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Accounting Policies of Britannia Industries Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2023

1 Reporting entity

Britannia Industries Limited (the ‘Company’) is a company domiciled in India, with its registered office situated at 5/1A, Hungerford Street, Kolkata, West Bengal - 700017. The Company has been incorporated under the provisions of Indian Companies Act and its equity shares are listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in India. The Company is primarily involved in manufacturing and sale of various food products.

2 Basis of preparation

A. Statement of compliance

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015, as amended, notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, (the ‘Act’) and other relevant provisions of the Act.

The standalone financial statements were authorised for issue by the Company’s Board of Directors on 5 May 2023.

Details of the Company’s accounting policies are included in Note 3.

B. Current and Non-current Classification

The Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current / non-current classification of assets and liabilities. This is based on the nature of products and the time between acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents.

C. Functional and presentation currency

These standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (''), which is also the Company’s functional currency. All amounts have been rounded-off to two decimal places to the nearest crores, unless otherwise indicated.

D. Basis of measurement

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following items:

Items

Measurement basis

Certain financial assets and liabilities

Fair value

Cash-settled (Phantom Option Scheme)

Fair value

Net defined benefit asset/(liability)

Fair value of plan assets less present value of defined benefit obligations

E. Use of estimates and judgements

In preparing these standalone financial statements, the Company has made judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively.

Judgements

Information about judgements made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognised in the standalone financial statements is included in the following notes:

- Note 37 - leases: whether an arrangement contains a lease and lease classification

Assumptions and estimation uncertainties

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment in the year ending 31 March 2023 is included in the following notes:

- Note 4 to 6 - useful life of property, plant and equipment, investment property and intangible assets.

- Notes 7 to 9 and Notes 12,13,15 and 16 - impairment of financial assets.

- Note 41 - recognition and measurement of provisions and contingencies: key assumptions about the likelihood and magnitude of an outflow of resources;

- Note 45 - measurement of defined benefit obligations: key actuarial assumptions;

F. Measurement of fair values

Certain accounting policies and disclosures of the Company require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non financial assets and liabilities.

The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values.

The significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments are reviewed regularly

Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

- Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

- Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

- Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorised in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

Further information about the assumptions made in the measuring fair values is included in the following notes:

- Note 5 - investment property

- Note 50 - financial instruments.

- Note 54 - Cash-settled (Phantom Option Scheme)

3. Significant accounting policies

(a) Property, plant and equipment

i. Recognition and measurement

Items of property, plant and equipment, are measured at cost (which includes capitalised borrowing costs, if any) less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Cost of an item of property, plant and equipment includes its purchase price, duties, taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost of bringing the item to its working condition for its intended use and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

The cost of a self-constructed item of property, plant and equipment comprises the cost of materials, direct labour and any other costs directly attributable to bringing the item to its intended working condition and estimated costs of dismantling, removing and restoring the site on which it is located, wherever applicable.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

ii. Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company and the cost can be reliably measured.

iii. Depreciation

Depreciation is calculated on cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual value using straight line method over the useful lives of assets as per schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Assets acquired under lease are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives unless it is reasonably certain that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term. Depreciation for assets purchased / sold during the period is proportionately charged.

The range of estimated useful lives of items of property, plant and equipment are as follows:

Asset

Useful life

Plant and equipment

7.5 - 15 years

Furniture and fixtures

10 years

Motor vehicles

8 years

Office equipment

3 - 5 years

Buildings

30 - 60 years

Freehold land is not depreciated.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

iv. Reclassification to investment property

When the use of a property changes from owner-occupied to investment property, the property is reclassified as investment property at its carrying amount on the date of classification.

v. Capital work-in-progress (CWIP)

Capital work-in-progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment/ intangible assets under installation / under development as at the balance sheet date.

(b) Investment property

Investment property is property held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes. Upon initial recognition, an investment property is measured at cost. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment property is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

The Company depreciates investment properties on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the asset as specified in the table above.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an investment property is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The fair values of investment property is disclosed in the notes accompanying these financial statements. Fair values are determined by an independent valuer who holds recognised and relevant professional qualification and has recent experience in the location and category of the investment property being valued.

(c) Intangible assets

Internally generated: Research and development

Expenditure on research activities is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

Development expenditure is capitalised as part of the cost of the resulting intangible asset only if the expenditure can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete the development and to use or sell the asset. Otherwise, it is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Others

Other intangible assets including those acquired by the Company in a business combination are initially measured at cost. Such intangible assets are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Amortisation

Amortisation is calculated to write off the cost of intangible assets less their estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives using the straight- line method, and is included in depreciation and amortisation in Statement of Profit and Loss.

The estimated useful lives are as follows:

Asset

Useful life

Computer software

6 years

Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted if appropriate.

(d) Impairment

(i) Financial assets

The Company recognises loss allowances using the expected credit loss (ECL) model for the financial assets which are not fair valued through Statement of Profit and Loss. Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL under simplified approach. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL. The amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date to the amount that is required to be recognised is recognised as an impairment gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(ii) Non -financial assets

Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment

Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the cash generated units to which the asset belongs. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the estimated recoverable amount of the asset. An impairment loss is reversed in the Statement of Profit and Loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortisation or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.

(e) Leases

The Company at the inception of a contract, assesses whether a contract, is or contains a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. A lessee recognises a Right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset and a lease liability representing its obligation to make lease payments. The Company does not recognise right-of-use of assets and lease liabilities for short term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low value assets. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight line basis over the lease term. As a lessor, the Company shall classify each of leases either as finance or an operating lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

As a lessee

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right of use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct cost incurred and an estimate of cost to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received. The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life or the end of the lease term. The estimated useful life of the right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of property, plant and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. The lease payments shall include fixed payments, variable lease payments, residual value guarantees, exercise price of a purchase option where the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option and payment of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising an option to terminate the lease. Subsequent to initial measurement, the liability is reduced for payments made and increased for interest. It is remeasured to reflect any reassessment or modification, or if there are changes in in-substance fixed payments. When the lease liability is remeasured,

the corresponding adjustment is reflected in the right-of-use asset, or profit and loss if the right-of-use asset is already reduced to zero. On the Balance Sheet, right-of-use assets have been included under property, plant and equipment and lease liabilities have been included under financial liabilities.

As a lessor

Lease income from operating leases, where the Company is a lessor, is recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(f) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (including prime cost, non-refundable taxes and duties and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition) and estimated net realisable value, after providing for obsolescence, where appropriate. The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis. The net realisable value of materials in process is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished Goods, Raw materials, packing materials and other supplies held for use in production of inventories are not written down below cost except in cases where material prices have declined, and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products will exceed their net realisable value.

The provision for inventory obsolescence is assessed regularly based on estimated usage and shelf life of products.

Raw materials, packing materials and stores and spares are valued at cost computed on moving weighted average basis. The cost includes purchase price, inward freight and other incidental expenses net of refundable duties, levies and taxes, where applicable.

Work-in-progress is valued at input material cost plus conversion cost as applicable.

Finished goods and stock-in-trade are valued at the lower of net realisable value and cost (including prime cost, non-refundable taxes and duties and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition), computed on a moving weighted average basis.

(g) Financial instruments

i. Recognition and initial measurement

The Company initially recognises financial assets and financial liabilities when it becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on initial recognition. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities, that are not at fair value through profit or loss, are added to the fair value on initial recognition.

ii. Classification and subsequent measurement Financial assets

Financial assets carried at amortised cost

A financial asset is subsequently measured at amortised cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

A financial asset is subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows

that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

A financial asset which is not classified in any of the above categories are subsequently fair valued through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the balance sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

Investment in subsidiaries, joint venture and associates

Investment in subsidiaries, joint venture and associates is carried at cost in the financial statements.

iii. Derecognition

Financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the right to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and a new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iv. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the Balance Sheet when, and only when, the Company has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

v. Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting

Initial recognition and subsequent measurement

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts, to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss.

Hedge accounting

The Company has not designated any derivative financial instruments to which hedge accounting would be applied.

(h) (a) Revenue recognition

The Company recognises revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. A 5-step approach is used to recognise revenue as below:

Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer

Step 2: Identify the performance obligation in contract

Step 3: Determine the transaction price

Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract Step 5: Recognise revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation Sale of goods:

Revenue is recognised when a customer obtains control of the goods which is ordinarily upon delivery at the customer premises and on completion of performance obligation. Revenue is recognised at a transaction price allocated to the extent of performance obligation satisfied after deduction of any trade discounts, volume rebates and any taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government which are levied on sales such as goods and services tax, etc. For certain contracts that permit the customer to return an item, revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur. As a consequence, for those contracts for which the Company is unable to make a reasonable estimate of return, revenue is recognised when the return period lapses or a reasonable estimate can be made. A refund liability and an asset for recovery is recognised for these contracts and presented separately in the balance sheet.

(b) Other recognitions :

(i) Income from royalties are recognised based on contractual agreements.

(ii) Dividend income is recognised when the Company’s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

(iii) For all financial instruments measured at amortised cost, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR), which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset. Interest income is included in other income in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(i) Business combination

Business combinations arising from transfers of interest in entities that are under the control of the shareholder who control the Company are accounted for as if the acquisition had occurred at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented or, if later, at the date that common control was established; for this purpose comparatives are revised. The assets and liabilities acquired are recognised at their carrying amounts. The identity of the reserves is preserved and they appear in the financial statements of the Company in the same form in which they appeared in the financial statements of the acquired entity. The difference, if any, between the value of net assets and the consequent reduction in value of investment held by the Company is transferred to the capital reserve or to the accumulated balance of profit and loss.

(j) Foreign currencies

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at their functional currency spot rates at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Exchange differences that arise on settlement of monetary items or on reporting at each balance sheet date are recognised as income or expenses in the period in which they arise. Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates at the date of transaction. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined.

(k) Government grants/Incentives

Government grants/incentives are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant/incentives will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant/incentives relates to revenue, it is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the periods to which they relate. When the grant/incentives relates to an asset, it is treated as deferred income and recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset.

(l) Income tax

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination or to an item recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

i. Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any related to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

ii. Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognised in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits. Deferred tax is not recognised for:

- temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of transaction.

- temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used.

Deferred tax assets recognised or unrecognised are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognised / reduced to the extent that it is probable / no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realised.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

The Company offsets, the current tax assets and liabilities (on a year on year basis) and deferred tax assets and liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right and where it intends to settle such assets and liabilities on a net basis.

(m) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of those property, plant and equipment which necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they incur in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(n) Provisions and contingent liabilities

i. General

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

ii. Contingent liabilities

A disclosure for contingent liabilities is made where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may probably not require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible or a present obligation where the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

iii. Onerous contracts

Provision for onerous contracts. i.e. contracts where the expected unavoidable cost of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it, are recognised when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle a present obligation as a result of an obligating event based on a reliable estimate of such obligation.

(o) Employee benefits

i. Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as short-term employee benefits, which include benefits like salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences and performance incentives and are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

ii. Post-employment benefits

Contributions to defined contribution schemes such as Provident Fund, Pension Fund, etc., are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service. In respect of certain employees, Provident Fund contributions are made to a Trust administered by the Company. The interest rate payable to the members of the Trust shall not be lower than the statutory rate of interest declared by the Central Government under the Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 and shortfall, if any, after considering the accumulated reserves with the Trust, shall be made good by the Company. To this extent, the Provident Fund scheme could be considered as a defined benefit plan.

In respect of contributions made to government administered Provident Fund, the Company has no further obligations beyond its monthly contributions. The Company also provides for post-employment defined benefit in the form of gratuity and medical benefits. The cost of providing benefit is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuation being carried out at each balance sheet date. Remeasurement of the net benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interests) and the effect of the assets ceiling (if any, excluding interest) are recognised in other comprehensive income. The service cost, net interest cost and effect of any plan amendments are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The Britannia Industries Limited Covenanted Staff Pension Fund Trust (‘BILCSPF’) and Britannia Industries Limited Officers’ Pension Fund Trust (‘BILOPF’) were established by the Company to administer pension schemes for its employees. These trusts are managed by the Trustees. The Pension Scheme is applicable to all the managers and officers of the Company who have been employed up to the date of 15 September 2005 and any manager or officer employed after that date, if he has opted for the membership of the Scheme. The Company makes a contribution of 15% of basic salary in respect of the members, each month to the trusts. On retirement, subject to the vesting conditions as per the rules of the trust, the member becomes eligible for pension, which is paid from annuity purchased in the name of the member by the trusts.

iii. Other long-term employee benefits

All employee benefits (other than post-employment benefits and termination benefits) which do not fall due wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related services are determined based on actuarial valuation or discounted present value method carried out at each balance sheet date. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary every year using projected unit credit method on the additional amount expected to be paid / availed as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date. Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognised in the period in which the absences occur.

iv. Voluntary retirement scheme benefits

Voluntary retirement scheme benefits are recognised as an expense in the year they are incurred.

(p) Share based payment

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value on the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model. That cost is recognised in employee benefits expense, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment (share options outstanding account) reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled. The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

For cash-settled share-based payments, the fair value of the amount payable to employees is recognised as employee benefits expense with a corresponding increase in liabilities, over the vesting period. The liability is remeasured at each reporting period up to, and including the settlement date, with changes in fair value recognised in employee benefits expense.

(q) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, cheques on hand and demand deposits with banks with original maturities of three months or less.

(r) Earnings per share

Basic Earnings Per Share (‘EPS’) is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is

computed by dividing the net profit by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the year, unless issued at a later date. In computing diluted earnings per share, only potential equity shares that are dilutive and that either reduces earnings per share or increases loss per share are included. The number of shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented in case of share splits.

(s) Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using indirect method, whereby net profits before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments and items of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from regular revenue generating (operating activities), investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

(t) Segment Reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM). The Executive Chairman and Managing Director is designated as the CODM.

(u) Non-current Assets held-for-sale

Non-Current Assets are classified as held-for-sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and sale is considered highly probable. A sale is considered as highly probable when decision has been made to sell, assets are available for immediate sale in its present condition, assets are being actively marketed and sale has been agreed or is expected to be concluded within 12 months of the date of classification. Non-current assets held for sale are neither depreciated nor amortised. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less cost of disposal and are presented separately in the Balance Sheet.

(v) Recent accounting pronouncements

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. On 31 March 2023, MCA amended the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023, which are effective from annual period beginning on or after 1 April 2023, details of which are given below;

Ind AS 107 - Financial instrument - The amendment substitutes the paragraph 21 - while presenting a Financial Statement an entity discloses material accounting policy information. Information about the measurement basis (or bases) for financial instruments used in preparing the financial statements is expected to be material accounting policy information. The Company has evaluated the amendment and there is no impact on its standalone financial statements.

Ind AS 1 - Presentation of financial statement - The standard requires the entities to disclose their material accounting policies rather than their significant accounting policies, which forms the basis of making materiality judgements.

Ind AS 8- Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors - The standard has introduced a definition of ‘accounting estimates’ and included appropriate amendments to help entities distinguish changes in accounting policies from changes in accounting estimates.

Ind AS 12 - Income Taxes - The standard has narrowed the scope of initial recognition exemption so that it does not apply to transactions that give rise to equal and offsetting temporary differences.

The Company has evaluated the aforementioned amendments and concluded that there is no material impact on the standalone financial statements.


Mar 31, 2022

1 Reporting entity

Britannia Industries Limited (the ‘Company’) is a company domiciled in India, with its registered office situated at 5/1A, Hungerford Street, Kolkata, West Bengal - 700017. The Company has been incorporated under the provisions of Indian Companies Act and its equity shares are listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in India. The Company is primarily involved in manufacturing and sale of various food products.

2 Basis of preparation

A. Statement of compliance

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015, as amended, notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, (the ‘Act’) and other relevant provisions of the Act.

The standalone financial statements were authorised for issue by the Company’s Board of Directors on 2 May 2022.

Details of the Company’s accounting policies are included in Note 3.

B. Functional and presentation currency

These standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (''), which is also the Company’s functional currency. All amounts have been rounded-off to two decimal places to the nearest crores, unless otherwise indicated.

C. Basis of measurement

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following items:

Items

Measurement basis

Certain financial assets and liabilities

Fair value

Share-based payments

Fair value

Net defined benefit asset/(liability)

Fair value of plan assets less present value of defined benefit obligations

D. Use of estimates and judgements

In preparing these standalone financial statements, the Company has made judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively.

Judgements

Information about judgements made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognised in the standalone financial statements is included in the following notes:

- Note 36 - leases: whether an arrangement contains a lease and lease classification

Assumptions and estimation uncertainties

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment in the year ending 31 March 2022 is included in the following notes:

- Note 44 - measurement of defined benefit obligations: key actuarial assumptions;

- Note 40 - recognition and measurement of provisions and contingencies: key assumptions about the likelihood and magnitude of an outflow of resources;

- Note 4 - useful life of property, plant and equipment

- Notes 7 to 9 and Notes 12,13,15 and 16 - impairment of financial assets.

E. Measurement of fair values

Certain accounting policies and disclosures of the Company require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non financial assets and liabilities.

The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values.

The valuation team regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments.

Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

- Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

- Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

- Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorised in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

The Company recognises transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

Further information about the assumptions made in the measuring fair values is included in the following notes:

- Note 5 - investment property

- Note 18 (e) - Share based payments / Phantom Option Scheme

- Note 50 - financial instruments.

