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Accounting Policies of GE Power India Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2019

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

1.1 Basis of preparation of standalone financial statements

1.1.1 Statement of compliance

The standalone financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, (the âActâ) and other relevant provisions of the Act.

The standalone financial statements have been authorized for issue by the Companyâs Board of Directors on 27 May 2019.

Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet based on current/ non-current classification in accordance with Schedule III, Division II of Companies Act, 2013 notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.

An asset is classified as current when it is: a) Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle, b) Held primarily for the purpose of trading, c) Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or d) Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is classified as current when: a) It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle, b) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading, c) It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or d) There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current and non- current classification of assets and liabilities, except for projects business. The projects business comprises long-term contracts which have an operating cycle exceeding one year. For classification of current assets and liabilities related to projects business, the Company uses the duration of the contract as its operating cycle.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Companyâs normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

1.1.2 Basis of measurement

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on historical cost basis, except for the following:

- certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivatives instruments) - measured at fair value,

- defined benefit assets / liability - fair value of plan assets less present value of defined benefit obligations,

- other financial assets and liabilities - measured at amortised cost.

1.1.3 Functional currency

The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (Rupees or INR), which is the Companyâs functional and presentation currency and all amounts are rounded to the nearest million and one decimals thereof, except as stated otherwise.

1.1.4 Use of estimates and judgements

In preparing these standalone financial statements, management has made judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively.

Assumptions and estimation uncertainties

Assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment recognised in the standalone financial statements are as under :

- measurement of useful life, residual values and impairment of property, plant and equipment,

- recognition of deferred tax assets: availability of future taxable profit against which temporary differences shall be deductible,

- measurement of defined benefit obligations and planned assets: key actuarial assumptions,

- recognition and measurement of provisions and contingencies: key assumptions about the likelihood and magnitude of an outflow of resources,

- impairment of financial assets and non financial assets,

- revenue and margin recognition on construction and / or long term service contracts and related provision.

- assets held for sale: determining the fair value less cost to sell on the basis of significant unobservable inputs.

1.1.5 Measurement of fair values

A number of the accounting policies and disclosures require measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.

Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

- Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

- Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

- Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values. This includes a finance team that has overall responsibility for overseeing all significant fair value measurements, including Level 3 fair values, and reports directly to the chief financial officer.

The finance team regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If third party information, is used to measure fair values, then the finance team assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that these valuations meet the requirements of Ind AS, including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the valuations should be classified.

Significant valuation issues are reported to the Companyâs audit committee.

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorised in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

The Company recognises transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

Further information about the assumptions made in measuring fair values used in preparing these standalone financial statements is included in the respective notes.

1.2 Property, plant and equipment and depreciation

Items of property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Cost includes purchase price including import duties and non refundable purchase taxes after deducting trade discounts and rebates, if any, directly attributable cost of bringing the item to its location and condition for its intended use and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located. Special tools are capitalised as plant and equipment.

Freehold land is carried at historical cost.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of property, plant and equipment are measured as the differences between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the property, plant and equipment and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the property, plant and equipment is derecognized.

Subsequent costs are included in the assetâs carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognised when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the statement of profit and loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

The cost of property, plant and equipment not ready for their intended use is recorded as capital work-in-progress before such date. Cost of construction that relate directly to specific property, plant and equipment and that are attributable to construction activity in general and can be allocated to specific property, plant and equipment are included in capital work-in-progress.

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment recognised as at 1 April 2015 as per the previous GAAP and use that as the deemed cost of the property, plant and equipment.

Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value:

Property, plant and equipment, other than land, are depreciated on a pro-rata basis on Straight Line Method (SLM) using the rates arrived based on the useful lives of assets specified in Part C of Schedule II thereto of the Companies Act, 2013 or useful lives of assets estimated by the management based on technical advice in cases where a useful life is different than the useful lives indicated in Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, which represents the period over which management expects to use these assets, as follows:

Where a company estimated the useful life of an asset on a single shift basis at the beginning of the year but use the asset on double or triple shift during the year, then the depreciation expense would increase by 50 or 100 per cent as the case may be for that period. Freehold land is not depreciated. Leasehold assets and leasehold improvements are amortised over the period of the lease or the estimated useful life, whichever is lower.

Assetâs residual values and useful lives are reviewed at each financial year end, considering the physical condition of the assets and benchmarking analysis or whenever there are indicators for review and adjusted prospectively.

Asset held for sale

Non current assets or disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount is intended to be recovered principally through sale rather than through continuing use. The condition for classification of held for sale is met when the non current asset or the disposal group is available for immediate sale and the same is highly probable of being completed within one year from the date of classification as held for sale. Non current assets or disposal groups held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less cost to sell.

A gain or loss of the non-current asset is recognised at the date of de-recognition. Once classified as held-for-sale, property, plant and equipment are no longer amortised or depreciated.

1.3 Intangible assets and amortisation

Intangible assets are stated at acquisition cost, net of accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. After initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of assets are measured as the differences between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the assets and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its intangible assets recognised as at 1 April 2015 as per the previous GAAP and use that as the deemed cost of the property, plant and equipment.

Amortisation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value:

Intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives.

The amortisation period, residual value and the amortisation method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the amortisation period is adjusted prospectively.

The Company amortises intangible assets with finite useful life using the straight-line method over the following periods:

Asset category Useful Life (in years)

Software and license fee 5

1.4 Impairment of non financial assets

Assessment is done at each Balance Sheet date as to whether there is any indication that an asset (property, plant and equipment and intangible) may be impaired. For the purpose of assessing impairment, the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets, is considered as a cash generating unit. If any such indication exists, an estimate of the recoverable amount of the asset/cash generating unit is made. Assets whose carrying value exceeds their recoverable amount are written down to the recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is higher of an assetâs or cash generating unitâs (CGU) fair value less cost of disposal and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessment of the time value of money and risk specific to the CGU (or the asset) expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life.

Assessment is also done at each Balance Sheet date as to whether there is any indication that an impairment loss recognised for an asset in prior accounting periods may no longer exist or may have decreased. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the assetâs carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

1.5 Cash and cash equivalents

In the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalent includes cash on hand, demand deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

1.6 Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of inventories comprise cost of purchase (net of recoverable taxes where applicable), and other cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their respective present location and condition. The cost of various categories of inventories is arrived at as follows:

- Raw materials, stores and spares and components - at cost determined on the weighted average method.

- Packing materials, loose tools and consumables, being immaterial in value terms, and also based on their purchase mostly on need basis, are expensed to the statement of profit and loss at the point of purchase.

Contracts work-in-progress (herein referred to as âwork in progressâ) is valued at cost. Cost includes direct materials, labour and appropriate proportion of overheads including depreciation.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Provision for obsolescence is made, wherever necessary.

The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis.

1.7 Leases

i. Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease

At inception of an arrangement, it is determined whether the arrangement is or contains a lease.

At inception or on reassessment of the arrangement that contains a lease, the payments and other consideration required by such an arrangement are separated into those for the lease and those for other elements on the basis of their relative fair values. If it is concluded for a finance lease that it is impracticable to separate the payments reliably, then an asset and a liability are recognised at an amount equal to the fair value of the underlying asset. The liability is reduced as payments are made and an imputed finance cost on the liability is recognised using the incremental borrowing rate.

ii. Assets held under leases

Leases of property, plant and equipment where the Company, as lessee, has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Finance leases are capitalised at the leaseâs inception at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding rental obligations, net of finance charges, are included in borrowings or other financial liabilities as appropriate. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to the statement of profit and loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.

Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred to the Company as lessee are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessor) are charged to the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessorâs expected inflationary cost increases.

1.8 Employee benefits

(i) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid e.g., under short-term cash bonus, if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the amount of obligation can be estimated reliably.

(ii) Post-employment obligations Defined contribution plans

Provident fund: Contribution towards provident fund for certain employees is made to the regulatory authorities, where the Company has no further obligations. Such benefits are classified as defined contribution schemes as the Company does not carry any further obligations, apart from the contributions made on a monthly basis.

Superannuation: Contribution to Superannuation fund is charged to the statement of profit and loss on accrual basis. The Company pays contribution to a trust, which is maintained by Life Insurance Corporation of India to cover Companyâs liabilities towards Superannuation. Such benefits are classified as defined contribution plan as the Company does not carry any further obligations, apart from the contributions made on monthly basis.

Defined benefit plans

Provident Fund: Contributions towards provident fund for certain employees are made to a Trust administered by the Company. Such benefits are classified as defined benefit plan. The Companyâs liability is actuarially determined (using the Projected Unit Credit method) at the end of the year and any shortfall in the fund size maintained by the Trust set up by the Company is additionally provided for.

Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided on the basis of its actuarial valuation based on the projected unit credit method made at each Balance Sheet date. The Company funds gratuity benefits for its employees within the limits prescribed under The Payment of Gratuity (Amendment) Act, 2018 through contributions to a Scheme administered by the Life Insurance Corporation of India (âLICâ).

(iii) Other long-term employee benefit obligations

Compensated absences: The employees can carry-forward a portion of the unutilised accrued compensated absences and utilise it in future service periods or receive cash compensation on termination of employment. Since, the compensated absences do not fall due wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service and are also not expected to be utilised wholly within twelve months after the end of such period, the benefit is classified as a long-term employee benefit. The Company records an obligation for such compensated absences in the period in which the employee renders the services that increase their entitlement. The obligation is measured on the basis of independent actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method on the Balance Sheet date.

Changes in actuarial gains or losses are charged or credited to other comprehensive income in the period in which they arise.

