Mar 31, 2023
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
Cressanda Solution Limited ("the Company") is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in India under the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and its equity shares are listed on one recognised stock exchanges in India. The registered office of the Company is located at 312A, Plot No, 207, Embassy Centre, Jamnalal Bajaj Marg, Nariman Point, Mumbai -400021.
These financial statements were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on May 30, 2023.
2. significant accounting policies and critical accounting estimate and judgments
2.1 Basis of preparation, measurement and significant accounting policies
The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards ("Ind AS") notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended and relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act").
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, as modified by the following:
⢠Certain financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value; ⢠Assets held for sale - measured at fair value less cost to sell;
⢠Defined benefit plans - plan assets that are measured at fair value;
⢠Equity instruments in subsidiaries at cost.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The Company uses valuation
techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances for which sufficient data is available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
The assets and liabilities reported in the balance sheet are classified on a "current/non-current basis", with separate reporting of assets held for sale and liabilities. Current assets, which include cash and cash equivalents, are assets that are intended to be realized, sold or consumed during the normal operating cycle of the Company or in the 12 months following the balance sheet date; current liabilities are liabilities that are expected to be settled during the normal operating cycle of the Company or within the 12 months following the close of the financial year. The deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.
On March 23, 2023, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has notified Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2022.This notification has resulted into amendments in the following existing accounting standards which are applicable to company from April 1, 2022:
i. Ind AS 101 - First time adoption of Ind AS
ii. Ind AS 109 - Financial Instrument
iii. Ind AS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment
Iv. Ind AS 37 -Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Application of above standards are not expected to have any significant impact on the Company''s financial statement
All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at cost which includes capitalised borrowing cost, less depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items. Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognised when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to profit or loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.
Expenditure incurred on assets which are not ready for their intended use comprising direct cost, related incidental expenses and attributable borrowing cost are disclosed under Capital Work-in-Progress.
Depreciation is provided to the extent of depreciable amount on Straight Line Method (SLM) based on useful life of the following class of assets as prescribed in Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013
Estimated useful life, residual values and depreciation methods are reviewed annually, taking into account commercial and technological obsolescence as well as normal wear and tear and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition net of recoverable taxes less accumulated amortisation / depletion and impairment loss, if any. The cost comprises of purchase price, borrowing costs and any cost directly attributable to bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.
Expenditure incurred on acquisition of intangible assets which are not ready to use at the reporting date is disclosed under "intangible assets under development".
Amortisation is charged on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each annual reporting period, with the effect of any changes in the estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.
The Company is the lessee
The Company lease assets primarily consists of office premises which are of short-term lease with the term of twelve months or less and low value leases. For these short term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the term of lease.
Assets which are subject to depreciation or amortisation are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset''s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use.
For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. Non-financial assets that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each reporting period.
Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method, less provision for impairment, if any.
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instruments of another entity.
The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:
⢠those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through Other Comprehensive Income or through profit or loss) and
⢠those measured at amortised cost.
The classification depends on the entity''s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.
For assets measured at fair value, gains and losses will either be recorded in profit or loss or Other Comprehensive Income. For investments in debt instruments, this will depend on the business model in which the investment is held. For investments in equity instruments in subsidiaries, the Company has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial recognition to account for the equity investment at fair value through Other Comprehensive Income.
The Company reclassifies debt investments when and only when its business model for managing those assets changes.
At initial recognition, the Company measures financial assets at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial assets not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial assets. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in Statement of Profit and Loss.
The Company assesses on a forward-looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost. The impairment methodology
applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.
For trade receivables only, the Company applies the simplified approach permitted by Ind AS 109- ''Financial Instruments'', which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognised from initial recognition of the receivables
A financial asset is derecognised only when:
⢠the Company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset or
⢠retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients.
Where the entity has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In such cases, the financial asset is derecognised. Where the entity has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognised. Where the entity has neither transferred a financial asset nor retains substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is derecognised if the Company has not retained control of the financial asset. Where the Company retains control of the financial asset, the asset is continued to be recognised to the extent of continuing involvement in the financial asset.
Interest income from debt instruments is recognised using the effective interest rate method. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example prepayment, extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses.
Dividends are recognised in statement of profit or loss only when the right to receive payment is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company, and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.
(i) Classification as debt or equity
Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definition of a financial liability and an equity instrument
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities.
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
The Company''s financial liabilities include trade and other payables.