3. Significant accounting policies

(a) Property, plant and equipment

i. Recognition and measurement

Items of property, plant and equipment, are measured at cost (which includes capitalised borrowing costs, if any) less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Cost of an item of property, plant and equipment includes its purchase price, duties, taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost of bringing the item to its working condition for its intended use and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

The cost of a self-constructed item of property, plant and equipment comprises the cost of materials, direct labour and any other costs directly attributable to bringing the item to its intended working condition and estimated costs of dismantling, removing and restoring the site on which it is located, wherever applicable.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

ii. Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company.

iii. Depreciation

Depreciation is calculated on cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual value using straight line method over the useful lives of assets as per schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Assets acquired under lease are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives unless it is reasonably certain that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term. Depreciation for assets purchased / sold during the period is proportionately charged.

The range of estimated useful lives of items of property, plant and equipment are as follows:

Asset

Useful life

Plant and equipment

7.5 - 15 years

Furniture and fixtures

10 years

Motor vehicles

8 years

Office equipment

3 - 5 years

Buildings

30 - 60 years

Freehold land is not depreciated.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

iv. Reclassification to investment property

When the use of a property changes from owner-occupied to investment property, the property is reclassified as investment property at its carrying amount on the date of classification.

v. Capital work-in-progress (CWIP)

Capital work-in-progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment/ intangible assets under installation / under development as at the balance sheet date.

(b) Investment property

Investment property is property held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes. Upon initial recognition, an investment property is measured at cost. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment property is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

The Company depreciates investment properties on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the asset as specified in the table above.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an investment property is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The fair values of investment property is disclosed in the notes accompanying these financial statements. Fair values are determined by an independent valuer who holds recognised and relevant professional qualification and has recent experience in the location and category of the investment property being valued.

(c) Intangible assets

Internally generated: Research and development

Expenditure on research activities is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

Development expenditure is capitalised as part of the cost of the resulting intangible asset only if the expenditure can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete the development and to use or sell the asset. Otherwise, it is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Others

Other intangible assets including those acquired by the Company in a business combination are initially measured at cost. Such intangible assets are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Amortisation

Amortisation is calculated to write off the cost of intangible assets less their estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method, and is included in depreciation and amortisation in Statement of Profit and Loss.

The estimated useful lives are as follows:

Asset

Useful life

Computer software

6 years

Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted if appropriate.

(d) Impairment

(i) Financial assets

The Company recognises loss allowances using the expected credit loss (ECL) model for the financial assets which are not fair valued through Statement of Profit and Loss. Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL. The amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date to the amount that is required to be recognised is recognised as an impairment gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment

Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the cash generated units to which the asset belongs. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the estimated recoverable amount of the asset. An impairment loss is reversed in the Statement of Profit and Loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortisation or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.

(e) Leases

The Company at the inception of a contract, assesses whether a contract, is or contains a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. A lessee recognises a Right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset and a lease liability representing its obligation to make lease payments. The Company does not recognise right-of-use of assets and lease liabilities for short term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low value assets. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight line basis over the lease term. Lessor accounting remains similar to the accounting under the previous standard i.e. lessor continues to classify leases as finance or operating lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

As a lessee

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right of use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct cost incurred and an estimate of cost to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life or the end of the lease term. The estimated useful life of the right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of property, plant and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. The lease payments shall include fixed payments, variable lease payments, residual value guarantees, exercise price of a purchase option where the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option and payment of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising an option to terminate the lease. Subsequent to initial measurement, the

liability is reduced for payments made and increased for interest. It is remeasured to reflect any reassessment or modification, or if there are changes in in-substance fixed payments. When the lease liability is remeasured, the corresponding adjustment is reflected in the right-of-use asset, or profit and loss if the right-of-use asset is already reduced to zero. On the Balance Sheet, right-of-use assets have been included under property, plant and equipment and lease liabilities have been included under financial liabilities.

As a lessor

Lease income from operating leases, where the Company is a lessor, is recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflation.

(f) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (including prime cost, non-refundable taxes and duties and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition) and estimated net realisable value, after providing for obsolescence, where appropriate. The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis. The net realisable value of materials in process is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished goods. Raw materials, packing materials and other supplies held for use in production of inventories are not written down below cost except in cases where material prices have declined, and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products will exceed their net realisable value.

The provision for inventory obsolescence is assessed regularly based on estimated usage and shelf life of products.

Raw materials, packing materials and stores and spares are valued at cost computed on moving weighted average basis. The cost includes purchase price, inward freight and other incidental expenses net of refundable duties, levies and taxes, where applicable.

Work-in-progress is valued at input material cost plus conversion cost as applicable.

Finished goods and stock-in-trade are valued at the lower of net realisable value and cost (including prime cost, non-refundable taxes and duties and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition), computed on a moving weighted average basis.

(g) Financial instruments

i. Recognition and initial measurement

The Company initially recognises financial assets and financial liabilities when it becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on initial recognition. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities, that are not at fair value through profit or loss, are added to the fair value on initial recognition.

ii. Classification and subsequent measurement

Financial assets

Financial assets carried at amortised cost

A financial asset is subsequently measured at amortised cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

A financial asset is subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

A financial asset which is not classified in any of the above categories are subsequently fair valued through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the balance sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

Investment in subsidiaries, joint venture and associates

Investment in equity shares in subsidiaries, joint venture and associates is carried at cost in the financial statements.

iii. Derecognition

Financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the right to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and a new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iv. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the Balance Sheet when, and only when, the Company has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

(h) Revenue recognition

The Company recognises revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. A 5-step approach is used to recognise revenue as below:

Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer Step 2: Identify the performance obligation in contract Step 3: Determine the transaction price

Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract Step 5: Recognise revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation

(i) Sale of goods:

Revenue is recognised when a customer obtains control of the goods which is ordinarily upon delivery at the customer premises. Revenue is measured at fair value of the consideration received or receivable, after deduction of any trade discounts, volume rebates and any taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government which are levied on sales such as goods and services tax, etc. For certain contracts that permit the customer to return an item, revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur. As a consequence, for those contracts for which the Company is unable to make a reasonable estimate of return, revenue is recognised when the return period lapses or a reasonable estimate can be made. A refund liability and an asset for recovery is recognised for these contracts and presented separately in the balance sheet.

(ii) Deferred revenue:

The Company has a customer loyalty programme for selected customers. The Company grants credit points to those customers as part of a sales transaction which allows them to accumulate and redeem those credit points. The consideration is allocated between the loyalty programme and the goods based on their relative stand-alone selling prices. The credit points have been deferred and will be recognised as revenue when the reward points are redeemed or lapsed.

(iii) Income from royalties are recognised based on contractual agreements.

(iv) Dividend income is recognised when the Company’s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

(v) For all financial instruments measured at amortised cost, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR), which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset. Interest income is included in other income in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(i) Business combination

Business combinations arising from transfers of interest in entities that are under the control of the shareholder who control the Company are accounted for as if the acquisition had occurred at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented or, if later, at the date that common control was established; for this purpose comparatives are revised. The assets and liabilities acquired are recognised at their carrying amounts. The identity of the reserves is preserved and they appear in the financial statements of the Company in the same form in which they appeared in the financial statements of the acquired entity. The difference, if any, between the value of net assets and the consequent reduction in value of investment held by the Company is transferred to the capital reserve or to the accumulated balance of profit and loss.

(j) Foreign currencies

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at their functional currency spot rates at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Exchange differences that arise on settlement of monetary items or on reporting at each balance sheet date are recognised as income or expenses in the period in which they arise. Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates at the date of transaction. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined.

(k) Government grants/Incentives

Government grants/incentives are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant/incentives will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant/incentives relates to revenue, it is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the periods to which they relate. When the grant/incentives relates to an asset, it is treated as deferred income and recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset.

(l) Income tax

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination or to an item recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

i. Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any related to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

ii. Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognised in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits. Deferred tax is not recognised for:

- temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of transaction.

- temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used.

Deferred tax assets recognised or unrecognised are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognised / reduced to the extent that it is probable / no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realised.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

The Company offsets, the current tax assets and liabilities (on a year on year basis) and deferred tax assets and liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right and where it intends to settle such assets and liabilities on a net basis.

(m) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of those property, plant and equipment which necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they incur in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(n) Provisions and contingent liabilities

i. General

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

ii. Contingent liabilities

A disclosure for contingent liabilities is made where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may probably not require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible or a present obligation where the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

iii. Onerous contracts

Provision for onerous contracts. i.e. contracts where the expected unavoidable cost of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it, are recognised when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle a present obligation as a result of an obligating event based on a reliable estimate of such obligation.

(o) Employee benefits

i. Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as short-term employee benefits, which include benefits like salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences and performance incentives and are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

ii. Post-employment benefits

Contributions to defined contribution schemes such as Provident Fund, Pension Fund, etc., are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service. In respect of certain employees, Provident Fund contributions are made to a Trust administered by the Company. The interest rate payable to the members of the Trust shall not be lower than the statutory rate of interest declared by the Central Government under the Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 and shortfall, if any, after considering the accumulated reserves with the Trust, shall be made good by the Company. To this extent, the Provident Fund scheme could be considered as a defined benefit plan. In respect of contributions made to government administered Provident Fund, the Company has no further obligations beyond its monthly contributions. The Company also provides for post-employment defined benefit in the form of gratuity and medical benefits. The cost of providing benefit is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuation being carried out at each balance sheet date. Remeasurement of the net benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interests) and the effect of the assets ceiling (if any, excluding interest) are recognised in other comprehensive income. The effect of any plan amendments are recognised in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The Britannia Industries Limited Covenanted Staff Pension Fund Trust (‘BILCSPF’) and Britannia Industries Limited Officers’ Pension Fund Trust (‘BILOPF’) were established by the Company to administer pension schemes for its employees. These trusts are managed by the Trustees. The Pension Scheme is applicable to all the managers and officers of the Company who have been employed up to the date of 15 September 2005 and any manager or officer employed after that date, if he has opted for the membership of the Scheme. The Company makes a contribution of 15% of basic salary in respect of the members, each month to the trusts. On retirement, subject to the vesting conditions as per the rules of the trust, the member becomes eligible for pension, which is paid from annuity purchased in the name of the member by the trusts.

iii. Other long-term employee benefits

All employee benefits (other than post-employment benefits and termination benefits) which do not fall due wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related services are determined based on actuarial valuation or discounted present value method carried out at each balance sheet date. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary as at 1 January every year using projected unit credit method on the additional amount expected to be paid / availed as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date. Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognised in the period in which the absences occur.

iv. Voluntary retirement scheme benefits

Voluntary retirement scheme benefits are recognised as an expense in the year they are incurred.

(p) Share based payment/Cash-settled share-based payments

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value on the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model. That cost is recognised in employee benefits expense, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment (share options outstanding account) reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled. The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

For cash-settled share-based payments, the fair value of the amount payable to employees is recognised as employee benefits expense with a corresponding increase in liabilities, over the vesting period. The liability is remeasured at each reporting period up to, and including the settlement date, with changes in fair value recognised in employee benefits expense.

(q) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, cheques on hand and demand deposits with banks with original maturities of three months or less.

(r) Earnings per share

Basic Earnings Per Share (‘EPS’) is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the year, unless issued at a later date. In computing diluted earnings per share, only potential equity shares that are dilutive and that either reduces earnings per share or increases loss per share are included. The number of shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented in case of share splits.

(s) Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using indirect method, whereby net profits before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments and items of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from regular revenue generating (operating activities), investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

(t) Recent accounting pronouncements

Standards issued but not effective on Balance Sheet date:

Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. On March 23, 2022, MCA amended the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2022, as below;

Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments

The amendment clarifies that the terms are substantially different if the discounted present value of the cash flows under the new terms, including any fees paid net of any fees received and discounted using the original effective interest rate, is at least 10 per cent different from the discounted present value of the remaining cash flows of the original financial liability. In determining those fees paid net of fees received, a borrower includes only fees paid or received between the borrower and the lender, including fees paid or received by either the borrower or lender on the other‘s behalf.

If an exchange of debt instruments or modification of terms is accounted for as an extinguishment, any costs or fees incurred are recognised as part of the gain or loss on the extinguishment. If the exchange or modification is not accounted for as an extinguishment, any costs or fees incurred adjust the carrying amount of the liability and are amortised over the remaining term of the modified liability.

Ind AS 16 - Property Plant and equipment - The amendment clarifies that excess of net sale proceeds of items produced over the cost of testing, if any, shall not be recognised in the profit or loss but deducted from the directly attributable costs considered as part of cost of an item of property, plant, and equipment. The Company has evaluated the amendment and there is no impact on its standalone financial statements.

Ind AS 37 - Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets - The amendment specifies that the ‘cost of fulfilling’ a contract comprises the ‘costs that relate directly to the contract’. Costs that relate directly to a contract can either be incremental costs of fulfilling that contract (examples would be direct labour, materials) or an allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling contracts (an example would be the allocation of the depreciation charge for an item of property, plant and equipment used in fulfilling the contract). The Company has evaluated the amendment and there is no impact on its standalone financial statements.


Mar 31, 2021

1 Reporting entity

Britannia Industries Limited (the ‘Company’) is a company domiciled in India, with its registered office situated at 5/1A, Hungerford Street, Kolkata, West Bengal - 700017. The Company has been incorporated under the provisions of Indian Companies Act and its equity shares are listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in India. The Company is primarily involved in manufacturing and sale of various food products.

2 Basis of preparation

A. Statement of compliance

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015, as amended, notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, (the ‘Act’) and other relevant provisions of the Act.

The standalone financial statements were authorised for issue by the Company’s Board of Directors on 27 April 2021.

Details of the Company’s accounting policies are included in Note 3.

B. Functional and presentation currency

These standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (''), which is also the Company’s functional currency. All amounts have been rounded-off to two decimal places to the nearest crores, unless otherwise indicated.

C. Basis of measurement

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following

items*

Items

Measurement basis

Certain financial assets and liabilities

Fair value

Share-based payments

Fair value

Net defined benefit asset/(liability)

Fair value of plan assets less present value of defined benefit obligations

D. use of estimates and judgements

In preparing these standalone financial statements, the Company has made judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively.

Judgements

Information about judgements made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognised in the standalone financial statements is included in the following notes:

- Note 37 - leases: whether an arrangement contains a lease and lease classification

Assumptions and estimation uncertainties

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment in the year ending 31 March 2021 is included in the following notes:

- Note 46 - measurement of defined benefit obligations: key actuarial assumptions;

- Note 41 - recognition and measurement of provisions and contingencies: key assumptions about the likelihood and magnitude of an outflow of resources;

- Note 4 - useful life of property, plant and equipment

- Notes 7 to 9 and Notes 12,13,15 and 16 - impairment of financial assets.

E. Measurement of fair values

Certain accounting policies and disclosures of the Company require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non financial assets and liabilities.

The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values.

The valuation team regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments.

Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

- Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

- Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

- Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorised in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

The Company recognises transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

Further information about the assumptions made in the measuring fair values is included in the following notes:

- Note 5 - investment property

- Note 18 (d) - share-based payments

- Note 54 - financial instruments.

3. Significant accounting policies

(a) Property, plant and equipment

i. Recognition and measurement

Items of property, plant and equipment, are measured at cost (which includes capitalised borrowing costs, if any) less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Cost of an item of property, plant and equipment includes its purchase price, duties, taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost of bringing the item to its working condition for its intended use and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

The cost of a self-constructed item of property, plant and equipment comprises the cost of materials, direct labour and any other costs directly attributable to bringing the item to its intended working condition and estimated costs of dismantling, removing and restoring the site on which it is located, wherever applicable.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

ii. Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company.

iii. Depreciation

Depreciation is calculated on cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual value using straight line method over the useful lives of assets estimated by the Company based on an internal technical evaluation performed by the Company and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Assets acquired under lease are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives unless it is reasonably certain that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term. Depreciation for assets purchased / sold during the period is proportionately charged.

The range of estimated useful lives of items of property, plant and equipment are as follows:

Asset

Useful life

Plant and equipment

7.5 - 15 years

Furniture and fixtures

10 years

Motor vehicles

8 years

Office equipment

3 - 5 years

Buildings

30 - 60 years

Leasehold land

Lease period

Freehold land is not depreciated.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

iv. Reclassification to investment property

When the use of a property changes from owner-occupied to investment property, the property is reclassified as investment property at its carrying amount on the date of classification.

v. Capital work-in-progress

Capital work-in-progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment/ intangible assets under installation / under development as at the balance sheet date.

(b) Investment property

Investment property is property held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes. Upon initial recognition, an investment property is measured at cost. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment property is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

The Company depreciates investment properties on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the asset as specified in the table above.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an investment property is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The fair values of investment property is disclosed in the notes acccompanying these financial statements. Fair values are determined by an independent valuer who holds recognised and relevant professional qualification and has recent experience in the location and category of the investment property being valued.

(c) Intangible assets

Internally generated: Research and development

Expenditure on research activities is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

Development expenditure is capitalised as part of the cost of the resulting intangible asset only if the expenditure can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete the development and to use or sell the asset. Otherwise, it is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Others

Other intangible assets including those acquired by the Company in a business combination are initially measured at cost. Such intangible assets are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Amortisation

Amortisation is calculated to write off the cost of intangible assets less their estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives using the straight- line method, and is included in depreciation and amortisation in Statement of Profit and Loss.