(iv) Termination benefits

Termination benefits are expensed at the earlier of when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits and when the Company recognises costs for a restructuring. If benefits are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months of the reporting date, then they are discounted.

1.9 Foreign currency

(i) Foreign currency transactions

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the respective functional currencies of Company at the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions or an average rate if the average rate approximates the actual rate at the date of the transaction.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate at the reporting date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured based on historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Exchange differences are recognised in statement of profit and loss.

Effective 1 April 2018, the Company has adopted Appendix B to Ind AS 21, Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration which clarifies the date of transaction for the purpose of determining the exchange rate to use on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income when an entity has received or paid advance consideration in a foreign currency. The effect on account of adoption of this amendment was insignificant.

(ii) Financial instruments

a. Recognition and initial measurement

Trade receivables issued are initially recognised when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument.

A financial asset or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue.

b. Classification and subsequent measurement Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at

- amortised cost;

- FVOCI (fair value though other comprehensive income);

- FVTPL (fair value through statement of profit and loss)

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

- the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, the Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investmentâs fair value in OCI. This election is made on an investment-by-investment basis.

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortised cost or FVOCI as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI as at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

Financial assets: Business model assessment

The Company makes an assessment of the objective of the business model in which a financial asset is held at a portfolio level because this best reflects the way the business is managed and information is provided to management. The information considered includes:

- the stated policies and objectives for the portfolio and the operation of those policies in practice. These include whether managementâs strategy focuses on earning contractual interest income, maintaining a particular interest rate profile, matching the duration of the financial assets to the duration of any related liabilities or expected cash outflows or realising cash flows through the sale of the assets;

- how the performance of the portfolio is evaluated and reported to the Companyâs management;

- the risks that affect the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and how those risks are managed;

- the frequency, volume and timing of sales of financial assets in prior periods, the reasons for such sales and expectations about future sales activity.

Financial assets that are held for trading or are managed and whose performance is evaluated on a fair value basis are measured at FVTPL.

Financial assets: Assessment whether contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest

For the purposes of this assessment, âprincipalâ is defined as the fair value of the financial asset on initial recognition. âInterestâ is defined as consideration for the time value of money and for the credit risk associated with the principal amount outstanding during a particular period of time and for other basic lending risks and costs (e.g. liquidity risk and administrative costs), as well as a profit margin.

In assessing whether the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest, the Company considers the contractual terms of the instrument. This includes assessing whether the financial asset contains a contractual term that could change the timing or amount of contractual cash flows such that it would not meet this condition. In making this assessment, the Company considers:

- contingent events that would change the amount or timing of cash flows;

- terms that may adjust the contractual coupon rate, including variable interest rate features;

- prepayment and extension features; and

- terms that limit the Companyâs claim to cash flows from specified assets (e.g. non-recourse features).

Financial liabilities: Classification, subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held-for-trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in statement of profit and loss. See Note 2.9(ii)(f) for financial liabilities designated as hedging instruments.

c. Impairment of financial assets

The Company recognises impairment loss on trade receivables using expected credit loss model, which involves use of a provision matrix constructed on the basis of historical credit loss experience as permitted under Ind AS 109.

d. Derecognition Financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expired.

The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in statement of profit and loss.

e. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

f. Derivative financial instruments

The Company holds derivative financial instruments to hedge its foreign currency exposure.

Derivatives are initially measured at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognised in statement of profit and loss.

1.10 Income tax

The income tax expense or credit for the period is the tax payable on the current periodâs taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate for applicable jurisdiction adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences and to unused tax losses.

Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any, related to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts, and it is intended to realise the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognised in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current period tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority. Current period tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Current period tax and deferred tax is recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. Therefore, in case of a history of recent losses, the Company recognises a deferred tax asset only to the extent that it has sufficient taxable temporary differences or there is convincing other evidence that sufficient taxable profit will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realised. Deferred tax assets - unrecognised or recognised, are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognised/ reduced to the extent that it is probable/ no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realised.

Deferred tax assets (DTA) include Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws in India, which is likely to give future economic benefits in the form of availability of set off against future income tax liability.

1.11 Revenue from contracts with customer

Effective 1 April 2018, the Company has applied Ind AS 115 which establishes a comprehensive framework for determining whether, how much and when revenue is to be recognised. Ind AS 115 replaces Ind AS 18 âRevenueâ and Ind AS 11 âConstruction Contractsâ. The Company has adopted Ind AS 115 using the cumulative effect method, as the transitional provision option available. The effect of initially applying this standard is recognised at the date of initial application (i.e. 1 April 2018). The standard is applied retrospectively only to contracts that are not completed as at the date of initial application.The Company also reassessed the revenue recognition method in respect of measuring percentage of completion for applicable products/ services projects. It is impracticable to determine the adjustments/ impact of the above changes on the comparatives. Accordingly, the comparatives have not been retrospectively adjusted, i.e it is presented, as previously reported, under earlier revenue recognition standards Ind AS 18 and Ind AS 11. Refer note 2.11, summary of significant accounting policies - Revenue recognition in the Annual report of the Company for the year ended 31 March 2018, for revenue recognition policy as per Ind AS 18 and Ind AS 11. Refer note 45 for details/ break up of the aforesaid impact on the Balance Sheet.

a) Revenue from construction contracts

The Company recognises revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

Amounts due in respect of price escalation claims including those linked to published indices and/or contract modification including variation in contract work, only if the contract allows for such claims or variations and /or there is evidence that the customer has accepted it and it is probable that these will result in revenue and are capable of being reliably measured. Amounts disclosed as revenue are inclusive of excise duty and net of returns, trade allowances, rebates and amounts collected on behalf of third parties.

Contract modifications that extend or revise contract terms are not uncommon and generally result in recognising the impact of the revised terms prospectively over the remaining life of the modified contract. In addition, the Company elected the practical expedient for contract modifications, which essentially means that the terms of the contract that existed as at the date of initial application of the standard can be assumed to have been in place since the inception of the contract (i.e., not practical to separately evaluate the effects of all prior contract modifications).

Transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on relative stand-alone selling prices, in case, contract contains more than one distinct good or service. Revenue is recognized for each performance obligation either at a point in time or over time.

If it is expected that a contract will make a loss, the estimated loss is provided for in the books of account. Such losses are based on technical assessments and on managementâs analysis of the risk and exposure on a case to case basis.

Liquidated damages/penalties are provided for, based on managementâs assessment of the estimated liability, as per contractual terms, technical evaluation, past experience and/or acceptance.

Performance obligations satisfied over time

Revenue is recongnised as performance under the arrangements using percentage of completion based on costs incurred relative to total expected costs. The differences between the timing of revenue recognised (based on costs incurred) and customer billings (based on contractual terms) results in changes to revenue in excess of billing or billing in excess of revenue.

Use of significant judgments in revenue recognition

The percentage-of-completion method places considerable importance on accurate estimates of the extent of progress towards completion and may involve estimates on the scope of deliveries and services required for fulfilling the contractually defined obligations. These significant estimates include total estimated costs, contract risks, including technical, political and regulatory risks, and other judgments. Under the percentage-of-completion method, changes in estimates may lead to an increase or decrease of revenue.

Performance obligations satisfied at a point in time

Revenues are recognised at a point in time when control of the goods passes to the customer, upon delivery of the goods.

b) Revenue from sale of services

Sale of services are recognised in the accounting period in which the services are rendered. For fixed-price contracts, revenue is recognised based on the actual service provided to the end of the reporting period as a proportion of the total services to be provided (percentage of completion method).

Other operational revenue represents income earned from the activities incidental to the business and is recognised when the right to receive the income is established as per the terms of contract.

1.12 Other income / other operating income

Interest income is recognised using the effective interest method. The âeffective interest methodâ is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset.

Export benefits are accounted for to the extent there is reasonable certainty of utilisation/realisation of the same.

1.13 Earnings per share

a) Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss after tax for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

b) For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss after tax for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

1.14 Provisions and contingent liabilities/ assets

A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows (representing the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date) at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognised as finance cost. Expected future operating losses are not provided for.

Warranty

A provision for warranties is recognised when the underlying products or services are sold. The provision is based on technical evaluation, historical warranty data and a weighting of all possible outcomes by their associated probabilities.

Onerous contract

A contract is considered to be onerous when the expected economic benefits to be derived by the Company from the contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract. The provision for an onerous contract is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before such a provision is made, the Company recognises any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.

Restructuring

A provision for restructuring is recognised when the board has approved a detailed formal restructuring plan, and the restructuring either has commenced or has been announced publicly.

Decommission Cost

In accordance with the applicable legal requirements, a provision for decommission of assets, which are taken on lease, is recognised as per the terms of contract. The provision is measured at the present value of the best estimate of the cost of restoration.

Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and commitments are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

Contingent liabilities / assets

Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made. Contingent assets are not disclosed in the standalone financial statements.

1.15 Exceptional items

An item of income or expense which its size, type or incidence requires disclosure in order to improve an understanding of the performance of the Company is treated as an exceptional item and the same is disclosed separately.

1.16 Recent accounting pronouncements Applicable standards issued but not yet effective

Ind AS 116, Leases

The Company is required to adopt Ind AS 116, Leases from 1 April 2019. The Company has assessed the estimated impact that initial application of Ind AS 116 will have on its financial statements which is not significant.

Ind AS 116 introduces a single, on-balance sheet lease accounting model for lessees. A lessee recognises a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset and a lease liability representing its obligation to make lease payments. There are recognition exemptions for short-term leases and leases of low-value items. Lessor accounting remains similar to the current standard - i.e. lessors continue to classify leases as finance or operating leases. It replaces existing leases guidance, Ind AS 17, Leases.