These amounts represent obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Those Payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less otherwise they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade and other payables are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and the amount has been reliably estimated.
Provisions are measured at the present value of management''s best estimate of the expenditure
required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pretax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as interest expense.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company. A present obligation that arises from past events but it is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation or the amount of obligation cannot be measured with sufficient reliability is termed as contingent liability.
Contingent Assets
A contingent asset is disclosed, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.
(i) Functional and presentation currency
Items included in the financial statements of the Company are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates (''the functional currency''). The financial statements are presented in ''Indian Rupees'' (''), which is the Company''s functional and presentation currency.
(a) Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions.
(b) All exchange differences arising on reporting of foreign currency monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
(c) In respect of foreign exchange differences arising on restatement or settlement of longterm foreign currency monetary items, the Company has availed the option available in Ind AS 101 to continue the policy adopted
for accounting for exchange differences arising from translation of long-term foreign currency monetary items.
⢠Foreign exchange differences on account of depreciable asset, are adjusted in the cost of depreciable asset and would be depreciated over the balance life of asset.
⢠In other cases, foreign exchange difference is accumulated in "foreign currency monetary item translation difference account" and amortised over the balance period of such long-term asset / liabilities.
(d) Non-monetary items denominated in foreign currency are stated at the rates prevailing on the date of the transactions / exchange rate at which transaction is actually affected.
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria are met before revenue is recognized:
(i) Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking in to account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate
(ii) Dividend income is recognised when the Companies right to receive dividend is established on the reporting date.
(iii) Other Income account on accrual basis
Liabilities for wages and salaries, including nonmonetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees'' services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.
The liabilities for earned leave and sick leave are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. They are therefore measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method. The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in Statement of profit and loss.
The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the balance sheet if the entity does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting period, regardless of when the actual settlement is expected to occur.
The income tax expense or credit for the period is the tax payable on the current period''s taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate for each jurisdiction adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences and to unused tax losses.
The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.
Deferred income tax is provided in full, on temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. Deferred income tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting profit nor taxable profit (tax loss). Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when
the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Current and deferred tax is recognised in profit or loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity.
For the purpose of presentation in the Statement of Cash Flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits with banks, short-term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.
Basic earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing:
- the profit attributable to owners of the Company
- by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the financial year.
Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in the determination of basic earnings per share to take into account:
- the after income tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares, and
- the weighted average number of additional equity shares that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated based on the available information.
The operating segment has been identified and reported taking into account its internal financial reporting, performance evaluation and organizational structure of its operations. Operating segment is reported in the manner evaluated by Board, considered as Chief Operating Decision Maker under Ind AS 108 "Operating Segment".
Provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared, being appropriately authorised and no longer at the discretion of the entity, on or before the end of the reporting period but not distributed at the end of the reporting period.
The Company discloses certain financial information both including / excluding exceptional items. The presentation of information excluding exceptional items allows a better understanding of underlying operating performance of the Company and provides consistency with the Company''s internal management reporting. Exceptional items are identified by virtue of either size or nature so as to facilitate the comparison with prior period and to assess underlying trends in financial performance of the Company.
2.2 Critical accounting estimates and judgements
The preparation of the financial statements under Ind AS requires management to take decisions and make estimates and assumptions that may impact the value of revenues, costs, assets and liabilities and the related disclosures concerning the items involved as well as contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date. Estimates and judgements are
continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
The Company makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below:
The Company has estimated its useful lives of wind power assets based on the expected wear and tear, industry trends etc. In actual, the wear and tear can be different. When the useful lives differ from the original estimated useful lives, the Company will adjust the estimated useful lives accordingly. It is possible that the estimates made based on existing experience are different to the actual outcomes within the next financial period and could cause a material adjustment to the carrying amount of Property, Plant and Equipment.
There are transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain and would get finalized on completion of assessment by tax authorities. Where the final tax outcome is different from the amounts that were initially recorded, such differences will impact the income tax and deferred tax provisions in the period in which such determination is made.
The Company is eligible to claim tax holiday on income generated from wind power generation. The deferred tax on temporary differences which are reversing after the tax holiday period have been estimated considering future projections and Company''s plan to start claiming tax holiday in certain years. It is possible that this estimate may be different to the actual outcome within the next financial periods and could cause material adjustments to the deferred tax recognised in financial statements.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the same can be utilised. Significant management judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.
The Company measured its investments in equity shares of subsidiaries at fair value and certain financial assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes.
