Mar 31, 2023
Corporate Information
The accompanying financial statements comprise the financial statements of Bharat Electronics Limited (the Company). The Company is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Bharat Electronics Limited''s shares are listed on two recognised stock exchanges in India. The registered office and principal place of business of the Company is located at Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
The Company is a public sector enterprise under the administrative control of the Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence. Bharat Electronics Limited manufactures and supplies electronic equipment and systems to defence sector. Other than defence sector, the Company has also got a limited presence in the civilian market.
Significant Accounting Policies1. Basis of Preparation
The financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (GAAP) comprises the mandatory Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) [as notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015], as amended from time to time, to the extent applicable, the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 and these have been consistently applied.
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that the management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liability and contingent assets as at the date of financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Although such estimates are made on a reasonable and prudent basis taking into account of all available information, actual results could differ from these estimates and such differences are recognised in the period in which the results are ascertained.
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value:
⢠Derivative financial instruments, if any
⢠Financial assets and liabilities that are qualified to be measured at fair value
⢠The defined benefit asset / liability is recognised as the present value of defined benefit obligation less fair value of plan assets.
4. Functional and Presentation Currency
The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR) which is the functional and the presentation currency of the Company.
A. Revenue from Contract with Customers
i. Revenue is recognised when (or as) the company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised goods or services (i.e., an Asset) to a Customer.
ii. Satisfaction of performance obligation over time
a. Revenue is recognised overtime where the transfer of control of goods or services take places over time by measuring the progress towards complete satisfaction of that performance obligation, if one of the following criteria is met:
⢠the company''s performance entitles the customer to receive and consume the benefits simultaneously as the company performs
⢠the company''s performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced
⢠the company''s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the company and the company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.
b. Progress made towards satisfying a performance obligation is assessed based on the ratio of actual costs incurred on the contract up to the reporting date to the estimated total costs expected to complete the contract. If the outcome of the performance obligation cannot be estimated reliably and where it is probable that the costs will be recovered, revenue is recognised to the extent of costs incurred.
c. I n case of AMC contracts, where passage of time is the criteria for satisfaction of performance
obligation, revenue is recognised using the output method.
iii. Satisfaction of performance obligation at a point in time
a. I n respect of cases where the transfer of control does not take place over time, the company recognises the revenue at a point in time when it satisfies the performance obligations.
b. The performance obligation is satisfied when the customer obtains control of the asset. The indicators for transfer of control include the following:
⢠the company has transferred physical possession of the asset
⢠the customer has legal title to the asset
⢠the customer has accepted the asset
⢠when the company has a present right to payment for the asset
⢠the customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset. The transfer of significant risks and rewards ownership is assessed based on the Inco- terms of the contracts.
Ex-Works contract - In case of Ex-works contract, revenue is recognised when the specified goods are unconditionally appropriated to the contract after prior Inspection and acceptance, if required.
FOR Contracts - In the case of FOR contracts, revenue is recognised when the goods are handed over to the carrier for transmission to the buyer after prior inspection and acceptance, if stipulated, and in the case of FOR destination contracts, if there is a reasonable expectation of the goods reaching destination within the accounting period.
c. Bill and hold Sales
Bill and hold sales is recognised when all the following criteria are met:
⢠the reason for the bill and hold sales is substantive
⢠the product is identified separately as belonging to the customer
⢠the product is currently ready for physical transfer to the customer
⢠the company does not have the ability to use the product or to direct it to another customer
iv. Measurement
a. Revenue is recognised at the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the performance obligation.
The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amount collected on behalf of third parties.
I n case of price escalation and ERV, revenue is recognised at most likely amount to be realised from customer in line with contractual terms.
b. In case where the contracts involve multiple performance obligations, the company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation on the relative stand-alone selling price basis.
Bundled Contracts - In case of a Bundled contract, where separate fee for installation and commissioning or any other separately identifiable component is not stipulated, the Company applies the recognition criteria to separately identifiable components (sale of goods and installation and commissioning, etc.) of the transaction and allocates the revenue to those separate components based on stand-alone selling price.
Multiple Elements - In cases where the installation and commissioning or any other separately identifiable component is stipulated and price for the same agreed separately, the Company applies the recognition criteria to separately identified components (sale of goods and installation and commissioning, etc.) of the transaction and allocates the revenue to those separate components based on their stand-alone selling price.
c. If the stand-alone selling price is not available the company estimates the stand alone selling price.
v. Penalties
Penalties (including levy of liquidated damages for delay
in delivery) specified in a contract are not treated as an
inherent part of Transaction Price if the levy of same is subject to review by the customer.
vi. Significant financing component
Advances received towards execution of Defence related projects are not considered for determining significant financing component since the objective is to protect the interest of the contracting parties.
In respect of other contracts, the existence of significant financing component is reviewed on a case to case basis.
B. Other Income
Recognition of other income is as follows:
i. Interest Income
I nterest income is recognised using the effective interest rate method.
ii. Dividend Income
Dividend income is recognised when the Company''s right to receive the payment is established.
iii. Rental Income
Rental income arising from operating leases is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless increase in rentals are in line with expected inflation or otherwise justified.
iv. Duty Drawbacks
Duty drawback claims on exports are accounted on accrual basis.
v. Other Income
Other income not specifically stated above is recognised on accrual basis.
6. Property, Plant and Equipment, Capital Work-in-Progress
Property, plant and equipment is initially measured at cost and subsequently at cost less accumulated depreciation and cumulative impairment losses, if any. Cost for this purpose includes all attributable costs for bringing the asset to its location and condition. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset
after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset, if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.
The cost of property, plant and equipment not ready for their intended use as at each reporting date is disclosed as capital work-in-progress.
Capital work-in-progress comprises supply-cum-erection contracts; the value of capital supplies received at site and accepted, capital goods in transit and under inspection.
7. Intangible Assets, Intangible Asset under Development
The cost of software (which is not an integral part of the related hardware) acquired for internal use and resulting in significant future economic benefits, is recognised as an Intangible Asset in the books of account when the same is ready for use. Intangible Assets that are not yet ready for their intended use as at the reporting date are classified as "Intangible Assets under Development".
Cost of Developmental work which is completed, wherever eligible, is recognised as an Intangible Asset.
Cost of Developmental work under progress, wherever eligible, is classified as "Intangible Assets under Development".
I ntangible Asset under Development includes amount funded by the company to external agencies towards developmental project(s) and expenditure incurred by the company towards material cost, employee cost and other direct expenditure.
I ntangible assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently at cost less accumulated amortisation and cumulative impairment losses, if any.
An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from their use or disposal. Gains or losses on derecognition of intangible assets, if any, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
8. Depreciation / Amortisation
Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The Company, based on technical assessments, depreciates certain
items of building, plant and equipment and other asset classes over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The Management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.
Where cost of a part of the asset is significant to total cost of the asset and estimated useful life of that part is different from the estimated useful life of the remaining asset, estimated useful life of that significant part is determined separately and the significant part is depreciated on straight-line basis over its estimated useful life.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation / amortisation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
I ntangible assets are amortised over their respective individual estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis, from the date that they are available for use. The residual values, useful lives and amortisation methods, are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
9. Disposal of Property, Plant and Equipment
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the property, plant and equipment (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds, if any, and the carrying amount of the property, plant and equipment) is included in the statement of profit and loss when the property, plant and equipment is derecognised.
10. Research and Development Expenditure
(i) Expenditure on Research activity is recognised as an expense in the period when it is incurred.
(ii) Development expenditure (other than on specific development - cum sales contracts and Developmental projects initiated at customer''s request), is charged off as expenditure when incurred. Developmental expenditure on
development - cum - sale contracts and on Developmental projects initiated at customer''s request are treated at par with other sales contracts.
Development expenditure incurred in respect of Joint development projects which are not fully compensated by the development partner are carried forward where the company is nominated as a production agency and future economic benefits are expected.
Developmental projects are reviewed periodically and the amount carried forward, if any, is charged off in the event of the project being declared closed by the customer / end user without any commitment to place order.
(iii) Expenditure incurred towards other developmental activity (including joint developmental activity in collaboration with external agencies) where the research results or other knowledge is applied for developing new or improved products or processes, are recognised as an Intangible Asset if the recognition criteria specified in Ind AS 38 are met and when the product or process developed is expected to be technically and commercially usable, the company has sufficient resources to complete development and subsequently use or sell the intangible asset, and the product or process is likely to generate future economic benefits.
(iv) Expenditure incurred on Developmental projects for participating in No Cost No Commitment (NCNC) trials, based on Request for Quote from customer, are carried forward till conclusion of the trials and will be amortised over the orders to be received.
In case customer order is immediately not forthcoming:
⢠the amount is capitalised if further economic benefit is expected from its use, or
⢠the amount is charged off in the event of the project being closed by the customer / end user without any commitment to place order.
11. Expenditure on Technical Know-How
Expenditure incurred on technical know-how is charged
off to Statement of Profit and Loss on incurrence unless
it qualifies for recognition as an Intangible Asset either separately on its own or in combination with other assets / expenses.
I nvestment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.
13. Impairment of Non-Financial Assets
The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or Cash Generating Unit''s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset in determining fair value less costs of disposal.
Reversal of impairment provision is made when there is an increase in the estimated service potential of an asset or Cash Generating Unit (CGU), either from use or sale, on reassessment after the date when impairment loss for that asset was last recognised.
Company as a Lessee:-
Contracts with third party, which give the company the right of use in respect of an Asset, are accounted in line with the provisions of Ind AS 116 - Leases, if the recognition criteria as specified in the Accounting standard are met.
Lease payments associated with Short terms leases and Leases in respect of Low value assets are charged off as expenses on straight line basis over lease term or other systematic basis, as applicable.
At commencement date, the value of "right of use" is capitalised at the present value of outstanding lease payments plus any initial direct cost and estimated cost, if any, of dismantling and removing the underlying asset and presented as part of property, plant and equipment.
Subsequent measurement of right-of-use asset is made using Cost model.
Liability for lease is created for an amount equivalent to the present value of outstanding lease payments and presented as Borrowing.
Each lease payment is allocated between the liability created and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to the Statement of Profit and loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.
The right-of-use asset is depreciated over the shorter of the asset''s useful life and the lease term on a straightline basis.
The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be determined, or the company''s incremental borrowing rate.
Lease modifications, if any are accounted as a separate lease if the recognition criteria specified in the standard are met.
Company as a lessor:
Leases are classified as operating lease or a finance lease based on the recognition criteria specified in Ind AS 116 - Leases.
a) Finance Lease:
At commencement date, amount equivalent to the "net investment in the lease" is presented as a Receivable. The implicit interest rate is used to measure the value of the "net investment in Lease".
Each lease payment is allocated between the Receivable created and finance income. The finance income is recognised in the Statement
of Profit and loss over the lease period so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in Lease.
The asset is tested for de-recognition and impairment requirements as per Ind AS 109 -Financial Instruments.
Lease modifications, if any are accounted as a separate lease if the recognition criteria specified in the standard are met.
b) Operating Lease:
The company recognises lease payments from operating leases as income on either a straight-line basis or another systematic basis, if required.
Lease modifications, if any are accounted as a separate lease if the recognition criteria specified in the standard are met.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. General borrowing costs are capitalised to qualifying assets by applying a capitalisation rate to the expenditure on that asset. The capitalisation rate is the weighted average of the borrowing costs applicable to general borrowings outstanding, other than specific borrowings. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
Grants from Government are measured at fair value and initially recognised as Deferred Income.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of acquisition of Fixed Asset is transferred to the credit of Statement of Profit and Loss in proportion to the depreciation charged on the respective assets to the extent attributable to Government Grants utilised for the acquisition.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of Revenue Expenses is transferred to the credit of Statement of Profit and Loss to the extent of expenditure incurred in the ratio of the funding to the total sanctioned cost, limited to the government grant received.
17. Investments in Joint Venture and Associates
The Company accounts for it''s interests in associates and joint ventures in the separate financial statements at cost.
All inventories of the Company other than disposable scrap are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. Disposable scrap is valued at estimated net realisable value. Cost of materials is ascertained by using the weighted average cost formula.
Cost of Work - in - progress and finished goods include Materials, Direct Labour and appropriate overheads.
Adequate provision is made for inventory which are more than five years old which may not be required for further use.
Income tax comprises of current and deferred tax.
(i) Current Income Tax
Current tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Current tax relating to items recognised directly in other comprehensive income or equity is recognised in other comprehensive income or equity respectively and not in the statement of profit and loss.
(ii) Deferred Tax
Deferred tax is provided using the Balance Sheet method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses to the extent
method and the carrying value of the provision contained in the balance sheet and provided for.
(iii) Incremental liability for payment of Gratuity and Employee Provident fund to employees is determined as the difference between present value of the obligation determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit Method and the Fair Value of Plan Assets funded in an approved trust set up for the purpose for which monthly contributions are made in the case of provident fund and lump sum contributions in the case of gratuity.
(iv) Incremental liability under BEL Retired Employees Contributory Health Scheme (BERECHS) is determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit Method and provided for.
(v) Actuarial liability for the year is determined with reference to employees at the end of January of each year.
(vi) Actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognised immediately in other comprehensive income (OCI). Net interest expense (income) on the net defined liability (asset) is computed by applying the discount rate, used to measure the net defined liability (asset), to the net defined liability (asset) at the start of the financial year after taking into account any changes as a result of contribution and benefit payments during the year. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in statement of profit and loss.
When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognised immediately in statement of profit and loss.
(vii) Payments of voluntary retirement benefits are charged off to revenue on incurrence.
(viii) Defined Contribution Plan
The Company operates employee pension scheme and superannuation pension scheme for its employees that are categorised as a defined contribution plans. For defined contribution plans, the Company pays contributions to independently administered funds
that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised.
Provision for expenditure on account of performance guarantee & replacement / repair of goods sold is made on the basis of trend based estimates.
I n cases where a trend is not ascertainable, provision for warranty is made based on the best estimates of management.
21. Foreign currency transactions and translation
Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at their respective currency exchange rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated to the functional currency by using the closing exchange rate at the reporting date. Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the dates of the initial transactions.
(i) All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the related services are classified as short term employee benefits and they mainly include (a) Wages & Salaries; (b) Short-term compensated absences; (c) Profit-sharing, incentives and bonuses and (d) Non-monetary benefits such as medical care, subsidised transport, canteen facilities etc., which are valued on undiscounted basis and recognised during the period in which the related services are rendered.
(ii) Incremental liability for payment of long term compensated absences such as Annual Leave, Sick Leave and Half Pay Leave is determined as the difference between present value of the obligation determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit
at a fixed percentage of employees'' pay. These contributions are recorded in the statement of profit and loss. The Company''s liability is limited to the extent of contributions made to these funds.
A. Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.
A provision for onerous contracts is recognised when the expected benefits to be derived by the Company from a contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract. The provision is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before a provision is established, the Company recognises any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.
I f the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
B. Contingent Liabilities/Assets
Contingent Liabilities/Assets to the extent the Management is aware, are disclosed by way of notes to the financial statements.
Cash flow statement has been prepared in accordance with the indirect method prescribed in Ind AS 7 -Statement of Cash Flows.
The Company measures certain financial instruments, such as derivatives and other items in it''s financial statements at fair value at each reporting date.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
Level 3 - Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy.
(i) Initial Recognition and Measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value. In the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset are included in the cost of the asset.
(ii) Subsequent Measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
⢠Debt instruments measured at amortised cost,
⢠Debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI),
⢠Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL),
⢠Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI).
the Company even if the same is taken up on appeal to higher authorities / courts.
c. Dues outstanding for significant period of time are reviewed and provision is made on a case to case basis.
Impairment loss allowance (or reversal) is recognised as expense / income in the statement of profit and loss.
31. Financial Liabilities
(i) Initial Recognition and Measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, at fair value through profit or loss as loans, borrowings, payables, or derivatives, as appropriate.
Loans, borrowings and payables, are stated net of transaction costs that are directly attributable to them.
(ii) Subsequent Measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Financial Liabilities at fair value through Profit or Loss:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined in Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
(iii) Loans and Borrowings
After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest Rate method (EIR). Gains and losses are recognised as profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.
(iii) Derecognition
A financial asset or part of a financial asset is derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired.
(iv) Trade and Other Receivables
Receivables are initially recognised at fair value, which in most cases approximates the nominal value. If there is any subsequent indication that those assets may be impaired, they are reviewed for impairment.
The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.
The embedded derivative, if required, is separated from host contract and measured at fair value.
Cash comprises of cash on hand and demand deposits. Cash equivalents are short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.
Bank overdrafts, if any, are classified as borrowings under current liabilities in the balance sheet.
30. Impairment of Financial Assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies the expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial assets with credit risk exposure.
a. Time barred dues from the government / government departments / government companies are generally not considered as increase in credit risk of such financial asset.
b. Where dues are disputed in legal proceedings, provision is made if any decision is given against
(iv) Trade and Other Payables
Liabilities are recognised for amounts to be paid in future for goods or services received, whether billed by the supplier or not.
32. Reclassification of Financial Instruments
The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively.
33. Offsetting of Financial Instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
34. Cash Dividend and Non-Cash distribution to Equity Holders
The Company recognises a liability to make cash or noncash distributions to equity holders when the distribution is authorised and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company.
The Company revises it''s accounting policies if the change is required due to a change in Ind AS or if the change will provide more relevant and reliable information to the users of the financial statements. Changes in
accounting policies are applied retrospectively, unless it is impracticable to apply.
A change in an accounting estimate that results in changes in the carrying amounts of recognised assets or liabilities or to statement of profit and loss is applied prospectively in the period(s) of change.
Discovery of material errors results in revisions retrospectively by restating the comparative amounts of assets, liabilities and equity of the earliest prior period in which the error is discovered. The opening balances of the earliest period presented are also restated.
The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share data for its ordinary shares. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for own shares held. Diluted earnings per share is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders and the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, adjusted for own shares held, for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.
37. Events after the Reporting Period
Adjusting events are events that provide further evidence of conditions that existed at the end of the reporting period. The financial statements are adjusted for such events before authorisation for issue.
Non-adjusting events are events that are indicative of conditions that arose after the end of the reporting period. Non-adjusting events after the reporting date are not accounted, but disclosed.
Mar 31, 2022
Corporate Information
The accompanying financial statements comprise the financial statements of Bharat Electronics Limited (the Company). The Company is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Bharat Electronics Limited''s shares are listed on two recognised stock exchanges in India. The registered office and principal place of business of the Company is located at Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
The Company is a public sector enterprise under the administrative control of the Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence. Bharat Electronics Limited manufactures and supplies electronic equipment and systems to defence sector. Other than defence sector, the Company has also got a limited presence in the civilian market.
Significant Accounting Policies
The financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (GAAP) comprises the mandatory Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) [as notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015], as amended from time to time, to the extent applicable, the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 and these have been consistently applied.
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that the management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liability and contingent assets as at the date of financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Although such estimates are made on a reasonable and prudent basis taking into account of all available information, actual results could differ from these estimates and such differences are recognised in the period in which the results are ascertained.
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value:
⢠Derivative financial instruments, if any
⢠Financial assets and liabilities that are qualified to be measured at fair value
⢠The defined benefit asset / liability is recognised as the present value of defined benefit obligation less fair value of plan assets.
The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR) which is the functional and the presentation currency of the Company.
A. Revenue from Contract with Customers
i. Revenue is recognised when (or as) the company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised goods or services (i.e., an Asset) to a Customer.
ii. Satisfaction of performance obligation over time
a. Revenue is recognised overtime where the transfer of control of goods or services take places over time by measuring the progress towards complete satisfaction of that performance obligation, if one of the following criteria is met:
⢠the company''s performance entitles the customer to receive and consume the benefits simultaneously as the company performs
⢠the company''s performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced
⢠the company''s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the company and the company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.
b. Progress made towards satisfying a performance obligation is assessed based on the ratio of actual costs incurred on the contract up to the reporting date to the estimated total costs expected to complete the contract. If the outcome of the performance obligation cannot be estimated reliably and where it is probable that the costs will be recovered, revenue is recognised to the extent of costs incurred.
c. I n case of AMC contracts, where passage of time is the criteria for satisfaction of performance obligation, revenue is recognised using the output method.
a. In respect of cases where the transfer of control does not take place over time, the company recognises the revenue at a point in time when it satisfies the performance obligations.
b. The performance obligation is satisfied when the customer obtains control of the asset. The indicators for transfer of control include the following:
⢠the company has transferred physical possession of the asset
⢠the customer has legal title to the asset
⢠the customer has accepted the asset
⢠when the company has a present right to payment for the asset
⢠the customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset. The transfer of significant risks and rewards ownership is assessed based on the Incoterms of the contracts.
Ex-Works contract - In case of Ex-works contract, revenue is recognised when the specified goods are unconditionally appropriated to the contract after prior Inspection and acceptance, if required.
FOR Contracts - In the case of FOR contracts, revenue is recognised when the goods are handed over to the carrier for transmission to the buyer after prior inspection and acceptance, if stipulated, and in the case of FOR destination contracts, if there is a reasonable expectation of the goods reaching destination within the accounting period.
c. Bill and hold Sales
Bill and hold sales is recognised when all the following criteria are met:
⢠the reason for the bill and hold sales is substantive
⢠the product is identified separately as belonging to the customer
⢠the product is currently ready for physical transfer to the customer
⢠the company does not have the ability to use the product or to direct it to another customer
a. Revenue is recognised at the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the performance obligation.
