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Accounting Policies of Archit Organosys Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2016

(a) Basis of preparation of financial statements

(i) The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP). The Company has prepared these financial statements to comply, in all material respects, with the accounting standards notified under section 133 of the Companies Act 2013, read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014.

(ii) The financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis under the historical cost convention. The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and are consistent with those used in the previous year.

(iii) The Ministry of Company Affairs (MCA) vide its notification no. G.S.R 364 (E) dated 30th March, 2016 has issued the Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendments Rules, 2016 amending and replacing certain accounting standards. However, in view of clarification issued by MCA with regard to its applicability, such amended accounting standards are to be used for preparation of accounts for accounting periods commencing on or after the date of notification. Therefore, the effects has not been considered in this financial statements.

(b) Use of estimates

The presentation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Differences between the actual result and estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known/ determined.

(c) Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets are stated at their original cost net of cenvat including incidental expenses related to acquisition and installation, less accumulated depreciation. Cost comprises of the purchase price and any other attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use.

At the balance sheet date, an assessment is done to determine whether there is any indication of impairment in the carrying amount of Company''s fixed assets. If any such indication exists, the asset''s recoverable amount is estimated .An impairment loss is recognized whenever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount.

After recognition of impairment loss, the depreciation charge for the assets is adjusted in future periods to allocate the asset''s revised carrying amount, less its residual value (if any), on straight line basis over its remaining useful life.

In accordance with the provisions contained in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, the components of an asset, which have significant cost to total cost of assets and its own useful life, are required to be depreciated separately over its own useful life. Pursuant to such requirement, the company has retained a technical expert to identify such components and based on certificate obtained from such technical expert, the company does not have any such components. Accordingly the company is not required to determine depreciation separately.

(d) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing Costs that are directly attributable to acquisition of qualifying assets are capitalized for the period until the asset is ready for intended use. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use.

Other borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

(e) Depreciation

(i) Depreciation on Tangible Fixed Assets is provided on straight line method over the useful lives of assets specified in Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act 2013 read with the relevant notifications issued by the Department of Company affairs.

(ii) Depreciation on assets acquired / disposed off during the year is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition/disposal.

(iii) Lease hold land is amortized over the period of lease.

(f) Inventories

(i) Stock in trade comprising of raw materials (including goods in transit) and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value after making such provisions as required on account of damage, unserviceable and obsolete stocks. Value of raw material does not include excise duty, countervailing duty paid to the extent of which CENVAT credit is availed. Excise duty on goods manufactured by the company and remaining in inventory is included as a part of valuation of finished goods.

(ii) Work-in-process is valued at cost to the extent of stage of completion.

(iii) Stores, spares, consumable and packing materials are charged to profit and loss account as and when they are procured and stock of such items as at the end of the year is accounted at cost.

(g) Revenue Recognition

(i) Revenue in respect of domestic sale of products is recognized when the risks and rewards of ownership are passed on to the customers, which is upon dispatch of products. Sales are stated at contractual realizable values, net of excise duty, sales tax and trade discount.

(ii) Export Sales are recognized at invoiced value converted in to reporting currency by applying the exchange rate prevailing on transaction date i.e. Bill of lading date.

(iii) Export Incentives are accounted for on accrual basis to the extent there is certainty about its ultimate collection.

(h) Foreign Currency Transactions

(i) Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transactions.

(ii) In respect of monetary items denominated in foreign currencies, exchange differences arising out of settlement or on conversion at the closing rate are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.

The difference in translation and realized gains and losses on foreign exchange transactions, other than those relating to imported fixed assets are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account. Further in respect of transaction covered by forward exchange contract, the difference between the contract rats and the spot rate on the date of the transaction is charged to the Profit and Loss account over the period of the contract.

(i) Retirement Benefits

(i) Contributions to provident fund are made at predetermined rates to Government Authority and charged to profit and loss account.

(ii) Retirement Benefits being Gratuity is accounted for based on actuarial valuation by the independent valuer.

(j) Excise/Custom Duty

Excise duty has been accounted based on both payments made in respect of goods cleared from factory premises and provision made for manufactured goods lying unsold at year-end in factory premises.

(k) Taxation

(i) Current year tax is provided based on taxable income computed in accordance with the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961.

(ii) Deferred tax is recognized, subject to the consideration of prudence, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable incomes and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent period. Deferred tax assets are recognized on unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses based on virtual certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

(iii) MAT credit asset is recognized where there is convincing evidence that the asset can be realized in future. MAT credit assets are reviewed at each balance sheet and written down or written up to reflect the amount that is reasonably certain to be realized.

(l) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the Notes. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.


Mar 31, 2015

(a) Basis of preparation of financial statements

(i) The financial statements of the company have been prepared and presented in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principle under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis. The Company has prepared these financial statements to comply in all material respects with the Accounting Standards as prescribed under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 7 of Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014.