The estimated useful lives are as follows:

Asset

useful life

Computer software

6 years

Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted if appropriate.

(d) Impairment

(i) Financial assets

The Company recognises loss allowances using the expected credit loss (ECL) model for the financial assets which are not fair valued through Statement of Profit and Loss. Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL. The amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date to the amount that is required to be recognised is recognised as an impairment gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment

Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the cash generated units to which the asset belongs. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the estimated recoverable amount of the asset. An impairment loss is reversed in the Statement of Profit and Loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortisation or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.

(e) Leases

Effective 1 April 2019, the Company has applied Ind AS 116, which replaces the erstwhile lease standard, Ind AS 17 Leases and other interpretations. The Company at the inception of a contract, assesses whether a contract, is or contains a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Ind AS 116 introduces a single balance sheet lease accounting model for lessees. A lessee recognises a Right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset and a lease liability representing its obligation to make lease payments. The Company does not recognise right-of-use of assets and lease liabilities for short term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low value assets. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight line basis over the lease term. Lessor accounting remains similar to the accounting under the previous standard i.e. lessor continues to classify leases as finance or operating lease. This policy is applied to contracts entered into, or changed, on or after 1 April 2019. For contracts entered into before 1 April 2019, the determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

As a lessee

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right of use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct cost incurred and an estimate of cost to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received. The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life or the end of the lease term. The estimated useful life of the right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of property, plant and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. The lease payments shall include fixed payments, variable lease payments, residual value guarantees, exercise price of a purchase option where the Company

is reasonably certain to exercise that option and payment of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising an option to terminate the lease. Subsequent to initial measurement, the liability is reduced for payments made and increased for interest. It is remeasured to reflect any reassessment or modification, or if there are changes in in-substance fixed payments. When the lease liability is remeasured, the corresponding adjustment is reflected in the right-of-use asset, or profit and loss if the right-of-use asset is already reduced to zero. On the Balance Sheet, right-of-use assets have been included under property, plant and equipment and lease liabilities have been included under borrowings & other financial liabilities.

As a lessor

Lease income from operating leases, where the Company is a lessor, is recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflation.

(f) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (including prime cost, non-refundable taxes and duties and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition) and estimated net realisable value, after providing for obsolescence, where appropriate. The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis. The net realisable value of materials in process is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished goods. Raw materials, packing materials and other supplies held for use in production of inventories are not written down below cost except in cases where material prices have declined, and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products will exceed their net realisable value.

The provision for inventory obsolescence is assessed regularly based on estimated usage and shelf life of products.

Raw materials, packing materials and stores and spares are valued at cost computed on moving weighted average basis. The cost includes purchase price, inward freight and other incidental expenses net of refundable duties, levies and taxes, where applicable.

Work-in-progress is valued at input material cost plus conversion cost as applicable.

Finished goods and stock-in-trade are valued at the lower of net realisable value and cost (including prime cost, non-refundable taxes and duties and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition), computed on a moving weighted average basis.

(g) Financial instruments

i. Recognition and initial measurement

The Company initially recognises financial assets and financial liabilities when it becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on initial recognition. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities, that are not at fair value through profit or loss, are added to the fair value on initial recognition.

ii. Classification and subsequent measurement

Financial assets

Financial assets carried at amortised cost

A financial asset is subsequently measured at amortised cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

A financial asset is subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

A financial asset which is not classified in any of the above categories are subsequently fair valued through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the balance sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

Investment in subsidiaries, joint venture and associates

Investment in equity shares in subsidiaries, joint venture and associates is carried at cost in the financial statements.

iii. Derecognition

Financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the right to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and a new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iv. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

(h) Revenue recognition

The Company recognises revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. A 5-step approach is used to recognise revenue as below:

Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer Step 2: Identify the performance obligation in contract Step 3: Determine the transaction price

Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract Step 5: Recognise revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation”

(i) Sale of goods:

Revenue is recognised when a customer obtains control of the goods which is ordinarily upon delivery at the customer premises. Revenue is measured at fair value of the consideration received or receivable, after deduction of any trade discounts, volume rebates and any taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government which are levied on sales such as goods and services tax, etc. For certain contracts that permit the customer to return an item, revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur. As a consequence, for those contracts for which the Company is unable to make a reasonable estimate of return, revenue is recognised when the return period lapses or a reasonable estimate can be made. A refund liability and an asset for recovery is recognised for these contracts and presented separately in the balance sheet.

(ii) Deferred revenue:

The Company has a customer loyalty programme for select customers. The Company grants credit points to those customers as part of a sales transaction which allows them to accumulate and redeem those credit points. The consideration is allocated between the loyalty programme and the goods based on their relative stand-alone selling prices. The credit points have been deferred and will be recognised as revenue when the reward points are redeemed or lapsed.

(iii) Income from royalties are recognised based on contractual agreements.

(iv) Dividend income is recognised when the Company’s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

(v) For all financial instruments measured at amortised cost, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR), which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset. Interest income is included in other income in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(i) Business combination

Business combinations arising from transfers of interest in entities that are under the control of the shareholder who control the Company are accounted for as if the acquisition had occurred at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented or, if later, at the date that common control was established; for this purpose comparatives are revised. The assets and liabilities acquired are recognised at their carrying amounts. The identity of the reserves is preserved and they appear in the financial statements of the Company in the same form in which they appeared in the financial statements of the acquired entity. The difference, if any, between the value of net assets and the consequent reduction in value of investment held by the Company is transferred to the capital reserve or to the accumulated balance of profit and loss.

(j) Foreign currencies

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at their functional currency spot rates at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Exchange differences that arise on settlement of monetary items or on reporting at each balance sheet date are recognised as income or expenses in the period in which they arise. Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates at the date of transaction. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined.

(k) Government grants

Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to revenue, it is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the periods to which they relate. When the grant relates to an asset, it is treated as deferred income and recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset.

(l) Income tax

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination or to an item recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

i. Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any related to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

ii. Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognised in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits. Deferred tax is not recognised for:

- temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of transaction.

- temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used.

Deferred tax assets recognised or unrecognised are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognised / reduced to the extent that it is probable / no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realised.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

The Company offsets, the current tax assets and liabilities (on a year on year basis) and deferred tax assets and liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right and where it intends to settle such assets and liabilities on a net basis.

(m) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of those property, plant and equipment which necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they incur in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(n) Provisions and contingent liabilities

i. General

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

ii. Contingent liabilities

A disclosure for contingent liabilities is made where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may probably not require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible or a present obligation where the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

iii. Onerous contracts

Provision for onerous contracts. i.e. contracts where the expected unavoidable cost of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it, are recognised when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle a present obligation as a result of an obligating event based on a reliable estimate of such obligation.

(o) Employee benefits

i. Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as short-term employee benefits, which include benefits like salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences and performance incentives and are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

ii. Post-employment benefits

Contributions to defined contribution schemes such as Provident Fund, Pension Fund, etc., are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service. In respect of certain employees, Provident Fund contributions are made to a Trust administered by the Company. The interest rate payable to the members of the Trust shall not be lower than the statutory rate of interest declared by the Central Government under the Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 and shortfall, if any, after considering the accumulated reserves with the Trust, shall be made good by the Company. To this extent, the Provident Fund scheme could be considered as a defined benefit plan. In respect of contributions made to government administered Provident Fund, the Company has no further obligations beyond its monthly contributions. The Company also provides for post-employment defined benefit in the form of gratuity and medical benefits. The cost of providing benefit is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuation being carried out at each balance sheet date. Remeasurement of the net benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interests) and the effect of the assets ceiling (if any, excluding interest) are recognised in other comprehensive income. The effect of any plan amendments are recognised in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The Britannia Industries Limited Covenanted Staff Pension Fund Trust (‘BILCSPF’) and Britannia Industries Limited Officers’ Pension Fund Trust (‘BILOPF’) were established by the Company to administer pension schemes for its employees. These trusts are managed by the Trustees. The Pension Scheme is applicable to all the managers and officers of the Company who have been employed up to the date of 15 September 2005 and any manager or officer employed after that date, if he has opted for the membership of the Scheme. The Company makes a contribution of 15% of basic salary in respect of the members, each month to the trusts. On retirement, subject to the vesting conditions as per the rules of the trust, the member becomes eligible for pension, which is paid from annuity purchased in the name of the member by the trusts.

iii. Other long-term employee benefits

All employee benefits (other than post-employment benefits and termination benefits) which do not fall due wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related services are determined based on actuarial valuation or discounted present value method carried out at each balance sheet date. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary as at 1 January every year using projected unit credit method on the additional amount expected to be paid / availed as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date. Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognised in the period in which the absences occur.

iv. Voluntary retirement scheme benefits

Voluntary retirement scheme benefits are recognised as an expense in the year they are incurred.

(p) Share-based payments

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value on the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model. That cost is recognised in employee benefits expense, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment (share options outstanding account) reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled. The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

(q) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, cheques on hand and demand deposits with banks with original maturities of three months or less.

(r) Earnings per share

Basic Earnings Per Share (‘EPS’) is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the year, unless issued at a later date. In computing diluted earnings per share, only potential equity shares that are dilutive and that either reduces earnings per share or increases loss per share are included. The number of shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented in case of share splits.

(s) Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using indirect method, whereby net profits before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments and items of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from regular revenue generating (operating activities), investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

(t) Recent accounting pronouncements

On 24 March 2021, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) through a notification, amended Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013. The amendments revise Division I, II and III of Schedule III and are applicable from 1 April 2021. Key amendments relating to Division II which relate to companies whose financial statements are required to comply with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015 are:

Balance Sheet:

• Lease liabilities should be separately disclosed under the head ‘financial liabilities’, duly distinguished as current or non-current.

• Certain additional disclosures in the statement of changes in equity such as changes in equity share capital due to prior period errors and restated balances at the beginning of the current reporting period.

• Specified format for disclosure of shareholding of promoters.

• Specified format for ageing schedule of trade receivables, trade payables, capital work-in-progress and intangible asset under development.

• If a company has not used funds for the specific purpose for which it was borrowed from banks and financial institutions, then disclosure of details of where it has been used.

• Specific disclosure under ‘additional regulatory requirement’ such as compliance with approved schemes of arrangements, compliance with number of layers of companies, title deeds of immovable property not held in name of company, loans and advances to promoters, directors, key managerial personnel (KMP) and related parties, details of benami property held etc.

Statement of profit and loss:

• Additional disclosures relating to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), undisclosed income and crypto or virtual currency specified under the head ‘additional information’ in the notes forming part of standalone financial statements.

The amendments are extensive and the Company will evaluate the same to give effect to them as required by law.


Mar 31, 2019

(a) Property, plant and equipment

i. Recognition and measurement

Items of property, plant and equipment, are measured at cost (which includes capitalised borrowing costs, if any) less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Cost of an item of property, plant and equipment includes its purchase price, duties, taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost of bringing the item to its working condition for its intended use and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

The cost of a self-constructed item of property, plant and equipment comprises the cost of materials, direct labour and any other costs directly attributable to bringing the item to its intended working condition and estimated costs of dismantling, removing and restoring the site on which it is located, wherever applicable.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in profit or loss.

ii. Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company.

iii. Depreciation

Depreciation is calculated on cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual value using straight line method over the useful lives of assets estimated by the Company based on an internal technical evaluation performed by the Company and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Assets acquired under finance lease are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives unless it is reasonably certain that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term. Depreciation for assets purchased / sold during the period is proportionately charged.

The range of estimated useful lives of items of property plant and equipment are as follows:

Freehold land is not depreciated.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

iv. Reclassification to investment property

When the use of a property changes from owner-occupied to investment property, the property is reclassified as investment property at its carrying amount on the date of classification.

v. Capital work-in-progress

Capital work-in-progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment under installation / under development as at the balance sheet date.

(b) Investment property

Investment property is property held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes. Upon initial recognition, an investment property is measured at cost. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment property is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

The Company depreciates investment properties on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the asset as specified in the table above.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an investment property is recognised in profit or loss.

The fair values of investment property is disclosed in the notes acccompanying these financial statements. Fair values are determined by an independent valuer who holds recognised and relevant professional qualification and has recent experience in the location and category of the investment property being valued.

(c) Intangible assets

Internally generated: Research and development.

Expenditure on research activities is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

Development expenditure is capitalised as part of the cost of the resulting intangible asset only if the expenditure can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset. Otherwise, it is recognised in profit or loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

Others

Other intangible assets including those acquired by the Company in a business combination are initially measured at cost. Such intangible assets are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

Amortisation

Amortisation is calculated to write off the cost of intangible assets less their estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives using the straight- line method, and is included in depreciation and amortisation in Statement of Profit and Loss.

The estimated useful lives are as follows:

Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted if appropriate.

(d) Impairment

(i) Financial assets

The Company recognises loss allowances using the expected credit loss (ECL) model for the financial assets which are not fair valued through profit or loss. Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL. The amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date to the amount that is required to be recognised is recognised as an impairment gain or loss in profit or loss.

(ii) Non -financial assets

Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment

Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the cash generated units to which the asset belongs. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the estimated recoverable amount of the asset. An impairment loss is reversed in the Statement of Profit and Loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortisation or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.

(e) Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

As a lessee

Leases of property, plant and equipment where the Company as lessee, has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Finance leases are capitalised at the lease’s inception at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding rental obligations, net of finance charges, are included in borrowings or other financial liabilities as appropriate. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to the profit or loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.

Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred to the Company as lessee are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessor) are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increases.

As a lessor

Lease income from operating leases, where the Company is a lessor, is recognised in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflation.

(f) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (including prime cost, non-refundable taxes and duties and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition) and estimated net realisable value, after providing for obsolescence, where appropriate. The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis. The net realisable value of materials in process is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished goods. Raw materials, packing materials and other supplies held for use in production of inventories are not written down below cost except in cases where material prices have declined, and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products will exceed their net realisable value.

The provision for inventory obsolescence is assessed regularly based on estimated usage and shelf life of products.

Raw materials, packing materials and stores and spares are valued at cost computed on moving weighted average basis. The cost includes purchase price, inward freight and other incidental expenses net of refundable duties, levies and taxes, where applicable.

Work-in-progress is valued at input material cost plus conversion cost as applicable.

Finished goods and stock-in-trade are valued at the lower of net realisable value and cost (including prime cost, non-refundable taxes and duties and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition), computed on a moving weighted average basis.

(g) Financial instruments

i. Recognition and initial measurement

The Company initially recognises financial assets and financial liabilities when it becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on initial recognition. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities, that are not at fair value through profit or loss, are added to the fair value on initial recognition.

ii. Classification and subsequent measurement

Financial assets

Financial assets carried at amortised cost

A financial asset is subsequently measured at amortised cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

A financial asset is subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

A financial asset which is not classified in any of the above categories are subsequently fair valued through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the balance sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

Investment in subsidiaries, joint venture and associates

Investment in equity shares in subsidiaries, joint venture and associates is carried at cost in the financial statements.

iii. Derecognition

Financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the right to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and a new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iv. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

(h) Revenue recognition

Effective 1 April 2018, the Company has applied Ind AS 115 which establishes a comprehensive framework for determining whether, how much and when revenue is to be recognised. Ind AS 115 replaces Ind AS 18 Revenue Recognition. The Company has adopted Ind AS 115 using the cumulative effect method (without practical expedients), with the effect of initially applying this standard recognised at the date of initial application (i.e. 1 April 2018). Accordingly, the information presented for the year ended 31 March 2018 has not been restated - i.e. it is presented, as previously reported, under Ind AS 18 and related interpretations.

The Company recognises revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. A 5-step approach is used to recognise revenue as below:

Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer Step 2: Identify the performance obligation in contract Step 3: Determine the transaction price

Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract Step 5: Recognise revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation

(i) Sale of goods:

Revenue is recognised when a customer obtains control of the goods which is ordinarily upon delivery at the customer premises. Revenue is measured at fair value of the consideration received or receivable, after deduction of any trade discounts, volume rebates and any taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government which are levied on sales such as goods and services tax, etc. For certain contracts that permit the customer to return an item, revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur. As a consequence, for those contracts for which the Company is unable to make a reasonable estimate of return, revenue is recognised when the return period lapses or a reasonable estimate can be made. A refund liability and an asset for recovery is recognised for these contracts and presented separately in the balance sheet.

(ii) Deferred revenue:

The Company has a customer loyalty programme for selected customers. The Company grants credit points to those customers as part of a sales transaction which allows them to accumulate and redeem those credit points. The consideration is allocated between the loyalty programme and the goods based on their relative stand-alone selling prices. The credit points have been deferred and will be recognised as revenue when the reward points are redeemed or lapsed.

(iii) Income from royalties are recognised based on contractual agreements.

(iv) Dividend income is recognised when the Company''s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

(v) For all financial instruments measured at amortised cost, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR), which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset. Interest income is included in other income in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(i) Business combination

Business combinations arising from transfers of interest in entities that are under the control of the shareholder that controls the Company are accounted for as if the acquisition had occurred at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented or, if later, at the date that common control was established; for this purpose comparatives are revised. The assets and liabilities acquired are recognised at their carrying amounts. The identity of the reserves is preserved and they appear in the financial statements of the Company in the same form in which they appeared in the financial statements of the acquired entity. The difference, if any, between the value of net assets and the consequent reduction in value of investment held by the Company is transferred to the capital reserve or to the accumulated balance of profit and loss.

