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Accounting Policies of CG Power and Industrial Solutions Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2023

The Company is a global enterprise providing end-to-end solutions to utilities, industries and consumers for the management and application of efficient and sustainable electrical energy. It offers products, services and solutions in two main business segments, viz. Power Systems and Industrial Systems for the year ended 31 March, 2023.

The standalone financial statements of the Company for the year ended 31 March, 2023 were authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the directors on 8 May, 2023.

2.1 Basis of preparation:

The standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended from time to time and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013. The standalone financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value:

• Derivative financial instruments,

• Certain financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value.

The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (T) and all values are rounded to the nearest crores, except when otherwise indicated.

2.2 Property, plant and equipment:

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises the purchase price, net of trade discounts and rebates, directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use and capitalised borrowing costs. When significant parts of the plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of property, plant and equipment is capitalised only if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the statement of profit and loss as incurred.

Capital work-in-progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment under installation / under development as at the balance sheet date and stated at cost, net of accumulated impairment loss, if any.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset is recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

Depreciation is provided on straight-line method over the useful lives of assets. Depreciation commences when an asset is ready for its intended use. The management''s estimate of useful lives are in accordance with Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, other than the following asset classes, where the useful lives was determined by technical evaluation. Freehold land is not depreciated. Depreciation on additions to / deductions from assets is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition / deletion.

The range of useful lives of the property, plant and equipment are as follows:

• Plant and machinery - 1 to 21 years

• Furniture and fittings - 1 to 15 years

• Office equipments - 1 to 15 years

• Buildings - 3 to 60 years

• Vehicles - 1 to 8 years

Buildings constructed on leasehold land are depreciated based on the useful life specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, where the lease period of land is beyond the useful life of the building.

In other cases, buildings constructed on leasehold land are amortised over the primary lease period of the land.

The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each financial year end, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value as per the previous GAAP for Plant and machinery, Furniture and fittings, Office equipments and Vehicles as its deemed cost. Also, the Company has elected to measure Freehold land, Leasehold Land and Building at its fair value and considered it as deemed cost as on the date of transition to Ind AS.

2.3 Intangible assets:

Intangible assets are recognised when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the Company and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably. Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives, if any are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in statement of profit and loss.

Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

Intangible assets are amortised as follows:

• Specialised software : Over a period of five years;

• Technical know-how : Over a period of five years (from the date of availability for its use); and

• Commercial rights : Over a period of ten years;

Research and development expenditure:

Revenue expenditure on research activities is expensed under the respective heads of account in the period in which it is incurred.

Development expenditures on an individual project are recognized as intangible asset, if all of the following criteria can be demonstrated:

(i) the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale;

(ii) the Company has intention to complete the development of intangible asset and use or sell it;

(iii) the Company has ability to use or sell the intangible asset;

(iv) the manner in which the probable future economic benefit will be generated;

(v) the availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset; and

(vi) the Company has ability to reliably measure the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development.

Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation of the asset begins when development is complete and the asset is available for use. It is amortised over a period of five years. During the period of development, the asset is tested for impairment annually.

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value as per the previous GAAP for all intangible assets as its deemed cost.

2.4 Impairment of non-financial assets:

At least at the end of each reporting period, the Company assesses whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired and also whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, if any, the Company determines the recoverable amount and impairment loss is recognised in the statement of profit and loss, when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount.

Recoverable amount is determined:

• In the case of an individual asset, at the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value in use; and

• In the case of cash generating unit (a group of assets that generates identified, independent cash flows), at the higher of the cash generating unit''s (CGUs) fair value less cost to sell and the value in use.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.

2.5 Inventories:

Inventories are valued as under:

• Raw materials, packing materials, construction materials, stores and spares, loose tools and traded goods at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.

• Work-in-progress and finished goods (manufacturing) at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes an appropriate share of production overheads based on normal operating capacity. Finished goods cost is determined on weighted average basis.

The cost of inventories comprises all cost of purchases, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Obsolete and slow moving items of inventories are valued at cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower. Goods and Materials in transit are valued at actual cost incurred up to the reporting date. Materials and supplies held for use in the production of inventories are not written down if the finished products in which they will be used are expected to be sold at or above cost.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

2.6 Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above.

2.7 Foreign currency transactions:

Initial recognition

Transactions in foreign currencies entered are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction.

Measurement as at Balance Sheet Date

Foreign currency monetary items that are outstanding at the Balance Sheet date are restated at year end exchange rates.

Non-monetary items carried at historical cost are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of initial transactions.

Treatment of exchange differences

Exchange differences arising on settlement/ restatement of foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are recognized as income or expense in the statement of profit and loss.

2.8 Revenue recognition:(a) Revenue from sale of goods and services

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the goods is transferred to the customer, which generally coincides with the delivery of goods to customers. Revenue from services is recognised when services are rendered.

Revenue is recognised at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In contracts where freight is arranged by the Company and recovered from the customers, the same is treated as a separate performance obligation and revenue is recognised when such freight services are rendered. Revenue is adjusted for variable consideration such as discounts, rebates, refunds, credits, price concessions, incentives, performance bonuses, penalties or other similar items in a contract when they are highly probable to be provided. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception updated thereafter at each reporting date or until crystallisation of the amount. Liquidated damages are recognised as a part of variable consideration.

In revenue arrangements with multiple performance obligations, the Company accounts for individual products and services separately if they are distinct -i.e. if a product or service is separately identifiable from other items in the arrangement and if a customer can benefit from it. The consideration is allocated between separate products and services in the arrangement based on their standalone selling prices.

However, Goods and Services tax (GST) are not received by the Company on its own account. Rather, it is tax collected on value added to the commodity by the seller on behalf of the government. Accordingly, it is excluded from revenue.

(b) Revenue from construction contracts

Performance obligations with reference to construction contracts are satisfied over the period of time, and accordingly, Revenue from such contracts is recognised based on progress of performance determined using input method with reference to the cost incurred on contract and their estimated total costs. Revenue is adjusted towards liquidated damages, and price variations / escalation, wherever, applicable. Variation in contract work and other claims are included to the extent that the amount can be measured reliably and generally when it is agreed with customer. Estimates of revenue and costs are reviewed periodically and revised, wherever circumstances change, resulting increases or decreases in revenue determination, is recognised in the period in which estimates are revised.

(c) Dividend and interest income

Dividend income is accounted for when the shareholder''s right to receive the same is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefit will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is recognised taking into account the amount outstanding and effective interest rate.

2.9 Employee benefits:

Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months after the end of the annual reporting period in which the employees render the related services, are classified as short term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences, performance incentives etc. and the expected cost of bonus, ex-gratia are recognised during the period in which the employee renders related service.

Liabilities recognised in respect of short term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amounts of the benefits expected in exchange for the related services.

Post-employment benefits Defined contribution scheme:

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit plans are recognised as an expense when employees have rendered the service entitling them to the contributions. Defined benefit plans:

The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined using the projected unit credit method with the actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period.

Remeasurements, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to the profit or loss. Past service cost is recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period of plan amendment or when the Company recognised related re-structuring costs.

The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation under employee benefit expenses in profit or loss:

• service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and settlements;

• net interest expense or income.

Gratuity:

The cost of providing benefit under gratuity plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the reporting date. The scheme is funded with the CG Gratuity Fund. Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in other comprehensive income in the reporting period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit and loss subsequently.

Leave encashment:

Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next twelve months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the reporting date. Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the statement of profit and loss.

Provident Fund:

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

Termination benefits:

Termination benefits are recognised as an expense when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of the termination benefits or when the Company recognises any related restructuring costs whichever is earlier.

2.10 Share Based Payments (Employee Stock Option Scheme):

Stock options are granted to the employees under the stock option scheme. The costs of stock options granted to the employees (equity-settled awards) of the Company are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments granted. For each stock option, the measurement of fair value is performed on the grant date. The grant date is the date on which the Company and the employees agree to the stock option scheme. The fair value so determined is revised only if the stock option scheme is modified in a manner that is beneficial to the employees.

This cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in stock options outstanding account in equity, over the period in which the performance and / or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The statement of profit and loss expense or credit for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognised in employee benefits expense.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

If the options vests in instalments (i.e. the options vest pro rata over the service period), then each instalment is treated as a separate share option grant because each instalment has a different vesting period.

2.11 Borrowing costs:

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time (generally over twelve months) to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.

2.12 Segment accounting:

Operating segments are those components of the business whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker in the Company to make decisions for performance assessment and resource allocation. Segment performance is evaluated based on the profit or loss of reportable segment and is measured consistently.

The Operating segments have been identified on the basis of the nature of products / services.

(i) Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly identifiable with / allocable to the segment including inter- segment revenue.

(ii) Expenses that are directly identifiable with / allocable to segments are considered for determining the segment result. Expenses which relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments are included under unallocable expenditure.

(iii) Income which relates to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments is included in unallocable income.

(iv) Segment result includes margins on inter-segment sales which are reduced in arriving at the profit before tax of the Company.

(v) Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable with the respective segments. Unallocable assets and liabilities represent the assets and liabilities that relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to any segment.

2.13 Leases:

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Company as a lessee

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognises right-of-use (‘ROU’) asset and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of 12 months or less (short-term leases and leases of low-value assets). For these short-term leases and leases of low-value assets, the Company recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

A ROU asset is recognised representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The cost of the ROU asset measured at inception comprises of the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received, plus any initial direct costs incurred. The ROU asset is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability.

The ROU assets are depreciated from the commencement date using the straight-line method over the shorter of lease term or useful life of right-of-use asset. Right-of-use assets are tested for impairment whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

The Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. The carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset.

The range of useful lives of the ROU assets are as follows:

• Leasehold land - 30 to 99 years

• Buildings - 2 to 9 years

• Furniture and fittings - 5 years

Company as a lessor

Leases for which the Company is a lessor are classified as a finance or operating lease. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Rental income from operating lease is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned.

Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Company''s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.

2.14 Earnings per share:

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the reporting period is adjusted for events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a rights issue, share split, and reverse share split (consolidation of shares), if any occurred during the reporting period, that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit for the year attributable to the equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year, are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

The number of shares and potential dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for any bonus shares issues including for changes effected prior to the approval of the standalone financial statements by the Board of Directors.

2.15 Income taxes:

Income tax expense for the period comprises of current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognised in the statement of profit and loss except when they are relating to items that are recognised in OCI or directly in equity, in which case, it is also recognised in relating to items recognised directly in OCI or equity respectively.

Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected income tax payable on the taxable income for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. It is determined by using tax rates in accordance with the provisions of Income Tax Act, 1961.

Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised for all temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the standalone financial statements. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax assets to be utilized.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

2.16 Provisions, Contingent liabilities, Contingent assets and Commitments:General

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When provision is measured using the cash flow estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of these cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money is material).

Disclosure of contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of amount cannot be made.

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

Warranty provisions

Provisions for the expected cost of warranty obligations are recognised at the time of sale of relevant product or service, at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the Company''s obligation.

Onerous contracts

If the Company has a contract that is onerous, the present obligation under the contract is recognised and measured as a provision. An onerous contract is considered to exist where the Company has a contract under which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received from the contract.

2.17 Exceptional items:

An item of income or expense which by its size, type or incidence is such that its disclosure improves the understanding of the performance of the Company, such income or expense is classified as an exceptional item and accordingly, disclosed as such in the standalone financial statements.

2.18 Current and non-current classification:

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current / non-current classification.

An asset is treated as current when it is:

• Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle,

• Held primarily for the purpose of trading,

• Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period,or

• Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is treated as current when:

• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle,

• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading,

• It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period,or

• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

Deferred tax assets / liabilities are classified as non-current.

Operating cycle:

A portion of the Company activities (primarily long-term project activities) has an operating cycle that exceeds twelve months. Accordingly, assets and liabilities related to these long-term contracts, which will not be realised / paid within twelve months, have been classified as non-current. For all other activities, operating cycle is twelve months.

2.19 Fair value measurement:

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date in the principal or, in its absence, the most advantageous market to which the Company has access at that date. The fair value of a liability reflects its non-performance risk. A number of the Company''s accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.

Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

• Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

• Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

• Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

2.20 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations:

Non-current assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification.

Discontinued operations are excluded from the results of continuing operations and are presented as a single amount as profit or loss after tax from discontinued operations in the statement of profit and loss. Also comparative statement of profit and loss is re-presented as if the operation had been discontinued from the start of the comparative period.

Assets and liabilities classified as held for disposal are presented separately from other assets and liabilities in the balance sheet.

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets once classified as held for sale are not depreciated or amortised.

2.21 Financial instruments:

The Company recognises financial assets and financial liabilities when it becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

(i) Financial assets:

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial assets are measured at fair value on initial recognition, except for trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component which are initially measured at transaction price. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets, which are not at fair value through profit or loss, are added to the fair value on initial recognition.

Subsequent measurement

All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety either at amortised cost or at fair value depending on the classification of the financial assets.

Where financial assets are measured at fair value, gains and losses are either recognised entirely in the statement of profit and loss (i.e. fair value through profit or loss or ''FVTPL''), or recognised in other comprehensive income (i.e. fair value through other comprehensive income or ''FVTOCI'').

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost (net of any write down for impairment) if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that represent solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

A financial asset is measured at FVTOCI if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that represents solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

All other financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss.

All equity investments are measured at fair value, with fair value changes recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for those equity investments for which the entity has elected to present fair value changes in other comprehensive income. However, dividend on such equity investments are recognised in statement of profit and loss when the Company''s right to receive payment is established.

Investment in associates, joint venture and subsidiaries

The Company accounts for its investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint venture, at cost less impairment loss except where investments is accounted for in accordance with Ind AS 105, Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations, when they are classified as held for sale.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company uses ''Expected Credit Loss'' (ECL) model, for evaluating impairment of financial assets other than those measured at fair value through profit and loss. Expected credit losses are measured through a loss allowance at an amount equal to:

• The 12 months expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from those default events on the financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date); or

• Full lifetime expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the life of the financial instrument).

For trade receivables the Company applies a simplified approach under which loss allowance is recognised based on expected lifetime ECL losses to be recognised on each reporting date. The Company uses a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss experience adjusted for relevant forwardlooking factors. For other assets, the Company uses 12 months ECL to provide for impairment loss where there is no significant increase in credit risk. If there is significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition full lifetime ECL is used.

Derecognition

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire or it transfers the financial asset and the transfer qualifies for derecognition under Ind AS 109.

(ii) Financial liabilities:

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are measured at fair value on initial recognition. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issue of financial liabilities, which are not at fair value through profit or loss, are deducted from the fair value on initial recognition.

The Company''s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, and derivative financial instruments.

Subsequent measurement

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or fair value through profit or loss (''FVTPL''). A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held-for-trading, it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in profit or loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in profit or loss.

Financial guarantee contracts

A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the Company to make specified payment to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are initially measured at their fair values and, if not designated as at FVTPL, are subsequently measured at the higher of, the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount initially recognised less cumulative amount of income recognised.

Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

(iii) Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting:

The Company uses various derivative financial instruments to hedge foreign currency / price risk on unexecuted firm commitments and highly probable forecast transactions. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value and are subsequently remeasured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to statement of profit and loss, except for the effective portion of cash flow hedges, which is recognised in other comprehensive income and presented as a separate component of equity which is later reclassified to statement of profit and loss when the hedge item affects profit or loss.

(iv) Offsetting of financial instruments:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

The preparation of the Company''s standalone financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities within the next financial year.

Judgements

Lease of assets not in legal form of lease

Significant judgment is required to apply lease accounting rules under Ind AS 116. In assessing the applicability to arrangements entered into by the Company, management has exercised judgment to evaluate the right to use the underlying assets, substance of the transaction including legally enforced arrangements and other significant terms and conditions of the arrangement to conclude whether the arrangements meet the criteria under Ind AS 116.

Estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below.

(i) Useful lives of property, plant and equipment

Management reviews useful lives of property, plant and equipment at least once a year. Such lives are dependent upon an assessment of both the technical lives of the assets and also their likely economic lives based on various internal and external factors. This reassessment may result in change in depreciation expected in future period.

(ii) Development costs

Development costs are recognised as an asset when all the criteria are met, whereas research costs are expensed as incurred. Management assesses and monitors whether the recognition requirements for development costs continue to be met. There is inherent uncertainty in the economic success of any product development. The Company uses judgement in assessment of development cost eligible for capitalisation.

(iii) Impairment of non-financial assets

In case of non-financial assets Company estimates asset''s recoverable amount, which is higher of an asset''s or cash generating units (CGU''s) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

(iv) Impairment of financial assets

The impairment provisions for financial assets are based on assumptions about risk of default and expected loss rates. The Company uses judgement in making these assumptions and selecting the inputs to the impairment calculation, based on Company''s past history, existing market conditions as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting period.

(v) Income taxes

Deferred tax assets for unused tax losses are recognised only when it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the losses can be utilised. Significant management judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits.

