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Accounting Policies of Bayer Cropscience Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2023

Company Profile

Bayer CropScience Limited (“the Company”) is a Company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 and having its registered office at Bayer House, Central Avenue, Hiranandani Estate, Thane (West) - 400 607, India. The Company is engaged in ‘Agri Care’ business which primarily includes manufacture, sale and distribution of insecticides, fungicides, herbicide and various other agrochemical products and production, sale and distribution of hybrid corn seeds. The Company is also involved in sale and distribution of other row crop hybrid seeds. Out of the total paid-up share capital of the Company, 71.43% is held by its promoters. The ultimate parent company is Bayer AG, Germany. The Company is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange, Mumbai. The Company has its own manufacturing facility for agrochemical production at Himatnagar and Silvassa, drying and processing station at Hyderabad and breeding stations at Bengaluru and Udaipur.

1 Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Basis of Preparation

Compliance with Ind AS

The financial statements of the Company are based on the principle of historical cost except for certain financial assets and liabilities and defined benefit plan that are measured at fair value, and are drawn up to comply in all material aspects with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as amended from time to time.

The accounting policies are applied consistently to all the years presented in the financial statements.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company’s operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current or noncurrent classification of assets and liabilities.

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest million as per the requirement of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated. Amount below the rounding off norm adopted by the Company is disclosed as *.

(b) Use of Estimates and Judgments

In preparing the financial statements, the Management has to make certain assumptions and estimates that may substantially impact the presentation of the Company’s financial position and/ or results of operations.

Essential estimates and assumptions that may affect reporting in the various item categories of the financial statements are described in the respective sections of the significant accounting policies. Such assumptions and estimates mainly relate to following categories.

Estimate and Assumptions

Significant Accounting Policies reference

Provision for refund liabilities

(d)

Revenue Recognition

Uncertain tax positions and recognition of deferred tax assets

(f)

Income Tax

Useful life of Property, Plant and Equipment

(l)

Property, Plant and Equipment

Useful life of Investment Properties

(m) Investment Properties

Useful life of Intangible Assets

(n)

Intangible Assets

Measurement and likelihood of occurrence of provisions and contingencies

(p)

Provisions, Contingent liabilities and Contingent Assets

Measurement of defined benefit obligations

(q)

Provision for Employment Benefits

The estimates and judgments used in the preparation of the financial statements are continuously evaluated by the Company and are based on historical experience and various other assumptions and factors (including expectations of future events) that the Company believes to be reasonable under the existing circumstances. Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results may differ from these

estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the periods in which they become known.

(c) Foreign Currency Transactions

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee, which is Company’s functional and presentation currency. A company’s functional currency is that of the primary economic environment in which the company operates.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign exchange gains/ losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(d) Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized in accordance with Ind AS 115 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

(i) Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised on the basis of customer contracts and performance obligations contained therein. Revenue is recognised at a point in time when the control of goods is transferred to customer, this is generally when the goods are delivered to the customer’s location. Control lies with the customer if the customer can independently determine the use of and consume the benefit derived from goods or services. Revenue from delivery of goods is recognised at a point in time based on an overall assessment of the existence of a right to payment, the transfer of physical possession, the transfer of risks and rewards, and acceptance by the customer.

Revenue towards satisfaction of performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price (net of variable consideration) allocated to the performance obligation. Transaction price is reduced by goods and service tax and for actual and expected sales deductions resulting from sales returns, rebates and discounts. Sales deductions are estimated on the basis of historical experience, specific contractual

terms and future expectations of sales development. Sales are reduced on the date of sale or on the date when the amount can be reasonably estimated. A refund liability and a right to recover the returned goods is recognised for the goods expected to be returned.

The Company operates loyalty programs where direct/ indirect customers accumulate points for purchases made which entitles them to free or discounted goods, other than Company’s goods. The promise to provide additional points to customers is therefore a separate performance obligation. The transaction price is allocated to the goods and the points on a relative standalone selling price basis. A contract liability for the award points is recognised at the time of sale. Revenue is recognised as sales when obligation is fulfilled based on the points redeemed.

The Company evaluates sales and distribution arrangement with supplier whether it is acting as a principal or an agent of the supplier, considering whether it controls the specified goods before it is transferred to customer and based on factors such as primary responsibility for providing goods to customer, inventory risk and pricing latitude. Where the supplier retains control over the specified goods and the Company performs the function of selling and distribution for a margin within a range by acting as an agent, it recognises only the margin (i.e. sales less material cost) as its revenue from such transactions.

(ii) Recoveries from Group Companies and Third Parties include recoveries towards common facilities/ resources, information technology and other support provided to such parties which is recognised as per terms of agreement and in the accounting period in which the services are rendered.

(iii) Royalty income is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance and as per terms of agreement.

(e) Other Income

Dividends are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss only when the right to receive payment is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company, and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

I nterest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts over the expected life of the financial asset to the asset’s gross carrying amount on initial recognition. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument.

I ncome from export incentives is recognised on accrual basis to the extent the ultimate realisation is reasonably certain.

(f) Income Tax

Income taxes comprise the taxes levied on taxable income along with changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities that are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The income taxes recognized are reflected at the amounts likely to be payable under the statutory regulations in force, or substantively enacted in relation to future periods, at the end of the reporting period. Complex tax regulations may give rise to uncertainties with respect to their interpretation and the amounts and timing of future taxable income. Given the longterm nature and complexity of tax regulations, differences arising between the actual results and the assumptions made, or future changes to such assumptions, could necessitate adjustments to tax income and expense in future periods. Liabilities to tax authorities that are uncertain as to their amount and the probability of their occurrence are recognized as tax liabilities based on reasonable estimates. The amounts recognized are based on various factors, such as experience with previous tax assessments, legal interpretations by the Company and in certain cases based on legal opinion.

I n compliance with Ind AS 12 - Income Taxes, deferred taxes are recognised for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet prepared according to Ind AS and their tax bases.

Deferred tax assets relating to deductible temporary differences, tax credits or tax loss carry forwards are recognized where it is probable that taxable income or sufficiently taxable temporary differences will be available in the future to enable them to be used. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized on temporary differences taxable in the future.

The probability that deferred tax assets resulting from temporary differences or tax loss carryforwards can be used in the future, is the subject of forecasts by the Company regarding its future earnings situation and other parameters.

Deferred taxes are calculated at the rates which, on the basis of the statutory regulations in force, or substantively enacted in relation to future periods, as of the closing date, are expected to apply at the time of realisation. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Company has a legal right to settle on a net basis. Material effects of changes in tax rates or tax law on deferred tax assets and liabilities are generally accounted for in the period in which the changes are enacted. Such effects are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss except where they relate to deferred taxes that were recognised outside the Statement of Profit and Loss, in which case they, too, are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity.

Deferred and current taxes are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless they relate to items recognised outside the Statement of Profit and Loss in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity, in which case they, too, are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity respectively.

(g) Leases

Lease contracts in which the Company is the lessee mainly pertain to offices, residential premises, warehouses, vehicles and plant and machinery. Lease contracts are negotiated individually and each contain different arrangements on extension, termination or purchase options except in case of vehicle leases. Offices, residential premises, vehicles and warehouses leases generally contain clauses that prohibit subleasing except with the consent of the lessor.

As a lessee:

As per Ind AS 116, the Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease at inception of the contract. The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liabilities with respect to all lease arrangements in which it is the lessee except for short-term leases (lease term of 12 months or less) and leases of low value assets. Contracts may contain both lease and non-lease components. The Company has elected practical expedient of not to separate lease and non-lease components and instead account for these as a single lease component in respect lease contracts for certain Buildings and Plant and Machinery.

Lease liabilities are initially measured at present value of future lease payments discounted at the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease, together with both periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise that option. The lease liabilities are subsequently measured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liabilities (using the effective interest method) and by reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made.

The right-of-use asset is measured at cost, which is the sum of initial measurement of the lease liability, any initial direct costs incurred by the Company and any lease payments made in advance of the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is amortised on a straight line basis from the commencement date over the

shorter of lease term or useful life of right-of use asset except certain Plant and Machinery which is amortised using production unit method. Right-of-use assets are tested for impairment whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

The lease payments associated with shortterm leases and leases of low value assets are recognized as a Rent expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

When the lease liability is remeasured due to change in contract terms, a corresponding change is made to the carrying amount of right-of-use asset, or is recorded in the profit and loss account if the carrying amount of right-of-use asset is reduced to zero.

As a lessor:

In respect of assets given on operating lease, the lease rental income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(h) Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents comprise balances with banks including demand deposits and other short term highly liquid investments that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value, are easily convertible into a known amount of cash and have a maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition or investment.

(i) Inventories

Inventories encompass goods consumed in production (raw materials, packing materials and stores and spare parts), goods in the production process for sale (work-in-progress) and goods held for sale in the ordinary course of business (finished goods and stock-in-trade). Inventories are recognised at the lower of their cost of acquisition calculated by the weighted average method and at their net realisable value. The net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated cost of completion and selling expenses necessary to make the sale.

(j) Investment and Financial Assets

Financial assets are recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments. Accordingly, the Company recognises financial asset only when it has a contractual right to receive cash or other financial assets from another entity.

All Financial assets, except for trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value, in the case of a financial asset not recorded at Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVPL), plus transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the Financial asset. Trade receivables that do not contain any significant financing component are measured at transaction price.

Subsequent to initial recognition, financial assets are measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) or FVPL. The classification depends on the Company’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

Debt instruments

There are three measurement categories into which the Company classifies its debt instruments:

At amortised cost

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. Financial assets are accounted for at amortised cost using the effective interest method. This category comprises trade receivable, loans, cash and cash equivalents, bank balances and other financial assets. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at amortised cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income using the effective interest rate method.

Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI)

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets’ cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at FVOCI. The movements in carrying amount are taken through

Other Comprehensive Income, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in Other Comprehensive Income is reclassified from equity to the Statement of Profit and Loss and recognised in other gains/ losses. Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income using the effective interest rate method.

Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVPL)

Assets shall be measured at FVPL unless it is measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at FVPL and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and presented within other gains/ losses in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income.

Equity instruments

Investment in Equity Instruments are classified as FVPL, unless the Company irrevocably elects on initial recognition to present subsequent changes in fair value in Other Comprehensive Income for investment in equity instruments which are not held for trading.

Impairment losses (and reversal of impairment losses) on equity investments measured at FVOCI are not reported separately from other changes in fair value.

The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost. The Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for recognising impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortised cost. The Company follows ‘simplified approach’ permitted by Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments for recognition of impairment loss on trade receivables and lease receivables based on expected lifetime losses at each reporting date right from its initial recognition. If the reasons for previously recognised impairment losses no longer apply, the impairment losses are reversed provided that this does not cause the

Equity Instruments (Contd.)

carrying amounts to exceed the amortised cost of acquisition.

Financial assets are derecognised when contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets expire or the financial assets are transferred together with all material risks and benefits.

(k) Derivatives

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks which are not designated as hedges. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(l) Property, Plant and Equipment

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. Property, plant and equipment is carried at the cost of acquisition or construction and depreciated over its estimated useful life. An impairment loss is recognised in addition if an asset’s recoverable amount falls below its carrying amount.

If the construction phase of property, plant and equipment extends over a substantial period of time, the interest incurred on borrowed capital up to the date of completion is capitalised as part of the cost of acquisition or construction in accordance with Ind AS 23 - Borrowing Cost.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it meets the asset recognition criteria as per Ind AS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment.

Significant asset components with different useful lives are accounted for and depreciated separately.

If there are indications that an individual item of property, plant and equipment may be impaired, the recoverable amount is compared to the carrying amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. If the recoverable amount is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognised for the difference. If the reasons for a previously recognised impairment loss no longer apply, the impairment loss is reversed provided that the reversal does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

The Company, based on internal Management assessment, depreciates property, plant and equipment under straight-line method over following estimated useful lives which are similar to the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 except in case of dryers included in plant and equipments. The asset’s residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

Assets Class

Useful lives in years

Buildings (including Roads)

10 to 60

Plant and Equipment#

7 to 15

Furniture and Fixtures

10

Vehicles

8

Office Equipment (including Electrical Installation)

5 to 10

Computers

3 to 6

# Based on the technical evaluation, the useful life of the dryers is considered as 20 years as that best represents the period over which the asset is expected to be used.

Depreciation on assets costing '' 5,000/- or less is provided at the rate of 100% in the year of acquisition.

The Company has elected to measure all its property, plant and equipment, at their previous GAAP carrying value which has been considered as deemed cost at the date of transition i.e. April 1,2015.

(m) Investment Properties

Investment properties comprise land and buildings not being used for operational or administrative purposes. It is measured using the cost model.

The Company, based on technical assessment made by management expert, depreciates Investment properties under straight-line method over estimated useful lives which are similar to the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

Investment properties are derecognised either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of derecognition.

The Company has elected to measure all its investment properties at their previous GAAP carrying value which has been considered as deemed cost at the date of transition i.e. April 1,2015.

(n) Intangible Assets

An intangible asset is an identifiable nonmonetary asset without physical substance such as technical knowhow, software or marketing rights. It is capitalised if the future economic benefits attributable to the asset will probably flow to the Company and the cost of acquisition or generation of the asset can be reliably measured. It is amortised from the point at which the asset is available for use.

Intangible assets are recognised at the cost of acquisition or generation less accumulated

amortisation and impairment loss, if any. Those with determinable useful life are amortised on a straight line basis over a period of up to three years for software and ten years for marketing rights. Determination of the expected useful lives of such assets and the amortisation patterns is based on estimates of the period for which they will generate cash flows. An impairment test is performed if there is an indication of possible impairment.

Impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If the reasons for a previously recognised impairment loss no longer apply, the impairment loss is reversed provided that the reversal does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of amortisation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

The Company has elected to measure all its intangible assets at their previous GAAP carrying value which has been considered as deemed cost at the date of transition i.e. April 1,2015.

(o) Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities are initially recognised at fair value if the Company has a contractual obligation to transfer cash or other financial assets to another party. Borrowings and payables are recognised net of directly attributable transaction costs. In subsequent periods, such liabilities are measured at amortised cost using effective interest method.

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the contractual obligation is discharged or cancelled, or has expired.

(p) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognised for present legal or constructive obligations arising from past events that will probably give rise to a future outflow of

resources, provided that a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

Provisions are measured in accordance with Ind AS 37 - Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Commitments. Where the cash outflow to settle an obligation is expected to occur after one year, the provision is recognised at the present value of the expected cash outflow. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is considered as Finance Cost. Claims for reimbursements from third parties are separately reflected in other receivables considering they are realisable.

If the projected obligation declines as a result of a change in the estimate, the provision is reversed by the corresponding amount and the resulting income recognised in the expenses in which the original charge was recognised.

Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events but their existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or where any present obligation cannot be measured in terms of future outflow of resources or where a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made.

Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements.

(q) Provision for Employment Benefits

The Company provides post-employment benefits under defined contribution, defined benefit plans, other employee benefits and termination benefits.

The Company has Defined Contribution plans namely Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund, Employees’ State Insurance Fund and National Pension Scheme which are administered through Government authorities/ trustees/ government approved institutes. The Company contributes to a Government administered Provident Fund, Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme and Family Pension Fund on behalf of its employees and has no further obligation beyond making its contribution. Under Superannuation Fund, applicable to certain employees, the Company

makes contributions to Managerial employees’ Superannuation Scheme which is administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India (‘LIC’) and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to LIC. The Company makes contributions to State plans namely Employees’ State Insurance Fund and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to them. Under National Pension Scheme, applicable to certain employees, the Company makes contributions to National Pension Scheme which is administered by HDFC Pension Management Company Limited (‘HDFC Pension Fund’) and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to HDFC Pension Fund. The Company’s contributions to the above funds are recognised as Employee Benefits Expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which they are due.

The Company has a Defined Benefit plan namely Gratuity covering its employees. The Gratuity scheme is funded through Group Gratuity-cum-Life Assurance Scheme which is administered by LIC, Aditya Birla Sun Life Insurance Company Limited and Kotak Life Insurance Limited respectively. The present value of provisions for defined benefit plans and the resulting expense are calculated in accordance with Ind AS 19 -Employee Benefits by the Projected Unit Credit Method. The future benefit obligations are valued by an independent actuary at the year-end and spread over the entire employment period on the basis of specific assumptions regarding beneficiary structure and the economic environment. This includes the determination of the discount rate, salary escalation, mortality rate etc. which affects the valuation. In determining the appropriate discount rate at each balance sheet date, the Management considers the interest rates which relates to the benchmark rate available for Government Securities and that have terms to maturity approximating the terms of the related defined benefit obligation.

The fair value of plan assets is deducted from the present value of the defined benefit obligation to determine the net defined benefit obligation.

The effect of re-measurement of the net defined benefit obligation is reflected in the Statement of Comprehensive Income as Other Comprehensive

Income. This consists of actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets, less the respective amounts included in net interest. Deferred taxes relating to the effects of re-measurements are also recognised in Other Comprehensive Income.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as past service cost under ‘Employee Benefits Expense’.

For Other long term employee benefits, the effect of re-measurements arising due to experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as ‘Employee Benefits Expense’ in the year in which they arise.