The fair values of investments in subsidiaries are not quoted in an active market and are determined by using valuation techniques, primarily earnings multiples and discounted cash flows. The models used to determine fair values including estimates / judgements involved are validated and periodically reviewed by the management. The inputs used in the valuation models include unobservable data of the Companies which are categorised within level III fair value measurements. They are based on historical experience, technical evaluation and other factors, including expectations of future events. Considering the level of estimation involved and unobservable inputs, the Company has engaged a third party qualified valuer to perform the valuation. Based on the actual performance of respective subsidiaries project, the inputs considered for valuation may vary materially and could cause a material adjustment to carrying amount of investments.
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment of financial assets and credit risk exposure. ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the year is recognized as income / expense in the statement of profit and loss (P&L).
The Previous year''s figures have been recast/restated,
wherever necessary to confirm to current year
classification.
Mar 31, 2015
1.01 Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in
accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India
{Indian GAAP) to comply with the Accounting Standards notified under
the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the
relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial
statements have been prepared on accrual basis under the historical
cost convention.
1.02 Use of estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian
GAAP requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions
considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including
contingent liabilities) and the reported income and expenses during the
period. The Management believes that the estimates used in preparation
of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results
could differ due to these estimates and the differences between the
actual results and the estimates are recognised in the periods in which
the results are known / materialise.
1.03 inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (on FIFO / weighted average
basis) and the net realisable value after providing for obsolescence
and other losses, where considered necessary. Gost includes all charges
in bringing the goods to the point of sale. Work-in-progress and
finished goods include appropriate proportion of overheads and, where
applicable.
1.04 Cash and cash equivalents (for purposes of Cash Flow Statement)
Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash
equivalents are short-term balances.
1.05 Cash flow statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit/
(loss) before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the effects
of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of
past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from
operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are
segregated based on the available information.
1.06 Depreciation and amortisation
Depreciation has been provided on the Written Down Value method as per
the life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.
Assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 each are fully depreciated in the
period of capitalisation.
1.07 Revenue recognition
Sale of goods
Sales are recognised, net of returns and trade discounts, on transfer
of significant risks and rewards of
ownership to the buyer. Sales include excise duty but exclude sales tax
and value added tax.
Income from services
Revenues from contracts priced on a time and material basis are
recognised when services are rendered and related costs are incurred.
Revenues from turnkey contracts, which are generally time bound fixed
price contracts, are recognised over the life of the contract using the
proportionate completion method, with contract costs determining the
degree of completion. Foreseeable losses on such contracts are
recognised when probable. Revenues from maintenance contracts are
recognised pro-rata over the period of the contract.
1.08 Other income
Interest income is accounted on accrual basis.
1.09 Tangible fixed assets
Fixed assets, are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses, if any. The cost of fixed assets includes interest
on borrowings attributable to acquisition of qualifying fixed assets up
to the date the asset is ready for its intended use and other
incidental expenses incurred up to that date. Subsequent expenditure
relating to fixed assets is capitalised only if such expenditure
results in an increase in the future benefits from such asset beyond
its previously assessed standard of performance.
1.10 Investments
Long-term investments, are carried individually at cost less provision
for diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investments.
Current investments are carried individually, at the lower of cost and
fair value. Cost of investments include acquisition charges such as
brokerage, fees and duties.
1.11 Employee benefits
Employee benefits include provident fund, superannuation fund, gratuity
fund, compensated absences.
Defined contribution plans
The Company's contribution to provident fund is considered as defined
contribution plan and is charged as an expense as it falls due based on
the amount of contribution required to be made.
Defined benefit plans
For defined benefit plans in the form of gratuity fund and
post-employment medical benefits, the cost of providing benefits is
determined using the Projected Unit Credit method, with actuarial
valuations being carried out at each Balance Sheet date. However, as the
company hasn't even completed one period since incorporation, at
present it doesn't foresee any Gratuity liability arising that can be
related to the current period.
Short-term employee benefits
The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be
paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognised
during the period when the employees render the service.
1.12 Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs include interest, amortisation of ancillary costs
incurred to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the
interest cost. Costs in connection with the borrowing of funds to the
extent not directly related to the acquisition of qualifying assets are
charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the tenure of the
loan. Borrowing costs, allocated to and utilised for qualifying assets,
pertaining to the period from commencement of activities relating to
construction / development of the qualifying asset upto the date of
capitalisation of such asset is added to the cost of the assets.