(vi) Defined benefit obligation

In accounting for post-retirement benefits, actuarial method uses several statistical and other factors to anticipate future events that are used to calculate defined benefit obligation. These factors include expected return on plan assets, discount rate assumptions and rate of future compensation increases. To estimate these factors, actuarial consultants also use estimates such as withdrawal, turnover, and mortality rates which require significant judgment. The actuarial assumptions used by the Company may differ materially from actual results in future periods due to changing market and economic conditions, regulatory events, judicial rulings, higher or lower withdrawal rates, or longer or shorter participant life spans.

(vii) Revenue from contract with customers

The Company estimates variable considerations in the nature of volume rebates, discounts, performance bonuses, penalties and similar items and adjusts the transaction price for the sale of goods and services. These expected variable considerations are analysed either at customer or contracts basis against agreed terms with customers and may differ from actual results.

(viii) Contingencies

In the normal course of business, contingent liabilities may arise from litigation and other claims against the Company. Potential liabilities that are possible but not probable of crystallising or are very difficult to quantify reliably are treated as contingent liabilities. Such liabilities are disclosed in notes but are not recognised, the cases which have been determined as remote by the Company are not disclosed.

The Company applied for the first-time certain standards and amendments, which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 April, 2022.

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified Companies (Indian Accounting Standard) Amendment Rules 2022 dated 23 March, 2022, to amend the following Ind AS which are effective from 1 April, 2022.

(i) Onerous Contracts - Costs of Fulfilling a Contract - Amendments to Ind AS 37

An onerous contract is a contract under which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract costs (i.e., the costs that the Company cannot avoid because it has the contract) exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it.

The amendments specify that when assessing whether a contract is onerous or loss-making, the Company needs to include costs that relate directly to a contract to provide goods or services including both incremental costs (e.g., the costs of direct labour and materials) and an allocation of costs directly related to contract activities (e.g., depreciation of equipment used to fulfil the contract and costs of contract management and supervision). General and administrative costs do not relate directly to a contract and are excluded unless they are explicitly chargeable to the counterparty under the contract.

The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 April, 2022. These amendments had no impact on the standalone financial statements of the Company.

(ii) Property, Plant and Equipment: Proceeds before Intended Use - Amendments to Ind AS 16

The amendments modified paragraph 17(e) of Ind AS 16 to clarify that excess of net sale proceeds of items produced over the cost of testing, if any, shall not be recognised in the profit or loss but deducted from the directly attributable costs considered as part of cost of an item of property, plant and equipment. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 April, 2022. These amendments had no impact on the standalone financial statements of the Company as there were no sales of such items produced by property, plant and equipment made available for use on or after the beginning of the earliest period presented.


Mar 31, 2022

CG Power and Industrial Solutions Limited (the ‘Company’) with CIN No: L99999MH1937PLC002641, is a limited company incorporated and domiciled in India whose shares are publicly traded. The registered office is located at 6th Floor, CG house, Dr. Annie Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai - 400 030, India. The Company has changed its name from Crompton Greaves Limited to CG Power and Industrial Solutions Limited w.e.f. 27 February, 2017.

The Company is a global enterprise providing end-to-end solutions to utilities, industries and consumers for the management and application of efficient and sustainable electrical energy. It offers products, services and solutions in two main business segments, viz. Power Systems and Industrial Systems for the year ended 31 March, 2022.

The standalone financial statements of the Company for the year ended 31 March, 2022 were authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the directors on 02 May 2022.

2.1 Basis of preparation:

The standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended from time to time and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013. The standalone financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value:

• Derivative financial instruments,

• Certain financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value.

The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (T) and all values are rounded to the nearest crores, except when otherwise indicated.

2.2 Property, plant and equipment:

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises the purchase price, net of trade discounts and rebates, directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use and capitalised borrowing costs. When significant parts of the plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of property, plant and equipment is capitalised only if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the statement of profit and loss as incurred.

Capital work-in-progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment under installation / under development as at the balance sheet date and stated at cost, net of accumulated impairment loss, if any.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset is recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

Depreciation is provided on straight-line method over the useful lives of assets. Depreciation commences when an asset is ready for its intended use. The management’s estimate of useful lives are in accordance with Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, other than the following asset classes, where the useful lives was determined by technical evaluation. Freehold land is not depreciated. Depreciation on additions to / deductions from assets is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the month of addition / deletion.

The range of useful lives of the property, plant and equipment are as follows:

• Plant and machinery - 1 to 21 years

• Furniture and fittings - 1 to 15 years

• Office equipments - 1 to 15 years

• Buildings - 3 to 60 years

• Vehicles - 1 to 8 years

Buildings constructed on leasehold land are depreciated based on the useful life specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, where the lease period of land is beyond the useful life of the building.

In other cases, buildings constructed on leasehold land are amortised over the primary lease period of the land.

The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each financial year end, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value as per the previous GAAP for Plant and machinery, Furniture and fittings, Office equipments and Vehicles as its deemed cost. Also, the Company has elected to measure Freehold land, Leasehold Land and Building at its fair value and considered it as deemed cost as on the date of transition to Ind AS.

2.3 Intangible assets:

Intangible assets are recognised when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the Company and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably. Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives, if any are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in statement of profit and loss.

Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

Intangible assets are amortised as follows:

• Specialised software : Over a period of five years;

• Technical know-how : Over a period of five years (from the date of availability for its use); and

• Commercial rights : Over a period of ten years.

Research and development expenditure:

Revenue expenditure on research activities is expensed under the respective heads of account in the period in which it is incurred.

Development expenditures on an individual project are recognized as intangible asset, if all of the following criteria can be demonstrated:

(i) the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale;

(ii) the Company has intention to complete the development of intangible asset and use or sell it;

(iii) the Company has ability to use or sell the intangible asset;

(iv) the manner in which the probable future economic benefit will be generated;

(v) the availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset; and

(vi) the Company has ability to reliably measure the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development

Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation of the asset begins when development is complete and the asset is available for use. It is amortised over a period of five years. During the period of development, the asset is tested for impairment annually.

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value as per the previous GAAP for all intangible assets as its deemed cost.

2.4 Impairment of non-financial assets:

At least at the end of each reporting period, the Company assesses whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired and also whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, if any, the Company determines the recoverable amount and impairment loss is recognised in the statement of profit and loss, when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount.

Recoverable amount is determined:

• In the case of an individual asset, at the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value in use; and

• In the case of cash generating unit (a group of assets that generates identified, independent cash flows), at the higher of the cash generating unit’s (CGUs) fair value less cost to sell and the value in use.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.

2.5 Inventories:

Inventories are valued as under:

• Raw materials, packing materials, construction materials, stores and spares, loose tools and traded goods at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.

• Work-in-progress and finished goods (manufacturing) at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes an appropriate share of production overheads based on normal operating capacity. Finished goods cost is determined on weighted average basis.

The cost of inventories comprises all cost of purchases, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Obsolete and slow moving items of inventories are valued at cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower. Goods and Materials in transit are valued at actual cost incurred up to the reporting date. Materials and supplies held for use in the production of inventories are not written down if the finished products in which they will be used are expected to be sold at or above cost.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

2.6 Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above.

2.7 Foreign currency transactions:

Initial recognition

Transactions in foreign currencies entered are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction.

Measurement as at Balance Sheet Date

Foreign currency monetary items that are outstanding at the Balance Sheet date are restated at year end exchange rates.

Non-monetary items carried at historical cost are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of initial transactions.

Treatment of exchange differences

Exchange differences arising on settlement/ restatement of foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are recognized as income or expense in the statement of profit and loss.

2.8 Revenue recognition:

(a) Revenue from sale of goods and services

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the goods is transferred to the customer, which generally coincides with the delivery of goods to customers. Revenue from services is recognised when services are rendered.

Revenue is recognised at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In contracts where freight is arranged by the Company and recovered from the customers, the same is treated as a separate performance obligation and revenue is recognised when such freight services are rendered. Revenue is adjusted for variable consideration such as discounts, rebates, refunds, credits, price concessions, incentives, performance bonuses, penalties or other similar items in a contract when they are highly probable to be provided. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception updated thereafter at each reporting date or until crystallisation of the amount. Liquidated damages are recognised as a part of variable consideration.

In revenue arrangements with multiple performance obligations, the Company accounts for individual products and services separately if they are distinct -i.e. if a product or service is separately identifiable from other items in the arrangement and if a customer can benefit from it. The consideration is allocated between separate products and services in the arrangement based on their standalone selling prices.

(b) Revenue from construction contracts

Performance obligations with reference to construction contracts are satisfied over the period of time, and accordingly, Revenue from such contracts is recognised based on progress of performance determined using input method with reference to the cost incurred on contract and their estimated total costs. Revenue is adjusted towards liquidated damages, and price variations / escalation, wherever, applicable. Variation in contract work and other claims are included to the extent that the amount can be measured reliably and generally when it is agreed with customer. Estimates of revenue and costs are reviewed periodically and revised, wherever circumstances change, resulting increases or decreases in revenue determination, is recognised in the period in which estimates are revised.

(c) Dividend and Interest Income

Dividend income is accounted for when the shareholder’s right to receive the same is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefit will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is recognised taking into account the amount outstanding and effective interest rate.

2.9 Employee benefits:

Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months after the end of the annual reporting period in which the employees render the related services, are classified as short term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences, performance incentives etc. and the expected cost of bonus, ex-gratia are recognised during the period in which the employee renders related service.

Liabilities recognised in respect of short term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amounts of the benefits expected in exchange for the related services.

Post-employment benefits Defined Contribution Scheme:

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit plans are recognised as an expense when employees have rendered the service entitling them to the contributions. Defined Benefit Plans:

The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined using the projected unit credit method with the actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period.

Remeasurements, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to the profit or loss. Past service cost is recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period of plan amendment or when the Company recognised related re-structuring costs.

The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation under employee benefit expenses in profit or loss:

• service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and settlements;

• net interest expense or income.

Gratuity:

The cost of providing benefit under gratuity plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the reporting date. The scheme is funded with the CG Gratuity Fund. Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in other comprehensive income in the reporting period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit and loss subsequently.

Leave encashment:

Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next twelve months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the reporting date. Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the statement of profit and loss.

Provident Fund:

Contributions to Provident Fund are made to a Trust administered by the Company and are charged to profit or loss as incurred. The Company is generally liable for the contributions. However, any shortfall in fund assets based on government specified minimum rate are recognised as an expense in the year it arises.

Termination benefits:

Termination benefits are recognised as an expense when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of the termination benefits or when the Company recognises any related restructuring costs whichever is earlier.

2.10 Shared Based Payments (Employee Stock Option Scheme):

Stock options are granted to the employees under the stock option scheme. The costs of stock options granted to the employees (equity-settled awards) of the Company are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments granted. For each stock option, the measurement of fair value is performed on the grant date. The grant date is the date on which the Company and the employees agree to the stock option scheme. The fair value so determined is revised only if the stock option scheme is modified in a manner that is beneficial to the employees.

This cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in stock options outstanding account in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company’s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The statement of profit and loss expense or credit for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognised in employee benefits expense.

If the options vests in instalments (i.e. the options vest pro rata over the service period), then each instalment is treated as a separate share option grant because each instalment has a different vesting period

2.11 Borrowing costs:

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time (generally over twelve months) to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.

2.12 Segment accounting:

Operating segments are those components of the business whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker in the Company to make decisions for performance assessment and resource allocation. Segment performance is evaluated based on the profit or loss of reportable segment and is measured consistently.

The Operating segments have been identified on the basis of the nature of products / services.

(i) Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly identifiable with / allocable to the segment including inter- segment revenue.

(ii) Expenses that are directly identifiable with / allocable to segments are considered for determining the segment result. Expenses which relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments are included under unallocable expenditure.

(iii) Income which relates to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments is included in unallocable income.

(iv) Segment result includes margins on inter-segment sales which are reduced in arriving at the profit before tax of the Company.

(v) Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable with the respective segments. Unallocable assets and liabilities represent the assets and liabilities that relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to any segment.

2.13 Leases:

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Company as a lessee

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognises right-of-use (‘ROU’) asset and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of 12 months or less (short-term leases and leases of low-value assets). For these short -term leases and leases of low-value assets, the Company recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

A ROU asset is recognised representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The cost of the ROU asset measured at inception comprises of the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received, plus any initial direct costs incurred. The ROU asset is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability.

The ROU assets are depreciated from the commencement date using the straight-line method over the shorter of lease term or useful life of right-of-use asset. Right-of-use assets are tested for impairment whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

The Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. The carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset.

The range of useful lives of the ROU assets are as follows:

• Leasehold land - 24 to 999 years

• Buildings - 2 to 9 years

• Furniture and fittings - 5 years Company as a lessor

Leases for which the Company is a lessor are classified as a finance or operating lease. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Rental income from operating lease is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned.

Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Company’s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.

2.14 Earnings per share:

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the reporting period is adjusted for events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a rights issue, share split, and reverse share split (consolidation of shares), if any occurred during the reporting period, that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit for the year attributable to the equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year, are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

The number of shares and potential dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for any bonus shares issues including for changes effected prior to the approval of the standalone financial statements by the Board of Directors.

2.15 Income taxes:

Income tax expense for the period comprises of current and deferred income tax. Income tax expense is recognised in net profit in the statement of profit and loss except when they are relating to items that are recognised in OCI or directly in equity, in which case, it is also recognised in relating to items recognised directly in OCI or equity respectively.

Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected income tax payable on the taxable income for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. It is measured using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date.

Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised for all temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the standalone financial statements. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax assets to be utilized.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered

2.16 Provisions, Contingent liabilities, Contingent assets and Commitments:General

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When provision is measured using the cash flow estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of these cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money is material).

Disclosure of contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of amount cannot be made.

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

Warranty provisions

Provisions for the expected cost of warranty obligations are recognised at the time of sale of relevant product or service, at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the Company’s obligation.

Onerous contracts

If the Company has a contract that is onerous, the present obligation under the contract is recognised and measured as a provision. An onerous contract is considered to exist where the Company has a contract under which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received from the contract.

2.17 Exceptional items:

An item of income or expense which by its size, type or incidence is such that its disclosure improves the understanding of the performance of the Company, such income or expense is classified as an exceptional item and accordingly, disclosed as such in the standalone financial statements.

2.18 Current and non-current classification:

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current / non-current classification.

An asset is treated as current when it is:

• Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle,

• Held primarily for the purpose of trading,

• Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period,or

• Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is treated as current when:

• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle,

• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading,

• It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period,or

• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

Deferred tax assets / liabilities are classified as non-current.

Operating cycle:

A portion of the Company activities (primarily long-term project activities) has an operating cycle that exceeds one year. Accordingly, assets and liabilities related to these long-term contracts, which will not be realised / paid within one year, have been classified as current. For all other activities, operating cycle is twelve months.

2.19 Fair value measurement:

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date in the principal or, in its absence, the most advantageous market to which the Company has access at that date. The fair value of a liability reflects its nonperformance risk. A number of the Company’s accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.

Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

• Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

• Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

• Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

2.20 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations:

Non-current assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification.

Discontinued operations are excluded from the results of continuing operations and are presented as a single amount as profit or loss after tax from discontinued operations in the statement of profit and loss. Also comparative statement of profit and loss is re-presented as if the operation had been discontinued from the start of the comparative period.

Assets and liabilities classified as held for disposal are presented separately from other assets and liabilities in the balance sheet.

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets once classified as held for sale are not depreciated or amortised.

2.21 Financial instruments:

The Company recognises financial assets and financial liabilities when it becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

(i) Financial assets:

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial assets are measured at fair value on initial recognition, except for trade receivables which are initially measured at transaction price. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets, which are not at fair value through profit or loss, are added to the fair value on initial recognition.

Subsequent measurement

All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety either at amortised cost or at fair value depending on the classification of the financial assets.

Where financial assets are measured at fair value, gains and losses are either recognised entirely in the statement of profit and loss (i.e. fair value through profit or loss or ‘FVTPL’), or recognised in other comprehensive income (i.e. fair value through other comprehensive income or ‘FVTOCI’).

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost (net of any write down for impairment) if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that represent solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

A financial asset is measured at FVTOCI if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that represents solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

All other financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss.

All equity investments are measured at fair value, with fair value changes recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for those equity investments for which the entity has elected to present fair value changes in other comprehensive income. However, dividend on such equity investments are recognised in statement of profit and loss when the Company’s right to receive payment is established.

Investment in associates, joint venture and subsidiaries

The Company accounts for its investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint venture, at cost less impairment loss except where investments is accounted for in accordance with Ind AS 105, Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations, when they are classified as held for sale.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company uses ‘Expected Credit Loss’ (ECL) model, for evaluating impairment of financial assets other than those measured at fair value through profit and loss. Expected credit losses are measured through a loss allowance at an amount equal to:

• The 12-months expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from those default events on the financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date); or

• Full lifetime expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the life of the financial instrument).

