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Accounting Policies of Galada Power & Telecommunications Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2015

1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS:

GALADA POWER AND TELECOMMUNICATION LIMITED has been incorporated on 24.06.1972. At present the Company is engaged in the business of manufacturing Aluminum conductors and other allied products.The Company has recorded a net loss of Rs.2,753.92 Lakhs for the year and has accumulated losses of Rs.39,531.67 Lakhs as at March 31, 2014, resulting in substantial erosion of the net worth. Further, there were lower cash inflows from the existing business activities. The Company has defaulted in payment of dues to banks / financial institutions and could not comply with the terms of sanction and / or repayment schedules of the lending institutions and Banks; consequently all the lending institutions recalled the loans and the Bankers of the Company also initiated legal proceedings for the recovery of the debts. The matter was referred to Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR) and the Company had been declared sick. Later on, BIFR confirmed their opinion for winding up in terms of Section 20(1) of the Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985 vide order dt: 14-09-2007. The Company preferred an appeal before AAIFR which confirmed the BIFR order. The Company further preferred an appeal before the Hon'ble High Court of Andhra Pradesh which has stayed BIFR order and further hearings are in progress. As the Management of the Company is of the view that an acceptable and viable rehabilitation package can be worked out since all term lenders individually have in principle consented for financial restructuring and some of the lenders have already agreed for financial reconstruction , the accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a "going concern" basis.

2. BASIS OF ACCOUNTING:

The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material respects with the Accounting Standards specified under Section 133 of the Act, read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act,2013 and in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India under the historical cost convention and on accrual basis, except in case of assets for which provision for impairment is made and revaluation is carried out. The accounting policies are consistent with those used in the previous year.

a) Use of estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the' results of operations during' the reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon management's best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates.

b) Fixed Assets:

Fixed assets are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case may be), less accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment losses if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets which take substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.

c) Depreciation:

I. Depreciation is provided considering the useful lives of respective assets, as provided and prescribed under schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.

II. Fixed Assets costing rupees Five thousand or less are fully depreciated in the year of acquisition.

d) Impairment:

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset's net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life. Reversal of impairment losses recognised in prior years is recorded when there is an indication that the impairment losses recognised for the asset are no longer exist or have decreased.

e) Inventories:

i. Raw materials, components, stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. However, raw materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below the cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on FIFO basis.

ii. Goods in transit are valued at Cost.

iii. Finished goods, Work in progress, Scrap, by-products and loose tools are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value.

iv. Cost includes direct materials, labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost is determined on FIFO basis and Cost of finished goods includes excise duty.

v Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated selling costs.

f) Prior period items:

All items of income/expenditure pertaining to prior period, which are material, are accounted through "prior period adjustments" and the others are shown under respective heads of account in the Profit and Loss Account.

g) Investments:

Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments. Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value of each long term investment is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in nature.

h) Revenue Recognition:

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Specifically the following basis is adopted:

i. Sale of Goods: Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of goods have passed to the buyer, which generally coincides with delivery. Sales are inclusive of excise duty and value added tax/sales tax and is net of sales returns and discounts. Revenue from export sales is recognised on the date of bill of lading. Revenue on account of price escalations is accounted for on acceptance of such claims by the buyers.

ii. Income from Services: Revenue is recognized as and the Services rendered as per the terms of individual Service Contract. Income from Services is accounted inclusive of service tax.

iii. Interest: Revenue is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

iv. Other Sundry incomes: Insurance claims, conversion escalations are accounted for on accrual basis.

i) Government Grants and Subsidies:

Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the grant/subsidy will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with.

When the grant or subsidy relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income over the periods necessary to match them on a systematic basis to the costs, which it is intended to compensate. Where the grant or subsidy relates to an asset, its value is deducted from the gross value of the assets concerned in arriving at the carrying amount of the related asset. Government grants in the form of non-monetary assets given at a concessional rate are accounted for on the basis of their acquisition cost.

j) Retirement and Other Employee Benefits:

i. Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year.

ii. The Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the profit and loss account of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective trusts.

iii. Short term compensated absences are provided on an estimated basis. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation on project unit credit method carried by an actuary as at the end of the year.

iv. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to profit and loss account and are not deferred.

k) Borrowing Costs: Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of Fixed Assets, which take substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use, are capitalized. Other Borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the year in which they are incurred.

