deferred income at fair value if there is reasonable assurance that they will be received and the Company will comply with the conditions associated with the grant:
⢠In case of capital grants, they are then recognised in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss as other income on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset.
⢠In case of grants that compensate the Company for expenses incurred are recognised in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis in the periods in which the expenses are recognised.
Basic earnings per equity share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings
per equity share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per equity share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the equity shares been actually issued at fair value. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later date. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented.
Income tax expense comprises current and deferred income tax.
Current tax is recognised in statement of profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Current income tax for current and prior periods is recognised at the amount expected to be paid to or recovered from the tax authorities, using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognised for all temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements.
Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of changes in tax rates on deferred income tax assets and liabilities is recognised as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment or the substantive enactment date. A deferred income tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and tax losses can be utilised. The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the
recognised amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
6.16. Dividends to Shareholders
Annual dividend distribution to the shareholders is recognised as a liability in the period in which the dividends are approved by the shareholders. Any interim dividend paid is recognised on approval by Board of Directors. Dividend payable is recognised directly in equity.
6.17. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities, Contingent Assets and CommitmentsGeneral
Provisions (legal and constructive) are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.
Provisions (excluding retirement benefits and compensated absences) are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
If there is any expectation that some or all of the provision will be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any virtually certain reimbursement.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risk specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
Contingent liability is disclosed in the case of:
⢠a present obligation arising from past events, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation;
⢠a present obligation arising from past events, when no reliable estimates is possible;
⢠a possible obligation arising from past events, unless the probability of outflow of resources is remote.
Contingent liabilities are not recognised but disclosed in the standalone financial statements. Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial statements.
Commitments include the amount of purchase order (net of advances) issued to parties for completion of assets and Non-cancellable operating lease.
Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and commitments are reviewed at each balance sheet date.
The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date in accordance with Ind AS 113.
Financials Statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following material items in the statement of financial position:
⢠Derivative financial instruments (mainly forward currency contracts) are measured at fair value received from Bank.
⢠Mutual Funds are measured at fair values as per Net Asset Value (NAV).
⢠Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) at fair values as per Black Scholes option pricing model.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or settle a liability in an ordinary transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
⢠Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
⢠Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
⢠Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
7. Recent accounting pronouncements
Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies new standard or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. On March 23, 2022, MCA amended the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2022, applicable from 1 April 2022, as below:
ind AS 103 - Reference to Conceptual Framework
The amendments specify that to qualify for recognition as part of applying the acquisition method, the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
must meet the definitions of assets and liabilities in the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting under Indian Accounting Standards (Conceptual Framework) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India at the acquisition date. These changes do not significantly change the requirements of Ind AS 103.
ind AS 16 - Property Plant and equipment
The amendment clarifies that excess of net sale proceeds of items produced over the cost of testing, if any, shall not be recognised in the profit or loss but deducted from the directly attributable costs considered as part of cost of an item of property, plant, and equipment.
ind AS 37 - Onerous Contracts - Costs of Fulfilling a Contract
The amendments specify that that the ''cost of fulfillingâ a contract comprises the ''costs that relate directly to the contractâ. Costs that relate directly to a contract can either be incremental costs of fulfilling that contract (examples would be direct labour, materials) or an allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling contracts.
ind AS 109 - Annual improvements to ind AS (2021)
The amendment clarifies which fees an entity includes when it applies the ''10%â test of Ind AS 109 in assessing whether to derecognise a financial liability.
ind AS 106 - Annual improvements to ind AS (2021)
The amendments remove the illustration of the reimbursement of leasehold improvements by the lessor in order to resolve any potential confusion regarding the treatment of lease incentives that might arise because of how lease incentives were described in that illustration.
The Company will evaluate these amendments to give effect as required by law.
Mar 31, 2019
1. Significant Accounting Policies
1.1. Property, Plant and Equipment
Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any.
Cost includes purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalisation criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.
Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates these components separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the statement of profit or loss as incurred.
Capital work-in-progress in respect of assets which are not ready for their intended use are carried at cost, comprising of direct costs, related incidental expenses and attributable interest.
All identifiable revenue expenses including interest incurred in respect of various projects / expansion, net of income earned during the project development stage prior to its intended use, are considered as pre-operative expenses and disclosed under Capital Work - in - Progress.
Capital expenditure on Property, plant and equipment for research and development is classified under property, plant and equipment and is depreciated on the same basis as other property, plant and equipment.
Property, plant and equipment are derecognised either on disposal or when the asset retires from active use. Losses arising in the case of the retirement of property, plant and equipment and gains or losses arising from disposal of property, plant and equipment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the year of occurrence.
Depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less its estimated residual value. Depreciation on the property, plant and equipment is provided on straight line method, over the useful life of the assets, as specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. Property, plant and equipment which are added / disposed off during the year, depreciation is provided on pro-rata basis. Premium on Leasehold land are amortised over the period of lease. Building constructed on leasehold land are depreciated based on the useful life specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, where the lease period of the land is beyond the life of the building. In other cases, building constructed on leasehold land are amortised over the primary lease period of the land.
The asset''s residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
An asset''s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset''s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount. Advances given towards acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date are disclosed as Capital Advance under Other non-current assets.
2.2. Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are recognised when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the Company and the cost of the assets can be measured reliably.
Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and the related expenditure is reflected in Statement of profit and loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.
Software is amortised over their estimated useful life on straight line basis from the date they are available for intended use, subject to impairment test.
The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible assets with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the assets is derecognised.
Research and Development
Revenue expenditure on research is recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which it is incurred.
Development expenditure incurred on an individual project is carried forward when its future recoverability can reasonably be regarded as assured. Any expenditure carried forward is amortised over the period of expected future sales from the related project. The carrying value of development costs is reviewed for impairment annually when the asset is not yet in use, and otherwise when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.
3.3. Financial Instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial Assets:
Classification:
The Company classifies financial assets as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss, on the basis of its business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.
Initial recognition and measurement:
All financial assets (not measured subsequently at fair value through profit or loss) are recognised initially at fair value plus transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
Subsequent measurement:
For the purpose of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in two broad categories:
- Financial assets at fair value ( FVTPL / FVTOCI)
- Financial assets at amortised cost
When assets are measured at fair value, gains and losses are either recognised in the statement of profit and loss (i.e. fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)), or recognised in other comprehensive income (i.e. fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)).
Financial Assets measured at amortised cost (net of write down for impairment, if any):
Financial assets are measured at amortised cost when asset is held within a business model, whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows and contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest. Such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method less impairment, if any. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.
Financial Assets measured at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income ("FVTOCI"):
Financial assets under this category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value, when asset is held within a business model, whose objective is to hold assets for both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income.
Financial Assets measured at Fair Value through Profit or Loss ("FVTPL"):
Financial assets under this category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value with all changes recognised in profit or loss.
Investment in Subsidiary:
Investment in equity instruments of Subsidiaries are measured at cost. In the financial statements, investment in subsidiaries is carried at cost. The carrying amount is reduced to recognise any impairment in the value of investment.
Investment in Equity Instruments:
Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. All other equity instruments are classified as FVTOCI. Fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in the other comprehensive income. There is no recycling of the amounts from other comprehensive income to profit or loss.
Investment in Debt Instruments:
A debt instrument is measured at amortised cost or at FVTOCI. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL. Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.
Derecognition of Financial Assets:
A financial asset is primarily derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired or the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset.
Impairment of Financial Assets:
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the financial assets that are debt instruments and trade receivables.
Financial Liabilities:
Classification:
The Company classifies all financial liabilities as subsequently measured at amortised cost or FVTPL.
Initial recognition and measurement:
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans, borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
Financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts and derivative financial instruments.
Subsequent measurement:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through EIR amortisation process. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Derecognition of Financial Liabilities:
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Derivative Financial Instrument:
The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to mitigate its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.
4.4. Inventories
Raw materials and packing materials are valued at lower of cost (on moving weighted average basis) and the net realisable value, cost of which includes duties and taxes (net off CENVAT and GST wherever applicable). Cost of imported raw materials and packing materials lying in bonded warehouse includes the amount of customs duty. Finished products including traded goods and work-in-progress are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is arrived on moving weighted average basis.
The cost of Inventories have been computed to include all cost of purchases, cost of conversion, appropriate share of fixed production overheads based on normal operating capacity and other related cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses necessary to make the sale.
Slow and non-moving material, products nearing expiry, defective inventory are fully provided for and valued at net realisable value.
Goods and materials in transit are valued at actual cost incurred up to the date of balance sheet. Materials and other items held for use in production of inventories are not written down, if the finished products in which they will be used are expected to be sold at or above cost.
5.5. Cash And Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents comprise of cash on hand and cash at bank including fixed deposit/ highly liquid investments with original maturity period of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
6.6. Cash Flow Statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flow from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.
6.7. Foreign Currency Transactions
Revenue Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are normally recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction.
Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies at the year-end are re-measured at the exchange rate prevailing on the balance sheet date. Non-monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost.
Any income or expense on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on restatement is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
6.8. Revenue Recognition
Sale of Goods
The majority of the Company''s contracts related to product sales include only one performance obligation, which is to deliver products to customers based on orders received.