Capitalisation of borrowing costs is suspended and charged to the
Statement of Profit and Loss during extended periods when active
development activity on the qualifying assets is interrupted.
1.13 Leases
Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership
of an asset substantially vest with the lessor are recognised as
operating leases. Lease rentals under operating leases are recognised
in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis.
1.14 Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit / (loss)
after tax (including the post tax effect of extraordinary items, if
any) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during
the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the
profit / (loss) after tax (including the post tax effect of
extraordinary items, if any) as adjusted for dividend, interest and
other charges to expense or income relating to the dilutive potential
equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares
considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted
average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the
conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. The company doesn't
have any positional dilutive shares or other instruments issued as on
the date and thus Diluted Earning Per Share is equal to the Basic
Earning Per Share.
1.15 Taxes on income
Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the
period as determined in accordance with the provisions of the Income
Tax Act, 1961.Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the
tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of
adjustment to future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if
there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income
tax. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as an asset in the Balance Sheet
when it is probable that future economic benefit associated with it
will flow to the Company. Deferred tax is recognised on timing
differences, being the differences between the taxable income and the
accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of
reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax is measured
using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantially enacted
as at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for
all timing differences. Deferred tax assets in respect of unabsorbed
depreciation and carry forward of losses are recognised only if there
is virtual certainty that there will be sufficient future taxable
income available to realise such assets. Deferred tax assets are
recognised for timing differences of other items only to the extent
that reasonable certainty exists that sufficient future taxable income
will be available against which these can be realised. Deferred tax
assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on
income levied by the same governing tax laws and the Company has a
legally enforceable right for such set off. Deferred tax assets are
reviewed at each Balance Sheet date for their readability.
Current and deferred tax relating to items directly recognised in
equity are recognised in equity and not in the Statement of Profit and
Loss.
1.16 Impairment of assets
The carrying values of assets / cash generating units at each Balance
Sheet date are reviewed for impairment. If any indication of impairment
exists, the recoverable amount of such assets is estimated and
impairment is recognised, if the carrying amount of these assets
exceeds their recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the
greater of the net selling price and their value in use. Value in use
is arrived at by discounting the future cash flows to their present
value based on an appropriate discount factor. When there is
indication that an impairment loss recognised for an asset in earlier
accounting periods no longer exists or may have decreased, such
reversal of impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit
and Loss, except in case of revalued assets. There were no indication of
any Impairment of Assets of the company in the current period.
1.17 Provisions and contingencies
A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be mp.de. Provisions are not discounted to their
present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at
each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates. Contingent liabilities are disclosed in the Notes.
1.18 Service tax input credit
Service tax input credit is accounted for in the books in the period in
which the underlying service received is accounted and when there is no
uncertainty in availing / utilising the credits.
Mar 31, 2014
1.01 Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in
accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India
(Indian GAAP) to comply with the Accounting Standards notified under
the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the
relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial
statements have been prepared on accrual basis under the historical
cost convention.
1.02 Use of estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian
GAAP requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions
considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including
contingent liabilities) and the reported income and expenses during the
period. The Management believes that the estimates used in preparation
of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results
could differ due to these estimates and the differences between the
actual results and the estimates are recognised in the periods in which
the results are known / materialise.
1.03 Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (on FIFO / weighted average
basis) and the net realisable value after providing for obsolescence
and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes all charges
in bringing the goods to the point of sale. Work-in-progress and
finished goods include appropriate proportion of overheads and, where
applicable.
1.04 Cash and cash equivalents {for purposes of Cash Flow Statement)
Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash
equivalents are short-term balances.
1.05 Cash flow statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit /
(loss) before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the effects
of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of
past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from
operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are
segregated based on the available information.
1.06 Depreciation and amortisation
Depreciation has been provided on the Written Down Value method as per
the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.
Assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 each are fully depreciated in the
period of capitalisation.
1.07 Revenue recognition
Sale of goods
Sales are recognised, net of returns and trade discounts, on transfer
of significant risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer. Sales
include excise duty but exclude sales tax and value added tax.
Income from services
Revenues from contracts priced on a time and material basis are
recognised when services are rendered and related costs are incurred.
Revenues from turnkey contracts, which are generally time bound fixed
price contracts, are recognised over the life of the contract using the
proportionate completion method, with contract costs determining the
degree of completion. Foreseeable losses on such contracts are
recognised when probable.Revenues from maintenance contracts are
recognised pro-rata over the period of the contract.
