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Accounting Policies of Balrampur Chini Mills Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2023

IA. Corporate information

Balrampur Chini Mills Limited ("BCML" or "Company") having Corporate Identity Number ("CIN") L15421WB1975PLC030118 is a public limited company incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act, domiciled in India, and has its registered office located at FMC Fortuna, 2nd Floor, 234/ 3A, A. J. C. Bose Road, Kolkata - 700020, West Bengal, India.

The Company''s shares are listed on the BSE Ltd. and National Stock Exchange of India Ltd.

The Company is one of the major integrated sugar manufacturing companies in India. The principal activity of the Company is manufacturing and sale of sugar. Besides this, the allied business activities of the Company primarily consist of manufacturing and sale of ethanol, ethyl alcohol, generation and sale of co-generated power, and manufacturing and sale of agricultural fertilizers.

The standalone financial statements for the year ended 31st March, 2023 were approved for issue by the Company''s Board of Directors on 11th May, 2023 and are subject to adoption by the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting.

IB. Basis of preparation

These standalone financial statements ("financial statements") have been prepared under Indian Accounting Standards ("Ind AS") prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act") read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) and other relevant provisions of the Act (to the extent notified) and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Act, as applicable to the standalone financial statements under historical cost convention and on an accrual basis, except certain financial instruments and biological assets which are measured in terms of relevant Ind AS at fair value/ cost/ amortised cost.

All Ind AS issued and notified till the standalone financial statements are approved for issue by the Board of Directors have been considered in preparing these standalone financial statements.

Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued Ind AS is initially adopted or a revision to an existing Ind AS requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.

All the assets and liabilities (other than Deferred tax assets/ liabilities) have been classified as current or non-current as per Company''s normal operating cycle, and other criteria set out in Division II of Schedule III to the Act. The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash or cash equivalents. The Company has identified its operating cycle as 12 months for current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are considered non-current.

The items included in the standalone financial statements (including notes thereon) are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates ("the functional currency") and are, therefore, presented in Indian Rupees ("INR" or "Rupees" or "Rs." or " H"). All amounts disclosed in the standalone financial statements, including notes thereon, have been rounded off to the nearest two decimals of Lakhs unless otherwise stated.

IC. Recent pronouncements

(i) New and revised standards adopted by the Company

Effective 1st April, 2022, the Company has adopted the amendments vide Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2022 notifying amendment to existing Indian Accounting Standards.

These amendments to the extent relevant to the Company''s operations were relating to :

Ind AS 16 "Property, Plant and Equipment" which clarifies that excess of net sale proceeds of items produced over the cost of testing, if any, shall not be recognised in profit or loss but deducted from the directly attributable costs considered as part of cost of an item of Property, plant and equipment; and

Ind AS 37 "Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets" which specifies that the ''cost of fulfilling'' a contract comprises the ''costs that relate directly to the contract''. Costs that relate directly to a contract can either be incremental costs of fulfilling that contract (examples would be direct labour, materials) or an allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling contracts (an example would be the allocation of the depreciation charge for an item of property, plant and equipment used in fulfilling the contract).

1C. Recent pronouncements (contd.)

There were other amendments in various Indian Accounting Standards including Ind AS 101 ''First-time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards'', Ind AS 103 ''Business Combinations'', Ind AS 109 ''Financial Instruments'', and Ind AS 41 ''Agriculture'' which have not been listed herein above since these are either not relevant or material to the Company.

Revision in these standards did not have material impact on the profit/ loss and earnings per share for the year.

(ii) Standards issued but not yet effective

On 31st March, 2023, Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has made certain amendments to existing Indian Accounting Standards vide Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023.

These amendments to the extent relevant to the Company''s operations include amendment to

Ind AS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements" which requires the entities to disclose their material accounting policies rather than their significant accounting policies,

Ind AS 8 "Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors" which has introduced a definition of ''accounting estimates'' and include amendments to help entities distinguish changes in accounting policies from changes in accounting estimates.

Further, consequential amendments with respect to the concept of material accounting policies have also been made in Ind AS 107 ''Financial Instruments: Disclosures'' and Ind AS 34 "Interim Financial Reporting".

There are other amendments in various standards including Ind AS 101 ''First-time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards'', Ind AS 103 ''Business Combinations, Ind AS 109 ''Financial Instruments '' Ind AS 115 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers", Ind AS 12 "Income Taxes" which has narrowed the scope of the initial recognition exemption so that it does not apply to transactions that give rise to equal and offsetting temporary differences and Ind AS 102 "Share-based Payment" which have not been listed herein above since these are either not material or relevant to the Company.

Even though the company will evaluate the impact of above, these amendments as such are not vital in nature and are not likely to have material impact on the financial statements of the Company.

2. Significant accounting policies

2.1 Operating and Other income

(a) Revenue from operations

Revenue from contracts with customers is accounted for only when it has commercial substance, and all the following criteria are met:

(i) parties to the contract have approved the contract and are committed to performing their respective obligations;

(ii) each party''s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred and payment terms there against can be identified;

(iii) consideration in exchange for the goods or service to be transferred is collectible and determinable.

The revenue is recognized on satisfaction of performance obligation, when control over the goods or services has been transferred and/ or goods/ services are delivered/ provided to the customers. Delivery occurs when the goods have been shipped or delivered to a specific location, and the customer has either accepted the goods under the contract or the Company has sufficient evidence that all the criteria for acceptance have been satisfied.

Revenue is measured at the amount of transaction price (consideration specified in the contract with the customers) allocated to that performance obligation. The transaction price of goods sold is net of variable consideration on account of discounts offered by the Company and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties.

(b) Other income

(i) Interest income

For ail debt instruments, measured at amortized cost, interest income is recognized using the Effective Interest Rate ("EIR"). Interest income is included in "Other income" in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(ii) Dividend income

Dividend income is recognized when Company''s right to receive the dividend is established, i.e., in the case of interim dividend, on the date of declaration by the Board of Directors; whereas in the case of final dividend, on the date of approval by the shareholders.

(iii) Insurance claims

Insurance claims are accounted for based on claims admitted/ expected to be admitted and to the extent that there is no uncertainty in receiving the claims.

2.2 Property, plant and equipment (“PPE") and Capital work-in-progress (“CWIP")

(a) Property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. For this purpose, cost includes deemed cost on the date of transition and acquisition price, including nonrecoverable duties and taxes, and any directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to the location and condition of its intended use. In addition, interest on borrowings used to finance the construction of qualifying assets is capitalized as part of the asset''s cost until such time that the asset is ready for its intended use.

(b) Costs incurred subsequent to initial capitalization are included in the assets'' carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to Company and can be measured reliably.

The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. However, the costs of regular servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use, if any, is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for provisions are met.

When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate components. Otherwise, these are added to and depreciated over the useful life of the main asset. The cost and related accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any, are eliminated from the standalone financial statements upon sale or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the use of the asset, and the resultant gains or losses are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(c) Property, plant and equipment include leasehold land classified as Right-of-use assets.

(d) Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value

Depreciation on items of property, plant and equipment commences when the assets are available for their intended use. It is provided on a straight-line basis to allocate their cost, net of their residual value over the estimated useful life of the respective asset specified under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, except in respect of items of "Plant and equipment" and "Vehicles" whose estimated useful lives are determined based on technical assessment and evaluation made by the technical expert to reflect the actual usage of the assets and past history of its replacement.

The estimated useful lives considered are as follows:

Category

As on 31st March, 2023

Buildings

03 - 60 years

Roads

03 - 10 years

Plant and equipment

05 - 25 years

Furniture and fixtures

10 years

Vehicles

05- 10 years

Office equipment

03 - 05 years

Computers

03 - 06 years

Electrical installations and equipment

05 - 10 years

Pipelines

15 years

The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect a fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

Each item of property, plant and equipment individually costing H5000/- or less is depreciated over one year from the date the said asset is available for use.

The residual values of assets (individually costing more than H5000/-) are not more than 5% of the asset''s original cost.

The estimated useful lives, residual values, and depreciation method are reviewed at least annually during each financial year-end and adjusted prospectively, wherever appropriate.

(e) Treatment of expenditure during construction period:

Property, plant and equipment that are not ready for intended use on the balance sheet date are disclosed as "Capital work-in-progress". Advances paid towards acquisition/construction of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date are classified as Capital advances under "Other non-current assets".

Directly attributable expenditures (including finance costs relating to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of property, plant and equipment) incurred on projects under implementation are treated as preoperative expenses pending allocation to the assets and are shown under "Capital work-in-progress".

2.3 Intangible assets

(a) Intangible assets are measured at cost, less accumulated amortization, and impairment losses, if any.

For this purpose, cost includes deemed cost on the date of transition and acquisition price, license fees, nonrefundable taxes and costs of implementation/ system integration services, and any directly attributable expenses, wherever applicable, for bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.

Where computer software is not an integral part of a related item of computer hardware, the software is treated as an intangible asset.

(b) Amortization methods estimated useful lives and residual value

Computer software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful lives of five years from the date they are available for use.

The estimated useful lives, residual values, and amortization method are reviewed at least annually during each financial year-end and adjusted prospectively, wherever appropriate.

(c) The cost and related accumulated amortization are eliminated from the standalone financial statements upon sale or retirement of the asset. And, the resultant gains or losses are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.4 Inventories

(a) Inventories (other than By-products and Scraps) are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value after providing for obsolescence, if any.

Cost of inventory comprises the purchase price, cost of conversion, and other directly attributable costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their respective present location and condition. Borrowing costs are not included in the value of inventories. The cost of inventories is computed on a weighted average basis.

Net realizable value ("NRV") is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(b) By-products and Scraps are valued at net realizable value.

2.5 Biological assets

Biological assets comprise Standing crops (crops under development) of sugarcane.

The biological process starts with the preparation of land for planting and seedlings and ends with harvesting crops. For biological assets, where little biological transformation has taken place since the initial cost was incurred (for example, seedlings planted immediately before the balance sheet date), assets are measured at cost, i.e., the total expenses incurred on such plantation up to the balance sheet date. When harvested, depending upon the biological process stage, the cane is transferred to inventory at cost or at a fair value less cost to sell.

2.6 Government grants

Government grants are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received, and the Company will comply with all the conditions attached to them.

Government grants related to property, plant and equipment, including non-monetary grants, are presented in the Balance sheet by deducting the grant from the asset''s carrying amount.

Government grants of revenue in nature are recognized on a systematic basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the period necessary to match them with the related costs and are adjusted with the related expenditure. If not related to a specific expenditure, it is considered income and included under "Other operating revenue" or "Other income", as applicable.

The benefits of a government loan at a below-market rate of interest or loan with interest subvention are treated as government grants. The loan or assistance is initially recognized at fair value. The government grant is measured as the difference between proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market interest rates and recognized on a systematic basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The loan is subsequently measured as per the accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities.

2.7 Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs, general or specific that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of such asset till such time that is required to complete and prepare the asset to get ready for its intended use. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that the Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs also include exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

All other borrowing costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred.

2.8 Leases

A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

The Company''s lease asset class primarily consists of leases for land. At the inception of the contract, Company assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether: (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset and (ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

At the date of commencement of the lease, Company recognizes a right-of-use asset ("ROU") and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low-value leases. For these short-term or low-value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Right-of-use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct cost less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any.

Leasehold land classified as Right-of-use assets is depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset.

The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates.

2.9 Provisions, contingent liabilities, and contingent assets

(a) A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are not recognized for future operating losses.

The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation as of the balance sheet date, considering the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.

When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, the receivable is recognized as an asset. Accordingly, the expense relating to the provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss, net of any reimbursement.

(b) Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events, but their existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or where any present obligation cannot be measured in terms of future outflow of resources or where a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made.

(c) Contingent asset is not recognized in the standalone financial statements; however, is disclosed where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

(d) Provisions, Contingent liabilities, and Contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

2.10 Dividend payable

The final dividend on equity shares is recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the shareholders. Interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company''s Board of Directors. Accordingly, a corresponding amount is recognized directly in Equity.

2.11 Foreign currency transactions and translations

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition.

Monetary assets and liabilities related to foreign currency transactions remaining outstanding on the balance sheet date are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the balance sheet date. Any income or expense arising on foreign exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary items carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the initial transaction.

2.12 Employee benefits

(a) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits in respect of salaries and wages, including non-monetary benefits, are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the related service is rendered.

(b) Defined contribution plans

The Company pays provident and other fund contributions to publicly administered funds as per related Government regulations.

The Company has no further obligation other than the contributions payable to the respective funds. The Company recognizes contribution payable to such funds as an expense when an employee renders the related service.

(c) Defined benefit plans

The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan, and the contribution towards it is made to "The Balrampur Sugar Company Limited Employees Gratuity Fund" ("the Trust"). Trustees administer contributions made to the Trust, which are invested through insurance companies.

The liability or asset recognized in the Balance sheet in respect of gratuity is the present value of the defined benefit obligation as at the balance sheet date less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated by external actuaries using the projected unit credit method.

Re-measurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized directly in Other comprehensive income in the period they occur and are subsequently transferred to Retained earnings.

(d) Compensated absences

The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences that are both accumulating and nonaccumulating in nature. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method for the unused entitlement accumulated at the balance sheet date.

The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the balance sheet date that has terms approximating the terms of the related obligation. Re-measurements resulting from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in profit or loss.

2.13 Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized in the Balance sheet when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of financial instruments. The Company determines the classification of its financial assets and financial liabilities at initial recognition based on its nature and characteristics.

The Company categorizes financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value into one of three levels depending on the ability to observe inputs employed for such measurement:

(i) Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical financial assets or financial liabilities that the Company can access at the measurement date.

(ii) Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 observable for the financial asset or financial liability, either directly or indirectly.

(iii) Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the financial asset or financial liability.

A. Financial assets

I. Initial recognition and measurement

The financial assets include investments, trade receivables, loans and advances, cash and cash equivalents, bank balances other than cash and cash equivalents, derivative financial instruments, and other financial assets.

Financial assets are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets (other than financial assets at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or are deducted from the fair value of the financial assets as appropriate on initial recognition. However, trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component are measured at transaction price.

II. Subsequent measurement

For the purpose of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in the following categories:

(i) at amortized cost,

(ii) at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI), and

(iii) at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).

(a) Financial assets at amortized cost

A ''financial asset'' is measured at the amortized cost if the following two conditions are met:

(i) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset for collecting contractual cash flows, and

(ii) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Amortized cost is determined using the Effective Interest Rate ("EIR") method. Discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs forms an integral part of the EIR.

(b) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI)

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held both for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, and contractual terms of the financial assets give rise to cash flows representing solely payments of principal and interest.