The Company manufacture and sells pharmaceutical formulation products to its distributors across the markets. Revenue from sales of products is recognized at a point in time when control of the products is transferred to the customer, generally upon delivery, which the Company has determined is when physical possession, legal title and risks and rewards of ownership of the products transfer to the customer and the Company is entitled to payment. The timing of the transfer of risks and rewards varies depending on the individual terms of the sales agreements.
Revenue from the sale of goods is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable (after including fair value allocations related to multiple deliverable and/or linked arrangements), net of returns, sales tax/GST and applicable trade discounts and allowances. Revenue includes shipping and handling costs billed to the customer.
Interest income
Interest income is recognised with reference to the Effective Interest Rate method.
Dividend income
Dividend from investment is recognised as revenue when right to receive is established.
Income from Export Benefits and Other Incentives Export benefits available under prevalent schemes are accrued as revenue in the year in which the goods are exported and / or services are rendered only when there reasonable assurance that the conditions attached to them will be complied with, and the amounts will be received.
6.9. Employee Benefits
All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months rendering service are classified as short term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences, performance incentives etc., and the expected cost of bonus, ex-gratia are recognised during the period in which the employee renders related service.
(i) Defined benefit plans
The Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan (''the Gratuity Plan'') covering eligible employees. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump-sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee''s salary and the tenure of employment with the Company.
Liabilities with regard to Gratuity Plan are determined by actuarial valuation, performed by an independent actuary, at each balance sheet date using the Projected Unit Credit Method.
The Company fully contributes all ascertained liabilities to the Ajanta Pharma Limited Group Gratuity Trust (The Trust). Trustees administer contributions made to the Trust and contributions are invested in a scheme with Life Insurance Corporation of India as permitted by laws of India.
The retirement benefit obligations recognised in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligations reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the scheme. The Company recognizes the net obligation of a defined benefit plan in its balance sheet as an asset or liability. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the other comprehensive income for the period in which they occur. The effect of any plan amendments are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
(ii) Defined contribution plans
Contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as expense when employees have rendered services entitling them to such benefits.
The Company pays provident fund contributions to publicly administered provident funds as per local regulations. The Company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are accounted for as defined contribution plans and the contributions are recognized as employee benefit expense when they are due. Prepaid contributions are recognized as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments is available.
(iii) Compensated absences
The Company has a policy on compensated absences which are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary at each balance sheet date using projected unit credit method on the additional amount expected to be paid/availed as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date.
Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date.
Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognized in the period in which the absences occur.
(iv) Share-based compensation
Employees Stock Options Plans ("ESOPs"): The grant date fair value of options granted to employees is recognized as an employee expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the employees become unconditionally entitled to the options. The expense is recorded for each separately vesting portion of the award as if the award was, in substance, multiple awards. The increase in equity recognized in connection with share based payment transaction is presented as a separate component in equity under "Employee Stock Options Outstanding Reserve". The amount recognized as an expense is adjusted to reflect the actual number of stock options that vest.
The company recognizes compensation expense relating to share-based payments in net profit using fair-value in accordance with Ind AS 102, Share Based Payment.
6.10. Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
6.11. Lease
The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception date, whether fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets or the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.
Assets acquired on leases where a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by lessor are classified as operating leases. Leases rentals are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss on straight line basis.
6.12. Government Grants
Government grants are initially recognised as deferred income at fair value if there is reasonable assurance that they will be received and the Company will comply with the conditions associated with the grant;
- In case of capital grants, they are then recognised in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss as other income on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset.
- In case of grants that compensate the Company for expenses incurred are recognised in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis in the periods in which the expenses are recognised.
Export benefits available under prevalent schemes are accrued in the year in which the goods are exported and there is no uncertainty in receiving the same.
6.13. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per equity share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity holders of the company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per equity share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity holders of the company by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per equity share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.
The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the equity shares been actually issued at fair value. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later date. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented.
6.14. Income Taxes
Income tax expense comprises current and deferred income tax.
Income tax expense is recognized in net profit in the statement of profit and loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity, in which case it is recognized in other comprehensive income. Current income tax for current and prior periods is recognized at the amount expected to be paid to or recovered from the tax authorities, using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for all temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements.
Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised.
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of changes in tax rates on deferred income tax assets and liabilities is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment or the substantive enactment date. A deferred income tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and tax losses can be utilized. The company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Minimum Alternate Tax (''MAT'') credit is recognised as deferred tax asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the period for which the MAT credit can be carried forward for set-off against the normal tax liability. MAT credit recognised as an asset is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and written down to the extent the aforesaid convincing evidence no longer exists.
6.15. Dividends to Shareholders
Annual dividend distribution to the shareholders is recognised as a liability in the period in which the dividends are approved by the shareholders. Any interim dividend paid is recognised on approval by Board of Directors. Dividend payable and corresponding tax on dividend distribution is recognised directly in equity.
6.16. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities, Contingent Assets and Commitments
General
Provisions (legal and constructive) are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.
Provisions (excluding retirement benefits and compensated absences) are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
If there is any expectation that some or all of the provision will be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any virtually certain reimbursement.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pretax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risk specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
Contingent liability is disclosed in the case of:
- a present obligation arising from past events, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation;
- a present obligation arising from past events, when no reliable estimates is possible;
- a possible obligation arising from past events, unless the probability of outflow of resources is remote.
Contingent liabilities are not recognised but disclosed in the standalone financial statements. Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial statements.
Commitments include the amount of purchase order (net of advances) issued to parties for completion of assets and Non-cancellable operating lease.
Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and commitments are reviewed at each balance sheet date.
Asset Retirement Obligation
Asset retirement obligations (ARO) are provided for those operating lease arrangements where the Company has a binding obligation at the end of the lease period to restore the leased premises in a condition similar to inception of lease. ARO are provided at the present value of expected costs to settle the obligation using discounted cash flows and are recognised as part of the cost of that particular asset. The cash flows are discounted at a current pre-tax rate that reflects the risks specific to the decommissioning liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognised in the income statement as a finance cost. The estimated future costs of decommissioning are reviewed annually and adjusted as appropriate. Changes in the estimated future costs or in the discount rate applied are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset.
6.17. Fair value measurement
The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date in accordance with Ind AS 113.
Financials Statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following material items in the statement of financial position:
- Derivative financial instruments are measured at fair value received from Bank.
- Mutual Funds are measured at fair values as per Net Asset Value (NAV).
- Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) at fair values as per Actuarial Valuation Report.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or settle a liability in an ordinary transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
- Level 1 â Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
- Level 2 â Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
-Level 3 â Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
6.18. Recent accounting pronouncements
Standards issued but not yet effective
Ind AS 116 Leases
In March 2019, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2018, notifying Ind AS 116 ''Leases'', which replaces Ind AS 17 ''Leases''. The new standard shall require lessees to recognize the leases on their balance sheets with limited exemptions related to low value asset and assets with a lease term lower than 12 months.
Lessees will use a single accounting model for all leases. Accordingly, the lessee is required to recognize "Right-Of-Use" asset representing its right to use the underlying asset and a "Lease Liability" representing its obligation to make lease payments.
The Company is required to adopt Ind AS 116 Leases from 1st April 2019. The Company will have to recognize "Right-Of-Use" assets and "Lease Liability" for its operating leases. Upon application of the new standard, the nature of expenses related to the leases will change and accordingly the Company will recognize a depreciation charge for right-of-use assets and interest expense on unwinding of lease liabilities as against lease expenses recognized upto 31st March 2019. The new standard also provides two broad alternative transition approach -Retrospective Method and Cumulative Effect Method with practical expedient.
Based on preliminary assessment, there will be no significant impact on initial application to the statement of profit and loss of the company.
7. Critical accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions
The preparation of the Company''s financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. However, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of the assets or liabilities in future periods.
(a) Arrangement containing lease
At the inception of an arrangement, Company determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease. At the inception or on reassessment of an arrangement that contains a lease, Company separates payments and other consideration required by the arrangement into those for the lease and those for the other elements on the basis of their relative fair values.
Company has determined, based on an evaluation of the terms and conditions of the arrangements that such contracts are in the nature of operating leases.
(b) Multiple element contracts with vendors
Company has entered into multiple element contracts with vendors for supply of goods and rendering of services. The consideration paid is/may be determined independent of the value of supplies received and services availed. Accordingly, the supplies and services are accounted for based on their relative fair values to the overall consideration. The supplies with finite life under the contracts (as defined in the significant accounting policies) have been accounted under Property, Plant and Equipment and/or as Intangible assets, since the Company has economic ownership in these assets. The Company believes that the current treatment represents the substance of the arrangement.
(c) Property, Plant and Equipment
Determination of the estimated useful l ife of Property, Plant and Equipment and the assessment as to which components of the cost may be capitalized. Useful life of tangible assets is based on the life prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013. Assumptions also need to be made, when the Company assesses, whether an asset may be capitalised and which components of the cost of the asset may be capitalised.
(d) Intangible Assets
Internal technical or user team assess the remaining useful lives of Intangible assets. Management believes that assigned useful lives are reasonable.
(e) Recognition and measurement of defined benefit obligations
The obligation arising from the defined benefit plan is determined on the basis of actuarial assumptions. Key actuarial assumptions include discount rate, trends in salary escalation and vested future benefits and life expectancy. The discount rate is determined with reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on the government bonds. The period to maturity of the underlying bonds correspond to the probable maturity of the post-employment benefit obligations.