Transition

The Company plans to apply Ind AS 116 initially on 1 April 2019, using the modified retrospective approach. Therefore, the cumulative effect of adopting Ind AS 116 will be recognised as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at 1 April 2019, with no restatement of comparative information. The Company plans to apply the practical expedient to grandfather the definition of a lease on transition. This means that it will apply Ind AS 116 to all contracts entered into before 1 April 2019 and identified as leases in accordance with Ind AS 17.

Ind AS 12 - Income taxes (amendments relating to income tax consequences of dividend and uncertainty overincome tax treatments)

The amendment relating to income tax consequences of dividend clarify that an entity shall recognise the income tax consequences of dividends in profit or loss, other comprehensive income or equity according to where the entity originally recognised those past transactions or events. The Company does not expect any impact from this pronouncement. It is relevant to note that the amendment does not amend situations where the entity pays a tax on dividend which is effectively a portion of dividends paid to taxation authorities on behalf of shareholders. Such amount paid or payable to taxation authorities continues to be charged to equity as part of dividend, in accordance with Ind AS 12.

The amendment to Appendix C of Ind AS 12 specifies that the amendment is to be applied to the determination of taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates, when there is uncertainty over income tax treatments under Ind AS 12. It outlines the following: (1) the entity has to use judgement, to determine whether each tax treatment should be considered separately or whether some can be considered together. The decision should be based on the approach which provides better predictions of the resolution of the uncertainty (2) the entity is to assume that the taxation authority will have full knowledge of all relevant information while examining any amount (3) entity has to consider the probability of the relevant taxation authority accepting the tax treatment and the determination of taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates would depend upon the probability. The Company does not expect any significant impact of the amendment on its financial statements.

Ind AS 19 - Employee benefits

On 30 March, 2019, Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued amendments to Ind AS 19, âEmployee Benefitsâ, in connection with accounting for plan amendments, curtailments and settlements.

The amendments require an entity:

- to use updated assumptions to determine current service cost and net interest for the remainder of the period after a plan amendment, curtailment or settlement; and

- to recognise in profit or loss as part of past service cost, or a gain or loss on settlement, any reduction in a surplus, even if that surplus was not previously recognised because of the impact of the asset ceiling.

Effective date for application of this amendment is annual period beginning on or after 1 April 2019. The Company does not have any impact of this amendment.

Equity instrument designated at fair value through other comprehensive Income

The Company designated the investments shown below as equity shares at FVOCI because these equity shares represent investments that the Company intends to hold for long term for strategic purpose.

Mar 31, 2018

1. GENERAL INFORMATION

GE Power India Limited ( name changed with effect from 5 August 2016, formerly known as ALSTOM India Limited) (âthe Companyâ) is a publicly owned Company, incorporated on 2 September 1992 as Asea Brown Boveri Management Limited, under the provisions of Indian Companies Act. The equity shares of the Company are listed on the BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited.

Its operations includes a composite range of activities viz. engineering, procurement, manufacturing, construction and servicing etc. of power plants and power equipment.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

2.1 Basis of preparation of standalone Ind AS financial statements

2.1.1 Statement of compliance

The standalone Ind AS financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, (the âActâ) and other relevant provisions of the Act.

The standalone Ind AS financial statements have been authorized for issue by the Companyâs Board of Directors on 22 May 2018.

Effective 1 April 2015, the Company had transitioned to Ind AS while the standalone Ind AS financial statements were being prepared in accordance with the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (previous GAAP) till 31 March 2016 and the transition was carried out in accordance of Ind AS 101 âFirst time adoption of Indian Accounting Standardsâ. While carrying out transition, in addition to the mandatory exemptions, the Company had elected to certain exemption which are listed as below:

a) The Company had opted to continue with the carrying value for all of its property, plant and equipment and intangible assets as recognized in the standalone Ind AS financial statements prepared under previous GAAP and use the same as deemed cost in the financial statement as at the transition date.

b) The Company had elected to designate particular equity investments (other than equity investments in subsidiaries) as at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) based on facts and circumstances at the date of transition to Ind AS (rather than at initial recognition).

Current versus non-current classification

An asset is classified as current when it is: a) Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle,

b) Held primarily for the purpose of trading, c) Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or d) Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. All other assets are classified as non-current.

Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current and non- current classification of assets and liabilities, except for projects business. The projects business comprises long-term contracts which have an operating cycle exceeding one year. For classification of current assets and liabilities related to projects business, the Company uses the duration of the contract as its operating cycle.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Companyâs normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

2.1.2 Basis of measurement

The standalone Ind AS financial statements have been prepared on historical cost basis, except for the following:

- certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivatives instruments) - measured at fair value,

- defined benefit assets / liability - fair value of plan assets less present value of defined benefit obligations,

- other financial assets and liabilities - measured at amortized cost.

2.1.3 Functional currency

The standalone Ind AS financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (Rupees or INR), which is the Companyâs functional and presentation currency and all amounts are rounded to the nearest million and one decimals thereof, except as stated otherwise.

2.1.4 Use of estimates and judgments

In preparing these standalone Ind AS financial statements, management has made judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized prospectively.

Assumptions and estimation uncertainties

Assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment recognized in the standalone Ind AS financial statements are as under :

- measurement of useful life, residual values and impairment of property, plant and equipment,

- recognition of deferred tax assets: availability of future taxable profit against which tax losses carried forward can be used,

- measurement of defined benefit obligations and planned assets: key actuarial assumptions,

- recognition and measurement of provisions and contingencies: key assumptions about the likelihood and magnitude of an outflow of resources,

- impairment of financial assets and non financial assets,

- revenue and margin recognition on construction and / or long term service contracts and related provision.

2.1.5 Measurement of fair values

A number of the accounting policies and disclosures require measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.

Fair values are categorized into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

- Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

- Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

- Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

Significant valuation issues are reported to the Companyâs audit committee.

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

Further information about the assumptions made in measuring fair values used in preparing these standalone Ind AS financial statements is included in the respective notes.

2.2 Property, plant and equipment and depreciation

Freehold land is carried at historical cost.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Subsequent costs are included in the assetâs carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognized when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the statement of profit and loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

For all the assets, based on technical evaluation, the management believes that the residual value is Nil.

Asset held for sale

Noncurrent assets or disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount is intended to be recovered principally through sale rather than through continuing use. The condition for classification of held for sale is met when the non current asset or the disposal group is available for immediate sale and the same is highly probable of being completed within one year from the date of classification as held for sale. Noncurrent assets or disposal groups held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less cost to sell.

A gain or loss of the non-current asset is recognized at the date of de-recognition. Once classified as held-for-sale, property, plant and equipment are no longer amortized or depreciated.

2.3 Intangible assets and amortization

Intangible assets are stated at acquisition cost, net of accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. After initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Amortization methods, estimated useful lives and residual value:

Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives.

The amortization period, residual value and the amortization method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the amortization period is adjusted prospectively.

The Company amortises intangible assets with finite useful life using the straight-line method over the following periods:

Asset category Useful Life (in years)

Software and license fee 5

2.4 Impairment of non financial assets

Assessment is also done at each Balance Sheet date as to whether there is any indication that an impairment loss recognized for an asset in prior accounting periods may no longer exist or may have decreased. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the assetâs carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

2.5 Cash and cash equivalents

In the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, demand deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

2.6 Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of inventories comprise cost of purchase (net of recoverable taxes where applicable), and other cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their respective present location and condition. The cost of various categories of inventories is arrived at as follows:

- Stores, spares, raw materials and components - at cost determined on the weighted average method.

Contracts work-in-progress (herein referred to as âwork in progressâ) is valued at cost. Cost includes direct materials, labour and appropriate proportion of overheads including depreciation.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Provision for obsolescence is made, wherever necessary.

The comparison of cost and net realizable value is made on an item-by-item basis.

2.7 Leases

i. Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease

At inception of an arrangement, it is determined whether the arrangement is or contains a lease.

At inception or on reassessment of the arrangement that contains a lease, the payments and other consideration required by such an arrangement are separated into those for the lease and those for other elements on the basis of their relative fair values. If it is concluded for a finance lease that it is impracticable to separate the payments reliably, then an asset and a liability are recognized at an amount equal to the fair value of the underlying asset. The liability is reduced as payments are made and an imputed finance cost on the liability is recognized using the incremental borrowing rate.

ii. Assets held under leases

Leases of property, plant and equipment where the Company, as lessee, has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Finance leases are capitalized at the leaseâs inception at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding rental obligations, net of finance charges, are included in borrowings or other financial liabilities as appropriate. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to the statement of profit and loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.

2.8 Employee benefits

(i) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognized for the amount expected to be paid e.g., under short-term cash bonus, if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the amount of obligation can be estimated reliably.

(ii) Post-employment obligations Defined contribution plans

Defined benefit plans

Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided on the basis of its actuarial valuation based on the projected unit credit method made at each Balance Sheet date. The Company funds gratuity benefits for its employees within the limits prescribed under The The Payment of Gratuity (Amendment) Act, 2018 through contributions to a Scheme administered by the Life Insurance Corporation of India (âLICâ).

(iii) Other long-term employee benefit obligations

Compensated absences: The employees can carry-forward a portion of the unutilized accrued compensated absences and utilize it in future service periods or receive cash compensation on termination of employment. Since, the compensated absences do not fall due wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service and are also not expected to be utilized wholly within twelve months after the end of such period, the benefit is classified as a long-term employee benefit. The Company records an obligation for such compensated absences in the period in which the employee renders the services that increase their entitlement. The obligation is measured on the basis of independent actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method on the Balance Sheet date.