The net interest on net obligation for defined benefits and other employee benefits is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as ‘Finance Cost’ in the year in which it arises.

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Company recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates: (a) when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and (b) when the entity recognises costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of Ind AS 37 and involves the payment of terminations benefits. In the case of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer.


Mar 31, 2022

Company Profile

Bayer CropScience Limited ("the Company") is a Company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 and having its registered office at Bayer House, Central Avenue, Hiranandani Estate, Thane (West) -400 607, India. The Company is engaged in ‘Agri Care’ business which primarily includes manufacture, sale and distribution of insecticides, fungicides, herbicide and various other agrochemical products and corn seeds. The Company is also involved in sale and distribution of hybrid seeds. Out of the total paid-up share capital of the Company, 71.43% is held by its promoters. The ultimate parent company is Bayer AG, Germany. The Company is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange, Mumbai. The Company has its own manufacturing site for agrochemical production at Himatnagar and Silvassa, drying and processing station at Hyderabad and breeding stations at Bengaluru and Udaipur.

1 Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Basis of Preparation Compliance with Ind AS

The financial statements of the Company are based on the principle of historical cost except for certain financial assets and liabilities and defined benefit plan that are measured at fair value, and are drawn up to comply in all material aspects with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as amended from time to time.

The accounting policies are applied consistently to all the years presented in the financial statements.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company’s operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current or non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest million as per the requirement of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated. Amount below the

rounding off norm adopted by the Company is disclosed as *.

(b) Use of Estimates and Judgements

In preparing the financial statements, the Management has to make certain assumptions and estimates that may substantially impact the presentation of the Company’s financial position and/ or results of operations.

Such assumptions and estimates mainly relate to the useful life of Property, Plant and Equipment, Investment Properties and Intangible Assets and the recognition of provisions, including those for litigation, employee benefits, refund liabilities and assessment of impact of health pandemic of COVID-19.

The estimates and judgements used in the preparation of the financial statements are continuously evaluated by the Company and are based on historical experience and various other assumptions and factors (including expectations of future events) that the Company believes to be reasonable under the existing circumstances. Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results may differ from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the periods in which they become known.

(c) Foreign Currency Transactions

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee, which is Company’s functional and presentation currency. A company’s functional currency is that of the primary economic environment in which the company operates. Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign exchange gains/ losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(d) Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognised in accordance with Ind AS 115 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

(i) Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised on the basis of customer contracts and

performance obligations contained therein. Revenue is recognised at a point in time when the control of goods is transferred to customer, this is generally when the goods are delivered to the customer''s location. Control lies with the customer if the customer can independently determine the use of and consume the benefit derived from goods or services. Revenue from delivery of goods is recognised at a point in time based on an overall assessment of the existence of a right to payment, the transfer of physical possession, the transfer of risks and rewards and acceptance by the customer.

Revenue is reduced by goods and service tax and for actual and expected sales deductions resulting from sales returns, rebates and discounts. Sales deductions are estimated on the basis of historical experience, specific contractual terms and future expectations of sales development. Sales are reduced on the date of sale or on the date when the amount can be reasonably estimated. A refund liability and a right to recover the returned goods is recognised for the goods expected to be returned.

The Company operates loyalty programs where direct/ indirect customers accumulate points for purchases made which entitles them to free or discounted goods, other than Company’s goods. The promise to provide additional points to customers is therefore a separate performance obligation. The transaction price is allocated to the goods and the points on a relative standalone selling price basis. A contract liability for the award points is recognised at the time of sale. Revenue is recognised as sales when obligation is fulfilled based on the points redeemed.

The Company evaluates sales and distribution arrangement with supplier whether it is acting as a principal or an agent of the supplier, considering whether it controls the specified goods before it is transferred to customer and based on factors such as primary responsibility for providing goods to customer, inventory risk and pricing latitude. Where the supplier

retains control over the specified goods and the Company performs the function of selling and distribution for a margin within a range by acting as an agent, it recognises only the margin (i.e. sales less material cost) as its revenue from such transactions.

(ii) Recoveries from Group Companies and Third Parties include recoveries towards common facilities/ resources, information technology and other support provided to such parties which is recognised as per terms of agreement and in the accounting period in which the services are rendered.

(iii) Royalty income is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance and as per terms of agreement.

(e) Other Income

Dividends are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss only when the right to receive payment is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company, and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts over the expected life of the financial asset to the asset’s gross carrying amount on initial recognition. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument.

Income from export incentives is recognised on accrual basis to the extent the ultimate realisation is reasonably certain.

(f) Income Tax

Income taxes comprise the taxes levied on taxable income along with changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities that are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The income taxes recognized are reflected at the amounts likely to be payable under the statutory regulations in force, or substantively enacted in relation to future periods, at the end of the reporting period. Complex tax regulations may give rise to uncertainties with respect to their interpretation and the amounts

and timing of future taxable income. Given the long-term nature and complexity of tax regulations, differences arising between the actual results and the assumptions made, or future changes to such assumptions, could necessitate adjustments to tax income and expense in future periods. Liabilities to tax authorities that are uncertain as to their amount and the probability of their occurrence are recognized as tax liabilities based on reasonable estimates. The amounts recognized are based on various factors, such as experience with previous tax assessments, legal interpretations by the Company and in certain cases based on legal opinion.

In compliance with Ind AS 12 - Income Taxes, deferred taxes are recognised for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet prepared according to Ind AS and their tax bases.

Deferred tax assets relating to deductible temporary differences, tax credits or tax loss carry forwards are recognized where it is probable that taxable income or sufficiently taxable temporary differences will be available in the future to enable them to be used. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized on temporary differences taxable in the future.

The probability that deferred tax assets resulting from temporary differences or tax loss carryforwards can be used in the future, is the subject of forecasts by the Company regarding its future earnings situation and other parameters.

Deferred taxes are calculated at the rates which, on the basis of the statutory regulations in force, or substantively enacted in relation to future periods, as of the closing date, are expected to apply at the time of realisation. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Company has a legal right to settle on a net basis. Material effects of changes in tax rates or tax law on deferred tax assets and liabilities are generally accounted for in the period in which the changes are enacted. Such effects are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss except where they relate to deferred taxes that were recognised outside the Statement of Profit and Loss, in which case they, too, are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity.

Deferred and current taxes are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless they relate to items recognised outside the Statement of Profit and Loss in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity, in which case they, too, are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity respectively.

(g) Leases

Lease contracts in which the Company is the lessee mainly pertain to offices, residential premises, warehouses, vehicles and plant and machinery. Lease contracts are negotiated individually and each contain different arrangements on extension, termination or purchase options except in case of vehicle leases. Offices, residential premises and warehouses leases generally contain clauses that prohibit subleasing except with the consent of the lessor.

As a lessee:

As per Ind AS 116, the Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease at inception of the contract. The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liabilities with respect to all lease arrangements in which it is the lessee except for short-term leases and leases of low value assets. Contracts may contain both lease and non-lease components. The Company has elected practical expedient of not to separate lease and non-lease components and instead account for these as a single lease component in respect of lease contracts for certain Buildings and Plant and Machinery.

Lease liabilities are initially measured at present value of future lease payments discounted at the Company''s incremental borrowing rate. The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease, together with both periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise that option. The lease liabilities are subsequently measured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liabilities (using the effective interest method) and by reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made.

(g) Leases (Contd.)

The right-of-use asset is measured at cost, which is the sum of initial measurement of the lease liability, any initial direct costs incurred by the Company and any lease payments made in advance of the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is amortised on a straight line basis from the commencement date over the shorter of lease term or useful life of right-of-use asset except certain Plant and Machinery which is amortised using production unit method. Right-of-use assets are tested for impairment whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The lease payments associated with short-term leases and leases of low value assets are recognized as a Rent expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

When the lease liability is remeasured due to change in contract terms, a corresponding change is made to the carrying amount of right-of-use asset, or is recorded in the profit and loss account if the carrying amount of right-of-use asset is reduced to zero.

As a lessor:

In respect of assets given on operating lease, the lease rental income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(h) Cash And Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents comprise balances with banks including demand deposits and other short term highly liquid investments that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value, are easily convertible into a known amount of cash and have a maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition or investment.

(i) Inventories

Inventories encompass goods consumed in production (raw materials, packing materials and stores and spare parts), goods in the production process for sale (work-in-progress) and goods held for sale in the ordinary course of business (finished goods and stock-in-trade). Inventories are

recognised at the lower of their cost of acquisition calculated by the weighted average method and at their net realisable value. The net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated cost of completion and selling expenses necessary to make the sale.

(j) Investment And Financial Assets

Financial assets are recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments. Accordingly, the Company recognises financial asset only when it has a contractual right to receive cash or other financial assets from another entity.

All Financial assets are recognised initially at fair value, in the case of a financial asset not recorded at Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVPL), plus transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the Financial asset.

Subsequent to initial recognition, financial assets are measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) or FVPL. The classification depends on the Company’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

Debt instruments

There are three measurement categories into which the Company classifies its debt instruments:

At amortised cost

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. Financial assets are accounted for at amortised cost using the effective interest method. This category comprises trade accounts receivable, loans, cash and cash equivalents, bank balances and other financial assets. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at amortised cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income using the effective interest rate method.

Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI)

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets,

Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI) (Contd.)

where the assets’ cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at FVOCI. The movements in carrying amount are taken through Other Comprehensive Income, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in Other Comprehensive Income is reclassified from equity to the Statement of Profit and Loss and recognised in other gains/ (losses). Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income using the effective interest rate method.

Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVPL)

Assets shall be measured at FVPL unless it is measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at FVPL and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and presented within other gains/ (losses) in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income.

Equity instruments

Investment in Equity Instruments are classified as FVPL, unless the Company irrevocably elects on initial recognition to present subsequent changes in fair value in Other Comprehensive Income for investment in equity instruments which are not held for trading.

Impairment losses (and reversal of impairment losses) on equity investments measured at FVOCI are not reported separately from other changes in fair value.

The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost. The Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for recognising impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortised cost. The Company follows ‘simplified approach’ permitted by Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments for recognition of impairment loss on trade receivables and lease receivables based on expected lifetime losses at

each reporting date right from its initial recognition. If the reasons for previously recognised impairment losses no longer apply, the impairment losses are reversed provided that this does not cause the carrying amounts to exceed the amortised cost of acquisition.

Financial assets are derecognised when contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets expire or the financial assets are transferred together with all material risks and benefits.

(k) Derivatives

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks which are not designated as hedges. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(l) Property, Plant And Equipment

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. Property, plant and equipment is carried at the cost of acquisition or construction and depreciated over its estimated useful life. An impairment loss is recognised in addition if an asset’s recoverable amount falls below its carrying amount.

If the construction phase of property, plant and equipment extends over a substantial period of time, the interest incurred on borrowed capital up to the date of completion is capitalised as part of the cost of acquisition or construction in accordance with Ind AS 23 - Borrowing Cost.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it meets the asset recognition criteria as per Ind AS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment.

Significant asset components with different useful lives are accounted for and depreciated separately.

(l) Property, Plant And Equipment (contd.)

If there are indications that an individual item of property, plant and equipment may be impaired, the recoverable amount is compared to the carrying amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. If the recoverable amount is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognised for the difference. If the reasons for a previously recognised impairment loss no longer apply, the impairment loss is reversed provided that the reversal does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

The Company, based on internal Management assessment, depreciates property, plant and equipment under straight-line method over following estimated useful lives which are similar to the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 except in case of dryers included in plant and equipments. The asset’s residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

Assets Class

Useful lives

Buildings (including Roads)

10 to 60

Plant and Equipment#

7 to 15

Furniture and Fixtures

10

Vehicles

8

Office Equipment (including Electrical Installation)

5 to 10

Computers

3 to 6

# Based on the technical evaluation, the useful life of the dryers is considered as 20 years as that best represents the period over which the asset is expected to be used.

Depreciation on assets costing '' 5,000/- or less is provided at the rate of 100% in the year of acquisition.

The Company has elected to measure all its property, plant and equipment, at their previous GAAP carrying value which has been considered as deemed cost at the date of transition i.e. April 1,2015.

(m) Investment Properties

Investment properties comprise land and buildings not being used for operational or administrative purposes. It is measured using the cost model.

The Company, based on technical assessment made by management expert, depreciates Investment properties under straight-line method over estimated useful lives which are similar to the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

Investment properties are derecognised either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of derecognition.

The Company has elected to measure all its investment properties at their previous GAAP carrying value which has been considered as deemed cost at the date of transition i.e. April 1, 2015.

(n) Intangible Assets

An intangible asset is an identifiable non-monetary asset without physical substance such as technical knowhow, software or marketing rights. It is capitalised if the future economic benefits attributable to the asset will probably flow to the Company and the cost of acquisition or generation of the asset can be reliably measured. It is amortised from the point at which the asset is available for use.

Intangible assets are recognised at the cost of acquisition or generation less accumulated amortisation and impairment loss, if any. Those with determinable useful life are amortised on a straight line basis over a period of up to three years for software and ten years for marketing rights. Determination of the expected useful lives of such assets and the amortisation patterns is

(n) Intangible Assets (Contd.)

based on estimates of the period for which they will generate cash flows. An impairment test is performed if there is an indication of possible impairment.

Any impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If the reasons for a previously recognised impairment loss no longer apply, the impairment loss is reversed provided that the reversal does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of amortisation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

The Company has elected to measure all its intangible assets at their previous GAAP carrying value which has been considered as deemed cost at the date of transition i.e. April 1,2015.

(o) Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities are initially recognised at fair value if the Company has a contractual obligation to transfer cash or other financial assets to another party. Borrowings and payables are recognised net of directly attributable transaction costs. In subsequent periods, such liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the contractual obligation is discharged or cancelled, or has expired.

(p) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognised for present legal or constructive obligations arising from past events that will probably give rise to a future outflow of resources, provided that a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

Provisions are measured in accordance with Ind AS 37 - Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Commitments. Where the cash outflow to settle an obligation is expected to occur after one year,

the provision is recognised at the present value of the expected cash outflow. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is considered as Finance Cost. Claims for reimbursements from third parties are separately reflected in other receivables considering they are realisable.

If the projected obligation declines as a result of a change in the estimate, the provision is reversed by the corresponding amount and the resulting income recognised in the expenses in which the original charge was recognised.

Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events but their existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or where any present obligation cannot be measured in terms of future outflow of resources or where a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made.

Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements.

(q) Provision for Employment Benefits

The Company provides post-employment benefits under defined contribution, defined benefit plans, other employee benefits and termination benefits.

The Company has Defined Contribution plans namely Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund which are administered through Government authorities/ trustees. The Company contributes to a Government administered Provident Fund, Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme and Family Pension Fund on behalf of its employees and has no further obligation beyond making its contribution. Under Superannuation Fund, applicable to certain employees, the Company makes contributions to Managerial employees’ Superannuation Scheme which is administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India (‘LIC’) and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to LIC. The Company makes contributions to State plans namely Employees’ State Insurance Fund and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to them. The Company''s contributions to the above funds are recognised as Employee Benefits Expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which they are due.

The Company has a Defined Benefit plan namely Gratuity covering its employees. The Gratuity scheme is funded through Group Gratuity-cum-Life Assurance Scheme which is administered by LIC, Aditya Birla Sun Life Insurance Company Limited and Kotak Life Insurance Limited respectively. The present value of provisions for defined benefit plans and the resulting expense are calculated in accordance with Ind AS 19 - Employee Benefits by the Projected Unit Credit Method. The future benefit obligations are valued by an independent actuary at the year-end and spread over the entire employment period on the basis of specific assumptions regarding beneficiary structure and the economic environment. This includes the determination of the discount rate, salary escalation, mortality rate etc. which affects the valuation. In determining the appropriate discount rate at each balance sheet date, the Management considers the interest rates which relates to the benchmark rate available for Government Securities and that have terms to maturity approximating the terms of the related defined benefit obligation.

The fair value of plan assets is deducted from the present value of the defined benefit obligation to determine the net defined benefit obligation.

The effect of re-measurement of the net defined benefit obligation is reflected in the Statement of Comprehensive Income as Other Comprehensive Income. This consists of actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets, less the respective

amounts included in net interest. Deferred taxes relating to the effects of re-measurements are also recognised in Other Comprehensive Income.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as past service cost under ‘Employee Benefits Expense’.

For Other employee benefits, the effect of re-measurements arising due to experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as ‘Employee Benefits Expense’ in the year in which they arise.

The net interest on net obligation for defined benefits and other employee benefits is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as ‘Finance Cost’ in the year in which it arises.

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Company recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates: (a) when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and (b) when the entity recognises costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of Ind AS 37 and involves the payment of terminations benefits. In the case of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer.


Mar 31, 2021

Company Profile

Bayer CropScience Limited ("the Company") is a Company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 and having its registered office at Bayer House, Central Avenue, Hiranandani Estate, Thane (West) -400 607, India. The Company is engaged in ‘Agri Care’ business which primarily includes manufacture, sale and distribution of insecticides, fungicides, herbicide and various other agrochemical products and corn seeds. The Company is also involved in sale and distribution of hybrid seeds. Out of the total paid-up share capital of the Company, 71.43% is held by its promoters. The ultimate parent company is Bayer AG, Germany. The Company is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange, Mumbai. The Company has its own manufacturing site for agrochemical production at Himatnagar and Silvassa, drying and processing stations at Hyderabad and breeding stations at Bengaluru and Udaipur.