(j) Foreign currencies

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at their functional currency spot rates at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Exchange differences that arise on settlement of monetary items or on reporting at each balance sheet date are recognised as income or expenses in the period in which they arise. Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates at the date of transaction. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined.

(k) Government grants

Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to revenue, it is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the periods to which they relate. When the grant relates to an asset, it is treated as deferred income and recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset.

(l) Income tax

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognised in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination or to an item recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

i. Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any related to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

ii. Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognised in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits. Deferred tax is not recognised for:

temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of transaction.

temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used.

Deferred tax assets recognised or unrecognised are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognised / reduced to the extent that it is probable / no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realised.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

The Company offsets, the current tax assets and liabilities (on a year on year basis) and deferred tax assets and liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right and where it intends to settle such assets and liabilities on a net basis.

(m) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of those property, plant and equipment which necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they incur in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(n) Provisions and contingent liabilities

i. General

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

ii. Contingent liabilities

A disclosure for contingent liabilities is made where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may probably not require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible or a present obligation where the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

iii. Onerous contracts

Provision for onerous contracts, i.e. contracts where the expected unavoidable cost of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it, are recognised when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle a present obligation as a result of an obligating event based on a reliable estimate of such obligation.

(o) Employee benefits

i. Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as short-term employee benefits, which include benefits like salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences and performance incentives and are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

ii. Post-employment benefits

Contributions to defined contribution schemes such as Provident Fund, Pension Fund, etc., are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service. In respect of certain employees, Provident Fund contributions are made to a Trust administered by the Company. The interest rate payable to the members of the Trust shall not be lower than the statutory rate of interest declared by the Central Government under the Employees'' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 and shortfall, if any, after considering the accumulated reserves with the Trust, shall be made good by the Company. To this extent, the Provident Fund scheme could be considered as a defined benefit plan. In respect of contributions made to government administered Provident Fund, the Company has no further obligations beyond its monthly contributions. The Company also provides for post-employment defined benefit in the form of gratuity and medical benefits. The cost of providing benefit is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuation being carried out at each balance sheet date. Remeasurement of the net benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interests) and the effect of the assets ceiling (if any, excluding interest) are recognised in other comprehensive income. The effect of any plan amendments are recognised in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The Britannia Industries Limited Covenanted Staff Pension Fund Trust (''BILCSPF'') and Britannia Industries Limited Officers’ Pension Fund Trust (''BILOPF'') were established by the Company to administer pension schemes for its employees. These trusts are managed by the Trustees. The Pension Scheme is applicable to all the managers and officers of the Company who have been employed up to the date of 15 September 2005 and any manager or officer employed after that date, if he has opted for the membership of the Scheme. The Company makes a contribution of 15% of basic salary in respect of the members, each month to the trusts. On retirement, subject to the vesting conditions as per the rules of the trust, the member becomes eligible for pension, which is paid from annuity purchased in the name of the member by the trusts.

iii. Other long-term employee benefits

All employee benefits (other than post-employment benefits and termination benefits) which do not fall due wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related services are determined based on actuarial valuation or discounted present value method carried out at each balance sheet date. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary as at 1 January every year using projected unit credit method on the additional amount expected to be paid / availed as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date. Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognised in the period in which the absences occur.

iv. Voluntary retirement scheme benefits

Voluntary retirement scheme benefits are recognised as an expense in the year they are incurred.

(p) Share-based payments

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model. That cost is recognised in employee benefits expense, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment (SBP) reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled. The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

(q) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, demand deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

(r) Earnings per share

Basic Earnings Per Share (''EPS'') is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the year, unless issued at a later date. In computing diluted earnings per share, only potential equity shares that are dilutive and that either reduces earnings per share or increases loss per share are included. The number of shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented in case of share splits.

(s) Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using indirect method, whereby net profits before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments and items of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from regular revenue generating (operating activities), investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

(t) Recent accounting pronouncements

Standards issued but not effective on Balance Sheet date:

Ind AS 116 - Leases

The Company is required to adopt Ind AS 116 Leases from 1 April 2019. Ind AS 116 replaces existing leases guidance, including Ind AS 17 Leases. Ind AS 116 introduces a single Balance sheet lease accounting model for lessees. A lessee recognises a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset and a lease liability representing its obligation to make lease payments. There are recognition exemptions for short-term leases and leases of low-value items. Lessor accounting remains similar to the current standard - i.e. lessors continue to classify leases as finance or operating leases.

i. Leases in which the Company is a lessee

Under the new standard, the Company will be required to recognise new assets and liabilities for its operating leases. The nature of expenses related to those leases will now change because the Company will recognise a depreciation charge for right-of-use assets and interest expense on lease liabilities. Previously, the Company recognised operating lease expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, and recognised assets and liabilities only to the extent that there was a timing difference between actual lease payments and the expense recognised. The Company is in the process of evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of Ind AS 116 on accounting policies followed in its financial statements. The quantitative impact of adoption of Ind AS 116 on the financial statements in the period of initial application is not reasonably estimable as at present.

ii. Leases in which the Company is a lessor

No impact is expected for leases in which the Company is a lessor.

iii. Transition

The Company plans to apply Ind AS 116 using the modified retrospective method, with the effect of initially applying this standard recognised at the date of initial application (i.e. 1 April 2019) in retained earnings. As a result, the Company will not present individual line items appearing under comparative period presentation.

Ind AS 12 - Income taxes (amendments relating to income tax consequences of dividend and uncertainty over income tax treatments)

An entity shall recognise the income tax consequences of dividends when it recognises a liability to pay a dividend. Therefore, the entity shall recognise the income tax consequences of dividends in profit or loss, other comprehensive income or equity according to where the entity originally recognised those past transactions or events. The Company does not expect any significant impact of this amendment on its financial statements.

The amendment to Appendix C of Ind AS 12 outlines the following:

(a) whether an entity considers uncertain tax treatments separately - The entity shall use judgement to determine whether each tax treatment should be considered separately or together with one or more other uncertain tax treatments based on which approach better predicts the resolution of the uncertainty and in determining the approach an entity might consider how it prepares its income tax filings and supports tax treatments; or how the entity expects the taxation authority to make its examination and resolve issues that might arise from that examination.

(b) the assumptions an entity makes about the examination of tax treatments by taxation authorities- The entity shall assume that a taxation authority will examine amounts it has a right to examine and have full knowledge of all related information when making those examinations.

(c) how an entity determines taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates - The entity shall consider the probability of the relevant taxation authority accepting the tax treatment and the determination of taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates would depend upon the aforesaid probability.

The Company does not expect any significant impact of this amendment on its financial statements.

Ind AS 19 - Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement

The amendment clarifies that when determining past service cost, or a gain or loss on settlement due to plan amendment, curtailment or settlement, an entity shall remeasure the net defined benefit liability (asset) using the current fair value of plan assets and current actuarial assumptions, including current market interest rates and other current market prices, reflecting:

(a) the benefits offered under the plan and the plan assets before the plan amendment, curtailment or settlement; and

(b) the benefits offered under the plan and the plan assets after the plan amendment, curtailment or settlement.

Further, if a plan amendment, curtailment or settlement occurs, it is mandatory that the current service cost and the net interest for the period after the re-measurement are determined using the assumptions used for the re-measurement. In addition, amendments have been included to clarify the effect of a plan amendment, curtailment or settlement on the requirements regarding the asset ceiling. The Company does not expect any significant impact of this amendment on its financial statements.

Ind AS 28 - Long-term Interests in Associates and Joint Ventures

The amendment clarifies that an entity shall be required to apply Ind AS 109 - “Financial Instruments”, to long-term interests in an associate or joint venture that form part of the entity''s net investment in the associate or joint venture but to which the equity method is not applied. The Company does not expect any significant impact of this amendment on its financial statements.

Ind AS 103 - Business Combinations and Ind AS 111 - Joint Arrangements

The amendment to Ind AS 103 relating to re-measurement clarify that when an entity obtains control of a business that is a joint operation and had rights to the assets and obligations for the liabilities relating to that joint operation immediately before the acquisition date, the transaction is a business combination achieved in stages and the entity shall re-measure its previously held interests in that business. The amendment to Ind AS 111 clarifies that when an entity obtains joint control of a business that is a joint operation, the entity does not re-measure previously held interests in that business. The Company will apply the amendment if and when it obtains control / joint control of a business that is a joint operation.


Mar 31, 2018

1 Reporting entity

Britannia Industries Limited (the ‘Company’) is a company domiciled in India, with its registered office situated at 5/1A, Hungerford Street, Kolkata, West Bengal - 700017. The Company has been incorporated under the provisions of Indian Companies Act and its equity shares are listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in India. The Company is primarily involved in manufacturing and sale of various food products.

2 Basis of preparation

A. Statement of compliance

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015, as amended, notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, (the ‘Act’) and other relevant provisions of the Act.

The standalone financial statements were authorized for issue by the Company’s Board of Directors on 15 May 2018.

Details of the Company’s accounting policies are included in Note 3.

B. Functional and presentation currency

These standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (''), which is also the Company’s functional currency. All amounts have been rounded-off to two decimal places to the nearest crores, unless otherwise indicated.

C. Basis of measurement

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following items:

D. Use of estimates and judgments

In preparing these standalone financial statements, management has made judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized prospectively.

Judgments

Information about judgments made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognized in the standalone financial statements is included in the following notes:

- Note 36 - leases: whether an arrangement contains a lease and lease classification.

Assumptions and estimation uncertainties

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment in the year ending 31 March 2018 is included in the following notes:

- Note 45 - measurement of defined benefit obligations: key actuarial assumptions;

- Note 40 - recognition and measurement of provisions and contingencies: key assumptions about the likelihood and magnitude of an outflow of resources;

- Note 4 - useful life of property, plant and equipment;

- Notes 7 to 9 and Notes 12,13,15 and 16 - impairment of financial assets.

E. Measurement of fair values

Certain accounting policies and disclosures of the Company require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non financial assets and liabilities.

The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values.

The valuation team regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments.

Fair values are categorized into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

- Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

- Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

- Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into a different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

Further information about the assumptions made in the measuring fair values is included in the following notes:

- Note 5 - investment property

- Note 18 (d) - share-based payments

- Note 53 - financial instruments.

3. Significant accounting policies

(a) Property, plant and equipment

i. Recognition and measurement

Items of property, plant and equipment, are measured at cost (which includes capitalized borrowing costs, if any) less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Cost of an item of property, plant and equipment includes its purchase price, duties, taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost of bringing the item to its working condition for its intended use and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

The cost of a self-constructed item of property, plant and equipment comprises the cost of materials, direct labour and any other costs directly attributable to bringing the item to its intended working condition and estimated costs of dismantling, removing and restoring the site on which it is located, wherever applicable.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognized in profit or loss.

ii. Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company

iii. Depreciation

Depreciation is calculated on cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual value using straight line method over the useful lives of assets estimated by the Company based on an internal technical evaluation performed by the management and is recognized in the statement of profit and loss. Assets acquired under finance lease are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives unless it is reasonably certain that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term. Depreciation for assets purchased / sold during the period is proportionately charged.

Freehold land is not depreciated.

*The Company believes the useful lives as given above best represent the useful lives of these assets based on internal assessment where necessary, which is different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

iv. Reclassification to investment property

When the use of a property changes from owner-occupied to investment property, the property is reclassified as investment property at its carrying amount on the date of classification.

v. Capital work-in-progress

Capital work-in-progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment under installation / under development as at the balance sheet date.

(b) Investment property

Investment property is property held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes. Upon initial recognition, an investment property is measured at cost. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment property is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes a period of 60 years as representing the best estimate of the period over which investment properties (which are quite similar) are expected to be used. Accordingly, the Company depreciates investment properties over a period of 60 years on a straight-line basis.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an investment property is recognized in profit or loss.

The fair values of investment property is disclosed in the notes accompanying these financial statements. Fair values is determined by an independent valuer who holds a recognized and relevant professional qualification and has recent experience in the location and category of the investment property being valued.

(c) Intangible assets

Internally generated: Research and development

Expenditure on research activities is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

Development expenditure is capitalized as part of the cost of the resulting intangible asset only if the expenditure can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset. Otherwise, it is recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

Others

Other intangible assets including those acquired by the Company in a business combination are initially measured at cost. Such intangible assets are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

Amortisation

Amortisation is calculated to write off the cost of intangible assets less their estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives using the straight- line method, and is included in depreciation and amortisation in Statement of Profit and Loss.

The estimated useful lives are as follows:

Asset Useful life

Computer software 6 years

Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted if appropriate.

(d) Impairment

(i) Financial assets

The Company recognizes loss allowances using the expected credit loss (ECL) model for the financial assets which are not fair valued through profit or loss. Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL. The amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date to the amount that is required to be recognized is recognized as an impairment gain or loss in profit or loss.

(ii) Non -financial assets

Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment

Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the estimated recoverable amount of the asset. An impairment loss is reversed in the Statement of Profit and Loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortisation or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.

(e) Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

As a lessee

Leases of property, plant and equipment where the Company, as lessee, has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Finance leases are capitalized at the lease’s inception at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding rental obligations, net of finance charges, are included in borrowings or other financial liabilities as appropriate. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to the profit or loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.

Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred to the Company as lessee are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessor) are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the less or’s expected inflationary cost increases.

As a less or

Lease income from operating leases, where the Company is a less or, is recognized in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflation.

(f) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (including prime cost, non-refundable taxes and duties and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition) and estimated net realizable value, after providing for obsolescence, where appropriate. The comparison of cost and net realizable value is made on an item-by-item basis. The net realizable value of materials in process is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished goods. Raw materials, packing materials and other supplies held for use in production of inventories are not written down below cost except in cases where material prices have declined, and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products will exceed their net realizable value.

The provision for inventory obsolescence is assessed regularly based on estimated usage and shelf life of products.

Raw materials, packing materials and stores and spares are valued at cost computed on moving weighted average basis. The cost includes purchase price, inward freight and other incidental expenses net of refundable duties, levies and taxes, where applicable.

Work-in-progress is valued at input material cost plus conversion cost as applicable.

Stock-in-trade is valued at the lower of net realizable value and cost (including prime cost, non-refundable taxes and duties and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition), computed on a moving weighted average basis.

Finished goods are valued at lower of net realizable value and cost (including prime cost, non-refundable taxes and duties and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition), computed on a moving weighted average basis.

(g) Financial instruments

i. Recognition and initial measurement

The Company initially recognizes financial assets and financial liabilities when it becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on initial recognition. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities, that are not at fair value through profit or loss, are added to the fair value on initial recognition.

ii. Classification and subsequent measurement Financial Assets

Financial assets carried at amortized cost

A financial asset is subsequently measured at amortized cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

A financial asset is subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

A financial asset which is not classified in any of the above categories are subsequently fair valued through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the balance sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

Investment in subsidiaries, joint venture and associates

Investment in subsidiaries, joint venture and associates is carried at cost in the financial statements.

iii. Derecognition

Financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the right to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognized on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognized.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognizes a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognized at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and a new financial liability with modified terms is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iv. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

(h) Revenue recognition

Revenue from sale of goods and sale of scrap is recognized, when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to the buyer, recovery of the consideration is probable, the associated costs and possible return of goods can be estimated reliably, there is no continuing effective control over, or managerial involvement with, the goods, and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably. Revenue from the sale of goods and sale of scrap is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, exclusive of sales tax, Goods and Service Tax (GST) and net of sales return, trade discounts and volume rebates. Sales are presented gross of excise duties.

Income from royalties are recognized based on contractual agreements.

Dividend income is recognized when the Company’s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

For all financial instruments measured at amortized cost, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR), which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset. Interest income is included in other income in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Deferred revenue

The Company has a customer loyalty programme for selected customers. The Company grants credit points to those customers as part of a sales transaction which allows them to accumulate and redeem those credit points. Consideration received from these customers have been allocated between the goods sold and the credit points granted. The consideration allocated to the credit points have been deferred and will be recognized as revenue when the reward points are redeemed or lapsed.

(i) Business combination

Business combinations arising from transfers of interest in entities that are under the control of the shareholder that controls the Company are accounted for as if the acquisition had occurred at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented or, if later, at the date that common control was established; for this purpose comparatives are revised. The assets and liabilities acquired are recognized at their carrying amounts. The identity of the reserves is preserved and they appear in the financial statements of the Company in the same form in which they appeared in the financial statements of the acquired entity. The difference, if any, between the value of net assets and the consequent reduction in value of investment held by the Company is transferred to the capital reserve or to the accumulated balance of profit and loss.

(j) Foreign currencies

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at their functional currency spot rates at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Exchange differences that arise on settlement of monetary items or on reporting at each balance sheet date of the Company’s monetary items at the closing rates are recognized as income or expenses in the period in which they arise. Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates at the date of transaction. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined.

(k) Government grants

Government grants are recognized where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to revenue, it is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the periods to which they relate. When the grant relates to an asset, it is treated as deferred income and recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset.

(l) Income tax

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination or to an item recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

i. Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any related to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

ii. Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognized in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits. Deferred tax is not recognized for:

- temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of transaction.

- temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used.

Deferred tax assets recognized or unrecognized are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognized / reduced to the extent that it is probable / no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realized.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

The Company offsets, the current tax assets and liabilities (on a year on year basis) and deferred tax assets and liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right and where it intends to settle such assets and liabilities on a net basis.

(m) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of those property, plant and equipment which necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalized. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they incur in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(n) Provisions and contingent liabilities

i. General

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.

ii. Contingent liabilities

A disclosure for contingent liabilities is made where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may probably not require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible or a present obligation where the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

iii. Onerous contracts

Provision for onerous contracts. i.e. contracts where the expected unavoidable cost of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it, are recognized when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle a present obligation as a result of an obligating event based on a reliable estimate of such obligation.

(o) Employee benefits

i. Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as short-term employee benefits, which include benefits like salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences and performance incentives and are recognized as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

ii. Post-employment benefits

Contributions to defined contribution schemes such as Provident Fund, Pension Fund, etc., are recognized as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service. In respect of certain employees, Provident Fund contributions are made to a Trust administered by the Company. The interest rate payable to the members of the Trust shall not be lower than the statutory rate of interest declared by the Central Government under the Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 and shortfall, if any, shall be made good by the Company. To this extent, the Provident Fund scheme could be considered as a defined benefit plan. In respect of contributions made to government administered Provident Fund, the Company has no further obligations beyond its monthly contributions. The Company also provides for post-employment defined benefit in the form of gratuity and medical benefits. The cost of providing benefit is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuation being carried out at each balance sheet date. Remeasurement of the net benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interests) and the effect of the assets ceiling (if any, excluding interest) are recognized in other comprehensive income. The effect of any plan amendments are recognized in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The Britannia Industries Limited Covenanted Staff Pension Fund Trust (‘BILCSPF’) and Britannia Industries Limited Officers’ Pension Fund Trust (‘BILOPF’) were established by the Company to administer pension schemes for its employees. These trusts are managed by the Trustees. The Pension Scheme is applicable to all the managers and officers of the Company who have been employed up to the date of 15 September 2005 and any manager or officer employed after that date, if he has opted for the membership of the Scheme. The Company makes a contribution of 15% of basic salary in respect of the members, each month to the trusts. On retirement, subject to the vesting conditions as per the rules of the trust, the member becomes eligible for pension, which is paid from annuity purchased in the name of the member by the trusts.

iii. Other long-term employee benefits

All employee benefits (other than post-employment benefits and termination benefits) which do not fall due wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related services are determined based on actuarial valuation or discounted present value method carried out at each balance sheet date. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary as at 1 January every year using projected unit credit method on the additional amount expected to be paid / availed as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date. Expense on no accumulating compensated absences is recognized in the period in which the absences occur.

iv. Voluntary retirement scheme benefits

Voluntary retirement scheme benefits are recognized as an expense in the year they are incurred.

(p) Share-based payments

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model. That cost is recognized in employee benefits expense, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment (SBP) reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled. The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

(q) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, demand deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

(r) Earnings per share

Basic Earnings Per Share (‘EPS’) is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the year, unless issued at a later date. In computing diluted earnings per share, only potential equity shares that are dilutive and that either reduces earnings per share or increases loss per share are included. The number of shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented in case of share splits.

(s) Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using indirect method, whereby net profits before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments and items of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from regular revenue generating (operating activities), investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

(t) Recent accounting pronouncements

Standards issued but not effective on Balance Sheet date:

Ind AS 115, Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Ind AS 115, establishes a comprehensive framework for determining whether, how much and when revenue should be recognized. It replaces existing revenue recognition guidance, including Ind AS 18 Revenue, Ind AS 11 Construction Contracts and Guidance Note on Accounting for Real Estate Transactions. Ind AS 115 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 April 2018 and will be applied accordingly

The core principle of Ind AS 115 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Specifically, the standard introduces a 5-step approach to revenue recognition.

A. CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

(a) Some of the energy conservation measures undertaken during 2017-18 are:

(i) The program for deploying air pre heaters for energy recovery in ovens has been completed and is now being extended to third party manufacturing units as well.

(ii) The Company has started sourcing solar power from a third party supplier in Karnataka. It has also finalized sourcing arrangements for wind power in Tamil Nadu, which is expected to operationalise shortly.

The Company has a structured energy reduction program. As part of the program, factories with high energy consumption, benchmark themselves against the factory with the lowest consumption. A cross functional team then studies the best practices that can be replicated and implement them as per time bound plan.

(b) Additional investments and proposals, if any, being implemented for reducing energy consumption:

The Company invested about '' 3.8 Million in capital expenditure at its various units towards the energy reduction program in FY 2017-18.

(c) Impact of measures at (a) and (b) above:

(i) Overall specific heat energy consumption (energy consumed per ton of product), has reduced by about 8% and specific power consumption has reduced by about 4%.

(ii) The Company expects to save approximately Rs, 1.28 Crores in power sourcing costs in FY 2018-19.


Mar 31, 2017

(a) Property, plant and equipment

i. Recognition and measurement

Items of property, plant and equipment, are measured at cost (which includes capitalised borrowing costs, if any) less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Cost of an item of property, plant and equipment includes its purchase price, duties, taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost of bringing the item to its working condition for its intended use and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

The cost of a self-constructed item of property, plant and equipment comprises the cost of materials, direct labour and any other costs directly attributable to bringing the item to its intended working condition and estimated costs of dismantling, removing and restoring the site on which it is located, wherever applicable.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in profit or loss.

ii. Transition to Ind AS

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment recognised as on 1 April 2015, measured as per the previous GAAP, and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of such property, plant and equipment (refer note 55).

iii. Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company.

iv. Depreciation

Depreciation is calculated on cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual value using straight line method over the useful lives of assets estimated by the Company based on an internal technical evaluation performed by the management and is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Assets acquired under finance lease are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives unless it is reasonably certain that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term. Depreciation for assets purchased / sold during the period is proportionately charged.

The range of estimated useful lives of items of property, plant and equipment are as follows:

Freehold land is not depreciated.

* The Company believes the useful lives as given above best represent the useful life of these assets based on internal assessment where necessary, which is different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

v. Reclassification to investment property

When the use of a property changes from owner-occupied to investment property, the property is reclassified as investment property at its carrying amount on the date of classification.

vi. Capital work-in-progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment under installation / under development as at the balance sheet date.

(b) Investment property

Investment property is property held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes. Upon initial recognition, an investment property is measured at cost. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment property is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its investment property recognised as at 1 April 2015, measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of such investment property.

Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes a period of 60 years as representing the best estimate of the period over which investment properties (which are quite similar) are expected to be used. Accordingly, the Company depreciates investment properties over a period of 60 years on a straight-line basis.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an investment property is recognised in profit or loss.

The fair values of investment property is disclosed in the notes acCompanying these financial statements. Fair values is determined by an independent valuer who holds a recognised and relevant professional qualification and has recent experience in the location and category of the investment property being valued.

(c) Intangible assets

Internally generated : Research and development

Expenditure on research activities is recognised in the statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

Development expenditure is capitalised as part of the cost of the resulting intangible asset only if the expenditure can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset. Otherwise, it is recognised in profit or loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

Others

Other intangible assets including those acquired by the Company in a business combination are initially measured at cost. Such intangible assets are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

Amortisation

Amortisation is calculated to write off the cost of intangible assets less their estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives using the straight- line method, and is included in depreciation and amortisation in Statement of Profit and Loss.

The estimated useful lives are as follows:

Asset useful life

Computer software 6 years

Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted if appropriate.

i. Transition to Ind AS

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its intangible assets recognised as at 1 April 2015, measured as per the previous GAAP, and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of such intangible assets (Refer note 55)

(d) Impairment

(i) Financial assets

The Company recognises loss allowances using the expected credit loss (ECL) model for the financial assets which are not fair valued through profit or loss. Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL. The amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date to the amount that is required to be recognised is recognised as an impairment gain or loss in profit or loss.

(ii) Non -financial assets

Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment

(a) Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the estimated recoverable amount of the asset. An impairment loss is reversed in the statement of profit and loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortisation or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.

(e) Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement. For arrangements entered into prior to 1 April 2015, the date of inception is deemed to be 1 April 2015 in accordance with Ind-AS 101 First-time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standard.

For arrangements entered into prior to 1 April 2015, the Company has determined whether the arrangement contains lease on the basis of facts and circumstances existing on the date of transition.

As a lessee

Leases of property, plant and equipment where the Company, as lessee, has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Finance leases are capitalised at the lease’s inception at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding rental obligations, net of finance charges, are included in borrowings or other financial liabilities as appropriate. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to the profit or loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period. Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred to the Company as lessee are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessor) are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increases.

As a lessor

Lease income from operating leases where the Company is a lessor is recognised in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflation.

(f) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (including prime cost, excise duty and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition) and estimated net realisable value, after providing for obsolescence, where appropriate. The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis. The net realisable value of materials in process is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished goods. Raw materials, packing materials and other supplies held for use in production of inventories are not written down below cost except in cases where material prices have declined, and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products will exceed their net realisable value.

The provision for inventory obsolescence is assessed regularly based on estimated usage and shelf life of products.

Raw materials, packing materials and stores and spares are valued at cost computed on moving weighted average basis. The cost includes purchase price, inward freight and other incidental expenses net of refundable duties, levies and taxes, where applicable.

Work-in-progress is valued at input material cost plus conversion cost as applicable.

Stock-in-trade is valued at the lower of net realisable value and cost (including prime cost and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition), computed on a moving weighted average basis.

Finished goods are valued at lower of net realisable value and cost (including prime cost, excise duty and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition).

(g) Financial instruments

i. Recognition and initial measurement

The Company initially recognises financial assets and financial liabilities when it becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on initial recognition. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities, that are not at fair value through profit or loss, are added to the fair value on initial recognition. Regular way purchase and sale of financial assets are accounted for at trade date.

ii. Classification and subsequent measurement Financial Assets

Financial assets carried at amortised cost

A financial asset is subsequently measured at amortised cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

A financial asset is subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

A financial asset which is not classified in any of the above categories are subsequently fair valued through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the balance sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

Investment in subsidiaries, joint venture and associates

Investment in subsidiaries, joint venture and associates is carried at cost in the financial statements.

iii. Derecognition Financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the right to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and a new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

iv. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

(h) Revenue recognition

Revenue from sale of goods and sale of scrap is recognised, when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to the buyer, recovery of the consideration is probable, the associated costs and possible return of goods can be estimated reliably, there is no continuing effective control over, or managerial involvement with, the goods, and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably. Revenue from the sale of goods and sale of scrap is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, exclusive of sales tax and net of sales return, trade discounts and volume rebates. Sales are presented gross of excise duties.

Income from royalties recognised based on contractual agreements.

Dividend income is recognised when the Company’s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

For all financial instruments measured at amortised cost, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR), which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset. Interest income is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss.

Deferred revenue

The Company has a customer loyalty programme for selected customers. The Company grants credit points to those customers as part of a sales transaction which allows them to accumulate and redeem those credit points. Consideration received from these customers have been allocated between the goods sold and the credit points granted. The consideration allocated to the credit points have been deferred and will be recognised as revenue when the reward points are redeemed or lapsed.

(i) Business combination

Business combinations arising from transfers of interest in entities that are under the control of the shareholder that controls the Company are accounted for as if the acquisition had occurred at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented or, if later, at the date that common control was established; for this purpose comparatives are revised. The assets and liabilities acquired are recognised at their carrying amounts. The identity of the reserves is preserved and they appear in the financial statements of the Company in the same form in which they appeared in the financial statements of the acquired entity. The difference, if any, between the value of net assets and the consequent reduction in value of investment held by the Company is transferred to the capital reserve or to the accumulated balance of profit and loss.

(j) Foreign currencies

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at their functional currency spot rates at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Exchange differences that arise on settlement of monetary items or on reporting at each balance sheet date of the Company’s monetary items at the closing rates are recognised as income or expenses in the period in which they arise. Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates at the date of transaction. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined.

(k) Government grants

Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to revenue, it is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a systematic basis over the periods to which they relate. When the grant relates to an asset, it is treated as deferred income and recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset.

(l) Income tax

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognised in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination or to an item recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

i. Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any related to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

ii. Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognised in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits. Deferred tax is not recognised for:

- temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of transaction.

- temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used.

Deferred tax assets recognised or unrecognised are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognised / reduced to the extent that it is probable / no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realised.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

The Company offsets, the current tax assets and liabilities (on a year on year basis) and deferred tax assets and liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right and where it intends to settle such assets and liabilities on a net basis.

(m) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of those property, plant and equipment which necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they incur in the statement of profit and loss.

(n) Provisions and contingent liabilities

i. General

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

ii. Contingent liabilities

A disclosure for contingent liabilities is made where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may probably not require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible or a present obligation where the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

iii. Onerous contracts

Provision for onerous contracts. i.e. contracts where the expected unavoidable cost of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it, are recognised when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle a present obligation as a result of an obligating event based on a reliable estimate of such obligation.

(o) employee benefits

i. Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as short-term employee benefits, which include benefits like salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences and performance incentives and are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

ii. Post-employment benefits

Contributions to defined contribution schemes such as Provident Fund, Pension Fund, etc., are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service. In respect of certain employees, Provident Fund contributions are made to a Trust administered by the Company. The interest rate payable to the members of the Trust shall not be lower than the statutory rate of interest declared by the Central Government under the Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 and shortfall, if any, shall be made good by the Company. In respect of contributions made to government administered Provident Fund, the Company has no further obligations beyond its monthly contributions. The Company also provides for postemployment defined benefit in the form of gratuity and medical benefits. The cost of providing benefit is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuation being carried out at each balance sheet date. Remeasurement of the net benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interests) and the effect of the assets ceiling (if any, excluding interest) are recognised in other comprehensive income. The effect of any plan amendments are recognised in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The Britannia Industries Limited Covenanted Staff Pension Fund Trust (‘BILCSPF’) and Britannia Industries Limited Officers’ Pension Fund Trust (‘BILOPF’) were established by the Company to administer pension schemes for its employees. These trusts are managed by the Trustees. The Pension Scheme is applicable to all the managers and officers of the Company who have been employed up to the date of 15 September 2005 and any manager or officer employed after that date, if he has opted for the membership of the Scheme. The Company makes a contribution of 15% of basic salary in respect of the members, each month to the trusts. On retirement, subject to the vesting conditions as per the rules of the trust, the member becomes eligible for pension, which is paid from annuity purchased in the name of the member by the trusts.

iii. Other long-term employee benefits

All employee benefits (other than post-employment benefits and termination benefits) which do not fall due wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related services are determined based on actuarial valuation or discounted present value method carried out at each balance sheet date. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary as at 1 January every year using projected unit credit method on the additional amount expected to be paid / availed as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date. Expense on non accumulating compensated absences is recognised in the period in which the absences occur.

iv. Voluntary retirement scheme benefits

Voluntary retirement scheme benefits are recognised as an expense in the year they are incurred.

(p) Share-based payments

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model. That cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment (SBP) reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

(q) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, demand deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

(r) earnings per share

Basic Earnings Per Share (‘EPS’) is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the year, unless issued at a later date. In computing diluted earnings per share, only potential equity shares that are dilutive and that either reduces earnings per share or increases loss per share are included. The number of shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for the share splits.

(s) Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using indirect method, whereby net profits before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments and items of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from regular revenue generating (operating activities), investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

(t) Recent accounting pronouncements

Standards issued but not yet effective:

In March 2017, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendments) Rules, 2017, notifying amendments to Ind AS 7, ‘Statement of cash flows’ and Ind AS 102, ‘Share-based payment.’ These amendments are in accordance with the recent amendments made by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to IAS 7, ‘Statement of cash flows’ and IFRS 2, ‘Share-based payment,’ respectively. The amendments are applicable to the Company from 1 April 2017.

Amendment to Ind AS 7:

The amendment to Ind AS 7 requires the entities to provide disclosures that enable users of financial statements to evaluate changes in liabilities arising from financing activities, including both changes arising from cash flows and non-cash changes, suggesting inclusion of a reconciliation between the opening and closing balances in the balance sheet for liabilities arising from financing activities, to meet the disclosure requirement.

The Company is evaluating the requirements of the amendment and the effect on the financial statements is being evaluated.

Amendment to Ind AS 102:

The amendment to Ind AS 102 provides specific guidance to measurement of cash-settled awards, modification of cash-settled awards and awards that include a net settlement feature in respect of withholding taxes.

It clarifies that the fair value of cash-settled awards is determined on a basis consistent with that used for equity-settled awards. Market-based performance conditions and non-vesting conditions are reflected in the ‘fair values’, but non-market performance conditions and service vesting conditions are reflected in the estimate of the number of awards expected to vest. Also, the amendment clarifies that if the terms and conditions of a cash-settled share-based payment transaction are modified with the result that it becomes an equity-settled share-based payment transaction, the transaction is accounted for as such from the date of the modification. Further, the amendment requires the award that include a net settlement feature in respect of withholding taxes to be treated as equity-settled in its entirety. The cash payment to the tax authority is treated as if it was part of an equity settlement.

The Company does not provide any cash-settled awards due to which the applicability of amendment to Ind AS 102 does not arise and accordingly does not have any impact on the financial statements.