(ii) The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are consistent with those of previous year.

(b) Use of estimates

The presentation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Differences between the actual result and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known/ determined.

(c) Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets are stated at their original cost net of cenvat including incidental expenses related to acquisition and installation, less accumulated depreciation. Cost comprises of the purchase price and any other attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use.

At the balance sheet date, an assessment is done to determine whether there is any indication of impairment in the carrying amount of Company''s fixed assets. If any such indication exists, the asset''s recoverable amount is estimated .An impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount.

After recognition of impairment loss, the depreciation charge for the assets is adjusted in future periods to allocate the asset''s revised carrying amount, less its residual value (if any), on straight line basis over its remaining useful life.

(d) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing Costs that are directly attributable to acquisition of qualifying assets are capitalized for the period until the asset is ready for intended use. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use.

Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

(e) Depreciation

(i) Depreciation on Tangible Fixed Assets is provided on straight line method over the useful lives of assets specified in Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 read with the relevant notifications issued by the Department of Company affairs.

(ii) Depreciation on assets acquired / disposed off during the year is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition/disposal.

(iii) Lease hold land is amortised over the period of lease.

(iv) Intangible assets being Computer and Laboratory Software are amortized over a period of its useful life on a straight line basis .commencing from date the assets is available to the company for its use i.e.three years estimated by the Management.

(f) Inventories

(i) Stock in trade comprising of raw materials (including goods in transit) and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value after making such provisions as required on account of damage, unserviceable and obsolete stocks. Value of raw material does not include excise duty, countervailing duty paid to the extent of which CENVAT credit is available. Excise duty on goods manufactured by the company and remaining in inventory is included as a part of valuation of finished goods.

(ii) Work-in-process is valued at cost to the extent of stage of completion.

(iii) Stores, spares, consumable and packing materials are charged to profit and loss account as and when they are procured and stock of such items as at the end of the year is accounted at cost.

(g) Revenue Recognition

(i) Revenue in respect of domestic sale of products is recognised when the risks and rewards of ownership, are passed on to the customers, which is upon dispatch of products. Sales are stated at contractual realizable values, net of excise duty, sales tax and trade discount.

(ii) Export Sales are recognized at invoiced value converted in to reporting currency by applying the exchange rate prevailing on transaction date i.e. Bill of lading date.

(iii) Revenue from services is recognised upon rendition of the services.

(iv) Export Incentives are accounted for on accrual basis.

(h) Foreign Currency Transactions

(i) Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transactions.

(ii) In respect of monetary items denominated in foreign currencies, exchange differences arising out of settlement or on conversion at the closing rate are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.

The difference in translation and realised gains and losses on foreign exchange transactions, other than those relating to imported fixed assets are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. Further in respect of transaction covered by forward exchange contract, the difference between the contract rate and the spot rate on the date of the transaction is charged to the Profit and Loss account over the period of the contract.

(i) Retirement Benefits

(i) Contributions to provident fund are made at predetermined rates to Government Authority and charged to profit and loss account.

(ii) Retirement Benefits being Gratuity is accounted for based on actuarial valuation by the independent valuer.

(j) Excise/Custom Duty

Excise duty has been accounted based on both payments made in respect of goods cleared from factory premises and provision made for manufactured goods lying unsold at year-end in factory premises.

(k) Taxation

(i) Current year tax is provided based on taxable income computed in accordance with the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961.

(ii) Deferred tax is recognized, subject to the consideration of prudence, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable incomes and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent period. Deferred tax assets are recognized on unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses based on virtual certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

(iii) MAT credit asset is recognized where there is convincing evidence that the asset can be realized in future. MAT credit assets are reviewed at each balance sheet and written down or written up to reflect the amount that is reasonably certain to be realized.

(l) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the Notes. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.


Mar 31, 2011

(a) Basis of preparation of financial statements

These financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis Of accounting, under the historical cost convention, in accordance with the Companies Act, 1956, the applicable accounting standards notified by The Companies Accounting Standard Rules, 2006 and the Guidance note issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.

(b) Use of estimates

The presentation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Differences between the actual result and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known/ determined.

(c) Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets are stated at their original cost net of cenvat including incidental expenses related to acquisition and installation, less accumulated depreciation. Cost comprises of the purchase price and any other attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use.

At the balance sheet date, an assessment is done to determine whether there is any indication of impairment in the carrying amount of Company's fixed assets. If any such indication exists, the asset's recoverable amount is estimated .An impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount.

After recognition of impairment loss, the depreciation charge for the assets is adjusted in future periods to allocate the asset's revised carrying amount, less its residual value (if any), on straight line basis over its remaining useful life.