1 Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Basis of Preparation Compliance with Ind AS

The financial statements of the Company are based on the principle of historical cost except for certain financial assets and liabilities and defined benefit plan that are measured at fair value, and are drawn up to comply in all material aspects with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as amended from time to time.

The accounting policies are applied consistently to all the years presented in the financial statements.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company''s operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current or non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest million as per the requirement of Schedule III,

unless otherwise stated. Amount below the rounding off norm adopted by the Company is disclosed as *.

(b) Use of Estimates and Judgments

In preparing the financial statements, the Management has to make certain assumptions and estimates that may substantially impact the presentation of the Company’s financial position and/ or results of operations.

Such assumptions and estimates mainly relate to the useful life of Property, Plant and Equipment, Investment Properties and Intangible Assets and the recognition of provisions, including those for litigation, employee benefits, refund liabilities and assessment of impact of health pandemic of COVID-19.

The estimates and judgments used in the preparation of the financial statements are continuously evaluated by the Company and are based on historical experience and various other assumptions and factors (including expectations of future events) that the Company believes to be reasonable under the existing circumstances. Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results may differ from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the periods in which they become known.

(c) Foreign Currency Transactions

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee, which is the Company''s functional and presentation currency. A company''s functional currency is that of the primary economic environment in which the company operates.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign exchange gains/ losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(d) Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognised in accordance with Ind AS 115 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

(d) Revenue Recognition (contd.)

(i) Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised on the basis of customer contracts and performance obligations contained therein. Revenue is recognised at a point in time when the control of goods is transferred to customer, this is generally when the goods are delivered to the customer''s location. Control lies with the customer if the customer can independently determine the use of and consume the benefit derived from goods or services. Revenue from delivery of goods is recognised at a point in time based on an overall assessment of the existence of a right to payment, the transfer of physical possession, the transfer of risks and rewards, and acceptance by the customer.

Revenue is reduced by goods and service tax and for actual and expected sales deductions resulting from sales returns, rebates, discounts. Sales deductions are estimated on the basis of historical experience, specific contractual terms and future expectations of sales development. Sales are reduced on the date of sale or on the date when the amount can be reasonably estimated. A refund liability and a right to recover the returned goods is recognised for the goods expected to be returned.

The Company operates loyalty programs where direct/ indirect customers accumulate points for purchases made which entitles them to free or discounted goods, other than Company''s goods. The promise to provide additional points to customers is therefore a separate performance obligation. The transaction price is allocated to the goods and the points on a relative standalone selling price basis. A contract liability for the award points is recognised at the time of sale. Revenue is recognised as sales when obligation is fulfilled based on the points redeemed.

The Company evaluates sales and distribution arrangement with supplier whether it is acting as a principal or an agent of the supplier, considering whether it controls the specified goods before it is transferred to customer and based on factors such as primary responsibility for providing goods to customer, inventory risk and pricing latitude. Where the supplier retains control over the specified goods and the Company performs the

function of selling and distribution for a margin within a range by acting as an agent, it recognises only the margin (i.e. sales less material cost) as its revenue from such transactions.

(ii) Recoveries from Group Companies and Third Parties include recoveries towards common facilities/ resources, information technology and other support provided to such parties which is recognised as per terms of agreement and in the accounting period in which the services are rendered.

(iii) Royalty income is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance and as per terms of agreement.

(e) Other Income

Dividends are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss only when the right to receive payment is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company, and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts over the expected life of the financial asset to the asset''s gross carrying amount on initial recognition. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument.

Income from export incentives is recognised on accrual basis to the extent the ultimate realisation is reasonably certain.

(f) Income Tax

Income taxes comprise the taxes levied on taxable income along with changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities that are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The income taxes recognised are reflected at the amounts likely to be payable under the statutory regulations in force, or already enacted in relation to future periods, at the end of the reporting period. Complex tax regulations may give rise to uncertainties with respect to their interpretation and the amounts and timing of future

(f) Income Tax (contd.)

taxable income. Given the long-term nature and complexity of tax regulations, differences arising between the actual results and the assumptions made, or future changes to such assumptions, could necessitate adjustments to tax income and expense in future periods. Liabilities to tax authorities that are uncertain as to their amount and the probability of their occurrence are recognised as tax liabilities based on reasonable estimates. The amounts recognised are based on various factors, such as experience with previous tax assessments, legal interpretations by the Company and in certain cases based on legal opinion.

In compliance with Ind AS 12 - Income Taxes, deferred taxes are recognised for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet prepared according to Ind AS and their tax bases.

Deferred tax assets relating to deductible temporary differences, tax credits, loss carry forwards and interest carry forwards are recognised where it is probable that taxable income or sufficiently taxable temporary differences will be available in the future to enable them to be used. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised on temporary differences taxable in the future.

The probability that deferred tax assets resulting from temporary differences or loss carryforwards can be used in the future, is the subject of forecasts by the Company regarding its future earnings situation and other parameters.

Deferred taxes are calculated at the rates which, on the basis of the statutory regulations in force, or substantively enacted in relation to future periods, as of the closing date, are expected to apply at the time of realisation. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Company has a legal right to settle on a net basis. Material effects of changes in tax rates or tax law on deferred tax assets and liabilities are generally accounted for in the period in which the changes are enacted. Such effects are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss except where they relate to deferred taxes that were recognised

outside the Statement of Profit and Loss, in which case they, too, are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity.

Deferred and current taxes are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless they relate to items recognised outside the Statement of Profit and Loss in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity, in which case they, too, are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity respectively.

(g) Leases

Lease contracts in which the Company is the lessee mainly pertain to offices, residential premises, warehouses, vehicles, and plant and machinery. Lease contracts are negotiated individually and each contain different arrangements on extension, termination or purchase options except in case of vehicle leases. Offices, residential premises and warehouses leases generally contain clauses that prohibit subleasing except with the consent of the lessor.

As a lessee:

As per Ind AS 116 - Leases the Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease at inception of the contract. The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liabilities with respect to all lease arrangements in which it is the lessee except for short-term leases and leases of low value assets. Contracts may contain both lease and non-lease components. The Company has elected practical expedient of not to separate lease and non-lease components and instead account for these as a single lease component in respective lease contracts for certain Buildings and Plant and Machinery.

Lease liabilities are initially measured at present value of future lease payments discounted at the Company''s incremental borrowing rate. The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease, together with both periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise that option. The lease liabilities are subsequently measured by

(g) Leases (contd.)

increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liabilities (using the effective interest method) and by reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made.

The right-of-use asset is measured at cost, which is the sum of initial measurement of the lease liability, any initial direct costs incurred by the Company and any lease payments made in advance of the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is depreciated on a straight line basis from the commencement date over the shorter of lease term or useful life of right-of use asset except certain Plant and Machinery which is depreciated using production unit method. Right-of-use assets are tested for impairment whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

The lease payments associated with short-term leases and leases of low value assets are recognised as Rent expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

When the lease liability is remeasured due to change in contract terms, a corresponding change is made to the carrying amount of right-of-use asset, or is recorded in the profit and loss account if the carrying amount of right-of-use asset is reduced to zero.

For additional information on application of Ind AS 116 in previous year Refer Note 45.

As a lessor:

In respect of assets given on operating lease, the lease rental income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(h) Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents comprise balances with banks including demand deposits and other short term highly liquid investments that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value, are easily convertible into a known amount of cash and have a maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition or investment.

(i) Inventories

Inventories encompass goods consumed in production (raw materials, packing materials and stores and spare parts), goods in the production process for sale (work-in-progress) and goods held for sale in the ordinary course of business (finished goods and stock-in-trade). Inventories are recognised at the lower of their cost of acquisition calculated by the weighted average method and at their net realisable value. The net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated cost of completion and selling expenses necessary to make the sale.

(j) Investment and Financial Assets

Financial assets are recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments. Accordingly, the Company recognises financial asset only when it has a contractual right to receive cash or other financial assets from another entity.

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss (FVPL), transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.

Subsequent to initial recognition, financial assets are measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) or FVPL. The classification depends on the Company’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

Debt instruments

There are three measurement categories into which the Company classifies its debt instruments:

At amortised cost

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. Financial assets are accounted for at amortised cost using the effective interest method. This category comprises trade accounts receivable, loans, cash and cash equivalents, bank balances and other financial assets. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at amortised cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in

(j) Investment and Financial Assets (contd.)

the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income using the effective interest rate method.

Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI)

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets’ cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at FVOCI. The movements in carrying amount are taken through Other Comprehensive Income, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in Other Comprehensive Income is reclassified from equity to the Statement of Profit and Loss and recognised in other gains/ (losses). Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income using the effective interest rate method.

Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVPL)

Assets shall be measured at FVPL unless it is measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at FVPL and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and presented within other gains/ (losses) in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income.

Equity instruments

Investment in Equity Instruments are classified as FVPL, unless the Company irrevocably elects on initial recognition to present subsequent changes in fair value in Other Comprehensive Income for investment in equity instruments which are not held for trading.

Impairment losses (and reversal of impairment losses) on equity investments measured at FVOCI are not reported separately from other changes in fair value.

The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost. The Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for recognising impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortised cost. The Company follows ‘simplified approach’ permitted by Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments for recognition of impairment loss on trade receivables and lease receivables based on expected lifetime losses at each reporting date right from its initial recognition. If the reasons for previously recognised impairment losses no longer apply, the impairment losses are reversed provided that this does not cause the carrying amounts to exceed the amortised cost of acquisition.

Financial assets are derecognised when contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets expire or the financial assets are transferred together with all material risks and benefits.

k) Derivatives

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks which are not designated as hedges. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

J) Property, Plant and Equipment

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. Property, plant and equipment is carried at the cost of acquisition or construction and depreciated over its estimated useful life. An impairment loss is recognised in addition if an asset''s recoverable amount falls below its carrying amount.

If the construction phase of property, plant and equipment extends over a substantial period of

(l) Property, Plant and Equipment (contd.)

time, the interest incurred on borrowed capital up to the date of completion is capitalised as part of the cost of acquisition or construction in accordance with Ind AS 23 - Borrowing Cost.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it meets the asset recognition criteria as per Ind AS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment.

Significant asset components with different useful lives are accounted for and depreciated separately.

If there are indications that an individual item of property, plant and equipment may be impaired, the recoverable amount is compared to the carrying amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. If the recoverable amount is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognised for the difference. If the reasons for a previously recognised impairment loss no longer apply, the impairment loss is reversed provided that the reversal does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

The Company, based on internal Management assessment, depreciates property, plant and equipment under straight-line method over following estimated useful lives which are similar to the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 except in case of dryers included in plant and equipments. The asset''s residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

Assets Class

Useful lives in years

Buildings (including Roads)

10 to 60

Plant and Equipment#

7 to 15

Furniture and Fixtures

10

Vehicles

8

Office Equipment (including Electrical Installation)

5 to 10

Computers

3 to 6

# Based on the technical evaluation, the useful life of the dryers is considered as 20 years as that best represents the period over which the asset is expected to be used.

Depreciation on assets costing '' 5,000/- or less is provided at the rate of 100% in the year of acquisition.

The Company has elected to measure all its property, plant and equipment, at their previous GAAP carrying value which has been considered as deemed cost at date of transition i.e. April 1, 2015.

(m) Investment Properties

Investment properties comprise land and buildings not being used for operational or administrative purposes. It is measured using the cost model.

The Company, based on technical assessment made by management expert, depreciates Investment properties under straight-line method over estimated useful lives which are similar to the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

Investment properties are derecognised either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of derecognition.

The Company has elected to measure all its investment properties at their previous GAAP carrying value which has been considered as deemed cost at date of transition i.e. April 1, 2015.

(n) Intangible Assets

An intangible asset is an identifiable non-monetary asset without physical substance such as technical knowhow, software or marketing rights. It is capitalised if the future economic benefits attributable to the asset will probably flow to the Company and the cost of acquisition or generation of the asset can be reliably measured. It is amortised from the point at which the asset is available for use.

Intangible assets are recognised at the cost of acquisition or generation less accumulated amortisation and impairment loss, if any. Those with determinable useful life are amortised on a straight line basis over a period of up to three years for software and ten years for marketing rights. Determination of the expected useful lives of such assets and the amortisation patterns is based on estimates of the period for which they will generate cash flows. An impairment test is performed if there is an indication of possible impairment.

Any impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If the reasons for a previously recognised impairment loss no longer apply, the impairment loss is reversed provided that the reversal does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of amortisation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

The Company has elected to measure all its intangible assets at their previous GAAP carrying value which has been considered as deemed cost at the date of transition i.e. April 1, 2015.

(o) Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities are initially recognised at fair value if the Company has a contractual obligation to transfer cash or other financial assets to

another party. Borrowings and payables are recognised net of directly attributable transaction costs. In subsequent periods, such liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the contractual obligation is discharged or cancelled, or has expired.

(p) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognised for present legal or constructive obligations arising from past events that will probably give rise to a future outflow of resources, provided that a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

Provisions are measured in accordance with Ind AS 37 - Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Commitments. Where the cash outflow to settle an obligation is expected to occur after one year, the provision is recognised at the present value of the expected cash outflow. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is considered as Finance Cost. Claims for reimbursements from third parties are separately reflected in other receivables considering they are realisable.

If the projected obligation declines as a result of a change in the estimate, the provision is reversed by the corresponding amount and the resulting income recognised in the expenses in which the original charge was recognised.

Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events but their existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or where any present obligation cannot be measured in terms of future outflow of resources or where a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made.

Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements.

(q) Provision for Employment Benefits

The Company provides post-employment benefits under defined contribution, defined benefit plans, other employee benefits and termination benefits.

The Company has Defined Contribution plans namely Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund which are administered through Government authorities/ trustees. The Company contributes to a Government administered Provident Fund, Employees'' Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme and Family Pension Fund on behalf of its employees and has no further obligation beyond making its contribution. Under Superannuation Fund, applicable to certain employees, the Company makes contributions to Managerial employees'' Superannuation Scheme which is administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India (''LIC'') and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to LIC. The Company makes contributions to State plans namely Employees'' State Insurance Fund and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to them. The Company''s contributions to the above funds are recognised as Employee Benefits Expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which they are due.

The Company has a Defined Benefit plan namely Gratuity covering its employees. The Gratuity scheme is funded through Group Gratuity-cum-Life Assurance Scheme which is administered by LIC, Aditya Birla Sun Life Insurance Company Limited and Kotak Life Insurance Limited respectively. The present value of provisions for defined benefit plans and the resulting expense are calculated in accordance with Ind AS 19 - Employee Benefits by the Projected Unit Credit Method. The future benefit obligations are valued by an independent actuary at the year-end and spread over the entire employment period on the basis of specific assumptions regarding beneficiary structure and the economic environment. This includes the determination of the discount rate, salary escalation, mortality rate etc. which affects the valuation. In determining the appropriate discount rate at each balance sheet date, the Management considers the interest rates which relates to the benchmark rate available for Government Securities and that have terms to maturity approximating the terms of the related defined benefit obligation.

The fair value of plan assets is deducted from the present value of the defined benefit obligation to determine the net defined benefit obligation.

The effect of re-measurement of the net defined benefit obligation is reflected in the Statement of Comprehensive Income as Other Comprehensive Income. This consists of actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets, less the respective amounts included in net interest. Deferred taxes relating to the effects of re-measurements are also recognised in Other Comprehensive Income.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as past service cost under ‘Employee Benefits Expense’.

For Other employee benefits, the effect of re-measurements arising due to experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as ‘Employee Benefits Expense’ in the year in which they arise.

The net interest on net obligation for defined benefits and other employee benefits is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as ‘Finance Cost'' in the year in which it arises.

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Company recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates: (a) when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and (b) when the entity recognises costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of Ind AS 37 and involves the payment of terminations benefits. In the case of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer.

(r) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On March 24, 2021, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) through a notification, amended

Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013. The amendments revise Division I, II and III of Schedule III and are applicable from April 1, 2021. Key Amendments relating to Division II which relate to companies whose financial statements are required to comply with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015 are disclosure of lease liabilities, statement of changes in equity, shareholding of promoters, ageing schedule of trade receivables, trade payables, capital work-inprogress and intangible asset under development, usage of the fund borrowed from Banks and financial institutions, relating to Corporate Social responsibility and various other disclosure requirements along with specific disclosure under additional regulatory requirements.

The Company will evaluate the same to give effect in the financial statements as required by law.


Mar 31, 2019

1 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(a) Basis of Preparation Compliance with Ind AS

The financial statements of the Company are based on the principle of historical cost except for certain financial assets and liabilities and defined benefit plan that are measured at fair value, and are drawn up to comply in all material aspects with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as amended from time to time.

The accounting policies are applied consistently to all the years presented in the financial statements.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company''s operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current or non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest million as per the requirement of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated.