Mar 31, 2015

(a) Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention, on the accrual basis of accounting to comply in all material aspects with the applicable accounting principles in India, the mandatory Accounting Standards ('AS') as prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ('the Act'), read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, the relevant provisions of the Act, the guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India ('SEBI') and the Companies Act, 1956 to the extent relevant.

(b) use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in India, requires that the Management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in current and future periods.

(c) Fixed assets Tangible assets

Tangible assets are stated at their cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation. Cost includes inward freight, duties, taxes and expenses incidental to acquisition and installation or construction, net of CENVAT and VAT credit, where applicable.

The cost of the fixed assets not ready for their intended use before such date, are disclosed as capital work-in- progress.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortisation.

(d) Depreciation and amortisation

Depreciation in respect of all the assets is provided on straight line method over the useful lives of assets estimated by the Company. Depreciation for assets purchased / sold during the period is proportionately charged. Intangible assets are amortised over their respective individual estimated useful lives on a straight line basis, commencing from the date the asset is available to the Company for its use. The Company estimates the useful life of fixed assets as follows:

Assets classification useful life

Plant and equipment * 7.5 - 15 years

Furniture and fixtures 10 years

Motor vehicles 8 years

Computer software 6 years

Office equipment 3-5 years

Buildings 60 years

Leasehold land Lease period

Moulders, cutters and 1 year spare parts *

* The Company believes the useful lives as given above best represent the useful life of these assets based on internal assessment where necessary, which is different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.

(e) Impairment of assets

The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset, including intangible, may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. If such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. If at the balance sheet date there is an indication that if a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount subject to a maximum of depreciable historical cost. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the carrying amount of asset does not exceed the net book value that would have been determined, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

(f) Leases

Assets acquired under lease where the Company has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance lease. Such leases are capitalised at the inception of lease at lower of the fair value and present value of minimum lease payments. Assets taken on finance lease are depreciated over their estimated useful life or the lease term whichever is lower.

Assets acquired under lease where the significant portion of risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating lease. Lease rentals are charged to the statement of profit and loss on accrual basis.

(g) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (including prime cost, excise duty and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition) and estimated net realisable value, after providing for obsolescence, where appropriate. The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis. The net realisable value of materials in process is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished goods. Raw materials, packing materials and other supplies held for use in production of inventories are not written down below cost except in cases where material prices have declined, and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products will exceed their net realisable value.

The provision for inventory obsolescence is assessed regularly based on estimated usage and shelf life of products.

Raw materials, packing materials and stores and spares are valued at cost computed on moving weighted average basis. The cost includes purchase price, inward freight and other incidental expenses net of CENVAT and VAT credit, where applicable.

Work-in-progress is valued at input material cost plus conversion cost as applicable.

Stock-in-trade is valued at the lower of net realisable value and cost (including prime cost and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition), computed on a moving weighted average basis.

Finished goods are valued at lower of net realisable value and prime cost, excise duty and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

(h) Trade receivables and loans and advances

Trade receivables and loans and advances are stated after making adequate provision for doubtful receivables and loans and advances.

(i) Investments

Long-term investments are stated at cost. A provision for diminution is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long-term investments.

Current investments are stated at lower of cost and fair value for each investment individually.

(j) Revenue recognition

Revenue from sale of goods and sale of scrap is recognised on transfer of all significant risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer. The amount recognised as sale is exclusive of sales tax and net of trade discounts and sales returns. Sales are presented both gross and net of excise duty.

Income from royalty is accounted based on contractual agreements.

Dividend income is accounted for in the year in which the right to receive the same is established.

Interest on investments and deposits is booked on a time-proportion basis taking into account the amounts invested and the rate of interest.

(k) Foreign currency transactions

Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the respective dates of the relevant transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are restated at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date. The gains or losses resulting from such transactions are adjusted to the statement of profit and loss. Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currency and measured at fair value / net realisable value are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date when the fair value / net realisable value was determined. Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currency and measured at historical cost are translated at the exchange rate prevalent on the date of transaction.

The Company uses foreign exchange forward contracts to cover its exposure towards movements in foreign exchange rates. The use of foreign exchange forward contracts reduces the risk of fluctuations in exchange rate movements for the Company. The Company does not use the foreign exchange forward contract for trading or speculative purposes.

Premium or discount arising at the inception of the forward contracts against the underlying assets is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on forward contracts are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the reporting period in which the exchange rates change.

(l) Derivative contracts

Based on the principle of prudence as provided in Accounting Standard 1 - "Disclosure of Accounting Policies", the Company assesses losses, if any, by marking to market all its outstanding derivative contracts [other than those accounted under Accounting Standard 11 - "Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates" (Refer point (k) above)] at the balance sheet date and provides for such losses. The net gain, if any, based on the said evaluation is not accounted for in line with the ICAI notification issued in March 2008 in relation to such transactions.

(m) Taxes on income

Income-tax expense comprises current tax (i.e. amount of tax for the year determined in accordance with the Income-tax laws) and deferred tax charge or credit (reflecting the tax effects of timing differences between accounting income and taxable income for the year). Deferred tax in respect of timing differences which originate during the tax holiday period but reverse after the tax holiday period is recognised in the year in which the timing differences originate. For this purpose the timing differences, which originate first are considered to reverse first. The deferred tax charge or credit and the corresponding deferred tax liabilities or assets are recognised using the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent where there is reasonable certainty that the assets can be realised in future; however, where there is unabsorbed depreciation or carried forward business loss under taxation laws, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is a virtual certainty of realisation of such assets.

Deferred tax assets / liabilities are reviewed at each balance sheet date and written-down or written-up to reflect the amount that is reasonably / virtually certain (as the case may be) to be realised.

The Company offsets, the current tax assets and liabilities (on a year on year basis) and deferred tax assets and liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right and where it intends to settle such assets and liabilities on a net basis.

Minimum Alternative Tax ('MAT') credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income-tax during the specified period. In the year in which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognised as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in the guidance note issued by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India ('ICAI'), the said asset is created by way of a credit to the statement of profit and loss. The Company reviews the same at each balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT credit entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that Company will pay normal income-tax during the specified period.

(n) Employee benefits

(i) Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as short-term employee benefits, which include benefits like salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences and performance incentives and are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

(ii) Post-employment benefits

Contributions to defined contribution schemes such as Provident Fund, Pension Fund, etc., are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service. In respect of certain employees, Provident Fund contributions are made to a Trust administered by the Company The interest rate payable to the members of the Trust shall not be lower than the statutory rate of interest declared by the Central Government under the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 and shortfall, if any, shall be made good by the Company. In respect of contributions made to government administered Provident Fund, the Company has no further obligations beyond its monthly contributions. The Company also provides for post-employment defined benefit in the form of gratuity and medical benefits. The cost of providing benefit is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuation being carried out at each balance sheet date.

The Britannia Industries Limited Covenanted Staff Pension Fund Trust ('BILCSPF') and Britannia Industries Limited Officers' Pension Fund Trust ('BILOPF') were established by the Company to administer pension schemes for its employees. These trusts are managed by the Trustees. The Pension Scheme is applicable to all the managers and officers of the Company who have been employed up to the date of 15 September 2005 and any manager or officer employed after that date, if he has opted for the membership of the Scheme. The Company makes a contribution of 15% of basic salary in respect of the members, each month to the trusts. On retirement, subject to the vesting conditions as per the rules of the trust, the member becomes eligible for pension, which is paid from annuity purchased in the name of the member by the trusts.

(iii) Other long-term employee benefits

All employee benefits (other than post-employment benefits and termination benefits) which do not fall due wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related services are determined based on actuarial valuation carried out at each balance sheet date. Provision for compensated absences is based on actuarial valuation carried out as at 1 January every year.

(iv) Voluntary retirement scheme benefits

Voluntary retirement scheme benefits are recognised as an expense in the year they are incurred.

(o) Employee share based payments

The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock options using the intrinsic value method. Compensation expense, if any, is amortised over the vesting period of the option on a straight line basis.

(p) Provisions and contingent liabilities

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events, for which it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are reviewed regularly and are adjusted where necessary to reflect the current best estimate of the obligation. When the Company expects a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset only when reimbursement is virtually certain.

A disclosure for contingent liabilities is made where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may probably not require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible or a present obligation where the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

Provision for onerous contracts, i.e. contracts where the expected unavoidable cost of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it, are recognised when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle a present obligation as a result of an obligating event based on a reliable estimate of such obligation.

(q) Earnings per share

Basic Earnings Per Share ('EPS') is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the year, unless issued at a later date. In computing diluted earnings per share, only potential equity shares that are dilutive and that either reduces earnings per share or increases loss per share are included. The number of shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for the share splits.

(r) Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using indirect method, whereby net profits before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from regular revenue generating (operating activities), investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

(s) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition or construction of those fixed assets which necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised. Other borrowing costs are accounted as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.

(t) Capital subsidy

Capital subsidy related to depreciable fixed assets is treated as deferred income and recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset.

(u) Government grants related to revenue

Government grants related to revenue are recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a systematic basis over the periods to which they relate.

(v) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, demand deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.


Mar 31, 2014

(a) Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention, on the accrual basis of accounting to comply in all material aspects with the applicable accounting principles in India, the mandatory Accounting Standards (''AS'') prescribed by the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006, the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 (''the Act''), the guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (''SEBI'') and the Companies Act, 2013 to the extent relevant.

(b) Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in India, requires that the Management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in current and future periods.

(c) Fixed assets

Tangible assets

Tangible assets are stated at their cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation. Cost includes inward freight, duties, taxes and expenses incidental to acquisition and installation or construction, net of CENVAT and VAT credit, where applicable.

The cost of the fixed assets not ready for their intended use before such date, are disclosed as capital work-in- progress.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortisation.

(d) Depreciation and amortisation

Depreciation in respect of all the assets is provided on straight line method. The rates of depreciation prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Act are considered as minimum rates. If the Management''s estimate of the useful life of a fixed asset at the time of the acquisition of the asset or of the remaining useful life on a subsequent review is shorter than envisaged in the aforesaid schedule, depreciation is provided at a higher rate based on the

Management''s estimate of the useful life / remaining useful life.

Vehicles acquired on finance lease are depreciated over a period of five years.

Computers (part of office equipments) are depreciated over a period of four years.

Computer software is fully depreciated over a period of six years, based on the review of useful life of such assets.

Assets costing individually up to Rs. 5,000/- are fully depreciated in the year of addition.

Leasehold land is amortised over the period of primary lease.

(e) Impairment of assets

The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset, including intangible, may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. If such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. If at the balance sheet date there is an indication that if a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is refilected at the recoverable amount subject to a maximum of depreciable historical cost. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the carrying amount of asset does not exceed the net book value that would have been determined, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

(f) Leases

Assets acquired under lease where the Company has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance lease. Such leases are capitalised at the inception of lease at lower of the fair value and present value of minimum lease payments. Assets taken on finance lease are depreciated over their estimated useful life or the lease term whichever is lower.

Assets acquired under lease where the significant portion of risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating lease. Lease rentals are charged to the statement of profit and loss on accrual basis.

(g) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (including prime cost, excise duty and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition) and estimated net realisable value, after providing for obsolescence, where appropriate. The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis. The net realisable value of materials in process is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished goods. Raw materials, packing materials and other supplies held for use in production of inventories are not written down below cost except in cases where material prices have declined, and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products will exceed their net realisable value.

The provision for inventory obsolescence is assessed regularly based on estimated usage and shelf life of products.

Raw materials, packing materials and stores and spares are valued at cost computed on moving weighted average basis. The cost includes purchase price, inward freight and other incidental expenses net of CENVAT and VAT credit, where applicable.

Work-in-progress is valued at input material cost plus conversion cost as applicable.

Finished goods are valued at lower of net realisable value and prime cost, excise duty and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

(h) Trade receivables and loans and advances

Trade receivables and loans and advances are stated after making adequate provision for doubtful receivables and loans and advances.

(i) Investments

Long-term investments are stated at cost. A provision for diminution is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long-term investments.

Current investments are stated at lower of cost and fair value for each investment individually.

(j) Revenue recognition

Revenue from sale of goods and sale of scrap is recognised on transfer of all significant risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer. The amount recognised as sale is exclusive of sales tax and net of trade discounts and sales returns. Sales are presented both gross and net of excise duty.

Income from royalty is accounted based on contractual agreements.

Dividend income is accounted for in the year in which the right to receive the same is established.

Interest on investments and deposits is booked on a time-proportion basis taking into account the amounts invested and the rate of interest.

(k) Foreign currency transactions

Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the respective dates of the relevant transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are restated at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date. The gains or losses resulting from such transactions are adjusted to the statement of profit and loss. Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currency and measured at fair value / net realisable value are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date when the fair value / net realisable value was determined. Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currency and measured at historical cost are translated at the exchange rate prevalent on the date of transaction.

The Company uses foreign exchange forward contracts to cover its exposure towards movements in foreign exchange rates. The use of foreign exchange forward contracts reduces the risk of fluctuations in exchange rate movements for the Company. The Company does not use the foreign exchange forward contract for trading or speculative purposes.

Premium or discount arising at the inception of the forward contracts against the underlying assets is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on forward contracts are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the reporting period in which the exchange rates change. (l) Derivative contracts

Based on the principle of prudence as provided in Accounting Standard 1- "Disclosure of Accounting Policies", the Company assesses losses, if any, by marking to market all its outstanding derivative contracts [other than those accounted under Accounting Standard 11 "Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates" (Refer point (k) above)] at the balance sheet date and provides for such losses. The net gain, if any, based on the said evaluation is not accounted for in line with the ICAI notification issued in March 2008 in relation to such transactions.

(m) Taxes on income

Income-tax expense comprises current tax (i.e. amount of tax for the year determined in accordance with the Income-tax laws) and deferred tax charge or credit (refilecting the tax effects of timing differences between accounting income and taxable income for the year). Deferred tax in respect of timing differences which originate during the tax holiday period but reverse after the tax holiday period is recognised in the year in which the timing differences originate. For this purpose the timing differences, which originate first are considered to reverse first. The deferred tax charge or credit and the corresponding deferred tax liabilities or assets are recognised using the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent where there is reasonable certainty that the assets can be realised in future; however, where there is unabsorbed depreciation or carried forward business loss under taxation laws, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is a virtual certainty of realisation of such assets.

Deferred tax assets / liabilities are reviewed as at each balance sheet date and written-down or written-up to refilect the amount that is reasonably / virtually certain (as the case may be) to be realised.

The Company offsets, the current tax assets and liabilities (on a year on year basis) and deferred tax assets and liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right and where it intends to settle such assets and liabilities on a net basis.

Minimum Alternative Tax (''MAT'') credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income-tax during the specified period. In the year in which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognised as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in the guidance note issued by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (''ICAI''), the said asset is created by way of a credit to the statement of profit and loss. The Company reviews the same at each balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT credit entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that Company will pay normal income-tax during the specified period.

(n) Employee benefits

(i) Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as short-term employee benefits, which include benefits like salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences and performance incentives and are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

(ii) Post-employment benefits

Contributions to defined contribution schemes such as Provident Fund, Pension Fund etc., are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service. In respect of certain employees, Provident Fund contributions are made to a Trust administered by the Company. The interest rate payable to the members of the Trust shall not be lower than the statutory rate of interest declared by the Central Government under the Employees'' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 and shortfall, if any, shall be made good by the Company. In respect of contributions made to government administered Provident Fund, the Company has no further obligations beyond its monthly contributions. The Company also provides for post-employment defined benefit in the form of gratuity and medical benefits. The cost of providing benefit is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuation being carried out at each balance sheet date.

The Britannia Industries Limited Covenanted Staff Pension Fund Trust (''BILCSPF'') and Britannia Industries Limited Officers'' Pension Fund Trust (''BILOPF'') were established by the Company to administer pension schemes for its employees. These trusts are managed by the Trustees. The Pension Scheme is applicable to all the managers and officers of the Company who have been employed up to the date of 15 September 2005 and any manager or officer employed after that date, if he has opted for the membership of the Scheme. The Company makes a contribution of 15% of basic salary in respect of the members, each month to the trusts. On retirement, subject to the vesting conditions as per the rules of the trust, the member becomes eligible for pension, which is paid from annuity purchased in the name of the member by the trusts.

(iii) Other long-term employee benefits

All employee benefits (other than post-employment benefits and termination benefits) which do not fall due wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related services are determined based on actuarial valuation carried out at each balance sheet date. Provision for compensated absences is based on actuarial valuation carried out as at 1st January every year.

(iv) Voluntary retirement scheme benefits

Voluntary retirement scheme benefits are recognised as an expense in the year they are incurred.

(o) Employee share based payments

The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock options using the intrinsic value method. Compensation expense, if any, is amortised over the vesting period of the option on a straight line basis.

(p) Provisions and contingent liabilities

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events, for which it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are reviewed regularly and are adjusted where necessary to refilect the current best estimate of the obligation. When the Company expects a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset only when reimbursement is virtually certain.

A disclosure for contingent liabilities is made where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may probably not require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible or a present obligation where the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

Provision for onerous contracts, i.e. contracts where the expected unavoidable cost of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it, are recognised when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle a present obligation as a result of an obligating event based on a reliable estimate of such obligation.