The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amount collected on behalf of third parties.
In case of price escalation and ERV, revenue is recognised at most likely amount to be realised from customer in line with contractual terms.
b. I n case where the contracts involve multiple performance obligations, the company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation on the relative standalone selling price basis.
Bundled Contracts - In case of a Bundled contract, where separate fee for installation and commissioning or any other separately identifiable component is not stipulated, the Company applies the recognition criteria to separately identifiable components (sale of goods and installation and commissioning, etc.) of the transaction and allocates the revenue to those separate components based on stand-alone selling price.
Multiple Elements - In cases where the installation and commissioning or any other separately identifiable component is stipulated and price for the same agreed separately, the Company applies the recognition criteria to separately identified components (sale of goods and installation and commissioning, etc.) of the transaction and allocates the revenue to those separate components based on their stand-alone selling price.
c. If the stand-alone selling price is not available the company estimates the stand alone selling price.
Penalties (including levy of liquidated damages for delay in delivery) specified in a contract are not treated as an inherent part of Transaction Price if the levy of same is subject to review by the customer.
vi. Significant financing component
Advances received towards execution of Defence related projects are not considered for determining significant financing component since the objective is to protect the interest of the contracting parties.
I n respect of other contracts, the existence of significant financing component is reviewed on a case to case basis.
Recognition of other income is as follows:
i. Interest Income
I nterest income is recognised using the effective interest rate method.
ii. Dividend Income
Dividend income is recognised when the Company''s right to receive the payment is established.
iii. Rental Income
Rental income arising from operating leases is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless increase in rentals are in line with expected inflation or otherwise justified.
iv. Duty Drawbacks
Duty drawback claims on exports are accounted on accrual basis.
v. Other Income
Other income not specifically stated above is recognised on accrual basis.
Property, plant and equipment is initially measured at cost and subsequently at cost less accumulated depreciation and cumulative impairment losses, if any. Cost for this purpose includes all attributable costs for bringing the asset to its location and condition. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset, if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.
The cost of property, plant and equipment not ready for their intended use as at each reporting date is disclosed as capital work-in-progress.
Capital work-in-progress comprises supply-cum-erection contracts; the value of capital supplies received at site and accepted, capital goods in transit and under inspection.
The cost of software (which is not an integral part of the related hardware) acquired for internal use and resulting in significant future economic benefits, is recognised as an Intangible Asset in the books of account when the same is ready for use. Intangible Assets that are not yet ready for their intended use as at the reporting date are classified as "Intangible Assets under Development".
Cost of Developmental work which is completed, wherever eligible, is recognised as an Intangible Asset.
Cost of Developmental work under progress, wherever eligible, is classified as "Intangible Assets under Development".
I ntangible Asset under Development includes amount funded by the company to external agencies towards developmental project(s) and expenditure incurred by the company towards material cost, employee cost and other direct expenditure.
I ntangible assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently at cost less accumulated amortisation and cumulative impairment losses, if any.
An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from their use or disposal. Gains or losses on derecognition of intangible assets, if any, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The Company, based on technical assessments, depreciates certain items of building, plant and equipment and other asset classes over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The Management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.
Where cost of a part of the asset is significant to total cost of the asset and estimated useful life of that part is different from the estimated useful life of the remaining asset, estimated useful life of that significant part is determined separately and the significant part is depreciated on straight-line basis over its estimated useful life.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation / amortisation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
I ntangible assets are amortised over their respective individual estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis, from the date that they are available for use. The residual values, useful lives and amortisation methods, are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the property, plant and equipment (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds, if any, and the carrying amount of the property, plant and equipment) is included in the statement of profit and loss when the property, plant and equipment is derecognised.
(i) Expenditure on Research activity is recognised as an expense in the period when it is incurred.
(ii) Development expenditure (other than on specific development - cum sales contracts and Developmental projects initiated at customer''s request), is charged off as expenditure when incurred. Developmental expenditure on development - cum - sale contracts and on Developmental projects initiated at customer''s request are treated at par with other sales contracts.
Development expenditure incurred in respect of Joint development projects which are not fully compensated by the development partner are carried forward where the company is nominated as a production agency and future economic benefits are expected.
Developmental projects are reviewed periodically and the amount carried forward, if any, is charged off in the event of the project being declared closed by the customer / end user without any commitment to place order.
(iii) Expenditure incurred towards other developmental activity (including joint developmental activity in collaboration with external agencies) where the research results or other knowledge is applied for developing new or improved products or processes, are recognised as an Intangible Asset if the recognition criteria specified in Ind AS 38 are met and when the product or process developed is expected to be technically and commercially usable, the company has sufficient resources to
complete development and subsequently use or sell the intangible asset, and the product or process is likely to generate future economic benefits.
(iv) Expenditure incurred on Developmental projects for participating in No Cost No Commitment (NCNC) trials, based on Request for Quote from customer, are carried forward till conclusion of the trials and will be amortised over the orders to be received.
In case customer order is immediately not forthcoming:
⢠the amount is capitalised if further economic benefit is expected from its use, or
⢠the amount is charged off in the event of the project being closed by the customer / end user without any commitment to place order.
Expenditure incurred on technical know-how is charged off to Statement of Profit and Loss on incurrence unless it qualifies for recognition as an Intangible Asset either separately on its own or in combination with other assets / expenses.
I nvestment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.
The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or Cash Generating Unit''s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset in determining fair value less costs of disposal.
Reversal of impairment provision is made when there is an increase in the estimated service potential of an asset or Cash Generating Unit (CGU), either from use or sale, on reassessment after the date when impairment loss for that asset was last recognised.
Company as a Lessee:-
Contracts with third party, which give the company the right of use in respect of an Asset, are accounted in line with the provisions of Ind AS 116 - Leases, if the recognition criteria as specified in the Accounting standard are met.
Lease payments associated with Short terms leases and Leases in respect of Low value assets are charged off as expenses on straight line basis over lease term or other systematic basis, as applicable.
At commencement date, the value of "right of use" is capitalised at the present value of outstanding lease payments plus any initial direct cost and estimated cost, if any, of dismantling and removing the underlying asset and presented as part of property, plant and equipment.
Subsequent measurement of right-of-use asset is made using Cost model.
Liability for lease is created for an amount equivalent to the present value of outstanding lease payments and presented as Borrowing.
Each lease payment is allocated between the liability created and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to the Statement of Profit and loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.
The right-of-use asset is depreciated over the shorter of the asset''s useful life and the lease term on a straightline basis.
The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be determined, or the company''s incremental borrowing rate.
Lease modifications, if any are accounted as a separate lease if the recognition criteria specified in the standard are met.
Company as a lessor:
Leases are classified as operating lease or a finance lease based on the recognition criteria specified in Ind AS 116 - Leases.
a) Finance Lease :
At commencement date, amount equivalent to the "net investment in the lease" is presented as
a Receivable. The implicit interest rate is used to measure the value of the "net investment in Lease". Each lease payment is allocated between the Receivable created and finance income. The finance income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and loss over the lease period so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in Lease.
The asset is tested for de-recognition and impairment requirements as per Ind AS 109 -Financial Instruments.
Lease modifications, if any are accounted as a separate lease if the recognition criteria specified in the standard are met.
b) Operating lease:
The company recognises lease payments from operating leases as income on either a straight-line basis or another systematic basis, if required.
Lease modifications, if any are accounted as a separate lease if the recognition criteria specified in the standard are met.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. General borrowing costs are capitalised to qualifying assets by applying a capitalisation rate to the expenditure on that asset. The capitalisation rate is the weighted average of the borrowing costs applicable to general borrowings outstanding, other than specific borrowings. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
Grants from Government are measured at fair value and initially recognised as Deferred Income.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of acquisition of Fixed Asset is transferred to the credit of Statement of Profit and Loss in proportion to the depreciation charged on the respective assets to the extent attributable to Government Grants utilised for the acquisition.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of Revenue Expenses is transferred to the credit of
Statement of Profit and Loss to the extent of expenditure incurred in the ratio of the funding to the total sanctioned cost, limited to the government grant received.
The Company accounts for it''s interests in associates and joint ventures in the separate financial statements at cost.
All inventories of the Company other than disposable scrap are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. Disposable scrap is valued at estimated net realisable value. Cost of materials is ascertained by using the weighted average cost formula.
Cost of Work - in - progress and finished goods include Materials, Direct Labour and appropriate overheads.
Adequate provision is made for inventory which are more than five years old which may not be required for further use.
Income tax comprises of current and deferred tax.
(i) Current Income Tax
Current tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Current tax relating to items recognised directly in other comprehensive income or equity is recognised in other comprehensive income or equity respectively and not in the statement of profit and loss.
Deferred tax is provided using the Balance Sheet method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the
extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised.
Provision for expenditure on account of performance guarantee & replacement / repair of goods sold is made on the basis of trend based estimates.
I n cases where a trend is not ascertainable, provision for warranty is made based on the best estimates of management.
Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at their respective currency exchange rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated to the functional currency by using the closing exchange rate at the reporting date. Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the dates of the initial transactions.
(i) All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the related services are classified as short term employee benefits and they mainly include (a) Wages & Salaries; (b) Short-term compensated absences; (c) Profitsharing, incentives and bonuses and (d) Nonmonetary benefits such as medical care, subsidised transport, canteen facilities etc., which are valued on undiscounted basis and recognised during the period in which the related services are rendered.
(ii) I ncremental liability for payment of long term compensated absences such as Annual Leave, Sick Leave and Half Pay Leave is determined as the difference between present value of the obligation determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit method and the carrying value of the provision contained in the balance sheet and provided for.
(iii) Incremental liability for payment of Gratuity and Employee Provident fund to employees is determined as the difference between present value of the obligation determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit Method and the Fair Value of Plan Assets funded in an approved trust set up for the purpose for which
monthly contributions are made in the case of provident fund and lump sum contributions in the case of gratuity.
(iv) Incremental liability under BEL Retired Employees Contributory Health Scheme (BERECHS) is determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit Method and provided for.
(v) Actuarial liability for the year is determined with reference to employees at the end of January of each year.
(vi) Actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognised immediately in other comprehensive income (OCI). Net interest expense (income) on the net defined liability (asset) is computed by applying the discount rate, used to measure the net defined liability (asset), to the net defined liability (asset) at the start of the financial year after taking into account any changes as a result of contribution and benefit payments during the year. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in statement of profit and loss.
When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognised immediately in statement of profit and loss.
(vii) Payments of voluntary retirement benefits are charged off to revenue on incurrence.
(viii) Defined Contribution Plan
The Company operates employee pension scheme and superannuation pension scheme for its employees that are categorised as a defined contribution plans. For defined contribution plans, the Company pays contributions to independently administered funds at a fixed percentage of employees'' pay. These contributions are recorded in the statement of profit and loss. The Company''s liability is limited to the extent of contributions made to these funds.
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will
be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.
A provision for onerous contracts is recognised when the expected benefits to be derived by the Company from a contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract. The provision is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before a provision is established, the Company recognises any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pretax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
Contingent Liabilities/Assets to the extent the Management is aware, are disclosed by way of notes to the financial statements.
Cash flow statement has been prepared in accordance with the indirect method prescribed in Ind AS 7 -Statement of Cash Flows.
The Company measures certain financial instruments, such as derivatives and other items in it''s financial statements at fair value at each reporting date.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either
directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
Level 3 - Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy.
(i) Initial Recognition and Measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value. In the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset are included in the cost of the asset.
(ii) Subsequent Measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
⢠Debt instruments measured at amortised cost,
⢠Debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI),
⢠Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL),
⢠Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI).
(iii) Derecognition
A financial asset or part of a financial asset is derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired.
(iv) Trade and Other Receivables
Receivables are initially recognised at fair value, which in most cases approximates the nominal value. If there is any subsequent indication that those assets may be impaired, they are reviewed for impairment.
The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a
derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.
The embedded derivative, if required, is separated from host contract and measured at fair value.
Cash comprises of cash on hand and demand deposits. Cash equivalents are short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.
Bank overdrafts, if any, are classified as borrowings under current liabilities in the balance sheet.
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies the expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial assets with credit risk exposure.
a. Time barred dues from the government / government departments / government companies are generally not considered as increase in credit risk of such financial asset.
b. Where dues are disputed in legal proceedings, provision is made if any decision is given against the Company even if the same is taken up on appeal to higher authorities / courts.
c. Dues outstanding for significant period of time are reviewed and provision is made on a case to case basis.
Impairment loss allowance (or reversal) is recognised as expense / income in the statement of profit and loss.
(i) Initial Recognition and Measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, at fair value through profit or loss as loans, borrowings, payables, or derivatives, as appropriate.
Loans, borrowings and payables, are stated net of transaction costs that are directly attributable to them.
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Financial Liabilities at fair value through Profit or Loss:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined in Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest Rate method (EIR). Gains and losses are recognised as profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.
Liabilities are recognised for amounts to be paid in future for goods or services received, whether billed by the supplier or not.
The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial
assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
The Company recognises a liability to make cash or noncash distributions to equity holders when the distribution is authorised and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company.
The Company revises it''s accounting policies if the change is required due to a change in Ind AS or if the change will provide more relevant and reliable information to the users of the financial statements. Changes in accounting policies are applied retrospectively, unless it is impracticable to apply.
A change in an accounting estimate that results in changes in the carrying amounts of recognised assets or liabilities or to statement of profit and loss is applied prospectively in the period(s) of change.
Discovery of material errors results in revisions retrospectively by restating the comparative amounts of assets, liabilities and equity of the earliest prior period in which the error is discovered. The opening balances of the earliest period presented are also restated.
The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share data for its ordinary shares. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for own shares held. Diluted earnings per share is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders and the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, adjusted for own shares held, for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.
Adjusting events are events that provide further evidence of conditions that existed at the end of the reporting period. The financial statements are adjusted for such events before authorisation for issue.
Non-adjusting events are events that are indicative of conditions that arose after the end of the reporting period. Non-adjusting events after the reporting date are not accounted, but disclosed.
Mar 31, 2021
Corporate Information
The accompanying financial statements comprise the financial statements of Bharat Electronics Limited (the Company). The Company is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Bharat Electronics Limited''s shares are listed on two recognised stock exchanges in India. The registered office and principal place of business of the Company is located at Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
The Company is a public sector enterprise under the administrative control of the Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence. Bharat Electronics Limited manufactures and supplies electronic equipment and systems to defence sector. Other than defence sector, the Company has also got a limited presence in the civilian market.
Significant Accounting Policies
The financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (GAAP) comprises the mandatory Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) [as notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015], as amended from time to time, to the extent applicable, the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 and these have been consistently applied.
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that the management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liability and contingent assets as at the date of financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Although such estimates are made on a reasonable and prudent basis taking into account of all available information, actual results could differ from these estimates and such differences are recognised in the period in which the results are ascertained.
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value:
⢠Derivative financial instruments, if any
⢠Financial assets and liabilities that are qualified to be measured at fair value
⢠The defined benefit asset / liability is recognised as the present value of defined benefit obligation less fair value of plan assets.
The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR) which is the functional and the presentation currency of the Company.
i. Revenue is recognized when (or as) the company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised goods or services (i.e., an Asset) to a Customer.
ii. Satisfaction of performance obligation over time
a. Revenue is recognised overtime where the transfer of control of goods or services take places over time by measuring the progress towards complete satisfaction of that performance obligation, if one of the following criteria is met:
⢠the company''s performance entitles the customer to receive and consume the benefits simultaneously as the company performs
⢠the company''s performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced
⢠the company''s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the company and the company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.
b. Progress made towards satisfying a performance obligation is assessed based on the ratio of actual costs incurred on the contract up to the reporting date to the estimated total costs expected to complete the contract. If the outcome of the performance obligation cannot be estimated reliably and where it is probable that the costs will be recovered, revenue is recognised to the extent of costs incurred.
c. In case of AMC contracts, where passage of time is the criteria for satisfaction of performance obligation, revenue is recognised using the output method.
iii. Satisfaction of performance obligation at a point in time
a. In respect of cases where the transfer of control does not take place over time, the company recognises the revenue at a point in time when it satisfies the performance obligations.
b. The performance obligation is satisfied when the customer obtains control of the asset. The indicators for transfer of control include the following:
⢠the company has transferred physical possession of the asset
⢠the customer has legal title to the asset
⢠the customer has accepted the asset
⢠when the company has a present right to payment for the asset
⢠the customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset. The transfer of significant risks and rewards ownership is assessed based on the Incoterms of the contracts.
Ex-Works contract - In case of Ex-works contract, revenue is recognised when the specified goods are unconditionally appropriated to the contract after prior Inspection and acceptance, if required.
FOR Contracts - In the case of FOR contracts, revenue is recognised when the goods are handed over to the carrier for transmission to the buyer after prior inspection and
acceptance, if stipulated, and in the case of FOR destination contracts, if there is a reasonable expectation of the goods reaching destination within the accounting period.
c. Bill and hold Sales
Bill and hold sales is recognised when all the following criteria are met:
⢠the reason for the bill and hold sales is substantive
⢠the product is identified separately as belonging to the customer
⢠the product is currently ready for physical transfer to the customer
⢠the company does not have the ability to use the product or to direct it to another customer
iv. Measurement
a. Revenue is recognized at the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the performance obligation.
The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amount collected on behalf of third parties.
In case of price escalation and ERV, revenue is recognised at most likely amount to be realised from customer in line with contractual terms.
b. In case where the contracts involve multiple performance obligations, the company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation on the relative standalone selling price basis.
Bundled Contracts - In case of a Bundled contract, where separate fee for installation and commissioning or any other separately identifiable component is not stipulated, the Company applies the recognition criteria to separately identifiable components (sale of goods and installation and commissioning, etc.) of the transaction and allocates the revenue to those separate components based on stand-alone selling price.
Multiple Elements - In cases where the installation and commissioning or any other separately identifiable component is stipulated and price for the same agreed separately, the Company applies the recognition criteria to separately identified components (sale of goods and installation and commissioning, etc.) of the transaction and allocates the revenue to those separate components based on their stand-alone selling price.
c. If the stand-alone selling price is not available the company estimates the stand alone selling price.
v. Penalties
Penalties (including levy of liquidated damages for delay in delivery) specified in a contract are not treated as an inherent part of Transaction Price if the levy of same is subject to review by the customer.
vi. Significant financing component
Advances received towards execution of Defence related projects are not considered for determining significant financing component since the objective is to protect the interest of the contracting parties.
In respect of other contracts, the existence of significant financing component is reviewed on a case to case basis.
Recognition of other income is as follows:
i. Interest Income
Interest income is recognised using the effective interest rate method.
ii. Dividend Income
Dividend income is recognised when the Company''s right to receive the payment is established.
iii. Rental Income
Rental income arising from operating leases is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless increase in rentals are in line with expected inflation or otherwise justified.
iv. Duty Drawbacks
Duty drawback claims on exports are accounted on accrual basis.
v. Other Income
Other income not specifically stated above is recognised on accrual basis.
Property, plant and equipment is initially measured at cost and subsequently at cost less accumulated depreciation and cumulative impairment losses, if any. Cost for this purpose includes all attributable costs for bringing the asset to its location and condition. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset, if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.
The cost of property, plant and equipment not ready for their intended use as at each reporting date is disclosed as capital work-in-progress.
Capital work-in-progress comprises supply-cum-erection contracts; the value of capital supplies received at site and accepted, capital goods in transit and under inspection.
The cost of software (which is not an integral part of the related hardware) acquired for internal use and resulting in significant future economic benefits, is recognised as an Intangible Asset in the books of account when the same is ready for use. Intangible Assets that are not yet ready for their intended use as at the reporting date are classified as "Intangible Assets under Development".
Cost of Developmental work which is completed, wherever eligible, is recognised as an Intangible Asset.
Cost of Developmental work under progress, wherever eligible, is classified as "Intangible Assets under Development".
Intangible Asset under Development includes amount funded by the company to external agencies towards developmental project(s) and expenditure incurred by the company towards material cost, employee cost and other direct expenditure.
Intangible assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently at cost less accumulated amortisation and cumulative impairment losses, if any.
An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from their use or disposal. Gains or losses on derecognition of intangible assets, if any, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The Company, based on technical assessments, depreciates certain items of building, plant and equipment and other asset classes over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The Management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.
Where cost of a part of the asset is significant to total cost of the asset and estimated useful life of that part is different from the estimated useful life of the remaining asset, estimated useful life of that significant part is determined separately and the significant part is depreciated on straight-line basis over its estimated useful life.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation / amortisation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
Intangible assets are amortised over their respective individual estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis, from the date that they are available for use. The residual values, useful lives and amortisation methods, are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the property, plant and equipment (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds, if any, and the carrying amount of the property, plant and equipment) is included in
the statement of profit and loss when the property,
plant and equipment is derecognised.
(i) Expenditure on Research activity is recognised as an expense in the period when it is incurred.
(ii) Development expenditure (other than on specific development - cum sales contracts and Developmental projects initiated at customer''s request), is charged off as expenditure when incurred. Developmental expenditure on
development - cum - sale contracts and on Developmental projects initiated at customer''s request are treated at par with other sales contracts.
Development expenditure incurred in respect of Joint development projects which are not fully compensated by the development partner are carried forward where the company is nominated as a production agency and future economic benefits are expected.
Developmental projects are reviewed periodically and the amount carried forward, if any, is charged off in the event of the project being declared closed by the customer / end user without any commitment to place order.