(d) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing Costs that are directly attributable to acquisition of qualifying assets are capitalized for the period until the asset is ready for intended use. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use.

Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

(e) Depreciation

(i) Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on Straight Line Method at rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956

(ii) Depreciation on additions/deletion is provided on pro rata basis.

(iii) Lease hold land is amortised over the period of lease.

(iv) Intangible assets being Computer and Laboratory Software are amortized over a period of its useful life i.e. three years estimated by the Management.

(f) Inventories

(i) Stock In trade comprising of raw materials (including goods in transit) and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value after making such provisions as required on account of damage, unserviceable and obsolete stocks. Value of raw material does not include excise duty, countervailing duty paid to the extent of which CENVAT credit is available. Excise duty on goods manufactured by the company and remaining in inventory is included as a part of valuation of finished goods.

(ii) Work-in-process is valued at cost to the extent of stage of completion.

(iii) Stores, spares, consumable and packing materials are charged to profit and loss account as and when they are procured and stock of such items as at the end of the year is accounted at cost.

(g) Revenue Recognition

(i) Revenue in respect of domestic sale of products is recognised when the risks and rewards of ownership are passed on to the customers, which is upon dispatch of products. Sales are stated at contractual realizable values, net of excise duty, sales tax and trade discount

(ii) Export Sales are recognised on the date of dispatch of products from the factory and shown on C.I.F. basis.

(iii) Revenue from services is recognised upon rendition of the services.

(iv) Export Incentives are accounted for on accrual basis.

(h) Foreign Currency Transactions

(i) Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transactions.

{ii) In respect of monetary items denominated in foreign currencies, exchange differences arising out of settlement or on conversion at the closing rate are recognized In the Profit and Loss Account.

The difference in translation and realised gains and losses on foreign exchange transactions, other than those relating to imported fixed assets are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. Further in respect of transaction covered by forward exchange contract, the difference between the contract rate and the spot rate on the date of the transaction is charged to the Profit and Loss account over the period of the contract

(I) Retirement Benefits

(i) Contributions to provident fund are made at predetermined rates to Government Authority and charged to profit and loss account.

(ii) Gratuity liabilities is accounted for on the basis of actuarial valuation.

(j) Excise/Custom Duty

Excise duty has been accounted based on both payments made in respect of goods cleared from factory premises and provision made for manufactured goods lying unsold at year-end in factory premises.

(k) Taxation

(i) Current year tax is provided based on taxable income computed in accordance with the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961.

(ii) Deferred tax is recognized, subject to the consideration of prudence, on timing differences. being the difference between taxable incomes and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent period. Deferred tax assets are recognized on unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses based on virtual certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

(l) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the Notes. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.


Mar 31, 2010

(a) Basis of preparation of financial statements

These financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting, under the historical cost convention, in accordance with the Companies Act, 1956 and the applicable accounting standards issued by The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.

(b) Use of estimates

The presentation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Differences between the actual result and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known/ determined.

(c) Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets are stated at their original cost net of cenvat including incidental expenses related to acquisition and installation, less accumulated depreciation. Cost comprises of the purchase price and any other attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use.

At the balance sheet date, an assessment is done to determine whether there is any indication of impairment in the carrying amount of Companys fixed assets. If any such indication exists, the assets recoverable amount is estimated. An impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount.

After recognition of impairment loss, the depreciation charge for the assets is adjusted in future periods to allocate the assets revised carrying amount, less its residual value (if any), on straight line basis over its remaining useful life.

(d) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing Costs that are directly attributable to acquisition of qualifying assets are capitalized for the period until the asset is ready for intended use. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

(e) Depreciation

(i) Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on Straight Line Method at rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956

(ii) Depreciation on additions/deletion is provided on pro rata basis.

(iii) Lease hold land is amortised over the period of lease.

(iv) Intangible assets being Computer and Laboratory Software are amortized over a period of its useful life i.e. three years estimated by the Management.

(f) Inventories

(i) Stock in trade comprising of raw materials (including goods in transit) and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value after making such provisions as required on account of damage, unserviceable and obsolete stocks. Value of raw material does not include excise duty, countervailing duty paid to the extent of which CENVAT credit is available. Excise duty on goods manufactured by the company and remaining in inventory is included as a part of valuation of finished goods.

(ii) Work-in-process is valued at cost to the extent of stage of completion.

(iii) Stores, spares, consumable and packing materials are charged to profit and loss account as and when they are procured and stock of such items as at the end of the year is accounted at cost.

(g) Revenue Recognition

(i) Revenue in respect of domestic sale of products is recognised when the risks and rewards of ownership are passed on to the customers, which is upon dispatch of products. Sales are stated at contractual realizable values, net of excise duty, sales tax and trade discount.