1.08 Other income
Interest income is accounted on accrual basis." to "Interest income
is accounted on accrual basis except for receivables of refunds from
Revenue and other Government authority, which are recorded on actual
receipt basis
1.09 Tangible fixed assets
Fixed assets, are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses, if any. The cost of fixed assets includes interest
on borrowings attributable to acquisition of qualifying fixed assets up
to the date the asset is ready for its intended use and other
incidental expenses incurred up to that date. Subsequent expenditure
relating to fixed assets is capitalised only if such expenditure
results in an increase in the future benefits from such asset beyond
its previously assessed standard of performance.
1.10 Investments
Long-term investments, are carried individually at cost less provision
for diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investments.
Current investments are carried individually, at the lower of cost and
fair value. Cost of investments include acquisition charges such as
brokerage, fees and duties.
1.11 Employee benefits
Employee benefits include provident fund, superannuation fund, gratuity
fund, compensated absences. Defined contribution plans
The Company''s contribution to provident fund is considered as defined
contribution plan and is charged as an expense as it falls due based on
the amount of contribution required to be made.
Defined benefit plans
For defined benefit plans in the form of gratuity fund and
post-employment medical benefits, the cost of providing benefits is
determined using the Projected Unit Credit method, with actuarial
valuations being carried out at each Balance Sheet date. However, as
the complany hasn''t even completed one period since incorporation, at
present it doesnt forsee any Gratuity liaility arising that can be
related to the current period.
Short-term employee benefits
The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be
paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognised
during the period when the employees render the service.
1.12 Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs include interest, amortisation of ancillary costs
incurred to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the
interest cost. Costs in connection with the borrowing of funds to the
extent not directly related to the acquisition of qualifying assets are
charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the tenure of the
loan. Borrowing costs, allocated to and utilised for qualifying assets,
pertaining to the period from commencement of activities relating to
construction / development of the qualifying asset upto the date of
capitalisation of such asset is added to the cost of the assets.
Capitalisation of borrowing costs is suspended and charged to the
Statement of Profit and Loss during extended periods when active
development activity on the qualifying assets is interrupted.
1.13 Leases
Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership
of an asset substantially vest with the lessor are recognised as
operating leases. Lease rentals under operating leases are recognised
in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis.
1.14 Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit / (loss)
after tax (including the post tax effect of extraordinary items, if
any) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during
the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the
profit / (loss) after tax (including the post tax effect of
extraordinary items, if any) as adjusted for dividend, interest and
other charges to expense or income relating to the dilutive potential
equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares
considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted
average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the
conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. The company doesnt
have any potentional dilutive shares or other instruments issued as on
the date and thus Diluted Earning Per Share is equal to the Basic
Earning Per Share.
1.15 Taxes on income
Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the
period as determined in accordance with the provisions of the Income
Tax Act, 1961 .Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the
tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of
adjustment to future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if
there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income
tax. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as an asset in the Balance Sheet
when it is probable that future economic benefit associated with it
will flow to the Company.Deferred tax is recognised on timing
differences, being the differences between the taxable income and the
accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of
reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax is measured
using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantially enacted
as at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for
all timing differences. Deferred tax assets in respect of unabsorbed
depreciation and carry forward of losses are recognised only if there
is virtual certainty that there will be sufficient future taxable
income available to realise such assets. Deferred tax assets are
recognised for timing differences of other items only to the extent
that reasonable certainty exists that sufficient future taxable income
will be available against which these can be realised. Deferred tax
assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on
income levied by the same governing tax laws and the Company has a
legally enforceable right for such set off. Deferred tax assets are
reviewed at each Balance Sheet date for their realisability.
Current and deferred tax relating to items directly recognised in
equity are recognised in equity and not in the Statement of Profit and
Loss.
1.16 Impairment of assets
The carrying values of assets / cash generating units at each Balance
Sheet date are reviewed for impairment. If any indication of
impairment exists, the recoverable amount of such assets is estimated
and impairment is recognised, if the carrying amount of these assets
exceeds their recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater
of the net selling price and their value in use. Value in use is
arrived at by discounting the future cash flows to their present value
based on an appropriate discount factor. When there is indication that
an impairment loss recognised for an asset in earlier accounting
periods no longer exists or may have decreased, such reversal of
impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss,
except in case of revalued assets.There were no indication of any
Impairment of Assets of the company in the current period.