(c) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Financial assets that are not classified in any of the categories above are classified at fair value through profit or loss.

(d) Equity investments

Equity investments in the scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value except for investments in associates, which are carried at cost.

The Company makes an election to present changes in fair value either through other comprehensive income or through profit or loss on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If Company decides to classify an equity instrument at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, are recognized in other comprehensive income. However, dividends on equity instruments on FVTOCI is recognised in profit or loss. In addition, profit or loss arising on sale is also taken to other comprehensive income. The amount accumulated in this respect is transferred within the Equity on derecognition.

III. De-recognition

The Company derecognizes a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expires or transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset.

B.Financial liabilities

I. Initial recognition and measurement

The financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings, including book overdrafts, derivative financial instruments, etc.

Financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial liabilities (other than financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.

II. Subsequent measurement

For subsequent measurement, financial [labilities are classified into two categories:

(i) Financial liabilities at amortized cost, and

(ii) Derivative instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).

Financial liabilities at amortized cost

After initial recognition, financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method. When the financial liabilities are derecognized, gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss. Discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs forms an integral part of the EIR.

III. De-recognition

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.

C. Derivative financial instruments

Initial recognition and subsequent measurement

A derivative financial instrument, such as foreign exchange forward contracts, is used to hedge foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value.

Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss.

D. Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities, including derivative financial instruments, are offset, and the net amount is reported in the Balance sheet if there is currently an enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

E. Equity share capital

Ordinary shares are classified as Equity.

An equity instrument is a contract that evidences a residual interest in the Company''s assets after deducting all its liabilities.

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of new equity shares and buy-back of equity shares are shown as a deduction from the Equity net of any tax effects.

2.14 Impairment of Assets

(a) Non-financial assets

An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the asset''s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair value, less costs of disposal, and its value in use.

To assess impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units).

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.

If, at the balance sheet date, there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the impairment loss previously recognized is reversed so that the asset is recognized at its recoverable amount but not exceeding the value which would have been reported in this respect if the impairment loss had not been recognized.

(b) Financial assets

The Company recognizes loss allowances using the Expected Credit Loss ("ECL") model for financial assets measured at amortized cost.

The Company recognizes lifetime expected credit losses for trade receivables. Loss allowance equal to the lifetime expected credit losses are recognized if the credit risk of the financial asset has significantly increased since initial recognition.

2.15 Taxes

Income tax expense comprises current tax and deferred tax. It is recognized in the profit or loss except to the extent it relates to items directly recognized in Equity or Other comprehensive income (OCI).

(a) Current tax

Current tax assets and liabilities for the current and earlier periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities using the tax rates and tax laws enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and applicable for the period.

In correlation to the underlying transaction relating to Other comprehensive income and Equity, current tax items are recognized in Other comprehensive income and Equity, respectively.

Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation. Then, full provisions are made where appropriate based on the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis or to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

(b) Deferred tax

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount for financial reporting purposes at the balance sheet date.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits (MAT), and any unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, unused tax credits, and unused tax losses can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized.

Deferred tax items in correlation to the underlying transaction relating to Other comprehensive income and Equity are recognized in Other comprehensive income and Equity, respectively.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off deferred tax assets against deferred tax liabilities, and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

(c) Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT)

Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) paid under the tax laws in India, which is likely to give future economic benefits in the form of availability of set-off against future income tax liability.

Accordingly, MAT is recognized as a deferred tax asset in the Balance sheet when the asset can be measured reliably, and it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with the asset will be realized.

2.16 Earnings per Share

(a) Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of outstanding equity shares.

(b) Diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares that could be issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

2.17 Segment reporting

Operating segments are identified and reported considering the different risks and return organizational structure and internal reporting systems to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM).

2.18 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the Balance sheet comprise cash on hand, cheques on hand, balance with banks, and short-term highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less and carry an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For reporting standalone cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, cheques on hand, balance with banks, and short term highly liquid investments, as stated above, net of outstanding book overdrafts, as they are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management.

2.19 Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals, or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and items of income or expenses associated with investing or financing flows. Accordingly, the Company''s cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities are segregated.

2.20 Exceptional items

Exceptional items include income or expenses that are part of ordinary activities. However, they are of such significance and nature that separate disclosure enables the user of financial statements to understand the impact more clearly. These items are identified by their size or nature to facilitate comparison with prior periods and assess underlying trends in the Company''s financial performance.

3. Use of critical estimates, judgements and assumptions

The preparation of the standalone financial statements in conformity with the measurement principle under Ind AS requires the management to make estimates, judgements and assumptions. These estimates, judgements and assumptions affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities including the accompanying disclosures and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.

The estimates, judgements and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised, and future periods affected.

The application of accounting policies that require critical judgements and accounting estimates involving complex and subjective judgements and the use of assumptions in these standalone financial statements have been disclosed herein below.

(i) Estimated useful life of property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset''s expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual value of the asset are determined by the management when the asset is acquired and reviewed at-least annually during each financial year end. The lives are based on technical evaluation, technological obsolesces and historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their lives. This re-assessment may result in a change in depreciation and amortization expense in future periods.

(ii) Current taxes and deferred taxes

Significant judgement is required in the determination of the taxability of certain income and deductibility of certain expenses during the estimation of the provision for income taxes and option to be exercised for application of reduced rates of taxation on possible cessation of tax deduction and exhaustion of MAT credit entitlement in future years based on estimates of future taxable profits.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for unused losses (carry forward of earlier years'' losses) and unused tax credit to the extent that taxable profit would probably be available against which the losses and tax credit could be utilized. Significant judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognized, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies. The Company reviews the carrying amount of deferred tax assets and liabilities at each balance sheet date with consequential change being given effect to in the year of determination.

(iii) Retirement benefit obligations

The Company''s retirement benefit obligations, cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, inflation, future salary increments and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at-least annually during each financial year end.

(iv) Fair value measurements of financial instruments

The fair values of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market and cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets are determined using valuation techniques including the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model. The Company uses its judgment to select a variety of methods and make assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions at regular intervals.

The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgment is required in establishing fair values. Judgments include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.

(v) Provisions, Contingent liabilities and Contingent assets

The timing of recognition and quantification of the provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets require the application of judgement to existing facts and circumstances which are subject to change on the actual occurrence or happening. Judgement is required for estimating the possible outflow of resources, if any, in respect of contingencies/ claims/ litigations against the Company and possible inflow of resources in respect of the claims made by the Company which has been considered to be contingent in nature. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.


Mar 31, 2022

IA. Corporate information

Balrampur Chini Mills Limited ("BCML" or "Company") having Corporate Identity Number ("CIN") L15421WB1975PLC030118 is a public limited company incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act, domiciled in India, and has its registered office located at FMC Fortuna, 2nd Floor, 234/3A, A. J. C. Bose Road, Kolkata - 700020, West Bengal, India.

The Company''s shares are listed on the BSE Ltd. and National Stock Exchange of India Ltd.

The Company is one of the major integrated sugar manufacturing companies in India. The principal activity of the Company is the manufacturing and sale of sugar. Besides this, the allied business activities of the Company primarily consist of manufacturing and sale of ethanol, ethyl alcohol, generation and sale of power and manufacturing and sale of agricultural fertilisers.

The standalone financial statements for the year ended 31st March, 2022 were approved for issue by the Company''s Board of Directors on 24th May 2022 and are subject to adoption by the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting.

IB. Basis of preparation

These standalone financial statements ("financial statements") have been prepared under Indian Accounting Standards ("Ind AS") prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ("Act") read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) and other relevant provisions of the Act (to the extent notified) and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013 (Ind AS compliant Schedule III), as applicable to the standalone financial statements under historical cost convention and on an accrual basis, except certain financial instruments and biological assets which are measured in terms of relevant Ind AS at fair value/cost.

All Ind AS issued and notified till the standalone financial statements are approved for issue by the Board of Directors have been considered in preparing these standalone financial statements.

Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued Ind AS is initially adopted or a revision to an existing Ind AS requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.

All the assets and liabilities (other than deferred tax assets/liabilities) have been classified as current or non-current as per Company''s normal operating cycle, and other criteria set out in Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash or cash equivalents. The Company has identified its operating cycle as 12 months for current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are considered non-current.

The items included in the standalone financial statements (including notes thereon) are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates ("the functional currency") and are, therefore, presented in Indian Rupees ("INR" or "Rupees" or "Rs." or "H"). All amounts disclosed in the standalone financial statements, including notes thereon, have been rounded off to the nearest two decimals of Lakhs unless otherwise stated.

IC. Recent pronouncements

(i) New and revised standards adopted by the Company

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) vide Notification dated 18th June 2021 has issued Companies (Indian Accounting Standard) Amendment Rules, 2021. The Company has applied the following standards and amendments for the first time during the year ended 31st March 2022. These amendments had no impact on the financial statements of the Company.

The amendment under Ind AS 38 and Ind AS 37 clarifies that the definition of "asset" under Ind AS 38 and the definition of "liability" under Ind AS 37 are not revised following the revision of the definition of "asset" and "liability" in the Conceptual Framework respectively.

Reference to the "Framework for Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements" with Ind AS has been substituted with reference to the "Conceptual Framework" under Ind AS 1, Ind AS 8, and Ind AS 34.

Certain amendments have been made under Ind AS 115 to maintain consistency with the number of paragraphs of IFRS 15.

In the definition of "recoverable amount", for the words "fair value less costs to sell", the words "fair value less costs of disposal" have been substituted. The consequential amendments are made in Ind AS 105, Ind AS 16, and Ind AS 28.

1C. Recent pronouncements (contd...)

(ii) Standards issued but not yet effective

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) vide Notification dated 23rd March 2022 has issued Companies (Indian Accounting Standard) Amendment Rules, 2022. These amendments to the extent relevant to the Company''s operations include:

Amendment to Ind AS 16 which clarifies that excess of net sale proceeds of items produced over the cost of testing, if any, shall not be recognised in the profit or loss but deducted from the directly attributable costs considered as part of the cost of an item of property, plant and equipment.

Amendment to Ind AS 37 specifies that the "cost of fulfilling" a contract comprises the "costs that relate directly to the contract". Costs that relate directly to a contract can either be incremental costs of fulfilling that contract (examples would be direct labour and materials) or an allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling contracts (an example would be the allocation of the depreciation charge for an item of property, plant and equipment used in fulfilling the contract).

Other amendments in various standards, including Ind AS 101, Ind AS 103, Ind AS 109 "Financial Instruments", and Ind AS 41 "Agriculture", have not been listed above since these are not relevant to the Company.

Even though the Company will evaluate the impact of the above, none of these amendments are vital in nature and are not likely to have a material impact on the Company''s financial statements.

2. Significant accounting policies

2.1 Revenue recognition

Revenue from contracts with customers is accounted for only when it has commercial substance, and all the following criteria are met:

(i) parties to the contract have approved the contract and are committed to performing their respective obligations;

(ii) each party''s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred and payment terms there against can be identified;

(iii) consideration in exchange for the goods or service to be transferred is collectible and determinable.

(a) Revenue from operations

The Company derives revenue primarily from the sale of manufactured goods.

Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract with the customers. It excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The revenue from sales is recognised when control over the goods or services has been transferred and/or goods /services are delivered/provided to the customers. Delivery occurs when the goods have been shipped or delivered to a specific location, and the customer has either accepted the goods under the contract or the Company has sufficient evidence that all the criteria for acceptance have been satisfied.

Returns, discounts, and rebates as determined are deducted from sales.

(b) Other income

(i) Interest income

For all debt instruments measured at amortised cost, interest income is recognised using the Effective Interest Rate ("EIR"). Interest income is included in "Other income" in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(ii) Dividend Income

Dividend income is recognised when Company''s right to receive the dividend is established, i.e., in the case of interim dividend, on the date of declaration by the Board of Directors; whereas in the case of final dividend, on the date of approval by the shareholders.

(iii) Insurance claims

Insurance claims are accounted for based on claims admitted/expected to be admitted and to the extent that there is no uncertainty in receiving the claims.

2.2 Property, plant and equipment (“PPE”) and Capital work-in-progress (“CWIP”)

(a) Property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any.

For this purpose, cost includes deemed cost on the date of transition and acquisition price, including non-recoverable duties and taxes, and any directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to the location and condition of its intended use. In addition, interest on borrowings used to finance the construction of qualifying assets is capitalised as part of the asset''s cost until such time that the asset is ready for its intended use.

(b) Costs incurred subsequent to initial capitalization are included in the assets'' carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the Company and can be measured reliably.

The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. However, the costs of regular servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use, if any, is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for provisions are met.

When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate components. Otherwise, these are added to and depreciated over the useful life of the main asset.

The cost and related accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any, are eliminated from the standalone financial statements upon sale or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the use of the asset, and the resultant gains or losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(c) Property, plant and equipment include Leasehold land classified as Right-of-use assets.

(d) Depreciation methods estimated useful lives and residual value

Depreciation on items of property, plant and equipment commences when the assets are available for their intended use. It is provided on a straight-line basis to allocate their cost, net of their residual value over the estimated useful life of the respective asset specified under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, except in respect of items of "Plant and equipment" and "Vehicles" whose estimated useful lives are determined based on technical assessment and evaluation made by the technical expert to reflect the actual usage of the assets and past history of replacement.

The estimated useful lives considered are as follows:

Category

As on 31st March, 2022

Buildings

03 - 60 years

Roads

03 - 10 years

Plant and equipment

05 - 25 years

Furniture and fixtures

10 years

Vehicles

05 - 10 years

Office equipments

03 - 05 years

Computers

03 - 06 years

Electrical installations and equipment

05 - 10 years

Pipelines

15 years

The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect a fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

Each item of property, plant and equipment individually costing H 5,000/- or less is depreciated over one year from the date the said asset is available for use.

The residual values of assets (individually costing more than H 5,000/-) are not more than 5% of the asset''s original cost.

The estimated useful lives, residual values, and depreciation method are reviewed at least annually during each financial year-end and adjusted prospectively, wherever appropriate.

(e) Treatment of expenditure during construction period:

Property, plant and equipment that are not ready for intended use on the balance sheet date are disclosed as "Capital work-in-progress". Advances paid towards acquiring property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date are classified as Capital advances under "Other non-current assets".

Directly attributable expenditures (including finance costs relating to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of property, plant and equipment) incurred on projects under implementation are treated as pre-operative expenses pending allocation to the assets and are shown under "Capital work-in-progress".

2.3 Intangible assets

(a) Intangible assets are measured at cost, less accumulated amortization, and impairment losses, if any.