(b) Use of Estimates and Judgments

In preparing the financial statements, the Management has to make certain assumptions and estimates that may substantially impact the presentation of the Company''s financial position and/ or results of operations.

Such assumptions and estimates mainly relate to the useful life of Property, Plant and Equipment, Investment Properties and Intangible Assets and the recognition of provisions, including those for litigation, employee benefits and refund liabilities.

The estimates and judgments used in the preparation of the financial statements are continuously evaluated by the Company and are based on historical experience and various other assumptions and factors (including expectations of future events) that the Company believes to be reasonable under the existing circumstances. Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results may differ from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the periods in which they become known.

(c) Foreign Currency Transactions

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee, which is the Company''s functional and presentation currency. A company''s functional currency is that of the primary economic environment in which the company operates.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign exchange gains/ losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(d) Revenue Recognition

(i) The Company has applied Ind AS 115 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers which is effective for an annual period beginning on or after April 1, 2018. The following is the significant accounting policy related to revenue recognition under Ind AS 115.

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised on the basis of customer contracts and performance obligations contained therein. Revenue is recognised at a point in time when the control of goods is transferred to customer, this is generally when the goods are delivered to the customer''s location. Control lies with the customer if the customer can independently determine the use of and consume the benefit derived from goods or services. Revenue from delivery of goods is recognised at a point in time based on an overall assessment of the existence of a right to payment, the transfer of physical possession, the transfer of risks and rewards, and acceptance by the customer.

Revenue is reduced by goods and service tax and for actual and expected sales deductions resulting from sales returns, rebates, discounts. Sales deductions are estimated on the basis of historical experience, specific contractual terms and future expectations of sales development. Sales are reduced on the date of sale or on the date when the amount can be reasonably estimated. A refund liability and a right to recover the returned goods is recognised for the goods expected to be returned.

The Company operates loyalty programs where direct/ indirect customers accumulate points for purchases made which entitles them to free or discounted goods, other than Company''s goods. The promise to provide additional points to customers is therefore a separate performance obligation. The transaction price is allocated to the goods and the points on a relative standalone selling price basis. A contract liability for the award points is recognised at the time of sale. Revenue is recognised as sales when obligation is fulfilled based on the points redeemed.

The Company evaluates sales and distribution arrangement with supplier whether it is acting as a principal or an agent of the supplier, considering whether it controls the specified goods before it is transferred to customer and based on factors such as primary responsibility for providing goods to customer, inventory risk and pricing latitude. Where the supplier retains control over the specified goods and the Company performs the function of selling and distribution for a margin within a range by acting as an agent, it recognises only the margin (i.e. sales less material cost) as its revenue from such transactions.

For revenue recognition policy as per Ind AS 18, refer note 2(d) - Significant accounting policies - Revenue Recognition in the annual report of the Company for the year ended March 31, 2018.

(ii) Recoveries from Group Companies and Third Parties include recoveries towards common facilities/ resources, information technology and other support provided to such parties which is recognised as per terms of agreement and in the accounting period in which the services are rendered.

(e) Other Income

Dividends are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss only when the right to receive payment is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company, and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts over the expected life of the financial asset to the asset''s gross carrying amount on initial recognition. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument.

Income from export incentives is recognised on accrual basis to the extent the ultimate realisation is reasonably certain.

(f) Income Tax

Income taxes comprise the taxes levied on taxable income along with changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities that are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The income taxes recognised are reflected at the amounts likely to be payable under the statutory regulations in force, or substantively enacted in relation to future periods, at the end of the reporting period.

In compliance with Ind AS 12 - Income Taxes, deferred taxes are recognised for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet prepared according to Ind AS and their tax bases.

Deferred tax assets relating to deductible temporary differences, tax credits or tax loss carry forwards are recognised where it is sufficiently probable that taxable income will be available in the future to enable them to be used. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised on temporary differences taxable in the future.

The probability that deferred tax assets resulting from temporary differences or loss carry forwards can be used in the future, is the subject of forecasts by the Company regarding its future earnings situation and other parameters.

Deferred taxes are calculated at the rates which, on the basis of the statutory regulations in force, or substantively enacted in relation to future periods, as of the closing date, are expected to apply at the time of realisation. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Company has a legal right to settle on a net basis. Material effects of changes in tax rates or tax law on deferred tax assets and liabilities are generally accounted for in the period in which the changes are enacted. Such effects are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss except where they relate to deferred taxes that were recognised outside the Statement of Profit and Loss, in which case they, too, are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity.

Deferred and current taxes are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless they relate to items recognised outside the Statement of Profit and Loss in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity, in which case they, too, are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity respectively.

(g) Leases

A lease is an agreement whereby the lessor conveys to the lessee the right to use an asset for an agreed period of time in return for a payment or series of payments. A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. Lease transactions that transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the leased asset to the lessee are classified as finance leases. All other lease agreements are classified as operating leases. Whether an agreement constitutes a lease or contains a lease is determined at the inception of the lease.

As a lessee:

In case of finance lease, the leased asset is capitalised at the lower of fair value of the leased asset and the present value of the minimum lease payments at the inception of lease. The leased asset is depreciated by the straight-line method over the shorter of its estimated useful life or the lease term.

In case of operating lease, the lease payments are recognised as expenditure in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor''s expected inflationary cost increases.

As a lessor:

In respect of assets given on operating lease, the lease rental income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases.

(h) Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents comprise balances with banks including demand deposits and other short term highly liquid investments that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value, are easily convertible into a known amount of cash and have a maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition or investment.

(i) Inventories

Inventories encompass goods consumed in production (raw materials, packing materials and stores and spare parts), goods in the production process for sale (work-in-progress) and goods held for sale in the ordinary course of business (finished goods and stock-in-trade). Inventories are recognised at the lower of their cost of acquisition calculated by the weighted average method and at their net realisable value. The net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated cost of completion and selling expenses necessary to make the sale.

(j) Investment and Financial Assets

Financial assets are recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments. Accordingly, the Company recognises financial asset only when it has a contractual right to receive cash or other financial assets from another entity.

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss (FVPL), transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.

Subsequent to initial recognition, financial assets are measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) or FVPL. The classification depends on the Company''s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

Debt instruments

There are three measurement categories into which the Company classifies its debt instruments:

At amortised cost

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. Financial assets are accounted for at amortised cost using the effective interest method. This category comprises trade accounts receivable, loans, cash and cash equivalents, bank balances and other financial assets. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at amortised cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income using the effective interest rate method.

Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI)

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets'' cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at FVOCI. The movements in carrying amount are taken through Other Comprehensive Income, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in Other Comprehensive Income is reclassified from equity to the Statement of Profit and Loss and recognised in other gains/ (losses). Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income using the effective interest rate method.

Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVPL)

Assets shall be measured at FVPL unless it is measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at FVPL and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and presented within other gains/ (losses) in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income.

Equity instruments

Investment in Equity Instruments are classified as FVPL, unless the Company irrevocably elects on initial recognition to present subsequent changes in fair value in Other Comprehensive Income for investment in equity instruments which are not held for trading.

Impairment losses (and reversal of impairment losses) on equity investments measured at FVOCI are not reported separately from other changes in fair value.

The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost.

The Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for recognising impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortised cost. The Company follows ‘simplified approach'' permitted by Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments for recognition of impairment loss on trade receivables and lease receivables based on expected lifetime losses at each reporting date right from its initial recognition. If the reasons for previously recognised impairment losses no longer apply, the impairment losses are reversed provided that this does not cause the carrying amounts to exceed the amortised cost of acquisition.

Financial assets are derecognised when contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets expire or the financial assets are transferred together with all material risks and benefits.

(k) Derivatives

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks which are not designated as hedges. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(l) Property, Plant and Equipment

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. Property, plant and equipment is carried at the cost of acquisition or construction and depreciated over its estimated useful life. An impairment loss is recognised in addition if an asset''s recoverable amount falls below its carrying amount.

If the construction phase of property, plant and equipment extends over a substantial period of time, the interest incurred on borrowed capital up to the date of completion is capitalised as part of the cost of acquisition or construction in accordance with Ind AS 23 - Borrowing Cost.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it meets the asset recognition criteria as per Ind AS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment.

Significant asset components with different useful lives are accounted for and depreciated separately.

If there are indications that an individual item of property, plant and equipment may be impaired, the recoverable amount is compared to the carrying amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. If the recoverable amount is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognised for the difference. If the reasons for a previously recognised impairment loss no longer apply, the impairment loss is reversed provided that the reversal does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

The Company, based on internal Management assessment, depreciates property, plant and equipment under straight-line method over following estimated useful lives which are similar to the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The asset''s residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

Depreciation on assets costing Rs. 5,000/- or less is provided at the rate of 100% in the year of acquisition.

Land under finance lease is amortised over the period of lease except for the lease with perpetual rights.

The Company has elected to measure all its property, plant and equipment, at their previous GAAP carrying value which has been considered as deemed cost at date of transition i.e. April 1, 2015.

(m) Investment Properties

Investment properties comprise land and buildings not being used for operational or administrative purposes. It is measured using the cost model.

The Company, based on technical assessment made by management expert, depreciates investment properties under straight-line method over estimated useful lives which are similar to the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

Investment properties are derecognised either when they have been disposed off or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of derecognition.

The Company has elected to measure all its investment properties at their previous GAAP carrying value which has been considered as deemed cost at date of transition i.e. April 1, 2015.

(n) Intangible Assets

An intangible asset is an identifiable non-monetary asset without physical substance such as technical knowhow, software or marketing rights. It is capitalised if the future economic benefits attributable to the asset will probably flow to the Company and the cost of acquisition or generation of the asset can be reliably measured. It is amortised from the point at which the asset is available for use.

Intangible assets are recognised at the cost of acquisition or generation less accumulated amortisation and impairment loss, if any. Those with determinable useful life are amortised on a straight line basis over a period of up to three years for software and ten years for marketing rights. Determination of the expected useful lives of such assets and the amortisation patterns is based on estimates of the period for which they will generate cash flows. An impairment test is performed if there is an indication of possible impairment.

Any impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If the reasons for a previously recognised impairment loss no longer apply, the impairment loss is reversed provided that the reversal does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of amortisation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

The Company has elected to measure all its intangible assets at their previous GAAP carrying value which has been considered as deemed cost at the date of transition i.e. April 1, 2015.

(o) Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities are initially recognised at fair value if the Company has a contractual obligation to transfer cash or other financial assets to another party. Borrowings and payables are recognised net of directly attributable transaction costs. In subsequent periods, such liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the contractual obligation is discharged or cancelled, or has expired.

(p) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognised for present legal or constructive obligations arising from past events that will probably give rise to a future outflow of resources, provided that a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

Provisions are measured in accordance with Ind AS 37 - Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets. Where the cash outflow to settle an obligation is expected to occur after one year, the provision is recognised at the present value of the expected cash outflow. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is considered as Finance Cost. Claims for reimbursements from third parties are separately reflected in other receivables considering they are realisable.

If the projected obligation declines as a result of a change in the estimate, the provision is reversed by the corresponding amount and the resulting income recognised in the expenses in which the original charge was recognised.

Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events but their existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or where any present obligation cannot be measured in terms of future outflow of resources or where a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made.

Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements.

(q) Provision for Employment Benefits

The Company provides post-employment benefits under defined contribution, defined benefit plans, other employee benefits and termination benefits.

The Company has Defined Contribution plans namely Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund which are administered through Government authorities/ trustees. The Company contributes to a Government administered Provident Fund, Employees'' Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme and Family Pension Fund on behalf of its employees and has no further obligation beyond making its contribution. Under Superannuation Fund, applicable to certain employees, the Company makes contributions to Managerial employees'' Superannuation Scheme which is administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India (‘LIC'') and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to LIC. The Company makes contributions to State plans namely Employees'' State Insurance Fund and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to them. The Company''s contributions to the above funds are recognised as Employee Benefits Expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which they are due.

The Company has a Defined Benefit plan namely Gratuity covering its employees. The Gratuity scheme is funded through Group Gratuity-cum-Life Assurance Scheme and Kotak Group Balanced Fund which is administered by LIC and Kotak Life Insurance Limited respectively. The present value of provisions for defined benefit plans and the resulting expense are calculated in accordance with Ind AS 19 - Employee Benefits by the Projected Unit Credit Method. The future benefit obligations are valued by an independent actuary at the year-end and spread over the entire employment period on the basis of specific assumptions regarding beneficiary structure and the economic environment. This includes the determination of the discount rate, salary escalation, mortality rate etc. which affects the valuation. In determining the appropriate discount rate at each balance sheet date, the Management considers the interest rates which relates to the benchmark rate available for Government Securities and that have terms to maturity approximating the terms of the related defined benefit obligation.

The fair value of plan assets is deducted from the present value of the defined benefit obligation to determine the net defined benefit obligation.

The effects of re-measurements of the net defined benefit obligation are reflected in the Statement of Comprehensive Income as Other Comprehensive Income. They consist of actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets, less the respective amounts included in net interest. Deferred taxes relating to the effects of re-measurements are also recognised in Other Comprehensive Income.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as past service cost under ‘Employee Benefits Expense''.

For Other employee benefits, the effect of re-measurements arising due to experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as ‘Employee Benefits Expense'' in the year in which they arise.

The net interest on net obligation for defined benefits and other employee benefits is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as ‘Finance Cost'' in the year in which it arises.

Termination benefits in the nature of voluntary retirement benefits are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.

(r) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Standards issued but not yet effective

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has issued Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2019 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Second Amendment Rules on March 30, 2019, which notified the following standards and amendments to Ind AS applicable effective from April 1, 2019:

Ind AS 116 - Leases

Ind AS 116 will replace the existing leases standard, Ind AS 17 Leases. Ind AS 116 sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both lessees and lessors. The standard introduces a single lessee accounting model, requiring lessees to recognize right-of-use assets for granted rights of use and corresponding lease liabilities. However, Ind AS 116 contains the option of exercising exemptions for the recognition of short-term leases and those pertaining to low-value assets.

The Company will adopt Ind AS 116 effective from April 1, 2019. The Company will apply the standard to its leases, retrospectively, without restating the comparative figures. On the date of transition, the Company will be using the practical expedient provided by the standard and therefore, will not reassess whether a contract, is or contains a lease, at the date of initial application. On the date of initial application, the Company will recognise a lease liability measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments, using the incremental borrowing rate as of that date and right-of-use asset will be measured at the amount equal to lease liability adjusted for accrual and prepayment. Initial direct costs will not be taken into account in the measurement of the right-of-use asset as of the date of first-time application.

The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of Ind AS 116.


Mar 31, 2018

(a) Basis of Preparation Compliance with Ind AS

The financial statements of the Company are based on the principle of historical cost except for certain financial assets and liabilities and defined benefit plan that are measured at fair value, and are drawn up to comply in all material aspects with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) read with Rule 4 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and other relevant provisions of the Act.

The accounting policies are applied consistently to all the years presented in the financial statements.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company’s operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current or non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest million as per the requirement of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated.

(b) Use of Estimates and Judgements

In preparing the financial statements, the Management has to make certain assumptions and estimates that may substantially impact the presentation of the Company’s financial position and/ or results of operations.

Such assumptions and estimates mainly relate to the useful life of Property, Plant and Equipment, Investment Properties and Intangible Assets and the recognition of provisions, including those for litigation, employee benefits and sales deductions.

The estimates and judgements used in the preparation of the financial statements are continuously evaluated by the Company and are based on historical experience and various other assumptions and factors (including expectations of future events) that the Company believes to be reasonable under the existing circumstances. Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results may differ from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the periods in which they become known.

(c) Foreign Currency Transactions

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee, which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency. A company’s functional currency is that of the primary economic environment in which the company operates.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign exchange gains/ losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(d) Revenue Recognition

(i) Sales are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been transferred to the customer, the Company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold, the amount of revenue and costs incurred or to be incurred, can be measured reliably, and it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company.

Sales are measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable inclusive of excise duty and net of returns, trade allowances, rebates, discounts, value added taxes, goods and service tax. Appropriate provisions are recorded for rebates and returns which are estimated on the basis of historical experience, specific contractual terms and future expectations. It is unlikely that the factors other than these could materially affect sales deductions of the Company.

The Company operates loyalty programs where direct/ indirect customers accumulate points for purchases made, which entitles them for free or discounted goods, other than Company’s goods or specific services. The revenue received or receivable is allocated between the goods supplied and award credits granted. Revenue related to the award credits are deferred and recognised when the points are redeemed by the customers. The revenue related to the award credit is measured by reference to their fair value.

The Company evaluates sales and distribution arrangement with supplier whether it is acting as a principal or an agent of the supplier, considering its exposure to the significant risk and reward, and based on factors such as primary obligation for providing goods/ services to customer, credit risk, inventory risk and pricing latitude. Where the supplier retains significant risks and rewards associated with the product and the Company performs the function of selling and distribution for a margin within a range by acting as an agent, it recognises only the margin (i.e. sales less material cost) as its revenue from such transactions.

(ii) Recoveries from Group Companies and Third Parties include recoveries towards common facilities/ resources, information technology and other support provided to such parties which is recognised as per terms of agreement and in the accounting period in which the services are rendered.