(iii) Expenditure incurred towards other developmental activity (including joint developmental activity in collaboration with external agencies) where the research results or other knowledge is applied for developing new or improved products or processes, are recognised as an Intangible Asset if the recognition criteria specified in Ind AS 38 are met and when the product or process developed is expected to be technically and commercially usable, the company has sufficient resources to complete development and subsequently use or sell the intangible asset, and the product or process is likely to generate future economic benefits.
(iv) Expenditure incurred on Developmental projects for participating in No Cost No Commitment (NCNC) trials, based on Request for Quote from customer, are carried forward till conclusion of the trials and will be amortised over the orders to be received.
In case customer order is immediately not forthcoming:
⢠the amount is capitalised if further economic benefit is expected from its use, or
⢠the amount is charged off in the event of the project being closed by the customer / end user without any commitment to place order.
Expenditure incurred on technical know-how is charged off to Statement of Profit and Loss on incurrence unless it qualifies for recognition as an Intangible Asset either separately on its own or in combination with other assets / expenses.
Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.
The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or Cash Generating Unit''s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset in determining fair value less costs of disposal.
Reversal of impairment provision is made when there is an increase in the estimated service potential of an asset or Cash Generating Unit (CGU), either from use or sale, on reassessment after the date when impairment loss for that asset was last recognised.
Company as a Lessee:-
Contracts with third party, which give the company the right of use in respect of an Asset, are accounted in line with the provisions of Ind AS 116 - Leases, if the recognition criteria as specified in the Accounting standard are met.
Lease payments associated with Short terms leases and Leases in respect of Low value assets are charged off as expenses on straight line basis over lease term or other systematic basis, as applicable.
At commencement date, the value of "right of use" is capitalised at the present value of outstanding lease payments plus any initial direct cost and estimated cost, if any, of dismantling and removing the underlying asset and presented as part of property, plant and equipment.
Subsequent measurement of right-of-use asset is made using Cost model.
Liability for lease is created for an amount equivalent to the present value of outstanding lease payments and presented as Borrowing.
Each lease payment is allocated between the liability created and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to the Statement of Profit and loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.
The right-of-use asset is depreciated over the shorter of the asset''s useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis.
The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be determined, or the company''s incremental borrowing rate.
Lease modifications, if any are accounted as a separate lease if the recognition criteria specified in the standard are met.
Company as a lessor:
Leases are classified as operating lease or a finance lease based on the recognition criteria specified in Ind AS 116 - Leases.
a) Finance Lease :
At commencement date, amount equivalent to the "net investment in the lease" is presented as a Receivable. The implicit interest rate is used to measure the value of the "net investment in Lease".
Each lease payment is allocated between the Receivable created and finance income. The finance income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and loss over the lease period so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in Lease.
The asset is tested for de-recognition and impairment requirements as per Ind AS 109 -Financial Instruments.
Lease modifications, if any are accounted as a separate lease if the recognition criteria specified in the standard are met.
b) Operating lease:
The company recognises lease payments from operating leases as income on either a straightline basis or another systematic basis, if required.
Lease modifications, if any are accounted as a separate lease if the recognition criteria specified in the standard are met.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. General borrowing costs are capitalised to qualifying assets by applying a capitalisation rate to the expenditure on that asset. The capitalisation rate is the weighted average of the borrowing costs applicable to general borrowings outstanding, other than specific borrowings. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
Grants from Government are measured at fair value and initially recognised as Deferred Income.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of acquisition of Fixed Asset is transferred to the credit
of Statement of Profit and Loss in proportion to the depreciation charged on the respective assets to the extent attributable to Government Grants utilised for the acquisition.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of Revenue Expenses is transferred to the credit of Statement of Profit and Loss to the extent of expenditure incurred in the ratio of the funding to the total sanctioned cost, limited to the government grant received.
The Company accounts for it''s interests in associates and joint ventures in the separate financial statements at cost.
All inventories of the Company other than disposable scrap are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. Disposable scrap is valued at estimated net realisable value. Cost of materials is ascertained by using the weighted average cost formula.
Cost of Work - in - progress and finished goods include Materials, Direct Labour and appropriate overheads.
Adequate provision is made for inventory which are more than five years old which may not be required for further use.
Income tax comprises of current and deferred tax.
(i) Current Income Tax
Current tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Current tax relating to items recognised directly in other comprehensive income or equity is recognised in other comprehensive income or equity respectively and not in the statement of profit and loss.
Deferred tax is provided using the Balance Sheet method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised.
Provision for expenditure on account of performance guarantee & replacement / repair of goods sold is made on the basis of trend based estimates.
In cases where a trend is not ascertainable, provision for warranty is made based on the best estimates of management.
Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at their respective currency exchange rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated to the functional currency by using the closing exchange rate at the reporting date. Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the dates of the initial transactions.
(i) All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the related services are classified as short term employee benefits and they mainly include (a) Wages & Salaries; (b) Short-term compensated absences; (c) Profit-sharing, incentives and bonuses and (d) Non-monetary benefits such as medical care, subsidised transport, canteen facilities etc., which are valued on undiscounted basis and recognised during the period in which the related services are rendered.
(ii) Incremental liability for payment of long term compensated absences such as Annual Leave,
Sick Leave and Half Pay Leave is determined as the difference between present value of the obligation determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit method and the carrying value of the provision contained in the balance sheet and provided for.
(iii) Incremental liability for payment of Gratuity and Employee Provident fund to employees is determined as the difference between present value of the obligation determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit Method and the Fair Value of Plan Assets funded in an approved trust set up for the purpose for which monthly contributions are made in the case of provident fund and lump sum contributions in the case of gratuity.
(iv) Incremental liability under BEL Retired Employees Contributory Health Scheme (BERECHS) is determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit Method and provided for.
(v) Actuarial liability for the year is determined with
reference to employees at the end of January of each year.
(vi) Actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognised immediately in other comprehensive income (OCI). Net interest expense (income) on the net defined liability (asset) is computed by applying the discount rate, used to measure the net defined liability (asset), to the net defined liability (asset) at the start of the financial year after taking into account any changes as a result of contribution and benefit payments during the year. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in statement of profit and loss.
When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognised immediately in statement of profit and loss.
(vii) Payments of voluntary retirement benefits are charged off to revenue on incurrence.
(viii) Defined Contribution Plan
The Company operates employee pension scheme and superannuation pension scheme for
its employees that are categorised as a defined contribution plans. For defined contribution plans, the Company pays contributions to independently administered funds at a fixed percentage of employees'' pay. These contributions are recorded in the statement of profit and loss. The Company''s liability is limited to the extent of contributions made to these funds.
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.
A provision for onerous contracts is recognised when the expected benefits to be derived by the Company from a contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract. The provision is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before a provision is established, the Company recognizes any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
Contingent Liabilities/Assets to the extent the Management is aware, are disclosed by way of notes to the financial statements.
Cash flow statement has been prepared in accordance with the indirect method prescribed in Ind AS 7 -Statement of Cash Flows.
The Company measures certain financial instruments, such as derivatives and other items in it''s financial statements at fair value at each reporting date.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
Level 3 - Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy.
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value. In the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset are included in the cost of the asset.
(ii) Subsequent Measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
⢠Debt instruments measured at amortised cost,
⢠Debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI),
⢠Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL),
⢠Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI).
A financial asset or part of a financial asset is derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired.
Receivables are initially recognised at fair value, which in most cases approximates the nominal value. If there is any subsequent indication that those assets may be impaired, they are reviewed for impairment.
The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.
The embedded derivative, if required, is separated from host contract and measured at fair value.
Cash comprises of cash on hand and demand deposits. Cash equivalents are short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.
Bank overdrafts, if any, are classified as borrowings under current liabilities in the balance sheet.
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies the expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial assets with credit risk exposure.
a. Time barred dues from the government / government departments / government companies are generally not considered as increase in credit risk of such financial asset.
b. Where dues are disputed in legal proceedings, provision is made if any decision is given against
the Company even if the same is taken up on appeal to higher authorities / courts.
c. Dues outstanding for significant period of time are reviewed and provision is made on a case to case basis.
Impairment loss allowance (or reversal) is recognised as expense / income in the statement of profit and loss.
(i) Initial Recognition and Measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, at fair value through profit or loss as loans, borrowings, payables, or derivatives, as appropriate.
Loans, borrowings and payables, are stated net of transaction costs that are directly attributable to them.
(ii) Subsequent Measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Financial Liabilities at fair value through Profit or Loss:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined in Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
(iii) Loans and Borrowings
After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest Rate method (EIR). Gains and losses are recognised as profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.
Liabilities are recognised for amounts to be paid in future for goods or services received, whether billed by the supplier or not.
The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
The Company recognises a liability to make cash or non-cash distributions to equity holders when the distribution is authorised and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company.
The Company revises it''s accounting policies if the change is required due to a change in Ind AS or if the change will provide more relevant and reliable information to the users of the financial statements. Changes in accounting policies are applied retrospectively, unless it is impracticable to apply.
A change in an accounting estimate that results in changes in the carrying amounts of recognised assets or liabilities or to statement of profit and loss is applied prospectively in the period(s) of change.
Discovery of material errors results in revisions retrospectively by restating the comparative amounts of assets, liabilities and equity of the earliest prior period in which the error is discovered. The opening balances of the earliest period presented are also restated.
The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share data for its ordinary shares. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for own shares held. Diluted earnings per share is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders and the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, adjusted for own shares held, for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.
Adjusting events are events that provide further evidence of conditions that existed at the end of the reporting period. The financial statements are adjusted for such events before authorisation for issue.
Non-adjusting events are events that are indicative of conditions that arose after the end of the reporting period. Non-adjusting events after the reporting date are not accounted, but disclosed.
Mar 31, 2019
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES ON IND AS STANDALONE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Corporate Information
The accompanying financial statements comprise the financial statements of Bharat Electronics Limited (the Company). The Company is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Bharat Electronics Limited''s shares are listed on two recognised stock exchanges in India. The registered office and principal place of business of the Company is located at Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
The Company is a public sector enterprise under the administrative control of the Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence. Bharat Electronics Limited manufactures and supplies electronic equipment and systems to defence sector. Other than defence sector, the Company has also got a limited presence in the civilian market.
Significant Accounting Policies
1. Basis of Preparation
The financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (GAAP) comprises the mandatory Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) [as notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015], as amended from time to time, to the extent applicable, the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 and these have been consistently applied.
2. Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that the management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liability and contingent assets as at the date of financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Although such estimates are made on a reasonable and prudent basis taking into account of all available information, actual results could differ from these estimates and such differences are recognised in the period in which the results are ascertained.
3. Basis of Measurement
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value:
⢠Derivative financial instruments, if any
⢠Financial assets and liabilities that are qualified to be measured at fair value.
⢠The defined benefit asset / liability is recognised as the present value of defined benefit obligation less fair value of plan assets.
4. Functional and Presentation Currency.
The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR) which is the functional and the presentation currency of the Company.
5. Revenue Recognition
A. Revenue from Contract with Customers
(i) Revenue is recognized when (or as) the company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised goods or services (i.e., an Asset) to a Customer.
(ii) Satisfaction of performance obligation over time
a. Revenue is recognised overtime where the transfer of control of goods or services take places over time by measuring the progress towards complete satisfaction of that performance obligation, if one of the following criteria is met:
⢠The company''s performance entitles the customer to receive and consume the benefits simultaneously as the company performs
⢠The company''s performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced
⢠The company''s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the company and the company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.
D. Progress made towards satisfying a performance obligation is assessed based on the ratio of actual costs incurred on the contract up to the reporting date to the estimated total costs expected to complete the contract. If the outcome of the performance obligation cannot be estimated reliably and where it is probable that the costs will be recovered, revenue is recognised to the extent of costs incurred.
c. In case of AMC contracts, where passage of time is the criteria for satisfaction of performance obligation, revenue is recognised using the output method.
(iii) Satisfaction of performance obligation at a point in time
a. In respect of cases where the transfer of control does not take place over time, the company recognises the revenue at a point in time when it satisfies the performance obligations.
b. The performance obligation is satisfied when the customer obtains control of the asset. The indicators for transfer of control include the following:
⢠The company has transferred physical possession of the asset
⢠The customer has legal title to the asset
⢠The customer has accepted the asset
⢠When the company has a present right to payment for the asset
⢠The customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset. The transfer of significant risks and rewards ownership is assessed based on the Inco-terms of the contracts.
Ex-Works contract - In case of Ex-works contract, revenue is recognised when the specified goods are unconditionally appropriated to the contract after prior inspection and acceptance, if required.
FOR Contracts - In the case of FOR contracts, revenue is recognised when the goods are handed over to the carrier for transmission
to the buyer after prior inspection ana acceptance, if stipulated, and in the case of FOR destination contracts, if there is a reasonable expectation of the goods reaching destination within the accounting period.
c. Bill and hold Sales
Bill and hold sales is recognised when all the following criteria are met:
⢠The reason for the bill and hold sales is substantive
⢠The product is identified separately as belonging to the customer
⢠The product is currently ready for physical transfer to the customer
⢠The company does not have the ability to use the product or to direct it to another customer.
(iv) Measurement
a. Revenue is recognized at the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the performance obligation.
The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amount collected on behalf of third parties.
In case of price escalation and ERV, where additional consideration is to be determined and approved by the customers, such additional revenue is recognised on receipt of confirmation from the customer(s).
b. In case where the contracts involve multiple performance obligations, the company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation on the relative stand-alone selling price basis.
Bundled Contracts - In case of a Bundled contract, where separate fee for installation and commissioning or any other separately identifiable component is not stipulated, the Company applies the recognition criteria to separately identifiable components (sale of
goods and installation and commissioning, etc.) of the transaction and allocates the revenue to those separate components based on stand-alone selling price.
Multiple Elements - In cases where the installation and commissioning or any other separately identifiable component is stipulated and price for the same agreed separately, the Company applies the recognition criteria to separately identified components (sale of goods and installation and commissioning, etc.) of the transaction and allocates the revenue to those separate components based on their stand-alone selling price.
c. If the stand-alone selling price is not available the company estimates the stand alone selling price.
(v) Penalties
Penalties (including levy of liquidated damages for delay in delivery) specified in a contract are not treated as an inherent part of Transaction Price if the levy of same is subject to review by the customer.
(vi) Significant financing component
Advances received towards execution of Defence related projects are not considered for determining significant financing component since the objective is to protect the interest of the contracting parties.
In respect of other contracts, the existence of significant financing component is reviewed on a case to case basis.
B. Other Income
Recognition of other income is as follows : (i) Interest Income
Interest income is recognised using the effective interest rate method.
(ii) Dividend Income
Dividend income is recognised when the Company''s right to receive the payment is established.
(iii) Rental Income
Rental income arising from operating leases is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless increase in rentals are in line with expected inflation or otherwise justified.
(iv) Duty Drawbacks
Duty drawback claims on exports are accounted on preferring the claims.
(v) Other Income
Other income not specifically stated above is recognised on accrual basis.
6. Property, Plant and Equipment, Capital Work-in-Progress
Property, plant and equipment is initially measured at cost and subsequently at cost less accumulated depreciation and cumulative impairment losses, if any. Cost for this purpose includes all attributable costs for bringing the asset to its location and condition. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset, if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.
The cost of property, plant and equipment not ready for their intended use as at each reporting date is disclosed as capital work-in-progress.
Capital work-in-progress comprises supply-cum-erection contracts; the value of capital supplies received at site and accepted, capital goods in transit and under inspection.
7. Intangible Assets, Intangible Asset under Development
The cost of software (which is not an integral part of the related hardware) acquired for internal use and resulting in significant future economic benefits, is recognised as an Intangible Asset in the books of accounts when the same is ready for use. Intangible Assets that are not yet ready for their intended use as at the reporting date are classified as "Intangible Assets under Development".
Cost of Developmental work which is completed, wherever eligible, is recognised as an Intangible Asset.
Cost of Developmental work under progress, wherever eligible, is classified as "Intangible Assets under Development".
Intangible Asset under Development includes amount funded by the company to external agencies towards developmental project(s) and expenditure incurred by the company towards material cost, employee cost and other direct expenditure.
8. Depreciation / Amortisation
Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The Company, based on technical assessments, depreciates certain items of building, plant and equipment and other asset classes over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The Management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.
Where cost of a part of the asset is significant to total cost of the asset and estimated useful life of that part is different from the estimated useful life of the remaining asset, estimated useful life of that significant part is determined separately and the significant part is depreciated on straight-line basis over its estimated useful life.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation / amortisation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
Intangible assets are amortised over their respective individual estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis, from the date that they are available for use. The residual values, useful lives and amortisation methods, are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
9. Disposal of Property, Plant and Equipment
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
10. Research and Development Expenditure
(i) Expenditure on Research activity is recognised as an expense in the period when it is incurred.
(ii) Development expenditure (other than on specific development - cum - sales contracts and Developmental projects initiated at customer''s request), is charged off as expenditure when incurred. Developmental expenditure on development - cum - sale contracts and on Developmental projects initiated at customer''s request are treated at par with other sales contracts.
Development expenditure incurred in respect of Joint development projects which are not fully compensated by the development partner are carried forward where the company is nominated as a production agency and future economic benefits are expected.
Developmental projects are reviewed periodically and the amount carried forward, if any, is charged off in the event of the project being declared closed by the customer / end user without any commitment to place order.
(iii) Expenditure incurred towards other developmental activity (including joint developmental activity in collaboration with external agencies) where the research results or other knowledge is applied for developing new or improved products or processes, are recognised as an Intangible Asset if the recognition criteria specified in Ind AS 38 are met and when the product or process developed is expected to be technically and commercially usable, the company has sufficient resources to complete development and subsequently use or sell the intangible asset, and the product or process is likely to generate future economic benefits.
(iv) Expenditure incurred on Developmental projects for participating in No Cost No Commitment (NCNC) trials, based on Request for Quote from customer, are carried forward till conclusion of the trials and will be amortised over the orders to be received.
In case customer order is immediately not forthcoming:
⢠The amount is capitalised if further economic benefit is expected from its use, or
⢠The amount is charged off in the event of the project being closed by the customer / end user without any commitment to place order.
11. Expenditure on Technical Know-How
Expenditure incurred on technical know-how is charged off to Statement of Profit and Loss on incurrence unless it qualifies for recognition as an Intangible Asset either separately on its own or in combination with other assets / expenses.
12. Investment Property
Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.
13. Impairment of Non-Financial Assets
The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or Cash Generating Unit''s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset in determining fair value less costs of disposal.
Reversal of impairment provision is made when there is an increase in the estimated service potential of an asset or Cash Generating Unit (CGU), either from use or sale, on reassessment after the date when impairment loss for that asset was last recognised.
14. Leases
A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease.
(i) Company as a Lessee
Finance leases are capitalised at lower of fair value of the asset and the present value of the minimum lease payments on commencement of the lease. Finance charges are recognised as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss. A leased asset is amortised over the estimated useful life of the asset or lease term, whichever is lower.
Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term, except when the lease payments escalate in accordance to general inflation or are otherwise justified.
(ii) Company as a Lessor
In case of a Finance lease, amounts due from lessees are recorded as receivables as the Company''s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.
Operating lease income is recognised over the lease term on straight line basis, except when the escalations are due to general inflation or otherwise justified. Contingent rents, if any, are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned.
15. Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. General borrowing costs are capitalised to qualifying assets by applying a capitalisation rate to the expenditure on that asset. The capitalisation rate is the weighted average of the borrowing costs applicable to general borrowings outstanding, other than specific borrowings. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with
the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
16. Government Grants
Grants from Government are measured at fair value and initially recognised as Deferred Income.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of acquisition of Fixed Asset is transferred to the credit of Statement of Profit and Loss in proportion to the depreciation charged on the respective assets to the extent attributable to Government Grants utilised for the acquisition.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of Revenue Expenses is transferred to the credit of Statement of Profit and Loss to the extent of expenditure incurred in the ratio of the funding to the total sanctioned cost, limited to the government grant received.
17. Investments in Joint Venture and Associates
The Company accounts for it''s interests in associates and joint ventures in the separate financial statements at cost.
18. Inventories
All inventories of the Company other than disposable scrap are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. Disposable scrap is valued at estimated net realisable value. Cost of materials is ascertained by using the weighted average cost formula.
Cost of Work - in - progress and finished goods include Materials, Direct Labour and appropriate overheads.
Adequate provision is made for inventory which are more than five years old which may not be required for further use.
19. Income Taxes
Income tax comprises of current and deferred tax. (i) Current Income Tax
Current tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Current tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.
(ii) Deferred Tax
Deferred tax is provided using the Balance Sheet method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised.
20. Provision for Warranties
Provision for expenditure on account of performance guarantee & replacement / repair of goods sold is made on the basis of trend based estimates.
21. Foreign Currencies
Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at their respective currency exchange rates at the date the transaction qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated to the functional currency by using the closing exchange rate at the reporting date. Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the dates of the initial transactions.
22. Employee Benefits
(i) All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the related services are classified as short term employee benefits and they mainly include (a) Wages & Salaries;
(b) Short-term compensated absences; (c) Profit-sharing, incentives and bonuses and (d) Non-monetary benefits such as medical care, subsidised transport, canteen facilities etc., which are valued on undiscounted basis and recognised during the period in which the related services are rendered.
(ii) Incremental liability for payment of long term compensated absences such as Annual Leave, Sick Leave and Half Pay Leave is determined as the difference between present value of the obligation determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit method and the carrying value of the provision contained in the balance sheet and provided for.