For this purpose, cost includes deemed cost on the date of transition and acquisition price, license fees, non-refundable taxes and costs of implementation/system integration services, and any directly attributable expenses, wherever applicable, for bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.

Where computer software is not an integral part of a related item of computer hardware, the software is treated as an intangible asset.

(b) Amortization methods estimated useful lives and residual value

Computer software is amortised on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful lives of five years from the date they are available for use.

The estimated useful lives, residual values, and amortization method are reviewed at least annually during each financial year-end and adjusted prospectively, wherever appropriate.

(c) The cost and related accumulated amortization are eliminated from the standalone financial statements upon sale or retirement of the asset. However, the resultant gains or losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.4 Inventories

(a) Inventories (other than by-products and scraps) are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value after providing for obsolescence, if any.

Cost of inventory comprises the purchase price, cost of conversion, and other directly attributable costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their respective present location and condition. Borrowing costs are not included in the value of inventories. The cost of inventories is computed on a weighted average basis.

Net Realizable Value (NRV) is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion, and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(b) By-products and scraps are valued at net realizable value.

2.5 Biological assets

Biological assets comprise Standing crops (crops under development) of sugarcane.

The biological process starts with the preparation of land for planting and seedlings and ends with harvesting crops. For biological assets, where little biological transformation has taken place since the initial cost was incurred (for example, seedlings planted immediately before the balance sheet date), assets are measured at cost, i.e., the total expenses incurred on such plantation up to the balance sheet date. When harvested, depending upon the biological process stage, the cane is transferred to inventory at cost or at a fair value less cost to sell.

2.6 Government grants

Government grants are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and the Company will comply with all the conditions attached to them.

Government grants related to property, plant and equipment, including non-monetary grants, are presented in the Balance sheet by deducting the grant arriving at the asset''s carrying amount.

Government grants of revenue in nature are recognised on a systematic basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the period necessary to match them with the related costs and are adjusted with the related expenditure. If not related to a specific expenditure, it is considered income and included under "Other operating revenue" or "Other income".

The benefits of a government loan at a below-market rate of interest or loan with interest subvention are treated as government grants. The loan or assistance is initially recognised at fair value. The government grant is measured as the difference between proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market interest rates and recognised on a systematic basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The loan is subsequently measured as per the accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities.

2.7 Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs, general or specific that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of such asset till such time that is required to complete and prepare the asset to get ready for its intended use. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that the Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs also include exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

All other borrowing costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred.

2.8 Leases

A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

The Company''s lease asset class primarily consists of leases for land. At the inception of the contract, Company assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether: (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset and (ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

At the date of commencement of the lease, Company recognises a right-of-use asset ("ROU") and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low-value leases. For these short-term or low-value leases, the Company recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The right-of-use assets are initially recognised at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct cost less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

Leasehold land classified as Right-of-use assets is depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset.

The lease liability is initially measured at amortised cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates.

2.9 Provisions, contingent liabilities, and contingent assets

(a) A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.

The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation as of the balance sheet date, considering the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.

When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, the receivable is recognised as an asset. Accordingly, the expense relating to the provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss, net of any reimbursement.

(b) Contingent liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events, but their existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or where any present obligation cannot be measured in terms of future outflow of resources or where a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made.

(c) A contingent asset is not recognised in the standalone financial statements; however, it is disclosed where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

(d) Provisions, contingent liabilities, and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

2.10 Dividend payable

The final dividend on equity shares is recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the shareholders. Interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company''s Board of Directors. Accordingly, a corresponding amount is recognised directly in equity.

2.11 Foreign currency transactions and translations

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition.

Monetary assets and liabilities related to foreign currency transactions remaining outstanding on the balance sheet date are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the balance sheet date. Any income or expense arising on foreign exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary items carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the initial transaction.

2.12 Employee benefits

(a) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits in respect of salaries and wages, including non-monetary benefits, are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the related service is rendered.

(b) Defined contribution plans

The Company pays provident and other fund contributions to publicly administered funds as per related Government regulations.

The Company has no further obligation other than the contributions payable to the respective funds. The Company recognises contribution payable to such funds as an expense when an employee renders the related service.

(c) Defined benefit plans

The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan and the contribution towards it is made to "The Balrampur Sugar Company Limited Employees Gratuity Fund" ("the Trust"). Trustees administer contributions made to the Trust, which are invested through insurance companies.

The liability or asset recognised in the Balance sheet in respect of gratuity is the present value of the defined benefit obligation as at the balance sheet date less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated by external actuaries using the projected unit credit method.

Re-measurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised directly in Other Comprehensive Income in the period they occur and are included in Retained earnings in the Statement of Changes in Equity and in the Balance Sheet.

(d) Compensated absences

The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences that are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method for the unused entitlement accumulated at the balance sheet date.

The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the balance sheet date that has terms approximating the terms of the related obligation. Re-measurements resulting from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in profit or loss.

2.13 Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the Balance sheet when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of financial instruments. The Company determines the classification of its financial assets and financial liabilities at initial recognition based on its nature and characteristics.

The Company categorises financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value into one of three levels depending on the ability to observe inputs employed for such measurement:

(i) Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical financial assets or financial liabilities that the Company can access at the measurement date.

(ii) Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 observable for the financial asset or financial liability, either directly or indirectly.

(iii) Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the financial asset or financial liability.

A. Financial assets

I. Initial recognition and measurement

The financial assets include equity securities, trade receivables, loans and advances, cash and bank balances, derivative financial instruments, and other financial assets.

Financial assets are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets (other than financial assets at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or are deducted from the fair value of the financial assets as appropriate on initial recognition.

II. Subsequent measurement

For the purpose of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in the following categories:

(i) at Amortised Cost

(ii) at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI), and

(iii) at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL).

(a) Financial assets at amortised cost

A ''financial asset'' is measured at the amortised cost if the following two conditions are met:

(i) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset for collecting contractual cash flows, and

(ii) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Amortised cost is determined using the Effective Interest Rate ("ElR") method. Discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs forms an integral part of the EIR.

(b) Financial assets at fair value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI)

Financial assets are measured at fair value through Other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held both for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, and contractual terms of the financial assets give rise to cash flows representing solely payments of principal and interest.

(c) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Financial assets that are not classified in any of the categories above are fair value through profit or loss.

(d) Equity investments

Equity investments in the scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value except for investments in associates, which are carried at cost.

The Company makes an election to present changes in fair value either through OCI or through profit or loss on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If Company decides to classify an equity instrument at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in OCI. In addition, profit or loss arising on sale is also taken to OCI. The amount accumulated in this respect is transferred within the Equity.

III. De-recognition

The Company derecognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expires or transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset.

B. Financial liabilities

I. Initial recognition and measurement

The financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings, including bank overdrafts, derivative financial instruments etc.

Financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial liabilities (other than financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.

II. Subsequent measurement

For subsequent measurement, financial liabilities are classified into two categories:

(i) Financial liabilities at amortised cost, and

(ii) Derivative instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

After initial recognition, financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. When the financial liabilities are derecognised, gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss. Discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs forms an integral part of the EIR.

III. De-recognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.

C. Derivative financial instruments

Initial recognition and subsequent measurement

A derivative financial instrument, such as foreign exchange forward contracts, is used to hedge foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value.

Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss.

D. Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities, including derivative financial instruments, are offset, and the net amount is reported in the Balance sheet if there is currently an enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

E. Equity share capital

Ordinary shares are classified as Equity.

An equity instrument is a contract that evidences a residual interest in the Company''s assets after deducting all of its liabilities. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of new equity shares are shown as a deduction from the Equity net of any tax effects.

2.14 Impairment of assets

(a) Non-financial assets

An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset''s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher an asset''s fair value, less costs of disposal, and its value in use.

To assess impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cashgenerating units).

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.

If, at the balance sheet date, there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the impairment loss previously recognised is reversed so that the asset is recognised at its recoverable amount but not exceeding the value which would have been reported in this respect if the impairment loss had not been recognised.

(b) Financial assets

The Company recognises loss allowances using the Expected Credit Loss ("ECL") model for financial assets measured at amortised cost.

The Company recognises lifetime expected credit losses for trade receivables. Loss allowance equal to the lifetime expected credit losses are recognised if the credit risk of the financial asset has significantly increased since initial recognition.

2.15 Taxes

Income tax expense comprises current tax and deferred tax. It is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent it relates to items directly recognised in Equity or Other Comprehensive Income (OCI).

(a) Current tax

Current tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities using the tax rates and tax laws enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and applicable for the period.

In correlation to the underlying transaction relating to OCI and Equity, current tax items are recognised in OCI and Equity, respectively.

Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation. Then, full provisions are made where appropriate based on the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

(b) Deferred tax

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised for the deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount for financial reporting purposes at the balance sheet date.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits, and any unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, unused tax credits, and unused tax losses can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised.

Deferred tax items in correlation to the underlying transaction relating to OCI and Equity are recognised in OCI and Equity, respectively.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off deferred tax assets against deferred tax liabilities, and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

(c) Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT)

Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) paid under the tax laws in India, which is likely to give future economic benefits in the form of availability of set-off against future income tax liability.

Accordingly, MAT is recognised as a deferred tax asset in the Balance sheet when the asset can be measured reliably, and it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with the asset will be realised.

2.16 Earnings per Share

(a) Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of outstanding equity shares.

(b) Diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares that could be issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

2.17 Segment reporting

Operating segments are identified and reported considering the different risks and return organizational structure and internal reporting systems to the Chief Operating Decision-Maker.

2.18 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the Balance sheet comprise cash on hand, cheques on hand, balance with banks, and short-term highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less and carry an insignificant risk of changes in value.

2.19 Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a noncash nature, any deferrals, or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and items of income or expenses associated with investing or financing flows. Accordingly, the Company''s cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities are segregated.

2.20 Exceptional items

Exceptional items include income or expenses that are part of ordinary activities. However, they are of such significance and nature that separate disclosure enables the user of financial statements to understand the impact more clearly. These items are identified by their size or nature to facilitate comparison with prior periods and assess underlying trends in the Company''s financial performance.

3. Use of critical estimates, judgements and assumptions

The preparation of the standalone financial statements in conformity with the measurement principle under Ind AS requires the management to make estimates, judgements and assumptions. These estimates, judgements and assumptions affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities including the accompanying disclosures and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.

3. Use of critical estimates, judgements and assumptions (contd...)

The estimates, judgements and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised and future periods affected.

The application of accounting policies that require critical judgements and accounting estimates involving complex and subjective judgements and the use of assumptions in these standalone financial statements have been disclosed here in below:

(i) Estimated useful life of property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset''s expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual value of the asset are determined by the management when the asset is acquired and reviewed at-least annually during each financial year end. The lives are based on technical evaluation, technological obsolesces and historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their lives. This re-assessment may result in a change in depreciation and amortization expense in future periods.

(ii) Current taxes and deferred taxes

Significant judgement is required in the determination of the taxability of certain income and deductibility of certain expenses during the estimation of the provision for income taxes and option to be exercised for application of reduced rates of taxation on possible cessation of tax deduction and exhaustion of MAT credit entitlement in future years based on estimates of future taxable profits.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused losses (carry forward of prior years'' losses) and unused tax credit to the extent that taxable profit would probably be available against which the losses and tax credit could be utilised. Significant judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies. The Company reviews the carrying amount of deferred tax assets and liabilities at each balance sheet date with consequential change being given effect to in the year of determination.

(iii) Retirement benefit obligations

The Company''s retirement benefit obligations cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, inflation, future salary increments and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at-least annually during each financial year end.

(iv) Fair value measurements of financial instruments

The fair values of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market and cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets are determined using valuation techniques including the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model. The Company uses its judgement to select a variety of methods and make assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions at regular intervals.

The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.

(v) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

The timing of recognition and quantification of the provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets require the application of judgement to existing facts and circumstances which are subject to change on the actual occurrence or happening. Judgement is required for estimating the possible outflow of resources, if any, in respect of contingencies/claims/ litigations against the Company and possible inflow of resources in respect of the claims made by the Company which has been considered to be contingent in nature. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.


Mar 31, 2018

1.1 Statement of Compliance with Ind AS

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Ind AS prescribed under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (“Act”) read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendment) Rules, 2016.

All the Ind AS issued and notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) till the financial statements are approved for issue by the Board of Directors has been considered in preparing these financial statements.

Accounting Policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued Accounting Standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing Accounting Standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.

1.2 Recent pronouncements

On 28th March, 2018, Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) has issued the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2018 notifying Ind AS 115, “Revenue from Contract with Customers” and Appendix B to Ind AS 21 “Foreign currency transactions and advance consideration” which are applicable with effect from financial periods beginning on or after 1st April, 2018.

Ind AS 115 - Revenue from Contract with Customers

The standard requires that an entity should recognise revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers for an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Further the standard requires enhanced disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity’s contracts with customers. The effect of this amendment on the financial statements of the Company is being evaluated.

Ind AS 21 - Appendix B “Foreign currency transactions and advance consideration”

This Appendix applies to a foreign currency transaction (or part of it) when an entity recognises a non-monetary asset or nonmonetary liability arising from the payment or receipt of advance consideration before the entity recognises the related asset, expense or income (or part of it). The effect of this amendment on the financial statements of the Company is being evaluated.

1.3 Basis of preparation

(a) Historical cost convention

These financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention on accrual basis, except certain financial assets and financial liabilities and biological assets which are measured in terms of relevant Ind AS at fair value / costs at the end of each balance sheet date.

Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration in exchange for goods and services.

(b) Current and non - current classification

All the assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company’s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. The Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

(c) Functional /Presentation currency and rounding-off of amounts

The financial statements including notes thereon are presented in Indian Rupees (“Rupees”or”Rs.” or “H”), which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency. All amounts disclosed in the financial statements including notes thereon have been rounded off to the nearest lacs as per the requirement of Schedule III to the Act, unless stated otherwise.

(d) Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions.

The Company categorizes assets and liabilities measured at fair value into one of three levels depending on the ability to observe inputs employed for such measurement:

(i) Level 1 : quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

(ii) Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable either directly or indirectly for the asset or liability.

(iii) Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability which are not based on observable market data.

1.4 Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent it is probable that economic benefits would flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the revenue proceeds is received from customers.

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received/receivable taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the Government.

Revenue is recognised only if the following conditions are satisfied:

(a) The Company has transferred risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the customer;

(b) The Company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;

(c) It is probable that the economic benefit associated with the transaction will flow to the Company;

(d) It can be reliably measured and it is reasonable to expect ultimate collection.