(e) Other Income

Dividends are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss only when the right to receive payment is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company, and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts over the expected life of the financial asset to the asset’s gross carrying amount on initial recognition. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument.

Income from export incentives is recognised on accrual basis to the extent the ultimate realisation is reasonably certain.

(f) Income Tax

Income taxes comprise the taxes levied on taxable income along with changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities that are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The income taxes recognised are reflected at the amounts likely to be payable under the statutory regulations in force, or substantively enacted in relation to future periods, at the end of the reporting period.

In compliance with Ind AS 12 - Income Taxes, deferred taxes are recognised for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet prepared according to Ind AS and their tax bases.

Deferred tax assets relating to deductible temporary differences, tax credits or tax loss carry forwards are recognised where it is sufficiently probable that taxable income will be available in the future to enable them to be used. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised on temporary differences taxable in the future.

The probability that deferred tax assets resulting from temporary differences or loss carry forwards can be used in the future, is the subject of fore casts by the Company regarding its future earnings situation and other parameters.

Deferred taxes are calculated at the rates which, on the basis of the statutory regulations in force, or substantively enacted in relation to future periods, as of the closing date, are expected to apply at the time of realisation. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Company has a legal right to settle on a net basis. Material effects of changes in tax rates or tax law on deferred tax assets and liabilities are generally accounted for in the period in which the changes are enacted. Such effects are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss except where they relate to deferred taxes that were recognised outside the Statement of Profit and Loss, in which case they, too, are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity.

Deferred and current taxes are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless they relate to items recognised outside the Statement of Profit and Loss in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity, in which case they, too, are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity respectively.

(g) Leases

A lease is an agreement whereby the lessor conveys to the lessee the right to use an asset for an agreed period of time in return for a payment or series of payments. A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. Lease transactions that transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the leased asset to the lessee are classified as finance leases. All other lease agreements are classified as operating leases. Whether an agreement constitutes a lease or contains a lease is determined at the inception of the lease.

As a lessee:

In case of finance lease, the leased asset is capitalised at the lower of fair value of the leased asset and the present value of the minimum lease payments at the inception of lease. The leased asset is depreciated by the straight-line method over the shorter of its estimated useful life or the lease term.

In case of operating lease, the lease payments are recognised as expenditure in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increases.

As a lessor:

In respect of assets given on operating lease, the lease rental income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases.

(h) Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents comprise balances with banks including demand deposits and other short term highly liquid investments that are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, are easily convertible into a known amount of cash and have a maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition or investment.

(i) Inventories

Inventories encompass goods consumed in production (raw materials, packing materials and stores and spare parts), goods in the production process for sale (work-in-progress) and goods held for sale in the ordinary course of business (finished goods and stock-in-trade). Inventories are recognised at the lower of their cost of acquisition calculated by the weighted average method and at their net realisable value. The net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated cost of completion and selling expenses necessary to make the sale.

(j) Investment and Financial Assets

Financial assets are recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments. Accordingly, the Company recognises financial asset only when it has a contractual right to receive cash or other financial assets from another entity.

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss (FVPL), transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.

Subsequent to initial recognition, financial assets are measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) or FVPL. The classification depends on the Company’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

Debt instruments

There are three measurement categories into which the Company classifies its debt instruments:

At amortised cost

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. Financial assets are accounted for at amortised cost using the effective interest method. This category comprises trade accounts receivable, loans, cash and cash equivalents, bank balances and other financial assets. Again or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at amortised cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income using the effective interest rate method.

Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI)

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets’ cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at FVOCI. The movements in carrying amount are taken through Other Comprehensive Income, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in Other Comprehensive Income is reclassified from equity to the Statement of Profit and Loss and recognised in other gains/ (losses). Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income using the effective interest rate method.

Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVPL)

Assets shall be measured at FVPL unless it is measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at FVPL and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and presented within other gains/ (losses) in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income.

Equity instruments

Investment in Equity Instruments are classified as FVPL, unless the Company irrevocably elects on initial recognition to present subsequent changes in fair value in Other Comprehensive Income for investment in equity instruments which are not held for trading. Impairment losses (and reversal of impairment losses) on equity investments measured at FVOCI are not reported separately from other changes in fair value.

The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost. The Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for recognising impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortised cost. The Company follows ‘simplified approach’ permitted by Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments for recognition of impairment loss on trade receivables and lease receivables based on expected lifetime losses at each reporting date right from its initial recognition. If the reasons for previously recognised impairment losses no longer apply, the impairment losses are reversed provided that this does not cause the carrying amounts to exceed the amortised cost of acquisition.

Financial assets are derecognised when contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets expire or the financial assets are transferred together with all material risks and benefits.

(k) Derivatives

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks which are not designated as hedges. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(l) Property, Plant and Equipment

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. Property, plant and equipment is carried at the cost of acquisition or construction and depreciated over its estimated useful life. An impairment loss is recognised in addition if an asset’s recoverable amount falls below its carrying amount.

If the construction phase of property, plant and equipment extends over a substantial period of time, the interest incurred on borrowed capital up to the date of completion is capitalised as part of the cost of acquisition or construction in accordance with Ind AS 23 -Borrowing Cost.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it meets the asset recognition criteria as per Ind AS16- Property, Plant and Equipment.

Significant asset components with different useful lives are accounted for and depreciated separately.

If there are indications that an individual item of property, plant and equipment may be impaired, the recoverable amount is compared to the carrying amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. If the recoverable amount is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognised for the difference. If the reasons for a previously recognised impairment loss no longer apply, the impairment loss is reversed provided that the reversal does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

The Company, based on internal Management assessment, depreciates property, plant and equipment under straight-line method over following estimated useful lives which are similar to the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The asset’s residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

Depreciation on assets costing Rs. 5,000/- or less is provided at the rate of 100% in the year of acquisition.

Land under finance lease is amortised over the period of lease except for the lease with perpetual rights.

The Company has elected to measure all its property, plant and equipment, at their previous GAAP carrying value which has been considered as deemed cost at date of transition i.e. April 1,2015.

(m) Investment Properties

Investment properties comprise land and buildings not being used for operational or administrative purposes. It is measured using the cost model.

The Company, based on technical assessment made by management expert, depreciates investment properties under straight-line method over estimated useful lives which are similar to the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

Investment properties are derecognised either when they have been disposed off or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of derecognition.

The Company has elected to measure all its investment properties at their previous GAAP carrying value which has been considered as deemed cost at date of transition i.e. April 1, 2015.

(n) Intangible Assets

An intangible asset is an identifiable non-monetary asset without physical substance such as technical knowhow, software or marketing rights. It is capitalised if the future economic benefits attributable to the asset will probably flow to the Company and the cost of acquisition or generation of the asset can be reliably measured. It is amortised from the point at which the asset is available for use.

Intangible assets are recognised at the cost of acquisition or generation less accumulated amortisation & impairment loss, if any. Those with determinable useful life are amortised on a straight-line basis over a period of up to three years for software and ten years for marketing rights. Determination of the expected useful lives of such assets and the amortisation patterns is based on estimates of the period for which they will generate cash flows. An impairment test is performed if there is an indication of possible impairment.

Any impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If the reasons for a previously recognised impairment loss no longer apply, the impairment loss is reversed provided that the reversal does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of amortisation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

The Company has elected to measure all its intangible assets at their previous GAAP carrying value which has been considered as deemed cost at the date of transition i.e. April 1, 2015.

(o) Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities are initially recognised at fair value if the Company has a contractual obligation to transfer cash or other financial assets to another party. Borrowings and payables are recognised net of directly attributable transaction costs. In subsequent periods, such liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the contractual obligation is discharged or cancelled, or has expired.

(p) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognised for present legal or constructive obligations arising from past events that will probably give rise to a future outflow of resources, provided that a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

Provisions are measured in accordance with Ind AS 37 - Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets. Where the cash outflow to settle an obligation is expected to occur after one year, the provision is recognised at the present value of the expected cash outflow. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is considered as Finance Cost. Claims for reimbursements from third parties are separately reflected in other receivables considering they are realisable.

If the projected obligation declines as a result of a change in the estimate, the provision is reversed by the corresponding amount and the resulting income recognised in the expense item(s) in which the original charge was recognised.

Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events but their existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or where any present obligation cannot be measured in terms of future outflow of resources or where a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made.

Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements.

(q) Provision for Employment Benefits

The Company provides post-employment benefits under defined contribution, defined benefit plans, other employee benefits and termination benefits.

The Company has Defined Contribution plans namely Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund which are administered through Government authorities/ trustees. The Company contributes to a Government administered Provident Fund, Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme and Family Pension Fund on behalf of its employees and has no further obligation beyond making its contribution. Under Superannuation Fund, applicable to certain employees, the Company makes contributions to Managerial employees’ Superannuation Scheme which is administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India (‘LIC’) and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to LIC. The Company makes contributions to State plans namely Employees’ State Insurance Fund and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to them. The Company’s contributions to the above funds are recognised as Employee Benefits Expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which they are due.

The Company has a Defined Benefit plan namely Gratuity covering its employees. The Gratuity scheme is funded through Group Gratuity-cum-Life Assurance Scheme and Kotak Group Balanced Fund which is administered by LIC and Kotak Life Insurance Limited respectively. The present value of provisions for defined benefit plans and the resulting expense are calculated in accordance with Ind AS 19 - Employee Benefits by the Projected Unit Credit Method. The future benefit obligations are valued by an independent actuary at the year-end and spread over the entire employment period on the basis of specific assumptions regarding beneficiary structure and the economic environment. This includes the determination of the discount rate, salary escalation, mortality rate etc. which affects the valuation. In determining the appropriate discount rate at each balance sheet date, the Management considers the interest rates which relates to the benchmark rate available for Government Securities and that have terms to maturity approximating the terms of the related defined benefit obligation.

The fair value of plan assets is deducted from the present value of the defined benefit obligation to determine the net defined benefit obligation.

The effects of re-measurements of the net defined benefit obligation are reflected in the Statement of Comprehensive Income as Other Comprehensive Income. They consist of actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets, less the respective amounts included in net interest. Deferred taxes relating to the effects of re-measurements are also recognised in Other Comprehensive Income.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as past service cost under ‘Employee Benefits Expense’.

For other employee benefits, the effect of re-measurements arising due to experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as ‘Employee Benefits Expense’ in the year in which they arise.

The net interest on net obligation for defined benefits and other employee benefits is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as ‘Finance Cost’ in the year in which it arises.

Termination benefits in the nature of voluntary retirement benefits are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.

(r) Recent Accounting Pronouncements Standards issued but not yet effective

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has issued the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendment) Rules, 2018 (the ‘Amendment Rules’) on March 28, 2018 whereby Ind AS 115 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Appendix B to Ind AS 21 - Foreign currency transactions and advance consideration has been notified and changes in various applicable Ind AS have been made. These amendments are applicable to the Company from April 1, 2018.

(i) Ind AS 115- Revenue from Contracts with Customers:

The new standard establishes a five-step model related to revenue recognition from contracts with customers. Under Ind AS 115 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers, revenue is recognised at amounts that reflect the consideration that an entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. Revenue is recognised when (or as) the entity transfers control of goods or services to a customer either over time or at a point in time.

The Company will implement Ind AS 115 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers retrospectively with cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognised at the date of initial application i.e. April 1, 2018. The aggregate amount of any transition effects will be accounted by way of an adjustment to retained earnings as of April 1, 2018, and presenting the comparative period in line with previous rules. The new standard is not expected to materially affect the timing of revenue and impact financial statements of the Company.

(ii) Appendix B to Ind AS 21- Foreign currency transactions and advance consideration:

The Appendix clarifies that the date of the transaction for the purpose of determining the exchange rate to use on initial recognition of the asset, expense or income (or part of it) is the date on which an entity initially recognises the non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability arising from the payment or receipt of advance consideration towards such assets, expenses or income. If there are multiple payments or receipts in advance, then an entity must determine transaction date for each payment or receipts of advance consideration.

There is no impact of the Appendix on the financial statements.


Mar 31, 2017

COMPANY PROFILE

Bayer Crop Science Limited (“the Company”) is a Company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 and having its registered office at Bayer House, Central Avenue, Hiranandani Estate, Thane (West) - 400 607. The Company is engaged into ‘Agri Care’ business which primarily includes manufacture, sale and distribution of insecticides, fungicides, weedicides and various other agrochemical products, and sale and distribution of hybrid seeds. Out of the total paid-up share capital of the Company, 68.58% is held by its promoters. The ultimate parent company is Bayer AG, Germany. The Company is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange, Mumbai. The Company has its own manufacturing site at Himatnagar in the state of Gujarat.

1 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(a) Basis of Preparation Compliance with Ind AS

The financial statements of the Company are prepared based on the principle of the historical cost except for certain financial assets and liabilities and defined benefit plan that are measured at fair value, and are drawn up to comply in all material aspects with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) read with Rule 4 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and other relevant provisions of the Act.

The financial statements up to the year ended March 31, 2016 were prepared in accordance with the accounting standards notified under Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and other relevant provisions of the Act (previous GAAP).

The financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2017 are the first financial statements with comparatives prepared under Ind AS. Reconciliations and explanations of the effect of the transition from previous GAAP to Ind AS on the Company’s Total Equity, Total Comprehensive Income and Statement of Cash Flows are provided in Note 42.

The accounting policies are applied consistently to all the periods presented in the financial statements, including the preparation of the opening Ind AS Balance Sheet as at April 1, 2015, being the date of transition to Ind AS.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company’s operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current or non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest millions as per the requirement of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated.

(b) Use of Estimates and Judgments

In preparing the financial statements, the Management has to make certain assumptions and estimates that may substantially impact the presentation of the Company’s financial position and/ or results of operations.

Such assumptions and estimates mainly relate to the useful life of Property, Plant and Equipment, Investment Properties and Intangible Assets and the recognition of provisions, including those for litigation, employee benefits and sales deductions.

The estimates and judgments used in the preparation of the financial statements are continuously evaluated by the Company and are based on historical experience and various other assumptions and factors (including expectations of future events) that the Company believes to be reasonable under the existing circumstances. Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results may differ from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the periods in which they become known.

Transition to Ind AS:

Ind AS estimates as at April 1, 2015 are consistent with estimates as at the same date made in conformity with previous GAAP. The Company made estimates for impairment of financial assets based on expected credit loss model and investment in debt instruments carried at FVPL in accordance with Ind AS at the date of transition as these were not required under previous GAAP.

(c) Principles of Business Combination

The acquisition method of accounting under Ind AS is used to account for business combinations by the Company from the date of transition to Ind AS i.e. April 1, 2015. Prior to the date of transition to Ind AS, business acquisition has been accounted based on previous GAAP.

Transition to Ind AS:

In accordance with Ind AS 101 - Provision related to first time adoption, the Company has elected to apply Ind AS 103 - Business Combinations prospectively to business combinations occurred after its transition date. As such, Indian GAAP balances relating to business combinations entered into before that date have been carried forward.

(d) Foreign Currency Transactions

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee, which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency. A Company’s functional currency is that of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign exchange gains/ losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(e) Revenue Recognition

(i) Sales are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been transferred to the customer, the Company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold, the amount of revenue and costs incurred or to be incurred, can be measured reliably, and it is sufficiently probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company.

Sales are inclusive of excise duty and net of returns, trade allowances, rebates, value added taxes and discounts. Appropriate provisions are recorded for rebates and returns which are estimated on the basis of historical experience, specific contractual terms and future expectations of sales development. It is unlikely that the factors other than these could materially affect sales deductions of the Company.

The Company operates a loyalty program where customers accumulate points for purchases made which entitles them for free or discounted goods, other than Company’s goods or specific services. The revenue received or receivable is allocated between the goods supplied and award credits granted. Revenue related to the award credits are deferred and recognized when the points are redeemed by the customers. The revenue related to the award credit is measured by reference to their fair value.

The Company evaluates sales and distribution arrangement with supplier whether it is acting as a principal or an agent of the supplier, considering its exposure to the significant risk and reward, and based on factors such as primary obligation for providing goods/ services to customer, credit risk, inventory risk and pricing latitude. Where the supplier retains significant risks and rewards associated with the product and the Company performs the function of selling and distribution for a margin within a range by acting as an agent, it recognizes only the margin (i.e. sales less material cost) as its revenue from such transactions.

(ii) Recoveries from Group Companies and Third Parties include recoveries towards common facilities/ resources, information technology and other support provided to such parties which is recognized as per terms of agreement and in the accounting period in which the services are rendered.

(f) Other Income

Dividends are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss only when the right to receive payment is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company, and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts over the expected life of the financial asset to the asset’s gross carrying amount on initial recognition. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument.

Income from export incentives is recognized on accrual basis to the extent the ultimate realization is reasonably certain.

(g) Income Tax

Income taxes comprise the taxes levied on taxable income along with changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities that are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The income taxes recognized are reflected at the amounts likely to be payable under the statutory regulations in force, or already enacted in relation to future periods, at the end of the reporting period.

In compliance with Ind AS 12 - Income Taxes, deferred taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet prepared according to Ind AS and their tax bases.