(f) Recognition of deferred tax assets and income tax
Deferred tax asset is recognised for all the deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary difference can be utilised. The management assumes that taxable profits will be available while recognising deferred tax assets.
Management judgment is required for the calculation of provision for income taxes and deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company reviews at each balance sheet date the carrying amount of deferred tax assets. The factors used in estimates may differ from actual outcome which could lead to significant adjustment to the amounts reported in the standalone financial statements.
(g) Recognition and measurement of other provisions
The recognition and measurement of other provisions are based on the assessment of the probability of an outflow of resources, and on past experience and circumstances known at the balance sheet date. The actual outflow of resources at a future date may, therefore, vary from the figure included in other provisions.
(h) Contingencies
Management judgement is required for estimating the possible outflow of resources, if any, in respect of contingencies/claim/litigations against the Company as it is not possible to predict the outcome of pending matters with accuracy.
(i) Allowance for uncollected accounts receivable and advances
Trade receivables do not carry any interest and are stated at their normal value as reduced by appropriate allowances for estimated irrecoverable amounts. Individual trade receivables are written off when management seems them not collectible. Impairment is made on the expected credit losses, which are the present value of the cash shortfall over the expected life of the financial assets.
The impairment provisions for financial assets are based on assumption about risk of default and expected loss rates. Judgement in making these assumption and selecting the inputs to the impairment calculation are based on past history, existing market condition as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting period.
(j) Insurance claims
Insurance claims are recognised when the Company has reasonable certainty of recovery.
(k) Impairment reviews
An impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit (''CGU'') exceeds its recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. The value in use calculation is based on a discounted cash flow model. In calculating the value in use, certain assumptions are required to be made in respect of highly uncertain matters, including management''s expectations of growth in EBITDA, long term growth rates; and the selection of discount rates to reflect the risks involved.
Mar 31, 2018
1. Corporate Information
Ajanta Pharma Limited ("Company") is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in India. Its shares are listed on Bombay Stock Exchanges and National Stock Exchange. The Registered office of Company is located at Ajanta House, Charkop, Kandivali (West), Mumbai.
Company is primarily involved in development, manufacturing and marketing of speciality pharmaceutical finished dosages.
The financial statements for the Company were authorized for issue by Company''s Board of Directors on 2nd May, 2018.
2. Basis of Preparation
These standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared in all material aspects in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as per rule 4 of The Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 notified under section 133 of Companies Act, 2013 (''the Act'') and other relevant Provisions of the Act.
These standalone financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value or revalued amount wherever applicable:
- Derivative financial instruments
- Certain financial assets measured at fair value
- Net defined benefit asset/liability at fair value of plan assets less present value of defined benefit obligations.
3. Functional and Presentation Currency:
The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (''INR'' or ''Rupees'' or ''Rs.'' or T) which is the functional currency for the Company.
4. Rounding of Amounts
All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest Crore. Amount less than '' 50,000/- are shown as actual.
5. Current versus non-current classification:
The assets and liabilities in the balance sheet are presented based on current/non-current classification.
An asset is current when it is:
- Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle, or
- Held primarily for the purpose of trading, or
- Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when it is:
- Expected to be settled in normal operating cycle, or
- Held primarily for the purpose of trading, or
- Due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other liabilities are treated as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities respectively.
Operating Cycle
Based on the nature of products / activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets and their realization in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has determined its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities as current and non-current.
6. SIGNIFICANT Accounting POLICIES
6.1. Property, plant and equipment
Freehold land is carried at historical costs. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any.
Cost includes cost of acquisition, installation or construction, other direct expenses incurred to bring the assets to its working condition and finance costs incurred up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use and excludes Cenvat / value added tax / Goods and Service Tax (GST) eligible for credit / setoff.
Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in the statement of profit or loss as incurred.
Capital work-in-progress in respect of assets which are not ready for their intended use are carried at cost, comprising of direct costs, related incidental expenses and attributable interest.
All identifiable revenue expenses including interest incurred in respect of various projects / expansion, net of income earned during the project development stage prior to its intended use, are considered as pre - operative expenses and disclosed under Capital Work -in-Progress.
Capital expenditure on Property, Plant and Equipment for research and development is classified under property, plant and equipment and is depreciated on the same basis as other property, plant and equipment.
Property, plant and equipment are eliminated from standalone financial statements, either on disposal or when retired from active use. Losses arising in the case of the retirement of property, plant and equipment and gains or losses arising from disposal of property, plant and equipment are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the year of occurrence.
Depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less its estimated residual value. Depreciation on the property, plant and equipment is provided on straight line method, over the useful life of the assets, as specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. Property, plant and equipment which are added / disposed off during the year, depreciation is provided on pro-rata basis. Premium on Leasehold lands are amortized over the period of lease. Building constructed on leasehold land are depreciated based on the useful life specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, where the lease period of the land is beyond the life of the building. In other cases, building constructed on leasehold lands are amortized over the primary lease period of the lands.
The assets'' residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
An asset''s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset''s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.
6.2. Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are recognized when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the Company and the cost of the assets can be measured reliably.
Intangible assets are stated at cost or acquisition less accumulated amortization and impairment loss, if any.
Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and the related expenditure is reflected in Statement of profit and loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.
Software is amortized over their estimated useful life on straight line basis from the date they are available for intended use, subject to impairment test.
The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible assets with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the assets is derecognized.
Research and Development
Revenue expenditure on research is expensed under the respective heads of accounts in the period in which it is incurred.
Development expenditure incurred on an individual project is carried forward when its future recoverability can reasonably be regarded as assured. Any expenditure carried forward is amortized over the period of expected future sales from the related project. The carrying value of development costs is reviewed for impairment annually when the asset is not yet in use, and otherwise when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.
6.3. Financial Instruments:
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial Assets:
Classification:
The Company classifies financial assets as subsequently measured at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss, on the basis of its business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.
Initial recognition and measurement:
All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
Subsequent measurement:
For the purpose of subsequent measurement financial assets are classified in two broad categories:
- Financial assets at fair value ( FVTPL / FVTOCI)
- Financial assets at amortized cost
When assets are measured at fair value, gains and losses are either recognized in the statement of profit and loss (i.e. fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)), or recognized in other comprehensive income (i.e. fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI)).
Financial Assets measured at amortized cost (net of write down for impairment, if any):
Financial assets are measured at amortized cost when asset is held within a business model, whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows and contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest. Such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method less impairment, if any. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the Statement of profit and loss.
Financial Assets measured at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (''TWOCr''):
Financial assets under this category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value, when asset is held within a business model, whose objective is to hold assets for both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income.
Financial Assets measured at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss ("FVTPL"):
Financial assets under this category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value with all changes recognized in profit or loss.
Investment in Subsidiary:
Investment in equity instruments of Subsidiaries are measured at cost as per Ind AS 27. In the financial statements, investment in subsidiary Company''s is carried at cost. The carrying amount is reduced to recognize any impairment in the value of investment.
Investment in Equity Instruments:
Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. All other equity instruments are classified as FVTOCI. Fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the other comprehensive income. There is no recycling of the amounts from other comprehensive income to profit or loss.
Investment in Debt Instruments:
A debt instrument is measured at amortized cost or at FVTOCI. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVOCI, is classified as at FVTPL. Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of profit and loss.
Derecognition of Financial Assets:
A financial asset is primarily derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired or the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset.
Impairment of Financial Assets:
I n accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the financial assets that are debt instruments and trade receivables.
Financial Liabilities:
Classification:
The Company classifies all financial liabilities as subsequently measured at amortized cost or FVTPL.
Initial recognition and measurement:
All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loans, borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
Financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts and derivative financial instruments.
Subsequent measurement:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. Gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through EIR amortization process. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.
Derecognition of Financial Liabilities:
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Derivative Financial Instrument:
The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to mitigate its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.
6.4. Inventories
Raw materials and packing materials are valued at lower of cost and the net realizable value, cost of which includes duties and taxes (net off CENVAT, VAT and Goods and Service Tax (GST) wherever applicable). Cost of imported raw materials and packing materials lying in bonded warehouse includes customs duty. Finished products including traded goods and work-in-progress are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is arrived on moving weighted average basis.
The cost of Inventories have been computed to include all cost of purchases, cost of conversion, appropriate share of fixed production overheads based on normal operating capacity and other related cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their present condition.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses.
Slow and non-moving material, obsolesces, defective inventory are fully provided for and valued at net realizable value.
Goods and materials in transit are valued at actual cost incurred up to the date of balance sheet. Materials and other items held for use in production of inventories are not written down, if the finished products in which they will be used are expected to be sold at or above cost.
6.5. Cash And Cash Equivalent
Cash and Cash Equivalents comprise of cash on hand and cash at bank including fixed deposit/ highly liquid investments with original maturity period of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
6.6. Cash Flow Statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a noncash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flow from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.
6.7. Foreign Currency Transactions
Revenue Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are normally recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction.
Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies at the year-end are re-measured at the exchange rate prevailing on the balance sheet date. Non-monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost.
Any income or expense on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on restatement is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
6.8. Revenue Recognition
Revenue from sale of goods is recognized, when all significant risks and rewards are transferred to the buyer, as per the terms of contracts and no significant uncertainty exists regarding amount of the consideration that will be derived from the sale of goods.