(iii) Incremental liability for payment of Gratuity and Employee Provident fund to employees is determined as the difference between present value of the obligation determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit Method and the Fair Value of Plan Assets funded in an approved trust set up for the purpose for which monthly contributions are made in the case of provident fund and lump sum contributions in the case of gratuity.
(iv) Incremental liability under BEL Retired Employees Contributory Health Scheme (BERECHS) is determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit Method and provided for.
(v) Actuarial liability for the year is determined with reference to employees at the end of January of each year.
(vi) Actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognised immediately in other comprehensive income (OCI). Net interest expense (income) on the net defined liability (asset) is computed by applying the discount rate, used to measure the net defined liability (asset), to the net defined liability (asset) at the start of the financial year after taking into account any changes as a result of contribution and benefit payments during the year. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in statement of profit and loss.
When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognised immediately in statement of profit and loss.
(vii) Payments of voluntary retirement benefits are charged off to revenue on incurrence.
(viii)Defined Contribution Plan
The Company operates employee pension scheme and superannuation pension scheme for its employees that are categorised as a defined contribution plans. For defined contribution plans, the Company pays contributions to independently administered funds at a fixed percentage of employees'' pay. These contributions are recorded in the statement of profit and loss. The Company''s liability is limited to the extent of contributions made to these funds.
23. Provisions A. Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.
A provision for onerous contracts is recognised when the expected benefits to be derived by the Company from a contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract. The provision is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before a provision is established, the Company recognizes any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
B. Contingent Liabilities/Assets
Contingent Liabilities/Assets to the extent the Management is aware, are disclosed by way of notes to the financial statements.
24. Cash Flow Statement
Cash flow statement has been prepared in accordance with the indirect method prescribed in Ind AS 7 -Statement of Cash Flows.
25. Fair value Measurement
The Company measures certain financial instruments, such as derivatives and other items in it''s financial statements at fair value at each reporting date.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole :
Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
Level 3 - Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy.
26. Financial Assets
(i) Initial Recognition and Measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value. In the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset are included in the cost of the asset.
(ii) Subsequent Measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories :
⢠Debt instruments measured at amortised cost,
⢠Debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FvTOCI),
⢠Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL),
⢠Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FvTOCI).
(iii) Derecognition
A financial asset or part of a financial asset is derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired.
(iv) Trade and Other Receivables
Receivables are initially recognised at fair value, which in most cases approximates the nominal value. If there is any subsequent indication that those assets may be impaired, they are reviewed for impairment.
27. Forward Contracts
The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.
28. Embedded Derivative
The embedded derivative, if required, is separated from host contract and measured at fair value.
29. Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash comprises of cash on hand and demand deposits. Cash equivalents are short-term highly
liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.
Bank overdrafts, if any, are classified as borrowings under current liabilities in the balance sheet.
30. Impairment of Financial Assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies the expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial assets with credit risk exposure.
(a) Time barred dues from the government / government departments / government companies are generally not considered as increase in credit risk of such financial asset.
(b) Where dues are disputed in legal proceedings, provision is made if any decision is given against the Company even if the same is taken up on appeal to higher authorities / courts.
(c) Dues outstanding for significant period of time are reviewed and provision is made on a case to case basis.
Impairment loss allowance (or reversal) is recognised as expense / income in the statement of profit and loss.
31. Financial Liabilities
(i) Initial Recognition and Measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, at fair value through profit or loss as loans, borrowings, payables, or derivatives, as appropriate. Loans, borrowings and payables, are stated net of transaction costs that are directly attributable to them.
(ii) Subsequent Measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below :
Financial Liabilities at fair value through Profit or Loss :
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined in Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
(iii) Loans and Borrowings
After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest Rate method (EIR). Gains and losses are recognised as profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.
(iv) Trade and Other Payables
Liabilities are recognised for amounts to be paid in future for goods or services received, whether billed by the supplier or not.
32. Reclassification of Financial Instruments
The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively.
33. Offsetting of Financial Instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
34. Cash Dividend and Non-Cash distribution to Equity Holders
The Company recognises a liability to make cash or non-cash distributions to equity holders when the distribution is authorised and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company.
35. Errors and Estimates
The Company revises it''s accounting policies if the change is required due to a change in Ind AS or if the change will provide more relevant and reliable information to the users of the financial statements. Changes in accounting policies are applied retrospectively, unless it is impracticable to apply.
A change in an accounting estimate that results in changes in the carrying amounts of recognised assets or liabilities or to statement of profit and loss is applied prospectively in the period(s) of change.
Discovery of material errors results in revisions retrospectively by restating the comparative amounts of assets, liabilities and equity of the earliest prior period in which the error is discovered. The opening balances of the earliest period presented are also restated.
36. Earnings Per Share
The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share data for its ordinary shares. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for own shares held. Diluted earnings per share is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders and the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, adjusted for own shares held, for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.
37. Events after the Reporting Period
Adjusting events are events that provide further evidence of conditions that existed at the end of the reporting period. The financial statements are adjusted for such events before authorisation for issue.
Non-adjusting events are events that are indicative of conditions that arose after the end of the reporting period. Non-adjusting events after the reporting date are not accounted, but disclosed.
As per our report of even date attached. |
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For Suri & Co., |
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Chartered Accountants |
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Firm Regn No. 004283S |
M V Gowtama |
Koshy Alexander |
Natarajan V - Partner |
Chairman & Managing Director |
Director (Finance) & CFO S Sreenivas |
Membership No. 223118 |
Company Secretary |
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Bengaluru |
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29 May 2019 |
Mar 31, 2018
1. Basis of Preparation
The financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (GAAP) comprises the mandatory Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) [as notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended], to the extent applicable, the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 and these have been consistently applied.
2. Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that the management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liability and contingent assets as at the date of financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Although such estimates are made on a reasonable and prudent basis taking into account of all available information, actual results could differ from these estimates and such differences are recognised in the period in which the results are ascertained.
3. Basis of Measurement
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value :
- Derivative financial instruments, if any
- Financial assets and liabilities that are qualified to be measured at fair value
- The defined benefit asset / liability is recognised as the present value of defined benefit obligation less fair value of plan assets.
4. Functional and Presentation Currency
The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR) which is the functional and the presentation currency of the Company.
5. Revenue Recognition
(i) Sale of Goods
Revenue from the sale of goods is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns, trade discounts and volume rebates. Revenue is recognised when the significant risk and reward of ownership have been transferred to the customer as per the terms of sale agreement, neither continuing management involvement nor effective control over the goods is retained, recovery of the consideration is probable and the amount of cost incurred and the revenue can be measured reliably. The timing of the transfer of risks and rewards is evaluated based on Inco-terms of the sales agreement.
(ii) Ex-Works Contract
In case of Ex-works contract, revenue is recognised when the specified goods are unconditionally appropriated to the contract after prior Inspection and acceptance, if required.
(iii) FOR Contracts
In the case of FOR contracts, revenue is recognised when the goods are handed over to the carrier for transmission to the buyer after prior inspection and acceptance, if stipulated, and in the case of FOR destination contracts, if there is a reasonable expectation of the goods reaching destination within the accounting period. Revenue is recognised even if goods are retained with the company at the request of the customer.
(iv) Bill and Hold Sales
For bill-and-hold transactions, revenue is recognised when the customer takes title, provided that :
- it is probable that delivery will be made;
- the item is on hand, identified and ready for delivery to the buyer at the time when the revenue is recognised;
- the buyer specifically acknowledges the deferred delivery instructions;
- the usual payment terms apply.
(v) Construction Contracts
Contract revenue includes initial amount agreed in the contract and any variations in contract work, claims and incentive payments, to the extent it is probable that they will result in revenue and can be measured reliably.
Contract revenue is recognised in proportion to the stage of completion of the contract. Stage of completion is assessed based on the ratio of actual costs incurred on the contract up to the reporting date to the estimated total costs expected to complete the contract.
If the outcome cannot be estimated reliably and where it is probable that the costs will be recovered, revenue is recognised to the extent of costs incurred.
When it is probable that total contract costs at completion will exceed total contract revenue, the expected loss at completion is recognised immediately as an expense.
(vi) Price Escalations and Exchange Rate Variation Claims
In case of contracts where additional consideration is to be determined and approved by the customers, such additional revenue is recognised on receipt of confirmation from the customer(s).
(vii) Bundled Contracts
In case of a Bundled contract, where separate fee for installation and commissioning or any other separately identifiable component is not stipulated, the Company applies the recognition criteria to separately identifiable components (sale of goods and installation and commissioning, etc.) of the transaction and allocates the revenue to those separate components based on their relative fair value.
(viii) Multiple Elements
In cases where the installation and commissioning or any other separately identifiable component is stipulated and price for the same agreed separately, the Company applies the recognition criteria to separately identified components (sale of goods and installation and commissioning, etc.) of the transaction and allocates the revenue to those separate components based on their relative fair value.
(ix) Sales exclude Sales Tax /Value Added Tax (VAT) and include Excise Duty till 30.06.2017.
From 01.07.2017 onwards, Sales exclude Goods and Service Tax (GST).
(x) Revenue from Services
Revenue relating to Maintenance contracts are recognised on accrual basis.
For other fixed-price contracts (including revenue from software related services), revenue is recognised in proportion to the stage of completion of the transaction at the reporting date.
Revenue in respect of other category of services is recognised on rendering of service.
(xi) Interest Income
Interest income is recognised using the effective interest rate method.
(xii) Dividend Income
Dividend income is recognised when the Companyâs right to receive the payment is established.
(xiii) Rental Income
Rental income arising from operating leases is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless increase in rentals are in line with expected inflation or otherwise justified.
(xiv) Duty Drawbacks
Duty drawback claims on exports are accounted on preferring the claims.
(xv) Other Income
Other income not specifically stated above is recognised on accrual basis.
6. Property, Plant and Equipment, Capital Work-in-Progress
Property, plant and equipment is initially measured at cost and subsequently at cost less accumulated depreciation and cumulative impairment losses, if any. Cost for this purpose includes all attributable costs for bringing the asset to its location and condition. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset, if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.
The cost of fixed asset not ready for their intended use as at each balance sheet date is disclosed as capital work-in-progress.
Capital work-in-progress comprises supply-cum-erection contracts, the value of capital supplies received at site and accepted, capital goods in transit and under inspection and the cost of Property, plant and equipment that are not yet ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date.
7. Intangible Assets, Intangible Asset under Development
The cost of software (which is not an integral part of the related hardware) acquired for internal use and resulting in significant future economic benefits, is recognised as an Intangible Asset in the books of accounts when the same is ready for use. Intangible Assets that are not yet ready for their intended use as at the Balance Sheet date are classified as âIntangible Assets under Developmentâ.
Cost of Developmental work which is completed, wherever eligible, is recognised as an Intangible Asset.
Cost of Developmental work under progress, wherever eligible, is classified as âIntangible Assets under Developmentâ.
Carrying amount includes amount funded by the company to external agencies towards developmental project(s) and expenditure incurred by the company towards material cost, employee cost and other direct expenditure.
8. Depreciation / Amortisation
Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The Company, based on technical assessments, depreciates certain items of building, plant and equipment and other asset classes over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The Management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.
Where cost of a part of the asset is significant to total cost of the asset and estimated useful life of that part is different from the estimated useful life of the remaining asset, estimated useful life of that significant part is determined separately and the significant part is depreciated on straight-line basis over its estimated useful life.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
Intangible assets are amortised over their respective individual estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis, from the date that they are available for use. The residual values, useful lives and amortisation methods, are reviewed periodically at each financial year end.
9. Disposal of Property, Plant and Equipment
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
10. Research and Development Expenditure
(i) Expenditure on Research activity is recognised as an expense in the period when it is incurred.
(ii) Development expenditure (other than on specific development - cum sales contracts and Developmental projects initiated at customerâs request), is charged off as expenditure when incurred. Developmental expenditure on development â cum - sale contracts and on Developmental projects initiated at customerâs request are treated at par with other sales contracts.
Development expenditure incurred in respect of Joint development projects which are not fully compensated by the development partner are carried forward where the company is nominated as a production agency and future economic benefits are expected.
Where such developmental projects do not fructify into a customer order, the total expenditure booked in respect of such projects is charged off in the year the project is closed.
(iii) Expenditure incurred towards other developmental activity (including joint developmental activity in collaboration with external agencies) where the research results or other knowledge is applied for developing new or improved products or processes, are recognised as an Intangible Asset if the recognition criteria specified in Ind AS 38 are met and when the product or process developed is expected to be technically and commercially usable, the company has sufficient resources to complete development and subsequently use or sell the intangible asset, and the product or process is likely to generate future economic benefits.
(iv) Expenditure incurred on Developmental projects for participating in No Cost No Commitment (NCNC) trials, based on Request for Quote from customer, are carried forward till conclusion of the trials and will be amortised over the orders to be received. In case customer order is not forthcoming or on closure of project, the amount will be either capitalised if further economic benefit is expected from its use or charged off.
11. Expenditure on Technical Know-How
Expenditure incurred on technical know-how is charged off to Statement of Profit and Loss on incurrence unless it qualifies for recognition as an Intangible Asset either separately on its own or in combination with other assets / expenses.
12. Investment Property
Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.
13. Impairment of Non-Financial Assets
The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the assetâs recoverable amount. An assetâs recoverable amount is the higher of an assetâs or Cash Generating Unitâs (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset in determining fair value less costs of disposal.
Reversal of impairment provision is made when there is an increase in the estimated service potential of an asset or Cash Generating Unit (CGU), either from use or sale, on reassessment after the date when impairment loss for that asset was last recognised.
14. Leases
A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease.
(i) Company as a Lessee
Finance leases are capitalised at lower of fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments on commencement of the lease. Finance charges are recognised as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss. A leased asset is amortised over the estimated useful life of the asset or lease term, whichever is lower.
Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term, except when the lease payments escalate in accordance to general inflation or are otherwise justified.
(ii) Company as a Lessor
Operating lease income is recognised over the lease term on straight line basis, except when the escalations are due to general inflation or otherwise justified. Contingent rents, if any, are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned.
In case of a Finance lease, amounts due from lessees are recorded as receivables as the Companyâs net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.
15. Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. General borrowing costs are capitalised to qualifying assets by applying a capitalisation rate to the expenditure on that asset. The capitalisation rate is the weighted average of the borrowing costs applicable to general borrowings outstanding, other than specific borrowings. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
16. Government Grants
Grants from Government are measured at fair value and initially recognised as Deferred Income.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of acquisition of Fixed Asset is transferred to the credit of Statement of Profit and Loss in proportion to the depreciation charged on the respective assets to the extent attributable to Government Grants utilised for the acquisition.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of Revenue Expenses is transferred to the credit of Statement of Profit and Loss to the extent of expenditure incurred in the ratio of the funding to the total sanctioned cost, limited to the government grant received.
17. Investments in Joint Venture and Associates
The Company accounts for itâs interests in associates and joint ventures in the separate financial statements at cost.
18. Inventories
All inventories of the Company other than disposable scrap are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. Disposable scrap is valued at estimated net realisable value. Cost of materials is ascertained by using the weighted average cost formula.
Cost of Work - in - progress and finished goods include Materials, Direct Labour and appropriate overheads.
Adequate provision is made for inventory which are more than five years old which may not be required for further use.
19. Income Taxes
Income tax comprises of current and deferred tax.
(i) Current Income Tax
Current tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Current tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.
(ii) Deferred Tax
Deferred tax is provided using the Balance Sheet method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised.
20. Provision for Warranties
Provision for expenditure on account of performance guarantee & replacement / repair of goods sold is made on the basis of trend based estimates.
21. Foreign Currencies
Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at their respective currency exchange rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency exchange rate at the reporting date. Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the functional currency exchange rate at the dates of the initial transactions.
22. Employee Benefits
(i) All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the related services are classified as short term employee benefits and they mainly include (a) Wages & Salaries; (b) Short-term compensated absences; (c) Profit-sharing, incentives and bonuses and (d) Non-monetary benefits such as medical care, subsidised transport, canteen facilities etc., which are valued on undiscounted basis and recognised during the period in which the related services are rendered.
(ii) Incremental liability for payment of long term compensated absences such as Annual Leave, Sick Leave and Half Pay Leave is determined as the difference between present value of the obligation determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit method and the carrying value of the provision contained in the balance sheet and provided for.
(iii) Incremental liability for payment of Gratuity and Employee Provident fund to employees is determined as the difference between present value of the obligation determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit Method and the Fair Value of Plan Assets funded in an approved trust set up for the purpose for which monthly contributions are made in the case of provident fund and lump sum contributions in the case of gratuity.
(iv) Incremental liability under BEL Retired Employees Contributory Health Scheme (BERECHS) is determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit Method and provided for.
(v) Actuarial liability for the year is determined with reference to employees at the end of January of each year.
(vi) Actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognised immediately in other comprehensive income (OCI). Net interest expense (income) on the net defined liability (asset) is computed by applying the discount rate, used to measure the net defined liability (asset), to the net defined liability (asset) at the start of the financial year after taking into account any changes as a result of contribution and benefit payments during the year. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in statement of profit and loss.
When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognised immediately in statement of profit and loss.
(vii) Payments of voluntary retirement benefits are charged off to revenue on incurrence.
(viii) Defined Contribution Plan
The Company operates employee pension scheme and superannuation pension scheme for its employees that are categorised as a defined contribution plans. For defined contribution plans, the Company pays contributions to independently administered funds at a fixed percentage of employeesâ pay. These contributions are recorded in the statement of profit and loss. The Companyâs liability is limited to the extent of contributions made to these funds.
23. Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.
A provision for onerous contracts other than construction contracts is recognised when the expected benefits to be derived by the Company from a contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract. The provision is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before a provision is established, the Company recognizes any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
24. Cash Flow Statement
Cash flow statement has been prepared in accordance with the indirect method prescribed in Ind AS 7 -Statement of Cash Flows.
25. Fair value Measurement
The Company measures certain financial instruments, such as derivatives and other items in itâs financial statements at fair value at each balance sheet date.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole :
Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
Level 3 - Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy.
26. Financial Assets
(i) Initial Recognition and Measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value. In the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset are included in the cost of the asset.
(ii) Subsequent Measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories :
- Debt instruments measured at amortised cost,
- Debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI),
- Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL),
- Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI).
(iii) Derecognition
A financial asset or part of a financial asset is derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired.
(iv) Trade and Other Receivables
Receivables are initially recognised at fair value, which in most cases approximates the nominal value. If there is any subsequent indication that those assets may be impaired, they are reviewed for impairment.
27. Forward Contracts
The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.
28. Embedded Derivative
The embedded derivative, if required, is separated from host contract and measured at fair value.
29. Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash comprises of cash on hand and demand deposits. Cash equivalents are short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.
Bank overdrafts, if any, are classified as borrowings under current liabilities in the balance sheet.
30. Impairment of Financial Assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies the expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial assets with credit risk exposure.
(i) Time barred dues from the government / government departments / government companies are generally not considered as increase in credit risk of such financial asset.
(ii) Where dues are disputed in legal proceedings, provision is made if any decision is given against the Company even if the same is taken up on appeal to higher authorities / courts.
(iii) Dues outstanding for significant period of time are reviewed and provision is made on a case to case basis.
Impairment loss allowance (or reversal) is recognised as expense / income in the statement of profit and loss.
31. Financial Liabilities
(i) Initial Recognition and Measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, at fair value through profit or loss as loans, borrowings, payables, or derivatives, as appropriate.
Loans, borrowings and payables, are stated net of transaction costs that are directly attributable to them.
(ii) Subsequent Measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below :
Financial Liabilities at fair value through Profit or Loss :
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined in Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
(iii) Loans and Borrowings
After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest Rate method (EIR). Gains and losses are recognised as profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.
(iv) Trade and Other Payables
Liabilities are recognised for amounts to be paid in future for goods or services received, whether billed by the supplier or not.
32. Reclassification of Financial Instruments
The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively.
33. Offsetting of Financial Instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
34. Cash Dividend and Non-Cash distribution to Equity Holders
The Company recognises a liability to make cash or noncash distributions to equity holders when the distribution is authorised and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company.
35. Errors and Estimates
The Company revises itâs accounting policies if the change is required due to a change in Ind AS or if the change will provide more relevant and reliable information to the users of the financial statements. Changes in accounting policies are applied retrospectively.
A change in an accounting estimate that results in changes in the carrying amounts of recognised assets or liabilities or to statement of profit and loss is applied prospectively in the period(s) of change.
Discovery of material errors results in revisions retrospectively by restating the comparative amounts of assets, liabilities and equity of the earliest prior period in which the error is discovered. The opening balances of the earliest period presented are also restated.
36. Earnings Per Share
The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share data for its ordinary shares. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for own shares held. Diluted earnings per share is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders and the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, adjusted for own shares held, for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.
37. Events after the Reporting Period
Adjusting events are events that provide further evidence of conditions that existed at the end of the reporting period. The financial statements are adjusted for such events before authorisation for issue.
Non-adjusting events are events that are indicative of conditions that arose after the end of the reporting period. Non-adjusting events after the reporting date are not accounted, but disclosed.
Mar 31, 2017
1. Basis of Preparation
The financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (GAAP) comprises the mandatory Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) [as notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015.], to the extent applicable, the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 and these have been consistently applied.