Changes in actuarial gains or losses are charged or credited to other comprehensive income in the period in which they arise.

(iv) Termination benefits

Termination benefits are expensed at the earlier of when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits and when the Company recognizes costs for a restructuring. If benefits are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months of the reporting date, then they are discounted.

2.9 Foreign currency

(i) Foreign currency transactions

(ii) Financial instruments

a. Recognition and initial measurement

Trade receivables issued are initially recognized when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument.

b. Classification and subsequent measurement Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at

- amortized cost;

- FVOCI (fair value though other comprehensive income);

- FVTPL (fair value through statement of profit and loss)

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

- the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortized cost or FVOCI as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortized cost or at FVOCI as at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

Financial assets: Business model assessment

- how the performance of the portfolio is evaluated and reported to the Companyâs management;

- the risks that affect the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and how those risks are managed;

- the frequency, volume and timing of sales of financial assets in prior periods, the reasons for such sales and expectations about future sales activity.

Financial assets that are held for trading or are managed and whose performance is evaluated on a fair value basis are measured at FVTPL.

Financial assets: Assessment whether contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest

- contingent events that would change the amount or timing of cash flows;

- terms that may adjust the contractual coupon rate, including variable interest rate features;

- prepayment and extension features; and

- terms that limit the Companyâs claim to cash flows from specified assets (e.g. non-recourse features).

Financial assets: Subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial assets at FVTPL These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognized in statement of profit and loss. However, see Note 2.9(ii)(f) for derivatives designated as hedging instruments.

Financial assets at amortized cost These assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The amortized cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognized in statement of profit and loss.

Equity investments at FVOCI These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Dividends are recognized as income in statement of profit and loss unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Other net gains and losses are recognized in OCI and are not reclassified to statement of profit and loss.

Financial liabilities: Classification, subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortized cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held-for-trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognized in statement of profit and loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized in statement of profit and loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognized in statement of profit and loss. See Note 2.9(ii)(f) for financial liabilities designated as hedging instruments.

c. Impairment of financial assets

The company recognizes impairment loss on trade receivables using expected credit loss model, which involves use of a provision matrix constructed on the basis of historical credit loss experience as permitted under Ind AS 109.

d. Derecognition Financial assets

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expired.

The Company also derecognizes a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognized at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognized in statement of profit and loss.

e. Offsetting

f. Derivative financial instruments

The Company holds derivative financial instruments to hedge its foreign currency exposure.

Derivatives are initially measured at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized in statement of profit and loss.

2.10 Income tax

Current tax

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts, and it is intended to realize the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognized in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilize those temporary differences and losses.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current period tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority. Current period tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Current period tax and deferred tax is recognized in the statement of profit and loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. Therefore, in case of a history of recent losses, the Company recognizes a deferred tax asset only to the extent that it has sufficient taxable temporary differences or there is convincing other evidence that sufficient taxable profit will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realized. Deferred tax assets - unrecognized or recognized, are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognized/ reduced to the extent that it is probable/ no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realized.

2.11 Revenue

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. This inter alia involves discounting of the consideration due to the present value if payment extends beyond normal credit terms. Amounts disclosed as revenue are inclusive of excise duty and net of returns, trade allowances, rebates, value added taxes and amounts collected on behalf of third parties.

The Company recognizes revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity and specific criteria have been met for each of the Companyâs activities as described below. The Company bases its estimates on historical results, taking into consideration the type of customer, the type of transaction and the specifics of each arrangement.

a) Revenue from construction contracts

Amounts due in respect of price escalation claims including those linked to published indices and/or variation in contract work are recognized as revenue only if the contract allows for such claims or variations and /or there is evidence that the customer has accepted it and it is probable that these will result in revenue and are capable of being reliably measured.

Liquidated damages/penalties are provided for, based on managementâs assessment of the estimated liability, as per contractual terms, technical evaluation, past experience and/or acceptance.

b) Revenue from sale of services

Sale of services are recognized in the accounting period in which the services are rendered. For fixed-price contracts, revenue is recognized based on the actual service provided to the end of the reporting period as a proportion of the total services to be provided (percentage of completion method).

Other operational revenue represents income earned from the activities incidental to the business and is recognized when the right to receive the income is established as per the terms of contract.

2.12 Other income / other operating income

Interest income is recognized using the effective interest method. The âeffective interest methodâ is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset.

Export benefits are accounted for to the extent there is reasonable certainty of utilization/realization of the same.

2.13 Earnings per share

2.14 Provisions and contingent liabilities/ assets

A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows (representing the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date) at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognized as finance cost. Expected future operating losses are not provided for.

Warranty

A provision for warranties is recognized when the underlying products or services are sold. The provision is based on technical evaluation, historical warranty data and a weighting of all possible outcomes by their associated probabilities.

Onerous contract

A contract is considered to be onerous when the expected economic benefits to be derived by the Company from the contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract. The provision for an onerous contract is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before such a provision is made, the Company recognizes any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.

Restructuring

A provision for restructuring is recognized when the board has approved a detailed formal restructuring plan, and the restructuring either has commenced or has been announced publicly.

Site restoration

In accordance with the applicable legal requirements, a provision for decommission of assets, which are taken on lease, is recognized as per the terms of contract. The provision is measured at the present value of the best estimate of the cost of restoration.

Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and commitments are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

Contingent liabilities / assets

2.15 Exceptional items

2.16 Recent accounting pronouncements Applicable standards issued but not yet effective

MCA vide its notification dated 28 March 2018, notified Ind AS 115, âRevenue from Contracts with Customersâ. Ind AS 115 establishes a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. Ind AS 115 will supersede the current revenue recognition standard Ind AS 18 Revenue, Ind AS 11 Construction Contracts when it becomes effective.

The core principle of Ind AS 115 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Specifically, the standard introduces a 5-step approach to revenue recognition:

- Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer

- Step 2: Identify the performance obligation in contract

- Step 3: Determine the transaction price

- Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

- Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation

The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of Ind AS 115 on the Company including but not limited to transition approach, discounting of retention money, recognition method, disclosure requirement and others.

MCA vide its notification dated 28 March 2018, notified Appendix B, Foreign currency transactions and advance consideration to Ind AS 21. The amendment clarifies on the accounting of transactions that include the receipt or payment of advance consideration in a foreign currency. The appendix explains that the date of the transaction, for the purpose of determining the exchange rate, is the date of initial recognition of the non-monetary prepayment asset or deferred income liability. If there are multiple payments or receipts in advance, a date of transaction is established for each payment or receipt. Appendix B is effective from 1 April 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment.

* On 23 May 1997 Haryana Power Generation Corporation (HPGC) executed contracts with Alstom Germany and Alstom India (then ABB entities, predecessor in interest of the Alstom entities mentioned). On 17 April 2000 Alstom terminated the contracts due to breach by HPGC for non-payment of milestone payments due. In May 2001 HPGC encashed the bank guarantees of the two Alstom entities. Alstom then invoked arbitration. Arbitration proceedings lasted 9 years and the tribunal issued a reasoned unanimous award in May 2010.

HPGC then filed objections to the award in the district court of Panchkula and High Court of Chandigarh. Alstom won in all forums. Thereafter HPGC moved a special leave petition in the Supreme Court which is currently pending. Alstom / GE argued for and the Supreme court passed an order granting leave and issued an interim stay on the operation of the award, subject to payment of H 1,000 million (against Bank Guarantee). The amount of H 1,000 million along with interest thereon amounting to H 94.4 million (previous year H 32.4 million) (belonging to the two Alstom / GE entities) is thus held in trust pending final order and presented as âother current financial liabilitiesâ, refer note 24. Amount presented as âBank balances other than cash and cash equivalentsâ as on 31 March 2018, refer note 15.

Mar 31, 2017

1.1 Basis of preparation of financial statements

1.1.1 Statement of compliance

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, (the âActâ) and other relevant provisions of the Act.

The financial statements up to and for the year ended 31 March 2016 were prepared in accordance with the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (previous GAAP), notified under Section 133 of the Act and other relevant provisions of the Act.

As these are the Companyâs first financial statements prepared in accordance with Ind AS. Ind AS 101, First-time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards has been applied. An explanation of how the transition to Ind AS has affected the previously reported financial position, financial performance and cash flows of the Company is provided in Note 47.

Current versus non-current classification

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Companyâs normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

1.1.2 Basis of measurement

The financial statements have been prepared on historical cost basis, except for the following:

- certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivatives instruments) - measured at fair value,

- defined benefit assets / liability - fair value of plan assets less present value of defined benefit obligations,

- other financial assets and liabilities - measured at amortised cost.

1.1.3 Functional currency

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (Rupees or I NR), which is the Companyâs functional and presentation currency and all amounts are rounded to the nearest million and one decimals thereof, except as stated otherwise.

1.1.4 Use of estimates and judgements

In preparing these financial statements, management has made judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively.

Assumptions and estimation uncertainties

Assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment recognised in the financial statements are as under:

- measurement of useful life, residual values and impairment of property, plant and equipment,

- recognition of deferred tax assets: availability of future taxable profit against which tax losses carried forward can be used,

- measurement of defined benefit obligations and planned assets: key actuarial assumptions,

- recognition and measurement of provisions and contingencies: key assumptions about the likelihood and magnitude of an outflow of resources,

- impairment of financial assets and non financial assets

- revenue and margin recognition on construction and / or long term service contracts and related provision.