For trade receivables the Company applies a simplified approach under which loss allowance is recognised based on expected lifetime ECL losses to be recognised on each reporting date. The Company uses a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss experience adjusted for relevant forwardlooking factors . For other assets, the Company uses 12 month ECL to provide for impairment loss where there is no significant increase in credit risk. If there is significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition full lifetime ECL is used.

Derecognition

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire or it transfers the financial asset and the transfer qualifies for derecognition under Ind AS 109.

(ii) Financial liabilities:

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are measured at fair value on initial recognition. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issue of financial liabilities, which are not at fair value through profit or loss, are deducted from the fair value on initial recognition.

The Company’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, and derivative financial instruments.

Subsequent measurement

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or fair value through profit or loss (‘FVTPL’). A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held-for-trading, it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in profit or loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in profit or loss.

Financial guarantee contracts

A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the Company to make specified payment to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are initially measured at their fair values and, if not designated as at FVTPL, are subsequently measured at the higher of, the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount initially recognised less cumulative amount of income recognised.

Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

(iii) Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting:

The Company uses various derivative financial instruments to hedge foreign currency / price risk on unexecuted firm commitments and highly probable forecast transactions. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value and are subsequently remeasured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to statement of profit and loss, except for the effective portion of cash flow hedges, which is recognised in other comprehensive income and presented as a separate component of equity which is later reclassified to statement of profit and loss when the hedge item affects profit or loss.

(iv) Offsetting of financial instruments:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

The preparation of the Company’s standalone financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities within the next financial year.

Judgements

(i) Lease of assets not in legal form of lease

Significant judgment is required to apply lease accounting rules under Ind AS 116. In assessing the applicability to arrangements entered into by the Company, management has exercised judgment to evaluate the right to use the underlying assets, substance of the transaction including legally enforced arrangements and other significant terms and conditions of the arrangement to conclude whether the arrangements meet the criteria under Ind AS 116.

Estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below.

(i) Useful lives of property, plant and equipment

Management reviews useful lives of property, plant and equipment at least once a year. Such lives are dependent upon an assessment of both the technical lives of the assets and also their likely economic lives based on various internal and external factors. This reassessment may result in change in depreciation expected in future period.

(ii) Development costs

Development costs are recognised as an asset when all the criteria are met, whereas research costs are expensed as incurred. Management assesses and monitors whether the recognition requirements for development costs continue to be met. There is inherent uncertainty in the economic success of any product development. The Company uses judgement in assessment of development cost eligible for capitalisation.

(iii) Impairment of non-financial assets

In case of non-financial assets Company estimates asset’s recoverable amount, which is higher of an asset’s or cash generating units (CGU’s) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

(iv) Impairment of financial assets

The impairment provisions for financial assets are based on assumptions about risk of default and expected loss rates. The Company uses judgement in making these assumptions and selecting the inputs to the impairment calculation, based on Company’s past history, existing market conditions as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting period.

(v) Income taxes

Deferred tax assets for unused tax losses are recognised only when it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the losses can be utilised. Significant management judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits.

(vi) Defined benefit obligation

In accounting for post-retirement benefits, actuarial method uses several statistical and other factors to anticipate future events that are used to calculate defined benefit obligation. These factors include expected return on plan assets, discount rate assumptions and rate of future compensation increases. To estimate these factors, actuarial consultants also use estimates such as withdrawal, turnover, and mortality rates which require significant judgment. The actuarial assumptions used by the Company may differ materially from actual results in future periods due to changing market and economic conditions, regulatory events, judicial rulings, higher or lower withdrawal rates, or longer or shorter participant life spans.

(vii) Revenue from contract with customers

The Company estimates variable considerations in the nature of volume rebates, discounts, performance bonuses, penalties and similar items and adjusts the transaction price for the sale of goods and services. These expected variable considerations are analysed either at customer or contracts basis against agreed terms with customers and may differ from actual results.

(viii) Contingencies

In the normal course of business, contingent liabilities may arise from litigation and other claims against the Company. Potential liabilities that are possible but not probable of crystallising or are very difficult to quantify reliably are treated as contingent liabilities. Such liabilities are disclosed in notes but are not recognised, The cases which have been determined as remote by the Company are not disclosed.


Mar 31, 2018

1.1 Property, plant and equipment:

Property, plant and equipment are stated at original cost net of tax/duty credit availed, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises the purchase price and directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the property, plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company derecognises the replaced part, and recognises the new part with its own associated useful life and it is depreciated accordingly. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of property, plant and equipment is added to its book value only if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the statement of profit and loss as incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of the asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

The cost of a self-constructed item of property, plant and equipment comprises the cost of materials and direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the item to working condition for its intended use, and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

Capital work-in-progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment under installation / under development as at the balance sheet date and stated at cost, net of accumulated impairment loss, if any.

Capital expenditure on tangible assets for research and development is classified under property, plant and equipment and is depreciated on the same basis as other property, plant and equipment.

Property, plant and equipment are eliminated from financial statement, either on disposal or when retired from active use. Losses arising in case of retirement of property, plant and equipment and gains or losses arising from disposal of property, plant and equipment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the year of occurrence.

The assets residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Depreciation on the property, plant and equipment is provided on straight-line method over the useful life of assets as specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 which is in line with the management’s estimate of the useful life of the assets. On property, plant and equipment which are added / disposed off during the year, depreciation is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the month of addition / deletion. However, in case of the following category of property, plant and equipment, the depreciation has been provided based on the technical evaluation of the remaining useful life which is different from the one specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

The range of useful lives of the property, plant and equipment are as follows:

- Plant and machinery - 1 to 21 years (Maximum)

- Furniture and fixtures - 1 to 15 years (Maximum)

- Office equipments - 1 to 15 years

- Buildings - 3 to 60 years

- Vehicles - 1 to 8 years

- Leasehold land - 24 to 999 years

Leased assets

Leasehold lands are amortised over the period of lease. Buildings constructed on leasehold land are depreciated based on the useful life specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, where the lease period of land is beyond the useful life ofthe building.

In other cases, buildings constructed on leasehold lands are amortised over the primary lease period of the lands.

1.2 Intangible assets:

Intangible assets are recognised when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the Company and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably. Intangible assets acquired are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and the related expenditure is reflected in the Statement of profit and loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.

Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

Research and development cost:

- Research cost:

Revenue expenditure on research is expensed under the respective heads of accounts in the period in which it is incurred.

- Development cost:

Development expenditure on new product is capitalised as intangible asset, if all of the following criteria can be demonstrated:

(i) The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale;

(ii) The Company has intention to complete the development of intangible asset and use or sell it;

(iii) The Company has ability to use or sell the intangible asset;

(iv) The manner in which the probable future economic benefit will be generated including the existence of a market for output of the intangible asset or the intangible asset itself or if it is to be used internally, the usefulness of the intangible asset;

(v) The availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset; and

(vi) The Company has ability to measure the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during the development reliably.

Development costs on the intangible assets, fulfilling the criteria are amortised over a period of five years, otherwise are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired.

Intangible assets are amortised as follows:

(1) Specialised software Over a period of five to six years;

(2) Technical know-how Over a period of five years (from the date of availability for its use); and

(3) Commercial rights Over a period of ten years.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives, if any are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

1.3 Impairment of non-financial assets:

As at each balance sheet date, the Company assesses whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired and also whether there is an indication of reversal of impairment loss recognised in the previous periods. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, if any, the Company determines the recoverable amount and impairment loss is recognised when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount.

Recoverable amount is determined:

- In the case of an individual asset, at the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value in use; and

- In the case of cash generating unit (a group of assets that generates identified, independent cash flows), at the higher of the cash generating unit’s fair value less cost to sell and the value in use.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company’s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.

Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation taken to Other Comprehensive Income (the ‘OCI’), if any. For such properties, the impairment is recognised in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation.

1.4 Inventories:

Inventories are carried in the balance sheet as follows:

(a) Raw materials, packing materials, construction materials, : At lower of cost, on weighted average basis and net realisable stores and spares value.

(b) Work-in-progress - Manufacturing : At lower of cost of material, plus appropriate production overheads and net realisable value.

(c) Finished goods - Manufacturing : At lower of cost of materials plus appropriate production overheads, including excise duty paid / payable on such goods and net realisable value.

(d) Finished goods - Trading : At lower of cost, on weighted average basis and net realisable value.

The cost of inventories have been computed to include all cost of purchases, cost of conversion and other related costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Slow and non-moving material, obsolesces, defective inventories are duly provided for and valued at net realisable value. Goods and materials in transit are valued at actual cost incurred upto the date of balance sheet. Materials and supplies held for use in the production of inventories are not written down if the finished products in which they will be used are expected to be sold at or above cost.

1.5 Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company’s cash management.

1.6 Foreign currency transactions:

The Company’s financial statements are presented in INR, which is also the Company’s functional currency.

Foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in the functional currency, using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. At each balance sheet date, foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing exchange rate. Exchange differences that arise on settlement of monetary items or on reporting at each balance sheet date of the Company’s monetary items at the closing rate are recognised as income or expenses in the period in which they arise. Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items is recognised in line with the gain or loss of the item that gave rise to the translation difference (i.e. translation differences on items whose gain or loss is recognised in other comprehensive income or the statement of profit and loss is also recognised in other comprehensive income or the statement of profit and loss respectively).

1.7 Service concession arrangements:

The Company constructs or upgrades infrastructure (construction or upgrade services) used to provide a public service and operates and maintains that infrastructure (operation services) for a specified period of time.

These arrangements may include infrastructure used in a public-to-private service concession arrangement for its entire useful life.

Under Appendix A to Ind AS 11 - Service Concession Arrangements, these arrangements are accounted for based on the nature of the consideration. The intangible asset model is used to the extent that the Company receives a right (i.e. a franchisee) to charge users of the public service. The financial asset model is used when the Company has an unconditional contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset from or at the direction of the grantor for the construction services. When the unconditional right to receive cash covers only part of the service, the two models are combined to account separately for each component. If the Company performs more than one service (i.e., construction or upgrade services and operation services) under a single contract or arrangement, consideration received or receivable is allocated by reference to the relative fair values of the services delivered, when the amounts are separately identifiable.

The Company manages concession arrangements which include constructing power distribution assets for distribution of electricity. The Company maintains and services the infrastructure during the concession period. These concession arrangements set out rights and obligations related to the infrastructure and the service to be provided.

The right to consideration gives rise to an intangible asset and financial receivable and accordingly, both the intangible asset and financial receivable models are applied. Income from the concession arrangements earned under the intangible asset model consists of the (i) fair value of contract revenue, which is deemed to be fair value of consideration transferred to acquire the asset; and (ii) payments actually received from the users. The intangible asset is amortized over its expected useful life in a way that reflects the pattern in which the asset’s economic benefits are consumed by the Company, starting from the date when the right to operate starts to be used. Based on these principles, the intangible asset is amortized in line with the actual usage of the specific public facility, with a maximum of the duration of the concession.

Financial receivable is recorded at a fair value of guaranteed residual value to be received at the end of the concession period. This receivable is subsequently measured at amortised cost.

Any asset carried under concession arrangements is derecognised on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its future use or disposal or when the contractual rights to the financial asset expire.

1.8 Revenue recognition:

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised, when all significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer, as per the terms of the contracts, the amount can be measured reliably and it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company. Further, revenue is recognised only if the Company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold, and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably. Revenue also includes excise duty and price variations based on the contractual agreements and excludes value added tax / sales tax / goods and services tax. It is measured at fair value of consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade discount, cash discount and volume rebates.

Rendering of services

Revenue from sale of services is recognised as per the terms of the contract with customers based on stage of completion when the outcome of the transactions involving rendering of services can be estimated reliably. Percentage of completion method requires the Company to estimate the services performed to date as a proportion of the total services to be performed.

Revenue from construction contracts

Revenue from construction contracts is recognised by applying percentage of completion method after providing for foreseeable losses, if any. Percentage of completion is determined as a proportion of the cost incurred up to the reporting date to the total estimated cost to complete. Foreseeable losses, if any, on the contracts is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is foreseen, irrespective of the stage of completion of the contract. While determining the amount of foreseeable loss, all elements of cost and related incidental income which is not included in contract revenue is taken into consideration. Contract is reflected at cost that are expected to be recoverable till such time the outcome of the contract cannot be ascertained reliably and at realisable value thereafter. Claims are accounted as income in the year of acceptance by customer.

Dividend income

Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive the same is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

Lease income

Lease agreements where the risks and rewards incidental to the ownership of an asset substantially vest with the lessor are recognised as operating leases. Lease rentals are recognised in the statement of profit and loss on straight-line basis over the term of the lease unless the payments to the lessor are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increases.

Interest income

For all financial instruments measured at amortised cost, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR), which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset. Interest income is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss.

1.9 Employee benefits:

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months after the end of the reporting period in which the employees render the related services, are classified as short term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences, performance incentives etc. and the expected cost of bonus, ex-gratia are recognised during the period in which the employee renders related service.

Payments to defined contribution retirement plans are recognised as an expense when employees have rendered the service entitling them to the contribution.

Provident Fund

The Company makes contribution to Crompton Greaves Limited Provident Fund towards provident fund which is administered by the trustees. The Rules of the Company’s Provident Fund administered by a trust, require that if the Board of the Trustees are unable to pay interest at the rate declared by the Government under Para 60 of the Employees Provident Fund Scheme, 1972 for the reason that the return on investment is less for any other reason, then the deficiency shall be made good by the Company making interest shortfall a defined benefit plan. Accordingly, the Company obtains actuarial valuation and based on the valuation if there is no deficiency as at the balance sheet date then, the liability is restricted towards monthly contributions only.

The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined using the projected unit credit method with actuarial valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date, which recognises each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measure each unit separately to build up the final obligation.

Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling and the return on plan assets, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability / (asset) are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to the statement of profit and loss in subsequent periods. Past service cost is recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period of plan amendment.

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset.

The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation under employee benefit expenses in the statement of profit and loss.

- Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements.

- Net interest expense or income.

Gratuity

The cost of providing benefit under gratuity plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the reporting date. The scheme is funded with the Gratuity Trust. Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses are recognized in full in the statement of other comprehensive income in the reporting period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit and loss subsequently.

Leave encashment

Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next twelve months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the reporting date. Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses are recognized in full in the statement of profit and loss.

Termination benefits

Termination benefits are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

1.10 Borrowing costs:

Borrowing cost consists of interest and other costs that the Company incurs in connection with borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction, or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as a part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily requires a substantial period of time (generally over twelve months) to get ready for its intended use or sale. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

All other borrowing costs are recognised as expense in the period in which they are incurred.

1.11 Segment accounting:

The Chief Operational Decision Maker monitors the operating results of its Business Segments separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on the profit or loss and is measured consistently with profit or loss in the financial statements.

The Operating segments have been identified on the basis of the nature of products / services.

1. Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly identifiable with / allocable to the segment including inter-segment revenue.

2. Expenses that are directly identifiable with / allocable to segments are considered for determining the segment result. Expenses which relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments are included under unallocable expenditure.

3. Income which relates to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments is included in unallocable income.

4. Segment result includes margins on inter-segment sales which are reduced in arriving at the profit before tax of the Company.

5. Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable with the respective segments. Unallocable assets and liabilities represent the assets and liabilities that relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to any segment.

Inter-Segment transfer pricing:

Segment revenue resulting from transactions with other business segments is accounted on the basis of transfer price agreed between the segments. Such transfer prices are either determined to yield a desired margin or agreed on a negotiated basis.

1.12 Leases:

The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception date, whether fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets or the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

Finance leases that transfer substantially all of the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalised at the commencement of the lease at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and a reduction in the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognised in finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

A leased asset is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, an asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.

Assets acquired on leases where a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by lessor are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals are charged to the statement of profit and loss on straight-line basis over the term of the lease unless such payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increases.

1.13 Earnings per share:

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the reporting period is adjusted for events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a rights issue, share split, and reverse share split (consolidation of shares), if any occurred during the reporting period, that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit for the year attributable to the equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year, are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

The number of shares and potential dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for any bonus shares issues including for changes effected prior to the approval of the financial statements by the Board of Directors.

1.14 Taxes on income:

Current tax

1. Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis on estimated taxable income and tax credits computed in accordance with the provisions of the relevant tax laws and based on the expected outcome of assessments / appeals.

2. Current income tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside the statement of profit and loss is recognised outside the statement of profit and loss. Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and levied by same taxation authority.

The break-up of the major components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities as at balance sheet date has been arrived at after setting off deferred tax assets and liabilities where the Company have a legally enforceable right to set-off assets against liabilities and where such assets and liabilities relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing taxation laws.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) credit is recognized as deferred tax asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period. Such asset is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and the carrying amount is written down to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

1.15 Provisions, Contingent liabilities, Contingent assets and Commitments:

General

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

Contingent liability is disclosed in the case of:

- a present obligation arising from past events, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation;

- a present obligation arising from past events, when no reliable estimate is possible; and

- a possible obligation arising from past events, whose occurrence is not yet certain and is based on one or more future event unless the probability of outflow of resources is remote.

Commitments include the amount of purchase order (net of advances) issued to parties for completion / purchase of assets.

Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and commitments are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect current best estimates.

Warranty provisions

Provisions for warranty-related costs are recognised when the product is sold or service provided to the customer. Initial recognition is based on historical experience. The initial estimate of warranty-related costs is revised annually.

Liquidated damages

Provision for liquidated damages is recognised on contracts for which delivery dates are exceeded and computed in reasonable manner.

Other litigation claims

Provision for litigation related obligation represents liabilities that are expected to materialise in respect of matters in appeal.

Onerous contracts

A provision for onerous contracts is recognised when expected benefits to be derived by the Company are lower than unavoidable costs of meeting future obligation under contract. Provision is measured at the present value of the lower expected costs of terminating the contract and the expected cost of continuing with the contract. Before a provision is established, the Company recognises impairment on the assets pertaining to the contract.

1.16 Exceptional items:

On certain occasions, the size, type or incidence of an item of income or expense, pertaining to the ordinary activities of the Company is such that its disclosure improves the understanding of the performance of the Company, such income or expense is classified as an exceptional item and accordingly, disclosed in the notes accompanying the financial statements.

1.17 Current and non-current classification:

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current / non-current classification.

An asset is treated as current when it is:

- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle,

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading,

- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period,or

- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is treated as current when:

- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle,

- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading,

- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period,or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

Deferred tax assets / liabilities are classified as non-current.

Operating cycle:

A portion of the Company activities (primarily long-term project activities) has an operating cycle that exceeds one year. Accordingly, assets and liabilities related to these long-term contracts, which will not be realised / paid within one year, have been classified as current. For all other activities, operating cycle is twelve months.

1.18 Fair value measurement:

The Company measures financial instruments such as derivatives and certain investments, at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

- In the principal market for the asset or liability,

Or

- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

- Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

- Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

- Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the balance sheet on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

External valuation is used for valuation of unquoted financial assets. Involvement of external valuer is decided upon annually by the management. Selection criteria include market knowledge, reputation, independence and whether professional standards are maintained. The management decides, after discussions with the Company external valuer, which valuation techniques and inputs to use for each case.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the assets or liability and the level of fair value hierarchy as explained above.

1.19 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations:

Non-current assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification.

Discontinued operations are excluded from the results of continuing operations and are presented as a single amount as profit or loss after tax from discontinued operations in the statement of profit and loss. Also comparative Statement of profit and loss is re-presented as if the operation had been discontinued from the start of the comparative period.

Assets and liabilities classified as held for disposal are presented separately from other assets and liabilities in the balance sheet.

A disposal group qualifies as discontinued operation if it is a component of the Company that either has been disposed of, or is classified as held for sale, and:

- represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations,

- is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations,

Or

- is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale.

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets once classified as held for sale are not depreciated or amortized.

1.20 Financial instruments:

(i) Financial assets:

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.

Financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as financial assets measured at fair value or as financial assets measured at amortised cost.

Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement financial assets are classified in two broad categories:

- Financial assets at fair value

- Financial assets at amortised cost

Where assets are measured at fair value, gains and losses are either recognised entirely in the statement of profit and loss (i.e. fair value through profit or loss), or recognised in other comprehensive income (i.e. fair value through other comprehensive income).

A financial asset that meets the following two conditions is measured at amortised cost (net of any write down for impairment) unless the asset is designated at fair value through profit or loss under the fair value option.

- Business model test: The objective of the Company’s business model is to hold the financial asset to collect the contractual cash flows (rather than to sell the instrument prior to its contractual maturity to realise its fair value changes).

- Cash flow characteristics test: The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

A financial asset that meets the following two conditions is measured at fair value through other comprehensive income unless the asset is designated at fair value through profit or loss under the fair value option.

- Business model test: The financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets.

- Cash flow characteristics test: The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Even if an instrument meets the two requirements to be measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, a financial asset is measured at fair value through profit or loss if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency (sometimes referred to as an ‘accounting mismatch’) that would otherwise arise from measuring assets or liabilities or recognising the gains and losses on them on different bases.

All other financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss.

All equity investments are measured at fair value in the balance sheet, with value changes recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for those equity investments for which the entity has elected to present value changes in ‘other comprehensive income’.

If an equity investment is not held for trading, an irrevocable election is made at initial recognition to measure it at fair value through other comprehensive income with only dividend income recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company’s balance sheet) when:

- The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

- The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through’ arrangement and either;

(a) The Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or

(b) The Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

Investment in associates, joint venture and subsidiaries

The Company has accounted for its investment in subsidiaries, joint venture and associates, at cost as per Ind AS 27, except where investments accounted for at cost shall be accounted for in accordance with Ind AS 105, Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations, when they are classified as held for sale.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company assesses impairment based on expected credit losses (ECL) model to the following:

- Financial assets measured at amortised cost; and

- Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI).

Expected credit losses are measured through a loss allowance at an amount equal to:

- The 12-month expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from those default events on the financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date); or

- Full lifetime expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the life of the financial instrument).

The Company follows ‘simplified approach’ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on:

- Trade receivables or contract revenue receivables; and

- All lease receivables.

Under the simplified approach, the Company does not track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

The Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on the portfolio of trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivable and is adjusted for forward looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the Company reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

For assessing increase in credit risk and impairment loss, the Company combines financial instruments on the basis of shared credit risk characteristics with the objective of facilitating an analysis that is designed to enable significant increases in credit risk to be identified on a timely basis.

(ii) Financial liabilities:

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, and derivative financial instruments.

Subsequent measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied.

Loans and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial guarantee contracts

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognised initially as a liability at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative amortisation. Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

(iii) Offsetting of financial instruments:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

(iv) Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting:

The Company enters into derivative contracts to hedge foreign currency / price risk on unexecuted firm commitments and highly probable forecast transactions. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to statement of profit and loss, except for the effective portion of cash flow hedges, which is recognised in other comprehensive income and presented as a separate component of equity which is later reclassified to statement of profit and loss when the hedge item affects profit or loss.

1.21 Business combinations under common control:

Common control business combinations include transactions, such as transfer of subsidiaries or businesses, between entities within a Company.

Business combinations involving entities or businesses under common control are accounted for using the pooling of interests method. Under pooling of interest method, the assets and liabilities of the combining entities are reflected at their carrying amounts, the only adjustments that are made are to harmonise accounting policies.

The financial information in the financial statements in respect of prior periods are restated as if the business combination had occurred from the beginning of the preceding period in the financial statements, irrespective of the actual date of the combination. However, if business combination had occurred after that date, the prior period information is restated only from that date.

The difference, if any, between the amount recorded as share capital issued plus any additional consideration in the form of cash or other assets and the amount of share capital of the transferor is transferred to capital reserve and presented separately from other capital reserves with disclosure of its nature and purpose in the notes.

The preparation of the Company’s financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

Judgements

Discontinued operations:

Power distribution business

In pursuant to the certain unresolved disputes arising out of the Distribution Franchisee Agreement (DFA) of the Company with Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited (MSEDCL) at Jalgoan in Maharashtra, MSEDCL has exercised its step in rights and taken over the Distribution Franchisee in Jalgoan from the Company with effect from 12th August, 2015. The operations were terminated with immediate effect and the final claim settlement between the Company and MSEDCL is in progress. The Company has classified the Power distribution segment as held for disposal from 12th August, 2015 for the following reasons:

- Power distribution segment represents a separate major line of business of operations

- The operations were abandoned with immediate effect from 12th August, 2015 and hence the carrying amount will not be recovered principally through continuing use.

Automation business

In pursuance to the discontinuance of the Automation business unit, the Board considered the Automation business unit to meet the criteria to be classified as held for distribution at that date for the following reasons:

- The actions to complete the distribution were initiated and the business was sold during the year ended 31st March, 2017,

- Automation business represents a separate major line of business of operations.

Lease of equipment not in legal form of lease

Significant judgment is required to apply lease accounting rules under Appendix C to Ind AS 17: determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease. In assessing the applicability to arrangements entered into by the Company, management has exercised judgment to evaluate the right to use the underlying assets, substance of the transaction including legally enforced arrangements and other significant terms and conditions of the arrangement to conclude whether the arrangements meet the criteria under Appendix C to Ind AS 17.

Estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or CGU’s fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. It is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded subsidiaries or other available fair value indicators.

Taxes

Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the losses can be utilised. Significant management judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.

Defined benefit plans

The cost of the defined benefit plan and other post-employment benefits and the present value of such obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases, mortality rates and attrition rate. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate for plans operated in India, the management considers the interest rates of government bonds in currencies consistent with the currencies of the post-employment benefit obligation. The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. Those mortality tables tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases and gratuity increases are based on expected future inflation rates.

Fair value measurement of financial instruments

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.

Development costs

The Company capitalises development costs for a project in accordance with the accounting policy. Initial capitalisation of costs is based on management’s judgement that technological and economic feasibility is confirmed, usually when a product development project has reached a defined milestone according to an established project management model. In determining the amounts to be capitalised, management makes assumptions regarding the expected future cash generation of the project, discount rates to be applied and the expected period of benefits.

Impairment of financial assets

The impairment provisions for financial assets are based on assumptions about risk of default and expected loss rates. The Company uses judgement in making these assumptions and selecting the inputs to the impairment calculation, based on Company’s past history, existing market conditions as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting period.


Mar 31, 2017

CG Power and Industrial Solutions Limited, formerly known as Crompton Greaves Limited (the ‘Company’) is a limited company incorporated and domiciled in India whose shares are publicly traded. The registered office is located at 6th Floor, CG house, Dr. Annie Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai - 400 030, India. The Company has changed its name from Crompton Greaves Limited to CG Power and Industrial Solutions Limited w.e.f. 27th February, 2017.

The Company is a global enterprise providing end-to-end solutions to utilities, industries and consumers for the management and application of efficient and sustainable electrical energy. It offers products, services and solutions in three main business segments, viz. Power Systems, Industrial Systems and Automation Systems for the year ended 31st March 2017.

The financial statements of the Company for the year ended 31st March, 2017 were authorized for issue in accordance with a resolution of the directors on 26th May, 2017.

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended from time to time by the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendment) Rules, 2016.

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value:

- Derivative financial instruments,

- Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments).

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (‘INR’) and all values are rounded to the nearest crore, except when otherwise indicated.

3.1 Property, plant and equipment:

Property, plant and equipment are stated at original cost net of tax / duty credit availed, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company derecognizes the replaced part, and recognizes the new part with its own associated useful life and it is depreciated accordingly. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in the statement of profit and loss as incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of the asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

Internally manufactured property, plant and equipment are capitalized at factory cost, including excise duty, wherever applicable.

Capital work-in-progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment under installation / under development as at the balance sheet date.

Capital expenditure on tangible assets for research and development is classified under property, plant and equipment and is depreciated on the same basis as other property, plant and equipment.

Property, plant and equipment are eliminated from financial statement, either on disposal or when retired from active use. Losses arising in case of retirement of property, plant and equipment and gains or losses arising from disposal of property, plant and equipment are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the year of occurrence.

The assets’ residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Depreciation on the property, plant and equipment is provided on straight-line method over the useful life of assets as specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 which is in line the management estimate of the useful life of the assets. On property, plant and equipment which are added / disposed off during the year, depreciation is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the month of addition / deletion. However, in case of the following category of property, plant and equipment, the depreciation has been provided based on the technical evaluation of the remaining useful life which is different from the one specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 based on the management estimate of useful life.

Leased assets

Leasehold lands are amortized over the period of lease. Buildings constructed on leasehold land are depreciated based on the useful life specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, where the lease period of land is beyond the useful life of the building.

In other cases, buildings constructed on leasehold lands are amortized over the primary lease period of the lands.

3.2 Investment properties:

Investment properties comprise portions of freehold land and office buildings that are held for long-term rental yields and / or for capital appreciation. Investment properties are initially recognized at cost. Subsequently investment property comprising of building is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.

The cost includes the cost of replacing parts and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of the investment property are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in profit and loss as incurred.

Depreciation on building is provided over the estimated useful lives as specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The residual values, useful lives and depreciation method of investment properties are reviewed, and adjusted on prospective basis as appropriate, at each balance sheet date. The effects of any revision are included in the statement of profit and loss when the changes arise.

Though the Company measures investment property using cost based measurement, the fair value of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair values are determined based on an annual evaluation performed by an accredited external independent valuer applying a valuation model recommended by the International Valuation Standards Committee.

Investment properties are derecognized when either they have been disposed of or when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from its disposal.

The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period of de-recognition.

3.3 Impairment of non-financial assets:

As at each balance sheet date, the Company assesses whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired and also whether there is an indication of reversal of impairment loss recognized in the previous periods. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, if any, the Company determines the recoverable amount and impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount.

Recoverable amount is determined:

- In the case of an individual asset, at the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value in use; and

- In the case of cash generating unit (a group of assets that generates identified, independent cash flows), at the higher of the cash generating unit’s fair value less cost to sell and the value in use.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company’s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.

Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognized in the Statement of profit and loss, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation taken to Other Comprehensive Income (the ‘OCI’), if any. For such properties, the impairment is recognized in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation.

3.4 Intangible assets:

Intangible assets are recognized when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the Company and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably.

Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and the related expenditure is reflected in the Statement profit and loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired.

Intangible assets are amortized as follows:

(1) Specialized software : Over period of five to six years;

(2) Technical know-how : Over period of five years from the date of availability for its use);

(3) Commercial rights : Over a period of ten years; and

(4) Concession rights : Over a period of ten years.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives, if any are not amortized, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

Research and development cost:

- Research cost:

Revenue expenditure on research is expensed under the respective heads of accounts in the period in which it is incurred.

- Development cost:

Development expenditure on new product is capitalized as intangible asset, if all of the following criteria can be demonstrated. Otherwise they are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

(i) The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale;

(ii) The Company has intention to complete the development of intangible asset and use or sell it;

(iii) The Company has ability to use or sell the intangible asset;

(iv) The manner in which the probable future economic benefit will be generated including the existence of a market for output of the intangible asset or the intangible asset itself or if it is to be used internally, the usefulness of the intangible asset;

(v) The availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset; and

(vi) The Company has ability to measure the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during the development reliably.

Development costs on the intangible assets, fulfilling the criteria are amortized over a period of five years, otherwise are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

3.5 Inventories:

Inventories are carried in the balance sheet as follows:

(a) Raw materials, packing materials, construction materials, : At lower of cost, on weighted average basis and net realizable stores and spares value.

(b) Work-in-progress - Manufacturing : At lower of cost of material, plus appropriate production overheads and net realizable value.

(c) Finished goods - Manufacturing : At lower of cost of materials plus appropriate production overheads, including excise duty paid / payable on such goods and net realizable value.

(d) Finished goods - Trading : At lower of cost, on weighted average basis and net realizable value.

The cost of inventories have been computed to include all cost of purchases, cost of conversion and other related costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Slow and non-moving material, obsolesces, defective inventories are duly provided for and valued at net realizable value. Goods and materials in transit are valued at actual cost incurred upto the date of balance sheet. Materials and supplies held for use in the production of inventories are not written down if the finished products in which they will be used are expected to be sold at or above cost.

3.6 Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and demand deposits with banks which are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

3.7 Foreign currency transactions:

The Company’s financial statements are presented in INR, which is also the Company’s functional currency.

Foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in the functional currency, using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. At each balance sheet date, foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing exchange rate. Exchange differences that arise on settlement of monetary items or on reporting at each balance sheet date of the Company’s monetary items at the closing rate are recognized as income or expenses in the period in which they arise. Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items is recognized in line with the gain or loss of the item that gave rise to the translation difference (i.e. translation differences on items whose gain or loss is recognized in other comprehensive income or the statement of profit and loss is also recognized in other comprehensive income or the statement of profit and loss respectively).

3.8 Service concession arrangements:

The Company constructs or upgrades infrastructure (construction or upgrade services) used to provide a public service and operates and maintains that infrastructure (operation services) for a specified period of time.

These arrangements may include infrastructure used in a public-to-private service concession arrangement for its entire useful life.

Under Appendix A to Ind AS 11 - Service Concession Arrangements, these arrangements are accounted for based on the nature of the consideration. The intangible asset model is used to the extent that the Company receives a right (i.e. a franchisee) to charge users of the public service. The financial asset model is used when the Company has an unconditional contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset from or at the direction of the grantor for the construction services. When the unconditional right to receive cash covers only part of the service, the two models are combined to account separately for each component. If the Company performs more than one service (i.e., construction or upgrade services and operation services) under a single contract or arrangement, consideration received or receivable is allocated by reference to the relative fair values of the services delivered, when the amounts are separately identifiable.

The Company manages concession arrangements which include constructing power distribution assets for distribution of electricity. The Company maintains and services the infrastructure during the concession period. These concession arrangements set out rights and obligations related to the infrastructure and the service to be provided.