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made.
Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Amount disclosed as revenue are inclusive of excise duty, excluding Goods and Service tax (GST), sales tax or value added taxes or service taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government, and net of returns, trade discount/allowances, rebates, and amounts collected on behalf of third parties.
Revenue from sale of technology / know how (rights, licenses and other intangibles) are recognized when performance obligation is completed as per the terms of the agreement. Incomes from services are recognized when services are rendered.
Dividend income is recognized when right to receive dividend is established. Interest income is recognized on time proportion basis. Insurance and other claims are recognized as a revenue on certainty of receipt on prudent basis. Export benefits available under prevalent schemes are accounted to the extent considered receivable.
6.9. Employee Benefits
All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months rendering service are classified as short term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences, performance incentives etc., and the expected cost of bonus, ex-gratia are recognized during the period in which the employee renders related service.
(i) Defined benefit plans
The Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan (''the Gratuity Plan'') covering eligible employees. The Gratuity Plan provides a lumpsum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee''s salary and the tenure of employment with the Company.
Liabilities with regard to Gratuity Plan are determined by actuarial valuation, performed by an independent actuary, at each balance sheet date using the Projected Unit Credit Method.
The Company fully contributes all ascertained liabilities to the Ajanta Pharma Limited Group Gratuity Trust (the Trust). Trustees administer contributions made to the Trust and contributions are invested in a scheme with Life Insurance Corporation of India as permitted by laws of India.
The retirement benefit obligations recognized in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligations reduced by
the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the scheme. The company recognizes the net obligation of a defined benefit plan in its balance sheet as an asset or liability. Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in full in the other comprehensive income for the period in which they occur. The effect of any plan amendments are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
(ii) Defined contribution plans
Contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized as expense when employees have rendered services entitling them to such benefits.
The Company pays provident fund contributions to publicly administered provident funds as per local regulations. The Company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are accounted for as defined contribution plans and the contributions are recognized as employee benefit expense when they are due. Prepaid contributions are recognized as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments is available.
(iii) Compensated absences
The Company has a policy on compensated absences which are both accumulating and non accumulating in nature. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary at each balance sheet date using projected unit credit method on the additional amount expected to be paid/availed as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date.
Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognized as liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date.
Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognized in the period in which the absences occur.
(iv) Share-based compensation
Employees Stock Options Plans ("ESOPs"): The grant date fair value of options granted to employees is recognized as an employee expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the employees become unconditionally entitled to the options. The expense is recorded for each separately vesting portion of the award as if the award was, in substance, multiple awards. The increase in equity recognized in connection with share based payment transaction is presented as a separate component in equity under "Employee Stock Options Outstanding Reserve". The amount recognized as an expense is adjusted to reflect the actual number of stock options that vest.
The company recognizes compensation expense relating to share-based payments in net profit using fair-value in accordance with Ind AS 102, Share-Based Payment.
6.10. Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
6.11. Lease
The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception date, whether fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets or the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.
Assets acquired on leases where a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by lessor are classified as operating leases. Leases rentals are charged to the statement of profit and loss on straight line basis.
6.12. Government Grants:
Government grants are initially recognized as deferred income at fair value if there is reasonable assurance that they will be received and the Company will comply with the conditions associated with the grant;
- In case of capital grants, they are then recognized in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss as other income on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset.
- In case of grants that compensate the Company for expenses incurred are recognized in Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis in the periods in which the expenses are recognized.
Export benefits available under prevalent schemes are accrued in the year in which the goods are exported and there is no uncertainty in receiving the same.
6.13. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per equity share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity holders of the company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per equity share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity holders of the company by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per equity share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the equity shares been actually issued at fair value. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later date. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented.
6.14. Income Taxes
Income tax expense comprises current and deferred income tax.
Income tax expense is recognized in net profit in the statement of profit and loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity, in which case it is recognized in other comprehensive income. Current income tax for current and prior periods is recognized at the amount expected to be paid to or recovered from the tax authorities, using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for all temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of changes in tax rates on deferred income tax assets and liabilities is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment or the substantive enactment date. A deferred income tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and tax losses can be utilized. The company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Minimum Alternate Tax (''MAT'') credit is recognized as deferred tax asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the period for which the MAT credit can be carried forward for set-off against the normal tax liability. MAT credit recognized as an asset is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and written down to the extent the aforesaid convincing evidence no longer exists.
6.15. Dividends to Shareholders:
Annual dividend distribution to the shareholders is recognized as a liability in the period in which the dividends are approved by the shareholders. Any interim dividend paid is recognized on approval by Board of Directors. Dividend payable and corresponding tax on dividend distribution is recognized directly in equity.
6.16. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities,
Contingent Assets and Commitments General
Provisions (legal or constructive) are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.
Provisions (excluding retirement benefits and compensated absences) are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
If there is any expectation that some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognized as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any virtually certain reimbursement.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risk specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.
Contingent liability is disclosed in the case of:
- a present obligation arising from past events, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation;
- a present obligation arising from past events, when no reliable estimates is possible;
- a possible obligation arising from past events, unless the probability of outflow of resources is remote.
Contingent liabilities are not recognized in the standalone financial statements. Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.
Commitments include the amount of purchase order (net of advances) issued to parties for completion of assets and Non-cancellable operating lease.
Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and commitments are reviewed at each balance sheet date.
Asset Retirement Obligation
Asset retirement obligations (ARO) are provided for those operating lease arrangements where the Company has a binding obligation at the end of the lease period to restore the leased premises in a condition similar to inception of lease. ARO are provided at the present value of expected costs to settle the obligation using discounted cash flows and are recognized as part of the cost of that particular asset. The cash flows are discounted at a current pretax rate that reflects the risks specific to the decommissioning liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognized in the income statement as a finance cost. The estimated future costs of decommissioning are reviewed annually and adjusted as appropriate. Changes in the estimated future costs or in the discount rate applied are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset.
6.17. Fair value measurement
The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date in accordance with Ind AS 113.
Financial Statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following material items in the statement of financial position:
- Derivative financial instruments are measured at fair value received from Bank.
- Mutual Funds are measured at fair values as per Net Asset Value (NAV).
- Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) at fair values as per Actuarial Valuation Report.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or settle a liability in an ordinary transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
- Level 1 â Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
- Level 2 â Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
- Level 3 â Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
6.18. Recent accounting pronouncements
Standards issued but not yet effective
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs in March 2018 has re-notified Ind AS 115, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Earlier, this Standard was omitted and two other standards, Ind AS 11, Construction Contracts and Ind AS 18, Revenue had been notified in its place.Now, after refortification of Ind AS 115, Ind AS 11 and Ind AS 18 would be redundant. Ind AS 115 deals with recognition of revenue arising from sale of goods, rendering of services, interest, royalties and construction contracts. It is a converged form of IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Ind AS 115 shall be applied from financial years beginning on or after 1 st April, 2018.
These amendments are not expected to have any impact on the Company.
7. Critical accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions
The preparation of the Company''s financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. However, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of the assets or liabilities in future periods.
(a) Arrangement containing lease
At the inception of an arrangement, Company determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease. At the inception or on reassessment of an arrangement that contains a lease, Company separates payments and other consideration required by the arrangement into those for the lease and those for the other elements on the basis of their relative fair values.
Company has determined, based on an evaluation of the terms and conditions of the arrangements that such contracts are in the nature of operating leases.
(b) Multiple element contracts with vendors
Company has entered into multiple element contracts with vendors for supply of goods and rendering of services. The consideration paid is/may be determined independent of the value of supplies received and services availed. Accordingly, the supplies and services are accounted for based on their relative fair values to the overall consideration. The supplies with finite life under the contracts (as defined in the significant accounting policies) have been accounted under Property, Plant and Equipment and/or as Intangible assets, since the Company has economic ownership in these assets. The Company believes that the current treatment represents the substance of the arrangement.
(c) Property, Plant and equipment
Determination of the estimated useful life of tangible assets and the assessment as to which components of the cost may be capitalized. Useful life of tangible assets is based on the life prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013. Assumptions also need to be made, when the Company assesses, whether an asset may be capitalized and which components of the cost of the asset may be capitalized.
(d) Intangible Assets
Internal technical or user team assess the remaining useful lives of Intangible assets. Management believes that assigned useful lives are reasonable.
(e) Recognition and measurement of defined benefit obligations:
The obligation arising from the defined benefit plan is determined on the basis of actuarial assumptions. Key actuarial assumptions include discount rate, trends in salary escalation and vested future benefits and life expectancy. The discount rate is determined with reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on the government bonds. The period to maturity of the underlying bonds correspond to the probable maturity of the post-employment benefit obligations.
(f) Recognition of deferred tax assets and income tax:
Deferred tax asset is recognized for all the deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary difference can be utilized. The management assumes that taxable profits will be available while recognizing deferred tax assets.
Management judgment is required for the calculation of provision for income taxes and deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company reviews at each balance sheet date the carrying amount of deferred tax assets. The factors used in estimates may differ from actual outcome which could lead to significant adjustment to the amounts reported in the standalone financial statements.