(q) Earnings per share

Basic Earnings Per Share (''EPS'') is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the year, unless issued at a later date. In computing diluted earnings per share, only potential equity shares that are dilutive and that either reduces earnings per share or increases loss per share are included. The number of shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for the share splits.

(r) Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using indirect method, whereby net profits before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from regular revenue generating (operating activities), investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

(s) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition or construction of those fixed assets which necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised. Other borrowing costs are accounted as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.

(t) Capital subsidy

Capital subsidy related to depreciable fixed assets is treated as deferred income and recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset.

(u) Government grants related to revenue

Government grants related to revenue are recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a systematic basis over the periods to which they relate.

(v) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash in hand, demand deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.


Mar 31, 2013

(a) Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention, on the accrual basis of accounting to comply in all material aspects with the applicable accounting principles in India, the mandatory Accounting Standards (''AS'') prescribed by the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006, the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 (''the Act'') and the guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (''SEBI'').

(b) Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in India, requires that the Management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in current and future periods.

(c) Fixed assets Tangible assets

Tangible assets are stated at their cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation. Cost includes inward freight, duties, taxes and expenses incidental to acquisition and installation or construction, net of CENVAT and VAT credit, where applicable.

The cost of the fixed assets not ready for their intended use before such date, are disclosed as capital work-in- progress.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortisation.

(d) Depreciation and amortisation

Depreciation in respect of all the assets is provided on straight line method. The rates of depreciation prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Act are considered as minimum rates. If the Management''s estimate of the useful life of a fixed asset at the time of the acquisition of the asset or of the remaining useful life on a subsequent review is shorter than envisaged in the aforesaid schedule, depreciation is provided at a higher rate based on the Management''s estimate of the useful life / remaining useful life.

Vehicles acquired on finance lease are depreciated over a period of 5 years.

With effect from 1 April 2010, the Management has revised the estimated useful life for computers (part of office equipments) to four years (from six years used earlier), based on a review of useful life of such assets.

Computer softwares are fully depreciated over a period of six years, based on the review of useful life of such assets.

Assets costing individually upto Rs. 5,000/- are fully depreciated in the year of addition.

Leasehold land is amortised over the period of primary lease.

(e) Impairment of assets

The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset, including intangible, may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. If such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. If at the balance sheet date there is an indication that if a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount subject to a maximum of depreciable historical cost. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the carrying amount of asset does not exceed the net book value that would have been determined, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

(f) Leases

Assets acquired under lease where the Company has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance lease. Such leases are capitalised at the inception of lease at lower of the fair value and present value of minimum lease payments. Assets taken on finance lease are depreciated over their estimated useful life or the lease term whichever is lower.

Assets acquired under lease where the significant portion of risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating lease. Lease rentals are charged to the statement of profit and loss on accrual basis.

(g) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (including prime cost, excise duty and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition) and estimated net realisable value, after providing for obsolescence, where appropriate. The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis. The net realisable value of materials in process is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished goods. Raw materials, packing materials and other supplies held for use in production of inventories are not written-down below cost except in cases where material prices have declined, and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products will exceed their net realisable value.

The provision for inventory obsolescence is assessed regularly based on estimated usage and shelf life of products.

Raw materials, packing materials and stores and spares are valued at cost computed on monthly moving weighted average basis. The cost includes purchase price, inward freight and other incidental expenses net of CENVAT and VAT credit, where applicable.

Work-in-progress is valued at input material cost plus conversion cost as applicable.

Finished goods are valued at lower of net realisable value and prime cost, excise duty and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

(h) Trade receivables and loans and advances

Trade receivables and loans and advances are stated after making adequate provision for doubtful receivables and loans and advances.

(i) Investments

Long-term investments are stated at cost. A provision for diminution is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long-term investments.

Current investments are stated at lower of cost and fair value for each investment individually.

(j) Revenue recognition

Revenue from sale of goods and sale of scrap is recognised on transfer of all significant risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer. The amount recognised as sale is exclusive of sales tax and net of trade discounts and sales returns. Sales are presented both gross and net of excise duty.

Income from royalty is accounted based on contractual agreements.

Dividend income is accounted for in the year in which the right to receive the same is established.

Interest on investments is booked on a time-proportion basis taking into account the amounts invested and the rate of interest.

(k) Foreign currency transactions

Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the respective dates of the relevant transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are restated at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date. The gains or losses resulting from such transactions are adjusted to the statement of profit and loss. Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currency and measured at fair value / net realisable value are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date when the fair value / net realisable value was determined. Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currency and measured at historical cost are translated at the exchange rate prevalent on the date of transaction.

The Company uses foreign exchange forward contracts to cover its exposure towards movements in foreign exchange rates. The use of foreign exchange forward contracts reduces the risk of fluctuations in exchange movements for the Company. The Company does not use the foreign exchange forward contract for trading or speculative purposes.

Premium or discount arising at the inception of the forward contracts against the underlying assets is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on forward contracts are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the reporting period in which the exchange rates change.

(l) Derivative contracts

Based on the principle of prudence as provided in Accounting Standard 1 - "Disclosure of Accounting Policies", the Company assesses losses, if any, by marking to market all its outstanding derivative contracts [other than those accounted under Accounting Standard 11 - "The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates" (Refer point (k) above)] at the balance sheet date and provides for such losses. The net gain, if any, based on the said evaluation is not accounted for in line with the ICAI notification issued in March 2008 in relation to such transactions.

(m) Taxes on income

Income-tax expense comprises current tax (i.e. amount of tax for the year determined in accordance with the Income-tax laws) and deferred tax charge or credit (reflecting the tax effects of timing differences between accounting income and taxable income for the year). Deferred tax in respect of timing differences which originate during the tax holiday period but reverse after the tax holiday period is recognised in the year in which the timing differences originate. For this purpose the timing differences, which originate first are considered to reverse first. The deferred tax charge or credit and the corresponding deferred tax liabilities or assets are recognised using the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent where there is reasonable certainty that the assets can be realised in future; however, where there is unabsorbed depreciation or carried forward business loss under taxation laws, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is a virtual certainty of realisation of such assets.

Deferred tax assets / liabilities are reviewed as at each balance sheet date and written-down or written-up to reflect the amount that is reasonably / virtually certain (as the case may be) to be realised.

The Company offsets, the current tax assets and liabilities (on a year on year basis) and deferred tax assets and liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right and where it intends to settle such assets and liabilities on a net basis.

Minimum Alternative Tax (''MAT'') credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income-tax during the specified period. In the year in which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognised as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in the guidance note issued by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (''ICAI''), the said asset is created by way of a credit to the statement of profit and loss. The Company reviews the same at each balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT credit entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that Company will pay normal income-tax during the specified period.

(n) Employee benefits

(i) Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as short-term employee benefits, which include benefits like salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences and performance incentives and are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

(ii) Post-employment benefits

Contributions to defined contribution schemes such as Provident Fund, Pension Fund, etc., are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service. In respect of certain employees, Provident Fund contributions are made to a Trust administered by the Company. The interest rate payable to the members of the Trust shall not be lower than the statutory rate of interest declared by the Central Government under the Employees'' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 and shortfall, if any, shall be made good by the Company. In respect of contributions made to government administered Provident Fund, the Company has no further obligations beyond its monthly contributions. The Company also provides for post-employment defined benefit in the form of gratuity and medical benefits. The cost of providing benefit is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuation being carried out at each balance sheet date.

The Britannia Industries Limited Covenanted Staff Pension Fund Trust (''BILCSPF'') and Britannia Industries Limited Officers'' Pension Fund Trust (''BILOPF'') were established by the Company to administer pension schemes for its employees. These trusts are managed by the Trustees. The Pension Scheme is applicable to all the managers and officers of the Company who have been employed up to the date of 15 September 2005 and any manager or officer employed after that date, if he has opted for the membership of the Scheme. The Company makes a contribution of 15% of salary in respect of the members, each month to the trusts.

On retirement, subject to the vesting conditions as per the rules of the trust, the member becomes eligible for pension, which is paid from annuity purchased in the name of the member by the trusts.

(iii) Other long-term employee benefits

All employee benefits (other than post-employment benefits and termination benefits) which do not fall due wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related services are determined based on actuarial valuation carried out at each balance sheet date. Provision for long-term compensated absences is based on actuarial valuation carried out as at 1st January every year.

(iv) Voluntary retirement scheme benefits

Voluntary retirement scheme benefits are recognised as an expense in the year they are incurred.

(o) Employee share based payments

The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock options using the intrinsic value method. Compensation expense, if any, is amortised over the vesting period of the option on a straight line basis.

(p) Provisions and contingent liabilities

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events, for which it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are reviewed regularly and are adjusted where necessary to reflect the current best estimate of the obligation. When the Company expects a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset only when reimbursement is virtually certain.

A disclosure for contingent liabilities is made where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may probably not require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible or a present obligation where the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

Provision for onerous contracts, i.e. contracts where the expected unavoidable cost of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it, are recognised when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle a present obligation as a result of an obligating event based on a reliable estimate of such obligation.

(q) Earnings per share

Basic Earnings Per Share (''EPS'') is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the year, unless issued at a later date. In computing diluted earnings per share, only potential equity shares that are dilutive and that either reduces earnings per share or increases loss per share are included. The number of shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for the share splits.

(r) Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using indirect method, whereby net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from regular revenue generating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated. (s) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition or construction of those fixed assets which necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised. Other borrowing costs are accounted as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.

(t) Capital subsidy

Capital subsidy related to depreciable fixed assets is treated as deferred income and recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset.

(u) Government grants related to revenue

Government grants related to revenue are recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a systematic basis over the periods to which they relate.


Mar 31, 2012

(a) Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention, on the accrual basis of accounting to comply in all material aspects with the applicable accounting principles in India, the mandatory Accounting Standards ('AS') prescribed by the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006, the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 ('the Act') and the guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India ('SEBI').

(b) Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in India, requires that the Management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in current and future periods.

(c) Fixed assets

Tangible assets

Tangible assets are stated at their cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation. Cost includes inward freight, duties, taxes and expenses incidental to acquisition and installation or construction, net of CENVAT and VAT credit, where applicable.

The cost of the fixed assets not ready for their intended use before such date, are disclosed as capital work-in- progress.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortisation.

(d) Depreciation and amortisation

Depreciation in respect of all the assets is provided on straight line method. The rates of depreciation prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Act are considered as minimum rates. If the Management's estimate of the useful life of a fixed asset at the time of the acquisition of the asset or of the remaining useful life on a subsequent review is shorter than envisaged in the aforesaid schedule, depreciation is provided at a higher rate based on the Management's estimate of the useful life / remaining useful life.

Vehicles acquired on finance lease are depreciated over a period of 5 years.

With effect from 1 April 2010, the Management has revised the estimated useful life for computers (part of office equipments) to four years (from six years used earlier), based on a review of useful life of such assets.

Computer softwares are fully depreciated over a period of six years, based on the review of useful life of such assets.

Assets costing individually upto Rs. 5,000/- are fully depreciated in the year of addition.

Leasehold land is amortised over the period of primary lease.

(e) Impairment of assets

The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset, including intangible, may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. If such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. If at the balance sheet date there is an indication that if a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount subject to a maximum of depreciable historical cost. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the carrying amount of asset does not exceed the net book value that would have been determined, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

(f) Leases

Assets acquired under lease where the Company has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance lease. Such leases are capitalised at the inception of lease at lower of the fair value and present value of minimum lease payments. Assets taken on finance lease are depreciated over their estimated useful life or the lease term whichever is lower.

Assets acquired under lease where the significant portion of risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating lease. Lease rentals are charged to the statement of profit and loss on accrual basis.

(g) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (including prime cost, excise duty and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition) and estimated net realisable value, after providing for obsolescence, where appropriate. The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis. The net realisable value of materials in process is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished goods. Raw materials, packing materials and other supplies held for use in production of inventories are not written down below cost except in cases where material prices have declined, and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products will exceed their net realisable value.

The provision for inventory obsolescence is assessed regularly based on estimated usage and shelf life of products.

Raw materials, packing materials and stores and spares are valued at cost computed on monthly moving weighted average basis. The cost includes purchase price, inward freight and other incidental expenses net of CENVAT and VAT credit, where applicable.

Work-in-progress is valued at input material cost plus conversion cost as applicable.

Finished goods are valued at lower of net realisable value and prime cost, excise duty and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

(h) Trade receivables and loans and advances

Trade receivables and loans and advances are stated after making adequate provision for doubtful receivables and loans and advances.

(i) Investments

Long-term investments are stated at cost. A provision for diminution is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long-term investments.

Current investments are stated at lower of cost and fair value for each investment individually.

(j) Revenue recognition

Revenue from sale of goods and sale of scrap is recognised on transfer of all significant risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer. The amount recognised as sale is exclusive of sales tax and net of trade discounts and sales returns. Sales are presented both gross and net of excise duty.

Income from royalty is accounted based on contractual agreements.

Dividend income is accounted for in the year in which the right to receive the same is established.

Interest on investments is booked on a time-proportion basis taking into account the amounts invested and the rate of interest.

(k) Foreign currency transactions

Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the respective dates of the relevant transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are restated at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date. The gains or losses resulting from such transactions are adjusted to the statement of profit and loss. Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currency and measured at fair value / net realisable value are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date when the fair value / net realisable value was determined. Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currency and measured at historical cost are translated at the exchange rate prevalent on the date of transaction.

The Company uses foreign exchange forward contracts to cover its exposure towards movements in foreign exchange rates. The use of foreign exchange forward contracts reduces the risk of fluctuations in exchange movements for the Company. The Company does not use the foreign exchange forward contract for trading or speculative purposes.

Premium or discount arising at the inception of the forward contracts against the underlying assets is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on forward contracts are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the reporting period in which the exchange rates change.

(l) Derivative contracts

Based on the principle of prudence as provided in Accounting Standard 1 - "Disclosure of Accounting Policies", the Company assesses losses, if any, by marking to market all its outstanding derivative contracts [other than those accounted under Accounting Standard 11 - "Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates" (Refer point (k) above)] at the balance sheet date and provides for such losses. The net gain, if any, based on the said evaluation is not accounted for in line with the ICAI notification issued in March 2008 in relation to such transactions.

(m) Taxes on income

Income-tax expense comprises current tax (i.e. amount of tax for the year determined in accordance with the Income-tax laws) and deferred tax charge or credit (reflecting the tax effects of timing differences between accounting income and taxable income for the year). Deferred tax in respect of timing differences which originate during the tax holiday period but reverse after the tax holiday period is recognised in the year in which the timing differences originate. For this purpose the timing differences, which originate first are considered to reverse first. The deferred tax charge or credit and the corresponding deferred tax liabilities or assets are recognised using the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent where there is reasonable certainty that the assets can be realised in future; however, where there is unabsorbed depreciation or carried forward business loss under taxation laws, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is a virtual certainty of realisation of such assets.

Deferred tax assets / liabilities are reviewed as at each balance sheet date and written down or written up to reflect the amount that is reasonably / virtually certain (as the case may be) to be realised.

The Company offsets, the current tax assets and liabilities (on a year on year basis) and deferred tax assets and liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right and where it intends to settle such assets and liabilities on a net basis.

Minimum Alternative Tax ('MAT') credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income-tax during the specified period. In the year in which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognised as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in the guidance note issued by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India ('ICAI'), the said asset is created by way of a credit to the statement of profit and loss. The Company reviews the same at each balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT credit entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that Company will pay normal income-tax during the specified period.

(n) Employee benefits

(i) Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as short-term employee benefits, which include benefits like salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences and performance incentives and are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

(ii) Post-employment benefits

Contributions to defined contribution schemes such as Provident Fund, Pension Fund, etc., are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service. In respect of certain employees, Provident Fund contributions are made to a Trust administered by the Company. The interest rate payable to the members of the Trust shall not be lower than the statutory rate of interest declared by the Central Government under the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 and shortfall, if any, shall be made good by the Company. In respect of contributions made to government administered Provident Fund, the Company has no further obligations beyond its monthly contributions. The Company also provides for post-employment defined benefit in the form of gratuity and medical benefits. The cost of providing benefit is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuation being carried out at each balance sheet date.

The Britannia Industries Limited Covenanted Staff Pension Fund Trust ('BILCSPF') and Britannia Industries Limited Officers' Pension Fund Trust ('BILOPF') were established by the Company to administer pension schemes for its employees. These trusts are managed by the Trustees. The Pension Scheme is applicable to all the managers and officers of the Company who have been employed up to the date of 15 September 2005 and any manager or officer employed after that date, if he has opted for the membership of the Scheme. The Company makes a contribution of 15% of salary in respect of the members, each month to the trusts. On retirement, subject to the vesting conditions as per the rules of the trust, the member becomes eligible for pension, which is paid from annuity purchased in the name of the member by the trusts.

(iii) Other long-term employee benefits

All employee benefits (other than post-employment benefits and termination benefits) which do not fall due wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related services are determined based on actuarial valuation carried out at each balance sheet date. Provision for long-term compensated absences is based on actuarial valuation carried out as at 1st January every year.

(iv) Voluntary retirement scheme benefits

Voluntary retirement scheme benefits are recognised as an expense in the year they are incurred.

(o) Employee share based payments

The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock options using the intrinsic value method. Compensation expense, if any, is amortised over the vesting period of the option on a straight line basis.