1.17 Provisions and contingencies
A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to their
present value and are determined based on the beet estimate required to
settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at
each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates. Contingent liabilities are disclosed in the Notes.
1.18 Service tax input credit
Service tax input credit is accounted for in the books in the period in
which the underlying service received is accounted and when there is no
uncertainty in availing / utilising the credits.
1.19 Revision of Books of Accounts
The books of accounts, as had been approved by the Board of Directors
in the meeting held on 31/05/2014 and as reported upon by the statutory
auditors in their Auditor''s Report dated 31/05/2014, have been
altered thereafter on account of certain errors & omissions on the part
of the management in drawing up the books of accounts. These errors &
omissions had come to the notice of the management after the books of
accounts had been finalized. These were then brought to the notice of
the statutory auditor, upon which the books of accounts were re-opened
& rectified. These financial statements have been revised after the
books of accounts were rectified, to give effect accordingly.
Mar 31, 2013
1.01 Corporate Information
Cressanda Solution Ltd is a public company domiciled in India and
incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The
Company is engaged in Infrastructure Development, Computer Hardware &
Software trading, Software Development and Consultancy Services.
1.02 Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in
accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India
(Indian GAAP) to comply with the Accounting Standards notified under
the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the
relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial
statements have been prepared on accrual basis under the historical
cost convention.
1.03 Use of estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in confirmity with Indian
GAAP requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions
considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including
contingent liabilities) and the reported income and expenses during the
period. The Management believes that the estimates used in preparation
of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results
could differ due to these estimates and the differences between the
actual results and the estimates are recognised in the periods in which
the results are known / materialise.
1.04 Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (on FIFO / weighted average
basis) and the net realisable value after providing for obsolescence
and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes all charges
in bringing the goods to the point of sale. Work-in-progress and
finished goods include appropriate proportion of overheads and, where
applicable.
1.05 Cash and cash equivalents (for purposes of Cash Flow Statement)
Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash
equivalents are short-term balances.
1.06 Cash flow statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit /
(loss) before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the effects
of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of
past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from
operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are
segregated based on the available information.
1.07 Depreciation and amortisation
Depreciation has been provided on the Written Down Value method as per
the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.
Assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 each are fully depreciated in the
period of capitalisation.
1.08 Revenue recognition
Sale of goods
Sales are recognised, net of returns and trade discounts, on transfer
of significant risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer. Sales
include excise duty but exclude sales tax and value added tax.
Income from services
Revenues from contracts priced on a time and material basis are
recognised when services are rendered and related costs are incurred.
Revenues from turnkey contracts, which are generally time bound fixed
price contracts, are recognised over the life of the contract using the
proportionate completion method, with contract costs determining the
degree of completion. Foreseeable losses on such contracts are
recognised when probable. Revenues from maintenance contracts are
recognised pro-rata over the period of the contract.
1.09 Small Scale Industry
As at March 31, 2013, the Company has outstanding dues amounting to
Rs.1,95,000/-to small scale undertakings.
1.10 Foreign Currency Transactions
There has not been any foreign currency transaction during the year.
1.11 Other income
Interest income is accounted on accrual basis.
1.12 Tangible fixed assets
Fixed assets, are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses, if any. The cost of fixed assets includes interest
on borrowings attributable to acquisition of qualifying fixed assets up
to the date the asset is ready for its intended use and other
incidental expenses incurred up to that date. Subsequent expenditure
relating to fixed assets is capitalised only if such expenditure
results in an increase in the future benefits from such asset beyond
its previously assessed standard of performance.
1.13 Investments
Long-term investments, are carried individually at cost less provision
for diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investments.
Current investments are carried individually, at the lower of cost and
fair value. Cost of investments include acquisition charges such as
brokerage, fees and duties.
1.14 Employee benefits
Employee benefits include provident fund, superannuation fund, gratuity
fund, compensated absences.
Defined contribution plans
The Company''s contribution to provident fund is considered as defined
contribution plan and is charged as an expense as it falls due based on
the amount of contribution required to be made.
Defined benefit plans
For defined benefit plans in the form of gratuity fund and
post-employment medical benefits, the cost of providing benefits is
determined using the Projected Unit Credit method, with actuarial
valuations being carried out at each Balance Sheet date. However, as
the company hasn''t even completed one period since incorporation, at
present it doesn''t forsee any Gratuity liability arising that can be
related to the current period.
Short-term employee benefits
The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be
paid in exchange for the services
rendered by employees are recognised during the period when the
employees render the service.