(g) Recognition and measurement of other provisions:
The recognition and measurement of other provisions are based on the assessment of the probability of an outflow of resources, and on past experience and circumstances known at the balance sheet date. The actual outflow of resources at a future date may, therefore, vary from the figure included in other provisions.
(h) Contingencies
Management judgment is required for estimating the possible outflow of resources, if any, in respect of contingencies/claim/litigations against the Company as it is not possible to predict the outcome of pending matters with accuracy.
(i) Allowance for uncollected accounts receivable and advances
Trade receivables do not carry any interest and are stated at their normal value as reduced by appropriate allowances for estimated irrecoverable amounts. Individual trade receivables are written off when management seems them not collectible. Impairment is made on the expected credit losses, which are the present value of the cash shortfall over the expected life of the financial assets.
The impairment provisions for financial assets are based on assumption about risk of default and expected loss rates. Judgment in making these assumption and selecting the inputs to the impairment calculation are based on past history, existing market condition as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting period.
(j) Insurance claims
Insurance claims are recognized when the Company have reasonable certainty of recovery.
(k) Impairment reviews
An impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit (''CGU'') exceeds
its recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. The value in use calculation is based on a discounted cash flow model. In calculating the value in use, certain assumptions are required to be made in respect of highly uncertain matters, including management''s expectations of growth in EBITDA, long term growth rates; and the selection of discount rates to reflect the risks involved.
20.2 Rights attached to equity shares
The Company has only one class of equity shares with voting rights having a par value of '' 2 per share. The Company declares and pays dividends in Indian Rupees. Any interim dividend paid is recognized on the approval by Board of Directors.
During the year ended 31st March 2018, the amount of dividend per equity share recognized as distribution to equity shareholders is Rs, Nil (Previous Year Rs, 13), which includes interim dividend of Rs, Nil(Previous Year Rs, 13) per equity share.
In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the numbers of equity shares held by shareholders.
Nature of Reserves
a) Capital Redemption Reserve
The Company has recognized Capital Redemption Reserve on buy-back of equity shares from its retained earnings. The amount in Capital Redemption Reserve is equal to nominal amount of the equity shares bought back.
b) Securities Premium
Securities premium account comprises of premium on issue of shares. The reserve is utilised in accordance with the specific provision of the Companies Act, 2013.
c) General Reserve
The General reserve is used from time to time to transfer profits from retained earnings for appropriation purposes. As the General reserve is created by a transfer from one component of equity to another and is not an item of other comprehensive income, items included in the General reserve will not be reclassified subsequently to the statement of profit and loss.
Mar 31, 2016
1.1. Basis of Accounting
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in India
(Indian GAAP). The Company has prepared these financial statements to
comply in all material respects with the accounting standards specified
under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read with Rule 7 of the
Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, and other recognised accounting
practices and policies generally accepted in India. The financial
statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the
historical cost convention unless otherwise specified. The accounting
policies adopted in the preparation of financial statements are
consistent with those of previous year unless otherwise specified.
1.2. Operating Cycle
Based on the nature of its activities, the Company has considered its
operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of current/non-current
classification of assets and liabilities.
1.3. Use of Estimates
Preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires judgements, estimates and assumption to be made, that affect
reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent
liabilities on the date of financial statements and reported amount of
revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could
differ from these estimates and differences between the actual results
and estimates are recognized in the period in which results are known/
materialized.
1.4. Inventories
R aw materials and packing materials are valued at lower of cost and
net realisable value, cost of which includes duties and taxes (net of
CENVAT and VAT, wherever applicable) and is arrived at on FIFO basis.
Cost of imported raw materials and packing materials lying in bonded
warehouse includes custom duty. However, materials and other items held
for use in production of inventories are not written below cost, if the
finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be
sold at or above cost.
Finished products including traded goods and work-in-progress are
valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is arrived at on
FIFO basis.
Cost of finished products and work-in-progress includes material cost,
standard overheads and excise duty, where applicable.
1.5. Cash Flow Statements
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit
before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of the non-cash
nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash
receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with
investing or financing cash flows. The cash flow from operating,
investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.
1.6. Cash And Cash Equivalent
Cash and Cash Equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement
comprise of cash on hand and cash at bank including fixed deposit with
original maturity period of three months or less and short term highly
liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less.
1.7. Fixed Assets
Tangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition, installation or
construction including other direct expenses incurred to bring the
assets to its working condition for its intended use, less accumulated
depreciation/amortisation/ impairment losses, if any.
Intangible assets are stated at cost or acquisition less accumulated
amortisation and impairment loss, if any.
Intangible assets are recognised only if it is probable that the
expected future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets
will flow to the enterprise and the cost of the assets can be measured
reliably.
Capital work-in-progress in respect of assets which are not ready for
their intended use are carried at cost, comprising of direct costs,
related incidental expenses and attributable interest.
1.8. Expenditure during Construction Period
All identifiable revenue expenses including interest incurred in
respect of various projects/expansions are allocated to capital cost of
respective assets on their completion/installation.
1.9. Depreciation/Amortisation
Depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset, or other amount
substituted for cost, less its estimated residual value. Depreciation
on tangible fixed assets is provided on Written Down Value method based
on useful lives of the assets specified in Schedule II of the Companies
Act, 2013. Premium on leasehold land is being written of over the
period of lease. Computer software are amortised over estimated useful
life.
The estimated useful lives of intangible assets and the amortisation
period are reviewed at the end of each financial year and the
amortisation method is revised to reflect the changed pattern, if any.
1.10. Research and Development
Research and development expenditures of revenue nature are charged to
the respective heads in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in
which it is incurred and expenditures of capital nature are added to
respective fixed assets.
1.11. Impairment of Assets
The fixed assets are reviewed for impairment at each balance sheet
date. An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets
exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the
statement of profit and loss in the year in which an asset is
identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognised in prior
accounting periods is reversed, if there has been a change in the
estimate or recoverable amount.
1.12. Revenue Recognition
Revenue on sales is recognised when risk and rewards of ownership of
products are passed on to customers, which are generally on dispatch of
goods. The amount recognised as revenue is exclusive of sales tax,
value added tax ("VAT"), and is net of returns, applicable trade
discounts and allowances. Excise duty collected on sales is shown by
way of deduction from sales. Sales are also netted of for probable
non-saleable return of goods from the customers, estimated on the basis
of historical data of such returns. Revenue from sale of technology /
know how (rights, licences and other intangibles) are recognised when
performance obligation is completed as per the terms of the agreement.
Incomes from services are recognised when services are rendered.
Dividend income is recognised when right to receive dividend is
established. Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis.
Export benefits available under prevalent schemes are accounted to the
extent considered receivable. Revenue is recognised when there is
reasonable certainty of its realisation.
1.13. Insurance Claims
Insurance claims are accounted for on the basis of claims
admitted/expected to be admitted and to the extent that the amount
recoverable can be measured reliably and it is reasonable to expect the
ultimate collection.
1.14. Accounting for Tax
Tax expense comprises of Current and Deferred tax.
Current tax is measured on the basis of the provisions of the Income
Tax Act, 1961.
Deferred tax resulting from timing differences between the accounting
income and taxable income for the period is accounted for using the tax
rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as of
the Balance Sheet date. The carrying amount of deferred tax
assets/liabilities are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date. The Company
writes down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the extent
that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the
case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which deferred tax asset can be realised.
MAT Credit Entitlement as per the provisions of the Income Tax Act,
1961 is treated as an asset by credit to the Statement of Profit &
Loss.
1.15. Excise and Custom Duty
Excise and custom duty is accounted on the basis of payment made in
respect of goods cleared and provision is made for goods lying in
bonded warehouse and included in the valuation of inventory.
1.16. Cenvat, Service Tax and Vat Credit
Cenvat, Service tax and Vat credit receivable/ availed are treated as
an asset when there is reasonable certainty in availing/utilising the
credits and relevant expenses being accounted net of such credit.
Further the said assets are reduced to the extent of their utilisation.
1.17. Foreign Currency Transactions
Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the exchange rates
prevailing on the date of the transaction. The net gain or loss on
account of exchange differences arising on settlement of foreign
currency transactions and / or restatement are dealt with in the
statement of profit and loss as income or expenses of the period in
which they arise. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in
foreign currencies at the balance sheet date are reported using the
rate prevailing as on that date. The resultant exchange differences
are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
In respect of the Forward Exchange contracts with underlying
transaction, the premium or discount arising at the inception of such
contracts are recognised as expenses or income over the life of the
contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognised in the
statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates
change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of
forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense for the
year.
1.18. Investments
Investments which are readily realisable and intended to be held for
not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made
are classified as current investments. All other investments are
classified as long term investments.
Long term Investments are carried individually at cost, less provision
for diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investments.
Current investments are carried individually at lower of cost and
realisable value.
Cost of investments includes expenses directly incurred on acquisition
of investments.
Investments in foreign currency are stated at cost by converting at
exchange rate prevailing, at the time of acquisition/remittance.
1.19. Employee Benefits
Short Term Employee Benefits
These are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the
Statement of Profit and Loss of the period in which the related
services are rendered. Short term compensated absences are provided for
based on actuarial valuation in accordance with company''s policies.
Post Employment Benefits
Company''s contribution for the period paid / payable to defined
contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged to statement of
profit and loss. Company''s liability towards defined benefit plan viz.
gratuity is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method as per
the actuarial valuation carried out at the balance sheet date.