These are the Companyâs first annual financial statements prepared in accordance with Ind AS. The company has adopted all applicable Ind AS and adoptions were carried out in accordance with Ind AS 101 - First time adoption of Indian Accounting Standards. An explanation of how the transition to Ind AS has affected the reported financial position, financial performance and cash flows of the Company is provided in note 37.
2. Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that the management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liability and contingent assets as at the date of financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Although such estimates are made on a reasonable and prudent basis taking into account of all available information, actual results could differ from these estimates and such differences are recognised in the period in which the results are ascertained.
3. Basis of Measurement
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value:
- Derivative financial instruments, if any
- Financial assets and liabilities that are qualified to be measured at fair value
- The defined benefit asset / liability is recognised as the present value of defined benefit obligation less fair value of plan assets.
4. Functional and Presentation Currency
The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR) which is the functional and the presentation currency of the Company.
5. Revenue Recognition
(i) Sale of Goods
Revenue from the sale of goods is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns, trade discounts and volume rebates. Revenue is recognised when the significant risk and reward of ownership have been transferred to the customer as per the terms of sale agreement, neither continuing management involvement nor effective control over the goods is retained, recovery of the consideration is probable, and the amount of cost incurred and the revenue can be measured reliably. The timing of the transfer of risks and rewards is evaluated based on Inco-terms of the sales agreement.
(ii) Ex- Works Contract
In case of Ex-works contract, revenue is recognised when the specified goods are unconditionally appropriated to the contract after prior Inspection and acceptance, if required.
(iii) FOR Contracts
In the case of FOR contracts revenue is recognised, when the goods are handed over to the carrier for transmission to the buyer after prior inspection and acceptance, if stipulated, and in the case of FOR destination contracts, if there is a reasonable expectation of the goods reaching destination within the accounting period. Revenue is recognised even if goods are retained with the company at the request of the customer.
(iv) Bill and Hold Sales
For bill-and-hold transactions, revenue is recognised when the customer takes title, provided that:
- it is probable that delivery will be made;
- the item is on hand, identified and ready for delivery to the buyer at the time when the revenue is recognised;
- the buyer specifically acknowledges the deferred delivery instructions;
- the usual payment terms apply.
(v) Construction Contracts
Contract revenue includes initial amount agreed in the contract and any variations in contract work, claims and incentive payments, to the extent it is probable that they will result in revenue and can be measured reliably.
Contract revenue is recognised in proportion to the stage of completion of the contract. Stage of completion is assessed based on the ratio of actual costs incurred on the contract up to the reporting date to the estimated total costs expected to complete the contract.
If the outcome cannot be estimated reliably and where it is probable that the costs will be recovered, revenue is recognised to the extent of costs incurred.
When it is probable that total contract costs at completion will exceed total contract revenue, the expected loss at completion is recognised immediately as an expense.
(vi) Price Escalations and Exchange Rate Variation Claims
In case of contracts where additional consideration is to be determined and approved by the customers, such additional revenue is recognised on receipt of confirmation from the customer(s).
(vii) Bundled Contracts :
In case of a Bundled contract, where separate fee for installation and commissioning or any other separately identifiable component is not stipulated, the Company applies the recognition criteria to separately identifiable components (sale of goods and installation and commissioning, etc.) of the transaction and allocates the revenue to those separate components based on their relative fair value.
(viii) Multiple Elements:
In cases where the installation and commissioning or any other separately identifiable component is stipulated and price for the same agreed separately, the Company applies the recognition criteria to separately identified components (sale of goods and installation and commissioning, etc.) of the transaction and allocates the revenue to those separate components based on their relative fair value.
(ix) Sales exclude Sales Tax / Value Added Tax (VAT) and include Excise Duty.
(x) Revenue from Services
Revenue relating to Maintenance contracts are recognised on accrual basis.
For other fixed-price contracts (including revenue from software related services), revenue is recognised in proportion to the stage of completion of the transaction at the reporting date.
Revenue in respect of other category of services is recognised on rendering of service.
(xi) Interest Income
Interest income is recognised using the effective interest rate method.
(xii) Dividend Income
Dividend income is recognised when the Companyâs right to receive the payment is established.
(xiii) Rental Income
Rental income arising from operating leases is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless increase in rentals are in line with expected inflation or otherwise justified.
(xiv) Duty Drawbacks
Duty drawback claims on exports are accounted on preferring the claims.
(xv) Other Income
Other income not specifically stated above is recognised on accrual basis.
6. Property, Plant and Equipment, Capital Work-in-Progress
Property, plant and equipment is initially measured at cost and subsequently at cost less accumulated depreciation and cumulative impairment losses, if any. Cost for this purpose includes all attributable costs for bringing the asset to its location and condition. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset, if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.
The cost of fixed assets not ready for their intended use as at each balance sheet date is disclosed as capital work-in-progress.
Capital work-in-progress comprises supply-cum-erection contracts, the value of capital supplies received at site and accepted, capital goods in transit and under inspection and the cost of Property, Plant and equipment that are not yet ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date.
7. Intangible Assets, Intangible Asset under Development
The cost of software (which is not an integral part of the related hardware) acquired for internal use and resulting in significant future economic benefits, is recognised as an Intangible Asset in the books of accounts when the same is ready for use. Intangible Assets that are not yet ready for their intended use as at the Balance Sheet date are classified as âIntangible Assets under Developmentâ.
Cost of Developmental work which is completed, wherever eligible, is recognised as an Intangible Asset.
Cost of Developmental work under progress, wherever eligible, is classified as âIntangible Assets under Developmentâ.
Carrying amount includes amount funded by the company to external agencies towards developmental project(s) and expenditure incurred by the company towards material cost, employee cost and other direct expenditure.
8. Depreciation / Amortisation
Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The Company, based on technical assessments, depreciates certain items of building, plant and equipment and other asset classes over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The Management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.
Where cost of a part of the asset is significant to total cost of the asset and estimated useful life of that part is different from the estimated useful life of the remaining asset, estimated useful life of that significant part is determined separately and the significant part is depreciated on straight-line basis over its estimated useful life.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
Intangible assets are amortised over their respective individual estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis, from the date that they are available for use. The residual values, useful lives and amortisation methods, are reviewed periodically at each financial year end.
9. Disposal of Property, Plant and Equipment
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
10. Research and Development Expenditure
(i) Expenditure on Research activity is recognised as an expense in the period when it is incurred.
(ii) Development expenditure (other than on specific development- cum sales contracts and Developmental projects initiated at customerâs request), is charged off as expenditure when incurred. Developmental expenditure on development - cum - sale contracts and on Developmental projects initiated at customerâs request are treated at par with other sales contracts.
Development expenditure incurred in respect of Joint development projects which are not fully compensated by the development partner are carried forward where the company is nominated as a production agency and future economic benefits are expected.
Where such developmental projects do not fructify into a customer order, the total expenditure booked in respect of such projects is charged off in the year the project is closed.
(iii) Expenditure incurred towards other developmental activity (including joint developmental activity in collaboration with external agencies) where the research results or other knowledge is applied for developing new or improved products or processes, are recognised as an Intangible Asset if the recognition criteria specified in Ind AS 38 are met and when the product or process developed is expected to be technically and commercially usable, the company has sufficient resources to complete development and subsequently use or sell the intangible asset, and the product or process is likely to generate future economic benefits.
(iv) Expenditure incurred on Developmental projects for participating in No Cost No Commitment (NCNC) trials, based on Request for Quote from customer, are carried forward till conclusion of the trials and will be amortised over the orders to be received. In case customer order is not forthcoming or on closure of project, the amount will be either capitalised if further economic benefit is expected from its use or charged off.
11. Expenditure on Technical Know-How
Expenditure incurred on technical know-how is charged off to Statement of Profit and Loss on incurrence unless it qualifies for recognition as an Intangible Asset either separately on its own or in combination with other assets / expenses.
12. Investment Property
Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.
13. Impairment of Non-Financial Assets
The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the assetâs recoverable amount. An assetâs recoverable amount is the higher of an assetâs or cash-generating unitâs (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset in determining fair value less costs of disposal.
Reversal of impairment provision is made when there is an increase in the estimated service potential of an asset or Cash Generating Unit (CGU), either from use or sale, on reassessment after the date when impairment loss for that asset was last recognised.
14. Leases
A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease.
(i) Company as a Lessee
Finance leases are capitalised at lower of fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments on commencement of the lease. Finance charges are recognised as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss. A leased asset is amortised over the estimated useful life of the asset or lease term whichever is lower.
Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the Statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term, except when the lease payments escalate in accordance to general inflation or are otherwise justified.
(ii) Company as a Lessor
Operating lease income is recognised over the lease term on straight line basis, except when the escalations are due to general inflation or otherwise justified. Contingent rents, if any, are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned.
In case of a Finance lease, amounts due from lessees are recorded as receivables as the Companyâs net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.
15. Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. General borrowing costs are capitalised to qualifying assets by applying a capitalisation rate to the expenditure on that asset. The capitalisation rate is the weighted average of the borrowing costs applicable to general borrowings outstanding, other than specific borrowings. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
16. Government Grants
Grants from Government are measured at fair value and initially recognised as Deferred Income.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of acquisition of Fixed Assets is transferred to the credit of Statement of Profit and Loss in proportion to the depreciation charged on the respective assets to the extent attributable to Government Grants utilised for the acquisition.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of Revenue Expenses is transferred to the credit of Statement of Profit and Loss to the extent of expenditure incurred in the ratio of the funding to the total sanctioned cost, limited to the government grant received.
17. Investments in Joint Venture and Associates
The Company accounts for itâs interests in associates and joint ventures in the separate financial statements at cost.
18. Inventories
All inventories of the Company other than disposable scrap are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. Disposable scrap is valued at estimated net realisable value. Cost of materials is ascertained by using the weighted average cost formula.
Cost of Work - in - progress and finished goods include Materials, Direct Labour and appropriate overheads. Finished goods at factories include applicable excise duty. Adequate provision is made for inventory which are more than five years old which may not be required for further use.
19. Income Taxes
Income tax comprises of current and deferred tax.
(i) Current Income Tax
Current tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Current tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the Statement of profit and loss.
(ii) Deferred Tax
Deferred tax is provided using the Balance sheet method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised.
20. Provision for Warranties
Provision for expenditure on account of performance guarantee & replacement / repair of goods sold is made on the basis of trend based estimates.
21. Foreign Currencies
Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at their respective currency exchange rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency exchange rate at the reporting date. Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of profit and loss. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the functional currency exchange rate at the dates of the initial transactions.
22. Employee Benefits
(i) All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the related services are classified as short term employee benefits and they mainly include (a) Wages & Salaries;
(b) Short-term compensated absences; (c) Profit-sharing, incentives and bonuses and (d) Nonmonetary benefits such as medical care, subsidised transport, canteen facilities etc., which are valued on undiscounted basis and recognised during the period in which the related services are rendered.
(ii) Incremental liability for payment of long term compensated absences such as Annual Leave, Sick Leave and Half Pay Leave is determined as the difference between present value of the obligation determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit method and the carrying value of the provision contained in the balance sheet and provided for.
(iii) Incremental liability for payment of Gratuity and Employee Provident fund to employees is determined as the difference between present value of the obligation determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit Method and the Fair Value of Plan Assets funded in an approved trust set up for the purpose for which monthly contributions are made in the case of provident fund and lump sum contributions in the case of gratuity.
(iv) Incremental liability under BEL Retired Employees Contributory Health Scheme (BERECHS) is determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit Method and provided for.
(v) Actuarial liability for the year is determined with reference to employees at the end of January of each year.
(vi) Actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognised immediately in other comprehensive income (OCI). Net interest expense (income) on the net defined liability (assets) is computed by applying the discount rate, used to measure the net defined liability (asset), to the net defined liability (asset) at the start of the financial year after taking into account any changes as a result of contribution and benefit payments during the year. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in Statement of profit and loss.
When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognised immediately in Statement of profit and loss.
(vii) Payments of voluntary retirement benefits are charged off to revenue on incurrence.
(viii) Defined Contribution Plan
The Company operates employee pension scheme and superannuation pension scheme for its employees that are categorised as a defined contribution plans. For defined contribution plans, the Company pays contributions to independently administered funds at a fixed percentage of employeesâ pay. These contributions are recorded in the statement of profit and loss. The Companyâs liability is limited to the extent of contributions made to these funds.
23. Provision & Contingent Liabilities
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.
A provision for onerous contracts other than construction contracts is recognised when the expected benefits to be derived by the Company from a contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract. The provision is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before a provision is established, the Company recognizes any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
24. Cash Flow Statement
Cash flow statement has been prepared in accordance with the indirect method prescribed in Ind AS 7 - Statement of Cash Flows.
25. Fair value Measurement
The Company measures certain financial instruments, such as derivatives and other items in itâs financial statements at fair value at each balance sheet date.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
Level 3 - Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy.
26. Financial Assets
(i) Initial Recognition and Measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value. In the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset are included in the cost of the asset.
(ii) Subsequent Measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
- Debt instruments measured at amortised cost,
- Debt instruments measured at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI),
- Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL),
- Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI).
(iii) Derecognition
A financial asset or part of a financial asset is derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired.
(iv) Trade and Other Receivables
Receivables are initially recognised at fair value, which in most cases approximates the nominal value. If there is any subsequent indication that those assets may be impaired, they are reviewed for impairment.
27. Forward Contracts
The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.
28. Embedded Derivative
The embedded derivative, if required, is separated from host contract and measured at fair value.
29. Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash comprises of cash on hand and demand deposits. Cash equivalents are short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.
Bank overdrafts, if any, are classified as borrowings under current liabilities in the balance sheet.
30. Impairment of Financial Assets
In accordance with Ind-AS 109, the Company applies the Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial assets with credit risk exposure.
a. Time barred dues from the government / government departments / government companies are generally not considered as increase in credit risk of such financial asset.
b. Where dues are disputed in legal proceedings, provision is made if any decision is given against the Company even if the same is taken up on appeal to higher authorities / courts.
c. Dues outstanding for significant period of time are reviewed and provision is made on a case to case basis.
Impairment loss allowance (or reversal) is recognised as expense / income in the statement of profit and loss.
31. Financial Liabilities
(i) Initial Recognition and Measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, at fair value through profit or loss as loans, borrowings, payables, or derivatives, as appropriate.
Loans, borrowings and payables, are stated net of transaction costs that are directly attributable to them.
(ii) Subsequent Measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below :
Financial Liabilities at fair value through Profit or Loss :
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined in Ind-AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
(iii) Loans and Borrowings
After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest Rate method (EIR). Gains and losses are recognised as profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.
(iv) Trade and Other Payables
Liabilities are recognised for amounts to be paid in future for goods or services received, whether billed by the supplier or not.
32. Reclassification of Financial Instruments
The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively.
33. Offsetting of Financial Instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
34. Cash Dividend and Non-Cash distribution to Equity Holders
The Company recognises a liability to make cash or noncash distributions to equity holders when the distribution is authorised and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company.
35. Errors and Estimates
The Company revises itâs accounting policies if the change is required due to a change in Ind AS or if the change will provide more relevant and reliable information to the users of the financial statements. Changes in accounting policies are applied retrospectively.
A change in an accounting estimate that results in changes in the carrying amounts of recognised assets or liabilities or to statement of profit and loss is applied prospectively in the period(s) of change.
Discovery of material errors results in revisions retrospectively by restating the comparative amounts of assets, liabilities and equity of the earliest prior period in which the error is discovered. The opening balances of the earliest period presented are also restated.
36. Earnings Per Share
The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share data for its ordinary shares. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for own shares held. Diluted earnings per share is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders and the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, adjusted for own shares held, for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.
37. Events after the Reporting Period
Adjusting events are events that provide further evidence of conditions that existed at the end of the reporting period. The financial statements are adjusted for such events before authorisation for issue.
Non-adjusting events are events that are indicative of conditions that arose after the end of the reporting period. Non-adjusting events after the reporting date are not accounted, but disclosed.
Mar 31, 2015
1. BASIS OF ACCOUNTING
The financial statements are prepared and presented under the
historical cost convention, in accordance with Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles in India (GAAP), on the accrual basis of
accounting, except as stated herein. GAAP comprises the mandatory
Accounting Standards (AS) [as notified under section 133 of the
Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules,
2014], to the extent applicable, the provisions of the Companies Act,
2013 and these have been consistently applied.
2. USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP
requires that the management make estimates and assumptions that affect
the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of
contingent liability as at the date of financial statements and the
reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period.
Although such estimates are made on a reasonable and prudent basis
taking into account all available information, actual results could
differ from these estimates and such differences are recognised in the
period in which the results are ascertained.
3. REVENUE RECOGNITION
(i) Revenue from sale of goods is recognised as under :
a. In the case of FOR contracts, when the goods are handed over to the
carrier for transmission to the buyer after prior inspection and
acceptance, if stipulated, and in the case of FOR destination
contracts, if there is a reasonable expectation of the goods reaching
destination within the accounting period. Revenue is recognised even if
goods are retained with the company at the request of the customer.
b. In the case of ex-works contracts, when the specified goods are
unconditionally appropriated to the contract after prior inspection and
acceptance, if required.
c. In the case of contracts for supply of complex equipments / systems
where the normal cycle time of completion / delivery period is more
than 24 months and the value of the equipment / system is more than Rs.
100 crores, revenue is recognised on the "percentage completion"
method. Percentage completion is based on the ratio of actual costs
incurred on the contract upto the reporting date to the estimated total
cost of the contract.
Since the outcome of such a contract can be estimated reliably only on
achieving certain progress, revenue is recognised upto 25% progress
only to the extent of costs. After this stage, revenue is recognised on
proportionate basis and a contingency provision equal to 20% of the
surplus of revenue over costs is made while anticipated losses are
recognised in full.
d. If the sale price is pending finalisation, revenue is recognised on
the basis of price expected to be realised. Where break up prices of
sub units sold are not provided for, the same are estimated.
e. Price revisions and claims for price escalations on contracts are
accounted on admittance.
f. In case of a composite contract, where separate fee for installation
and commissioning is not stipulated and the supply is effected and
installation and commissioning work is pending, the estimated costs to
be incurred on installation and commissioning activity is provided for
and revenue is recognised as per the contract.
g. Sales exclude Sales Tax / Value Added Tax (VAT) and include Excise
Duty.
(ii) Revenue from Service Income is recognised as under:
a. Where installation and commissioning is stipulated and price for the
same agreed separately, revenue relating to installation and
commissioning is recognised on conclusion of installation and
commissioning activity.
b. Revenue in respect of Maintenance Contracts is recognized on accrual
basis.
c. Revenue in respect of other categories of services is recognized on
rendering of service.
(iii) Other income is recognised on accrual.
4. FIXED ASSETS, CAPITAL WORK-IN-PROGRESS AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS UNDER
DEVELOPMENT :
(i) Tangible Assets :
Tangible Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation
/ amortisation including where the same is acquired in full or in part
with government grant. Cost for this purpose includes all attributable
costs for bringing the asset to its location and condition, cost of
computer software which is an integral part of the related hardware,
and also includes borrowing costs during the acquisition / construction
phase, if it is a qualifying asset requiring substantial period of time
to get ready for intended use. The cost of Fixed Assets acquired from
a place outside India includes the exchange differences if any,
arising in respect of liabilities in foreign currency incurred for
acquisition of the same upto 31 March 2007.
Capital work-in-progress comprises supply-cum- erection contracts, the
value of capital supplies received at site and accepted, capital goods
in transit and under inspection and the cost of Fixed Assets that are
not yet ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date.
(ii) Intangible Assets :
The cost of software (which is not an integral part of the related
hardware) acquired for internal use and resulting in significant future
economic benefits, is recognised as an Intangible Asset in the books of
accounts when the same is ready for use. Intangible Assets that are not
yet ready for their intended use as at the Balance Sheet date are
classified as "Intangible Assets under Development".
(iii) Impairment of Assets :
The Company assesses the impairment of assets with reference to each
Cash Generating Unit (CGU) at each Balance Sheet date if events or
changes in circumstances, based on internal and external factors,
indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable in full. The
loss on account of impairment, which is the difference between the
carrying amount and recoverable amount, is accounted accordingly.
Recoverable amount of a CGU is its Net Selling Price or Value in Use
whichever is higher. The Value in Use is arrived at on the basis of
estimated future cash flows discounted at Company's pre-tax borrowing
rates.
Reversal of impairment provision is made when there is an increase in
the estimated service potential of an asset, either from use or sale,
on reassessment after the date when impairment loss for that asset was
last recognised.
5. DEPRECIATION / AMORTISATION
Tangible depreciable Fixed Assets are generally depreciated on
straight-line method over the useful life of the assets estimated by
the Management and in the manner prescribed in Schedule II to the
Companies Act, 2013.
Where cost of a part of the asset is significant to total cost of the
asset and useful life of that part is different from the useful life of
the remaining asset, useful life of that significant part is determined
separately and the significant part depreciated on straight-line method
over its estimated useful life.
Special instruments are amortized over related production. Intangible
Assets are amortized over a period of three years on straight-line
method. Prorata depreciation / amortization is charged from / upto the
date on which the assets are ready to be put to use / are deleted or
discarded. Leasehold land is amortised over the period of lease.
6. BORROWING COSTS
Borrowing costs that are specifically attributable to qualifying assets
as defined in Accounting Standard AS 16 are added to the cost of such
assets until use or sale and the balance expensed in the year in which
the same is incurred.
7. RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE
(i) Research and Development expenditure (other than on specific
development- cum sales contracts and R&D projects initiated at
customer's request), is charged off as expenditure when incurred. R&D
expenditure on development - cum - sale contracts and on R&D projects
initiated at customer's request are treated at par with other sales
contracts.
(ii) Where R&D projects are initiated at customer's request, and such
projects do not fructify into a customer order, the total expenditure
booked in respect of such projects is charged off in the year the
project is closed.
(iii) R&D expenditure on Fixed Assets is capitalised.
8. GOVERNMENT GRANTS
All Grants from Government are initially recognised as Deferred Income.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of acquisition of Fixed
Assets is transferred to the credit of Statement of Profit and Loss in
proportion to the depreciation charged on the respective assets to the
extent attributable to Government Grants utilised for the acquisition.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of Revenue Expenses is
transferred to the credit of Statement of Profit and Loss to the extent
of expenditure incurred in the ratio of the funding to the total
sanctioned cost, limited to the grant received.
Grants in the nature of promoter's contribution are credited to Capital
Reserve.
9. INVESTMENTS
(i) Investments are categorised as Trade Investments or Other
Investments. Trade investments are the investments made to enhance the
Company's business interests.
(ii) Investments are further classified either as long-term or current
based on the Management's intention at the time of purchase. Long term
investments are valued at acquisition cost. Any diminution in the value
other than of temporary nature is provided for. Current investments
are carried at lower of cost or fair value.
10. INVENTORY VALUATION
All inventories of the Company other than disposable scrap are valued
at lower of cost or net realisable value. Disposable scrap is valued
at estimated net realisable value. Cost of materials is ascertained by
using the weighted average cost formula. Cost of work in progress and
finished goods include Materials, Direct Labour and appropriate
overheads. Finished goods at factories include applicable excise duty.
Adequate provision is made for inventory which are more than five years
old which may not be required for further use.
11. TRADE RECEIVABLES AND OTHER RECEIVABLES
(i) Full provision is made for all Trade Receivables and Other
Receivables considered doubtful of recovery having regard to the
following considerations :
a. Time barred dues from the government / government departments /
government companies are generally not treated as doubtful.
b. Where dues are disputed in legal proceedings, provision is made if
any decision is given against the Company even if the same is taken up
on appeal to higher authorities / courts.
(ii) Provision for bad and doubtful dues is generally made for dues
outstanding for more than three years, excepting those which are
contractually not due as per the terms of the contract or those which
are considered realisable based on a case to case review.
12. INCOME TAX
Tax expense comprising current tax after considering deferred tax as
determined under the prevailing tax laws are recognised in the
Statement of Profit and Loss for the period.
Certain items of income and expenditure are not considered in tax
returns and financial statements in the same period. The net tax effect
calculated at the current enacted tax rates of this timing difference
is reported as deferred income tax asset / liability. The effect on
deferred tax assets and liabilities due to change in such assets /
liabilities as at the end of the accounting period as compared to the
beginning of the period and due to a change in tax rates are recognised
in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period.
13. PROVISION FOR WARRANTIES
Provision for expenditure on account of performance guarantee &
replacement / repair of goods sold is made on the basis of trend based
estimates.
14. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS
Foreign exchange transactions including that of integral foreign
branches are recorded using the exchange rates prevailing on the dates
of the respective transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities
denominated in foreign currencies as at the balance sheet date are
translated at period-end rates. The resultant exchange difference
arising from settlement of transactions during the period and
translations at the period end, except those upto 31 March 2007
relating to acquisition of Fixed Assets from a place outside India, is
recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Exchange differences
relating to the acquisition of Fixed Assets were adjusted in the
carrying cost of the Fixed Assets till 31 March 2007.
Premium or discount arising at the inception of the forward exchange
contract is amortised as income / expenditure over the life of the
contract. Premium arising at the time of entering into an Options
contract is charged off at the time of inception of the Contract.
The exchange rate differences on the amount of forward exchange
contracts between the rate on the last reporting date / the rate at the
time of entering into a contract during the period and the rate on the
settlement date / reporting date are recognised in the Statement of
Profit and Loss in the reporting period in which the exchange rates
change.
In accordance with the announcement of ICAI on Accounting for
Derivatives, Forward Exchange Contracts / Options Contracts entered
into to Hedge the Foreign Currency Risk of a "Firm Commitment" or a
Highly Probable forecast transaction and outstanding as on
reporting date are valued on Marked to Market basis and losses, if any,
are adjusted in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Any gain on Marked to
Market valuation is not recognized by the company keeping in view the
principle of prudence as enunciated in AS-1- Disclosure of Accounting
Policy.
Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of a forward
exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense in the period
when the cancellation or renewal occurs.
15. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
(i) All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of
rendering the related services are classified as short term employee
benefits and they mainly include (a) Wages & Salaries; (b) Short-term
compensated absences; (c) Profit-sharing, incentives and bonuses and
(d) Non-monetary benefits such as medical care, subsidised transport,
canteen facilities etc., which are valued on undiscounted basis and
recognised during the period in which the related services are
rendered.
Incremental liability for payment of long term compensated absences
such as Annual Leave, Sick Leave and Half Pay Leave is determined as
the difference between present value of the obligation determined
annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit method and the
carrying value of the provision contained in the balance sheet and
provided for.
(ii) (a) Defined contribution to Employee Pension Scheme is made on
monthly accrual basis at the applicable rates.
(b) Defined contribution to Superannuation Pension Scheme is made on
Annual basis at the applicable rates.
(iii) Incremental liability for payment of Gratuity and Employee
Provident fund to employees is determined as the difference between
present value of the obligation determined annually on actuarial basis
using Projected Unit Credit Method and the Fair Value of Plan Assets
funded in an approved trust set up for the purpose for which monthly
contributions are made in the case of provident fund and lump sum
contributions in the case of gratuity.
(iv) Incremental liability under BEL Retired Employees Contributory
Health Scheme (BERECHS) is determined annually on actuarial basis using
Projected Unit Credit Method and provided for.
(v) Actuarial liability for the year is determined with reference to
employees at the end of January of each year.
(vi) Payments of voluntary retirement benefits are charged off to
revenue on incurrence.
16. PRIOR PERIOD ADJUSTMENTS AND EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS
Prior period adjustments and extraordinary items having material impact
on the financial affairs of the Company are disclosed.
17. TECHNICAL KNOW - HOW
Revenue Expenditure incurred on technical know-how is charged off to
Statement of Profit and Loss on incurrence.
18. PROVISIONS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Provisions for losses and contingencies arising as a result of a past
event where the Management considers it probable that a liability may
be incurred, are made on the basis of the best reliable estimate of the
expenditure required to settle the present obligation on the Balance
Sheet date, and are not discounted to its present value. Provisions are
reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current
best estimate. Significant variations thereof are disclosed.
Contingent liabilities to the extent the Management is aware, are
disclosed by way of notes to the accounts.
19. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
Cash flow statement has been prepared in accordance with the indirect
method prescribed in Accounting Standard - 3 on Cash Flow Statements.
Mar 31, 2014
1. BASIS OF ACCOUNTING
The financial statements are prepared and presented under the
historical cost convention, in accordance with Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles in India (GAAP), on the accrual basis of
accounting, except as stated herein. GAAP comprises the mandatory
Accounting Standards (AS) covered by the Companies (Accounting
Standards) Rules, 2006 issued by the Central Government, to the extent
applicable, the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and the Companies
Act, 2013 (to the extent applicable) and these have been consistently
applied.
2. USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP
requires that the management make estimates and assumptions that affect
the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of
contingent liability as at the date of financial statements and the
reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period.
Although such estimates are made on a reasonable and prudent basis
taking into account all available information, actual results could
differ from these estimates and such differences are recognised in the
period in which the results are ascertained.
3. REVENUE RECOGNITION
(i) Revenue from sale of goods is recognised as under :
a. In the case of FOR contracts, when the goods are handed over to the
carrier for transmission to the buyer after prior inspection and
acceptance, if stipulated, and in the case of FOR destination
contracts, if there is a reasonable expectation of the goods reaching
destination within the accounting period. Revenue is recognised even if
goods are retained with the company at the request of the customer.
b. In the case of ex-works contracts, when the specified goods are
unconditionally appropriated to the contract after prior inspection and
acceptance, if required.
c. In the case of contracts for supply of complex equipments/systems
where the normal cycle time of completion/delivery period is more than
24 months and the value of the equipment/system is more than Rs. 100
crores, revenue is recognised on the "percentage completion" method.
Percentage completion is based on the ratio of actual costs incurred on
the contract upto the reporting date to the estimated total cost of the
contract.
Since the outcome of such a contract can be estimated reliably only on
achieving certain progress, revenue is recognised upto 25% progress
only to the extent of costs. After this stage, revenue is recognised on
proportionate basis and a contingency provision equal to 20% of the
surplus of revenue over costs is made while anticipated losses are
recognised in full.
d. If the sale price is pending finalisation, revenue is recognised on
the basis of price expected to be realised. Where break up prices of
sub units sold are not provided for, the same are estimated.
e. Price revisions and claims for price escalations on contracts are
accounted on admittance.
f. Where installation and commissioning is stipulated and price for
the same agreed separately, revenue relating to installation and
commissioning is recognised on conclusion of installation and
commissioning activity. In case of a composite contract, where separate
fee for installation and commissioning is not stipulated and the supply
is effected and installation and commissioning work is pending, the
estimated costs to be incurred on installation and commissioning
activity is provided for and revenue is recognised as per the contract.
g. Sales exclude Sales Tax / Value Added Tax (VAT) and include Excise
Duty.
(ii) Other income is recognised on accrual.
4. FIXED ASSETS, CAPITAL WORK-IN-PROGRESS AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS UNDER
DEVELOPMENT
(i) Tangible Assets :
Tangible Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation
/ amortisation including where the same is acquired in full or in part
with government grant. Cost for this purpose includes all attributable
costs for bringing the asset to its location and condition, cost of
computer software which is an integral part of the related hardware,
and also includes borrowing costs during the acquisition / construction
phase, if it is a qualifying asset requiring substantial period of time
to get ready for intended use. The cost of Fixed Assets acquired from a
place outside India includes the exchange differences if any, arising
in respect of liabilities in foreign currency incurred for acquisition
of the same upto 31.03.2007.
Capital work-in-progress comprises supply-cum- erection contracts, the
value of capital supplies received at site and accepted, capital goods
in transit and under inspection and the cost of Fixed Assets that are
not yet ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date.
(ii) Intangible Assets :
The cost of software (which is not an integral part of the related
hardware) acquired for internal use and resulting in significant future
economic benefits, is recognised as an Intangible Asset in the books of
accounts when the same is ready for use. Intangible Assets that are not
yet ready for their intended use as at the Balance Sheet date are
classified as "Intangible Assets under Development".
(iii) Impairment of Assets :
The Company assesses the impairment of assets with reference to each
Cash Generating Unit (CGU) at each Balance Sheet date if events or
changes in circumstances, based on internal and external factors,
indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable in full. The
loss on account of impairment, which is the difference between the
carrying amount and recoverable amount, is accounted accordingly.
Recoverable amount of a CGU is its Net Selling Price or Value in Use
whichever is higher. The Value in Use is arrived at on the basis of
estimated future cash fows discounted at Company''s pre-tax borrowing
rates.
Reversal of impairment provision is made when there is an increase in
the estimated service potential of an asset, either from use or sale,
on reassessment after the date when impairment loss for that asset was
last recognised.
5. DEPRECIATION / AMORTISATION
Tangible depreciable Fixed Assets are generally depreciated on
straight-line method at the rates (or higher rates as disclosed) and in
the manner prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.
Special instruments are amortised over related production. Intangible
Assets are amortised over a period of three years on straight-line
method. Prorata depreciation / amortisation is charged from / upto the
date on which the assets are ready to be put to use / are deleted or
discarded. Leasehold land is amortised over the period of lease.
6. BORROWING COSTS
Borrowing costs that are specifically attributable to qualifying assets
as defined in Accounting Standard AS 16 are added to the cost of such
assets until use or sale and the balance expensed in the year in which
the same is incurred.
7. RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE
(i) Research and Development expenditure (other than on specific
development- cum sales contracts and R&D projects initiated at
customer''s request), is charged off as expenditure when incurred. R&D
expenditure on development - cum - sale contracts and on R&D projects
initiated at customer''s request are treated at par with other sales
contracts.
(ii) Where R&D projects are initiated at customer''s request, and such
projects do not fructify into a customer order, the total expenditure
booked in respect of such projects is charged off in the year the
project is closed.
(iii) R&D expenditure on Fixed Assets is capitalised.
8. GOVERNMENT GRANTS
All Grants from Government are initially recognised as Deferred Income.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of acquisition of Fixed
Assets is transferred to the credit of Statement of Profit and Loss in
proportion to the depreciation charged on the respective assets to the
extent attributable to Government Grants utilised for the acquisition.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of Revenue Expenses is
transferred to the credit of Statement of Profit and Loss to the extent
of expenditure incurred in the ratio of the funding to the total
sanctioned cost, limited to the grant received.
Grants in the nature of promoter''s contribution are credited to Capital
Reserve.
9. INVESTMENTS
(i) Investments are categorised as Trade Investments or Other
Investments. Trade investments are the investments made to enhance the
Company''s business interests.
(ii) Investments are further classified either as long-term or current
based on the Management''s intention at the time of purchase. Long term
investments are valued at acquisition cost. Any diminution in the value
other than of temporary nature is provided for. Current investments
are carried at lower of cost or fair value.
10. INVENTORY VALUATION
All inventories of the Company other than disposable scrap are valued
at lower of cost or net realisable value. Disposable scrap is valued
at estimated net realisable value. Cost of materials is ascertained by
using the weighted average cost formula. Cost of work in progress and
finished goods include Materials, Direct Labour and appropriate
overheads. Finished goods at factories include applicable excise duty.
Adequate provision is made for inventory which are more than five years
old which may not be required for further use.
11. TRADE RECEIVABLES AND OTHER RECEIVABLES
(i) Full provision is made for all Trade Receivables and Other
Receivables considered doubtful of recovery having regard to the
following considerations :
a. Time barred dues from the government/ government departments /
government companies are generally not treated as doubtful.
b. Where dues are disputed in legal proceedings, provision is made if
any decision is given against the Company even if the same is taken up
on appeal to higher authorities / courts.
(ii) Provision for bad and doubtful dues is generally made for dues
outstanding for more than three years, excepting those which are
contractually not due as per the terms of the contract or those which
are considered realisable based on a case to case review.
12. INCOME TAX
Tax expense comprising current tax after considering deferred tax as
determined under the prevailing tax laws are recognised in the
Statement of Profit and Loss for the period.
Certain items of income and expenditure are not considered in tax
returns and financial statements in the same period. The net tax effect
calculated at the current enacted tax rates of this timing difference
is reported as deferred income tax asset / liability. The effect on
deferred tax assets and liabilities due to change in such assets /
liabilities as at the end of the accounting period as compared to the
beginning of the period and due to a change in tax rates are recognised
in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period.
13. PROVISION FOR WARRANTIES
Provision for expenditure on account of performance guarantee &
replacement / repair of goods sold is made on the basis of trend based
estimates.
14. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS
Foreign exchange transactions including that of integral foreign
branches are recorded using the exchange rates prevailing on the dates
of the respective transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities
denominated in foreign currencies as at the balance sheet date are
translated at period-end rates. The resultant exchange difference
arising from settlement of transactions during the period and
translations at the period end, except those upto 31.03.2007 relating
to acquisition of Fixed Assets from a place outside India, is
recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Exchange differences
relating to the acquisition of Fixed Assets were adjusted in the
carrying cost of the Fixed Assets till 31.03.2007.
Premium or discount arising at the inception of the forward exchange
contract is amortised as income / expenditure over the life of the
contract. Premium arising at the time of entering into an Options
contract is charged off at the time of inception of the Contract.
The exchange rate differences on the amount of forward exchange
contracts between the rate on the last reporting date / the rate at the
time of entering into a contract during the period and the rate on the
settlement date / reporting date are recognised in the Statement of
Profit and Loss in the reporting period in which the exchange rates
change.
In accordance with the announcement of ICAI on Accounting for
Derivatives, Forward Exchange Contracts / Options Contracts entered
into to Hedge the Foreign Currency Risk of a "Firm Commitment" or a
Highly Probable forecast transaction and outstanding as on reporting
date are valued on Marked to Market basis and losses, if any, are
adjusted in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Any gain on Marked to
Market valuation is not recognized by the company keeping in view the
principle of prudence as enunciated in AS-1-Disclosure of Accounting
Policy.
Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of a forward
exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense in the period
when the cancellation or renewal occurs.
15. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
(i) All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of
rendering the related services are classified as short term employee
benefits and they mainly include (a) Wages & Salaries; (b) Short-term
compensated absences; (c) Profit-sharing, incentives and bonuses and
(d) Non-monetary benefits such as medical care, subsidised transport,
canteen facilities etc., which are valued on undiscounted basis and
recognised during the period in which the related services are
rendered.
Incremental liability for payment of long term compensated absences
such as Annual Leave, Sick Leave and Half Pay Leave is determined as
the difference between present value of the obligation determined
annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit Credit method and the
carrying value of the provision contained in the balance sheet and
provided for.
(ii) (a) Defined contribution to Employee Pension Scheme is made on
monthly accrual basis at the applicable rates.
b) Defined contribution to Superannuation Pension Scheme is made on
Annual basis at the applicable rates.
(iii) Incremental liability for payment of Gratuity and Employee
Provident fund to employees is determined as the difference between
present value of the obligation determined annually on actuarial basis
using Projected Unit Credit Method and the Fair Value of Plan Assets
funded in an approved trust set up for the purpose for which monthly
contributions are made in the case of provident fund and lump sum
contributions in the case of gratuity.
(iv) Incremental liability under BEL Retired Employees Contributory
Health Scheme (BERECHS) is determined annually on actuarial basis using
Projected Unit Credit Method and provided for.
(v) Actuarial liability for the year is determined with reference to
employees at the end of January of each year.
(vi) Payments of voluntary retirement benefits are charged off to
revenue on incurrence.
16. PRIOR PERIOD ADJUSTMENTS AND EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS
Prior period adjustments and extraordinary items having material impact
on the financial affairs of the Company are disclosed.
17. TECHNICAL KNOW - HOW
Revenue Expenditure incurred on technical know-how is charged off to
Statement of Profit and Loss on incurrence.
18. PROVISIONS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Provisions for losses and contingencies arising as a result of a past
event where the Management considers it probable that a liability may
be incurred, are made on the basis of the best reliable estimate of the
expenditure required to settle the present obligation on the Balance
Sheet date, and are not discounted to its present value. Provisions
are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the
current best estimate. Significant variations thereof are disclosed.
Contingent liabilities to the extent the Management is aware, are
disclosed by way of notes to the accounts.
19. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
Cash flow statement has been prepared in accordance with the indirect
method prescribed in Accounting Standard - 3 on Cash Flow Statements.
Mar 31, 2013
1. BASIS OF ACCOUNTING
The financial statements are prepared and presented under the
historical cost convention, in accordance with Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles in India (GAAP), on the accrual basis of
accounting, except as stated herein. GAAP comprises the mandatory
Accounting Standards (AS) covered by the Companies (Accounting
Standards) Rules, 2006 issued by the Central Government, to the extent
applicable, and the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and these
have been consistently applied.
2. USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP
requires that the management make estimates and assumptions that affect
the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of
contingent liability as at the date of financial statements and the
reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period.
Although such estimates are made on a reasonable and prudent basis
taking into account all available information, actual results could
differ from these estimates and such differences are recognised in the
period in which the results are ascertained.
3. REVENUE RECOGNITION
(i) Revenue from sale of goods is recognised as under :
a. In the case of FOR contracts, when the goods are handed over to the
carrier for transmission to the buyer after prior inspection and
acceptance, if stipulated, and in the case of FOR destination
contracts, if there is a reasonable expectation of the goods reaching
destination within the accounting period. Revenue is recognised even if
goods are retained with the company at the request of the customer.
b. In the case of ex - works contracts, when the specified goods are
unconditionally appropriated to the contract after prior inspection and
acceptance, if required.
c. In the case of contracts for supply of complex equipments/systems
where the normal cycle time of completion/delivery period is more than
24 months and the value of the equipment/system is more than Rs. 100
crores, revenue is recognised on the "percentage completion"
method. Percentage completion is based on the ratio of actual costs
incurred on the contract upto the reporting date to the estimated total
cost of the contract.
Since the outcome of such a contract can be estimated reliably only on
achieving certain progress, revenue is recognised upto 25% progress
only to the extent of costs. After this stage, revenue is recognised on
proportionate basis and a contingency provision equal to 20% of the
surplus of revenue over costs is made while anticipated losses are
recognised in full.
d. If the sale price is pending finalisation, revenue is recognised on
the basis of price expected to be realised. Where break up prices of
sub units sold are not provided for, the same are estimated.
e. Price revisions and claims for price escalations on contracts are
accounted on admittance.
f. Where installation and commissioning is stipulated and price for
the same agreed separately, revenue relating to installation and
commissioning is recognised on conclusion of installation and
commissioning activity. In case of a composite contract, where separate
fee for installation and commissioning is not stipulated and the supply
is effected and installation and commissioning work is pending, the
estimated costs to be incurred on installation and commissioning
activity is provided for and revenue is recognised as per the contract.
g. Sales exclude Sales Tax / Value Added Tax (VAT) and include Excise
Duty.