The specific recognition criteria for revenue recognition are as follows:

(i) Sale of goods

Sale of goods is recognised at the time of transfer of substantial risk and rewards of ownership to the buyer for a consideration. It includes excise duty and cess upto 30th June 2017 and excludes indirect taxes, trade discounts and rebates (if any).

(ii) Income from sale of Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)

Income from sale of RECs is recognised on delivery of RECs to the customers’ account as evidenced by the receipt of confirmation of execution of delivery instructions.

(iii) Interest income

For all debt instruments measured at amortised cost, interest income is recognised using the Effective Interest Rate (“EIR”). Interest income is included in “Other Income” in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(iv) Dividend income

Dividend income is recognised when the Company’s right to receive the dividend is established i.e. in case of interim dividend, on the date of declaration by the Board of Directors; whereas in case of final dividend, on the date of approval by the shareholders.

(v) Insurance claims

Insurance claims are accounted for on the basis of claims admitted/expected to be admitted and to the extent that there is no uncertainty in receiving the claims.

(vi) All other income are accounted for on accrual basis.

1.5 Expenses

All expenses are accounted for on accrual basis.

1.6 Property, plant and equipment (PPE) and Capital work-in-progress (CWIP)

(a) All PPE are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. For this purpose cost include deemed cost on the date of transition and includes the purchase cost of assets, including import duties and non-refundable taxes, and any directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to the location and condition of its intended use. Interest on borrowings used to finance the construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset until such time that the asset is ready for its intended use.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the part will flow to the Company and its cost can be measured reliably.

(b) The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. The costs of regular servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use, if any, is included in the cost of the respective asset, if the recognition criteria for provisions are met.

When parts of an item of PPE have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate components.

The cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the financial statements upon sale or retirement of the asset and the resultant gains or losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(c) Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value

Freehold land is not depreciated. Lease-hold land and lease hold improvements are amortised over the lower of estimated useful life and lease term.

Depreciation on other items of PPE commences when the assets are ready for their intended use. It is provided on a straight-line basis to allocate their cost, net of their residual value over the estimated useful life of the respective asset as specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, except, certain motor vehicles and mobile phones. The said motor vehicles and mobile phones are depreciated over a period of five years and three years respectively.

The estimated useful lives are determined based on assessment made by technical experts, in order to reflect the actual usage of the assets. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

Each item of PPE individually costing RS.5,000/- or less is depreciated over a period of one year from the date the said asset is available for use.

The residual value of an item of PPE is not more than 5% of the original cost of the respective asset.

The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each financial year and are given effect to, wherever appropriate.

(d) Expenditure during construction period

Directly attributable expenditure (including finance costs relating to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of PPE) incurred on projects under implementation are treated as pre-operative expenses pending allocation to the assets and are shown under Capital work-in-progress. Capital work-in-progress is stated at the amount expended upto the balance sheet date on assets or PPE that are not yet ready for their intended use.

1.7 Intangible assets (Computer Software)

(a) Where computer software is not an integral part of a related item of computer hardware, the software is treated as an intangible asset.

Acquired computer software is measured at original cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any.

Cost includes acquisition price, licence fees, non-refundable taxes and costs of implementation/system integration services and any directly attributable expenses, wherever applicable for bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.

(b) Amortization methods, estimated useful lives and residual value

Computer Software is amortised on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful lives of five years from the date they are available for use.

The estimated useful lives, residual values and amortization method are reviewed at the end of each financial year and are given effect to, wherever appropriate.

(c) The cost and related accumulated amortization are eliminated from the financial statements upon sale or retirement of the asset and the resultant gains or losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.8 Inventories

(a) Inventories (other than by-products and scraps) are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value after providing for obsolescence, if any.

Cost of inventory comprises of purchase price, cost of conversion and other directly attributable costs that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their respective present location and condition. Borrowing costs are not included in the value of inventories.

The cost of inventories is computed on weighted average basis. Inventories are written down on a case-by-case basis if the anticipated net realizable value declines below the carrying amount of the inventories. Such write downs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When the reason for a write-down of the inventories ceases to exist, the write-down is reversed.

Net realisable value (NRV) is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(b) By-products and scraps are valued at net realisable value.

1.9 Biological assets

Biological assets comprise standing crops (crops under development) of sugarcane.

The biological process starts with preparation of land for planting, seedlings and ends with the harvesting of crops. When harvested, cane is transferred to inventory at fair value less costs to sell or at cost whichever applicable.

For biological assets, where little biological transformation has taken place since the initial cost was incurred (for example seedlings planted immediately before the balance sheet date), such biological assets are measured at cost i.e. the total expenses incurred on such plantation upto the balance sheet date.

1.10 Government grants

Government grants are recognised at fair value when there is reasonable assurance that the grant would be received and the Company would comply with all the conditions attached with them.

Government grants related to PPE are treated as deferred income (included under non-current liabilities with current portion considered under current liabilities) and are recognised and credited in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic and rational basis over the estimated useful life of the related asset and included under “Other Income”.

Government grants related to revenue nature are recognised on a systematic basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs and are adjusted with the related expenditure. If not related to a specific expenditure, it is taken as income and presented under “Other Income”.

The benefit of a government loan at a below-market rate of interest or loan with interest subvention is treated as a government grant, measured as the difference between proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market interest rates.

1.11 Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of such asset till such time that is required to complete and prepare the asset to get ready for its intended use. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that the Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs also include exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

All other borrowing costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred.

1.12 Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

(a) When the Company is a lessee

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. Leases under which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the Company are classified as finance leases.

On initial recognition, the finance leased asset is measured at an amount equal to the lower of its fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments. Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is accounted for in accordance with the accounting policy applicable to that asset.

Payment made under operating leases are recognised as expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight line basis over the lease term, unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increase.

(b) When the Company is a lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Where the escalation of lease rentals is in line with the expected general inflation so as to compensate the lessor for expected inflationary cost, the increases in the rentals is not straight lined.

1.13 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

(a) A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at current pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the passage of time is recognised as finance costs.

The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation as at the balance sheet date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.

When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, the receivable is recognised as an asset, if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably. The expense relating to provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss, net of any reimbursement.

(b) A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence would be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources would be required to settle the obligation.

A contingent liability is not recognised in the financial statements, however, is disclosed, unless the possibility of an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is remote.

If it becomes probable that an outflow of future economic benefits will be required for an item dealt with as a contingent liability, a provision is recognised in the financial statements of the period (except in the extremely rare circumstances where no reliable estimate can be made).

(c) A contingent asset is not recognised in the financial statements, however, is disclosed, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

(d) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

1.14 Dividend payable

Final dividend on shares are recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the shareholders and interim dividend are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company’s Board of Directors. A corresponding amount is recognised directly in equity.

1.15 Foreign currency transactions and translations

(a) Functional and presentation currency

The items included in the financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates (“the functional currency”). The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR), which is the Company’s functional as well as presentation currency.

(b) Transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at the spot rate of the functional currency prevailing at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition.

Monetary assets and liabilities related to foreign currency transactions remaining outstanding at the balance sheet date are translated at the functional currency spot rate of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date. Any income or expense arising on account of foreign exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the initial transaction.

1.16 Employee benefits

(a) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits in respect of salaries and wages, including non-monetary benefits are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the related service is rendered.

(b) Defined contribution plans

The Company pays provident and other fund contributions to publicly administered fund as per related Government regulations.

The Company has no further obligation, other than the contributions payable to the respective funds. The Company recognises contribution payable to such funds as an expense, when an employee renders the related service.

(c) Defined benefit plans

The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan, which requires contributions to be made to The Balrampur Sugar Company Limited Employees Gratuity Fund (the Trust). Trustees administer contributions made to the Trust and contributions are invested through insurance companies.

The liability or asset recognised in the Balance Sheet in respect of gratuity is the present value of the defined benefit obligation as at the balance sheet date less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated by external actuaries using the projected unit credit method.

Re-measurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the Balance Sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to Retained Earnings through Other Comprehensive Income (“OCI”) in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.

Past service costs are recognised in profit or loss on the earlier of:

(i) The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

(ii) The date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs.

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss:

(i) Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements, and

(ii) Net interest expense or income.

d) Compensated absences

The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences which are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation using projected unit credit method for the unused entitlement that has accumulated as at the balance sheet date.

The benefits are discounted using the market yields as at the end of the balance sheet date that has terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. Re-measurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in profit or loss.

1.17 Share based payments (Employee stock option)

The eligible employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of equity settled instruments, for rendering services over a defined vesting period. When the options are exercised, the Company issues new shares. The proceeds received net of any directly attributable transaction costs are credited to equity share capital (par value of the equity share) and securities premium reserve. The Company determines the compensation cost based on the intrinsic value method. The compensation cost is amortised on a straight line basis over the vesting period.

1.18 Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the Balance Sheet when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. The Company determines the classification of its financial assets and financial liabilities at initial recognition based on its nature and characteristics.

Financial assets

(a) Initial recognition and measurement

Financial assets are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets (other than financial assets at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets, as appropriate, on initial recognition.

The financial assets include equity and debt securities, trade and other receivables, loans and advances, cash and bank balances and derivative financial instruments.

(b) Subsequent measurement

For the purpose of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in the following categories:

(i) At amortised cost,

(ii) At fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI), and

(iii) At fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).

Financial assets at amortised cost

A ‘financial asset’ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

(i) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset for collecting contractual cash flows, and

(ii) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Amortised cost is determined using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. Discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs forms an integral part of the EIR.

Equity investments

All equity investments in the scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value except in case of investment in subsidiary as on the transition date to Ind AS carried at deemed cost and subsequent to the transition date, investments in subsidiaries or associates, as the case may be, carried at cost.

The Company makes an election to present changes in fair value either through OCI or through profit or loss on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in OCI. Profit or loss arising on sale thereof is also taken to OCI and the amount accumulated in this respect is transferred within the equity.

(c) De-recognition

The Company derecognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expires or it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset.

Financial liabilities

(a) Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial liabilities (other than financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.

The financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, derivative financial instruments, etc.

(b) Subsequent measurement

For the purpose of subsequent measurement, financial liabilities are classified in two categories:

(i) Financial liabilities at amortised cost, and

(ii) Derivative instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

After initial recognition, financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs forms an integral part of the EIR.

(c) De-recognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.

Derivative financial instruments

Initial recognition and subsequent measurement

A derivative financial instrument, such as foreign exchange forward contracts are used to hedge foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value.

Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities including derivative instruments are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet, if there is currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

Equity Share capital

An equity instrument is a contract that evidences residual interest in the assets of the Company after deducting all of its liabilities. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of new equity shares are recognised as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.

1.19 Impairment of assets

(a) Non-financial assets

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable.

An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use.

For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units).

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.

If at the balance sheet date there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the impairment loss previously recognised is reversed so that the asset is recognised at its recoverable amount but not exceeding the value which would have been reported in this respect if the impairment loss had not been recognised.

(b) Financial assets

The Company recognises loss allowances using the Expected Credit Loss (“ECL”) model for the financial assets which are not fair valued through profit or loss.

ECL impairment loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL.

ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognised during the period is recognised as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e. as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the Balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount.

Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.

1.20 Taxes

Income tax expense comprises current tax and deferred tax and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent it relates to items directly recognised in Equity or in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI).

(a) Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities using the tax rates and tax laws that are enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and applicable for the period.

Current tax items in correlation to the underlying transaction relating to OCI and Equity are recognised in OCI and in Equity respectively.

Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and established provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

(b) Deferred income tax

Deferred income tax is recognised using the balance sheet approach. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognised for deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in financial statements.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax assets to be utilised.

Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each balance sheet date and are recognised to the extent where it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.

Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws to the extent it is likely to give future economic benefits in the form of availability to set off against future income tax liability. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as deferred tax asset in the balance sheet when the asset can be measured reliably and it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with the asset will be realised.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off deferred tax assets against deferred tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

1.21 Earnings per share

(a) Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit/(loss) after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

(b) Diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit/(loss) after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares which could be issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined as at the end of each period presented.

The number of equity shares and potential dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for any share split and bonus shares issues including for changes effected prior to the approval of the financial statements by the Board of Directors.

1.22 Segment reporting

Operating segments are identified and reported taking into account the different risk and return, organisational structure and internal reporting system.

1.23 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the Balance sheet comprise cash on hand, cheques on hand, balance with banks on current accounts and short term, highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less and which carry insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the Cash Flow Statement, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and cash equivalents, as defined above and net of outstanding book overdrafts (if any), as they are considered an integral part of the Company’s cash management.

1.24 Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit/loss before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with measurement principle under Ind AS requires the management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions. These estimates, judgments and assumptions affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities including the accompanying disclosures and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.

Estimates, judgements and assumptions are continuously evaluated. They are based on historical experience and other factors including expectations of future events that may have a financial impact on the Company and that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

Estimates and assumptions

The Company based its estimates, judgements and assumptions on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

The application of accounting policies that require critical judgements and accounting estimates involving complex and subjective judgments and the use of assumptions in these financial statements have been disclosed herein below.

(i) Estimated useful life of property, plant and equipment (PPE)

PPE represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset’s expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual value of the asset are determined by the management when the asset is acquired and reviewed periodically including at each financial year end. The lives are based on technical evaluation, technological obsolesces and historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their lives.

(ii) Current taxes and deferred taxes

Significant judgment is required in determination of taxability of certain income and deductibility of certain expenses during the estimation of the provision for income taxes.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused losses (carry forward of prior years’ losses) and unused tax credit to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit would be available against which the losses could be utilised. Significant management judgment is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.

(iii) Estimation of defined benefit obligations

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at least each financial year end.

The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate for plans, the actuary considers the interest rates of government bonds.

The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. Those mortality tables tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases and gratuity increases are based on expected future inflation rates.

(iv) Estimated fair value of unlisted securities

The fair values of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market and cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets is determined using valuation techniques including the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model. The Company uses its judgement to select a variety of method / methods and make assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions at regular intervals.

The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.

Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

(v) Provisions and contingencies

The timing of recognition and quantification of the provisions and contingent liabilities requires the application o fjudgement to existing facts and circumstances which can be subject to change. Management judgement is required for estimating the possible outflow of resources, if any, in respect of contingencies / claims/ litigations against the Company.


Mar 31, 2017

1.1 Statement of Compliance with Ind AS

In accordance with the notification dated 16th February, 2015, issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, the Company has adopted Indian Accounting Standards (referred to as “Ind AS”) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) with effect from 1st April, 2016 with restatement of previous year figures presented in this financial statements. Accordingly, the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Ind AS prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (“Act”) read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendment) Rules, 2016.

The Company has adopted all the applicable Ind AS and the adoption was carried out in accordance with Ind AS-101 First time adoption of Indian Accounting Standards.