I) Leases: Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased assets are classified as operating leases.Where the Company is the lessee:Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the profit and loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Where the Company is the lessor:

Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognized in the profit and loss account. Costs, including depreciation are recognised as an expense in the profit and loss account.

m) Earnings per Share (Basic and Diluted):

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

n) Taxes on Income:

Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act 1961 enacted in India. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. If the Company has carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation and tax losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only, if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realised against future taxable profits.

o) Cash Flow Statement:Cash flows are reported using indirect method. Cash and cash equivalents in the cash flow statement comprise cash at bank, cash/cheques in hand and Fixed Deposits with Banks.

p) Contingent Liabilities:A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

q) Provisions:A provision is recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.


Mar 31, 2014

A) Use of estimates:The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates.

b) Fixed Assets:

Fixed assets are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case may be) less accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment losses if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets which take substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.

c) Depreciation:

i. Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on Written down Value/Straight Line method as per Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.

ii. Fixed Assets costing rupees Five thousand or less are fully depreciated in the year of acquisition.

d) Impairment:

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value-in-use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life. Reversal of impairment losses recognised in prior years is recorded when there is an indication that the impairment losses recognised for the asset do no longer exist or have decreased.

e) Inventories:

i. Raw materials, components, stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. However, raw materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below the cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on FIFO basis.

ii. Goods in transit are valued at cost.

iii. Finished goods, work in progress, scrap, by-products and loose tools are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value.

iv. Cost includes direct materials, labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost is determined on FIFO basis and cost of finished goods includes excise duty.

v. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated selling costs.

f) Prior period items:

All items of income/expenditure pertaining to prior period, which are material, are accounted through "prior period adjustments" and the others are shown under respective heads of account in the Profit and Loss Account.

g) Investments:

Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments. Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value of each long term investment is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in nature.

h) Revenue Recognition:

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Specifically the following basis is adopted:

i. Sale of Goods: Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of goods have passed to the buyer, which generally coincides with delivery. Sales are inclusive of excise duty and value added tax/sales tax and is net of sales returns and discounts. Revenue from export sales is recognised on the date of bill of lading.

Revenue on account of price escalations is accounted for on acceptance of such claims by the buyers.

ii. Income from Services:

Revenue is recognized as and when the Services are rendered as per the terms of individual Service Contract. Income from Services is accounted inclusive of service tax.

iii. Interest:

Revenue is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

iv. Export Benefits:

Export Entitlements in the form of Duty Drawback and Duty Entitlement Pass Book (DEPB) Schemes are recognized in the Profit and Loss account on realisation.

v. Other Sundry incomes:

Insurance claims, conversion and escalations are accounted for on accrual basis.

i) Government Grants and Subsidies:

Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the grant/subsidy will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with. When the grant or subsidy relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income over the periods necessary to match them on a systematic basis to the costs, which it is intended to compensate.

Where the grant or subsidy relates to an asset, its value is deducted from the gross value of the assets concerned in arriving at the carrying amount of the related asset. Government grants in the form of non-monetary assets given at a concessional rate are accounted for on the basis of their acquisition cost.

j) Retirement and Other Employee Benefits:

i. Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year.

ii. The Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the profit and loss account of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective trusts.

iii. Short term compensated absences are provided on an estimated basis. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation on project unit credit method carried by an actuary as at the end of the year.

iv. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to profit and loss account and are not deferred.

k) Borrowing Costs:

Borrowing costs, that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of Fixed Assets which take substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use, are capitalized. Other Borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the year in which they are incurred.

l) Leases:

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased assets are classified as operating leases.

Where the Company is the lessee:

Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the profit and loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Where the Company is the lessor:

Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognized in the profit and loss account. Costs, including depreciation are recognised as an expense in the profit and loss account.

m) Earnings per Share (Basic and Diluted):

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

n) Taxes on Income:

Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. Deferred income tax reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date.

Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. If the Company has carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation and tax losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realised against future taxable profits.

o) Cash Flow Statement:

Cash flows are reported using indirect method. Cash and cash equivalents in the cash flow statement comprise cash at bank, cash/cheques in hand and fixed deposits with Banks.

p) Contingent Liabilities:

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

q) Provisions:

A provision is recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.


Mar 31, 2013

A) Use of estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the'' results of operations during'' the reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates.

b) Fixed Assets:

Fixed assets are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case may be), less accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment losses if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets which take substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.

c) Depreciation:

i. Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on Written down Value/Straight Line method as per Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.

ii. Fixed Assets costing rupees Five thousand or less are fully depreciated in the year of acquisition.

d) Impairment:

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

Reversal of impairment losses recognised in prior years is recorded when there is an indication that the impairment losses recognised for the asset are no longer exist or have decreased.

e) Inventories:

i. Raw materials, components, stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. However, raw materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below the cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on FIFO basis.

ii. Goods in transit are valued at Cost.

iii. Finished goods, Work in progress, Scrap, by-products and loose tools are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value.

iv. Cost includes direct materials, labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost is determined on FIFO basis and Cost of finished goods includes excise duty.

v. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated selling costs. ^=^^

f) Prior period items:

All items of income/expenditure pertaining to prior period, which are material, are accounted through "prior period adjustments" and the others are shown under respective heads of account in the Profit and Loss Account.

g) Investments:

Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments. Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value of each long term investment is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in nature.

h) Revenue Recognition:

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Specifically the following basis is adopted:

i. Sale of Goods:

Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of goods have passed to the buyer, which generally coincides with delivery. Sales are inclusive of excise duty and value added tax/sales tax and is net of sales returns and discounts. Revenue from export sales is recognised on the date of bill of lading.

Revenue on account of price escalations is accounted for on acceptance of such claims by the buyers.

ii. Income from Services:

Revenue is recognized as and the Services rendered as per the terms of individual Service Contract. Income from Services is accounted inclusive of service tax.

iii. Interest:

Revenue is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

iv. Export Benefits:

Export Entitlements in the form of Duty Drawback and Duty Entitlement Pass Book (DEPB) Schemes are recognized in the Profit and Loss account on realisation.

v. Other Sundry incomes:

Insurance claims, conversion escalations are accounted for on accrual basis.

i) Government Grants and Subsidies

Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the grant/subsidy will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with.

When the grant or subsidy relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income over the periods necessary to match them on a systematic basis to the costs, which it is intended to compensate. Where the grant or subsidy relates to an asset, its value is deducted from the gross value of the assets concerned in arriving at the carrying amount of the related asset. Government grants in the form of non-monetary assets given at a concessional rate are accounted for on the basis of their acquisition cost.

j) Retirement and Other Employee Benefits

i. Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year.

ii. The Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the profit and loss account of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective trusts.

iii. Short term compensated absences are provided on an estimated basis. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation on project unit credit method carried by an actuary as at the end of the year.

iv. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to profit and loss account and are not deferred.

k) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of Fixed Assets, which take substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use, are capitalized. Other Borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the year in which they are incurred.

I) Leases

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased assets are classified as operating leases.

Where the Company is the lessee:

Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the profit and loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Where the Company is the lessor:

Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognized in the profit and loss account. Costs, including depreciation are recognised as an expense in the profit and loss account. x^f^T?^

m) Earnings per Share (Basic and Diluted)

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

n) Taxes on Income

Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act 1961 enacted in India. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. If the Company has carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation and tax losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only, if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realised against future taxable profits.

o) Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using indirect method. Cash and cash equivalents in the cash flow statement comprise cash at bank, cash/cheques in hand and Fixed Deposits with Banks.

p) Contingent Liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

q) Provisions

A provision is recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.