(ii) Other income is recognized on accrual.
4. FIXED ASSETS, CAPITAL WORK - IN - PROGRESS AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
UNDER DEVELOPMENT:
(i) Tangible Assets :
Tangible Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation
/ amortisation including where the same is acquired in full or in part
with government grant. Cost for this purpose includes all attributable
costs for bringing the asset to its location and condition, cost of
computer software which is an integral part of the related hardware,
and also includes borrowing costs during the acquisition / construction
phase, if it is a qualifying asset requiring substantial period of time
to get ready for intended use. The cost of Fixed Assets acquired from a
place outside India includes the exchange differences if any, arising
in respect of liabilities in foreign currency incurred for acquisition
of the same upto 31.03.2007.
Capital work - in - progress comprises supply - cum - erection
contracts, the value of capital supplies received at site and accepted,
capital goods in transit and under inspection and the cost of Fixed
Assets that are not yet ready for their intended use as at the balance
sheet date.
(ii) Intangible Assets :
The cost of software (which is not an integral part of the related
hardware) acquired for internal use and resulting in significant future
economic benefits, is recognised as an Intangible Asset in the books of
accounts when the same is ready for use. Intangible Assets that are not
yet ready for their intended use as at the Balance Sheet date are
classified as "Intangible Assets under Development".
(iii) Impairment of Assets :
The Company assesses the impairment of assets with reference to each
Cash Generating Unit (CGU) at each Balance Sheet date if events or
changes in circumstances, based on internal and external factors,
indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable in full. The
loss on account of impairment, which is the difference between the
carrying amount and recoverable amount, is accounted accordingly.
Recoverable amount of a CGU is its Net Selling Price or Value in Use
whichever is higher. The Value in Use is arrived at on the basis of
estimated future cash flows discounted at Company''s pre - tax
borrowing rates.
Reversal of impairment provision is made when there is an increase in
the estimated service potential of an asset, either from use or sale,
on reassessment after the date when impairment loss for that asset was
last recognised.
5. DEPRECIATION /AMORTISATION
Tangible depreciable Fixed Assets are generally depreciated on straight
- line method at the rates (or higher rates as disclosed) and in the
manner prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Special
instruments are amortised over related production. Intangible Assets
are amortised over a period of three years on straight - line method.
Prorata depreciation / amortisation is charged from / upto the date on
which the assets are ready to be put to use / are deleted or discarded.
Leasehold land is amortised over the period of lease.
6. BORROWING COSTS
Borrowing costs that are specifically attributable to qualifying assets
as defined in Accounting Standard AS 16 are added to the cost of such
assets until use or sale and the balance expensed in the year in which
the same is incurred.
7. RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE
i) Research and Development expenditure (other than on specific
development - cum sales contracts and R&D projects initiated at
customer''s request), is charged off as expenditure when incurred. R&D
expenditure on development - cum - sale contracts and on R&D projects
initiated at customer''s request are treated at par with other sales
contracts.
ii. Where R&D projects are initiated at customer''s request, and such
projects do not fructify into a customer order, the total expenditure
booked in respect of such projects is charged off in the year the
project is closed.
iii. R&D expenditure on Fixed Assets is capitalised.
8. GOVERNMENT GRANTS
All Grants from Government are initially recognised as Deferred Income.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of acquisition of Fixed
Assets is transferred to the credit of Statement of Profit and Loss in
proportion to the depreciation charged on the respective assets to the
extent attributable to Government Grants utilised for the acquisition.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of Revenue Expenses is
transferred to the credit of Statement of Profit and Loss to the extent
of expenditure incurred in the ratio of the funding to the total
sanctioned cost, limited to the grant received.
Grants in the nature of promoter''s contribution are credited to
Capital Reserve.
9. INVESTMENTS
(i) Investments are categorised as Trade Investments or Other
Investments. Trade investments are the investments made to enhance the
Company''s business interests.
(ii) Investments are further classified either as long - term or
current based on the Management''s intention at the time of purchase.
Long term investments are valued at acquisition cost. Any diminution in
the value other than of temporary nature is provided for. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost or fair value.
10. INVENTORY VALUATION
All inventories of the Company other than disposable scrap are valued
at lower of cost or net realisable value. Disposable scrap is valued at
estimated net realisable value. Cost of materials is ascertained by
using the weighted average cost formula. Cost of work in progress and
finished goods include Materials, Direct Labour and appropriate
overheads. Finished goods at factories include applicable excise duty.
Adequate provision is made for inventory which are more than five years
old which may not be required for further use.
11. TRADE RECEIVABLES AND OTHER RECEIVABLES
(i) Full provision is made for all Trade Receivables and Other
Receivables considered doubtful of recovery having regard to the
following considerations:
a. Time barred dues from the government / government departments /
government companies are generally not treated as doubtful.
b. Where dues are disputed in legal proceedings, provision is made if
any decision is given against the Company even if the same is taken up
on appeal to higher authorities / courts.
(ii) Provision for bad and doubtful dues is generally made for dues
outstanding for more than three years, excepting those which are
contractually not due as per the terms of the contract or those which
are considered realisable based on a case to case review.
12. INCOME TAX
Tax expense comprising current tax after considering deferred tax as
determined under the prevailing tax laws are recognised in the
Statement of Profit and Loss for the period.
Certain items of income and expenditure are not considered in tax
returns and financial statements in the same period. The net tax
effect calculated at the current enacted tax rates of this timing
difference is reported as deferred income tax asset / liability. The
effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities due to change in such
assets / liabilities as at the end of the accounting period as compared
to the beginning of the period and due to a change in tax rates are
recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period.
13. PROVISION FOR WARRANTIES
Provision for expenditure on account of performance guarantee &
replacement / repair of goods sold is made on the basis of trend based
estimates.
14. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS
Foreign exchange transactions including that of integral foreign
branches are recorded using the exchange rates prevailing on the dates
of the respective transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities
denominated in foreign currencies as at the balance sheet date are
translated at period - end rates. The resultant exchange difference
arising from settlement of transactions during the period and
translations at the period end, except those upto 31.03.2007 relating
to acquisition of Fixed Assets from a place outside India, is
recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Exchange differences
relating to the acquisition of Fixed Assets were adjusted in the
carrying cost of the Fixed Assets till 3I.03.2007.
Premium or discount arising at the inception of the forward exchange
contract is amortised as income / expenditure over the life of the
contract.
The exchange rate differences on the amount of forward exchange
contracts between the rate on the last reporting date / the rate at the
time of entering into a contract during the period and the rate on the
settlement date are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in
the reporting period in which the exchange rates change. The exchange
differences arising from the rates prevailing at the time of entering
into the contract and the reporting date are also accrued and adjusted
in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of a forward
exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense in the period
when the cancellation or renewal occurs.
15. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
(i) All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of
rendering the related services are classified as short term employee
benefits and they mainly include (a) Wages & Salaries; (b) Short - term
compensated absences; (c) Profit - sharing, incentives and bonuses and
(d) Non - monetary benefits such as medical care, subsidised transport,
canteen facilities etc., which are valued on undiscounted basis and
recognised during the period in which the related services are
rendered.
Incremental liability for payment of long term compensated absences
such as Annual and Sick Leave is determined as the difference between
present value of the obligation determined annually on actuarial basis
using Projected Unit Credit method and the carrying value of the
provision contained in the balance sheet and provided for.
(ii) Defined contribution to Employee Pension Scheme is made on monthly
accrual basis at the applicable rates.
(iii) Incremental liability for payment of Gratuity and Employee
Provident fund to employees is determined as the difference between
present value of the obligation determined annually on actuarial basis
using Projected Unit Credit Method and the Fair Value of Plan Assets
funded in an approved trust set up for the purpose for which monthly
contributions are made in the case of provident fund and lump sum
contributions in the case of gratuity.
(iv) Incremental liability under BEL Retired Employees Contributory
Health Scheme (BERECHS) is determined annually on actuarial basis using
Projected Unit Credit Method and provided for.
(v) Actuarial liability for the year is determined with reference to
employees at the end of January of each year.
(vi) Payments of voluntary retirement benefits are charged off to
revenue on incurrence.
16. PRIOR PERIOD ADJUSTMENTS AND EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS
Prior period adjustments and extraordinary items having material impact
on the financial affairs of the Company are disclosed.
17. TECHNICAL KNOW - HOW
Revenue Expenditure incurred on technical know - how is charged off to
Statement of Profit and Loss on incurrence.
18. PROVISIONS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Provisions for losses and contingencies arising as a result of a past
event where the Management considers it probable that a liability may
be incurred, are made on the basis of the best reliable estimate of the
expenditure required to settle the present obligation on the Balance
Sheet date, and are not discounted to its present value. Provisions are
reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current
best estimate. Significant variations thereof are disclosed.
Contingent liabilities to the extent the Management is aware, are
disclosed by way of notes to the accounts.
19. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
Cash flow statement has been prepared in accordance with the indirect
method prescribed in Accounting Standard - 3 on Cash Flow Statements.
Mar 31, 2012
1. BASIS OF ACCOUNTING
The financial statements are prepared and presented under the
historical cost convention, in accordance with Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles in India (GAAP), on the accrual basis of
accounting, except as stated herein. GAAP comprises the mandatory
Accounting Standards (AS) covered by the Companies (Accounting
Standards) Rules, 2006 issued by the Central Government, to the extent
applicable, and the provisions of the Companies Act, I956 and these
have been consistently applied.
2. USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP
requires that the management make estimates and assumptions that affect
the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of
contingent liability as at the date of financial statements and the
reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period.
Although such estimates are made on a reasonable and prudent basis
taking into account all available information, actual results could
differ from these estimates and such differences are recognised in the
period in which the results are ascertained.
3. REVENUE RECOGNITION
(i) Revenue from sale of goods is recognised as under :
a. In the case of FOR contracts, when the goods are handed over to the
carrier for transmission to the buyer after prior inspection and
acceptance, if stipulated, and in the case of FOR destination
contracts, if there is a reasonable expectation of the goods reaching
destination within the accounting period. Revenue is recognised even if
goods are retained with the Company at the request of the customer.
b. In the case of ex - works contracts, when the specified goods are
unconditionally appropriated to the contract after prior inspection and
acceptance, if required.
c. In the case of contracts for supply of complex equipments / systems
where the normal cycle time of completion / delivery period is more
than 24 months and the value of the equipment / system is more than Rs.
I00 crores, revenue is recognised on the "percentage completion"
method.
Percentage completion is based on the ratio of actual costs incurred on
the contract upto the reporting date to the estimated total cost of the
contract.
Since the outcome of such a contract can be estimated reliably only on
achieving certain progress, revenue is recognised upto 25% progress
only to the extent of costs. After this stage, revenue is recognised on
proportionate basis and a contingency provision equal to 20% of the
surplus of revenue over costs is made while anticipated losses are
recognised in full.
d. If the sale price is pending finalisation, revenue is recognised on
the basis of price expected to be realised. Where break up prices of
sub units sold are not provided for, the same are estimated.
e. Price revisions and claims for price escalations on contracts are
accounted on admittance.
f. Where installation and commissioning is stipulated and price for
the same agreed separately, revenue relating to installation and
commissioning is recognised on conclusion of installation and
commissioning activity. In case of a composite contract, where separate
fee for installation and commissioning is not stipulated and the supply
is effected and installation and commissioning work is pending, the
estimated costs to be incurred on installation and commissioning
activity is provided for and revenue is recognised as per the contract.
g. Sales exclude Sales Tax / Value Added Tax (VAT) and include Excise
Duty.
(ii) Other income is recognised on accrual.
4. FIXED ASSETS, CAPITAL WORK - IN - PROGRESS AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
UNDER DEVELOPMENT :
(i) Tangible Assets :
Tangible Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation
/ amortisation including where the same is acquired in full or in part
with government grant. Cost for this purpose includes all attributable
costs for bringing the asset to its location and condition, cost of
computer software which is an integral part of the related hardware,
and also includes borrowing costs during the acquisition / construction
phase, if it is a qualifying asset requiring substantial period of time
to get ready for intended use. The cost of Fixed Assets acquired from a
place outside India includes the exchange differences if any, arising
in respect of liabilities in foreign currency incurred for acquisition
of the same upto 3I.03.2007.
Capital work - in - progress comprises supply - cum - erection
contracts, the value of capital supplies received at site and accepted,
capital goods in transit and under inspection and the cost of Fixed
Assets that are not yet ready for their intended use as at the balance
sheet date.
(ii) Intangible Assets :
The cost of software (which is not an integral part of the related
hardware) acquired for internal use and resulting in significant future
economic benefits, is recognised as an Intangible Asset in the books of
accounts when the same is ready for use. Intangible Assets that are not
yet ready for their intended use as at the Balance Sheet date are
classified as "Intangible Assets under Development".
(iii) Impairment of Assets :
The Company assesses the impairment of assets with reference to each
Cash Generating Unit (CGU) at each Balance Sheet date if events or
changes in circumstances, based on internal and external factors,
indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable in full. The
loss on account of impairment, which is the difference between the
carrying amount and recoverable amount, is accounted accordingly.
Recoverable amount of a CGU is its Net Selling Price or Value in Use
whichever is higher. The Value in Use is arrived at on the basis of
estimated future cash flows discounted at Company's pre - tax
borrowing rates.
Reversal of impairment provision is made when there is an increase in
the estimated service potential of an asset, either from use or sale,
on reassessment after the date when impairment loss for that asset was
last recognised.
5. DEPRECIATION / AMORTISATION
Tangible depreciable Fixed Assets are generally depreciated on straight
- l ine method at the rates (or higher rates as disclosed) and in the
manner prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, I956. Special
instruments are amortised over related production. Intangible Assets
are amortised over a period of three years on straight-line method.
Prorata depreciation / amortisation is charged from / upto the date on
which the assets are ready to be put to use / are deleted or discarded.
Leasehold land is amortised over the period of lease.
6. BORROWING COSTS
Borrowing costs that are specifically attributable to qualifying assets
as defined in Accounting Standard AS 16 are added to the cost of such
assets until use or sale and the balance expensed in the year in which
the same is incurred.
7. RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE
i) Research and Development expenditure (other than on specific
development - cum - sales contracts and R & D projects initiated at
customer's request), is charged off as expenditure when incurred. R &
D expenditure on development - cum - sale contracts and on R & D
projects initiated at customer's request are treated at par with
other sales contracts.
ii) Where R & D projects are initiated at customer's request, and
such projects do not fructify into a customer order, the total
expenditure booked in respect of such projects is charged off in the
year the project is closed.
iii) R & D expenditure on Fixed Assets is capitalised.
8. GOVERNMENT GRANTS
All Grants from Government are initially recognised as Deferred Income.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of acquisition of Fixed
Assets is transferred to the credit of Statement of Profit and Loss in
proportion to the depreciation charged on the respective assets to the
extent attributable to Government Grants utilised for the acquisition.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of Revenue Expenses is
transferred to the credit of Statement of Profit and Loss to the extent
of expenditure incurred in the ratio of the funding to the total
sanctioned cost, limited to the grant received.
Grants in the nature of promoter's contribution are credited to
Capital Reserve.
9. INVESTMENTS
(i) Investments are categorised as Trade Investments or Other
Investments. Trade investments are the investments made to enhance the
Company's business interests.
(ii) Investments are further classified either as long - term or
current based on the Management's intention at the time of purchase.
Long term investments are valued at acquisition cost. Any diminution in
the value other than of temporary nature is provided for. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost or fair value.
10. INVENTORY VALUATION
All inventories of the Company other than disposable scrap are valued
at lower of cost or net realisable value. Disposable scrap is valued
at estimated net realisable value. Cost of materials is ascertained by
using the weighted average cost formula. Cost of work in progress and
finished goods include Materials, Direct Labour and appropriate
overheads. Finished goods at factories include applicable excise duty.
Adequate provision is made for inventory which are more than five years
old which may not be required for further use.
11. TRADE RECEIVABLES AND OTHER RECEIVABLES
(i) Full provision is made for all Trade Receivables and Other
Receivables considered doubtful of recovery having regard to the
following considerations:
a. Time barred dues from the government / government departments /
government companies are generally not treated as doubtful.
b. Where dues are disputed in legal proceedings, provision is made if
any decision is given against the Company even if the same is taken up
on appeal to higher authorities / courts.
(ii) Provision for bad and doubtful debts is generally made for debts
outstanding for more than three years, excepting those which are
contractually not due as per the terms of the contract or those which
are considered realisable based on a case to case review.
12. INCOME TAX
Tax expense comprising current tax after considering deferred tax as
determined under the prevailing tax laws are recognised in the
Statement of Profit and Loss for the period.
Certain items of income and expenditure are not considered in tax
returns and financial statements in the same period. The net tax effect
calculated at the current enacted tax rates of this timing difference
is reported as deferred income tax asset / liability. The effect on
deferred tax assets and liabilities due to change in such assets /
liabilities as at the end of the accounting period as compared to the
beginning of the period and due to a change in tax rates are recognised
in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period.
13. PROVISION FOR WARRANTIES
Provision for expenditure on account of performance guarantee &
replacement / repair of goods sold is made on the basis of trend based
estimates.
14. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS
Foreign exchange transactions including that of integral foreign
branches are recorded using the exchange rates prevailing on the dates
of the respective transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities
denominated in foreign currencies as at the balance sheet date are
translated at period-end rates. The resultant exchange difference
arising from settlement of transactions during the period and
translations at the period end, except those upto 3I.03.2007 relating
to acquisition of Fixed Assets from a place outside India, is
recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Exchange differences
relating to the acquisition of Fixed Assets were adjusted in the
carrying cost of the Fixed Assets till 3I.03.2007.
Premium or discount arising at the inception of the forward exchange
contract is amortised as income / expenditure over the life of the
contract.
The exchange rate differences on the amount of forward exchange
contracts between the rate on the last reporting date / the rate at the
time of entering into a contract during the period and the rate on the
settlement date are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in
the reporting period in which the exchange rates change. The exchange
differences arising from the rates prevailing at the time of entering
into the contract and the reporting date are also accrued and adjusted
in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of a forward
exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense in the period
when the cancellation or renewal occurs.
15. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
(i) All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of
rendering the related services are classified as short term employee
benefits and they mainly include (a) Wages & Salaries; (b) Short-term
compensated absences; (c) Profit-sharing, incentives and bonuses and
(d) Non-monetary benefits such as medical care, subsidised transport,
canteen facilities etc., which are valued on undiscounted basis and
recognised during the period in which the related services are
rendered.
Incremental liability for payment of long term compensated absences
such as Annual and Sick Leave is determined as the difference between
present value of the obligation determined annually on actuarial basis
using Projected Unit Credit method and the carrying value of the
provision contained in the balance sheet and provided for.
(ii) Defined contribution to Employee Pension Scheme is made on monthly
accrual basis at the applicable rates.
(iii) Incremental liability for payment of Gratuity and Employee
Provident fund to employees is determined as the difference between
present value of the obligation determined annually on actuarial basis
using Projected Unit Credit Method and the Fair Value of Plan Assets
funded in an approved trust set up for the purpose for which monthly
contributions are made in the case of provident fund and lump sum
contributions in the case of gratuity.
(iv) Incremental liability under BEL Retired Employees Contributory
Health Scheme (BERECHS) is determined annually on actuarial basis using
Projected Unit Credit Method and provided for.
(v) Actuarial liability for the year is determined with reference to
employees at the end of January of each year.
(vi) Payments of voluntary retirement benefits are charged off to
revenue on incurrence.
16. PRIOR PERIOD ADJUSTMENTS AND EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS
Prior period adjustments and extraordinary items having material impact
on the financial affairs of the Company are disclosed.
17. TECHNICAL KNOW - HOW
Revenue Expenditure incurred on technical know-how is charged off to
Statement of Profit and Loss on incurrence.
18. PROVISIONS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Provisions for losses and contingencies arising as a result of a past
event where the Management considers it probable that a liability may
be incurred, are made on the basis of the best reliable estimate of the
expenditure required to settle the present obligation on the Balance
Sheet date, and are not discounted to its present value. Provisions
are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the
current best estimate. Significant variations thereof are disclosed.
Contingent liabilities to the extent the Management is aware, are
disclosed by way of notes to the accounts.
19. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
Cash Flow Statement has been prepared in accordance with the indirect
method prescribed in Accounting Standard - 3 on Cash Flow Statements.
Mar 31, 2011
1. BASIS OF ACCOUNTING
The financial statements are prepared and presented under the
historical cost convention, in accordance with Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles in India (GAAP), on the accrual basis of
accounting, except as stated herein. GAAP comprises the mandatory
Accounting Standards (AS) covered by the Companies (Accounting
Standards) Rules, 2006 issued by the Central Government, to the extent
applicable, and the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and these
have been consistently applied.
2. USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP,
requires that the management make estimates and assumptions that affect
the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of
contingent liability as at the date of financial statements and the
reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period.
Although such estimates are made on a reasonable and prudent basis
taking into account all available information, actual results could
differ from these estimates and such differences are recognised in the
period in which the results are ascertained.
3. REVENUE RECOGNITION
(i) Revenue from sale of goods is recognised as under :
a. In the case of FOR contracts, when the goods are handed over to the
carrier for transmission to the buyer after prior inspection and
acceptance, if stipulated, and in the case of FOR destination
contracts, if there is a reasonable expectation of the goods reaching
destination within the accounting period. Revenue is recognised even if
goods are retained with the Company at the request of the customer.
b. In the case of ex - works contracts, when the specified goods are
unconditionally appropriated to the contract after prior inspection and
acceptance, if required.
c. In the case of contracts for supply of complex equipments / systems
where the normal cycle time of completion / delivery period is more
than 24 months and the value of the equipment / system is more than Rs.