1.15 Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs include interest, amortisation of ancillary costs
incurred to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the
interest cost. Costs in connection with the borrowing of funds to the
extent not directly related to the acquisition of qualifying assets are
charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the tenure of the
loan. Borrowing costs, allocated to and utilised for qualifying
assets, pertaining to the period from commencement of activities
relating to construction / development of the qualifying asset upto the
date of capitalisation of such asset is added to the cost of the
assets. Capitalisation of borrowing costs is suspended and charged to
the Statement of Profit and Loss during extended periods when active
development activity on the qualifying assets is interrupted.
1.18 Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit /
(loss) after tax (including the post tax effect of extraordinary items,
if any) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding
during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing
the net profit / (loss) after tax (including the post tax effect of
extraordinary items, if any) as adjusted for dividend, interest and
other charges to expense or income relating to the dilutive potential
equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares
considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted
average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the
conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.
The company doesnt have any potentional dilutive shares or other
instruments issued as on the date and thus Diluted Earning Per Share is
equal to the Basic Earning Per Share.
1.20 Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for
the period as determined in accordance with the provisions of the
Income Tax Act, 1961.
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which
gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future
income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing
evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax. Accordingly, MAT
is recognised as an asset in the Balance Sheet when it is probable that
future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company.
Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences, being the differences
between the taxable income and the accounting income that originate in
one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent
periods. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantially enacted as at the reporting date. Deferred tax
liabilities are recognised for all timing differences. Deferred tax
assets in respect of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of
losses are recognised only if there is virtual certainty that there
will be sufficient future taxable income available to realise such
assets. Deferred tax assets are recognised for timing differences of
other items only to the extent that reasonable certainty exists that
sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these
can be realised. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such
items relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing tax laws
and the Company has a legally enforceable right for such set off.
Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date for their
realisability.
''Current and deferred tax relating to items directly recognised in
equity are recognised in equity and not in the Statement of Profit and
Loss.
1.21 Impairment of assets
''The carrying values of assets / cash generating units at each Balance
Sheet date are reviewed for impairment. If any indication of impairment
exists, the recoverable amount of such assets is estimated and
impairment is recognised, if the carrying amount of these assets
exceeds their recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater
of the net selling price and their value in use. Value in use is
arrived at by discounting the future cash flows to their present value
based on an appropriate discount factor. When there is indication that
an impairment loss recognised for an asset in earlier accounting
periods no longer exists or may have decreased, such reversal of
impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss,
except in case of revalued assets.
There were no indication of any Impairment of Assets of the company in
the current period.
1.23 Service tax input credit
''Service tax input credit is accounted for in the books in the period
in which the underlying service received is accounted and when there is
no uncertainty in availing / utilising the credits.
1.24 Previous Year Figures
Previous year figures have been regrouped / reclassified wherever
considered necessary.
Mar 31, 2012
1. BASIS OF PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost
convention, on the accrual basis of accounting and comply with the
mandatory accounting standards and statements issued by the Institute
of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) and the provisions of the
Companies Act. 1956. to the extent applicable.
2. REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenue from software development on time-and-material basis is
recognized based on performance of related services. For fixed price
contracts, revenue is recognized on the percentage of completion basis.
Revenue from the sale of software products developed is recognized when
the sale has been completed with the passing of title. However from last
two- three years company is not doing any business.
3. INVESTMENT
The investments are stated at cost.
4. FIXED ASSETS AND DEPRECIATION
The company had suspended all its services earlier and major portion of
the fixed assets have been sold , hence no depreciation has been
charged. Fixed assets have been sold off at the net realizable value.
5. RETIREMENT AND OTHER BENEFITS
Provident fund
All eligible employees receive benefits from a provident fund, which is
a defined contribution plan. Both the employee and the Company make
monthly contributions to the fund, which is equal to a specified
percentage of the covered employee's basic salary. The Company has no
further obligations under this plan as because services of employees
have been terminated earlier.
Gratuity
In accordance with the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, the Company
provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan covering
eligible employees. The gratuity plan provides a lump sum payment to
the vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or
termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective
employee's basic salary and the year of employment with the Company.
Provision for gratuity is determined by actuarial valuation as per AS
15 on Employees Benefits (Revised 2005) issued by ICAI. During the year
no further provision made due to termination of services of employees.
Leave encashment
During the year no further provision made due to termination of
services of employees.