1.1.5 Measurement of fair values

A number of the accounting policies and disclosures require measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.

Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

- Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

- Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

- Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

Significant valuation issues are reported to the Companyâs audit committee.

The Company recognises transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

Further information about the assumptions made in measuring fair values used in preparing these financial statements is included in the respective notes.

1.2 Property, plant and equipment and Depreciation

Freehold land is carried at historical cost.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

The cost of fixed assets not ready for their intended use is recorded as capital work-in-progress before such date. Cost of construction that relate directly to specific fixed assets and that are attributable to construction activity in general and can be allocated to specific fixed assets are included in capital work-in-progress.

Transition to Ind As

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment recognised as at 1 April 2015 measured as per the B.1.1 and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of the property, plant and equipment. (Refer note 47)

Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value:

Freehold land is not depreciated. Leasehold assets and leasehold improvements are amortised over the period of the lease or the estimated useful life, whichever is lower.

For all the assets, based on technical evaluation , the management believes that the residual value is Nil.

1.3 Intangible assets and amortisation

Transition to Ind AS

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of intangible assets recognised as at 1 April 2015 measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of intangible assets. (Refer note 47)

Amortisation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value:

Intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives.

The Company amortises intangible assets with finite useful life using the straight-line method over the following periods:

1.4 Impairment of non financial assets

Assessment is done at each Balance Sheet date as to whether there is any indication that an asset (tangible and intangible) may be impaired. For the purpose of assessing impairment, the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets, is considered as a cash generating unit. If any such indication exists, an estimate of the recoverable amount of the asset/cash generating unit is made. Assets whose carrying value exceeds their recoverable amount are written down to the recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is higher of an assetâs or cash generating unitâs (CGU) fair value less cost of disposal and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessment of the time value of money and risk specific to the CGU (or the asset) expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

1.5 Cash and cash equivalents

1.6 Inventories

- Stores, spares, raw materials and components - at cost determined on the weighted average method.

Contracts work-in-progress (hereinafter referred to as âwork-in-progressâ) is valued at cost. Cost includes direct materials, labour and appropriate proportion of overheads including depreciation.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Provision for obsolescence is made, wherever necessary.

The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis.

1.7 Leases

i. Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease

At inception of an arrangement, it is determined whether the arrangement is or contains a lease.

ii. Assets held under leases

1.8 Employee benefits

(i) Short-term employee benefits

(ii) Post-employment obligations Defined contribution plans

Provident Fund: Contribution towards provident fund for certain employees is made to the regulatory authorities, where the Company has no further obligations. Such benefits are classified as defined contribution schemes as the Company does not carry any further obligations, apart from the contributions made on a monthly basis.

Superannuation: Contribution to Superannuation fund is charged to the statement of profit and loss on accrual basis. The Company pays contribution to a trust, which is maintained by Life Insurance Corporation of India to cover Companyâs liabilities towards Superannuation. Such benefits are classified as defined contrinbution plan as the Company does not carry any further obligations, apart from the contributions made on monthly basis.

Defined benefit plans

Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided on the basis of its actuarial valuation based on the projected unit credit method made at each Balance Sheet date. The Company funds gratuity benefits for its employees within the limits prescribed under The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 through contributions to a Scheme administered by the Life Insurance Corporation of India (âLICâ).

(iii) Other long-term employee benefit obligations

Changes in actuarial gains or losses are charged or credited to other comprehensive income in the period in which they arise.

1.9 Foreign currency

(i) Foreign currency transactions

(ii) Financial instruments

a. Recognition and initial measurement

b. Classification and subsequent measurement Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at

- amortised cost;

- FVOCI (fair value though other comprehensive income);

- FVTPL (fair value through statement of profit and loss)

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

- the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets: Business model assessment

- how the performance of the portfolio is evaluated and reported to the Companyâs management;

- the risks that affect the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and how those risks are managed;

- the frequency, volume and timing of sales of financial assets in prior periods, the reasons for such sales and expectations about future sales activity.

Financial assets that are held for trading or are managed and whose performance is evaluated on a fair value basis are measured at FVTPL.

Financial assets: Assessment whether contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest.

- contingent events that would change the amount or timing of cash flows;

- terms that may adjust the contractual coupon rate, including variable interest rate features;

- prepayment and extension features; and

- terms that limit the Companyâs claim to cash flows from specified assets (e.g. non-recourse features).

Financial liabilities: Classification, subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held-for-trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in statement of profit and loss. See Note 2.9(ii)(e) for financial liabilities designated as hedging instruments.

c. Derecognition Financial assets

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expired.

d. Offsetting

e. Derivative financial instrumanets and hedge accounting

The Company holds derivative financial instruments to hedge its foreign currency exposure.

Derivatives are initially measured at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognised in statement of profit and loss.

The Company designates certain derivatives as hedging instruments to hedge the variability in cash flows associated with highly probable forecast transactions arising from changes in foreign exchange rates.

At inception of designated hedging relationships, the Company documents the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge. The Company also documents the economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument, including whether the changes in cash flows of the hedged item and hedging instrument are expected to offset each other.

Fair value hedges

The change in the fair value of a hedging instrument is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. The change in the fair value of the hedged item attributable to the risk hedged is recorded as part of the carrying value of the hedged item and is also recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

For fair value hedges relating to items carried at amortised cost, any adjustment to carrying value is amortised through statement of profit and loss over the remaining term of the hedge using the EIR method. EIR amortisation may begin as soon as an adjustment exists and no later than when the hedged item ceases to be adjusted for changes in its fair value attributable to the risk being hedged.

If the hedged item is derecognised, the unamortised fair value is recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

When an unrecognised firm commitment is designated as a hedged item, the subsequent cumulative change in the fair value of the firm commitment attributable to the hedged risk is recognised as an asset or liability with a corresponding gain or loss recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

1.10 Income tax

Current tax

Deferred tax

1.11 Revenue

The Company recognises revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity and specific criteria have been met for each of the Companyâs activities as described below. The Company bases its estimates on historical results, taking into consideration the type of customer, the type of transaction and the specifics of each arrangement.

a) Revenue from construction contracts

Contract prices are either fixed or subject to price escalation clauses. Revenues are recognised on a percentage completion method measured by segmented portions of the contract, i.e. âContract Milestonesâ achieved. Contract Milestones, in respect of certain contracts, are considered on the basis of physical dispatch which is generally representative of the significant portion of the work done as per the terms and conditions of the contract. This inter alia involves discounting of the consideration due to the present value if payment extends beyond normal credit terms. The relevant cost is recognised in the financial statements in the year of recognition of revenues. Recognition of profit is adjusted to ensure that it does not exceed the estimated overall contract margin. Contract revenue earned in excess of billing has been included under âOther current financial assetsâ and billing in excess of contract revenue has been included under âOther current liabilitiesâ in the Balance Sheet.

Amounts due in respect of price escalation claims including those linked to published indices and/or variation in contract work are recognised as revenue only if the contract allows for such claims or variations and /or there is evidence that the customer has accepted it and it is probable that these will result in revenue and are capable of being reliably measured.

Liquidated damages/penalties are provided for, based on managementâs assessment of the estimated liability, as per contractual terms, technical evaluation, past experience and/or acceptance.

b) Revenue from sale of services

Other operational revenue represents income earned from the activities incidental to the business and is recognised when the right to receive the income is established as per the terms of contract.

1.12 Other income/other operating income

Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Export benefits are accounted for to the extent there is reasonable certainty of utilisation/realisation of the same.

1.13 Earnings per share

1.14 Provisions and contingent liabilities/ assets

Warranty

Onerous contract

Restructuring

A provision for restructuring is recognised when the board has approved a detailed formal restructuring plan, and the restructuring either has commenced or has been announced publicly.

Site restoration

Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and commitments are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

Contingencies

1.15 Recent accounting pronouncements

Applicable standards issued but not yet effective

The amendment to Ind AS 7 requires the entities to provide disclosures that enable users of financial statements to evaluate changes in liabilities arising from financing activities, including both changes arising from cash flows and non-cash changes, suggesting inclusion of a reconciliation between the opening and closing balances in the balance sheet for liabilities arising from financing activities, to meet the disclosure requirement.

The Company is evaluating the requirements of the amendment and the effect on the financial statements is being evaluated.

Mar 31, 2016

1. General information

ALSTOM India Limited (''AILâor ''the Company'') is a publicly owned Company, incorporated on 2 September 1992 as Asea Brown Boveri Management Limited, registered with the Registrar of Companies, Maharashtra.

Its operations includes a composite range of activities viz. engineering, procurement, manufacturing, construction and servicing etc. of power plants and power equipment.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

2.1 Basis of preparation of financial statements

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (GAAP) under the historical cost convention on accrual basis, except for certain tangible assets which are being carried at revalued amounts. These financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material aspects with the accounting standards specified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act), read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Companies Act, 2013.

The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements are consistent with those applied in previous year.

2.2 Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and action, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

2.3 Tangible assets and Depreciation

Tangible assets are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case may be), net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises purchase price and any other attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

Subsequent expenditures related to an item of fixed asset are added to its book value only if they increase the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.

Gains or losses arising from disposal of assets are measured as the differences between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the assets and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is disposed off.

Depreciation is provided on a pro-rata basis on Straight Line Method (SLM) using the rates arrived based on the useful lives of assets specified in Part C of Schedule II thereto of the Companies Act, 2013 or useful lives of assets estimated by the management based on technical advice in cases where a useful life is different than the useful lives indicated in Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, as follows :

Leasehold assets and leasehold improvements are amortized over the period of the lease or the estimated useful life whichever is lower. In respect of the revalued assets, the difference between the depreciation calculated on the revalued amount and that calculated on the original cost is recouped from the revaluation reserve account.