Mar 31, 2012

A) Change in accounting policy: Presentation and disclosure of financial statements

During the year ended 31 March 2012. the revised Schedule VI notified under the Companies Act. 1956 has become applicable to the company for preparation and presentation of its financial statements The adoption Of revised Schedule VI does not impact recognition and measurement principles followed for preparation of financial statements. However, It has significant impact on presentation and disclosures made in the financial statements. The company has also reclassified the previous year figures in accordance with the requirements applicable in the current year

b) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount, of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the' results of operations during the reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon managements best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates

c) Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case may be), less accumulated depreciation, amortisation end impairment losses if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use

Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets which take substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period such assets are ready to be put to use.

d) Depreciation

i. Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on Written down Value/Straight Line method as per Schedule XIV of the Companies Act. 1956.

ii. Fixed Assets coating rupees Five thousand or less are fully depreciated in the year of acquisition.

e) Impairment

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset's net selling price and value in use In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash Rows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life

Reversal of impairment losses recognised in prior years is recorded when there is an indication that the impairment losses recognised for the asset are no longer exist or have decreased.

f) Inventories

i. Raw materials, components, Stores and Spares are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value However, raw materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below the cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on FIFO basis.

ii. Goods in transit are valued at Cost.

iii. Finished goods, Work in progress, Scrap, by-products and loose tools are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value.

iv. Cost includes direct materials, labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost is determined on FIFO basis and Cost of finished goods includes excise duty.

v. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated selling costs.

g) Prior period items

All items of Income/expenditure pertaining to prior period, which are material, are accounted through "prior period adjustments" and the others are shown under respective heads of account in the Profit and Loss Account

h) Investments

investments that are readily realisable and Intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual Investment basis Long-term investments are carried at cost However. provision for diminution in value of each long term investment is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in nature Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Specifically the following basis is adopted:

i. Sale of Goods

Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of goods have passed to (he buyer, which generally coincides with delivery. Sales are inclusive of excise duty and value added tax/sales tax and is not of sales returns and discounts Revenue from export sales is recognised on the date of bill of lading Revenue on account of price escalations is accounted for on acceptance of such claims by the buyers.

ii. Income from Services

Revenue is recognized as and the Services rendered as per the terms of individual Service Contract Income from Services is accounted inclusive of service tax.

iii. Interest:

Revenue is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable

iv. Export Benefits:

Export Entitlements in the form of Duty Drawback and Duty Entitlement Pass Book (DEPB) Schemes are recognized in the Profit and Loss account on realisation.

v. Other Sundry incomes.

Insurance claims, conversion escalations are accounted for on accrual basis.

j) Government Grants and Subsidies

Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the grant/Subsidy will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with.

When the grant or subsidy relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income over the periods necessary to match them on a systematic basis to the costs, which it is intended to compensate. Where the grant or subsidy relates to an asset, its value is deducted from the gross value of the assets concerned in arriving at the carrying amount of the related asset Government grants in the form of non-monetary assets given at a concessional rate are accounted for on the basis of their acquisition cost.

k) Retirement and Other Employee Benefits

i. Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year.

ii. The Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are changed to the profit and loss account of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective trusts

iii. Short term compensated absences are provided an estimated basis Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation on project unit credit method carried by an actuary as at the end of the year.

iv. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to profit and loss account and are not deferred.

l) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of Fixed Assets, which take substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use, are capitalized Other Borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the year in which they are incurred.

m) Leases

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased assets are classified as operating leases.

Where the Company is the lessee:

Operating Lease payments are recognised as an expense in the profit and loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Where the Company is the lessor:

Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognized in the profit and loss account. Costs, including depreciation are recognised as an expense in the profit and loss account.

n) Earnings per Share (Basic and Diluted)

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

o) Taxes on Income

Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act 1961 enacted in India. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting Income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised if the Company has carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation and tax losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only, if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realised against future taxable profits.

p) Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using indirect method Cash and cash equivalents in me cash flow statement comprise cash at bank, cash/cheques in hand and Fixed Deposit with Banks.

q) Contingent Liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow or resources win be required to settle the obligation A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably The company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

r) Provisions

A provision is recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date These are reviewed at each balance sheet dale and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

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