(ii) Export Sales are recognised on the date of dispatch of products from the factory and shown on C.I.F. basis.

(iii) Revenue from services is recognised upon rendition of the services.

(iv) Export Incentives are accounted for on accrual basis.

(h) Foreign Currency Transactions

(i) Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transactions.

(ii) In respect of monetary items denominated in foreign currencies, exchange differences arising out of settlement or on conversion at the closing rate are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.

The difference in translation and realised gains and losses on foreign exchange transactions, other than those relating to imported fixed assets are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. Further in respect of transaction covered by forward exchange contract, the difference between the contract rate and the spot rate on the date of the transaction is charged to the Profit and Loss account over the period of the contract

(i) Retirement Benefits

(i) Contributions to provident fund are made at predetermined rates to Government Authority and charged to profit and loss account.

(ii) Gratuity liabilities is accounted for on the basis of actuarial valuation.

(j) Excise/Custom Duty

Excise duty has been accounted based on both payments made in respect of goods cleared from factory premises and provision made for manufactured goods lying unsold at year-end in factory premises.

(k) Taxation

(i) Current year tax is provided based on taxable income computed in accordance with the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961.

(ii) Deferred tax is recognized, subject to the consideration of prudence, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable incomes and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent period. Deferred tax assets are recognized on unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses based on virtual certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

(l) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the Notes. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.


Sep 30, 2009

(a) Basis of preparation of financial statements

These financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting, under the historical cost convention, in accordance with the Companies Act, 1956 and the applicable accounting standards issued by The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.

(b) Use of estimates

The presentation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Differences between the actual result and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known/ determined.

(c) Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets are stated at their original cost net of cenvat including incidental expenses related to acquisition and installation, less accumulated depreciation. Cost comprises of the purchase price and any other attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use.

At the balance sheet date, an assessment is done to determine whether there is any indication of impairment in the carrying amount of Companys fixed assets. If any such indication exists, the assets recoverable amount is estimated. An impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount.

After recognition of impairment loss, the depreciation charge for the assets is adjusted in future periods to allocate the assets revised carrying amount, less its residual value (if any), on straight line basis over its remaining useful life.

(d) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing Costs that are directly attributable to acquisition of qualifying assets are capitalized for the period until the asset is ready for intended use. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use.

Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

(e) Depreciation

(i) Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on Straight Line Method at rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956

(ii) Depreciation on additions/deletion is provided on pro rata basis.

(iii) Lease hold land is amortised over the period of lease.

(iv) Intangible assets being Computer and Laboratory Software are amortized over a period of its useful life i.e. three years estimated by the Management.

(f) Inventories

(i) Stock in trade comprising of raw materials (including goods in transit) and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value after making such provisions as required on account of damage, unserviceable and obsolete stocks. Value of raw material does not include excise duty, countervailing duty paid to the extent of which CENVAT credit is available. Excise duty on goods manufactured by the company and remaining in inventory is included as a part of valuation of finished goods.

(ii) Work-in-process is valued at cost to the extent of stage of completion.

(iii) Stores, spares, consumable and packing materials are charged to profit and loss account as and when they are procured and stock of such items as at the end of the year is accounted at cost.

(g) Reygnue. Recognition

(i) Revenue in respect of domestic sale of products is recognised when the risks and rewards of ownership are passed on to the customers, which is upon dispatch of products. Sales are stated at contractual realizable values, net of excise duty, sales tax and trade discount.

(ii) Export Sales are recognised on the date of dispatch of products from the factory and shown on C.I.F. basis.

(iii) Revenue from services is recognised upon rendition of the services.

(iv) Export Incentives are accounted for on accrual basis.

(h) Foreign Currency Transactions

(i) Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transactions.

(ii) In respect of monetary items denominated in foreign currencies, exchange differences arising out of settlement or on conversion at the closing rate are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.

The difference in translation and realised gains and losses on foreign exchange transactions, other than those relating to imported fixed assets are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. Further in respect of transaction covered by forward exchange contract, the difference between the contract rate and the spot rate on the date of the transaction is charged to the Profit and Loss account over the period of the contract

(i) Retirement Benefits

(i) Contributions to provident fund are made at predetermined rates to Government Authority and charged to profit and loss account.

(ii) Gratuity liabilities is accounted for on the basis of actuarial valuation.

(j) Excise/Custom Duty

Excise duty has been accounted based on both payments made in respect of goods cleared from factory premises and provision made for manufactured goods lying unsold at year-end in factory premises.

(k) Taxation

(i) Current year tax is provided based on taxable income computed in accordance with the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961.

(ii) Deferred tax is recognized, subject to the consideration of prudence, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable incomes and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent period. Deferred tax assets are recognized on unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses based on virtual certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

(l) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the Notes. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.

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