The transition was carried out from Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India which comprised of applicable Accounting Standards specified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, other pronouncements of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), relevant applicable provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, and the Companies Act, 2013 to the extent applicable and the applicable guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) (“Previous GAAP”).

These financial statements for the year ended 31st March, 2017 are the first financial statements of the Company prepared in accordance with Ind AS. The date of transition to Ind AS is 1st April, 2015. Reconciliations and descriptions of the effect of the transition have been summarized in Note No. 40(23).

All the Ind AS issued and notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) till the financial statements are approved for issue by the Board of Directors has been considered in preparing these financial statements.

1.2 Basis of preparation

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Ind AS under the historical cost basis except for the following:

i) Certain financial assets and financial liabilities (including derivative instruments) - measured at fair value and

ii) Defined benefits plan - plan assets measured at fair value.

Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration in exchange for goods and services.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company’s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. The Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

The financial statements including notes thereon are presented in Indian Rupees (“Rupees”or “Rs.”or “H”), which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency. All amounts disclosed in the financial statements including notes thereon have been rounded off to the nearest lacs as per the requirement of Schedule III to the Act, unless stated otherwise.

1.3 Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent it is probable that economic benefits would flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the revenue proceeds is received from customers.

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received/receivable taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the Government.

The specific recognition criteria for revenue recognition are as follows:

a) Sale of goods

Sale of goods is recognised at the time of transfer of substantial risk and rewards of ownership to the buyer for a consideration. It includes excise duty and cess and excludes sales tax/VAT, trade discounts and rebates.

b) Income from sale of Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)

Income from sale of RECs is recognised on delivery of RECs to the customers’ account.

c) Interest income

For all debt instruments measured at amortized cost, interest income is recognised using the effective interest rate (EIR). Interest income is included in “Other Income” in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

d) Dividend Income

Dividend income is recognised when the Company’s right to receive the dividend is established i.e. in case of interim dividend, on the date of declaration by the Board of Directors; whereas in case of final dividend, on the date of approval by the shareholders.

e) Insurance claims

Insurance claims are accounted for on the basis of claims admitted/expected to be admitted and to the extent that there is no uncertainty in receiving the claims.

f) All other income are accounted for on accrual basis.

1.4 Expenses

All expenses are accounted for on accrual basis.

1.5 Property, plant and equipment (PPE) and Capital work-in-progress (CWIP)

a) Transition to Ind AS

The Company has elected to continue with carrying value of all Property, plant and equipment under the previous GAAP as deemed cost as at the transition date i.e. 1st April, 2015.

Under the previous GAAP, Property, plant and equipment were stated at their original cost (net of accumulated depreciation and impairment) adjusted by revaluation of certain assets.

b) All Property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

The cost of an asset includes the purchase cost of materials, including import duties and non-refundable taxes, and any directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to the location and condition of its intended use. Interest on borrowings used to finance the construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset until such time that the asset is ready for its intended use.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use, if any, is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision is met.

When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

The cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the financial statements upon sale or retirement of the asset and the resultant gains or losses are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

c) Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value Freehold land is not depreciated.

Lease-hold land are amortised over the lease term.

Depreciation on other items of PPE is provided on a straight-line basis to allocate their cost, net of their residual value over the estimated useful life of the respective asset as specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, except for Power transmission lines and Mobile phones which are depreciated over a period of five years and three years respectively.

The estimated useful lives are determined based on assessment made by technical experts, in order to reflect the actual usage of the assets. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

Each item of PPE individually costing RS.5,000/- or less is depreciated over a period of one year from the date the said assets is available for use.

The residual value of an item of PPE is not more than 5% of the original cost of the respective asset.

The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at-least at the end of each financial year and are adjusted, wherever appropriate.

d) Expenditure during construction period

Directly attributable expenditure (including finance costs relating to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of fixed assets) incurred on projects under implementation are treated as Pre-operative expenses pending allocation to the assets and are shown under CWIP. CWIP is stated at the amount expended upto balance sheet date on assets or property, plant and equipment that are not yet ready for their intended use.

1.6 Intangible assets (Computer Software)

a) Transition to Ind AS:

The Company has elected to continue with carrying value of computer software under the previous GAAP, as deemed cost as at the transition date i.e. 1st April, 2015. Under the previous GAAP, computer software were stated at their original cost (net of accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment, if any).

b) Where computer software is not an integral part of a related item of computer hardware, the software is treated as an intangible asset.

Acquired computer software is measured at original cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any.

Cost, net of cenvat, includes acquisition price, licence fees and costs of implementation/system integration services and any directly attributable expenses, wherever applicable for bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.

c) Amortization methods, estimated useful lives and residual value

Computer Software are amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful lives of five years.

The estimated useful lives, residual values and amortization method are reviewed at-least at the end of each financial year and are adjusted, wherever appropriate.

1.7 Inventories

a) Inventories (other than By-products and scraps) are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value after providing for obsolescence, if any.

Cost of inventory comprises of purchase price, cost of conversion and other directly attributable costs that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their respective present location and condition. Borrowing costs are not included in the value of inventories.

The cost of inventories is computed on weighted average basis. Inventories are written down on a case-by-case basis if the anticipated net realizable value declines below the carrying amount of the inventories. Such write downs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When the reason for a write-down of the inventories ceases to exist, the write-down is reversed. Net realisable value (NRV) is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

b) By-products and scraps are valued at net realisable value.

1.8 Biological assets

Biological assets comprise Standing crops of sugarcane.

Biological assets are measured at fair value less estimated costs to sell. Changes in fair value are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The fair value of these assets excludes the land upon which the crops are planted or the items of PPE utilised in the upkeep of planted areas.

The biological process starts with preparation of land for planting, seedlings and ends with the harvesting of crops.

For biological assets, where little biological transformation has taken place since the initial cost was incurred (for example seedlings planted immediately before the balance sheet date), such biological assets are measured at cost i.e. the total expenses incurred on such plantation upto the balance sheet date.

When harvested, cane is transferred to inventory at fair value less costs to sell.

1.9 Government grants

Government grants are recognised at fair value when there is reasonable assurance that the grant would be received and the Company would comply with all the conditions attached with them.

Government grants related to PPE are treated as deferred income (included under non-current liabilities with current portion considered under current liabilities) and are recognized and credited in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic and rational basis over the estimated useful life of the related asset and included under “Other Income”

Government grants related to revenue nature are recognized on a systematic basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs which they are intended to compensate and are adjusted with the related expenditure.

If not related to a specific expenditure, it is taken as income and presented under “Other Income”

1.10 Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of such asset till such time that is required to complete and prepare the asset to get ready for its intended use. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that the Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs also include exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

All other borrowing costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred.

1.11 Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

For arrangements entered into prior to the transition date, i.e.1st April, 2015, the Company has determined whether the arrangements contain lease on the basis of facts and circumstances existing on the date of transition.

a) When the Company is a lessee

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. Leases under which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the Company are classified as finance leases.

On initial recognition, the finance leased asset is measured at an amount equal to the lower of its fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments. Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is accounted for in accordance with the accounting policy applicable to that asset.

Payment made under operating leases are recognized as expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight line basis over the lease term, unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increase.

b) When the Company is a lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Where the escalation of lease rentals is in line with the expected general inflation so as to compensate the lessor for expected inflationary cost, the increases in the rentals is not straight lined.

1.12 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

a) A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at current pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the passage of time is recognized as finance costs.

The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation as at the balance sheet date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.

When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, the receivable is recognized as an asset, if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably. The expense relating to provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss, net of any reimbursement.

b) A contingent liability is not recognised in the financial statements, however, is disclosed, unless the possibility of an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is remote.

If it becomes probable that an outflow of future economic benefits will be required for an item dealt with as a contingent liability, a provision is recognized in the financial statements of the period (except in the extremely rare circumstances where no reliable estimate can be made).

c) A contingent asset is not recognised in the financial statements, however, is disclosed, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

When the realisation of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is no longer a contingent asset, and is recognised as an asset.

d) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

1.13 Dividend payable

Final dividend on shares are recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the shareholders and interim dividend are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company’s Board of Directors. A corresponding amount is recognised directly in equity.

1.14 Foreign currency transactions and translations

a) Functional and presentation currency

The items included in the financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates (“the function currency”).

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR), which is the Company’s functional as well as presentation currency.

b) Transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at the functional currency spot rate prevailing at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition.

Monetary assets and liabilities related to foreign currency transactions remaining outstanding at the balance sheet date are translated at the functional currency spot rate of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date. Any income or expense arising on account of foreign exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the initial transaction.

1.15 Employee benefits

a) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits in respect of salaries and wages, including non-monetary benefits are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the related service is rendered.

b) Defined contribution plans

The Company pays provident and other fund contributions to publicly administered fund as per local regulations.

The Company has no further obligation, other than the contributions payable to the respective funds. The Company recognizes contribution payable to such funds as an expense, when an employee renders the related service.

c) Defined benefit plans

The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan, which requires contributions to be made to The Balrampur Sugar Company Limited Employees Gratuity Fund (the Trust). Trustees administer contributions made to the Trust and contributions are invested in schemes through insurance companies.

The liability or asset recognised in the Balance sheet in respect of gratuity is the present value of the defined benefit obligation as at the balance sheet date less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by external actuaries using the projected unit credit method.

The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash flows by reference to the market yields as at the balance sheet date on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.

Re-measurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the Balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through Other comprehensive income (“OCI”) in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.

Past service costs are recognised in profit or loss on the earlier of:

i) The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

ii) The date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs.

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss:

i) Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements, and

ii) Net interest expense or income.

d) Compensated absences

The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences which are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation using projected unit credit method for the unused entitlement that has accumulated as at the balance sheet date.

The benefits are discounted using the market yields as at the end of the balance sheet date that has terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. Re-measurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in profit or loss.

e) Voluntary Retirement Scheme

Expenditure on voluntary retirement scheme is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which it is incurred.

1.16 Share based payments (Employee stock options)

The eligible employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of equity settled instruments, for rendering services over a defined vesting period. When the options are exercised, the Company issues new shares. The proceeds received net of any directly attributable transaction costs are credited to equity share capital (par value of the equity share) and securities premium reserve. The Company determines the compensation cost based on the intrinsic value method. The compensation cost is amortised on a straight line basis over the vesting period.

1.17 Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the Balance sheet when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. The Company determines the classification of its financial assets and financial liabilities at initial recognition based on its nature and characteristics.

a) Financial assets

i) Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.

The financial assets include equity and debt securities, trade and other receivables, loans and advances, cash and bank balances and derivative financial instruments.

ii) Subsequent measurement

For the purpose of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in the following categories:

1) At amortised cost,

2) At fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI), and

3) At fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).

Debt instruments at amortised cost

A ‘debt instrument’ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

1) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset for collecting contractual cash flows, and

2) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR.

Equity investments

All equity investments in the scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value except in case of investment in subsidiary carried at deemed cost and associate carried at cost. Deemed cost is the carrying amount under the previous GAAP as at the transition date i.e. 1st April, 2015.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category, if any, are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in profit or loss. The Company may make an irrevocable election to present in OCI subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable. When the fair value has been determined based on level 3 inputs, the difference between the fair value at initial recognition and the transaction price is deferred and after initial recognition deferred difference is recognised as gain or loss to the extent it arises from change in input to valuation technique.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to profit or loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.

iii) De-recognition

The Company derecognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expires or it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset.

b) Financial liabilities

(i) Initial recognition and measurement

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of financial liabilities classified at amortised cost, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, derivative financial instruments, etc.

(ii) Subsequent measurement

For the purpose of subsequent measurement, Financial liabilities are classified in two categories:

1) Financial liabilities at amortised cost, and

2) Derivative instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

After initial recognition, financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(iii) De-recognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.

c) Derivative financial instruments

Initial recognition and subsequent measurement

A derivative financial instrument, such as forward currency contracts and interest rate swaps are used to hedge foreign currency risks and interest rate risks respectively and includes options. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value.

Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss.

When the fair value has been determined based on level 3 inputs, the difference between the fair value at initial recognition and the transaction price is deferred and after initial recognition deferred difference is recognised as gain or loss to the extent it arises from change in input to valuation technique.

d) Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities including derivative instruments are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance sheet, if there is currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

e) Fair value measurement

Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Under Ind AS, fair valuation of financial instruments is guided by Ind AS 113 “Fair Value Measurement” .

For some assets and liabilities, observable market transactions or market information might be available. For other assets and liabilities, observable market transactions and market information might not be available. However, the objective of a fair value measurement in both cases is the same to estimate the price at which an orderly transaction to sell the asset or to transfer the liability would take place between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions (i.e. an exit price at the measurement date from the perspective of a market participant that holds the asset or owes the liability).

Three widely used valuation techniques specified in the said Ind AS are the market approach, the cost approach and the income approach which have been dealt with separately in the said Ind AS.

Each of the valuation techniques stated as above proceeds on different fundamental assumptions, which have greater or lesser relevance, and at times there is no relevance of a particular methodology to a given situation. Thus, the methods to be adopted for a particular purpose must be judiciously chosen. The application of any particular method of valuation depends on the company being evaluated, the nature of industry in which it operates, the company’s intrinsic strengths and the purpose for which the valuation is made.

In determining the fair value of financial instruments, the Company uses a variety of methods and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each balance sheet date.

The Company uses the following hierarchy for determining and disclosing the fair value of financial instruments by valuation technique:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3: Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

f) Share capital

An equity instrument is a contract that evidences residual interest in the assets of the Company after deducting all of its liabilities. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of new equity shares are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.

1.18 Impairment of Assets

a) Non-financial assets

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable.

An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use.

For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units).

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.

In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

If at the balance sheet date there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the impairment loss previously recognized is reversed such that the asset is recognized at its recoverable amount but not exceeding written down value which would have been reported if the impairment loss had not been recognized.

b) Financial assets

The Company recognizes loss allowances using the expected credit loss (ECL) model for the financial assets which are not fair valued through profit or loss.

ECL impairment loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL.

ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This amount is reflected under the head “Other expenses” in the profit or loss. ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e. as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the Balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.

1.19 Taxes

Income tax expense comprises current tax and deferred tax and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent it relates to items directly recognized in Equity or in OCI.

a) Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities using the tax rates and tax laws that are enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and applicable for the period.

Current tax items in correlation to the underlying transaction relating to OCI and Equity are recognized in OCI and in Equity respectively.

Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

b) Deferred income tax

Deferred income tax is recognized using the balance sheet approach. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in financial statements, except when the deferred income tax arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profits or loss at the time of the transaction.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax assets to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each balance sheet date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.

Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws to the extent it is likely to give future economic benefits in the form of availability to set off against future income tax liability. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as deferred tax asset in the balance sheet when the asset can be measured reliabily and it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with the asset will be realised.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off deferred tax assets against deferred tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

1.20 Earnings per Share

a) Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit/(loss) after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

b) Diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit/(loss) after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares which could be issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined as at the end of each period presented. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented.

The number of equity shares and potential dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for any share split and bonus shares issues including for changes effected prior to the approval of the financial statements by the Board of Directors.

1.21 Non-current assets (or disposal groups) held for sale and discontinued operations

a) Non-current assets (or disposal groups) are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount would be recovered principally through a sale/distribution rather than through continuing use and a sale/distribution is considered highly probable.

Actions required to complete the sale/distribution should indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the sale/ distribution would be made or that the decision to sell/distribute would be withdrawn. Management must be committed to sale/distribution within one year from the date of classification.

b) Immediately before the initial classification of the assets (and disposal groups) as held for sale, the carrying amount of the assets (or all the assets and liabilities in the disposal groups) are measured in accordance with their applicable accounting policy.

Non-current assets (or disposal groups) held for sale/for distribution to owners are subsequently measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell, except for assets such as deferred tax assets, assets arising from employee benefits and financial assets which are specifically exempt from this requirement.

c) Non-current assets including those that are part of a disposal group (PPE and intangible assets) once classified as held for sale/ distribution to owners are neither depreciated nor amortized. Interest and other expenses attributable to the liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale continue to be recognised.

d) Non-current assets (including assets of a disposal group) classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets in the Balance sheet. The liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale/distribution are presented separately from other liabilities in the Balance sheet.

e) A disposal group qualifies as discontinued operation if it is a component of equity that has either being disposed of or is classified as held for sale, and that represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, or is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations or is a subsidiary exclusively with a view to resale.

Discontinued operations are excluded from the results of continuing operations and are presented separately as a single amount as profit or loss after tax from discontinued operations in the Statement of Profit and Loss and Comparative information is restated accordingly.

f) All notes to the financial statements mainly include amounts for continuing operations, unless stated otherwise.

1.22 Segment reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM).

The chief operating decision-maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the Managing Director who makes strategic decisions.

The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the Financial Statements of the Company as a whole. In addition, the following specific accounting policies have been followed for segment reporting:

a) Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly identifiable with/allocable to the segment including inter segment transfers.

Inter segment transfers are accounted for based on the transaction price agreed to between the segments which is at cost in case of transfer of Company’s intermediate and final products and estimated realisable value in case of by-products.

b) Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities are identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment. Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on direct and/or on a reasonable basis, have been disclosed as “Unallocable”

1.23 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the Balance sheet comprise cash on hand, cheques on hand, balance with banks on current accounts and short term, highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less and which carry insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the Cash Flow Statement, Cash and cash equivalents consist of Cash and cash equivalents, as defined above and net of outstanding book overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company’s cash management.

1.24 Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit/loss before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

1.25 Recent Accounting Pronouncements Standards issued but not yet effective

During March 2017, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendments) Rules, 2017, notifying amendments to Ind AS 7 - Statement of cash flows and Ind AS 102 - Share-based payment. These amendments are in accordance with the recent amendments made by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to IAS 7 - Statement of cash flows and IFRS 2 - Share based payment, respectively. The amendments are applicable to the Company from 1st April, 2017. Amendment to Ind AS 7 - Statement of cash flows

The amendment to Ind AS 7 requires the entities to provide disclosures that enable users of financial statements to evaluate changes in liabilities arising from financing activities, including both changes arising from cash flows and non-cash changes, suggesting inclusion of a reconciliation between the opening and closing balances in the balance sheet for liabilities arising from financing activities, to meet the disclosure requirement.

Amendment to Ind AS 102 - Share based payment

The amendment to Ind AS 102 provides specific guidance to measurement of cash-settled awards, modification of cash-settled awards and awards that include a net settlement feature in respect of withholding taxes. It clarifies that the fair value of cash-settled awards is determined on a basis consistent with that used for equity-settled awards. Market-based performance conditions and non-vesting conditions are reflected in the ‘fair values’, but non-market performance conditions and service vesting conditions are reflected in the estimate of the number of awards expected to vest. Also, the amendment clarifies that if the terms and conditions of a cash-settled share-based payment transaction are modified with the result that it becomes an equity-settled share-based payment transaction, the transaction is accounted for as such from the date of the modification. Further, the amendment requires the award that includes a net settlement feature in respect of withholding taxes to be treated as equity-settled in its entirety. The cash payment to the tax authority is treated as if it was part of an equity settlement.


Mar 31, 2016

Notes:

1) The above Cash Flow Statement has been prepared under the ‘’Indirect Method‘’ as set out in the Accounting Standard - 3 on

Cash Flow Statement.

2) Interest expense is inclusive of, and additions to fixed assets are exclusive of, interest capitalized Rs,454.32 lacs (previous

year Nil). Further, other borrowing costs is inclusive of, and additions to fixed assets are exclusive of, other borrowing cost

capitalized Rs,42.55 lacs (previous year Nil).

3) Additions to fixed assets include movement of Capital work-in-progress during the year.

4) Proceeds/(repayment) of / from Commercial paper and other Short-term borrowings qualify for disclosure on net basis.

5) Cash and cash equivalents do not include any amount which is not available to the Company for its use.

6) Cash and cash equivalents as at the Balance Sheet date consists of:

7) Figure in brackets represent cash outflow from respective activities.

8) As breakup of Cash and cash equivalents is also available in Note No. 18, reconciliation of items of Cash and cash equivalents

as per Cash Flow Statement with the respective items reported in the Balance Sheet is not required and hence not provided.

1. Basis of preparation of financial statements

The Financial Statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in

India.

The Financial Statements have been prepared on accrual basis and under the historical cost convention except for certain tangible

fixed assets which are carried at revalued amounts.

GAAP comprises applicable Accounting Standards specified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read with Rule 7 of the

Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, other pronouncements of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), relevant

applicable provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, and Companies Act, 2013 to the extent applicable and the applicable guidelines

issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued Accounting Standard is initially adopted or a

revision to an existing Accounting Standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use. All assets and

liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company’s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out

in Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. The Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of

current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

2. Use of estimates The preparation of the Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and

assumptions that affect the reported balances of assets, liabilities and disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as at the

date of the Financial Statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Actual results might differ from

the estimates. Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known/

materialize.

3. Fixed assets and capital work-in-progress

a) Tangible fixed assets are stated at their original cost (net of accumulated depreciation and impairment) adjusted by

revaluation of certain assets. Cost, net of canvas, includes acquisition price, import duties, other non- refundable taxes and

levies, directly attributable expenses and pre-operational expenses including finance costs, wherever applicable for bringing the

asset to its working condition for the intended use.

b) Intangible assets acquired separately which are expected to provide future enduring economic benefits are stated at their

original cost (net of accumulated amortization and impairment, if any).

Cost, net of cenvat, includes acquisition price, license fees and costs of implementation/system integration services and any

directly attributable expenditure, wherever applicable for bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.

c) Expenditure during construction period: Directly attributable expenditure (including finance costs relating to borrowed funds

for construction or acquisition of fixed assets) incurred on projects under implementation are treated as Pre-operative expenses

pending allocation to the assets and are shown under “Capital work-in-progress”. Capital work-in-progress is stated at the amount

expended up to the date of Balance Sheet for the cost of fixed assets that are not yet ready for their intended use.

4. Depreciation and amortization

a) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets is provided on straight line basis so as to charge the cost of the assets or the amount

substituted for costs in case of revalued assets less its residual value over the useful life of the respective asset as

prescribed under Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, other than Mobile Phones.

The management is of the view that the estimated useful life of Mobile Phones are three years. Hence, Mobile Phones are

depreciated over a period of three years on straight line basis.

Tangible fixed assets individually costing less than Rs,5000/- are depreciated over the period of one year from the date the assets

are available for use. Residual value has been considered as 5% of the cost of the respective asset.

b) Freehold land is not depreciated. Leasehold land are amortized over the period of the lease on straight line basis.

c) Computer Software (Acquired) are amortized on straight line basis over estimated useful lives of five years.

d) Depreciation/amortization on assets added, sold or discarded during the year is provided on pro-rata basis.

5. Investments

Investments are either classified as current or long-term based on Management’s intention at the time of acquisition.

Investments that are not readily realizable and are intended to be held for more than one year from the date, on which such

investments are made, are classified as non-current investments. All other investments are classified as current investments.

Short term highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less which carry insignificant risk of changes

in value are classified as cash and cash equivalents.

Long - term investments are carried at cost less provision for diminution recorded to recognize any decline, other than

temporary, in the carrying value of each investment.

Cost includes acquisition price and directly attributable acquisition charges such as brokerage, fee and duties.

6. Inventories

a) Inventories (other than By-products and Standing crop) are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value after providing

for obsolescence, if any.

Cost of inventory comprises of purchase price, cost of conversion and other directly attributable costs that have been incurred

in bringing the inventories to their respective present location and condition. Interest costs are not included in value of

inventories. The cost of Inventories is computed on weighted average basis.

b) By-products and Standing crop are valued at net realizable value.

7. Revenue recognition

a) Sale of goods is recognized at the time of transfer of substantial risk and rewards of ownership to the buyer for a

consideration.

b) Gross turnover includes excise duty and excludes sales tax/VAT, trade discounts and rebates.

c) Income from sale of Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) is recognized on the delivery of the RECs to the customers’ account.

d) Dividend income is recognized when the Company’s right to receive dividend is established.

e) Interest income is recognized on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest

rate.

f) Insurance claims are accounted for on the basis of claims admitted/expected to be admitted and to the extent that there is no

uncertainty in receiving the claims.

g) All other income are accounted for on accrual basis.

8. Expenses

All the expenses are accounted for on accrual basis.

9. Government grants

a) Grants and subsidies from the Government are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the Company would comply with

the conditions attached with them and the grant/subsidy would be received.

b) Government grants related to specific fixed assets are adjusted with the value of the fixed asset. Government grants in the

nature of promoter’s contribution i.e., grants received with reference to the total investment or by way of contribution towards

total capital outlay by the Company, are credited to Capital Reserve.

c) Government grants related to revenue items are adjusted with the related expenditure. If not related to a specific

expenditure, it is taken as income.

10. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

A provision is recognized in respect of obligations where, based on the evidence available, their existence at the Balance Sheet

date is considered probable as a result of a past event, and the Company has a present legal obligation that can be estimated

reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are

measured by best estimate of the outflow of economic benefits required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date.

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date. Re-imbursement expected in

respect of expenditure to settle a provision is recognized only when it is virtually certain that the reimbursement will be

received.

A Contingent Asset is neither recognized nor disclosed in the Financial Statements.

11. Impairment of assets

An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its recoverable value.

The Company assesses at each Balance Sheet date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired.

Impairment loss, if any, is recognized to the extent, the carrying amount of the asset exceed its recoverable value being higher

of an asset’s net selling price and its value in use. Value in use is computed at net present value of estimated future cash

flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life.

The Company also assesses at each Balance Sheet date whether there is an indication that the impairment losses recognized in

earlier years no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication is there, the impairment losses recognized in prior years are

reversed.

Such reversals are recognized as an increase in carrying amount of the assets to the extent that it does not exceed the carrying

amount that would have been determined (net of depreciation or amortization) had no impairment loss been recognized in previous

years.

12. Foreign currency transactions and translations

a) Transactions in Foreign currency are initially recorded at the exchange rate at which the transaction is carried out.

b) Monetary Assets and Liabilities related to foreign currency transactions remaining outstanding at the year-end are translated

at the year-end rate.

Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at

the date of the transaction.

Any income or expense on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Statement of

Profit and Loss.

c) In case of monetary assets and liabilities which are covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the

year-end rate and the rate on the date of the contract is recognized as exchange difference.

The premium or discount on forward exchange contracts is recognized over the period of the respective contract.

13. Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset is capitalized as part of

the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a

substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to Statement of Profit and

Loss in the period in which they are incurred.

14. Employee benefits

a) Short-term employee benefits Short-term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the

Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the related service is rendered.

b) Post-employment benefits Defined contribution plan Employee benefits in the form of Provident Fund, Employee State Insurance

and Labour Welfare Fund are considered as defined contribution plan.

The Company’s contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year as they

fall due.

The Company has no further obligations under these plans beyond its periodic contributions

Defined benefit plan

The Company provides for retirement benefits in the form of Gratuity which are in the nature of Defined Benefit Plans. Such

benefits are provided for on the basis of an independent actuarial valuation done at the year-end using Projected Unit Credit

Method. Actuarial Gains and Losses comprise experience adjustments and the effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions which

are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

c) Other long term employee benefits

The employees of the Company are also entitled for long-term benefits in the form of compensated absences as per policy of the

Company. The Company’s liability is actuarially determined (using Projected Unit Credit Method) at the end of each year.

Actuarial losses/gains are recognized in the statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

d) Expenditure on voluntary retirement scheme is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which it is incurred.

15. Employee stock option scheme

In respect of employee stock options granted pursuant to the Company’s Employee Stock Option Scheme, the intrinsic value of the

options (excess of market price of the share on the date of grant over the exercise price of the option) is treated as discount

and amortized as employee compensation cost on a straight line basis over the vesting period in accordance with the Guidelines

announced by SEBI from time to time and the Guidance Note on Accounting of Employee Share Based Payments issued by ICAI.

16. Taxes on income

Tax expense for the period comprises of current income tax and deferred tax.

Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act,

1961.

Deferred tax is recognized, subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets, on timing differences,

being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one

or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent there is reasonable certainty that the assets

can be realized in future. However, when there is a brought forward loss or unabsorbed depreciation under taxation laws, deferred

tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty of realization of such assets. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at

each Balance Sheet date and written down or written up to reflect the amount that is reasonably/virtually certain to be realized.

The deferred tax for timing differences between the book and tax profit for the period is accounted for using the tax rates and

laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as of the Balance Sheet date.

MAT credit is recognized as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal

income tax during the specified period. In the year in which the Minimum Alternate tax (MAT) credit becomes eligible to be

recognized as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in the Guidance Note issued by ICAI, the said asset is

created by way of a credit to the Statement of Profit and Loss and shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same

at each Balance Sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit Entitlement to the extent there is no longer

convincing evidence to the effect that the Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified period.

17. Derivative instruments

The Company uses derivative contracts to hedge the interest rate and currency risks. The Company does not use these contracts for

trading or speculation purposes.