Mar 31, 2010
1. BASIS OF PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The. financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost
convention, on the accrual basis of accounting and comply with the
mandatory accounting standards and statements issued by the Institute
of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) and the provisions of the
Companies Act, 1956, to the extent applicable.
2. REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenue from software development on time-and-material basis is
recognized based on performance of related services. For fixed price
contracts, revenue is recognized on the percentage of completion basis.
Revenue from the sale of software products developed is recognized when
the sale has been completed with the passing of title.
3. INVESTMENT
The investments are stated at cost.
4. FIXED ASSETS AND DEPRECIATION
Fixed assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated
depreciation/amortization. The cost of fixed assets includes all
expenditure up to the date of commissioning of the assets. Depreciation
is computed on the written down values (WDV) at the rates specified in
Schedule XIV of The Companies Act, 1956.
5. RETIREMENT AND OTHER BENEFITS
Provident fund
All eligible employees receive benefits from a provident fund, which is
a defined contribution plan. Both the employee and the Company make
monthly contributions to the fund, which is equal to a specified
percentage of the covered employees basic salary. The Company has no
further obligations under this , plan beyond its monthly contributions.
Gratuity
In accordance with the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, the Company
provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan covering
eligible employees. The gratuity plan provides a lump sum payment to
the vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or
termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective
employees basic salary and the year of employment with the Company.
Provision for gratuity is determined by actuarial valuation as per AS
15 on Employees Benefits (Revised 2005) issued by ICAI. During the year
no further provision made due to termination of services of employees.
Leave encashment
During the year no further provision made due to termination of
services of employees.
6. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS
Software development services billed to clients outside India and
collections deposited into the foreign currency bank account are
recorded at exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction.
Expenditure in foreign currency is accounted for at the conversion
rates prevalent when such expenditure is incurred. Current assets and
current liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated at
the exchange rate prevalent at the date of the balance sheet. Exchange
differences arising on foreign currency transactions are recognized as
income or expense in the year in which they arise. Foreign currency
assets and liabilities are converted into Indian Rupees at the exchange
rate prevailing at the date of the Balance Sheet Foreign currency
transactions during the year are recorded at the exchange rate
prevailing at the date of the transaction. Exchange differences, if
any, are reflected in the Profit and Loss Account.
Mar 31, 2009
1. Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost
convention, on the accrual basis of accounting and comply with the
mandatory accounting standards and statements issued by the Institute
of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) and the provisions of the
Companies Act, 1956, to the extent applicable.
2. Revenue Recognition
Revenue from software development on time-and-material basis is
recognized based on performance of related services. For fixed price
contracts, revenue is recognized on the percentage of completion basis.
Revenue from the sale of software products developed is recognized when
the sale has been completed with the passing of title.
3. Investment
The investments are stated at cost.
4. Fixed Assets and Depreciation
Fixed assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated
depreciation/amortization. The cost of fixed assets includes all
expenditure up to the date of commissioning of the assets. Depreciation
is computed on the written down values (WDV) at the rates specified in
Schedule XIV of The Companies Act, 1956.
5. Retirement and Other Benefits
Provident fund
All eligible employees receive benefits from a provident fund, which is
a defined contribution plan. Both the employee and the Company make
monthly contributions to the fund, which is equal to a specified
percentage of the covered employees basic salary. The Company has no
further obligations under this plan beyond its monthly contributions.
Gratuity
In accordance with the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, the Company
provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan covering
eligible employees. The gratuity plan provides a lump sum payment to
the vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or
termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective
employees basic salary and the year of employment with the Company.
Provision for gratuity is determined by actuarial valuation as per AS
15 on Employees Benefits (Revised 2005) issued by ICAI.
Leave encashment
The Company has made a provision for leave encashment on the basis of
actuarial valuation as on the balance sheet date.
6. Foreign Currency Transactions
Software development services billed to clients outside India and
collections deposited into the foreign currency bank account are
recorded at exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction.
Expenditure in foreign currency is accounted for at the conversion
rates prevalent when such expenditure is incurred. Current assets and
current liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated at
the exchange rate prevalent at the date of the balance sheet. Exchange
differences arising on foreign currency transactions are recognized as
income or expense in the year in which they arise. Foreign currency
assets and liabilities are converted into Indian Rupees at the exchange
rate prevailing at the date of the Balance Sheet. Foreign currency
transactions during the year are recorded at the exchange rate
prevailing at the date of the transaction. Exchange differences, if
any, are reflected in the Profit and Loss Account.