Defend benefit in the form of compensated absences is provided for
based on actuarial valuation at the year-end in accordance with
Company''s policies.
Stock Based Compensation
Employee stock options are accounted as per the accounting treatment
prescribed under Guidance Note on "Accounting for Employee Share-based
payments" issued by the ICAI read with Securities and Exchange Board of
India (Share Based Employee Benefits) Regulation, 2014, as amended till
date. The Compensation cost of stock options granted to employees is
measured by the fair value method and is amortised uniformly over the
vesting period.
1.20.Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs that are attributable to acquisition, construction or
production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as cost of such
assets.
A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily requires a substantial
period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing
costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in
which they are incurred.
1.21. Operating Leases
Assets taken on lease under which all risks and rewards of ownership
are effectively retained by the lessor are classified as operating
lease. Lease payments under operating leases are recognised as expenses
on accrual basis in accordance with the respective lease agreements.
1.22.Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit for
the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average
number of equity shares outstanding during the period. For the purpose
of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for
the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average
number of shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for the
effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
1.23. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions are recognised only when there is present obligation as a
result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation and when a reliable estimate
of the amount of obligation can be made. Provisions (excluding
retirement benefits) are not discounted to their present value and are
determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation
at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet
date and are adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed for (i) Possible obligations which
will be confirmed only by future events not wholly within the control
of the Company or (ii) Present obligations arising from past events
where it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required
to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of amount of the
obligation cannot be made.
Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in the notes. Contingent assets
are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial statements.
Mar 31, 2015
The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to
the periods presented in these financial statements.
2.1. Basis of Accounting
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in India
(Indian GAAP). The Company has prepared these financial statements to
comply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified
under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, (as amended)
which continue to apply as per Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013,
read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, and other
recognised accounting practises and policies generally accepted in
India. The financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis
and under the historical cost convention unless otherwise specified.
The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of financial
statements are consistent with those of previous year unless otherwise
specified.
2.2. Use of Estimates
Preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires estimates and assumption to be made, that affect reported
amounts of assets and liabilities on the date of financial statements
and reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reported
period. Actual results could differ from these estimates and
differences between the actual results and estimates are recognised in
the period in which results are known/ materialised.
2.3. Inventories
Raw materials and packing materials are valued at lower of cost and net
realisable value, cost of which includes duties and taxes (net off
CENVAT and VAT, wherever applicable) and is arrived at on FIFO basis.
Cost of imported raw materials and packing materials lying in bonded
warehouse includes customs duty. However, materials and other items
held for use in production of inventories are not written below cost,
if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are
expected to be sold at or above cost.
Finished products including traded goods and work-in-progress are
valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is arrived at on
FIFO basis.
Cost of finished products and work-in-progress includes material cost,
standard overheads and excise duty, where applicable.
2.4. Cash Flow Statements
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit
before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of the non-cash
nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash
receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with
investing or financing cash flows. The cash flow from operating,
investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.
2.5. Cash and Cash Equivalent
Cash and Cash Equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement
comprise of cash on hand and cash at bank including fixed deposit with
original maturity period of three months or less and short term highly
liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less.
2.6. Fixed Assets
Tangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition, installation or
construction including other direct expenses incurred to bring the
assets to its working condition for its intended use, less accumulated
depreciation/amortisation/ impairment losses, if any.
Intangible assets are stated at cost or acquisition less accumulated
amortisation and impairment loss, if any. Intangible assets are
recognised only if it is probable that the expected future economic
benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the
enterprise and the cost of the assets can be measured reliably.
Capital work-in-progress in respect of assets which are not ready for
their intended use are carried at cost, comprising of direct costs,
related incidental expenses and attributable interest.
2.7. Expenditure during Construction Period
All identifiable revenue expenses including interest incurred in
respect of various projects/ expansions are allocated to capital cost
of respective assets on their completion/installation.
2.8. Depreciation/Amortisation
Depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset, or other amount
substituted for cost, less its estimated residual value. Depreciation
on tangible fixed assets is provided on Written Down Value method based
on useful lives of the assets specified in Schedule II of the Companies
Act, 2013. Premium on leasehold land is being written off over the
period of lease. Computer software are amortised over estimated useful
life.
The estimated useful lives of intangible assets and the amortisation
period are reviewed at the end of each financial year and the
amortisation method is revised to reflect the changed pattern, if any.
2.9. Revenue Recognition
Revenue on sales is recognised when risk and rewards of ownership of
products are passed on to customers, which are generally on dispatch of
goods. The amount recognised as revenue is exclusive of sales tax,
value added tax ("VAT"), and is net off returns, applicable trade
discounts and allowances. Excise duty collected on sales is shown by
way of deduction from sales. Revenue from sale of technology / know how
(rights, licences and other intangibles) are recognised when
performance obligation is completed as per the terms of the agreement.
Incomes from services are recognised when services are rendered.
Dividend income is recognised when right to receive dividend is
established. Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis.
Export benefits available under prevalent schemes are accounted to the
extent considered receivable. Revenue is recognised when there is
reasonable certainty of its realisation.
2.10. Insurance Claims
Insurance claims are accounted for on the basis of claims
admitted/expected to be admitted and to the extent that the amount
recoverable can be measured reliably and it is reasonable to expect the
ultimate collection.
2.11. Research and Development
Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditure
incurred on an individual project is carried forward when its future
recoverability can reasonably be regarded as assured. Any expenditure
carried forward is amortised over the period of expected future sales
from the related project, not exceeding ten years. The carrying value
of development costs is reviewed for impairment annually when the asset
is not yet in use, and otherwise when events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.
Research and development expenditure of a revenue nature is charged to
the revenue in the period in which it is incurred and expenditure of a
capital nature is added to respective fixed assets.
2.12. Excise and Custom Duty
Excise and custom duty is accounted on the basis of payment made in
respect of goods cleared and provision is made for goods lying in
bonded warehouse and included in the valuation of inventory.
2.13. Cenvat, Service Tax and Vat Credit
Cenvat, Service tax and Vat credit receivable/ availed are treated as
an asset when there is reasonable certainty in availing/utilising the
credits and relevant expenses being accounted net of such credit.
Further the said assets are reduced to the extent of their utilisation.
2.14. Foreign Currency Transactions
Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the exchange rates
prevailing on the date of the transaction. The net gain or loss on
account of exchange differences arising on settlement of foreign
currency transactions and / or restatement are dealt with in the
statement of profit and loss as income or expenses of the period in
which they arise. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in
foreign currencies at the balance sheet date are reported using the
rate prevailing as on that date. The resultant exchange differences are
recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
I n respect of the Forward Exchange contracts with underlying
transaction, the premium or discount arising at the inception of such
contracts are recognised as expenses or income over the life of the
contract. In cases where forward contracts are entered, the relevant
foreign currency assets / liabilities are translated at the forward
rate. The resulting exchange difference, if any, is charged to the
statement of profit and loss.
2.15. Investments
Investments which are readily realisable and intended to be held for
not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made
are classified as current investments. All other investments are
classified as long term investments.
Long term Investments are carried individually at cost, less provision
for diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investments.
Current investments are carried individually at lower of cost and
realisable value.
Cost of investments includes expenses directly incurred on acquisition
of investments.
Investments in foreign currency are stated at cost by converting at
exchange rate prevailing, at the time of acquisition/remittance.
2.16. Employee Benefits
Short Term Employee Benefits
These are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the
Statement of Profit and Loss of the period in which the related
services are rendered. Short term compensated absences are provided for
based on actuarial valuation in accordance with company''s policies.
Post Employment Benefits
Company''s contribution for the period paid / payable to defined
contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged to statement of
profit and loss. Company''s liability towards defined benefit plan viz.
gratuity is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method as per
the actuarial valuation carried out at the balance sheet date.
Defined benefit in the form of compensated absences is provided for
based on actuarial valuation at the year-end in accordance with
Company''s policies.
Stock Based Compensation
Employee stock options are accounted as per the accounting treatment
prescribed under Guidance Note on "Accounting for Employee Share-based
payments" issued by the ICAI read with SEBI (Employee Stock Option
Scheme & Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999, as amended
till date, issued by Securities and Exchange Board of India. The
Compensation cost of stock options granted to employees is measured by
the fair value method and is amortised uniformly over the vesting
period.
2.17. Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs that are attributable to acquisition, construction or
production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as cost of such
assets.
A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily requires a substantial
period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing
costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in
which they are incurred.
2.18. Operating Leases
Assets taken on lease under which all risks and rewards of ownership
are effectively retained by the lessor are classified as operating
lease. Lease payments under operating leases are recognised as expenses
on accrual basis in accordance with the respective lease agreements.
2.19. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit for
the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average
number of equity shares outstanding during the period. For the purpose
of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for
the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average
number of shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for the
effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
2.20. Accounting for Tax
Tax expense comprises of Current and Deferred tax.
Current tax is accounted on the basis of the provisions of the Income
Tax Act, 1961.
Deferred tax resulting from timing differences between the book and tax
profits for the period is accounted for using the tax rates and laws
that have been enacted or substantively enacted as of the Balance Sheet
date. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets/liabilities are
reviewed at each Balance Sheet date. The Company writes down the
carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no
longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be,
that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which
deferred tax asset can be realised.