Derivative contracts outstanding at the Balance Sheet date for firm commitment or highly probable forecast transactions are

marked to market and the losses, if any, are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss and gains, if any, are ignored in

accordance with the announcement of ICAI on “Accounting of Derivatives” issued in March, 2008.

18. Segment reporting

Segments are identified based on the dominant source and nature of risks and returns and the internal organization and management

structure. The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies adopted for preparing

and presenting the Financial Statements of the Company as a whole. In addition, the following specific accounting policies have

been followed for segment reporting:

a) Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly identifiable with/allocable to the segment including inter segment

transfers. Inter segment transfers are accounted for based on the transaction price agreed to between the segments which is at

cost in case of transfer of Company’s intermediate and final products and estimated realizable value in case of by-products.

b) Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities are identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating

activities of the segment. Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable

to segments on direct and/or on a reasonable basis, have been disclosed as “Unallowable”.

19. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit/(loss) after tax (including the post-tax effect of extraordinary

items, if any) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

Diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit/(loss) after tax (including the post-tax effect of

extraordinary items, if any) by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and

also the weighted average number of equity shares which could be issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity

shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined as at the end of each period presented.

20. Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit/loss before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of

a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses

associated with investing or financing flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company

are segregated.

21. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cheques on hand, balance with banks on current accounts and short term highly

liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less which carry insignificant risk of changes in value.

22. Commercial papers

Commercial papers are recognized as a liability at the face value at the time of issuance of instrument. The discount is

amortized as an interest cost over the period of commercial paper at the rate implicit in the transaction.

(d) The Company has only one class of equity shares. The Company declares and pays dividend in Indian rupees. The holders of

equity shares are entitled to receive dividend as declared from time to time and are entitled to one vote per share.

(e) In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the

Company, after distribution of all preferential dues. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held

by the shareholders.

(f) Shareholders holding more than 5 % of the equity shares in the Company :

(g) The aggregate number of equity shares issued pursuant to contract, without payment being received in cash in immediately

preceding five years ended on 31st March, 2016 – 526894 equity shares (previous period of five years ended on 31st March, 2015 -

570942 equity shares).

(h) The aggregate number of equity shares bought back in immediately preceding five years ended on 31st March, 2016 - 11960988

equity shares (previous period of five years ended on 31st March, 2015 - 15410135 equity shares).

(i) The Company has reserved 158200 (Previous year 213200) equity shares of par value Rs,1/- each for issue at a premium of Rs,44/-

each to eligible employees of the Company under Employee Stock Option Scheme. All these shares are vested and are exercisable at

any point of time. Refer Note No. 30(2) for terms of Employee Stock Option Scheme

* Represents adjustment as per transitional provisions of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 in relation to assets where

useful life has already exhausted.


Mar 31, 2013

1. Basis of preparation of financial statements

The Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India under the historical cost convention on accrual basis except certain tangible fixed assets which are carried at revalued amount.

GAAP comprises mandatory Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 notified by the Central Government of India under Section 211(3C) of the Companies Act, 1956, other pronouncements of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued Accounting Standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing Accounting Standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.

All Assets and Liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956. Based on the nature of operations and time between the procurement of raw material and realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

2. Use of estimates

The preparation of the Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported balances of assets and liabilities and disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of income and expenditure during the period. Actual results might differ from the estimates. Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known/ materialised.

3. Fixed assets, intangible assets and capital work-in-progress

a) Fixed Assets are stated at their original cost (net of accumulated depreciation and impairments) adjusted by revaluation of Land, Building, Plant & Machinery, Railway Siding and Tube well of the Balrampur Unit as at 30th June, 1988; Land, Building and Plant & Machinery of Tulsipur Unit as at 31st March, 1999. Cost, net of cenvat, includes acquisition price, import duties, other non- refundable taxes and levies, attributable expenses and pre-operational expenses including finance charges, wherever applicable.

b) Intangible assets expected to provide future enduring economic benefits are recorded at the consideration paid for acquisition of such assets and are carried at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortisation and impairment, if any.

c) Expenditure during construction period: Expenditure (including financing cost relating to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of fixed assets) incurred on projects under implementation are treated as Pre-operative expenses pending allocation to the assets and are shown under "Capital work-in-progress". Capital work-in-progress is stated at the amount expended upto the date of Balance Sheet for the cost of fixed assets that are not yet ready for their intended use.

4. Depreciation and amortisation

a) Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on Straight Line method in accordance with the rates as specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 (as amended) other than on Power Transmission Lines and Mobile Phones. Power Transmission Lines are depreciated over a period of five years and Mobile Phones over a period of three years on straight line basis.

b) Depreciation/amortisation on assets added, sold or discarded during the year is provided on pro-rata basis.

c) Lease hold land in the nature of perpetual lease is not amortised. Other lease hold land are amortised over the period of the lease.

d) Computer Software (Acquired) are amortised on straight line basis over a period of five years.

5. Investments

Investments are either classified as current or long-term based on Management''s intention at the time of purchase. Long - term investments are carried at cost less provision for diminution recorded to recognise any decline, other than temporary, in the carrying value of each investment. Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value, category wise. Cost for overseas investments comprises of the

Indian Rupee value of the consideration paid for the investment translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date of investment. Cost includes acquisition charges such as brokerage, fee and duties.

6. Inventories

a) Inventories (other than By-products and Standing crop) are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value after providing for obsolescence, if any. Cost of inventory comprises of purchase price, cost of conversion and other cost that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their respective present location and condition. Interest costs are not included in value of inventories. The cost of Inventories is computed on weighted average basis.

b) Assets identified and technically evaluated as obsolete and held for disposal are valued at their estimated net realisable value.

c) By-products and Standing crop are valued at net realisable value.

7. Revenue recognition

a) Sale of goods is recognised at the time of transfer of substantial risk and rewards of ownership to the buyer for a consideration.

b) Gross turnover includes excise duty but excludes sales tax / VAT.

c) Dividend income is recognised when the Company''s right to receive dividend is established.

d) Interest income is recognized on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and rate applicable.

e) All other income are accounted for on accrual basis.

8. Expenses

All the expenses are accounted for on accrual basis.

9. Government grants

a) Government grants related to specific fixed assets are adjusted with the value of the fixed asset. If not related to a specific fixed asset, it is credited to Capital Reserve.

b) Government grants related to revenue items are adjusted with the related expenditure. If not related to a specific expenditure, it is taken as income.

10. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

Provision is recognised in respect of obligations where, based on the evidence available, their existence at the Balance Sheet date is considered probable.

A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation.

Provisions are determined by the best estimate of the outflow of economic benefits required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date.

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

Re-imbursement expected in respect of expenditure to settle a provision is recognised only when it is virtually certain that the re- imbursement will be received.

A Contingent Asset is not recognised in the Accounts.

11. Impairment of assets

Impairment loss, if any, is recognised to the extent, the carrying amount of assets exceed their recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is higher of an asset''s net selling price and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life.

Impairment losses recognised in prior years are reversed when there is an indication that the impairment losses recognised no longer exist or have decreased. Such reversals are recognised as an increase in carrying amount of assets to the extent that it does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of amortisation or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised in previous years.

After impairment, depreciation or amortisation on assets is provided on the revised carrying amount of the respective asset over its remaining useful life.

12. Foreign currency transactions

a) Transactions in Foreign currency are initially recorded at the exchange rate at which the transaction is carried out.

b) Monetary Assets and Liabilities related to foreign currency transactions remaining outstanding at the year end are translated at the year end rate.

Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

c) In case of items which are covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the year end rate and the rate on the date of the contract is recognised as exchange difference. The premium or discount on forward exchange contracts is recognized over the period of the respective contract.

d) Any income or expense on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on translation at the year end is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

13. Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset is capitalized as part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred.

14. Insurance claims

Insurance claims are accounted for on the basis of claims admitted/expected to be admitted and to the extent that there is no uncertainty in receiving the claims.

15. Employee benefits

a) Short-term employee benefits are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the related service is rendered.

b) Long-term employee benefits are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the employees have rendered services. The expense is recognised at the present value of the amount payable as per actuarial valuations. Actuarial gains and losses in respect of such benefits are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

16. Employee stock option scheme

In respect of employee stock options granted pursuant to the company''s Employee Stock Option Scheme, the intrinsic value of the option (excess of market price of the share on the date of grant over the exercise price of the option) is treated as discount and amortised as employee compensation cost on a straight line basis over the vesting period.

17. Taxes on income

Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Deferred tax is recognised, subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent there is reasonable certainty that the assets can be realized in future. However, when there is a brought forward loss or unabsorbed depreciation under taxation laws, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty of realization of such assets. Deferred tax assets are reviewed as at each Balance Sheet date and written down or written up to reflect the amount that is reasonably/virtually certain to be realized.

MAT credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the company will pay normal income tax during the specified period. In the year in which the Minimum Alternate tax (MAT) credit becomes eligible to be recognised as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in guidance note issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the said asset is created by way of a credit to the Statement of Profit and Loss and shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each Balance Sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified period.

18. Derivative contracts

The Company uses derivative contracts to hedge the interest rate and currency risks. The Company does not use these contracts for trading or speculation purposes.

19. Segment reporting

Segments are identified based on the dominant source and nature of risks and returns and the internal organisation and management structure.The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies of the Company. In addition, the following specific accounting policies have been followed for segment reporting:

a) Inter segment revenue is accounted for based on the transaction price agreed to between segments which is primarily market led.

b) Revenue and expenses are identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment. Revenue and expenses, which relate to the enterprise as a whole and are not allocable to segments on a reasonable basis, have been disclosed as "Unallocable".

20. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/(loss) after tax (including the post tax effect of extra ordinary items, if any) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/(loss) after tax (including the post tax effect of any extra ordinary items, if any) by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares which could be issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

21. Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.


Mar 31, 2012

1.1 Basis of preparation of financial statements

The Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India under the historical cost convention on accrual basis except certain tangible fixed assets which are carried at revalued amount.

GAAP comprises mandatory Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 notified by the Central Government of India under Section 211(3C) of the Companies Act, 1956, other pronouncements of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued Accounting Standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing Accounting Standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.

All Assets and Liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956. Based on the nature of operations and time between the procurement of raw material and realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

1.2 Use of estimates

The preparation of the Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported balances of assets and liabilities and disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of income and expenditure during the period. Actual results might differ from the estimates. Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known/ materialised.

1.3 Fixed assets, intangible assets and capital work-in-progress

a) Fixed Assets are stated at their original cost (net of accumulated depreciation and impairments) adjusted by revaluation of Land, Building, Plant & Machinery, Railway Siding and Tube well of the Balrampur Unit as at 30th June, 1988; Land, Building and Plant & Machinery of Tulsipur Unit as at 31st March, 1999. Cost, net of cenvat, includes acquisition price, import duties, other non-refundable taxes and levies, attributable expenses and pre-operational expenses including finance charges, wherever applicable.

b) Intangible assets expected to provide future enduring economic benefits are recorded at the consideration paid for acquisition of such assets and are carried at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortisation and impairment, if any.

c) Expenditure during construction period: Expenditure (including financing cost relating to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of fixed assets) incurred on projects under implementation are treated as Pre-operative expenses pending allocation to the assets and are shown under "Capital work-in-progress". Capital work-in-progress is stated at the amount expended upto the date of Balance Sheet for the cost of fixed assets that are not yet ready for their intended use.

1.4 Depreciation and amortisation

a) Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on Straight Line method in accordance with the rates as specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 (as amended) other than on Power Transmission lines and Mobile Phones. Power Transmission Lines are depreciated over a period of five years and Mobile Phones over a period of three years on straight line basis.

b) Depreciation/amortisation on assets added, sold or discarded during the year has been provided on pro-rata basis.

c) Lease hold land in the nature of perpetual lease is not amortised. Other lease hold land are amortised over the period of the lease.

d) Computer Software (Acquired) are amortised on straight line basis over a period of five years.

1.5 Investments

Investments are either classified as current or long-term based on Management's intention at the time of purchase. Long-term investments are carried at cost less provisions for diminution recorded to recognise any decline, other than temporary, in the carrying value of each investment. Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and fair value, category wise. Cost for overseas investments comprises of the Indian Rupee value of the consideration paid for the investment translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date of investment. Cost includes acquisition charges such as brokerage, fee and duties.

1.6 Inventories

a) Inventories (other than By-products and Standing crop) are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value after providing for obsolescence, if any. Cost of inventory comprises of purchase price, cost of conversion and other cost that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their respective present location and condition. Interest costs are not included in value of inventories. The cost of Inventories is computed on weighted average basis.

b) Assets identified and technically evaluated as obsolete and held for disposal are valued at their estimated net realisable value.

c) By-products and Standing Crop are valued at net realisable value.

1.7 Revenue recognition

a) Sale of goods is recognised at the time of transfer of substantial risk and rewards of ownership to the buyer for a consideration.

b) Gross turnover includes excise duty but excludes sales tax / VAT.

c) Dividend income is recognised when the Company's right to receive dividend is established.

d) Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and rate applicable.

e) All other income are accounted for on accrual basis.

1.8 Expenses

All the expenses are accounted for on accrual basis.

1.9 Government grants

a) Government grants related to specific fixed assets are adjusted with the value of the fixed asset. If not related to a specific fixed asset, it is credited to Capital Reserve.

b) Government grants related to revenue items are adjusted with the related expenditure. If not related to a specific expenditure, it is taken as income.

1.10 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

Provision is recognised in respect of obligations where, based on the evidence available, their existence at the Balance Sheet date is considered probable.

A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by the best estimate of the outflow of economic benefits required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date.

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

Re-imbursement expected in respect of expenditure to settle a provision is recognised only when it is virtually certain that the re- imbursement will be received.

A Contingent Asset is not recognised in the Accounts.

1.11 Impairment of assets

Impairment loss, if any, is recognised to the extent, the carrying amount of assets exceed their recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is higher of an asset's net selling price and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life.

Impairment losses recognised in prior years are reversed when there is an indication that the impairment losses recognised no longer exist or have decreased. Such reversals are recognised as an increase in carrying amount of assets to the extent that it does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of amortisation or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised in previous years.

After impairment, depreciation or amortisation on assets is provided on the revised carrying amount of the respective asset over its remaining useful life.

1.12 Foreign currency transactions

a) Transactions in Foreign currency are initially recorded at the exchange rate at which the transaction is carried out.

b) Monetary Assets and Liabilities related to foreign currency transactions remaining outstanding at the year end are translated at the year end rate.

Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

c) In case of items which are covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the year end rate and the rate on the date of the contract is recognised as exchange difference. The premium or discount on forward exchange contracts is recognised over the period of the respective contract.

d) Any income or expense on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on translation at the year end is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.13 Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset is capitalised as part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred.