(p) Provisions and contingent liabilities

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events, for which it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are reviewed regularly and are adjusted where necessary to reflect the current best estimate of the obligation. When the Company expects a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset only when reimbursement is virtually certain.

A disclosure for contingent liabilities is made where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may probably not require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible or a present obligation where the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

Provision for onerous contracts, i.e. contracts where the expected unavoidable cost of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it, are recognised when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle a present obligation as a result of an obligating event based on a reliable estimate of such obligation.

(q) Earnings per share

Basic Earnings Per Share ('EPS') is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the year, unless issued at a later date. In computing diluted earnings per share, only potential equity shares that are dilutive and that either reduces earnings per share or increases loss per share are included. The number of shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for the share splits.

(r) Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using indirect method, whereby net profits before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from regular revenue generating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

(s) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition or construction of those fixed assets which necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised. Other borrowing costs are accounted as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.


Mar 31, 2011

(a) basis of accounting and preparation of fnancial statements

The fnancial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention, on the accrual basis of accounting to comply in all material aspects with the applicable accounting principles in India, the mandatory Accounting Standards (‘AS) prescribed by the Companies (Accounting Standard), Rules 2006, the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 (‘the Act) and the guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

(b) use of estimates

The preparation of the fnancial statements, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in India, requires that the Management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of the fnancial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in current and future periods.

(c) fixed assets

tangible assets

Tangible assets are stated at their cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation. Cost includes inward freight, duties, taxes and expenses incidental to acquisition and installation or construction, net of CENVAT and VAT credit, where applicable.

The cost of the fixed assets not ready for their intended use before such date, are disclosed as capital work- in-progress.

intangible assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortisation.

(d) depreciation and amortisation

Depreciation in respect of all the assets is provided on straight line method. The rates of depreciation prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Act are considered as minimum rates. If the Managements estimate of the useful life of a fixed asset at the time of the acquisition of the asset or of the remaining useful life on a subsequent review is shorter than envisaged in the aforesaid schedule, depreciation is provided at a higher rate based on the Managements estimate of the useful life / remaining useful life. Pursuant to this policy, vehicles acquired on fnance lease are depreciated over a period of 5 years.

With effect from 1 April 2010, the Management has revised the estimated useful life for computers to four years, based on a review of useful life of such assets.

Assets costing individually upto Rs. 5 are fully depriciated in the year of addition.

Leasehold land is amortised over the period of primary lease.

(e) impairment of assets

The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset, including intangible, may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. If such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognised in the profit and loss account. If at the balance sheet date there is an indication that if a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is refected at the recoverable amount subject to a maximum of depreciable historical cost. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the carrying amount of asset does not exceed the net book value that would have been determined, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

(f) leases

Assets acquired under lease where the Company has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classifed as fnance lease. Such leases are capitalised at the inception of lease at lower of the fair value and present value of minimum lease payments. Assets taken on fnance lease are depreciated over their estimated useful life or the lease term whichever is lower.

Assets acquired under lease where the signifcant portion of risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classifed as operating lease. Lease rentals are charged to profit and loss account on accrual basis.

(g) inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (including prime cost, excise duty and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition) and estimated net realisable value, after providing for obsolescence, where appropriate. The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis. The net realisable value of materials in process is determined with reference to the selling prices of related fnished goods. Raw materials, packing materials and other supplies held for use in production of inventories are not written down below cost except in cases where material prices have declined, and it is estimated that the cost of the fnished products will exceed their net realisable value.

The provision for inventory obsolescence is assessed regularly based on estimated usage and shelf life of products.

Raw materials, packing materials and stores and spares are valued at cost computed on monthly moving weighted average basis. The cost includes purchase price, inward freight and other incidental expenses net of CENVAT and VAT credit, where applicable.

Materials-in-process is valued at input material cost plus conversion cost as applicable.

Finished goods are valued at lower of net realisable value and prime cost, excise duty and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

(h) sundry debtors and loans and advances

Sundry debtors and loans and advances are stated after making adequate provision for doubtful debts and advances.

(i) investments

Long term investments are stated at cost. A provision for diminution is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long term investments.

Current investments are stated at lower of cost and fair value for each investment individually.

(j) revenue recognition

Revenue from sale of goods (including sale of scrap) is recognised on transfer of all signifcant risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer. The amount recognised as sale is exclusive of sales tax and net of trade discounts and sales returns. Sales are presented both gross and net of excise duty.

Income from royalty and services is accounted based on contractual agreements.

Dividend income is accounted for in the year in which the right to receive the same is established.

Interest on investments is booked on a time-proportion basis taking into account the amounts invested and the rate of interest.

(k) foreign currency transactions

Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the respective dates of the relevant transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are restated at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date. The gains or losses resulting from such transactions are adjusted to the profit and loss account. Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currency and measured at fair value / net realisable value are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date when the fair value / net realisable value was determined. Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currency and measured at historical cost are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date of transaction.

The Company uses foreign exchange forward contracts to cover its exposure towards movements in foreign exchange rates. The use of foreign exchange forward contracts reduces the risk of fuctuations in exchange movements for the Company. The Company does not use the foreign exchange forward contract for trading or speculative purposes.

Premium or discount arising at the inception of the forward contracts against the underlying assets is amortised as expense or income over the life of contract. Exchange differences on forward contracts are recognised in the profit and loss account in the reporting period in which the exchange rates change.

(l) taxes on income

Income tax expense comprises current tax (i.e. amount of tax for the year determined in accordance with the Income tax law) and deferred tax charge or credit (refecting the tax effects of timing differences between

accounting income and taxable income for the year). Deferred tax in respect of timing differences which originate during the tax holiday period but reverse after the tax holiday period is recognised in the year in which the timing differences originate. For this purpose, the timing differences which originate frst are considered to reverse frst. The deferred tax charge or credit and the corresponding deferred tax liabilities or assets are recognised using the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent where there is reasonable certainty that the assets can be realised in future; however, where there is unabsorbed depreciation or carried forward business loss under taxation laws, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is a virtual certainty of realisation of such assets.

Deferred tax assets / liabilities are reviewed as at each balance sheet date and written down or written up to refect the amount that is reasonably / virtually certain (as the case may be) to be realised.

The Company offsets, the current tax assets and liabilities (on a year on year basis) and deferred tax assets and liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right and where it intends to settle such assets and liabilities on a net basis.

Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specifed period. In the year in which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognised as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in the guidance note issued by ICAI, the said asset is created by way of a credit to the profit and loss account. The Company reviews the same at each balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT credit entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that Company will pay normal income tax during the specifed period.

(m) employee benefts

(i) short-term employee benefts

All employee benefts falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classifed as short-term employee benefts, which include benefts like salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences and performance incentives and are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

(ii) post-employment benefts

Contributions to defned contribution schemes such as Provident Fund, Pension Fund etc., are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service. In respect of certain employees, Provident Fund contributions are made to a Trust administered by the Company. The interest rate payable to the members of the Trust shall not be lower than the statutory rate of interest declared by the Central Government under the Employees Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 and shortfall, if any, shall be made good by the Company. In respect of contributions made to government administered Provident Fund, the Company has no further obligations beyond its monthly contributions. The Company also provides for post-employment defned beneft in the form of gratuity and medical benefts. The cost of providing beneft is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuation being carried out at each balance sheet date.

The Britannia Industries Limited Covenanted Staff Pension Fund Trust (BILCSPF) and Britannia Industries Limited Offcers Pension Fund Trust (BILOPF) were established by the Company to administer pension schemes for its employees. These trusts are managed by the trustees. The Pension scheme is applicable to all the managers and offcers of the Company who have been employed up to the date of 15 September 2005 and any manager or offcer employed after that date, if he has opted for the membership of the scheme. The Company makes a contribution of 15% of salary in respect of the members, each month to the trusts. On retirement, subject to the vesting conditions as per the rules of the trust, the member becomes eligible for pension, which is paid from annuity purchased in the name of the member by the trusts.

(iii) other long-term employee benefts

All employee benefts (other than post-employment benefts and termination benefts) which do not fall due wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related services are determined based on actuarial valuation carried out at each balance sheet date. Provision for long term compensated absences is based on actuarial valuation carried out as at 1st January every year.

(n) employee share based payments

The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock options using the intrinsic value

method. Compensation expense, if any, is amortised over the vesting period of the option on a straight line basis.

(o) provisions and contingent liabilities

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events, for which it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefts will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are reviewed regularly and are adjusted where necessary to refect the current best estimate of the obligation. When the Company expects a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset only when reimbursement is virtually certain.

A disclosure for contingent liabilities is made where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may probably not require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible or a present obligation where the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

Provision for onerous contracts, i.e. contracts where the expected unavoidable cost of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefts expected to be received under it, are recognised when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefts will be required to settle a present obligation as a result of an obligating event based on a reliable estimate of such obligation.

(p) derivative contracts

Based on the principle of prudence as provided in Accounting Standard 1 - "Disclosure of accounting policies", the Company assesses losses, if any, by marking to market all its outstanding derivative contracts [other than those accounted under Accounting Standard 11 - "Effects of changes in foreign exchange rates" (Refer to point (k) above)] at the Balance Sheet date and provides for such losses. The net gain, if any, based on the said evaluation is not accounted for in line with the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) notifcation issued in March 2008 in relation to such transactions.

(q) earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the year, unless issued at a later date. In computing diluted earnings per share, only potential equity shares that are dilutive and that either reduces earnings per share or increases loss per share are included. The number of shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for the share splits.

(r) cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using indirect method, whereby net profits before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from regular revenue generating, investing and fnancing activities of the Company are segregated.

(s) borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition or construction of those fixed assets which necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised. Other borrowing costs are accounted as an expense in the profit and loss account.


Mar 31, 2010

(a) Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention, on the accrual basis of accounting to comply in all material aspects with the applicable accounting principles in India, the applicable Accounting Standards notified u/s 211(3C) of the Companies Act, 1956 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

(b) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, requires that the management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in current and future periods.

(c) Fixed assets

Tangible assets

Tangible assets are stated at their original cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost includes inward freight, duties, taxes and expenses incidental to acquisition and installation, net of CENVAT and VAT credit, where applicable.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortisation.

(d) Depreciation and amortisation

Depreciation in respect of all the assets acquired upto 30 June 1984 is provided on written down value method. For additions on or after 1 July 1984, straight line method has been used. Depreciation rates are estimated by the Company and are as specified in the amended Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956, except relating to vehicles which are depreciated over a period of five years. Assets costing individually upto Rs. 5 are fully depreciated in the year of addition. Computer software is amortised over a period of six years.

Leasehold land is amortised over the period of primary lease.

The assets identified and retired based on technical evaluation and held for disposal are stated at lower of net book value and estimated net realisable value.

(e) Impairment of assets

The Company assesses at each Balance Sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset, including intangible, may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. If such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

(f) Leases »

Assets acquired under lease where the Company has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance lease. Such leases are capitalised at the inception of lease at lower of the fair value and present value of minimum lease payments. Assets taken on finance lease are depreciated over its estimated useful life or the lease term whichever is lower.

Assets acquired under lease where the significant portion of risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating lease. Lease rentals are charged to Profit and Loss Account on accrual basis.

(g) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and estimated net realisable value, after providing for obsolescence, where appropriate.

Raw materials, packing material and stores and spares are valued at cost computed on moving weighted average basis. The cost includes purchase price, inward freight and other incidental expenses net of CENVAT and VAT credit, where applicable.

Materials in process is valued at input material cost plus conversion cost as applicable.

Finished goods are valued at lower of net realisable value and prime cost, excise duty and other overheads incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

(h) Sundry debtors and Loans and advances

Sundry debtors and Loans and advances are stated after making adequate provision for doubtful debts and advances.

(i) Investments

Long term investments are stated at cost. A provision for diminution is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long term investments.

Current investments are stated at lower of cost and fair value.

(j) Revenue recognition

Sales are recognised when goods are supplied and are recorded net of trade discounts, rebates, sales tax, VAT and excise duties (on goods manufactured and outsourced).

Income from royalty and services is accounted based on contractual agreements.

Dividend income is accounted for in the year in which the right to receive the same is established.

Interest on investments is booked on a time-proportion basis taking into account the amounts invested and the rate of interest.

(k) Commodity hedging contracts

The realised gain or loss in respect of commodity hedging contracts, the pricing period of which has expired during the year are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

(l) Foreign currency transactions

Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the respective dates of the relevant transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are restated at exchange rates prevailing at the Balance Sheet date. The gains or losses resulting from such transactions are adjusted to the Profit and Loss Account. Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currency and measured at fair value/net realisable value are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date when the fair value/net realisable value was determined. Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currency and measured at historical cost are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date of transaction.

The Company uses foreign exchange forward contracts to cover its exposure to movements in foreign exchange rates. The use of foreign exchange forward contracts reduces the risk of fluctuations in exchange movements for the Company. The Company does not use the foreign exchange forward contract for trading or speculative purposes.

Premium or Discount arising at the inception of forward contracts against the underlying assets are amortised as expense or income over the life of contract. Exchange differences on forward contracts are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the reporting period in which the exchange rates change.

(m) Taxes on income

(i) Current taxation

Provision for current tax is made based on the tax liability computed after considering tax allowances and exemptions.

(ii) Fringe benefit tax

Fringe benefit tax was determined at current applicable rates on expense falling within the ambit of Fringe benefit as defined under the Income Tax Act, 1961 till the previous year. With effect from 1 April 2009 Fringe benefit tax is not required to be borne by the Company on account of change in legislature.

(iii) Deferred taxation

Deferred income tax is provided on all timing differences at the Balance Sheet date between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount for financial reporting purpose. Deferred tax asset or liability is recognised only for those timing differences that originate during the tax holiday period but reverse after the tax holiday period.

Deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is a reasonable or virtual certainty, as may be applicable, that sufficient future taxable income will be available, against which they can be realised. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable income will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised.

(iv) Minimum alternative tax

Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) paid under Section 115JB of the Income Tax Act, 1961 is considered as current tax for the year in which it arises. MAT Credit (Excess of MAT paid over the income tax computed under the normal provisions of income tax) is treated as an asset and is shown under the head Loans and Advances in the year in which it becomes eligible to be recognised as an asset as discussed in paragraph 11 of the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income Tax Act, 1961.

(n) Employee benefits

(i) Short term employee benefits

All employee benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as short term employee benefits, which include benefits like salaries, wages, short term compensated absences and performance incentives and are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

(ii) Post-employment benefits

Contributions to defined contribution schemes such as Provident Fund, Pension Fund etc., are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service. In respect of certain employees, Provident Fund contributions are made to a Trust administered by the Company. The interest rate payable to the members of the Trust shall not be lower than the statutory rate of interest declared by the Central Government under the Employees Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 and shortfall, if any, shall be made good by the Company. In respect of contributions made to government administered Provident Fund, the Company has no further obligations beyond its monthly contributions. The Company also provides for post employment defined benefit in the form of gratuity and medical benefits. The cost of providing benefit is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuation being carried out at each Balance Sheet date.

The Britannia Industries Limited Covenanted Staff Pension Fund Trust (BILCSPF) and Britannia Industries Limited Officers Pension Fund Trust (BILOPF) were established by the Company to administer pension schemes for its employees. These trusts are managed by the trustees. The Pension scheme is applicable to all the managers and officers of the Company who have been employed up to the date of 15 September 2005 and any manager or officer employed after that date, if he has opted for the membership of the scheme. The Company makes a contribution of 15% of salary in respect of the members each month to the trusts. On retirement, subject to the vesting conditions as per the rules of the Trust, the member becomes eligible for pension, which is paid from annuity purchased in the name of the member by the trusts. [Refer note 28]

(iii) Other Long Term Employee Benefits

All employee benefits (other than post-employment benefits and termination benefits) which do not fall due wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related services are determined based on actuarial valuation carried out at each Balance Sheet date. Provision for Long term compensated absences is based on actuarial valuation carried out as at 1st January every year.

(iv) Termination Benefits

Compensation in respect of payments made before 31 March 2006 under the Companys Voluntary Retirement Schemes (VRS) and terminal compensation benefit is amortised over a period of 60 months from the month of such payments. The payments made on or after i April 2006 are amortised equally to ensure that the amount is not carried forward beyond 31 March 2010. The unamortised amount is recognised as Miscellaneous Expenditure (to the extent not written off or adjusted).

(o) Employee share based payments

The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock options using the intrinsic value method. Compensation expense, if any, is amortised over the vesting period of the option on a straight line basis.

(p) Provisions and contingent liabilities

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events, for which it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are reviewed regularly and are adjusted where necessary to reflect the current best estimate of the obligation. When the Company expects a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset only when reimbursement is virtually certain.

A disclosure for contingent liabilities is made where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may probably not require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible or a present obligation where the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

(q) Derivative contracts

Based on the principle of prudence as provided in AS 1 - "Disclosure of accounting policies", the Company assesses losses, if any, by marking to market all its outstanding derivative contracts [other than those accounted under AS 11 - "Effects of changes in foreign exchange rates" (Refer point (1) above) and commodity hedging contracts referred under point (k) above] at the Balance Sheet date and provides for such losses. The net gain, if any, based on the said evaluation is not accounted for in line with the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) notification issued in March 2008 in relation to such transactions.

(r) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later date. In computing diluted earnings per share, only potential equity shares that are dilutive and that either reduces earnings per share or increases loss per share are included.

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