The right to consideration gives rise to an intangible asset and financial receivable and accordingly, both the intangible asset and financial receivable models are applied. Income from the concession arrangements earned under the intangible asset model consists of the (i) fair value of contract revenue, which is deemed to be fair value of consideration transferred to acquire the asset; and (ii) payments actually received from the users. The intangible asset is amortized over its expected useful life in a way that reflects the pattern in which the asset’s economic benefits are consumed by the Company, starting from the date when the right to operate starts to be used. Based on these principles, the intangible asset is amortized in line with the actual usage of the specific public facility, with a maximum of the duration of the concession.

Financial receivable is recorded at a fair value of guaranteed residual value to be received at the end of the concession period. This receivable is subsequently measured at amortized cost.

Any asset carried under concession arrangements is derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its future use or disposal or when the contractual rights to the financial asset expire.

3.9 Revenue recognition:

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized, when all significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer, as per the terms of the contracts, the amount can be measured reliably and it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company. Further, revenue is recognized only if the Company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold, and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably. Revenue also includes excise duty and price variations based on the contractual agreements and excludes value added tax / sales tax. It is measured at fair value of consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade discount, cash discount and volume rebates.

Rendering of services

Revenue from sale of services is recognized as per the terms of the contract with customers based on stage of completion when the outcome of the transactions involving rendering of services can be estimated reliably. Percentage of completion method requires the Company to estimate the services performed to date as a proportion of the total services to be performed.

Revenue from construction contracts

Revenue from construction contracts is recognized by applying percentage of completion method after providing for foreseeable losses, if any. Percentage of completion is determined as a proportion of the cost incurred up to the reporting date to the total estimated cost to complete. Foreseeable losses, if any, on the contracts is recognized as an expense in the period in which it is foreseen, irrespective of the stage of completion of the contract. While determining the amount of foreseeable loss, all elements of cost and related incidental income which is not included in contract revenue is taken into consideration. Contract is reflected at cost that are expected to be recoverable till such time the outcome of the contract cannot be ascertained reliably and at realisable value thereafter. Claims are accounted as income in the year of acceptance by customer.

Power distribution

Revenue from power distribution business is accounted on the basis of billings to the customers and includes unbilled revenues accrued up to the end of accounting year. Customers are billed as per the tariff rates issued by Electricity Regulatory Commission. Interest is accounted on accrual basis on overdue bills.

Dividend income

Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive the same is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

Lease income

Lease agreements where the risks and rewards incidental to the ownership of an asset substantially vest with the less or are recognized as operating leases. Lease rentals are recognized in the statement of profit and loss on straight-line basis over the term of the lease unless the payments to the less or are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the less or’s expected inflationary cost increases.

Interest income

For all financial instruments measured at amortized cost, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR), which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset. Interest income is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss.

3.10 Employee benefits:

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months after the end of the annual reporting period in which the employees render the related services, are classified as short term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences, performance incentives etc. and the expected cost of bonus, ex-gratia are recognized during the period in which the employee renders related service.

Payments to defined contribution retirement plans are recognized as an expense when employees have rendered the service entitling them to the contribution.

The Company makes contribution towards provident fund which is administered by the trustees. The Rules of the Company’s Provident Fund administered by a trust, require that if the Board of the Trustees are unable to pay interest at the rate declared by the Government under Para 60 of the Employees Provident Fund Scheme, 1972 for the reason that the return on investment is less for any other reason, then the deficiency shall be made good by the Company making interest shortfall a defined benefit plan. Accordingly, the Company obtains actuarial valuation and based on the valuation if there is no deficiency as at the balance sheet date then, the liability is restricted towards monthly contributions only.

The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined using the projected unit credit method with actuarial valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date, which recognizes each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measure each unit separately to build up the final obligation.

Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling and the return on plan assets, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability / (asset) are recognized immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to the statement of profit and loss in subsequent periods. Past service cost is recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period of plan amendment. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset.

The Company recognizes the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation under employee benefit expenses in the statement of profit and loss.

- Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements.

- Net interest expense or income.

Long-term employee benefits

Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognized as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date. Termination benefits

Termination benefits are recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

3.11 Borrowing costs:

a) Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction, or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized as a part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily requires a substantial period of time (generally over twelve months) to get ready for its intended use or sale.

b) All other borrowing costs are recognized as expense in the period in which they are incurred.

3.12 Segment accounting:

The Chief Operational Decision Maker monitors the operating results of its business Segments separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on profit or loss and is measured consistently with profit or loss in the financial statements.

The Operating segments have been identified on the basis of the nature of products / services.

1. Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly identifiable with / allocable to the segment including inter-segment revenue.

2. Expenses that are directly identifiable with / allocable to segments are considered for determining the segment result. Expenses which relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments are included under unallowable expenditure.

3. Income which relates to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments is included in unallowable income.

4. Segment result includes margins on inter-segment sales which are reduced in arriving at the profit before tax of the Company.

5. Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable with the respective segments. Unallowable assets and liabilities represent the assets and liabilities that relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to any segment.

Inter-Segment transfer pricing:

Segment revenue resulting from transactions with other business segments is accounted on the basis of transfer price agreed between the segments. Such transfer prices are either determined to yield a desired margin or agreed on a negotiated basis.

3.13 Leases:

The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception date, whether fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets or the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

Finance leases that transfer substantially all of the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalized at the commencement of the lease at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and a reduction in the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognized in finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

A leased asset is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.

Assets acquired on leases where a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by less or are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals are charged to the statement of profit and loss on straight line basis over the term of the lease unless such payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the less or’s expected inflationary cost increases.

3.14 Earnings per share:

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit from continuing operations, discontinued operations and total profit, attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

3.15 Taxes on income:

1. Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis on estimated taxable income and tax credits computed in accordance with the provisions of the relevant tax laws and based on the expected outcome of assessments / appeals.

2. Current income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognized outside the statement of profit and loss is recognized outside the statement of profit and loss. Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current income tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

The break-up of the major components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities as at balance sheet date has been arrived at after setting off deferred tax assets and liabilities where the Company have a legally enforceable right to set-off assets against liabilities and where such assets and liabilities relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing taxation laws.

3.16 Provisions, Contingent liabilities, Contingent assets and Commitments:

General

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.

Contingent liability is disclosed in the case of:

- A present obligation arising from past events, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation;

- A present obligation arising from past events, when no reliable estimate is possible; and

- A possible obligation arising from past events, unless the probability of outflow of resources is remote.

Commitments include the amount of purchase order (net of advances) issued to parties for completion / purchase of assets.

Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and commitments are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

Warranty provisions

Provisions for warranty-related costs are recognized when the product is sold or service provided to the customer. Initial recognition is based on historical experience. The initial estimate of warranty-related costs is revised annually.

Liquidated damages

Provision for liquidated damages are recognized on contracts for which delivery dates are exceeded and computed in reasonable manner.

Other litigation claims

Provision for litigation related obligation represents liabilities that are expected to materialize in respect of matters in appeal.

Onerous contracts

A provision for onerous contracts is measured at the present value of the lower expected costs of terminating the contract and the expected cost of continuing with the contract. Before a provision is established, the Company recognizes impairment on the assets pertaining to the contract.

3.17 Exceptional items:

On certain occasions, the size, type or incidence of an item of income or expense, pertaining to the ordinary activities of the Company is such that its disclosure improves the understanding of the performance of the Company, such income or expense is classified as an exceptional item and accordingly, disclosed in the notes accompanying to the financial statements.

3.18 Current and non-current classification:

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current / non-current classification.

An asset is current when it is:

- Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle,

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading,

- Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period,

Or

- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle,

- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading,

- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period,

Or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

Deferred tax assets / liabilities are classified as non-current.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

3.19 Fair value measurement:

The Company measures financial instruments such as derivatives and certain investments, at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

- In the principal market for the asset or liability, Or

- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fairvalue, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

- Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

- Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

- Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the balance sheet on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

3.20 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations:

Non-current assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification.

Discontinued operations are excluded from the results of continuing operations and are presented as a single amount as profit or loss after tax from discontinued operations in the statement of profit and loss. Also comparative Statement of profit and loss is re-presented as if the operation had been discontinued from the start of the comparative period.

Assets and liabilities classified as held for disposal are presented separately from other assets and liabilities in the balance sheet.

A disposal group qualifies as discontinued operation if it is a component of the Company that either has been disposed of, or is classified as held for sale, and:

- Represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations,

- Is part of a single co-ordinate plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations,

Or

- Isa subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale.

The Company does not depreciate (or amortize) a non-current asset while it is classified as held for sale or while it is part of a disposal group classified as held for sale.

3.21 Financial instruments:

(i) Financial assets:

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.

Financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as financial assets measured at fair value or as financial assets measured at amortized cost.

Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement financial assets are classified in two broad categories:

- Financial assets at fair value

- Financial assets at amortized cost

Where assets are measured at fair value, gains and losses are either recognized entirely in the statement of profit and loss (i.e. fair value through profit or loss), or recognized in other comprehensive income (i.e. fair value through other comprehensive income).

A financial asset that meets the following two conditions is measured at amortized cost (net of any write down for impairment) unless the asset is designated at fair value through profit or loss under the fair value option.

- Business model test: The objective of the Company’s business model is to hold the financial asset to collect the contractual cash flows (rather than to sell the instrument prior to its contractual maturity to realize its fair value changes).

- Cash flow characteristics test: The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

A financial asset that meets the following two conditions is measured at fair value through other comprehensive income unless the asset is designated at fair value through profit or loss under the fair value option.

- Business model test: The financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets.

- Cash flow characteristics test: The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Even if an instrument meets the two requirements to be measured at amortized cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, a financial asset is measured at fair value through profit or loss if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency (sometimes referred to as an ‘accounting mismatch’) that would otherwise arise from measuring assets or liabilities or recognizing the gains and losses on them on different bases.

All other financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss.

All equity investments are measured at fair value in the balance sheet, with value changes recognized in the statement of profit and loss, except for those equity investments for which the entity has elected to present value changes in ‘other comprehensive income’.

If an equity investment is not held for trading, an irrevocable election is made at initial recognition to measure it at fair value through other comprehensive income with only dividend income recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognized (i.e. removed from the Company’s balance sheet) when:

- The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

- The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through’ arrangement and either;

(a) The Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or

(b) The Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognize the transferred asset to the extent of the Company’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognizes an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

Investment in associates, joint venture and subsidiaries

The Company has accounted for its investment in subsidiaries, joint venture and associates, at cost.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company assesses impairment based on expected credit losses (ECL) model to the following:

- Financial assets measured at amortized cost; and

- Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI).

Expected credit losses are measured through a loss allowance at an amount equal to:

- The 12-month expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from those default events on the financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date); or

- Full lifetime expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the life of the financial instrument).

The Company follows ‘simplified approach’ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on:

- Trade receivables or contract revenue receivables; and

- All lease receivables

Under the simplified approach, the Company does not track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

The Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on the portfolio of trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivable and is adjusted for forward looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analyzed.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the Company reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

For assessing increase in credit risk and impairment loss, the Company combines financial instruments on the basis of shared credit risk characteristics with the objective of facilitating an analysis that is designed to enable significant increases in credit risk to be identified on a timely basis.

(ii) Financial liabilities:

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, and derivative financial instruments.

Subsequent measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied.

Loans and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR amortization process.

Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial guarantee contracts

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognized initially as a liability at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognized less cumulative amortization.

Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

(iii) Offsetting of financial instruments:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

(iv) Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting:

The Company enters into derivative contracts to hedge foreign currency / price risk on unexecuted firm commitments and highly probable forecast transactions. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently premeasured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to statement of profit and loss, except for the effective portion of cash flow hedges, which is recognized in other comprehensive income and presented as a separate component of equity which is later reclassified to statement of profit and loss when the hedge item affects profit or loss.

3.22 Business combinations under common control:

Common control business combinations include transactions, such as transfer of subsidiaries or businesses, between entities within a Company.

Business combinations involving entities or businesses under common control are accounted for using the pooling of interests method. Under pooling of interest method, the assets and liabilities of the combining entities are reflected at their carrying amounts, the only adjustments that are made are to harmonies accounting policies.

The financial information in the financial statements in respect of prior periods are restated as if the business combination had occurred from the beginning of the preceding period in the financial statements, irrespective of the actual date of the combination. However, if business combination had occurred after that date, the prior period information is restated only from that date.

The difference, if any, between the amount recorded as share capital issued plus any additional consideration in the form of cash or other assets and the amount of share capital of the transferor is transferred to capital reserve and presented separately from other capital reserves with disclosure of its nature and purpose in the notes.

The preparation of the Company’s financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

Judgments

Service concession arrangements:

Management has assessed applicability of Appendix A of Ind AS 11: Service Concession Arrangements to power distribution arrangements entered into by the Company. In assessing the applicability, management has exercised significant judgment in relation to the underlying ownership of the assets, terms of the power distribution arrangements entered with the grantor, ability to determine prices, fair value of construction service, assessment of right to guaranteed cash etc. Based on detailed evaluation, management has determined that this arrangement meet the criteria for recognition as service concession arrangements.

Discontinued operations:

Consumer products segment

In pursuance to the demerger of the Consumer products business unit, the Board considered the consumer products business unit to meet the criteria to be classified as held for distribution at that date for the following reasons:

- The actions to complete the distribution were initiated and expected to be completed within one year from the date of commitment to demerger the business i.e.19th February, 2015,

- Consumer product represents a separate major line of business of operations,

- The shareholders approved the distribution in August 2015, and

- The Scheme of demerger was approved by the Honorable High court judicature at Bombay, 20th November, 2015 (the Appointed date). Power distribution business

In pursuant to the certain unresolved disputes arising out of the Distribution Franchisee Agreement (DFA) of the Company with Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited (MSEDCL) at Jalgoan in Maharashtra, MSEDCL has exercised its step in rights and taken over the Distribution Franchisee in Jalgoan from the Company with effect from 12th August, 2015. The operations were terminated with immediate effect and the final claim settlement between the Company and MSEDCL is in progress. The Company have classified the Power distribution segment as held for disposal from 12th August, 2015 for the following reasons:

- Power distribution segment represents a separate major line of business of operations

- The operations were abandoned with immediate effect from 12th August, 2015 and hence the carrying amount will not be recovered principally through continuing use.

Automation business

In pursuance to the discontinuance of the Automation business unit, the Board considered the Automation business unit to meet the criteria to be classified as held for distribution at that date for the following reasons:

- The actions to complete the distribution were initiated and the business was sold during the year ended 31st March, 2017,

- Automation business represents a separate major line of business of operations.

Lease of equipment not in legal form of lease

Significant judgment is required to apply lease accounting rules under Appendix C to Ind AS 17: determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease. In assessing the applicability to arrangements entered into by the Company, management has exercised judgment to evaluate the right to use the underlying assets, substance of the transaction including legally enforced arrangements and other significant terms and conditions of the arrangement to conclude whether the arrangements meet the criteria under Appendix C to Ind AS 17.

Estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or CGU’s fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. It is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded subsidiaries or other available fair value indicators.

Defined benefit plans

The cost of the defined benefit plan and other post-employment benefits and the present value of such obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases, mortality rates and attrition rate. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

Fair value measurement of financial instruments

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgment is required in establishing fair values. Judgments include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.

Development costs

The Company capitalizes development costs for a project in accordance with the accounting policy. Initial capitalization of costs is based on management’s judgment that technological and economic feasibility is confirmed, usually when a product development project has reached a defined milestone according to an established project management model. In determining the amounts to be capitalized, management makes assumptions regarding the expected future cash generation of the project, discount rates to be applied and the expected period of benefits.

Impairment of financial assets

The impairment provisions for financial assets are based on assumptions about risk of default and expected loss rates. The Company uses judgment in making these assumptions and selecting the inputs to the impairment calculation, based on Company’s past history, existing market conditions as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting period.

(h) Dividend paid and proposed:

No dividends have been proposed, declared or paid during the financial year 2016-17 (Previous year 2015-16 '' Nil) or after the Financial year but before the financial statements were approved for issue.


Mar 31, 2016

Crompton Greaves Limited (the ''Company'') is a limited company incorporated and domiciled in India whose shares are publicly traded. The registered office is located at 6th Floor, CG house, Dr. Annie Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai - 400 018, India.

The Company is a global enterprise providing end-to-end solutions to utilities, industries and consumers for the management and application of efficient and sustainable electrical energy. It offers products, services and solutions in four main business segments, viz., Power Systems. Consumer Products, Industrial Systems and Automation Systems.

The financial statements of the Company for the year ended 31st March, 2016 were authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the directors on 27th May, 2016.

Ministry of Corporate Affairs notified roadmap to implement Indian Accounting Standards find AS'') notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended by the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendment) Rules, 2016. As per the said roadmap, the Company is required to apply Ind AS starting from financial year beginning on or after 1st April, 2016. However, the Company has vide its Board meeting dated 2nd February, 2016 decided for voluntary adoption of Ind AS from the financial year beginning 1 st April, 2015. Accordingly, the financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Ind AS.