Deferred tax assets relating to deductible temporary differences, tax credits or tax loss carry forwards are recognized where it is probable that sufficient taxable income will be available in the future to enable them to be used. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized on temporary differences taxable in the future. Deferred tax is also not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting profit nor taxable profit (tax loss).

The probability that deferred tax assets resulting from temporary differences or loss carry forwards can be used in the future is the subject of forecasts by the Company regarding its future earnings situation and other parameters.

Deferred taxes are calculated at the rates which, on the basis of the statutory regulations in force, or substantively enacted in relation to future periods, as of the closing date, are expected to apply at the time of realization. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Company has a legal right to settle on a net basis. Material effects of changes in tax rates or tax law on deferred tax assets and liabilities are generally accounted for in the period in which the changes are enacted. Such effects are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss except where they relate to deferred taxes that were recognized outside the Statement of Profit and Loss, in which case they are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income.

Deferred and current taxes are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss unless they relate to items recognized outside Statement of Profit and Loss, in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity, in which case they, too, are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity respectively.

(h) Leases

A lease is an agreement whereby the less or conveys to the lessee the right to use an asset for an agreed period of time in return for a payment or series of payments. A Lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. Lease transactions that transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the leased asset to the lessee are classified as finance leases. All other lease agreements are classified as operating leases. Whether an agreement constitutes a lease or contains a lease is determined upon inception of the lease.

As a lessee:

In case of Finance lease, the leased asset is capitalized at the lower of fair value of the leased asset and the present value of the minimum lease payments at the inception of lease. The leased asset is depreciated by the straight-line method over the shorter of its estimated useful life or the lease term.

In case of Operating lease, the lease payments are recognized as expenditure in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the less or’s expected inflationary cost increases.

As a less or:

In respect of assets given on operating lease, the lease rental income is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight line basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases.

Transition to Ind AS:

The Company has assessed whether a contract or an arrangement contains a lease on the basis of facts and circumstances existing at the date of transition to Ind AS.

(i) Cash and Cash Equivalents

For the purpose of presentation in the Statement of Cash Flow, Cash and Cash Equivalents comprise cash on hand, balances with banks including demand deposits, other short-term highly liquid investments that are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, are easily convertible into a known amount of cash and have a maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition or investment.

(j) Inventories

Inventories encompass goods consumed in production (raw materials, packing materials and stores and spare parts), goods in the production process for sale (semi-finished goods) and goods held for sale in the ordinary course of business (finished goods and stock-in-trade). Inventories are recognized at their cost of acquisition or production and all other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition - calculated by the weighted average method - or at their net realizable value, whichever is lower. The net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated cost of completion and selling expenses necessary to make the sale.

(k) Investment and Other Financial Assets

Financial assets are recognized and measured in accordance with Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments. Accordingly, the Company recognizes financial asset only when it has a contractual right to receive cash or other financial assets from another entity.

Financial assets are initially recognized at fair value plus transaction costs directly attributable to its acquisition. The transaction costs incurred for the purchase of financial assets held at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss immediately.

Subsequent to initial recognition, financial assets are measured at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) or fair value through profit and loss (FVPL).

The classification depends on the Company’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

Debt instruments

There are three measurement categories into which the Company classifies its debt instruments:

At amortized cost

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at amortized cost. Financial assets are accounted for at amortized cost using the effective interest method. This category comprises trade accounts receivable, loans, cash and cash equivalents, bank balances and other financial assets. Again or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at amortized cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using the effective interest rate method.

Fair value through Other Comprehensive Income CFVOCn

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets’ cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at fair value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI).The movements in carrying amount are taken through Other Comprehensive Income, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is derecognized, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in Other Comprehensive Income is reclassified from equity to the Statement of Profit and Loss and recognized in other gains/ (losses). Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using the effective interest rate method.

Fair value through Profit or Loss fFVPLI

Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortized cost or FVOCI are measured at FVPL. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at FVPL and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss and presented within other gains/ (losses) in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income.

(k) Investment and Other Financial Assets (contd.)

Equity instruments

The Company subsequently measures all equity instruments at fair value through the Statement of Profit and Loss. Accordingly, a gain or loss on an equity instrument is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Impairment losses (and reversal of impairment losses) on equity investments measured at FVOCI are not reported separately from other changes in fair value.

The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortized cost and FVOCI debt instruments. If there are substantial and objective indications of a decline in the value of financial assets, an impairment test is performed. The Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for recognizing impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortized cost. The Company follows ‘simplified approach’ permitted by Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments for recognition of impairment loss on trade receivables and lease receivables based on expected lifetime losses at each reporting date right from its initial recognition. If the reasons for previously recognized impairment losses no longer apply, the impairment losses are reversed provided that this does not cause the carrying amounts to exceed the amortized cost of acquisition.

Financial assets are derecognized when contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets expire or the financial assets are transferred together with all material risks and benefits.

Transition to Ind AS:

The Company has elected to apply de-recognition provisions of Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments prospectively for transactions occurring on or after the date of transition and accordingly financial assets which were derecognized under previous GAAP are not reinstated.

The Company has classified and measured its financial assets on the basis of the facts and circumstances existed at the date of transition to Ind AS.

(l) Derivatives

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks which are not designated as hedges. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(m) Property, Plant and Equipment

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. Property, plant and equipment is carried at the cost of acquisition or construction and depreciated over its estimated useful life. An impairment loss is recognized in addition if an asset’s recoverable amount falls below its carrying amount.

If the construction phase of property, plant and equipment extends over a substantial period of time, the interest incurred on borrowed capital up to the date of completion is capitalized as part of the cost of acquisition or construction in accordance with Ind AS 23 -Borrowing Cost.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it meets the asset recognition criteria as per Ind AS16- Property, Plant and Equipment.

Significant asset components with different useful lives are accounted for and depreciated separately.

If there are indications that an individual item of property, plant and equipment may be impaired, the recoverable amount is compared to the carrying amount. If the recoverable amount is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference. If the reasons for a previously recognized impairment loss no longer apply, the impairment loss is reversed provided that the reversal does not cause the carrying amount to exceed the cost of acquisition or construction less depreciation.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized, is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

(m) Property, Plant and Equipment (contd.)

The Company, based on technical assessment made by management expert, depreciates property, plant and equipment under straight-line method over following estimated useful lives which are similar to the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The asset’s residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

Depreciation on assets costing '' 5,000/- or less is provided at the rate of 100% in the year of acquisition.

Land under Finance Lease is amortized over the period of lease except for the lease with perpetual rights.

Transition to Ind AS:

The Company has elected to measure all its property, plant and equipment at their previous GAAP carrying value as deemed cost at date of transition.

(n) Investment Properties

Investment properties comprises land and buildings not being used for operational or administrative purposes. It is measured using the cost model.

The Company, based on technical assessment made by management expert, depreciates Investment properties under straight-line method over estimated useful lives which are similar to the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

Investment properties are derecognized either when they have been disposed off or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in profit or loss in the period of derecognition.

Transition to Ind AS:

The Company has elected to measure all its investment properties at their previous GAAP carrying value as deemed cost at date of transition.

(o) Intangible Assets

An intangible asset is an identifiable non-monetary asset without physical substance such as a technical knowhow, computer software or marketing rights. It is capitalized if the future economic benefits attributable to the asset will probably flow to the Company and the cost of acquisition or generation of the asset can be reliably measured. It is amortized from the point at which the asset is available for use.

Intangible assets are recognized at the cost of acquisition or generation less accumulated amortization/ impairment loss, if any. Those with determinable useful life are amortized accordingly on a straight line basis over a period of up to three years for computer software and ten years for marketing rights. Determination of the expected useful lives of such assets and the amortization patterns is based on estimates of the period for which they will generate cash flows. An impairment test is performed if there is an indication of possible impairment.

Any impairment losses are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If the reasons for a previously recognized impairment loss no longer apply, the impairment loss is reversed provided that the reversal does not cause the carrying amount to exceed the (amortized) cost of acquisition or generation.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

Transition to Ind AS:

The Company has elected to measure all intangible assets at their previous GAAP carrying value as deemed cost at date of transition.

(p) Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities are initially recognized at fair value if the Company has a contractual obligation to transfer cash or other financial assets to another party. Borrowings and payables are recognized net of directly attributable transaction costs. In subsequent periods, such liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

Financial liabilities are derecognized when the contractual obligation is discharged or cancelled, or has expired.

Transition to Ind AS:

The Company has elected to apply de-recognition provisions of Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments prospectively for transactions occurring on or after the date of transition and accordingly financial liabilities which were derecognized under previous GAAP are not reinstated.

The company has classified and measured its financial liabilities on the basis of the facts and circumstances existed at the date of transition to Ind AS.

(q) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognized for present legal or constructive obligations arising from past events that will probably give rise to a future outflow of resources, provided that a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligations.

Provisions are measured in accordance with Ind AS 37 - Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets. Where the cash outflow to settle an obligation is expected to occur after one year, the provision is recognized at the present value of the expected cash outflow. Claims for reimbursements from third parties are separately reflected in other receivables if their realization is virtually certain.

If the projected obligation declines as a result of a change in the estimate, the provision is reversed by the corresponding amount and the resulting income recognized in the operating expense item(s) in which the original charge was recognized.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events but their existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or where any present obligation cannot be measured in terms of future outflow of resources or where a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made.

Contingent assets are not recognized in the financial statements.

(r) Provision for Employment Benefits

The Company provides post-employment benefits under defined contribution and/ or defined benefit plans, other employee benefits and termination benefits.

The Company has Defined Contribution plans namely Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund which are administered through Government authorities/ trustees. The Company contributes to a Government administered Provident Fund, Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme and Family Pension Fund on behalf of its employees and has no further obligation beyond making its contribution. Under Superannuation Fund, applicable to certain employees, the Company makes contributions to Managerial employees’ Superannuation Scheme which is administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India (‘LIC’) and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to the insurance company. The Company makes contributions to State plans namely Employees’ State Insurance Fund and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to them. The Company’s contributions to the above funds are recognized as Employee Benefit Expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which they are due.

The Company has a Defined Benefit plan namely Gratuity covering its employees. The Gratuity scheme is funded through Group Gratuity-cum-Life Assurance Scheme which is administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India (‘LIC’). The present value of provisions for defined benefit plans and the resulting expense are calculated in accordance with Ind AS 19 - Employee Benefits by the Projected Unit Credit Method. The future benefit obligations are valued by an independent actuary at the year-end and spread over the entire employment period on the basis of specific assumptions regarding beneficiary structure and the economic environment. This includes the determination of the discount rate, salary escalation, mortality rate etc. which affects the valuation. In determining the appropriate discount rate at each balance sheet date, the Management considers the interest rates which relates to the benchmark rate available for Government Securities and that have terms to maturity approximating the terms of the related defined benefit obligation.

The fair value of plan assets is deducted from the present value of the defined benefit obligation for other post-employment benefits to determine the net defined benefit liability.

The effects of re-measurements of the net defined benefit liability are reflected in the Statement of Comprehensive Income as Other Comprehensive Income. They consist of actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets, less the respective amounts included in net interest. Deferred taxes relating to the effects of re-measurements are also recognized in Other Comprehensive Income.

(r) Provision For Employment Benefits (contd.)

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as past service cost under ‘Employee Benefit Expenses’.

For other employee benefits, the effect of re-measurements arising due to experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as ‘Employee Benefit Expenses’ in the year in which they arise.

The net interest on net liability for defined benefits and other employee benefits is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as ‘Finance Cost’ in the year in which they arise.

Termination benefits in the nature of voluntary retirement benefits are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.

(s) Recent Accounting Pronouncements Standards issued but not yet effective

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has issued the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendment) Rules, 2017 (the ‘Amendment Rules’) on March 17, 2017 notifying amendments to Ind AS 7 - Statement of Cash Flows and Ind AS 102 - Share-based payment effective for annual periods beginning on or after April 1, 2017.

Amendment to Ind AS 7:

The amendment to Ind AS 7 requires the entities to provide disclosures that enable users of financial statements to evaluate changes in liabilities arising from financing activities, including both changes arising from cash flows and non-cash changes, suggesting inclusion of a reconciliation between the opening and closing balances in the Balance Sheet for liabilities arising from financing activities, to meet the disclosure requirement.

Amendment to Ind AS 102:

The amendment to Ind AS 102 provides specific guidance for measurement of cash-settled awards, modification of cash-settled awards and awards that include a net settlement feature in respect of withholding taxes. It clarifies that the fair value of cash-settled awards is determined on a basis consistent with that used for equity-settled awards. Also, the amendment clarifies that if the terms and conditions of a cash-settled share-based payment transaction are modified with the result that it becomes an equity-settled share-based payment transaction, the transaction is accounted for as such from the date of the modification. Further, the amendment requires the award that include a net settlement feature in respect of withholding taxes to be treated as equity-settled in its entirety. The cash payment to the tax authority is treated as if it was part of an equity settlement.

The Company does not expect a significant impact on its financial statements on initial application of these ‘Amendment Rules’.

2 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT [Refer Note 33(a)] (contd.)

a) Deemed cost of leasehold improvements as on April 1, 2015 is Nil i.e. fully depreciated over a period of time and hence the same has not been presented in the above table.

b) Figures shown in brackets are in respect of previous year.

* Amount is below the rounding off norm adopted by the Company.

** Additions to Buildings and Plant and Equipment represents amount of expenditure incurred in the course of its construction.

a) Figures shown in brackets are in respect of previous year.

b) The Company had given Land and portion of a Building on operating lease under cancellable lease arrangement. Investment properties are distinguished from owner-occupied property based on area covered under lease arrangements. Refer Note 33 for disclosure of contractual obligations to purchase, construct or develop investment properties and for its repairs, maintenance or enhancements respectively.

Estimation of fair value:

The fair value of investment properties has been determined by external independent property valuers having recognized professional qualifications. The current prices in an active market for similar properties has been used to determine fair value of investment properties. The fair value measurement of investment properties has been categorized as Level 3 based on the inputs in the valuation.

a) The Company is the distributor of Bayer Bio Science Private Limited (BBPL) operating in the territory of India and Nepal for distribution of seeds. As the Company is a limited risk distributor in this commercial arrangement, BBPL recognizes the risk of overdue receivables to its account. As of March 31, 2017, the Company has certain overdue outstanding receivables towards distribution of seeds to third parties aggregating 354. The Company has recovered this amount from BBPL towards recoupment of loss arising out of the third party overdue for which recovery is less probable. As and when the Company recovers any amount against such overdue, or any part thereof, from the respective customers, the Company is required to pay to BBPL such amounts so recovered. Accordingly, the amount recovered from BBPL is recognized as “Other financial liabilities” in Note 18.

a) Rights, preferences and restrictions attached to Equity Shares:

The Company has one class of Equity Shares having a par value of'' 10/- per share. Each Shareholder is eligible for one vote per share held. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the Shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting. In the event of liquidation, the Equity Shareholders are eligible to receive the remaining assets of the Company after distribution of all preferential amounts, in proportion to their shareholding.

c) Pursuant to the approval of the Board of Directors on June 3, 2015 and Shareholders of the Company through postal ballot, results of which were declared on July 20, 2015, the Company bought back 1,265,000 equity shares (representing 3.45% of the equity capital) at a price of'' 4,000/- per equity share aggregating to 5,060 through the tender offer route, in terms of Public Announcement dated July 22, 2015. After extinguishment of 1,265,000 Equity Shares on October 26, 2015, the Issued, Subscribed and Paid-up Equity Capital of the Company reduced from 36,619,001 equity shares to 35,354,001 equity shares.

Accordingly: (i) the face value of issued, subscribed and paid-up equity share capital was reduced by 12; (ii) 12 had been transferred from Surplus in Statement of Profit and Loss to Capital Redemption Reserve as per the provision of Section 69(1) of the Companies Act, 2013; (iii) the premium aggregating to 5,048 had been adjusted from the Surplus in Statement of Profit and Loss during the year ended March 31, 2016.

Figures shown in brackets are in respect of previous year.

b) Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encased within 12 months from the end of the year end are treated as short term employee benefits for measurement purpose. The obligation towards the same is measured at the expected cost of accumulating compensated absences as the additional amount expected to be paid as a result of the unused entitlement as at the year end. Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encased beyond 12 months from the end of the year end are treated as other long term employee benefits for measurement purpose. The Company’s liability is actuarially determined by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method at the end of each year. Actuarial losses/ gains are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

c) Provisions for other employee benefits mainly include those recorded for performance based bonus, variable payments and long-service awards.

d) Other Provision represents:

i) Provision for estimates made for probable liabilities/ claims arising out of pending disputes, litigations/ commercial transactions with statutory authorities/ third parties. The outflow with regard to the said matters depends on the exhaustion of remedies available to the Company under the law and hence the Company is not able to reasonably ascertain the timing of the outflow and hence expected utilization is considered as more than 5 years.