100 crores, revenue is recognised on the "percentage completion"
method. Percentage completion is based on the ratio of actual costs
incurred on the contract upto the reporting date to the estimated total
cost of the contract.
Since the outcome of such a contract can be estimated reliably only on
achieving certain progress, revenue is recognised upto 25 % progress
only to the extent of costs. After this stage, revenue is recognised on
proportionate basis and a contingency provision equal to 20 % of the
surplus of revenue over costs is made while anticipated losses are
recognised in full.
d. If the sale price is pending finalisation, revenue is recognised on
the basis of price expected to be realised. Where break up prices of
sub units sold are not provided for, the same are estimated.
e. Price revisions and claims for price escalations on contracts are
accounted on admittance.
f. Where installation and commissioning is stipulated and price for
the same agreed separately, revenue relating to installation and
commissioning is recognised on conclusion of installation and
commissioning activity. In case of a composite contract, where separate
fee for installation and commissioning is not stipulated and the supply
is effected and installation and commissioning work is pending, the
estimated costs to be incurred on installation and commissioning
activity is provided for and revenue is recognised as per the contract.
g. Sales exclude Sales Tax / Value Added Tax (VAT) and include Excise
Duty.
(ii) Other income is recognised on accrual.
4. FIXED ASSETS AND CAPITAL WORK-IN-PROGRESS:
(i) Tangible Assets:
Tangible Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation
/ amortisation including where the same is acquired in full or in part
with government grant. Cost for this purpose includes all attributable
costs for bringing the asset to its location and condition, cost of
computer software which is an integral part of the related hardware,
and also includes borrowing costs during the acquisition / construction
phase, if it is a qualifying asset requiring substantial period of time
to get ready for intended use. The cost of Fixed Assets acquired from a
place outside India includes the exchange differences if any, arising
in respect of liabilities in foreign currency incurred for acquisition
of the same upto 31.03.2007.
Capital work - in - progress comprises supply - cum - erection
contracts, the value of capital supplies received at site and accepted,
capital goods in transit and under inspection and outstanding advances
paid to acquire Fixed Assets and the cost of Fixed Assets that are not
yet ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date.
(ii) Intangible Assets :
The cost of software (which is not an integral part of the related
hardware) acquired for internal use and resulting in significant future
economic benefits, is recognised as an intangible asset in the books of
accounts when the same is ready for use.
(iii) Impairment of Assets :
The Company assesses the impairment of assets with reference to each
Cash Generating Unit (CGU) at each Balance Sheet date if events or
changes in circumstances, based on internal and external factors,
indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable in full. The
loss on account of impairment, which is the difference between the
carrying amount and recoverable amount, is accounted accordingly.
Recoverable amount of a CGU is its Net Selling Price or Value in Use
whichever is higher. The Value in Use is arrived at on the basis of
estimated future cash flows discounted at Company's pre-tax borrowing
rates.
Reversal of impairment provision is made when there is an increase in
the estimated service potential of an asset, either from use or sale,
on reassessment after the date when impairment loss for that asset was
last recognised.
5. DEPRECIATION / AMORTISATION
Tangible depreciable Fixed Assets are generally depreciated on
straight-line method at the rates (or higher rates as disclosed) and in
the manner prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.
Special instruments are amortised over related production. Intangible
Assets are amortised over a period of three years on straight - line
method. Prorata depreciation / amortisation is charged from / upto the
date on which the assets are ready to be put to use / are deleted or
discarded. Leasehold land is amortised over the period of lease.
6. BORROWING COSTS
Borrowing costs that are specifically attributable to qualifying assets
as defined in Accounting Standard AS 16 are added to the cost of such
assets until use or sale and the balance expensed in the year in which
the same is incurred.
7. RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE
Research and Development expenditure other than on specific development
- cum - sales contracts is charged off as expenditure when incurred.
R&D expenditure on development - cum sale contracts is treated at par
with other sales contracts. Such expenditure on Fixed Assets is
capitalised.
8. GOVERNMENT GRANTS
All Grants from Government are initially recognised as Deferred Income.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of acquisition of Fixed
Assets is transferred to the credit of Profit and Loss Account in
proportion to the depreciation charged on the respective assets to the
extent attributable to Government Grants utilised for the acquisition.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of Revenue Expenses is
transferred to the credit of Profit and Loss Account to the extent of
expenditure incurred in the ratio of the funding to the total
sanctioned cost, limited to the grant received.
Grants in the nature of promoter's contribution are credited to Capital
Reserve.
9. INVESTMENTS
(i) Investments are categorised as Trade or Non - Trade. Trade
investments are the investments made to enhance the Company's business
interests.
(ii) Investments are further classified either as long - term or
current based on the Management's intention at the time of purchase.
Long term investments are valued at acquisition cost. Any diminution in
the value other than of temporary nature is provided for. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost or fair value.
10. INVENTORY VALUATION
All inventories of the Company other than disposable scrap are valued
at lower of cost or net realisable value. Disposable scrap is valued at
estimated net realisable value. Cost of materials is ascertained by
using the weighted average cost formula. Cost of work in progress and
finished goods include Materials, Direct Labour and appropriate
overheads. Finished goods at factories include applicable excise duty.
Adequate provision is made for inventory which are more than five years
old which may not be required for further use.
11. SUNDRY DEBTORS
(i) Full provision is made for all debts considered doubtful of
recovery having regard to the following considerations :
a. Time barred debts from the government / government departments /
government companies are generally not treated as doubtful debts.
b. Where debts are disputed in legal proceedings, provision is made if
any decision is given against the Company even if the same is taken up
on appeal to higher authorities / courts.
(ii) Provision for bad and doubtful debts is generally made for debts
outstanding for more than three years, excepting those which are
contractually not due as per the terms of the contract or those which
are considered realisable based on a case to case review.
12. INCOME TAX
Tax expense comprising current tax after considering deferred tax and
fringe benefit tax as determined under the prevailing tax laws are
recognised in the Profit and Loss Account for the period.
Certain items of income and expenditure are not considered in tax
returns and financial statements in the same period. The net tax
effect calculated at the current enacted tax rates of this timing
difference is reported as deferred income tax asset / liability. The
effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities due to change in such
assets / liabilities as at the end of the accounting period as compared
to the beginning of the period and due to a change in tax rates are
recognised in the Profit and Loss Account for the period.
13. PROVISION FOR WARRANTIES
Provision for expenditure on account of performance guarantee &
replacement / repair of goods sold is made on the basis of trend based
estimates.
14. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS
Foreign exchange transactions including that of integral foreign
branches are recorded using the exchange rates prevailing on the dates
of the respective transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities
denominated in foreign currencies as at the balance sheet date are
translated at period-end rates. The resultant exchange difference
arising from settlement of transactions during the period and
translations at the period end, except those upto 31.03.2007 relating
to acquisition of Fixed Assets from a place outside India, is
recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. Exchange differences
relating to the acquisition of Fixed Assets were adjusted in the
carrying cost of the Fixed Assets till 31.03.2007.
Premium or discount arising at the inception of the forward exchange
contract is amortised as income / expenditure over the life of the
contract.
The exchange rate differences on the amount of forward exchange
contracts between the rate on the last reporting date / the rate at the
time of entering into a contract during the period and the rate on the
settlement date are recognised in the statement of Profit and Loss in
the reporting period in which the exchange rates change. The exchange
differences arising from the rates prevailing at the time of entering
into the contract and the reporting date are also accrued and adjusted
in the Profit and Loss Account.
Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of a forward
exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense in the period
when the cancellation or renewal occurs.
15. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
(i) All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of
rendering the related services are classified as short term employee
benefits and they mainly include (a) Wages & Salaries; (b) Short-term
compensated absences; (c) Profit-sharing, incentives and bonuses and
(d) Non-monetary benefits such as medical care, subsidised transport,
canteen facilities etc., which are valued on undiscounted basis and
recognised during the period in which the related services are
rendered.
Incremental liability for payment of long term compensated absences
such as Annual and Sick Leave is determined as the difference between
present value of the obligation determined annually on actuarial basis
using Projected Unit Credit method and the carrying value of the
provision contained in the balance sheet and provided for.
(ii) Defined contribution to Employee Pension Scheme is made on monthly
accrual basis at the applicable rates.
(iii) Incremental liability for payment of Gratuity and Employee
Provident fund to employees is determined as the difference between
present value of the
obligation determined annually on actuarial basis using Projected Unit
Credit Method and the Fair Value of Plan Assets funded in an approved
trust set up for the purpose for which monthly contributions are made
in the case of provident fund and lump sum contributions in the case of
gratuity.
(iv) Incremental liability under BEL Retired Employees Contributory
Health Scheme (BERECHS) is determined annually on actuarial basis using
Projected Unit Credit Method and provided for.
(v) Actuarial liability for the year is determined with reference to
employees at the end of January of each year.
(vi) Payments of voluntary retirement benefits are charged off to
revenue on incurrence.
16. PRIOR PERIOD ADJUSTMENTS AND
EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS
Prior period adjustments and extraordinary items having material impact
on the financial affairs of the Company are disclosed.
17. TECHNICAL KNOW - HOW
Revenue Expenditure incurred on technical know - how is charged off to
Profit and Loss Account on incurrence.
18. PROVISIONS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Provisions for losses and contingencies arising as a result of a past
event where the Management considers it probable that a liability may
be incurred, are made on the basis of the best reliable estimate of the
expenditure required to settle the present obligation on the Balance
Sheet date, and are not discounted to its present value. Provisions
are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the
current best estimate. Significant variations thereof are disclosed.
Contingent liabilities to the extent the Management is aware, are
disclosed by way of notes to the accounts.
19. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
Cash flow statement has been prepared in accordance with the indirect
method prescribed in Accounting Standard - 3 on Cash Flow Statements.
Mar 31, 2010
The financial statements are prepared and presented under the historical
cost conventon, in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles in India (GAAP), on the accrual basis of Accounting, except
as stated herein. GAAP comprises the mandatory Accounting Standards (AS)
covered by the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 issued by
the Central Government, to the extent applicable, and the provisions of
the Companies Act, 1956 and these have been consistently applied.
2. USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP,
requires that the management make estmates and assumptons that afect
the reported amounts of assets and liabilites, disclosure of contngent
liability as at the date of financial statements and the reported
amounts of revenue and expenses during the reportng period. Although
such estmates are made on a reasonable and prudent basis taking into
account all available informaton, actual results could difer from these
estmates and such diferences are recognised in the period in which the
results are ascertained.
3. REVENUE RECOGNITION
(i) Revenue from sale of goods is recognised as under:
a. In the case of FOR contracts, when the goods are handed over to the
carrier for transmission to the buyer afer prior inspecton and
acceptance, if stpulated, and in the case of FOR destnaton contracts,
if there is a reasonable expectaton of the goods reaching destnaton
within the Accounting period. Revenue is recognised even if goods are
retained with the Company at the request of the customer.
b. In the case of ex-works contracts, when the specifed goods are
unconditonally appropriated to the contract afer prior inspecton and
acceptance, if required.
c. In the case of contracts for supply of complex equipments/systems
where the normal cycle tme of completon/delivery period is more than 24
months and the value of the equipment/system is more than Rs. 100
Crores, revenue is recognised on the Ãpercentage completonà method.
Percentage completon is based on the ratio of actual costs incurred on
the contract upto the reportng date to the estmated total cost of the
contract.
Since the outcome of such a contract can be estmated reliably only on
achieving certain progress, revenue is recognised upto 25% progress
only to the extent of costs. Afer this stage, revenue is recognised on
proportonate basis and a contngency provision equal to 20% of the
surplus of revenue over costs is made while antcipated losses are
recognised in full.
d. If the sale price is pending finalisation, revenue is recognised on
the basis of price expected to be realised. Where break up prices of
sub units sold are not provided for, the same are estmated.
e. Price revisions and claims for price escalatons on contracts are
accounted on admitance.
f. Where Installation and commissioning is stpulated and price for the
same agreed separately, revenue relating to Installation and
commissioning is recognised on conclusion of Installation and
commissioning actvity. In case of a composite contract, where separate
fee for Installation and commissioning is not stpulated and the supply
is efected and Installation and commissioning work is pending, the
estmated costs to be incurred on Installation and commissioning actvity
is provided for and revenue is recognised as per the contract.
g. Sales exclude Sales Tax / Value Added Tax (VAT) and include Excise
Duty.
(ii) Other income is recognised on accrual.
4. FIXED ASSETS AND CAPITAL WORK-IN-PROGRESS:
(i) Tangible Assets:
Tangible Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciaton /
amortsaton including where the same is acquired in full or in part with
Government grant. Cost for this purpose includes all atributable costs
for bringing the asset to its locaton and conditon, cost of computer
sofware which is an integral part of the related hardware, and also
includes borrowing costs during the acquisiton / constructon phase, if
it is a qualifying asset requiring substantal period of tme to get
ready for intended use. The cost of Fixed Assets acquired from a place
outside India includes the exchange diferences if any, arising in
respect of liabilites in foreign currency incurred for acquisiton of
the same upto 31.03.2007.
Capital work-in-progress comprises supply-cum- erecton contracts, the
value of capital supplies received at site and accepted, capital goods
in transit and under inspecton and outstanding advances paid to acquire
Fixed Assets and the cost of Fixed Assets that are not yet ready for
their intended use as at the balance sheet date.
(ii) Intangible Assets:
The cost of sofware (which is not an integral part of the related
hardware) acquired for internal use and resultng in signifcant future
economic benefits, is recognised as an intangible asset in the books of
accounts when the same is ready for use.
(iii) Impairment of Assets:
The Company assesses the impairment of assets with reference to each
Cash Generatng Unit (CGU) at each Balance Sheet date if events or
changes in circumstances, based on internal and external factors,
indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable in full. The
loss on account of impairment, which is the diference between the
carrying amount and recoverable amount, is accounted accordingly.
Recoverable amount of a CGU is its Net Selling Price or Value in Use
whichever is higher. The Value in Use is arrived at on the basis of
estmated future cash flows discounted at Companys pre-tax borrowing
rates.
Reversal of impairment provision is made when there is an increase in
the estmated service potental of an asset, either from use or sale, on
reassessment afer the date when impairment loss for that asset was last
recognised.
5. DEPRECIATION / AMORTISATION
Tangible depreciable Fixed Assets are generally depreciated on
straight-line method at the rates (or higher rates as disclosed) and in
the manner prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.
Special instruments are amortsed over related producton. Intangible
Assets are amortsed over a period of three years on straight-line
method. Prorata depreciaton / amortsaton is charged from / upto the
date on which the assets are ready to be put to use / are deleted or
discarded. Leasehold land is amortsed over the period of lease.
6. BORROWING COSTS
Borrowing costs that are specifcally atributable to qualifying assets
as Defined in Accounting Standard AS 16 are added to the cost of such
assets untl use or sale and the balance expensed in the year in which
the same is incurred.
7. RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE
Research and Development expenditure other than on specifc
development-cum-sales contracts is charged of as expenditure when
incurred. R & D expenditure on development cum sale contracts is
treated at par with other sales contracts. Such expenditure on Fixed
Assets is capitalised.
8. GOVERNMENT GRANTS
All Grants from Government are initally recognised as Deferred Income.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of acquisiton of Fixed
Assets is transferred to the credit of Profit and Loss Account in
proporton to the depreciaton charged on the respectve assets to the
extent atributable to Government Grants utlised for the acquisiton.
The amount lying in Deferred Income on account of Revenue Expenses is
transferred to the credit of Profit and Loss Account to the extent of
expenditure incurred in the ratio of the funding to the total sanctoned
cost, limited to the grant received.
Grants in the nature of promoters contributon are credited to Capital
Reserve.
9. INVESTMENTS
(i) Investments are categorised as Trade or Non-Trade. Trade
investments are the investments made to enhance the Companys business
interests.
(ii) Investments are further classifed either as long-term or current
based on the managements intenton at the tme of purchase. Long term
investments are valued at acquisiton cost. Any diminuton in the value
other than of temporary nature is provided for. Current investments are
carried at lower of cost or fair value.
10. INVENTORY VALUATION
All inventories of the Company other than disposable scrap are valued
at lower of cost or net realisable value. Disposable scrap is valued at
estmated net realisable value. Cost of materials is ascertained by
using the weighted average cost formula. Cost of work in progress and
fnished goods include materials, direct labour and appropriate
overheads. Finished goods at factories include applicable excise duty.
Adequate provision is made for inventory which are more than fve years
old which may not be required for further use.
11. SUNDRY DEBTORS
(i) Full provision is made for all debts considered doubtul of recovery
having regard to the following considerations:
a. Time barred debts from government / government departments /
government companies are generally not treated as doubtul debts.
b. Where debts are disputed in legal proceedings, provision is made if
any decision is given against the Company even if the same is taken up
on appeal to higher authorites / courts.
(ii) Provision for bad and doubtul debts is generally made for debts
outstanding for more than three years, exceptng those which are
contractually not due as per the terms of the contract or those which
are considered realisable based on a case to case review.
12. INCOME TAX
Tax expense comprising current tax afer considering deferred tax and
fringe benefit tax as determined under the prevailing tax laws are
recognised in the Profit and Loss Account for the period.
Certain items of income and expenditure are not considered in tax
returns and financial statements in the same period. The net tax efect
calculated at the current enacted tax rates of this tming diference is
reported as deferred income tax asset / liability. The efect on
deferred tax assets and liabilites due to change in such assets /
liabilites as at the end of the Accounting period as compared to the
beginning of the period and due to a change in tax rates are recognised
in the Profit and Loss Account for the period.
13. PROVISION FOR WARRANTIES
Provision for expenditure on account of performance guarantee &
replacement / repair of goods sold is made on the basis of trend based
estmates.
14. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS
Foreign exchange transactons including that of integral foreign
branches are recorded using the exchange rates prevailing on the dates
of the respectve transactons. Monetary assets and liabilites
denominated in foreign currencies as at the balance sheet date are
translated at period-end rates. The resultant exchange diference
arising from setlement of transactons during the period and translatons
at the period end, except those upto 31.03.2007 relating to acquisiton
of Fixed Assets from a place outside
India, is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. Exchange diferences
relating to the acquisiton of Fixed Assets were adjusted in the carrying
cost of the Fixed Assets tll 31.03.2007.
Premium or discount arising at the incepton of the forward exchange
contract is amortsed as income / expenditure over the life of the
contract.
The exchange rate diferences on the amount of forward exchange
contracts between the rate on the last reportng date / the rate at the
tme of entering into a contract during the period and the rate on the
setlement date are recognised in the statement of Profit and Loss in the
reportng period in which the exchange rates change. The exchange
diferences arising from the rates prevailing at the tme of entering
into the contract and the reportng date are also accrued and adjusted
in the Profit and Loss Account.
Any Profit or Loss arising on cancellaton or renewal of a forward
exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense in the period
when the cancellaton or renewal occurs.
15. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
(i) All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of
rendering the related services are classifed as short term employee
benefits and they mainly include (a) Wages & Salaries; (b) Short-term
compensated absences; (c) Profit-sharing, incentves and bonuses and (d)
Non-monetary benefits such as medical care, subsidised transport,
canteen facilites etc., which are valued on undiscounted basis and
recognised during the period in which the related services are
rendered.
Incremental liability for payment of long term compensated absences
such as Annual and Sick leave as well as Leave Travel Concession (LTC)
is determined as the diference between present value of the obligaton
determined annually on actuarial basis using projected unit credit
method and the carrying value of the provision contained in the balance
sheet and provided for.
(ii) Defined contributon to Employee Pension Scheme is made on monthly
accrual basis at the applicable rates.
(iii) Incremental liability for payment of Gratuity and Employee
Provident Fund to employees is determined as the diference between
present value of the obligaton determined annually on actuarial basis
using Projected Unit Credit Method and the Fair Value of Plan Assets
funded in an approved trust set up for the purpose for which monthly
contributons are made in the case of provident fund and lump sum
contributons in the case of gratuity.
(iv) Incremental liability under BEL Retred Employees Contributory
Health Scheme (BERECHS) is determined annually on actuarial basis using
Projected Unit Credit Method and provided for.
(v) Actuarial liability for the year is determined with reference to
employees at the end of January of each year.
(vi) Payments of voluntary retrement benefits are charged of to revenue
on incurrence.
16. PRIOR PERIOD ADJUSTMENTS AND EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS
Prior period adjustments and extraordinary items having material impact
on the financial afairs of the Company are disclosed.
17. TECHNICAL KNOW-HOW
Revenue expenditure incurred on technical know-how is charged of to
Profit and Loss Account on incurrence.
18. PROVISIONS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Provisions for losses and contngencies arising as a result of a past
event where the management considers it probable that a liability may
be incurred, are made on the basis of the best reliable estmate of the
expenditure required to setle the present obligaton on the Balance
Sheet date, and are not discounted to its present value. Provisions
are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to refect the
current best estmate. Signifcant variatons thereof are disclosed.
Contngent liabilites to the extent the management is aware, are
disclosed by way of notes to the accounts.
19. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
Cash flow statement has been prepared in accordance with the indirect
method prescribed in Accounting Standard - 3 on Cash Flow Statements.