For all periods up to and including the year ended 31st March, 2015, the Company prepared its financial statements in accordance with the Accounting Standards notified under the Section 133 of the Companies Act 2013, read together with Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014 (Indian GAAP). These financial statements for the year ended 31st March, 2016 are the first the Company has prepared in accordance with Ind AS (Refer Note 60 for information on how the Company has adopted Ind AS).

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value:

- Derivative financial instruments.

- Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments).

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (''INR'') and all values are rounded to the nearest crore, except otherwise indicated.

3.1 Property, plant and equipment:

Property, plant and equipment are stated at original cost net of tax / duty credit availed, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company derecognises the replaced part, and recognises the new part with its own associated useful life and it is depreciated accordingly. Likewise. when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the statement of profit and loss as incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of the asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

Internally manufactured property, plant and equipment are capitalised at factory cost, including excise duty, wherever applicable.

Capital work-in-progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment under installation / under development as at the balance sheet date.

Capital expenditure on tangible assets for research and development is classified under property, plant and equipment and is depreciated on the same basis as other property, plant and equipment.

Property, plant and equipment are eliminated from financial statement, either on disposal or when retired from active use. Losses arising in the case of retirement of property, plant and equipment and gains or losses arising from disposal of property, plant and equipment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the year of occurrence.

The assets'' residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively if appropriate.

Depreciation on the property, plant and equipment is provided over the useful life of assets as specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. Property, plant and equipment which are added / disposed off during the year, depreciation is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the month of addition / deletion. In case of the following category of property, plant and equipment, the depreciation has been provided based on the technical evaluation of the remaining useful life which is different from the one specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

The range of useful lives of the property, plant and equipment are as follows:

- Plant and machinery - 1 to 21 years (Maximum)

- Furniture and fixtures - 1 to 15 years (Maximum)

- Office equipments - 1 to 15 years

- Buildings - 3 to 60 years

- Vehicles - 1 to 8 years.

- Leasehold land - 24 to 999 years

Leased assets

Leasehold lands are amortised over the period of lease. Buildings constructed on leasehold land are depreciated based on the useful life specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, where the lease period of land is beyond the life of the building.

In other cases, buildings constructed on leasehold lands are amortised over the primary lease period of the lands.

3.2 Investment properties:

Investment properties comprise portions of freehold land and office buildings that are held for long-term rental yields and/or for capital appreciation. Investment properties are initially recognised at cost. Subsequently investment property comprising of building is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.

The cost includes the cost of replacing parts and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of the investment property are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in profit and loss as incurred.

Depreciation on building is provided over the estimated useful lives as specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The residual values, useful lives and depreciation method of investment properties are reviewed, and adjusted on prospective basis as appropriate, at each financial year end. The effects of any revision are included in the statement of profit and loss when the changes arise.

Though the Company measures investment property using cost based measurement, the fair value of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair values are determined based on an annual evaluation performed by an accredited external independent valuer applying a valuation model recommended by the International Valuation Standards Committee.

Investment properties are derecognised when either they have been disposed of or when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from its disposal.

The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period of derecognition.

3.3 Impairment of non-financial assets:

As at each balance sheet date, the Company assesses whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired and also whether there is an indication of reversal of impairment loss recognised in the previous periods. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, if any, the Company determines the recoverable amount and impairment loss is recognised when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount.

Recoverable amount is determined:

- In the case of an individual asset, at the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value in use; and

- In the case of cash generating unit (a group of assets that generates identified, independent cash flows), at the higher of the cash generating unit''s fair value less cost to sell and the value in use.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal. recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.

Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in profit and loss section of the statement of profit and loss, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation taken to Other Comprehensive Income (the ''OCI''). For such properties, the impairment is recognised in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation.

3.4 Intangible assets:

Intangible assets are recognised when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the Company and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably.

Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and the related expenditure is reflected in profit and loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired.

Intangible assets are amortised as follows:

(1) Specialised software Over a period of five to six years;

(2) Technical know-how Over a period of five years (from the date of its availability for use);

(3) Commercial rights Over a period of ten years

(4) Concession rights Over a period of ten years

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives, if any are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

Research and development cost:

- Research cost:

Revenue expenditure on research is expensed under the respective heads of accounts in the period in which it is incurred.

- Development cost:

Development expenditure on new product is capitalised as intangible asset, if all of the following can be demonstrated. Otherwise they are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

(i) the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale;

(ii) the Company has intention to complete the development of intangible asset and use or sell it;

(iii) the Company has ability to use or sell the intangible asset;

(iv) the manner in which the probable future economic benefit will be generated including the existence of a market for output of the intangible asset or the intangible asset itself or if it is to be used internally, the usefulness of the intangible asset;

(v) the availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset; and

(vi) the Company has ability to measure the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during the development reliably.

Development costs on the intangible assets, fulfilling the criteria are amortised over a period of five years, otherwise are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

3.5 Inventories:

Inventories are carried in the balance sheet as follows

(a) Raw materials, packing materials, construction materials, At lower of cost, on weighted average basis and net realisable stores and spares value

(b) Work-in-progress - Manufacturing At lower of cost of material, plus appropriate production overheads and net realisable value.

(c) Finished goods - Manufacturing At lower of cost of materials plus appropriate production

overheads, including excise duty paid / payable on such goods and net realisable value.

(d) Finished goods - Trading At lower of cost, on weighted average basis and net realisable

value

The cost of inventories have been computed to include all cost of purchases, cost of conversion and other related costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Slow and non-moving material, obsolesces, defective inventories are duly provided for and valued at net realisable value. Goods and materials in transit are valued at actual cost incurred up to the date of balance sheet. Materials and supplies held for use in the production of inventories are not written down if the finished products in which they will be used are expected to be sold at or above cost.

3.6 Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and demand deposits with banks which are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

3.7 Foreign currency transactions:

The Company''s financial statements are presented in INR, which is also the Company''s functional currency.

Foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in the functional currency, using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. At each balance sheet date, foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing exchange rate. Exchange differences that arise on settlement of monetary items or on reporting at each balance sheet date of the Company''s monetary items at the closing rate are recognised as income or expenses in the period in which they arise. Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items is recognised in line with the gain or loss of the item that gave rise to the translation difference (i.e. translation differences on items whose gain or loss is recognised in other comprehensive income or the statement of profit and loss is also recognised in other comprehensive income or the statement of profit and loss respectively).

3.8 Service concession arrangements:

The Company constructs or upgrades infrastructure (construction or upgrade services) used to provide a public service and operates and maintains that infrastructure (operation services) for a specified period of time.

These arrangements may include Infrastructure used in a public-to-private service concession arrangement for its entire useful life.

Under Appendix A to Ind AS 11 - Service Concession Arrangements, these arrangements are accounted for based on the nature of the consideration. The intangible asset model is used to the extent that the Company receives a right (i.e. a franchisee) to charge users of the public service. The financial asset model is used when the Company has an unconditional contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset from or at the direction of the grantor for the construction services. When the unconditional right to receive cash covers only part of the service, the two models are combined to account separately for each component. If the Company performs more than one service (i.e., construction or upgrade services and operation services) under a single contract or arrangement, consideration received or receivable is allocated by reference to the relative fair values of the services delivered, when the amounts are separately identifiable.

The Company manages concession arrangements which include constructing power distribution assets for distribution of electricity. The Company maintains and services the infrastructure during the concession period. These concession arrangements set out rights and obligations related to the infrastructure and the service to be provided.

The right to consideration gives rise to an intangible asset and financial receivable and accordingly, both the intangible asset and financial receivable models are applied. Income from the concession arrangements earned under the intangible asset model consists of the (i) fair value of contract revenue, which is deemed to be fair value of consideration transferred to acquire the asset; and (ii) payments actually received from the users. The intangible asset is amortized over its expected useful life in a way that reflects the pattern in which the asset''s economic benefits are consumed by the Company, starting from the date when the right to operate starts to be used. Based on these principles, the intangible asset is amortized in line with the actual usage of the specific public facility, with a maximum of the duration of the concession.

Financial receivable is recorded at a fair value of guaranteed residual value to be received at the end of the concession period. This receivable is subsequently measured at amortised cost.

Any asset carried under concession arrangements is derecognised on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its future use or disposal or when the contractual rights to the financial asset expire.

3.9 Revenue recognition:

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised, when all significant risks and rewards are transferred to the buyer, as per the terms of the contracts and no significant uncertainty exists regarding the amount of the consideration that will be derived from the sale of goods. It also includes excise duty and price variations based on the contractual agreements and excludes value added tax / sales tax. It is measured at fair value of consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade discounts and volume rebates.

Rendering of services

Revenue from sale of services is recognised as per the terms of the contract with customers based on stage of completion when the outcome of the transactions involving rendering of services can be estimated reliably. Percentage-of-completion method requires the Company to estimate the services performed to date as a proportion of the total services to be performed.

Revenue from construction contracts

Revenue from construction contracts is recognised by applying percentage of completion method after providing for foreseeable losses. if any. Percentage of completion is determined as a proportion of the cost incurred up to the reporting date to the total estimated cost to complete. Foreseeable losses, if any, on the contracts is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is foreseen, irrespective of the stage of completion of the contract. While determining the amount of foreseeable loss, all elements of cost and related incidental income not included in contract revenue is taken into consideration. Contract is reflected at cost that are expected to be recoverable till such time the outcome of the contract cannot be ascertained reliably and at realisable value thereafter. Claims are accounted as income in the year of acceptance by customer.

Power distribution

Revenue from power distribution business is accounted on the basis of billings to the customers and includes unbilled revenues accrued up to the end of accounting year. Customers are billed as per the tariff rates issued by Electricity Regulatory Commission. Interest is accounted on accrual basis on overdue bills.

Dividend income

Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive the same is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

Lease income

Lease agreements where the risks and rewards incidental to the ownership of an asset substantially vest with the lessor are recognised as operating leases. Lease rentals are recognised on straight-line basis as per the terms of the agreements in the statement of profit and loss.

Interest income

For all financial instruments measured at amortised cost, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR), which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset. Interest income is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss.

3.10 Employee benefits:

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months rendering services are classified as short term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences, performance incentives etc., and the expected cost of bonus, ex-gratia are recognised during the period in which the employee renders related service.

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit plans are recognised as an expense when employees have rendered the service entitling them to the contribution.

The Company makes contribution towards provident fund which is administered by the trustees. The Rules of the Company''s Provident Fund administered by a trust, require that if the Board of the Trustees are unable to pay interest at the rate declared by the Government under Para 60 of the Employees Provident Fund Scheme, 1972 for the reason that the return on investment is less for any other reason. then the deficiency shall be made good by the Company making interest shortfall a defined benefit plan. Accordingly, the Company obtains actuarial valuation and based on the valuation if there is no deficiency as at the balance sheet date, then, the liability is restricted towards monthly contributions only.

The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined using the projected unit credit method with actuarial valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date, which recognises each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measure each unit separately to build up the final obligation.

Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability). are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to the statement of profit and loss in subsequent periods. Past service cost is recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period of plan amendment.

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset.

The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation under employee benefit expenses in the statement of profit and loss.

- Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements.

- Net interest expense or income.

Long-term employee benefits

Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date.

Termination benefits

Termination benefits are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

3.11 Borrowing costs:

(a) Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction, or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as a part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily requires a substantial period of time (generally over twelve months) to get ready for its intended use or sale.

(b) All other borrowing costs are recognised as expense in the period in which they are incurred.

3.12 Segment accounting:

The Chief Operational Decision Maker monitors the operating results of its business Segments separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on profit or loss and is measured consistently with profit or loss in the financial statements.

The Operating segments have been identified on the basis of the nature of products / services.

1. Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly identifiable with / allocable to the segment including inter-segment revenue.

2. Expenses that are directly identifiable with / allocable to segments are considered for determining the segment result. Expenses which relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments are included under unallowable expenditure.

3. Income which relates to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments is included in unallowable income.

4. Segment result includes margins on inter-segment and sales which are reduced in arriving at the profit before tax of the Company.

5. Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable with the respective segments. Unallowable assets and liabilities represent the assets and liabilities that relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to any segment.

Inter-Segment transfer pricing

Segment revenue resulting from transactions with other business segments is accounted on the basis of transfer price agreed between the segments. Such transfer prices are either determined to yield a desired margin or agreed on a negotiated basis.

3.13 Leases:

The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception date, whether fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets or the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

Finance leases that transfer substantially all of the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalised at the commencement of the lease at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and a reduction in the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognised in finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

A leased asset is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.

Assets acquired on leases where a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by less or are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals are charged to the statement of profit and loss on straight line basis.

3.14 Earnings per share:

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit from continuing operations and total profit, both attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

3.15 Taxes on income:

1. Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis on estimated taxable income and tax credits computed in accordance with the provisions of the relevant tax laws and based on the expected outcome of assessments / appeals.

2. Current income tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside the statement of profit and loss is recognised outside the statement of profit and loss. Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current income tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

The break-up of the major components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities as at balance sheet date has been arrived at after setting off deferred tax assets and liabilities where the Company have a legally enforceable right to set-off assets against liabilities and where such assets and liabilities relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing taxation laws.

3.16 Provisions, Contingent liabilities, Contingent assets and Commitments:

General

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

Contingent liability is disclosed in the case of:

- a present obligation arising from past events, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation;

- a present obligation arising from past events, when no reliable estimate is possible;

- a possible obligation arising from past events, unless the probability of outflow of resources is remote. Commitments include the amount of purchase order (net of advances) issued to parties for completion of assets. Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and commitments are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

Warranty provisions

Provisions for warranty-related costs are recognised when the product is sold or service provided to the customer. Initial recognition is based on historical experience. The initial estimate of warranty-related costs is revised annually.

Liquidated damages

Provision for liquidated damages are recognised on contracts for which delivery dates are exceeded and computed in reasonable manner.

Other Litigation claims

Provision for litigation related obligation represents liabilities that are expected to materialise in respect of matters in appeal.

Onerous contracts

A provision for onerous contracts is measured at the present value of the lower expected costs of terminating the contract and the expected cost of continuing with the contract. Before a provision is established, the Company recognises impairment on the assets with the contract.

3.17 Exceptional items:

Certain occasions, the size, type or incidence of an item of income or expense, pertaining to the ordinary activities of the Company is such that its disclosure improves the understanding of the performance of the Company, such income or expense is classified as an exceptional item and accordingly, disclosed in the notes accompanying to the financial statements.

3.18 Current and non-current classification:

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/non-current classification. An asset is current when it is:

- Expected to be realised or intended to sold or consumed in normal operating cycle.

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading.

- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period. Or

- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle.

- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading.

- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period. Or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. Deferred tax assets/liabilities are classified as non-current.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

3.19 Fair value measurement:

The Company measures financial instruments such as derivatives and certain investments, at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

- In the principal market for the asset or liability. Or

- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

- Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

- Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

- Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the balance sheet on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.


Mar 31, 2013

1. Basis of preparation and presentation of financial statements:

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (Indian GAAP) under the historical cost convention (except for the revaluation of certain fixed assets acquired before 30th June, 1985) on accrual basis. The financial statements of the Company have been prepared to comply with the Accounting Standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. Certain escalation and other claims are accounted for in terms of contracts with the customers / admitted by the appropriate authorities. The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are consistent with those followed in the previous year.

2. Use of estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and disclosure of contingent liabilities and assets. The estimates and assumptions used in the accompanying financial statements are based upon management''s evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as of the date of the financial statements. The examples of such estimates include, the useful life of tangible and intangible fixed assets, allowances for doubtful debts / advances, future obligations in respect of retirement benefit plans etc. Actual results may differ from the estimates and assumptions and in such case, the difference is recognised in the period in which the results are known.

3. Fixed Assets:

(a) Fixed assets are stated at original cost, net of tax / duty credit availed, if any, except for land and building acquired prior to 30th June, 1985 which are stated at revalued cost as at that date based on the report of technical expert, less accumulated depreciation and amortisation. Subsequent upgradations / enhancements which results in an increase in the future benefits from such assets, beyond the previously assessed standard of performance, are also capitalised.

(b) Administrative and other general overheads that are specifically attributable to construction or acquisition of fixed assets or bringing the fixed assets to working condition are allocated and capitalised as a part of fixed assets.

(c) Pre-operative expenses, including interest en borrowings upto the date of commercial operations, are treated as part of project cost and capitalised.

(d) Internally manufactured fixed assets are capitalised at factory cost, including excise duty, where applicable.

(e) Capital work-in-progress includes cost of fixed assets under installation / under development as at the balance sheet date.

(f) Capital expenditure on tangible assets for research and development is''classtfied under fixed assets and is depreciated on the same basis as other fixed assets. v. ¦''

(g) Fixed assets are eliminated from financial statements, either on disposal or when retired from active use. Losses arising in case retirement of assets and gains or losses arising from disposal of fixed assets are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the year of occurrence.

4. Impairment of assets:

As at each balance sheet date, the carrying amounts of assets including goodwill arising on acquisition are tested for impairment so as to determine:

(a) the provision for impairment loss, if any; and

(b) the reversal of impairment loss recognised in previous periods, if any.