In previous year, in accordance with the guidelines under Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, based on technical evaluation, the management reassessed the remaining useful life of assets with effect from 01 April 2014. Accordingly, the useful life of certain assets required change from previous estimates. If the Company had continued with the previously assessed useful lives, amount of accumulated depreciation as at 31 March 2015 would have been lower by 186.9 MINR. Of this amount, 72.3 MINR pertained to those assets where the remaining useful life of an asset was nil and recognized in the opening balance of retained earnings and revaluation reserve.

2.4 Intangible Assets and Amortization

Intangible Assets are stated at acquisition cost, net of accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives. The amortization period and the amortization method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the amortization period is changed accordingly.

2.5 Impairment of assets

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is greater than the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

A previously recognized impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on changes in circumstances. However, the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no impairment.

2.6 Foreign currency transactions

Initial Recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. All non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.

Exchange Differences

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

Forward Exchange Contracts not intended for trading or speculation purposes

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contracts covered under AS-11 is amortized as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward exchange contract is recognized as income or as expense for the year.

2.7 Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedge Accounting

The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward exchange contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations. The foreign exchange contracts other than those covered under AS-11, entered for non speculative purposes are valued on the basis of a fair value on marked to market basis and any loss/gain on valuation is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss, on a portfolio basis.

If the relationships between the foreign currency exposure and the related derivatives are qualifying relationships, the Company uses specific accounting treatments designated as hedge accounting. A relationship qualifies for hedge accounting if, at the inception of the hedge, it is formally designated and documented and if it proves to be highly effective throughout the financial reporting periods for which the hedge was designated.

Hedging relationships may be of two types:

- Cash flow hedge in case of hedge of the exposure to variability of cash flows attributable to highly probable forecast transactions;

- Fair value hedge in case of hedge of the exposure attributable to recognized assets, liabilities or firm commitments.

Fair Value Hedge

When fair value hedge accounting applies and the relationship qualifies as an effective hedge, changes in the fair value of derivatives and changes in the fair value of hedged items i.e. firm commitments are both recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss and offset each other. Realized and unrealized exchange gains and losses on hedged items and hedging instruments are recorded within the same line item as the hedged item when they relate to operating activities or financial income or expense when they relate to financing activities.

Cash Flow Hedge

The gain or loss on effective hedges, if any, is considered in hedge reserve, until the transaction is complete. On completion, the gain or loss is transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss of that year.

Changes in fair value relating to the ineffective portion of the hedges and derivatives not qualifying or not designated as hedge are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the accounting year in which they arise.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when (a) the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or (b) the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, or (c) the Company revokes the hedge designation, or (d) management no longer expects the forecast transaction to occur.

2.8 Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of various categories of inventories is arrived at as follows:

- Stores, spares, raw materials and components - at cost determined on the moving weighted average method.

Net Realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Provision for obsolescence is made, wherever necessary.

2.9 Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

2.9.1 Revenues and costs relating to construction contracts

Contract prices are either fixed or subject to price escalation clauses. Revenues are recognized on a percentage completion method measured by segmented portions of the contract, i.e. "Contract Milestonesâ achieved. Contract Milestones, in respect of certain contracts, are considered on the basis of physical dispatch which is generally representative of the significant portion of the work done as per the terms and conditions of the contract. The relevant cost is recognized in the financial statements in the year of recognition of revenues. Recognition of profit is adjusted to ensure that it does not exceed the estimated overall contract margin. With respect to construction contracts, the aggregate amount of costs incurred to date plus recognized margin less recognized loss to date less progress billings net of advances received is determined on each contract. If the amount is positive, it is included as an asset designated as "Construction contracts in progress, assetsâ. If the amount is negative, it is included as a liability designated as "Construction contracts in progress, liabilitiesâ. Cost includes direct materials, labour and appropriate proportion of overheads including depreciation. Certain costs / provision relating to activities of contract closure are included in construction contracts in progress. The captions "Construction contracts in progress, liabilitiesâ and "Construction contracts in progress, assetsâ also includes down payments received from customers adjusted on an individual project basis.

If it is expected that a contract will make a loss, the estimated loss is provided for in the books of account. Such losses are based on technical assessments.

Liquidated damages/penalties, warranties and contingencies are provided for, based on management''s assessment of the estimated liability, as per contractual terms, technical evaluation, past experience and/or acceptance.

2.9.2 Revenues from sale of products and services

Revenues from sale of products are recognized on dispatch of goods to customers which corresponds to transfer of significant risk and rewards of ownership and are net of sales tax and trade discounts. Revenues from services are recognized when such services are rendered as per contract terms.

Other operational revenue represents income earned from the activities incidental to the business and is recognized when the right to receive the income is established as per the terms of contract.

2.10 Other income

Interest Income is recognized on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

Export Benefits are accounted for to the extent there is reasonable certainty of utilization/realization of the same.

2.11 Employee benefits

Provident Fund: Contribution towards provident fund for certain employees is made to the regulatory authorities, where the Company has no further obligations. Such benefits are classified as Defined Contribution Schemes as the Company does not carry any further obligations, apart from the contributions made on a monthly basis.

In respect of certain employees, Provident Fund contributions are made to a Trust administered by the Company. Such benefits are classified as Defined Benefit Plan. The Company''s liability is actuarially determined (using the Projected Unit Credit method) at the end of the year and any shortfall in the fund size maintained by the Trust set up by the Company is additionally provided for. The Company recognizes the actuarial losses/ gains in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

Gratuity liability: Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and the Company''s liability is actuarially determined (using the Projected Unit Credit method) at the end of each year. The Company funds the benefit through contributions to LIC. The Company recognizes the actuarial gains & losses in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.

Compensated Absences: Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encased within 12 months from the end of the year end are treated as short term employee benefits. The obligation towards the same is measured at the expected cost of accumulating compensated absences as the additional amount expected to be paid as a result of the unused entitlement as at the year end.

Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encased beyond 12 months from the end of the year end are treated as other long term employee benefits. The Company''s liability is actuarially determined (using the Projected Unit Credit method) at the end of each year. The Company recognizes the actuarial losses/ gains in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

Superannuation: Contribution to Superannuation fund, which is a defined contribution plan, is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss on accrual basis. The Company pays contribution to a trust , which is maintained by Life Insurance Corporation of India to cover Company''s liabilities towards Superannuation.

2.12 Leases

Where the Company is the lessee

Operating Leases

Leases where the less or effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Finance Leases

Finance leases, which effectively transfers to the Company, substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of leased item are capitalized at the inception of the lease term at the lower of the fair value of the leased property and the present value of minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges and reduction of lease liability, so as to achieve a constant periodic rate of interest on remaining balance of the liability for each period. Finance charges are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.13 Investments

Investments that are readily realizable and are intended to be held for not more than one year from the date, on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long term investments. Current investments are carried at cost or fair value, whichever is lower. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution is made to recognize a decline, other than temporary, in the value of the investments, such reduction being determined and made for each investment individually.

Trade Investment comprises investment in subsidiary Companies.

2.14 Tax Expense

Tax expense for the period, comprising current tax and deferred tax, are included in the determination of the net profit or loss for the period. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the taxation laws prevailing in the respective jurisdictions.

Deferred tax is recognized for all the timing differences, subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward only to the extent that there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In the situation where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realized against future taxable profits. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet date. At each Balance Sheet date, the Company reassesses unrecognized deferred tax assets, if any. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is subsequently reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off assets against liabilities representing current tax and where the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing taxation laws.

2.15 Provisions and Contingencies

Provisions: Provisions are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and there is a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the Balance Sheet date and are not discounted to its present value.

Contingent Liabilities: Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.

2.16 Segment reporting

The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in conformity with the accounting standard. Segment revenues, segment expenses and segment results include transfers between business segments, that are based on negotiation between segments with reference to the costs, market prices and business risks, within the overall optimization objective for the Company and are comparable with competitive market prices charged to external customers. Inter-segment transfers are eliminated on aggregation. Revenue and expenses have been identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment. Revenue and expenses, which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on a reasonable basis, have been included under "Unallocated corporate expensesâ

2.17 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year and for all years presented is adjusted for events, such as bonus shares, other than the conversion of potential equity shares, that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

2.18 Cash and cash equivalents

In the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, demand deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

2.19 Commitments and contingencies

Commitments arising from execution of operations controlled by the Company :

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is committed to fulfill various types of obligations arising from customer contracts (among which full performance and warranty obligations). Obligations may also arise from leases and regulations in respect of tax, custom duties, environment, health and safety. These obligations may or may not be guaranteed by guarantees issued by banks.

As the Company is in a position to control the execution of these obligations, a liability only arises if an obligating event (such as a dispute or a late completion) has occurred and makes it likely that an outflow of resources will occur.

When the liability is considered as only possible but not probable or, when probable, cannot be reliably measured, it is disclosed as a contingent liability.

When the liability is considered as probable and can be reliably measured, the impact on the financial statements is the following:

- if the additional liability is directly related to the execution of a customer contract in progress, the estimated gross margin at completion of the contract is reassessed; the cumulated margin recognized to date based on the percentage of completion and the accrual for future contract loss, if any, are adjusted accordingly.

- if the additional liability is not directly related to a contract in progress, a liability is immediately recognized on the balance sheet.

The contractual obligations of subcontractors towards the Company are of the same nature as those of the Company towards its customers. They may be secured by the same type of guarantees as those provided to the Company''s customers.