MAT Credit Entitlement as per the provisions of the Income Tax Act,
1961 is treated as an asset by credit to the Statement of Profit &
Loss.
2.21. Impairment of Assets
The fixed assets are reviewed for impairment at each balance sheet
date. An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets
exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the
statement of profit and loss in the year in which an asset is
identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognised in prior
accounting periods is reversed, if there has been a change in the
estimate or recoverable amount.
2.22. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions are recognised only when there is present obligation as a
result of past events and when a reliable estimate of the amount of
obligation can be made. Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are
not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the
best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet
date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and are adjusted to
reflect the current best estimates.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed for (i) Possible obligations which
will be confirmed only by future events not wholly within the control
of the Company or (ii) Present obligations arising from past events
where it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required
to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of amount of the
obligation cannot be made.
Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in the notes. Contingent assets
are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial statements.
Mar 31, 2013
1.1. Basis of Accounting
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in India
(Indian GAAP). The Company has prepared these financial statements to
comply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified
under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, (as amended)
and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial
statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the
historical cost convention unless otherwise specified. The accounting
policies adopted in the preparation of financial statements are
consistent with those of previous year unless otherwise specified.
1.2. Change in Accounting policy
Upto last year the Company used to value stock of sales promotional
materials at cost. From this year the same has been changed and entire
amount is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year of
incurrence.
1.3. Use of Estimates
Preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles, requires estimates and assumption to be
made, that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities on the
date of financial statements and reported amount of revenues and
expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from
these estimates and differences between the actual results and
estimates are recognized in the period in which results are known/
materialized.
1.4. Fixed Assets
Tangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition, installation or
construction including other direct expenses, less accumulated
depreciation, and impairment losses, if any. Intangible assets are
recognised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits
that are attributable to the assets will flow to the enterprise and the
cost ofthe assets can be measured reliably.
1.5. Expenditure during Construction Period
All identifiable revenue expenses including interest incurred in
respect of various projects/expansions are allocated to capital cost of
respective assets on their completion/installation.
1.6. Investments
Long term investments are stated at cost of acquisition. Provision for
diminution in value, is made only if, in the opinion of management such
a decline is other than temporary. Investments in foreign currency are
stated at cost by converting at exchange rate prevailing at the time of
acquisition / remittance.
1.7. Inventories
1.7.1. Raw materials, packing materials, finished/traded goods are
valued at cost or net realisable value whichever is lower.
1.7.2. Works in process are valued at estimated cost.
1.8. Cash And Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement
comprise cash on hand and cash at bank including fixed deposit with
original maturity period of less than three months and short term
highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or
less.
1.9. Foreign Currency Transactions
Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the exchange rates
prevailing on the date of the transaction. The net gain or loss on
account of exchange differences arising on settlement of foreign
currency transactions are recognised as income or expenses of the
period in which they arise. Monetary assets and liabilities
denominated in foreign currencies at the balance sheet date are
reported using the rate prevailing as on that date. The resultant
exchange differences are recognised in the statement of profit and
loss. In cases where forward contracts are entered, the relevant
foreign currency assets / liabilities are translated at the forward
rate. The resulting exchange difference, if any, is charged to the
revenue.
1.10. Revenue Recognition
Revenue on sales is recognised when risk and rewards of ownership of
products are passed on to customers, which are generally on dispatch of
goods. Incomes from services are recognised when services are rendered.
Sales are net of discounts, sales tax and returns; excise duty
collected on sales is shown by way of deduction from sales. Dividend
income is recognised when right to receive dividend is established and
there is no uncertainty as to its reliability. Revenue in respect of
other income is recognised when a reasonable certainty as to its
realisation exists.
Revenue from sale of technology / know how (rights, licences and other
intangibles) are recognised when performance obligation is completed as
per the terms of the agreement.
1.11. Export Benefits
Export benefits available under prevalent schemes are accounted to the
extent considered receivable.
1.12. Depreciation/Amortization
Depreciation is provided on Written Down Value method at the rates
specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956. Premium on
leasehold land is being written off over the period of lease.
Expenditure incurred on ANDA development cost are amortised over
estimated useful life.
1.13. Employee Benefits
1.13.1. ShortTerm Employee Benefits:
Short term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the
services rendered by employees are recognised undiscounted during the
period employee renders services.
1.13.2. Post Employment Benefits:
Company''s contribution for the period paid / payable to defined
contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged to statement of
profit and loss. Company''s liability towards defined benefit plan viz.
gratuity is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method as per
the actuarial valuation carried out at the balance sheet date.
Defined benefit in the form of compensated absences is provided for
based on actuarial valuation at the year-end in accordance with
Company''s rules.
1.13.3. Stock Based Compensation:
Employee stock options are accounted as per the accounting treatment
prescribed under Guidance Note on "Accounting for Employee
Share-based payments" issued by the ICAI read with SEBI (Employee
Stock Option Scheme & Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999
issued by Securities and Exchange Board of India. The Compensation cost
of stock options granted to employees is measured by the fair value
method and is amortised uniformly over the vesting period.
1.14. Research and Development
Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditure
incurred on an individual project is carried forward when its future
recoverability can reasonably be regarded as assured. Any expenditure
carried forward is amortised over the period of expected future sales
from the related project, not exceeding ten years. The carrying value
of development costs is reviewed for impairment annually when the asset
is not yet in use, and otherwise when events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.
1.15. Excise and Custom Duty
Excise duty in respect of finished goods lying in factory premises and
customs duty on goods lying in custom bonded warehouse are provided for
and included in the valuation of inventory.
1.16. Cenvat, Service Tax and Vat Credit
Cenvat, Service Tax and Vat credit receivable/availed are treated as an
asset with relevant expenses being accounted net of such credit, and
the same is reduced to the extent of their utilisations.
1.17. Income Tax
Current tax is accounted on the basis of Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred
tax resulting from timing differences between book and tax profits is
accounted for at the current rate of tax, to the extent that the timing
differences are expected to crystallise. MAT Credit Entitlement as per
the provisions of Income Tax Act, 1961 is treated as an asset in
accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in
respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income Tax Act, 1961, by
credit to the statement of profit and loss.
1.18. Impairment of Assets
The fixed assets and producing properties are reviewed for impairment
at each balance sheet date. An asset is impaired when the carrying cost
of assets exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged
to the statement of profit and loss in the year in which an asset is
identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior
accounting periods is reversed, if there has been a change in the
estimate or recoverable amount.
1.19. Operating Leases
Assets taken on lease under which all risks and rewards of ownership
are effectively retained by the lessor are classified as operating
lease. Lease payments under operating leases are recognised as expenses
on accrual basis in accordance with the respective lease agreements.
1.20. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions are recognised only when there is present obligation as a
result of past events and when a reliable estimate of the amount of
obligation can be made. Contingent liability is disclosed for (i)
Possible obligations which will be confirmed only by future events not
wholly within the control of the Company or (ii) Present obligations
arising from past events where it is not probable that an outflow of
resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable
estimate of amount of the obligation cannot be made. Contingent assets
are not recognised in the financial statements since this may result in
the recognition of income that may never be realised.
1.21. Borrowing Cost
Borrowing cost attributable to acquisition or construction of
qualifying assets is capitalised as cost of such assets. A qualifying
asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get
ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to
revenue.
1.22. Cash Flow Statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit
before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of the non-cash
nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash
receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with
investing or financing cash flows. The cash flow from operating,
investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.
1.23. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit for
the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average
number of equity shares outstanding during the period. For the purpose
of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for
the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average
number of shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for the
effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
Mar 31, 2011
A) Basis of Accounting
The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost
convention on accrual basis and in accordance with the generally
accepted accounting principles in India and comply with the mandatory
Accounting Standards issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants
of India and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 unless
otherwise specified hereinafter.
b) Use of Estimates
Preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles, requires estimates and assumption to be
made, that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities on the
date of financial statements and reported amount of revenues and
expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from
these estimates and differences between the actual results and
estimates are recognized in the period in which results are known /
materialized.
c) Fixed Assets
Tangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition, installation or
construction including other direct expenses, less accumulated
depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Intangible assets are
recognised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits
that are attributable to the assets will flow to the enterprise and the
cost of the assets can be measured reliably.
d) Expenditure during Construction Period
All identifiable revenue expenses including interest incurred in
respect of various projects/expansions are allocated to capital cost of
respective assets on their completion/installation.
e) Investments
Long term investments are stated at cost of acquisition. Provision for
diminution in value, is made only if, in the opinion of management such
a decline is other than temporary. Investments in foreign currency are
stated at cost by converting at exchange rate prevailing at the time of
acquisition / remittance.
f) Inventories
i) Raw materials, packing materials, finished/traded goods are valued
at cost or net realisable value whichever is lower.
ii) Works in process are valued at estimated cost.
iii) Sales promotional items are valued at cost.
g) Foreign Currency Transactions
Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the exchange rates
prevailing on the date of the transaction. The net gain or loss on
account of exchange differences arising on settlement of foreign
currency transactions are recognised as income or expenses of the
period in which they arise. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated
in foreign currencies at the balance sheet date are reported using the
rate prevailing as on that date. The resultant exchange differences are
recognised in the profit and loss account. In cases where forward
contracts are entered, the relevant foreign currency assets /
liabilities are translated at the forward rate. The resulting exchange
difference, if any, is charged to the revenue.
h) Revenue Recognition
Revenue on sales is recognised when risk and rewards of ownership of
products are passed on to customers, which are generally on dispatch of
goods. Incomes from services are recognised when services are rendered.