Impairment loss is recognised when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is determined:

(a) In the case of an individual asset, at the higher of the net selling price and the value in use; and

(b) In the case of cash a generating unit (a group of assets that generates identified, independent cash flows), at the higher of the cash generating unit''s net selling price and the value in use.

(Value in use is determined as the present value of estimated future cash flows from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life.)

5. Intangible assets and amortisation:

Intangible assets are recognised when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the Company and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably. Intangible assets are amortised as follows:

(a) Intangible assets:

(1) Specialised software Over a period of five years;

(2) Technical know-how : Over a period of five years from the date of commercial production;

(3) Commercial rights Over the period of ten years and

(b) Research and development cost:

(1) Research cost:

Revenue expenditure on research is expensed under the respective heads of accounts in the period in which it is incurred.

(2) Development cost:

Development expenditure on new product is capitalised as intangible asset, if all of the following can be demonstrated.

(i) the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale;

(ii) the Company has intention to complete the development of intangible asset and use or sell it;

(iii) the Company has ability to use or sell the intangible asset;

(iv)the manner in which the probable future economic benefit will be generated including the existence of a market for output of the intangible asset or the intangible asset itself or if it is to be used internally, the usefulness of the intangible asset;

(v) the availability of adequate technical, f inancial-and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset; and

(vi)the Company has ability to measure the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during the development reliably.

Development costs-on the intangible assets, fulfilling the criteria are amortised over a period of five years, otherwise are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. '' ,

6. Investments:

Long-term investments:

Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution is made to recognise a decline in the permanent nature in the value of investments. /

Current investments: *.--''

Investments that are readily realisable and are intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments and are carried at cost or fair value, whichever is lower. The determination of carrying amount of such investments is done on the basis of weighted average cost of each individual investment.

7. Inventories: "

(a) Raw materials, packing materials, Construction materials, At lower of cost, on weighted average basis and net realisable stores and spares value.

(b) Work -in-progress - Manufacturing At lower of cost of materials, plus appropriate production overheads and net realisable value.

(c) Finished goods - Manufacturing : At lower of cost of materials plus appropriate production overheads, including excise duty paid / payable on such goods and net realisable value.

(d) Finished goods - Trading : At lower of cost, on weighted average basis and net realisable value.

The cost of inventories have been computed to include all cost of purchases, cost of conversion and other related costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Slow and non-moving materials, obsolesces, defective inventories are duly provided for and valued at net realisable value. Goods and materials in transit are valued at actual cost incurred upto the date of balance sheet.

8. Cash and cash equivalents:

(a) Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks.

(b) Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

9. Foreign currency transaction and foreign operations:

(a) The reporting currency is Indian Rupee.

(b) Foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in the reporting currency, using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. At each balance sheet date, foreign currency monetary items are recorded using the closing exchange rate. Exchange differences that arise on settlement of monetary items or on reporting at each balance sheet date of the Company''s monetary items at the closing rate are recognised as income or expenses in the period in which they arise.

Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using historical rate.

(c) Financial statements of foreign operations are treated as integral operations and translated as in the same manner as foreign currency transactions, as described above. Exchange differences arising on such conversions are recognised in the statement of profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

10. Derivative contracts:

(a) Derivative contracts entered into, to hedge foreign currency / price risks on unexecuted firm commitments and highly probable forecast transactions, are recognised in the financial statements at fair value as on the balance sheet date. The gains or losses arising out of fair valuation of derivative contracts are recognised in the statement of profit and loss or balance sheet, as the case may be, after applying the test of hedge effectiveness. The gains or losses are recognised as hedge reserve in the balance sheet when the hedge is effective and where the hedge is ineffective the same is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

(b) The premium or discount on forward contracts is amortised as expense or income over the period of the contract.

(c) Gains and losses on roll over or cancellation of derivative contracts which qualify as effective hedge are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the same period in which the hedged item is accounted.

11. Revenue recognition:

(a) Sale of goods:

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised, when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer, as per the terms of contracts and no significant uncertainty exists regarding the amount of the consideration that will be derived from sale of the goods. It also includes excise duty and price variation (if any) and excludes value added tax / sales tax, brokerage and commission.

(b) Sale of services:

Service income is recognised as per the terms of the contracts with the customers on proportionate completion method.

(c) Revenue from contracts:

Revenue from contracts is recognised by applying percentage of completion method after providing for foreseeable losses, if any. Percentage of completion is determined as a proportion of the costs incurred upto the reporting date to the total estimated cost to complete. Foreseeable loss, if any, on the contracts is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is foreseen, irrespective of the stage of completion of the contract. While determining the amount of foreseeable loss, all elements of costs and related incidental income not included in contract revenue is takeivinto consideration. Contract is reflected at cost till such time the outcome of the contract cannot be ascertained reliably and-t realisable value thereafter.

(d) Revenue from power distribution business:

Revenue from power distribution business is accounted on the basis of billings to the customers and includes unbilled revenues accrued upto the end of accounting year. Customers are billed as per the tariff rates issued by Electricity Regulatory Commission. Interest is accounted on accrual basis on overdue bills.

(e) Interest income:

Interest income on deposits, securities and loans is recognised at the agreed rate on time proportionate basis.

(f) Dividend income:

Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive the dividend is,established.

(g) Lease income:

Lease agreements where the risks and rewards incidental to the ownership of an asset..substantially vest with the lessor are recognised as operating leases. Lease rentals are recognised on straight-line basis as per the terms of the agreements in the statement of Profit or loss.

12. Employee benefits:

(a) Short-term employee benefits: "

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering service are classified as short-term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences, performance incentives etc and the expected cost of bonus, ex-gratia are recognised during the period in which the employee renders related service.

(b) Post-employment benefits: Defined contribution plans

Company''s contributions paid / payable during the year to officer''s superannuation fund, employee state insurance scheme and labour welfare fund are recognised during the period.

Defined benefit plans

For defined benefit schemes in the form of gratuity fund, provident fund and post retirement medical benefits, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date, which recognises each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation.

The obligation is measured at the present value of the estimated future cash flows. The discounting rate used for determining the present value of the obligation under defined benefit plans, is based on the market yields on government securities as at the balance sheet date, having maturity periods approximately to the terms of related obligations.

The Company makes contribution towards provident fund in substance a defined contribution retirement plan. The provident fund is administered by the trustees. The Rules of the Company''s Provident Fund administered by a trust, require that if the Board of Trustees are unable to pay interest at the rate declared by the Government under Para 60 of the Employees'' Provident Fund Scheme, 1972 for the reason that the return on investment is less for any other reason, then the deficiency shall be made good by the Company making interest shortfall as a defined benefit plan. Having regard to the assets of the Fund and return on investments, the Company does not expect any deficiency in the foreseeable future and hence, liability is restricted towards the monthly contributions only.

Actuarial gains / losses are recognised in full in the statement of profit and loss, for the period in which they occur. Past service cost is recognised immediately to the extent that the benefits are already vested, and otherwise is amortised on a straight-line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested.

The retirement benefit obligations recognised in the balance sheet represents that present value of the defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognised past service cost and as reduced by the fair value of the scheme of assets.

(c) Long-term employee benefits:

Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date.

(d) Termination benefits:

Termination benefits are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

13. Depreciation:

(a) Owned assets:

(1) Revalued assets:

Depreciation on revalued asset is provided on straight line method on the values and at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. The difference between depreciation provided on revalued amount and on historical cost is recouped out of revaluation reserve.

(2) Assets carried at historical cost:

Depreciation on the fixed assets carried at historical cost provided at the rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act,1956, on Written down value method other than on buildings and plant and equipments, which are depreciated on a straight line method. Fixed assets which are added / disposed off during the year depreciation is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the month of addition / deletion.

(b) Leased assets:

(1) Leasehold lands are amortised over the period of lease.

(2) Buildings constructed on leasehold land are depreciated at normal rate as prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, where the lease period is beyond the life of the building.

(3) In other cases, buildings constructed on leasehold lands are amortised over the primary lease period of the lands.

14. Borrowing costs:

(a) Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction, or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as a part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily requires a substantial period of time (generally over twelve months) to get ready for its intended use or sale.

(b) All other borrowing costs are recognised as expense in the period in which they are incurred.

15. Segment accounting:

(a) Segment accounting policies:

Segment accounting policies are in line with* the accounting policies of the Company. The company identifies primary business segment based on the different risks and returns, the organisation structure and the internal reporting systems. Secondary segments are identified on the basis of geography in which sales have been effected. In addition, the following specific accounting policies have been followed for segment reporting:

(1) Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly identifiable with /allocable to the segment including inter-segment revenue.

(2) Expenses that are directly identifiable with / allocable to segments are considered for determining the segment result. Expenses which relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments are included tinder unallocable expenditure.

(3) Income which relates to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments is included in unallocable income.

(4) Segment result includes margins on inter-segment and sales which are reduced in arriving at the profit before tax of the Company.

(5) Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable with the respective segments. Unallocable assets and liabilities represent the assets and liabilities that relate to the CoiTipany as a whole and not allocable to any segment.

(b) Inter-segment transfer pricing:

Segment revenue resulting from transactions with other business segments is accounted on the basis of transfer price agreed between the segments. Such transfer prices are either determined to yield a desired margin or agreed on a negotiated basis.

16. Taxes on income:

(a) Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis on estimated taxable income and tax credits computed in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act,1961 and based on the expected outcome of assessments / appeals.

(b) Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income for the year and quantified using the tax rates and tax laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the balance sheet date.

(c) Deferred tax assets relating to unabsorbed depreciation / business losses are recognised and carried forward to the extent there is virtual certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.

(d) Other deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward to the extent that there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.

17. Provisions, Contingent liabilities, Contingent assets and Commitments:

(a) Provisions are recognised for liabilities that can be measured only by using a substantial degree of estimation, if:

(1) the Company has a present obligation as a result of a past event;

(2) a probable outflow of resources is expected to settle the obligation; and

(3) the amount of the obligation can be reliably estimated.

(b) Reimbursement by another party, expected in respect of expenditure required to settle a provision, is recognised when it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received if the obligation is settled.

(c) Contingent liability is disclosed in the case of:

(1) a present obligation arising from past events, when it is not probable that an outflow of recourses will be required to settle the obligation;

(2) a present obligation arising from past events, when no reliable estimate is possible;

(3) a possible obligation arising from past events, unless the probability of outflow of resources is remote.

(d) Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed.

(e) Commitments include the amount of purchase order (net of advances) issued to parties for completion of assets.

(f) Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and commitments are reviewed at each balance sheet date.


Mar 31, 2012

1. Basis of Accounting

The company maintains its accounts on accrual basis following the historical cost convention, in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles (gaap) except for the revaluation of certain fixed assets acquired before 30th June, 1985 and in compliance with the provisions of the companies act, 1956 and the accounting standards specified in the companies (accounting standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended). However, certain escalation and other claims are accounted for in terms of contracts with the customers / admitted by the appropriate authorities.

2. Use of Estimates

The preparation of Financial statements in conformity with gaap requires that the management of the company makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of income and expenses of the period, the reported balances of assets and liabilities and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities and commitments as of the date of the Financial statements. examples of such estimates include the useful life of tangible and intangible fixed assets, allowance for doubtful debts / advances, future obligations in respect of retirement benefit plans, etc. difference, if any, between the actual results and estimates is recognised in the period in which the results are known.

3. Fixed Assets

(a) Fixed assets are stated at original cost net of tax / duty credit availed, if any, except for land and buildings added prior to 30th June, 1985 which are stated at revalued cost as at that date based on the report of technical expert, less accumulated depreciation and amortisation.

(b) Fixed assets are eliminated from Financial statements, either on disposal or when retired from active use. the retired assets are disposed off immediately.

(c) Administrative and other general overhead expenses that are specifically attributable to construction or acquisition of fixed assets or bringing the fixed assets to working condition are allocated and capitalised as a part of the fixed assets.

(d) Pre-operative expenses, including interest on borrowings upto the date of commercial operations, are treated as part of the Project cost and capitalised.

(e) Internally manufactured fixed assets are capitalised at factory cost, including excise duty, where applicable.

(f) Capital work-in-progress includes cost of fixed assets under installation / under development as at the balance sheet date.

(g) Capital expenditure on research and development is classified under tangible assets and depreciated on the same basis as other fixed assets.

4. Impairment of Assets

As at each balance sheet date, the carrying amount of assets is tested for impairment so as to determine:

(a) The provision for impairment loss, if any; and

(b) The reversal of impairment loss recognised in previous periods, if any.

Impairment loss is recognised when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is determined:

(a) In the case of an individual asset, at the higher of the net selling price and the value in use; and

(b) In the case of a cash generating unit (a group of assets that generates identified, independent cash flows), at the higher of the cash generating unit's net selling price and the value in use. (value in use is determined as the present value of estimated future cash flows from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life.)

5. Intangible assets and amortisation

Intangible assets are recognised when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the company and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably. intangible assets are amortised as follows:

(a) Goodwill : over a period of ten years;

(b) specialised software : over a period of five years;

(c) technical know-how : over a period of five years from the date of commercial production;

(d) commercial rights : over a period of ten years; and

(e) development costs:

(1) Revenue expenditure on research is expensed under respective heads of account in the period in which it is incurred.

(2) development expenditure on new product is capitalised as intangible asset, if all of the following can be demonstrated:

(a) the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale;

(b) the company has intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it;

(c) the company has ability to use or sell the intangible asset;

(d) the manner in which the probable future economic benefit will be generated including the existence of a market for output of the intangible asset or intangible asset itself or if it is to be used internally, the usefulness of the intangible asset;

(e) the availability of adequate technical, Financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset; and

(f) the company has ability to measure the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during the development reliably.

The development expenditure capitalised as intangible asset is amortised over a period of five years.

Other development costs that do not meet above criteria are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

6. Investments

Each category / item of investment is valued as follows:

(a) long-term investments are carried at cost, after providing for any diminution in value, if such diminution is other than temporary in nature.

(b) current investments are carried at the lower of cost and fair value.

The determination of carrying amount of such investments is done on the basis of weighted average cost of each individual investment.

7. Inventories

Inventories are valued after providing for obsolescence as under:

(a) Raw materials, packing materials, construction materials, stores and spares at lower of cost, on weighted average basis and net realisable value.

(b) Work-in-progress - Manufacturing at lower of cost of material, plus appropriate production overheads and net realisable value.

(c) Finished goods - Manufacturing at lower of cost of material plus appropriate production overheads, including excise duty paid / payable on such goods and net realisable value.

(d) Finished goods - trading at lower of cost, on weighted average basis and net realisable value.

8. Cash and cash equivalents

(a) cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks.

(b) cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investment that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

9. foreign currency transactions and foreign operations

(a) the reporting currency of the company is indian Rupee.

(b) Foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in the reporting currency, using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. at each balance sheet date, foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the historical rate.

(c) exchange differences that arise on settlement of monetary items or on reporting at each balance sheet date of the company's monetary items at the closing rate are recognised as income or expenses in the period in which they arise.

(d) Financial statements of foreign operation are treated as integral operations and translated as in the same manner as foreign currency transactions, as described above. exchange differences arising on such translation are recognised as income or expenses of the period in which they arise.

10. Derivative Contracts

(a) derivative contracts entered into, to hedge foreign currency / price risks on unexecuted firm commitments and highly probable forecast transactions, are recognised in the Financial statements at fair value as on the balance sheet date. the gains or losses arising out of fair valuation of derivative contracts are recognised in the statement of profit and loss or balance sheet, as the case may be, after applying the test of hedge effectiveness. the gains or losses are recognised as hedge reserve in the balance sheet when the hedge is effective and where the hedge is ineffective the same is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

(b) the premium or discount on forward contracts is amortised as expense or income over the period of the contract.

(c) gains and losses on roll over or cancellation of derivative contracts which qualify as effective hedge are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the same period in which the hedged item is accounted.

11. Revenue Recognition

(a) Revenue from sale of goods is recognised, when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer, under the terms of contract and no significant uncertainty exists regarding the amount of the consideration that will be derived from the sale of the goods. Sales include excise duty and price variation, if any and exclude value added tax / Sales tax, brokerage and commission.

(b) Service income is recognised as per the terms of the contracts with the customers on proportionate completion method.

(c) Revenue from contracts is recognised by applying percentage of completion method after providing for foreseeable losses, if any. percentage of completion is determined as a proportion of the costs incurred upto the reporting date to the total estimated cost to complete. Foreseeable loss, if any, on the contracts is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is foreseen, irrespective of the stage of completion of the contract. While determining the amount of foreseeable loss, all elements of costs and related incidental income not included in contract revenue is taken into consideration. contract is refected at cost till such time the outcome of the contract cannot be ascertained reliably and at realisable value thereafter.

(d) Interest income on deposits, securities and loans is recognised at the agreed rate on time proportion basis.

(e) Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive the same is established.

(f) Other items of income are accounted as and when the right to receive arises.

12. Employee benefits

(a) Short-term employee benefits:

All employee benefits payable wholly within tweLVe months of rendering service are classified as short-term employee benefits. benefits such as salaries, wages, short-term compensated absences, etc., and the expected cost of bonus, ex-gratia are recognised during the period in which the employee renders the related service.