During the year, 26 (Previous Year 26) is recognized under the head “Finance Costs” [Refer Note 26] as an additional provision towards Commercial and Other Matters.

ii) Provision for anticipated sales return. This is recognized on a net basis at the gross margin on the sales. Revenue is adjusted for the expected value of the returns and cost of sales are adjusted for the value of the corresponding goods to be returned. It is expected to be utilized within 12 months from the end of the year.

iii) Provision for trade discount, cash discount and incentive schemes. It is expected to be utilized within 12 months from the end of the year.

e) Employee Benefit Obligation:

Disclosure as required under Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) 19 - Employee Benefits

A. Defined contribution plan:

The Company’s defined contribution plans are superannuation, employees’ state insurance scheme and provident fund administered by Government since the Company has no further obligation beyond making the contributions.

B. Defined benefit obligation:

The Company provides for gratuity for employees as per the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972/ Company policy. Employees who are in continuous service for a period of 5 years or more are eligible for gratuity. The amount of gratuity payable on retirement/ termination is the employee’s last drawn salary per month computed proportionately as per Gratuity Act or Company policy multiplied for the number of years of service. Quantum of gratuity benefits may vary depending on the eligible employee’s date ofjoining and salary grade.

The plan asset for the funded gratuity plan is administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India (‘LIC’) as per the investment pattern stipulated for Pension and Group Schemes fund by Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority regulations i.e. 100% of plan assets are invested in insurer managed fund. Quoted price of the same is not available in active market.


Mar 31, 2015

(a) Basis of Accounting

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India under the historical cost convention on accrual basis. Pursuant to Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, till the standards of accounting or any addendum thereto are prescribed by Central Government in consultation and recommendation of the National Financial Reporting Authority, the existing Accounting Standards notified under the Companies Act, 1956 shall continue to apply. Consequently, these financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material aspects with the Accounting Standards notified under Section 211(3C) [Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, as amended] and other relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non*current as per the Company's operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and the realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current/ non*current classification of assets and liabilities.

(b) Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles in India requires, the Management to make estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) and the reported income and expenses during the year. The Management believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could differ from these estimates and the differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognised in the periods in which the results are known/ materialise.

(c) Tangible Assets

Tangible Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation/ impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises of cost of acquisition, cost of improvements and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for intended use.

Subsequent expenditures related to an item of tangible asset are added to its book value only if they increase the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.

Items of Tangible Assets that have been retired from active use and are held for disposal are stated at the lower of their net book value and net realisable value and are shown separately in the financial statements. Any expected loss is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Losses arising from the retirement of, and gains or losses arising from disposal of tangible assets which are carried at cost are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Depreciation is provided on the straight*line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as per the rates prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

Leasehold Land and Leasehold Improvement are amortised over the period of lease except for the lease with perpetual rights. Depreciation on assets costing Rs. 5,000/* or less is provided at the rate of 100% in the year of acquisition of the assets.

(d) Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets are stated at cost of acquisition/ development less accumulated amortisation/ impairment losses, if any.

Goodwill, Technical Knowhow and Computer Software are amortised on straight line basis over a period of three to five years.

Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of an intangible assets are determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the assets and recognised as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Intangible Assets under development represent costs incurred towards the computer software for which development/ customisation is in progress.

(e) Borrowing Costs

General and specific borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred.

(f) Impairment of Assets

Assessment is done at each Balance Sheet date as to whether there is any indication that an asset (tangible and intangible) may be impaired. For the purpose of assessing impairment, the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets, is considered as a cash generating unit. If any such indication exists, an estimate of the recoverable amount of the asset/ cash generating unit is made. Assets whose carrying value exceeds their recoverable amount are written down to the recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is higher of an asset's or cash generating unit's net selling price and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Assessment is also done at each Balance Sheet date as to whether there is any indication that an impairment loss recognised for an asset in prior accounting periods may no longer exist or may have decreased.

(g) Investments

Investments that are readily realisable and are intended to be held for not more than one year from the date, on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long term investments. Current investments are carried at cost and fair value, whichever is lower. Long*term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of the investments, such reduction being determined and made for each investment individually.

Investment in Land that is not intended to be occupied substantially for use by, or in the operations of the Company, has been classified as investment property. Investment properties are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation, if any.

(h) Inventories

Inventories are stated at lower of cost and net realisable value. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make sale.

Cost of raw materials, packing materials and traded goods are determined on Weighted Average Method.

Cost of finished goods and semi*finished goods include cost of raw materials and packing materials, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition.

(i) Foreign Currency Transactions

Transactions denominated in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transactions. Exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the year are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency are translated at the year*end at the closing exchange rate and the resultant exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Non*monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost.

The premium or discount on forward exchange contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract.

(j) Revenue Recognition

Sale of goods is recognised when the property and all significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer and no significant uncertainty exists regarding the amount of consideration that is derived from the sale of goods and these are inclusive of excise duty but net of trade discounts, rebates and sales tax.

Interest Income is accounted on accrual basis and dividend income is accounted when right to receive payment is established.

Recoveries from Group Companies and Third Parties include recoveries towards common facilities/ resources, information technology and other support provided to such parties which is recognised as per terms of agreement.

(k) Employee Benefits

a. Defined Contribution Plans:

The Company has Defined Contribution plans for post employment benefits namely Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund which are administered through appropriate authorities/ trustees.

The Company contributes to a Government administered Provident Fund, Employees' Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme and Family Pension Fund on behalf of its employees and has no further obligation beyond making its contribution.

The Superannuation Fund applicable to certain employees is a defined contribution plan as the Company makes contributions to Managerial employees' Superannuation Scheme which is administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India ('LIC') and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to the insurance company.

The Company makes contributions to State plans namely Employees' State Insurance Fund and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to them.

The Company's contributions to the above funds are expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss every year.

b. Defined Benefit Plans:

The Company has a Defined Benefit plan namely Gratuity covering its employees and Pension for certain employees. The Gratuity scheme is funded through Group Gratuity *cum *Life Assurance Scheme which is administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India ('LIC') and Pension plan is an unfunded scheme.

(k) Employee Benefits (contd.)

The liability for the defined benefit plan of Gratuity and Pension is provided based on an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary at the year*end using Projected Unit Credit Method.

c. Termination benefits in the nature of voluntary retirement benefits are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.

d. Actuarial gains and losses comprise experience adjustments and the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as income or expense.

e. Other Employee Benefits:

The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences and long service awards as per the policy of the Company.

Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed within 12 months from the end of the year end are treated as short term employee benefits for measurement purpose. The obligation towards the same is measured at the expected cost of accumulating compensated absences as the additional amount expected to be paid as a result of the unused entitlement as at the year end.

Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed beyond 12 months from the end of the year end are treated as other long term employee benefits for measurement purpose. The Company's liability is actuarially determined by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method at the end of each year. Actuarial losses/ gains are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

The liability in respect of long service award is provided, based on an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary as at the year*end using Projected Unit Credit Method.

(l) Operating Lease

As a lessee:

Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight*line basis over the period of the lease.

As a lessor:

The Company has leased certain tangible assets and such leases where the Company has substantially retained all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as operating leases. Lease income on such operating leases are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight line basis over the lease term which is representative of the time pattern in which benefit derived from the use of the leased asset is diminished. Initial direct costs are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred.

(m) Taxation

Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income*tax Act, 1961 enacted in India.

Deferred tax is recognised for all the timing differences, subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realized against future taxable profits.

(n) Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and there is a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation.

Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the Balance Sheet date and are not discounted to its presentvalue.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.

When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure as specified in Accounting Standard 29 * "Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets" is made.

Contingent Assets are not recognised in the financial statements.

(o) Cash and Cash Equivalents

In the Cash Flow Statement, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, balance with banks, demand deposits with banks, other short*term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.


Mar 31, 2014

(a) Basis of Accounting

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India under the historical cost convention on accrual basis. Pursuant to circular number 15/2013 dated September 13, 2013 read with circular number 08/2014 dated April 4, 2014, till the Standards of Accounting or any addendum thereto are prescribed by Central Government in consultation and recommendation of the National Financial Reporting Authority, the existing Accounting Standard notifi ed under the Companies Act, 1956 shall continue to apply. Consequently these financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material aspects with the accounting standards notifi ed under Section 211(3C) [Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, as amended] and other relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 (the Act).

All assets and liabilities have been classifi ed as current or non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Revised Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956. Based on the nature of products and the time between acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current/ non-current classifi cation of assets and liabilities.

(b) Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles in India requires, the Management to make estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) and the reported income and expenses during the year. The Management believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could differ from these estimates and the differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognised in the periods in which the results are known/ materialise.

(c) Tangible Assets

Tangible Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation/ impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises of cost of acquisition, cost of improvements and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for intended use.

Subsequent expenditures related to an item of Tangible Asset are added to its book value only if they increase the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.

Items of Tangible Assets that have been retired from active use and are held for disposal are stated at the lower of their net book value and net realisable value and are shown separately in the financial statements. Any expected loss is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Losses arising from the retirement of, and gains or losses arising from disposal of Tangible Assets which are carried at cost are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Depreciation on Tangible Assets is provided on Straight Line Method based on the following useful lives of the assets, which are lower than or equal to the implied useful lives arrived on the basis of the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Act.

Leasehold Land and Leasehold Improvement are amortised over the period of lease. Depreciation on assets costing Rs. 5,000/- or less is provided at the rate of 100% in the year of acquisition of the assets.

(d) Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortisation/ impairment losses, if any.

Goodwill, Technical Knowhow and Computer Software are amortised on straight line basis over a period of three to fi ve years.

Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of an Intangible Assets are determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the assets and recognised as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Intangible Assets under development represent costs incurred towards the computer software for which development/ customisation is in progress.

(e) Borrowing Costs

General and specifi c borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred.

(f) Impairment of Assets

Assessment is done at each Balance Sheet date as to whether there is any indication that an asset (tangible and intangible) may be impaired. For the purpose of assessing impairment, the smallest identifi able group of assets that generates cash infl ows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash infl ows from other assets or groups of assets, is considered as a cash generating unit. If any such indication exists, an estimate of the recoverable amount of the asset/ cash generating unit is made. Assets whose carrying value exceeds their recoverable amount are written down to the recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is higher of an asset''s or cash generating unit''s net selling price and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash fl ows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Assessment is also done at each Balance Sheet date as to whether there is any indication that an impairment loss recognised for an asset in prior accounting periods may no longer exist or may have decreased.

(g) Investments

Investments that are readily realisable and are intended to be held for not more than one year from the date, on which such investments are made, are classifi ed as current investments. All other investments are classifi ed as long-term investments. Current investments are carried at cost or fair value, whichever is lower. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of the investments, such reduction being determined and made for each investment individually.

Investment in Land or Buildings that are not intended to be occupied substantially for use by, or in the operations of the Company, have been classifi ed as investment property. Investment properties are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation, if any.

(h) Inventories

Inventories are stated at cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make sale.

Cost of raw materials, packing materials and traded goods are determined on Weighted Average Method.

Cost of fi nished goods and semi-fi nished goods include cost of raw materials and packing materials, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition.

(i) Foreign Currency Transactions

Transactions denominated in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transactions. Exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the year are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency are translated at the year-end at the closing exchange rate and the resultant exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Non-monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost.

The premium or discount on forward exchange contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract.

(j) Revenue Recognition

Sale of goods is recognised when the property and all signifi cant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer and no signifi cant uncertainty exists regarding the amount of consideration that is derived from the sale of goods and these are inclusive of excise duty but net of trade discounts, rebates and sales tax.

Interest Income is accounted on accrual basis and dividend income is accounted when right to receive payment is established.

Recoveries from Group Companies and Third Parties include recoveries towards common facilities/ resources, information technology and other support provided to such parties which is recognised as per terms of agreement.

(k) Employee Benefits

a. Defi ned Contribution Plans:

The Company has Defi ned Contribution plans for post employment benefi ts namely Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund which are administered through appropriate authorities/ trustees.

The Company contributes to a Government administered Provident Fund, Employees'' Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme and Family Pension Fund on behalf of its employees and has no further obligation beyond making its contribution.

The Superannuation Fund applicable to certain employees is a defi ned contribution plan as the Company makes contributions to Managerial employees'' Superannuation Scheme which is administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India (''LIC'') and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to the insurance company.

The Company makes contributions to State plans namely Employees'' State Insurance Fund and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to them.

The Company''s contributions to the above funds are expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss every year.

b. Defi ned Benefit Plans:

The Company has a Defi ned Benefit plan namely Gratuity covering its employees and Pension for certain employees. The Gratuity scheme is funded through Group Gratuity-cum-Life Assurance Scheme which is administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India (''LIC'') and Pension plan is an unfunded scheme.

The liability for the defi ned benefit plan of Gratuity and Pension is provided based on an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary at the year-end using Projected Unit Credit Method.

c. Termination benefits in the nature of voluntary retirement benefi ts are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.

d. Actuarial gains and losses comprise experience adjustments and the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as income or expense.

e. Other Employee Benefits:

The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences and long service awards as per the policy of the Company.

Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed within 12 months from the end of the year end are treated as short term employee benefits for measurement purpose. The obligation towards the same is measured at the expected cost of accumulating compensated absences as the additional amount expected to be paid as a result of the unused entitlement as at the year-end.

Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed beyond 12 months from the end of the year end are treated as other long term employee benefits for measurement purpose. The Company''s liability is actuarially determined by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method at the end of each year. Actuarial losses/ gains are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

The liability in respect of long service award is provided, based on an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary as at the year-end using Projected Unit Credit Method.

(l) Operating Lease

As a lessee:

Leases in which a signifi cant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classifi ed as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight line basis over the period of the lease.

As a lessor:

The Company has leased certain tangible assets and such leases where the Company has substantially retained all the risks and rewards of ownership are classifi ed as operating leases. Lease income on such operating leases are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight line basis over the lease term which is representative of the time pattern in which benefit derived from the use of the leased asset is diminished. Initial direct costs are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred.

(m) Taxation

Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India.

Deferred tax is recognised for all the timing differences, subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that there is a reasonable certainty that suffi cient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realized against future taxable profits.

(n) Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outfl ow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and there is a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation.

Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the Balance Sheet date and are not discounted to its present value.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confi rmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outfl ow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.

When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that the likelihood of outfl ow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure as specifi ed in Accounting Standard 29 - "Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets" is made.

Contingent Assets are not recognised in the financial statements.

(o) Cash and Cash Equivalents

In the Cash Flow Statement, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, balance with banks, demand deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.


Mar 31, 2013

(a) Basis of Accounting

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India under the historical cost convention on accrual basis. These financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material aspects with the accounting standards notified under Section 211(3C) [Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, as amended] and other relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 (the Act).

(b) Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles in India requires, the Management to make estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) and the reported income and expenses during the year. The Management believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could differ from these estimates and the differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognised in the periods in which the results are known/ materialise.

(c) Tangible Assets

Tangible Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation/ impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises of cost of acquisition, cost of improvements and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for intended use.

Subsequent expenditures related to an item of tangible asset are added to its book value only if they increase the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.

Items of Tangible Assets that have been retired from active use and are held for disposal are stated at the lower of their net book value and net realisable value and are shown separately in the financial statements. Any expected loss is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Losses arising from the retirement of, and gains or losses arising from disposal of tangible assets which are carried at cost are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Depreciation on tangible assets is provided on Straight Line method based on the following useful lives of the assets, which are lower than or equal to the implied useful lives arrived on the basis of the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Act.

Leasehold Land and Leasehold Improvement are amortised over the period of lease. Depreciation on assets costing Rs. 5,000/- or less is provided at the rate of 100% in the year of acquisition of the assets.

(d) Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortisation/ impairment losses, if any.

Goodwill, Technical Knowhow and Computer Software are amortised over a period of three to five years.

Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of an intangible assets are determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the assets and recognised as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Intangible Assets under development represent costs incurred towards the computer software for which development/ customisation is in progress.

(e) Borrowing Costs

General and specific borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred.

(f) Impairment of Assets

Assessment is done at each Balance Sheet date as to whether there is any indication that an asset (tangible and intangible) may be impaired. For the purpose of assessing impairment, the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets, is considered as a cash generating unit. If any such indication exists, an estimate of the recoverable amount of the asset/ cash generating unit is made. Assets whose carrying value exceeds their recoverable amount are written down to the recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is higher of an asset''s or cash generating unit''s net selling price and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Assessment is also done at each Balance Sheet date as to whether there is any indication that an impairment loss recognised for an asset in prior accounting periods may no longer exist or may have decreased.

(g) Investments

Investments that are readily realisable and are intended to be held for not more than one year from the date, on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long term investments. Current investments are carried at cost or fair value, whichever is lower. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of the investments, such reduction being determined and made for each investment individually.

Investment in Land or Buildings that are not intended to be occupied substantially for use by, or in the operations of the Company, have been classified as investment property. Investment properties are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation, if any.

(h) Inventories

Inventories are stated at cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make sale.

Cost of raw materials, packing materials and traded goods are determined on Weighted Average Method.

Cost of finished goods and semi-finished goods include cost of raw materials and packing materials, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition.

(i) Foreign Currency Transactions

Transactions denominated in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transactions. Exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the year are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency are translated at the year-end at the closing exchange rate and the resultant exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Non-monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost.