Sales are net of discounts, sales tax and returns; excise duty
collected on sales is shown by way of deduction
from sales. Dividend income is recognised when right to receive
dividend is established and there is no uncertainty as to its
realisability. Revenue in respect of other income is recognised when a
reasonable certainty as to its realisation exists.
i) Export Benefits
Export benefits available under prevalent schemes are accounted to the
extent considered receivable.
j) Depreciation / Amortization
Depreciation is provided on Written Down Value method at the rates
specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956. Premium on
leasehold land and improvement to leasehold premises are being written
off over the period of lease.
k) Employee Benefits
Short Term Employee Benefits:
Short term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the
services rendered by employees are recognised undiscounted during the
period employee renders services.
Post Employment Benefits:
CompanyÃs contribution for the period paid / payable to defined
contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged to Profit and Loss
Account. CompanyÃs liability towards defined benefit plan viz. gratuity
is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method as per the
actuarial valuation carried out at the balance sheet date.
l) Research and Development
Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditure
incurred on an individual project is carried forward when its future
recoverability can reasonably be regarded as assured. Any expenditure
carried forward is amortised over the period of expected future sales
from the related project, not exceeding ten years. The carrying value
of development costs is reviewed for impairment annually when the asset
is not yet in use, and otherwise when events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.
m) Excise and Custom Duty
Excise duty in respect of finished goods lying in factory premises and
customs duty on goods lying in custom bonded warehouse are provided for
and included in the valuation of inventory.
n) Cenvat, Service Tax and Vat Credit
Cenvat, Service Tax and Vat credit receivable/availed are treated as an
asset with relevant expenses being accounted net of such credit and the
same is reduced to the extent of their utilisations.
o) Income Tax
Current tax is accounted on the basis of Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred
tax resulting from timing differences between book and tax profits is
accounted for at the current rate of tax, to the extent that the timing
differences are expected to crystallise. MAT Credit Entitlement as per
the provisions of Income Tax Act, 1961 is treated as an asset by credit
to the Profit & Loss Account.
p) Impairment of Assets
The fixed assets and producing properties are reviewed for impairment
at each balance sheet date. An asset is impaired when the carrying cost
of assets exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged
to the Profit & Loss Account in the year in which an asset is
identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior
accounting periods is reversed, if there has been a change in the
estimate or recoverable amount.
q) Operating Leases
Assets taken on lease under which all risks and rewards of ownership
are effectively retained by the lessor are classified as operating
lease. Lease payments under operating leases are recognised as expenses
on accrual basis in accordance with the respective lease agreements.
r) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions are recognised only when there is present obligation as a
result of past events and when a reliable estimate of the amount of
obligation can be made. Contingent liability is disclosed for (i)
Possible obligations which will be confirmed only by future events not
wholly within the control of the Company or (ii) Present obligations
arising from past events where it is not probable that an outflow of
resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable
estimate of amount of the obligation cannot be made. Contingent assets
are not recognised in the financial statements since this may result in
the recognition of income that may never be realised.
s) Borrowing Cost
Borrowing cost attributable to acquisition or construction of
qualifying assets is capitalised as cost of such assets. A qualifying
asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get
ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to
revenue.
Mar 31, 2010
A) Basis of Accounting
The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost
convention on accrual basis and in accordance with the generally
accepted accounting principles in India and comply with the mandatory
Accounting Standards issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants
of India and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 unless
otherwise specified hereinafter.
b) Use of Estimates
Preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles, requires estimates and assumption to be
made, that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities on the
date of financial statements and reported amount of revenues and
expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from
these estimates and differences between the actual results and
estimates are recognized in the period in which results are known /
materialized.
c) Fixed Assets
Tangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition, installation or
construction including other direct expenses, less accumulated
depreciation, and impairment losses, if any. Intangible assets are
recognised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits
that are attributable to the assets will flow to the enterprise and the
cost of the assets can be measured reliably.
d) Expenditure during Construction Period
All identifiable revenue expenses including interest incurred in
respect of various projects/expansions are allocated to capital cost of
respective assets on their completion/installation.
e) Investments
Long term investments are stated at cost of acquisition. Provision for
diminution in value, is made only if, in the opinion of management such
a decline is other than temporary. Investments in foreign currency are
stated at cost by converting at exchange rate prevailing at the time of
acquisition / remittance.
f) Inventories
i) Raw materials, packing materials, finished/traded goods are valued
at cost or net realisable value
whichever is lower. ii) Work in process are valued at estimated cost.
iii) Sales promotional items are valued at cost.
h) Revenue Recognition
Revenue on sales is recognised when risk and rewards of ownership of
products are passed on to customers, which are generally on dispatch of
goods. Incomes from services are recognised when services are rendered.
Sales are net of discounts, sales tax and returns; excise duty
collected on sales is shown by way of deduction from sales. Dividend
income is recognised when right to receive dividend is established and
there is no uncertainty as to its realisability. Revenue in respect of
other income is recognised when a reasonable certainty as to its
realisation exists.
i) Export Benefits
Export benefits available under prevalent schemes are accounted to the
extent considered receivable. j) Depreciation / Amortization
Depreciation is provided on Written Down Value method at the rates
specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956. Premium on
leasehold land is being written off over the period of lease.
k) Employee Benefits
Short Term Employee Benefits:
Short term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the
services rendered by employees are recognised undiscounted during the
period employee renders services.
Post Employment Benefits:
CompanyÃs contribution for the period paid / payable to defined
contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged to Profit and Loss
Account. CompanyÃs liability towards defined benefit plan viz. gratuity
is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method as per the
actuarial valuation carried out at the balance sheet date.
l) Research and Development
Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditure
incurred on an individual project is carried forward when its future
recoverability can reasonably be regarded as assured. Any expenditure
carried forward is amortised over the period of expected future sales
from the related project, not exceeding ten years. The carrying value
of development costs is reviewed for impairment annually when the asset
is not yet in use, and otherwise when events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.
m) Excise and Custom Duty
Excise duty in respect of finished goods lying in factory premises and
customs duty on goods lying in custom bonded warehouse are provided
for and included in the valuation of inventory.
n) Cenvat, Service Tax and Vat Credit
Cenvat, Service Tax and Vat credit receivable/availed are treated as an
asset with relevant expenses being accounted net of such credit, and
the same is reduced to the extent of their utilisations.
o) Income Tax
Current tax is accounted on the basis of Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred
tax resulting from timing differences between book and tax profits is
accounted for at the current rate of tax, to the extent that the timing
differences are expected to crystallise. MAT Credit Entitlement as per
the provisions of Income Tax Act, 1961 is treated as an asset by credit
to the Profit & Loss Account. p) Impairment of Assets
The fixed assets and producing properties are reviewed for impairment
at each balance sheet date. An asset is impaired when the carrying cost
of assets exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged
to the Profit & Loss Account in the year in which an asset is
identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior
accounting periods is reversed, if there has been a change in the
estimate or recoverable amount.
q) Operating Leases
Assets taken on lease under which all risks and rewards of ownership
are effectively retained by the lessor are classified as operating
lease. Lease payments under operating leases are recognised as expenses
on accrual basis in accordance with the respective lease agreements.
r) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions are recognised only when there is present obligation as a
result of past events and when a reliable estimate of the amount of
obligation can be made. Contingent liability is disclosed for (i)
Possible obligations which will be confirmed only by future events not
wholly within the control of the Company or (ii) Present obligations
arising from past events where it is not probable that an outflow of
resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable
estimate of amount of the obligation cannot be made. Contingent assets
are not recognised in the financial statements since this may result in
the recognition of income that may never be realised.
s) Borrowing Cost
Borrowing cost attributable to acquisition or construction of
qualifying assets is capitalised as cost of such assets. A qualifying
asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get
ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to
revenue.
Disclaimer: This is 3rd Party content/feed, viewers are requested to use their discretion and conduct proper diligence before investing, GoodReturns does not take any liability on the genuineness and correctness of the information in this article
More Information on Ajanta Pharma Ltd.
-
Ajanta Pharma Ltd. Tools
- Bulk Deals
- Block Deals
-
Ajanta Pharma Ltd. Company Details
- Company Profile
- Company History
- Management Team
- Capital Structure
- Product Mix
- Banker/Auditor/Registrar
-
Company History
- Bonus
- BSE Price History
- NSE Price History
-
Ajanta Pharma Ltd. Key Financial Ratios
- Ratios
-
Ajanta Pharma Ltd. Results
- Quarterly Results
- Half Yearly Results
- Nine Months Results
- Annual Results
-
Ajanta Pharma Ltd. Financial Data
- Audited Results
- Cash Flow
- Balance Sheet
-
Ajanta Pharma Ltd. Reports
- Accounting Policies
- Auditors Report
- Directors Report
- Notes To Account
-
Ajanta Pharma Ltd. Corporate Announcements
- Book Closure
- Dividend
- Board Meetings