Any additional income resulting from a third party obligation is taken into account only when it becomes virtually certain.

Commitments arising from execution of operations not wholly within the control of the Company :

Obligations towards third parties may arise from ongoing legal proceedings. In case of legal proceedings, a contingent liability is disclosed when the liability is considered as only possible but not probable, or, when probable, cannot be reliably measured.

A provision is recorded if the obligation is considered as probable and can be reliably measured.

b. Terms / rights attached to equity shares

The Company has only one class of equity shares having a par value of Rs,10 per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share. The Company declares and pays dividends, if any, in Indian rupees. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors, if any, is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting, except in case of interim dividend.

In the event of liquidation of Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.

c. Shares held by holding / ultimate holding Company and / or their subsidiaries/ associates

(refer to note 33.1]

e. Shares allotted as fully paid up pursuant to contract(s) without payment being received in cash (during 5 years immediately preceding 31 March 2016)

6,097,561 Equity shares of Rs,10 each issued to the erstwhile shareholders of ALSTOM Holdings (India) Limited pursuant to the Scheme of Amalgamation which became effective on 20 April 2012 with effect from 1 April 2011, the appointed date without payment being received in cash.

Provision for tax litigation/ disputes represents amounts that the Company is likely to pay on account of demands raised by Tax authorities / other parties which have been disputed by the Company. Due to the very nature of the above costs, it is not possible to estimate the timing/ uncertainties relating to their outcome.

Employee stock options

Certain employees of the Company are covered under schemes like stock options, stock appreciation rights, free shares, discounted shares etc. by ALSTOM, France / GE Fx and commodities. However, cost of such grant is not recharged to the Company and accordingly not accounted for in these financial statements.

Mar 31, 2015

1.1 Basis of preparation of financial statements

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (GAAP) under the historical cost convention on accrual basis, except for certain tangible assets which are being carried at revalued amounts. These financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material aspects with the accounting standards specified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act), read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Companies Act, 2013.

The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements are consistent with those applied in previous year.

2.2 Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and action, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

2.3 Tangible assets and Depreciation

Tangible assets are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case may be), net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises purchase price and any other attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

The cost of fixed assets not ready for their intended use is recorded as capital work-in-progress before such date. Cost of construction that relate directly to specific fixed assets and that are attributable to construction activity in general and can be allocated to specific fixed assets are included in capital work-in-progress.

Subsequent expenditures related to an item of fixed asset are added to its book value only if they increase the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.

Gains or losses arising from disposal of assets are measured as the differences between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the assets and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is disposed off.

Depreciation is provided on a pro-rata basis on Straight Line Method (SLM) using the rates arrived based on the useful lives of assets specified in Part C of Schedule II thereto of the Companies Act, 2013 or useful lives of assets estimated by the management based on technical advice in cases where a useful life is different than the useful lives indicated in Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, as follows :

Leasehold assets and leasehold improvements are amortised over the period of the lease or the estimated useful life whichever is lower. In respect of the revalued assets, the difference between the depreciation calculated on the revalued amount and that calculated on the original cost is recouped from the revaluation reserve account.

During the year in accordance with the guidelines under Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, based on technical evaluation, the management reassessed, with effect from 01 April 2014, the remaining useful life of assets. Accordingly, the useful life of certain assets required change from previous estimates. If the Company had continued with the previously assessed useful lives, amount of accumulated depreciation as at 31 March 2015 would have been lower by 186.9 MINR. Of this amount, 72.2 MINR pertained to those assets where the remaining useful life of an asset is nil and recognised in the opening balance of retained earnings and revaluation reserve.

2.4 Intangible Assets and Amortization

Intangible Assets are stated at acquisition cost, net of accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives. The amortisation period and the amortisation method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the amortisation period is changed accordingly.

2.5 Impairment of assets

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is greater than the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

A previously recognised impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on changes in circumstances. However, the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no impairment.

2.6 Foreign currency transactions Initial Recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. All non- monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.

Exchange Differences

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

Forward Exchange Contracts not intended for trading or speculation purposes

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contracts covered under AS-11 is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense for the year.

2.7 Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedge Accounting

The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward exchange contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations. The foreign exchange contracts other than those covered under AS-11, entered for non speculative purposes are valued on the basis of a fair value on marked to market basis and any loss/gain on valuation is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss, on a portfolio basis.

If the relationships between the foreign currency exposure and the related derivatives are qualifying relationships, the Company uses specific accounting treatments designated as hedge accounting. A relationship qualifies for hedge accounting if, at the inception of the hedge, it is formally designated and documented and if it proves to be highly effective throughout the financial reporting periods for which the hedge was designated.

Hedging relationships may be of two types:

- Cash flow hedge in case of hedge of the exposure to variability of cash flows attributable to highly probable forecast transactions;

- Fair value hedge in case of hedge of the exposure attributable to recognized assets, liabilities or firm commitments.

Fair Value Hedge

When fair value hedge accounting applies and the relationship qualifies as an effective hedge, changes in the fair value of derivatives and changes in the fair value of hedged items i.e. firm commitments are both recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and offset each other. Realized and unrealized exchange gains and losses on hedged items and hedging instruments are recorded within the same line item as the hedged item when they relate to operating activities or financial income or expense when they relate to financing activities.

Cash Flow Hedge

The gain or loss on effective hedges, if any, is considered in hedge reserve, until the transaction is complete. On completion, the gain or loss is transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss of that year.

Changes in fair value relating to the ineffective portion of the hedges and derivatives not qualifying or not designated as hedge are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the accounting year in which they arise.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when (a) the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or (b) the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, or (c) the Company revokes the hedge designation, or (d) management no longer expects the forecast transaction to occur.

2.8 Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of various categories of inventories is arrived at as follows:

- Stores, spares, raw materials and components - at cost determined on the moving weighted average method.

- Packing materials, loose tools and consumables, being immaterial in value terms, and also based on their purchase mostly on need basis, are expensed to the statement of profit and loss at the point of purchase.

Net Realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Provision for obsolescence is made, wherever necessary.

2.9 Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

2.9.1 Revenues and costs relating to construction contracts

Contract prices are either fixed or subject to price escalation clauses. Revenues are recognised on a percentage completion method measured by segmented portions of the contract, i.e. "Contract Milestones" achieved. Contract Milestones, in respect of certain contracts, are considered on the basis of physical dispatch which is generally representative of the significant portion of the work done as per the terms and conditions of the contract. The relevant cost is recognised in the financial statements in the year of recognition of revenues. Recognition of profit is adjusted to ensure that it does not exceed the estimated overall contract margin. With respect to construction contracts, the aggregate amount of costs incurred to date plus recognised margin less recognised loss to date less progress billings net of advances received is determined on each contract. If the amount is positive, it is included as an asset designated as "Construction contracts in progress, assets". If the amount is negative, it is included as a liability designated as "Construction contracts in progress, liabilities". Cost includes direct materials, labour and appropriate proportion of overheads including depreciation. Certain costs / provision relating to activities of contract closure are included in construction contracts in progress. The captions "Construction contracts in progress, liabilities" and "Construction contracts in progress, assets" also includes down payments received from customers adjusted on an individual project basis.

If it is expected that a contract will make a loss, the estimated loss is provided for in the books of account. Such losses are based on technical assessments.

Amounts due in respect of price escalation claims including those linked to published indices and/or variation in contract work are recognised as revenue only if the contract allows for such claims or variations and /or there is evidence that the customer has accepted it and it is probable that these will result in revenue and are capable of being reliably measured.

Liquidated damages/penalties, warranties and contingencies are provided for, based on management''s assessment of the estimated liability, as per contractual terms, technical evaluation, past experience and/or acceptance.

2.9.2 Revenues from sale of products and services

Revenues from sale of products are recognised on dispatch of goods to customers which corresponds to transfer of significant risk and rewards of ownership and are net of sales tax and trade discounts. Revenues from services are recognised when such services are rendered as per contract terms.

Other operational revenue represents income earned from the activities incidental to the business and is recognised when the right to receive the income is established as per the terms of contract.

2.10 Other income

Interest Income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

Export Benefits are accounted for to the extent there is reasonable certainty of utilisation/realisation of the same.

2.11 Employee benefits

Provident Fund: Contribution towards provident fund for certain employees is made to the regulatory authorities, where the Company has no further obligations. Such benefits are classified as Defined Contribution Schemes as the Company does not carry any further obligations, apart from the contributions made on a monthly basis.

In respect of certain employees, Provident Fund contributions are made to a Trust administered by the Company. Such benefits are classified as Defined Benefit Plan. The Company''s liability is actuarially determined (using the Projected Unit Credit method) at the end of the year and any shortfall in the fund size maintained by the Trust set up by the Company is additionally provided for. The Company recognises the actuarial losses/gains in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

Gratuity liability: Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and the Company''s liability is actuarially determined (using the Projected Unit Credit method) at the end of each year. The Company funds the benefit through contributions to LIC. The Company recognises the actuarial gains & losses in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.

Compensated Absences: Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed within 12 months from the end of the year end are treated as short term employee benefits. The obligation towards the same is measured at the expected cost of accumulating compensated absences as the additional amount expected to be paid as a result of the unused entitlement as at the year end.

Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed beyond 12 months from the end of the year end are treated as other long term employee benefits. The Company''s liability is actuarially determined (using the Projected Unit Credit method) at the end of each year. The Company recognises the actuarial losses/ gains in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

Superannuation: Contribution to Superannuation fund, which is a defined contribution plan, is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss on accrual basis. The Company pays contribution to a trust , which is maintained by Life Insurance Corporation of India to cover Company''s liabilities towards Superannuation.