(b) Post-Employment benefits:

Defined contribution plans

company's contributions paid / payable during the year to provident fund, officer's superannuation fund, employee state insurance scheme and labour welfare fund are recognised during the period in which the employee renders the related service.

Defined benefit plans

For defined benefit schemes in the form of gratuity fund and post retirement medical benefits, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected unit credit Method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date, which recognises each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation.

The obligation is measured at the present value of the estimated future cash flows. the discount rate used for determining the present value of the obligation under defined benefit plans, is based on the market yields on government securities as at the balance sheet date, having maturity periods approximating to the terms of related obligations.

Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the statement of profit and loss, for the period in which they occur.

Past service cost is recognised immediately to the extent that the benefits are already vested, and otherwise is amortised on a straight-line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested.

The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognised past service cost and as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets.

(c) long-term employee benefits

Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within tweLVe months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date.

(d) Termination benefits

Termination benefits are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.


Mar 31, 2011

1 Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

The Company maintains its accounts on accrual basis following the historical cost convention, except for the revaluation of certain fixed assets, in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and in compliance with the Accounting Standards specified in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 notified by the Central Government and other provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. However, certain escalation and other claims are accounted for in terms of contracts with the customers / admitted by the appropriate authorities.

2 Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that the management of the Company makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of income and expenses of the period, the reported balances of assets and liabilities and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements. These estimates assume the Company to be a going concern and are made on the basis of information available at the time. Estimates may be revised, if the circumstances, on which they were based alter or if new information becomes available. Actual results may be different from these estimates. Examples of such estimates include, the useful life of tangible and intangible fixed assets, provision for doubtful debts / advances, future obligations in respect of retirement benefit plans, etc. Difference, if any, between the actual results and estimates is recognised in the period in which the results are known.

3 Fixed Assets

(a) Fixed assets are stated at cost net of tax / duty credit availed, if any, except for land and buildings added prior to 30th June, 1985 which are stated at revalued cost as at that date based on the report of technical expert.

(b) Fixed assets are eliminated from financial statements, either on disposal or when retired from active use. The retired assets are disposed off immediately.

(c) Pre-operative expenses, including interest on borrowings upto the date of commercial operations, are treated as part of the project cost and capitalised.

(d) Internally manufactured / constructed fixed assets are capitalised at factory cost, including excise duty, where applicable.

(e) Machinery spares which are specific to particular item of fixed assets and whose use is irregular are capitalised as part of the cost of machinery.

(f) Capital work-in-progress includes cost of fixed assets under installation / erection as at the balance sheet date and capital advances.

4 Impairment of Assets

As at each balance sheet date, the carrying amount of assets is tested for impairment so as to determine:

(a) the provision for impairment loss, if any; and

(b) the reversal of impairment loss recognised in previous periods, if any.

Impairment loss is recognised when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is determined:

(a) in the case of an individual asset, at the higher of the net selling price and the value in use; and

(b) in the case of a cash generating unit (a group of assets that generates identified, independent cash flows), at the higher of the cash generating units net selling price and the value in use.

(Value in use is determined as the present value of estimated future cash flows from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life.)

5 Intangible Assets and Amortisation

Intangible assets are recognised when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the Company and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably. Intangible assets are amortised as follows:

(a) Goodwill : Over a period of ten years;

(b) Leasehold land : Over the period of lease;

(c) Specialised software : Over a period of five years;

(d) Lump sum fees for technical know-how : Over a period of five years from the date of commercial production; and

(e) Commercial rights : Over a period of ten years.

6 Investments

Each category / item of investment is valued as follows:

(a) Long-term investments are carried at cost after providing for any diminution in value, if such diminution is of other than temporary, in nature.

(b) Current investment are carried at the lower of cost and fair value.

7 Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value, after providing for obsolescence. The cost is determined as follows:

(a) Raw materials, packing materials stores and spares : At cost, on weighted average basis;

(b) Work-in-progress - Manufacturing : At cost, plus appropriate production overheads;

(c) Finished goods - Manufacturing : At cost plus appropriate production overheads, including excise duty paid / payable on such goods; and

(d) Finished goods - Trading : At cost, on weighted average basis.

8 Foreign currency transactions

(a) The reporting currency of the Company is Indian Rupee.

(b) Foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in the reporting currency, using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. At each balance sheet date, foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

(c) Exchange differences that arise on settlement of monetary items or on reporting at each balance sheet date of the Companys monetary items at the closing rate, are recognised as income or expense in the period in which they arise.

9 Derivative Contracts

Derivative contracts entered into, to hedge foreign currency / price risks on unexecuted firm commitments and highly probable forecast transactions, are recognised in the financial statements at fair value as on the balance sheet date. The gain or loss arising out of fair valuation of derivative contracts are recognised in the profit and loss account or balance sheet, as the case may be, after applying the test of hedge effectiveness. The gains or losses are recognised as hedge reserve in the balance sheet when the hedge is effective and where the hedge is ineffective the same is recognised in the profit and loss account. The premium or discount on forward contracts is amortised as expense or income over the period of the contract. Gains and losses on roll over or cancellation of derivative contracts which qualify as effective hedge are recognised in the profit and loss account in the same period in which the hedged item is accounted.

10 Revenue Recognition

(a) Revenue from sale of goods is recognised, when all significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer, under the terms of the contract and no significant uncertainty exists regarding the amount of the consideration that will be derived from the sale of the goods. Sales include excise duty and price variation and exclude value added tax / sales tax, brokerage and commission.

(b) Service income is recognised as per the terms of the contracts with the customers.

(c) Revenue from contracts is recognised based on percentage of completion method after providing for foreseeable losses, if any. Percentage of completion is determined as a proportion of the costs incurred upto the reporting date to the total estimated cost to complete.

(d) Interest income on deposits, securities and loan is recognised at the agreed rate on time proportion basis.

(e) Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive the dividend is established.

11 Employee Benefits

(a) Short term employee benefits

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering service are classified as short term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages, short term compensated absences, etc. and the expected cost of bonus, ex-gratia are recognised during the period in which the employee renders the related service.

(b) Defined contribution plans

Companys contributions paid / payable during the year to provident fund, officers superannuation fund, employee state insurance scheme and labour welfare fund are recognised in the profit and loss account during the period in which the employee renders the related services.

(c) Defined benefit plans

For defined benefit schemes in the form of gratuity fund and post retirement medical benefits, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date.

Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the profit and loss account for the period in which they occur.

Past service cost is recognised immediately to the extent that the benefits are already vested, and otherwise is amortised on a straight- line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested.

The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognised past service cost, and as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets.

The obligation is measured at the present value of the estimated future cash flows. The discount rates used for determining the present value of the obligation under defined benefit plans, is based on the market yields on Government securities as at the balance sheet date, having maturity periods approximating to the terms of related obligations.

(d) Long term employee benefits

Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date

(e) Termination benefits

Termination benefits are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

12 Depreciation

(a) Depreciation on the fixed assets is provided at the rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, on written down value method other than on buildings and plant and equipments, which are depreciated on a straight line method. If the managements estimate of the useful life of a fixed asset at the time of acquisition of the asset or of the remaining useful life on subsequent review is shorter than that envisaged in the aforesaid Schedule, depreciation is provided at a higher rate based on the managements estimate of useful life / remaining life.

(b) Buildings constructed on leasehold land are depreciated at normal rate as prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, where the lease period of land is beyond the life of the building. In other cases, amortised over the lease period.

(c) In the case of revalued assets, the difference between the depreciation based on revaluation and the depreciation charged on historical cost is recouped out of revaluation reserve.

(d) In case of impaired assets, the depreciation is charged on the adjusted cost computed after impairment.

(e) Leasehold land are amortised over the period of lease.

13 Research and Development

(a) Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged under respective heads of account.

(b) Capital expenditure on research and development is included as part of fixed assets and depreciated on the same basis as other fixed assets.

14 Borrowing Costs

(a) Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of such asset till such time as the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily requires a substantial period of time (generally over 12 months) to get ready for its intended use or sale.

(b) All other borrowing costs are recognised as expense in the period in which they are incurred.

15 Taxes on Income

(a) Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of estimated taxable income and tax credits computed in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and based on the expected outcome of assessments / appeals.

(b) Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences between the accounted income and the taxable income for the year, and quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the balance sheet date.

(c) Deferred tax assets relating to unabsorbed depreciation / business losses are recongnised and carried forward to the extent there is virtual certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.

(d) Other deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward to the extent that there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.

16 Provisions, Contingent liabilities and Contingent assets

(a) Provisions are recognised for liabilities that can be measured only by using a substantial degree of estimation, if i) the Company has a present obligation as a result of a past event;

ii) a probable outflow of resources is expected to settle the obligation; and iii) the amount of the obligation can be reliably estimated.

(b) Reimbursements by another party, expected in respect of expenditure required to settle a provision, is recognised when it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received if, obligation is settled.

(c) Contingent liability is disclosed in the case of:

i) a present obligation arising from past events, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation;

ii) a present obligation when no reliable estimate is possible;

iii) a possible obligation arising from past events, unless the probability of outflow of resources is remote.

(d) Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed.

(e) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.


Mar 31, 2010

1 Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

The Company maintains its accounts on accrual basis following the historical cost convention, except for the revaluation of certain fixed assets, in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and in compliance with the Accounting Standards specified in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 notified by the Central Government and other provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. However, certain escalation and other claims are accounted for in terms of contracts with the customers / admitted by the appropriate authorities.

2 Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that the management of the Company makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of income and expenses of the period, the reported balances of assets and liabilities and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements. Examples of such estimates include the useful life of tangible and intangible fixed assets, provision for doubtful debts / advances, future obligations in respect of retirement benefit plans, etc. Difference, if any, between the actual results and estimates is recognised in the period in which the results are known.

3 Fixed Assets

(a) Fixed assets are stated at cost net of tax / duty credit availed, if any, except for land and buildings added prior to 30th June, 1985 which are stated at revalued cost as at that date based on the report of technical expert.

(b) Fixed assets are eliminated from financial statements, either on disposal or when retired from active use. The retired assets are disposed off immediately.

(c) Pre-operative expenses, including interest on borrowings upto the date of commercial operations, are treated as part of the project cost and capitalised.

(d) Internally manufactured / constructed fixed assets are capitalised at factory cost, including excise duty, where applicable.

(e) Machinery spares which are specific to particular item of fixed assets and whose use is irregular are capitalised as part of the cost of machinery.

(f) Capital work-in-progress includes cost of fixed assets under installation / erection as at the balance sheet date and capital advances.

4 Impairment of Assets

(a) The carrying amount of assets, other than inventories is reviewed at each balance sheet date, to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the assets is estimated.

(b) An impairment loss is recognised, whenever the carrying amount of assets or its cash generating units exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use which is determined based on the estimated future cash flow generated from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life, discounted to its present value.

(c) An impairment loss is reversed, if there has been a change in the estimates made to determine and recognise the recoverable amount in the earlier year.

5 Intangible Assets and Amortisation

Intangible assets are recognised when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the Company and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably. Intangible assets are amortised as follow:

(a) Leasehold land Over the period of lease;

(b) Specialised software : Over a period of five years; and

(c) Lump sum fees for technical know-how : Over a period of five years from the year of commercial production.

6 Investments

Long term investments are carried at cost. Provision for diminution is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary in value of long term investments and is determined separately for each individual investment. Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value, computed separately in respect of each category of investment.

7 Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value, after providing for obsolescence, as under:

(a) Raw materials, packing materials stores and spares : At cost, on weighted average basis;

(b) Work-in-progress - Manufacturing : At cost plus appropriate production overheads;

(c) Work-in-progress - Contracts : At cost, till certain percentage of completion and thereafter at realisable sales value;

(d) Finished goods - Manufacturing : At cost plus appropriate production overheads, including excise duty paid

/ payable on such goods; and

(e) Finished goods - Trading : At cost, on weighted average basis.

8 Foreign currency transactions

(a) The reporting currency of the Company is Indian Rupee.

(b) Foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in the reporting currency, using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. At each balance sheet date, foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

(c) Exchange differences that arise on settlement of monetary items or on reporting at each balance sheet date of the Companys monetary items at the closing rate are recognised as income or expense in the period in which they arise.

9 Hedge accounting and Derivatives

(a) If the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument and also documents at the inception of the transaction establishes the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items as well as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedging transactions, then the hedge is classified as the fair value hedge and cash flow hedge.

(i) Fair value hedge:

Changes in the fair value of the derivatives that are designated and qualified as fair value hedges are recorded in the profit and loss account, together with any change in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk.

(ii) Cash flow hedge:

The effective portion of the changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualified as the cash flow hedge are recognised in shareholders fund and ineffective portion is to be recognised immediately in the profit and loss account. Amount accumulated in shareholders fund are reclassified in the profit and loss account in the periods the hedged item affects profit and loss.

When a hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument recognised in the shareholders fund, is recognised in the profit and loss account when forecasted transaction occurs.

When the forecasted transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss that was reported in shareholders fund is immediately transferred to the profit and loss account.

(b) Derivatives instruments

Derivatives instruments do not qualify for the hedge accounting. Change in the fair value of any of these derivatives instruments are recognised in the profit and loss account. The premium or the discount on forward exchange contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract.

10 Revenue Recognition

(a) Revenue from sale of products is recognised when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products are passed on to the customers, which is generally on dispatch of goods and acceptance. Sales include excise duty and price variation and are recognised in terms of contracts with the customers. Sales exclude value added tax / sales tax, brokerage and commission.

(b) Service income is recognised as per the terms of the contracts with the customers.

(c) Revenue from contracts is recognised based on percentage of completion method after providing for foreseeable losses, if any. Percentage of completion is determined as a proportion of the costs incurred upto the reporting date to the total estimated cost to complete.

(d) Interest income on deposits, securities and loan is recognised at the agreed rate on accrual basis.

(e) Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive is established.

11 Employee Benefits

(a) Short term employee benefits

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering service are classified as short term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages, short term compensated absences, etc. and the expected cost of bonus, ex-gratia are recognised during the period in which the employee renders the related service.

(b) Defined contribution plans

Companys contributions paid / payable during the year to provident fund, officers superannuation fund, employee state insurance scheme and labour welfare fund are recognised in the profit and loss account during the period in which the employee renders the related service.

(c) Defined benefit plans

For defined benefit schemes in the form of gratuity fund and post retirement medical benefits, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date.

Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the profit and loss account for the period in which they occur,

Past service cost is recognised immediately to the extent that the benefits are already vested, and otherwise is amortised on a straight- line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested.

The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognised past service cost, and as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets.

The obligation is measured at the present value of the estimated future cash flows. The discount rates used for determining the present value of the obligation under defined benefit plans, is based on the market yields on Government securities as at the balance sheet date, having maturity periods approximating to the terms of related obligations.

(d) Long term employee benefits

Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date.

(e) Termination benefits

Termination benefits are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

12 Depreciation

(a) Depreciation on the fixed assets is provided at the rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XiV to the Companies Act, 1956, on written down value method other than on buildings and plant and equipments, which are depreciated on a straight line method. If the managements estimate of the useful life of a fixed asset at the time of acquisition of the asset or of the remaining useful life on subsequent review is shorter than that envisaged in the aforesaid Schedule, depreciation is provided at a higher rate based on the managements estimate of useful life / remaining life.

(b) Buildings constructed on leasehold land are depreciated at normal rate as prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, where the lease period of land is beyond the life of the building. In other cases, amortised over the lease period.

(c) In the case of revalued assets, the difference between the depreciation based on revaluation and the depreciation charged on historical cost is recouped out of revaluation reserve.

(d) In case of impaired assets, the depreciation is charged on the adjusted cost computed after impairment.

13 Research and Development

(a) Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged under respective heads of account.

(b) Capital expenditure on research and development is included as part of fixed assets and depreciated on the same basis as other fixed assets.

14 Borrowing Costs

(a) Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of such asset till such time as the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily requires a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale.

(b) All other borrowing costs are recognised as expense in the period in which they are incurred.

15 Taxes on Income

(a) Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of estimated taxable income and tax credits computed in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and based on the expected outcome of assessments / appeals.

(b) Deferred tax reflects the tax effects of timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income for the year, and quantified using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as on the balance sheet date.

(c) Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.

16 Provisions, Contingent liabilities and Contingent assets

(a) Provisions are recognised for liabilities that can be measured only by using a substantial degree of estimation, if (i) the Company has a present obligation as a result of a past event;

(ii) a probable outflow of resources is expected to settle the obligation; and

(iii) the amount of the obligation can be reliably estimated.

(b) Reimbursements by another party, expected in respect of expenditure required to settle a provision, is recognised when it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received if, obligation is settled.

(c) Contingent liability is disclosed in the case of:

(i) a present obligation arising from past events, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation;

(ii) a present obligation when no reliable estimate is possible;

(iii) a possible obligation arising from past events, unless the probability of outflow of resources is remote.

(d) Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed.

(e) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

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