The premium or discount on forward exchange contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract.

(j) Revenue Recognition

Sale of goods is recognised when the property and all significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer and no significant uncertainty exists regarding the amount of consideration that is derived from the sale of goods and these are inclusive of excise duty but net of trade discounts, rebates and sales tax.

Interest Income is accounted on accrual basis and dividend income is accounted when right to receive payment is established.

Service Charges represent recoveries from Group Companies and Third Parties towards common facilities/ resources, information technology and other support provided to such parties which is recognised as per terms of agreement.

(k) Employee Benefits

a. Defined Contribution Plans:

The Company has Defined Contribution plans for post employment benefits namely Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund which are administered through appropriate authorities/ trustees.

The Company contributes to a Government administered Provident Fund, Employees'' Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme and Family Pension Fund on behalf of its employees and has no further obligation beyond making its contribution.

The Superannuation Fund applicable to certain employees is a defined contribution plan as the Company makes contributions to Managerial employees'' Superannuation Scheme which is administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India (''LIC'') and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to the insurance company.

The Company makes contributions to State plans namely Employees'' State Insurance Fund and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to them.

The Company''s contributions to the above funds are expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss every year.

b. Defined Benefit Plans: .

The Company has a Defined Benefit plan namely Gratuity covering its employees and Pension for certain employees. The Gratuity scheme is funded through Group Gratuity-cum-Life Assurance Scheme which is administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India (''LIC'') and Pension plan is an unfunded scheme.

The liability for the defined benefit plan of Gratuity and Pension is provided based on an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary at the year-end using Projected Unit Credit Method.

c. Termination benefits are recognised as an expense as and when incurred.

d. Actuarial gains and losses comprise experience adjustments and the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as income or expense.

e. Other Employee Benefits:

The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences and long service awards as per the policy of the Company.

Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed within 12 months from the end of the year end are treated as short term employee benefits for measurement purpose. The obligation towards the same is measured at the expected cost of accumulating compensated absences as the additional amount expected to be paid as a result of the unused entitlement as at the year end.

Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed beyond 12 months from the end of the year end are treated as other long term employee benefits for measurement purpose. The Company''s liability is actuarially determined by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method at the end of each year. Actuarial losses/ gains are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

The liability in respect of long service award is provided, based on an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary as at the year-end using Projected Unit Credit Method.

(I) Operating Lease

As a lessee: ;

Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease.

As a lessor:

The Company has leased certain tangible assets and such leases where the Company has substantially retained all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as operating leases. Lease income on such operating leases are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term which is representative of the time pattern in which benefit derived from the use of the leased asset is diminished. Initial direct costs are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred.

(m) Taxation

Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India.

Deferred tax is recognised for all the timing differences, subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realized against future taxable profits.

(n) Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and there is a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation.

Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the Balance Sheet date and are not discounted to its present value.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.

When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure as specified in Accounting Standard 29 - "Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets" is made.

Contingent Assets are not recognised in the financial statements.

(o) Cash and Cash Equivalents

In the Cash Flow Statement, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, balance with banks, demand deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.


Mar 31, 2012

(a) Basis of Accounting

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India under the historical cost convention on accrual basis. These financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material aspects with the accounting standards notified under Section 211 (3C) of the Companies Act, 1956 (the Act) and the other relevant provisions of the Act.

(b) Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles in India requires, the Management to make estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) and the reported income and expenses during the year. The Management believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could differ than these estimates and the differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognised in the periods in which the results are known/ materialise.

(c) Tangible Assets

Tangible Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation/ impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises of cost of acquisition, cost of improvements and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for intended use.

Subsequent expenditures related to an item of tangible asset are added to its book value only if they increase the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.

Items of Tangible Assets that have been retired from active use and are held for disposal are stated at the lower of their net book value and net realisable value and are shown separately in the financial statements. Any expected loss is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Losses arising from the retirement of, and gains or losses arising from disposal of tangible assets which are carried at cost are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Depreciation on tangible assets is provided on Straight Line method based on the following useful lives of the assets, which are lower than or equal to the implied useful lives arrived on the basis of the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Act.

Leasehold Land and Leasehold Improvement are amortised over the period of lease. Depreciation on assets costing Rs. 5,000/- or less is provided at the rate of 100% in the year of acquisition of the assets.

(d) Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortisation/ impairment losses, if any.

Goodwill, Technical Knowhow and Computer Software are amortised over a period of three to five years.

Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of an intangible assets are determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the assets and recognised as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Intangible Assets under development represent costs incurred towards the computer software for which development/ customisation is in progress.

(e) Borrowing Costs

General and specific borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred.

(f) Impairment of Assets

Assessment is done at each Balance Sheet date as to whether there is any indication that an asset (tangible and intangible) may be impaired. For the purpose of assessing impairment, the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets, is considered as a cash generating unit. If any such indication exists, an estimate of the recoverable amount of the asset/ cash generating unit is made. Assets whose carrying value exceeds their recoverable amount are written down to the recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is higher of an asset's or cash generating unit's net selling price and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Assessment is also done at each Balance Sheet date as to whether there is any indication that an impairment loss recognised for an asset in prior accounting periods may no longer exist or may have decreased.

(g) Investments

Investments that are readily realisable and are intended to be held for not more than one year from the date, on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long term investments. Current investments are carried at cost or fair value, whichever is lower. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of the investments, such reduction being determined and made for each investment individually.

Investment in Land or Buildings that are not intended to be occupied substantially for use by, or in the operations of the Company, have been classified as investment property. Investment properties are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation, if any.

(h) Inventories

Inventories are stated at cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make sale.

Cost of raw materials, packing materials and traded goods are determined on Weighted Average method.

Cost of finished goods and semi-finished goods include cost of raw materials and packing materials, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition.

(i) Foreign Currency Transactions

Transactions denominated in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transactions. Exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the year are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency are translated at the year-end at the closing exchange rate and the resultant exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Non-monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost.

The premium or discount on forward exchange contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract.

(j) Revenue Recognition

Sale of goods is recognised when the property and all significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer and no significant uncertainty exists regarding the amount of consideration that is derived from the sale of goods and these are inclusive of excise duty but net of trade discounts, rebates and sales tax.

Interest Income is accounted on accrual basis and dividend income is accounted when right to receive payment is established.

Service Charges represent recoveries from Group Companies and Third Parties towards common facilities/ resources, information technology and other support provided to such parties which is recognised as per terms of agreement.

(k) Employee Benefits

a. Defined Contribution Plans:

The Company has Defined Contribution plans for post employment benefits namely Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund which are administered through appropriate authorities/trustees.

The Company contributes to a Government administered Provident Fund, Employees' Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme and Family Pension Fund on behalf of its employees and has no further obligation beyond making its contribution.

The Superannuation Fund applicable to certain employees is a defined contribution plan as the Company makes contributions to Managerial employees' Superannuation Scheme which is administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India ('LIC') and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to the insurance company.

The Company makes contributions to State plans namely Employees' State Insurance Fund and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to them.

The Company's contributions to the above funds are expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss every year.

(k) Employee Benefits (contd.)

b. Defined Benefit Plans:

The Company has a Defined Benefit plan namely Gratuity covering its employees and Pension for certain employees. The gratuity scheme is funded through Group Gratuity-cum-Life Assurance Scheme which is administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India ('LIC') and Pension plan is an unfunded scheme.

The liability for the Defined Benefit plan of Gratuity and Pension is provided based on an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary at the year-end using Projected Unit Credit Method.

c. Termination benefits are recognised as an expense as and when incurred.

d. Actuarial gains and losses comprise experience adjustments and the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as income or expense.

e. Other Employee Benefits:

The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences and long service awards as per the policy of the Company.

Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed within 12 months from the end of the year-end are treated as short-term employee benefits for measurement purpose. The obligation towards the same is measured at the expected cost of accumulating compensated absences as the additional amount expected to be paid as a result of the unused entitlement as at the year-end.

Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed beyond 12 months from the end of the year-end are treated as other long-term employee benefits for measurement purpose. The Company's liability is actuarially determined by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method at the end of each year. Actuarial losses/ gains are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

The liability in respect of long service award is provided, based on an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary as at the year-end using Projected Unit Credit Method.

(I) Operating Lease

As a lessee:

Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease.

As a lessor:

The Company has leased certain tangible assets and such leases where the Company has substantially retained all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as operating leases. Lease income on such operating leases are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term which is representative of the time pattern in which benefit derived from the use of the leased asset is diminished. Initial direct costs are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred.

(m) Taxation

Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961, enacted in India.

Deferred tax is recognised for all the timing differences, subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realised against future taxable profits.

(n) Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and there is a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation.

Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the Balance Sheet date and are not discounted to its present value.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made, is termed as a contingent liability.

When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure as specified in Accounting Standard 29 - "Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets" is made.

Contingent Assets are not recognised in the financial statements.

(o) Cash and Cash Equivalents

In the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents includes cash in hand, demand deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.


Mar 31, 2011

(a) Basis of Accounting

These financial statements have been prepared under historical cost convention from the books of accounts maintained on an accrual basis in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in India and comply with the accounting standards notified under Section 211 (3C) of the Companies Act, 1956 (the Act) and the relevant provisions of the Act.

(b) Fixed Assets and Depreciation/ Amortisation

Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less depreciation. Cost comprises of cost of acquisition, cost of improvements and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for intended use.

Leasehold Land and Leasehold Improvement are amortised over the period of lease. Depreciation on assets costing Rs. 5,000 or less is provided at the rate of 100% in the year of acquisition of the assets.

Goodwill, Technical Knowhow and Software are amortised over a period of three to five years.

(c) Investments

Long term investments are stated at cost and provision is made for diminution, other than temporary, in value of investments. Current investments are valued at lower of cost and market value/ net asset value.

(d) Inventories

Inventories are stated at cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower.

Cost of raw materials, packing materials and traded goods are determined on Weighted Average method.

Cost of finished goods and semi-finished goods include cost of raw materials and packing materials, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition.

(e) Revenue Recognition

Sales are accounted for inclusive of excise duty but excluding sales tax, rebates and trade discounts.

Revenue is recognised when the property and all significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer and no significant uncertainty exists regarding the amount of consideration that is derived from the sale of goods.

Interest Income is accounted on accrual basis and dividend income is accounted when right to receive payment is established.

Recoveries from group companies and third parties include recoveries towards common facilities/ resources, Information Technology and other support provided to such parties which is recognised as per terms of agreement.

(f) Foreign Currency Transactions

Transactions denominated in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transactions. Exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the year are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency are translated at the year-end at the closing exchange rate and the resultant exchange differences are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. Non-monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost.

The premium or discount on forward exchange contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract.

(g) Employee Benefits

a. Defined Contribution Plans:

The Company has Defined Contribution plans for post employment benefits namely Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund which are administered through appropriate authorities/ trustees.

The Company contributes to a Government administered Provident Fund, Employees' Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme and Family Pension Fund on behalf of its employees and has no further obligation beyond making its contribution.

The Superannuation Fund applicable to certain employees is a defined contribution plan as the Company makes contributions to Managerial employees' Superannuation Scheme which is administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India ('LIC') and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to the insurance company.

The Company makes contributions to State plans namely Employees' State Insurance Fund and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to them.

The Company's contributions to the above funds are charged to revenue every year.

b. Defined Benefit Plans:

The Company has a Defined Benefit plan namely Gratuity covering its employees and Pension for certain employees. The gratuity scheme is funded through Group Gratuity-cum-Life Assurance Scheme which is administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India ('LIC) and Pension plan is an unfunded scheme.

The liability for the Defined Benefit plan of Gratuity and Pension is provided based on an actuarial valuation at the year-end using Projected Unit Credit Method.

c. Termination benefits are recognised as an expense as and when incurred.

d. Actuarial gains and losses comprise experience adjustments and the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Profit and Loss Account as income or expense.

e. Other Employee Benefits:

The employees of the Company are entitled to leave encashment and long service awards as per the policy of the Company. The liability in respect of the same is provided, based on an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary as at the year-end using Projected Unit Credit Method. Short term compensated absences, if any are provided on cost to Company basis.

(h) Taxation

Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income for the year. Deferred Tax is recognised, subject to the consideration of prudence, on timing differences being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred Tax Asset is not recognised unless there are timing differences, the reversal of which will result in sufficient income or there is virtual certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realised.

(i) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing cost directly related to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset is capitalised as part of the cost of that asset. Other borrowing costs are charged to the Profit and Loss Account.

(j) Operating Lease

Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Initial direct costs are charged to Profit and Loss Account as and when incurred.

(k) Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

The Company recognises a provision when there is a present obligation as a result of a past event that probably requires an outflow of resources and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure as specified in Accounting Standard 29 -" Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets" is made.

Contingent Assets are not recognised in the financial statements.

(l) Impairment of Assets

The Company assesses at each Balance Sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. If such recoverable amount of the asset or recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. If at the Balance Sheet date there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount.


Mar 31, 2010

(a) Basis of Accounting

These fi nancial statements have been prepared under historical cost convention from the books of account maintained on an accrual basis in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in India and comply with the accounting standards notified under Section 211(3C) of the Companies Act, 1956 (the Act) and the relevant provisions of the Act.

(b) Fixed Assets and Depreciation/ Amortisation

Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less depreciation. Cost comprises of cost of acquisition, cost of improvements and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for intended use.

Depreciation on tangible assets is provided on Straight Line method at the following rates, which are higher than or equal to the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Act.

Leasehold Land and Leasehold Improvement are amortised over the period of lease. Depreciation on assets costing Rs. 5,000 or less is provided at the rate of 100% in the year of acquisition of the assets.

Goodwill, Technical Knowhow and Software are amortised over a period of three years.

(c) Investments

Long term investments are stated at cost and provision is made for diminution, other than temporary, in value of investments. Current investments are valued at lower of cost or market value/ net asset value.

(d) Inventories

Inventories are stated at cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower.

Cost of raw materials, packing materials and traded goods are determined on Weighted Average method.

Cost of fi nished goods and semi-finished goods include cost of raw materials and packing materials, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition.

(e) Revenue Recognition

Sales are accounted for inclusive of excise duty but excluding sales tax, rebates and trade discounts.

Revenue is recognised when the property and all signifi cant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer and no signifi cant uncertainty exists regarding the amount of consideration that is derived from the sale of goods.

Interest Income is accounted on accrual basis and dividend income is accounted when right to receive payment is established.

Recovery from group companies and third parties includes recoveries towards common facilities/ resources, Information Technology and other support provided to such parties which is recognised as per terms of agreement.

(f) Foreign Currency Transactions

Transactions denominated in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transactions. Exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the year are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency are translated at the year-end at the closing exchange rate and the resultant exchange differences are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. Non-monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost.

The premium or discount on forward exchange contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract.

(g) Employee Benefi ts

(a) Defi ned Contribution Plans:

The Company has Defi ned Contribution plans for post employment benefits namely Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund which are administered through appropriate authorities/ trustees.

The Company contributes to a Government administered Provident Fund, Employees Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme and Family Pension Fund on behalf of its employees and has no further obligation beyond making its contribution.

The Superannuation Fund applicable to certain employees is a defined contribution plan as the Company makes contributions to Offi cers Superannuation Scheme which is administered by an insurance company and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to the insurance company.

The Company makes contributions to State plans namely Employees State Insurance Fund and has no further obligation beyond making the payment to them.

The Companys contributions to the above funds are charged to revenue every year.

b) Defined Benefit Plans:

The Company has a Defined Benefit plan namely Gratuity covering its employees and Pension for certain employees. The gratuity scheme is funded through Group Gratuity-cum-Life Assurance Scheme which is administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India (‘LIC) and Pension plan is an unfunded scheme.

The liability for the defined benefit plan of Gratuity and Pension is provided based on an actuarial valuation at the year-end using Projected Unit Credit Method.

(c) Termination benefits are recognised as an expense as and when incurred.

(d) Actuarial gains and losses comprise experience adjustments and the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Profit and Loss Account as income or expense.

(e) Other Employee Benefits:

The employees of the Company are entitled to leave encashment and long service awards as per the policy of the Company. The liability in respect of the same is provided, based on an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary as at the year-end using Projected Unit Credit Method. Short term compensated absences, if any, are provided on cost to Company basis.

(h) Taxation

Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income for the year. Deferred Tax is recognised, subject to the consideration of prudence, on timing differences being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred Tax Asset is not recognised unless there are timing differences, the reversal of which will result in sufficient income or there is virtual certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realised.

(i) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing cost directly related to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset is capitalised as part of the cost of that asset. Other borrowing costs are charged to the Profit and Loss Account.

(j) Operating Lease

Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight- line basis over the lease term. Initial direct costs are charged to Profit and Loss Account as and when incurred.

(k) Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

The Company recognises a provision when there is a present obligation as a result of a past event that probably requires an outfl ow of resources and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outfl ow of resources. When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that the likelihood of outfl ow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure as specified in Accounting Standard 29 – "Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets" is made.

Contingent Assets are not recognised in the financial statements.

(l) Impairment of Assets

The Company assesses at each Balance Sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. If such recoverable amount of the asset or recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. If at the Balance Sheet date there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount.

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