1.14 Insurance claims

Insurance claims are accounted for on the basis of claims admitted/expected to be admitted and to the extent that there is no uncertainty in receiving the claims.

1.15 Employee benefits

a) Short-term employee benefits are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the related service is rendered.

b) Long-term employee benefits are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the employees have rendered services. The expense is recognised at the present value of the amount payable as per actuarial valuations. Actuarial gains and losses in respect of such benefits are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.16 Employee stock option scheme

In respect of employee stock options granted pursuant to the Company's Employee Stock Option Scheme, the intrinsic value of the option (excess of market price of the share on the date of grant over the exercise price of the option) is treated as discount and amortised as employee compensation cost on a straight line basis over the vesting period.

1.17 Taxes on income

Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred tax is recognised, subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent there is reasonable certainty that the assets can be realised in future; however, when there is a brought forward loss or unabsorbed depreciation under taxation laws, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty of realisation of such assets. Deferred tax assets are reviewed as at each Balance Sheet date and written down or written up to reflect the amount that is reasonably/virtually certain to be realised.

MAT credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period. In the year in which the Minimum Alternate tax (MAT) credit becomes eligible to be recognised as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in guidance note issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the said asset is created by way of a credit to the Statement of Profit and Loss and shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each Balance Sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified period.

1.18 Derivative contracts

The Company uses derivative contracts to hedge the interest rate and currency risks. The Company does not use these contracts for trading or speculation purposes.

1.19 Segment reporting

Segments are identified based on the dominant source and nature of risks and returns and the internal organisation and management structure.The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies of the Company. In addition, the following specific accounting policies have been followed for segment reporting:

a) Inter segment revenue is accounted for based on the transaction price agreed to between segments which is primarily market led.

b) Revenue and expenses are identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment. Revenue and expenses, which relate to the enterprise as a whole and are not allocable to segments on a reasonable basis, have been disclosed as "Unallocable".

1.20 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/(loss) after tax (including the post tax effect of extra ordinary items, if any) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/(loss) after tax (including the post tax effect of any extra ordinary items, if any) by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares which could be issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

1.21 Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

d) The Company has only one class of equity shares. The Company declares and pays dividend in Indian rupees. The holders of equity shares are entitled to receive dividend as declared from time to time and are entitled to one vote per share.

e) In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential dues. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.

g) The Company has issued an aggregate of 44048 upto 31.03.2012 (previous period 44048 upto 31.03.2011) fully paid up equity shares of par value Rs 1/- each without payment being received in cash in the last 5 years immediately preceding the balance sheet date.

h) The Company has bought back an aggregate of 15410135 upto 31.03.2012 (Previous period 4678678 upto 31.03.2011) equity shares in the last 5 years immediately preceding the balance sheet date. 1229531 equity shares bought back during the previous period but not extinguished as on 31.03.2011, were extinguished during the year [Refer note no. 2.29(4)].


Mar 31, 2011

1. Basis of preparation of Financial Statements

The Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India under the historical cost convention on accrual basis except certain fixed assets which are carried at revalued amount. GAAP comprises mandatory Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 notified by the Central Government of India under Section 211(3C) of the Companies Act, 1956, other pronouncements of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued Accounting Standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing Accounting Standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.

2. Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported balances of assets and liabilities and disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of income and expenditure during the period.

3. Fixed Assets, Intangible Assets and Capital Work-in-Progress

a) Fixed Assets are stated at their original cost (net of accumulated depreciation and impairments) adjusted by revaluation of Land, Building, Plant & Machinery, Railway Siding and Tube well of the Balrampur Unit as at 30th June, 1988; Land, Building and Plant & Machinery of Tulsipur Unit as at 31st March, 1999 and Land, Building and Plant & Machinery of Maizapur unit as at 30th September, 2008. Cost, net of cenvat, includes acquisition price, import duties, other non-refundable taxes and levies, attributable expenses and pre-operational expenses including finance charges, wherever applicable.

b) Intangible assets are recorded at the consideration paid for acquisition of such assets and are carried at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortisation and impairment, if any.

c) Expenditure during construction period: Expenditure (including financing cost relating to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of fixed assets) incurred on projects under implementation are treated as Pre-operative expenses pending allocation to the assets and are shown under "Capital Work-in-Progress". Capital Work-in-Progress comprises the cost of fixed assets that are not yet ready for their intended use at the reporting date.

4. Depreciation and Amortization

a) Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on Straight Line method in accordance with the rates as specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 (as amended) other than on Power Transmission lines and Mobile Phones. Power Transmission Lines are depreciated over a period of five years and Mobile Phones over a period of three years on straight line basis.

b) Depreciation/amortisation on assets added, sold or discarded during the year has been provided on pro-rata basis.

c) Lease hold land in the nature of perpetual lease is not amortised. Other lease hold land are amortised over the period of the lease.

d) Computer Software (Acquired) are amortised over a period of five years. Amortisation is done on straight line basis.

5. Investments

Trade investments are the investments made for or to enhance the Companys business interest. Investments are either classified as current or long-term based on Managements intention at the time of purchase. Long - term investments are carried at cost less provisions for diminution recorded to recognize any decline, other than temporary, in the carrying value of each investment. Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and fair value, category wise. Cost for overseas investments comprises of the Indian Rupee value of the consideration paid for the investment translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date of investment. Cost includes acquisition charges such as brokerage, fee and duties.

6. Inventories

a) Inventories (other than By-products, Scrap and Standing crop) are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value after providing for obsolescence, if any. Cost of inventory comprises of purchase price, cost of conversion and other cost that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their respective present location and condition. Interest costs are not included in value of inventories. The cost of Inventories is computed on weighted average basis.

b) Assets identified and technically evaluated as obsolete and held for disposal are valued at their estimated net realisable value.

c) By-products (Molasses, Bagasse & Press mud), Scrap and Standing Crop are valued at net realisable value.

d) Inter-unit transfer of By-products include the cost of transportation, duties, etc.

7. Share Issue Expenses

These are equally amortised over a period of five years.

8. Revenue Recognition

a) Sale of goods is recognised at the time of transfer of substantial risk and rewards of ownership to the buyer for a consideration.

b) Gross turnover includes excise duty but excludes sales tax / VAT.

c) Dividend income is accounted for in the year it is declared.

d) All other income are accounted for on accrual basis.

9. Expenses

All the expenses are accounted for on accrual basis.

10. Government Grants

a) Government grants related to specific fixed assets are adjusted with the value of the fixed asset. If not related to a specific fixed asset, it is credited to Capital Reserve.

b) Government grants related to revenue items are adjusted with the related expenditure. If not related to a specific expenditure, it is taken as income.

11. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provision is recognized in respect of obligations where, based on the evidence available, their existence at the Balance Sheet date is considered probable.

Contingent Liabilities are shown by way of notes to the Accounts in respect of obligations where, based on the evidence available, their existence at the Balance Sheet date is considered not probable.

Re-imbursement expected in respect of expenditure to settle a provision is recognized only when it is virtually certain that the re-imbursement will be received.

A Contingent Asset is not recognized in the Accounts.

12. Impairment of Assets

An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the Profit & Loss Account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in previous accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.

13. Foreign Currency Transactions

a) Transactions in Foreign currency are initially recorded at the exchange rate at which the transaction is carried out.

b) Monetary Assets and Liabilities related to foreign currency transactions remaining outstanding at the year end are translated at the year end rate.

c) In case of items which are covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the year end rate and the rate on the date of the contract is recognized as exchange difference. The premium or discount on forward exchange contracts is recognized over the period of the respective contract.

d) Any income or expense on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on translation at the year end is recognized in the Profit & Loss Account.

e) Transactions covered by cross currency swap contracts are marked to market at the Balance Sheet date and the gain or loss is taken to Profit & Loss Account.

14. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset is capitalized as part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to Profit & Loss Account in the period in which they are incurred.

15. Insurance Claims

Accounted for on settlement of claims.

16. Employee Benefits

a) Short-term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Profit & Loss Account for the year in which the related service is rendered.

b) Long-term employee benefits are recognized as an expense in the Profit & Loss Account for the year in which the employees have rendered services. The expense is recognized at the present value of the amount payable as per actuarial valuations. Actuarial gains and losses in respect of such benefits are recognized in the Profit & Loss Account.

17. Employee Stock Option Scheme

In respect of employee stock options granted pursuant to the companys Employee Stock Option Scheme, the intrinsic value of the option (excess of market price of the share on the date of grant over the exercise price of the option) is treated as discount and amortised for as employee compensation cost on a straight line basis over the vesting period.

18. Taxes on Income

Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Deferred tax is recognized, subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods.

MAT credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the company will pay normal income tax during the specified period. In the year in which the Minimum Alternate tax (MAT) credit becomes eligible to be recognised as an asset in

accordance with the recommendations contained in guidance note issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the said asset is created by way of a credit to the Profit & Loss Account and shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each Balance Sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified period.


Sep 30, 2009

1. Basis of preparation of Financial Statements

The Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India under the historical cost convention on accrual basis. GAAP comprises mandatory Accounting Standards as prescribed by the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006, the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued Accounting Standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing Accounting Standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.

2. Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported balances of assets and liabilities and disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of income and expenses during the period. Examples of such estimates generally include future obligations under employee retirement benefit plans and income taxes.

3. Fixed Assets, Intangible Assets and Capital Work-in-Progress

a) Fixed Assets are stated at their original cost (net of accumulated depreciation and impairments) adjusted by revaluation of Land, Building, Plant & Machinery, Railway Siding and Tube well of the Balrampur Unit as at 30th June, 1988 and Land, Building and Plant & Machinery of Tulsipur Unit as at 31st March, 1999. Cost, net of cenvat, includes acquisition price, import duties, other non- refundable taxes and levies, attributable expenses and pre operational expenses including finance charges, wherever applicable. _

b) Intangible assets are recorded at the consideration paid for acquisition of such assets and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment, if any.

c) Expenditure during construction period: Expenditure (including financing cost relating to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of fixed assets) incurred on projects under implementation are treated as Pre-operative expenses pending allocation to the assets and are shown under "Capital Work-in-Progress". Capital Work-in-Progress comprises the cost of fixed assets that are not yet ready for their intended use at the reporting date.

4. Depreciation and Amortization

a) Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on Straight Line method in accordance with the rates as specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 (as amended) other than on Power Transmission lines and Mobile Phones. Power Transmission Lines are amortised/depreciated over a period of five years and Mobile Phones over a period of three years on straight line basis.

b) Depreciation/amortisation on assets added, sold or discarded during the year has been provided on pro-rata basis.

c) Lease hold land in the nature of perpetual lease are not amortized. Other lease hold land are amortised over the period of the lease.

d) Computer Software (Acquired) are amortised over a period of five years. Amortisation is done on straight line basis.

5. Investments

Trade investments are the investments made to enhance the Companys business interest. Investments are either classified as current or long- term based on Managements intention at the time of purchase. Long-term investments are carried at cost less provisions recorded to recognise any decline, other than temporary, in the carrying value of each investment. Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and fair value, category wise. Cost for overseas investments comprises of the Indian Rupee value of the consideration paid for the investment translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date of investment. Cost includes acquisition charges such as brokerage, fee and duties.

6. Inventories

a) Inventories (other than By-products, Scrap and Standing crop) are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value after providing for obsolescence, if any. Cost of inventory comprises of purchase price, cost of conversion and other cost incurred in bringing the Inventories to their respective present location and condition. The cost of Inventories is computed on weighted average basis.

b) Assets identified and technically evaluated as obsolete and held for disposal are valued at their estimated net realisable value.

c) By-products (Molasses & Bagasse), Scrap and Standing Crop are valued at net realisable value.

d) Inter-unit transfer of By-products include the cost of transportation, duties, etc.

7. Share Issue Expenses

These are equally amortised over a period of five years.

8. Revenue Recognition

a) Sale of goods is recognised at the time of transfer of substantial risk and rewards of ownership to the buyer for a consideration.

b) Gross turnover includes excise duty but excludes sales tax / VAT.

c) Dividend income is accounted for in the year it is declared.

d) All other income are accounted for on accrual basis.

9. Expenses

All the expenses are accounted for on accrual basis.

10. Government Grants & Subsidies

a) Government grants related to specific fixed assets arc adjusted with the value of the fixed asset. If not related lo a specific fixed asset, it is credited to Capital Reserve.

b) Government grants related to revenue items are adjusted with the related expenditure. If not related to a specific expenditure, it is taken as income.

11. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provision is recognised in respect of obligations where, based on the evidence available, their existence at the Balance Sheet date is considered probable.

Contingent Liabilities are shown by way of notes to the Accounts in respect of obligations where, based on the evidence available, their existence at the Balance Sheet date is considered not probable.

Re-imbursement expected in respect of expenditure to settle a provision is recognised only when it is virtually certain that the re- imbursement will be received.

A Contingent Asset is not recognised in the Accounts.

12. Impairment of Assets

Impairment losses, if any, are recognised in accordance with the Accounting Standard notified under the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006.

13. Foreign Currency Transactions

a) Transactions in Foreign currency are initially recorded at the exchange rate at which the transaction is carried out.

b) Monetary Assets and Liabilities related to foreign currency transactions remaining outstanding at the year end are translated at the year end rate.

c) In case of items which are covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the year end rate and the rate on the date of the contract is recognised as exchange difference. The premium or discount on forward exchange contracts is amortised over the period of the respective contract.

d) Any income or expense on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on translation at the year end is recognised in the Profit & Loss Account.

e) Transactions covered by cross currency swap contracts are marked to market at the Balance Sheet date and the gain or loss is taken to Profit & Loss Account.

14. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset is capitalised as part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue in the period in which they are incurred.

15. Insurance Claims

Accounted for on settlement of claims.

16. Employee Benefits

a) Short-term employee benefits are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Profit & Loss Account for the year in which the related service is rendered.

b) Long-term employee benefits are recognised as an expense in the Profit & Loss Account for the year in which the employees have rendered services. The expense is recognised at the present value of the amount payable as per actuarial valuations. Actuarial gains and losses in respect of such benefits are recognised in the Profit & Loss Account.

17. Employee Stock Option Scheme

In respect of stock options granted pursuant to the Companys Employee Stock Option Scheme, the intrinsic value of the option (excess of market price of the share over the exercise price of the option) is treated as discount and accounted for as employee compensation cost over the vesting period.

18. Taxes on Income

Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred tax is recognised, subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods.

MAT Credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified period. In the year in which the Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) credit becomes eligible to be recognised as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in guidance note issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the said asset is created by way of a credit to the Profit & Loss Account and shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each Balance Sheet date and writes clown the carrying amount of MAT Credit Entitlement lo the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified period.

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