2.12 Leases

Where the Company is the lessee Operating Leases

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Finance Leases

Finance leases, which effectively transfers to the Company, substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of leased item are capitalised at the inception of the lease term at the lower of the fair value of the leased property and the present value of minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges and reduction of lease liability, so as to achieve a constant periodic rate of interest on remaining balance of the liability for each period. Finance charges are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.13 Investments

Investments that are readily realisable and are intended to be held for not more than one year from the date, on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long term investments. Current investments are carried at cost or fair value, whichever is lower. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of the investments, such reduction being determined and made for each investment individually. Trade Investment comprises investment in subsidiary Companies.

2.14 Tax Expense

Tax expense for the period, comprising current tax and deferred tax, are included in the determination of the net profit or loss for the period. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the taxation laws prevailing in the respective jurisdictions.

Deferred tax is recognised for all the timing differences, subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In the situation where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realised against future taxable profits. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet date. At each Balance Sheet date, the Company reassesses unrecognised deferred tax assets, if any. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is subsequently reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off assets against liabilities representing current tax and where the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing taxation laws.

2.15 Provisions and Contingencies

Provisions: Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and there is a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the Balance Sheet date and are not discounted to its present value.

Contingent Liabilities: Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.

2.16 Segment reporting policies

The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in conformity with the accounting standard. Segment revenues, segment expenses and segment results include transfers between business segments, that are based on negotiation between segments with reference to the costs, market prices and business risks, within the overall optimisation objective for the Company and are comparable with competitive market prices charged to external customers. Inter-segment transfers are eliminated on aggregation. Revenue and expenses have been identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment. Revenue and expenses, which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on a reasonable basis, have been included under "Unallocated corporate expenses".

2.17 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year and for all years presented is adjusted for events, such as bonus shares, other than the conversion of potential equity shares, that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

2.18 Cash and cash equivalents

In the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, demand deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

2.19 Commitments and contingencies

Commitments arising from execution of operations controlled by the Company :

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is committed to fulfill various types of obligations arising from customer contracts (among which full performance and warranty obligations). Obligations may also arise from leases and regulations in respect of tax, custom duties, environment, health and safety. These obligations may or may not be guaranteed by guarantees issued by banks.

As the Company is in a position to control the execution of these obligations, a liability only arises if an obligating event (such as a dispute or a late completion) has occurred and makes it likely that an outflow of resources will occur.

When the liability is considered as only possible but not probable or, when probable, cannot be reliably measured, it is disclosed as a contingent liability.

When the liability is considered as probable and can be reliably measured, the impact on the financial statements is the following:

- if the additional liability is directly related to the execution of a customer contract in progress, the estimated gross margin at completion of the contract is reassessed; the cumulated margin recognised to date based on the percentage of completion and the accrual for future contract loss, if any, are adjusted accordingly.

- if the additional liability is not directly related to a contract in progress, a liability is immediately recognised on the balance sheet.

The contractual obligations of subcontractors towards the Company are of the same nature as those of the Company towards its customers. They may be secured by the same type of guarantees as those provided to the Company''s customers.

Any additional income resulting from a third party obligation is taken into account only when it becomes virtually certain.

Commitments arising from execution of operations not wholly within the control of the Company :

Obligations towards third parties may arise from ongoing legal proceedings. In case of legal proceedings, a contingent liability is disclosed when the liability is considered as only possible but not probable, or, when probable, cannot be reliably measured.

A provision is recorded if the obligation is considered as probable and can be reliably measured.

Mar 31, 2013

1.1 Basis of preparation offinancial statements

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (GAAP) under the historical cost convention on accrual basis, except for certain tangible assets which are being carried at revalued amounts. These financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material aspects with the accounting standards notified under Section 21l(3C) [Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, as amended] and the other relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956.

The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of thesefinancial statements are consistent with those applied in previous year.

1.2 Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and action, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

1.3 Tangible assets

Tangible assets are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case may be), net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises purchase price and any other attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

Subsequent expenditures related to an item of fixed asset are added to its book value only if they increase the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.

Gains or loss arising from derecognition of assets are measured as the differences between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the assets and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

Depreciation is provided on a pro-rata basis on Straight Line Method (SLM) using the rates arrived based on the useful lives estimated by the management, or at rates prescribed in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, whichever is higher, as follows:

Leasehold assets and leasehold improvements are amortised over the period of the lease or the estimated useful life whichever is lower. Assets costing below Rs. five thousand are fully depreciated in the year of purchase. In respect of the revalued assets, the difference between the depreciation calculated on the revalued amount and that calculated on the original cost is recouped from the revaluation reserve account.

1.4 Intangible assets

Intangible Assets are stated at acquisition cost, net of accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives. The amortisation period and the amortisation method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life ofthe asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the amortisation period is changed accordingly.

Gains or loss arising from derecognition of assets are measured as the differences between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the assets and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized. The amortisation rates used are :

1.5 Impairment of assets

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is greater than the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

A previously recognised impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on changes in circumstances. However, the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no impairment.

1.6 Foreign currency transactions Initial Recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. All non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.

Exchange Differences

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

Forward Exchange Contracts not intended for trading or speculation purposes

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contracts covered under AS-11 is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense for the year.

1.7 Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of various categories of inventories is arrived at as follows:

- Stores, spares, raw materials and components - at cost determined on the moving weighted average method.

- Work-in-progress and finished goods - based on weighted average cost of production, including appropriate proportion ofcostsofconversion. Excisedutyisincluded inthevalueof finished goodsinventory.

- Packing materials, loose tools and consumables, being immaterial in value terms, and also based on their purchase mostly on need basis, are expensed to the profit and loss account at the point of purchase.

Net Realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Provision for obsolescence is made, wherever necessary.

1.8 Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

1.8.1 Revenues and costs relating to long-term contracts

Contract prices are either fixed or subject to price escalation clauses. Revenues are recognised on a percentage completion method measured by segmented portions of the contract, i.e. "Contract Milestones" achieved. Contract Milestones, in respect of certain contracts, are considered on the basis of physical dispatch which is generally representative of the significant portion of the work done as per the terms and conditions of the contract. The relevant cost is recognised in the financial statements in the year of recognition of revenues. Recognition of profit is adjusted to ensure that it does not exceed the estimated overall contract margin. With respect to construction contracts and long-term service agreements, the aggregate amount of costs incurred to date plus recognised margin less recognised loss to date less progress billings is determined on each contract. If the amount is positive, it is included as an asset designated as "Construction contracts in progress, assets". If the amount is negative, it is included as a liability designated as "Construction contracts in progress, liabilities". Cost includes direct materials, labour and appropriate proportion of overheads including depreciation. Certain costs / provision relating to activities of contract closure are included in construction contracts in progress. The captions "Construction contracts in progress, liabilities" and "Construction contracts in progress, assets" also includes down payments received from customers adjusted on an individual project basis.

If it is expected that a contract will make a loss, the estimated loss is provided for in the books of account. Such losses are based on technical assessments.

Amounts due in respect of price escalation claims including those linked to published indices and/or variation in contract work are recognised as revenue only if the contract allows for such claims or variations and /or there is evidence that the customer has accepted it and it is probable that these will result in revenue and are capable of being reliably measured.

Liquidated damages/penalties, warranties and contingencies are provided for, based on management''s assessment of the estimated liability, as per contractual terms, technical evaluation, past experience and/or acceptance.

1.8.2 Revenues from sale of products and services

Revenues from sale of products are recognised on dispatch of goods to customers which corresponds to transfer of significant risk and rewards of ownership and are net of sales tax and trade discounts. Revenues from services are recognised when such services are rendered as per contract terms.

1.9 Other income

Interest Income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Export Benefits are accounted forto the extentthere is reasonable certainty of utilisation ofthe same.

1.10 Employee benefits

Provident Fund: Contribution towards provident fund for certain employees is made to the regulatory authorities, where the Company has no further obligations. Such benefits are classified as Defined Contribution Schemes as the Company does not carry any further obligations, apart from the contributions made on a monthly basis.

In respect of certain employees, Provident Fund contributions are made to a Trust administered by the Company. The Company''s liability is actuarially determined (using the Projected Unit Credit method) at the end of the year and any shortfall in the fund size maintained by the Trust set up by the Company is additionally provided for. Actuarial losses/gains are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

Gratuity liability: Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and the Company''s liability is actuarially determined (using the Projected Unit Credit method) at the end of each year. The Company funds the benefit through contributions to LIC. The Company recognises the actuarial gains & losses in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.

Compensated Absences: Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed within 12 months from the end of the year end are treated as short term employee benefits. The obligation towards the same is measured at the expected cost of accumulating compensated absences as the additional amount expected to be paid as a result of the unused entitlement as at the year end.

Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed beyond 12 months from the end of the year end are treated as other long term employee benefits. The Company''s liability is actuarially determined (using the Projected Unit Credit method) at the end of each year. Actuarial losses/ gains are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

Superannuation: Contribution to Superannuation fund which is defined contribution plan is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss on accrual basis. The Company pays contribution to a trust, which is maintained by Life Insurance Corporation of India to cover Company''s liabilities towards Superannuation.

1.11 Leases

Where the Company is the lessee Operating Leases

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Finance Leases

Finance leases, which effectively transfers to the Company, substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of leased item are capitalised at the inception of the lease term at the lower of the fair value of the leased property and the present value of minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges and reduction of lease liability, so as to achieve a constant periodic rate of interest on remaining balance of the liability for each period. Finance charges are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.12 Investments

Investments that are readily realisable and are intended to be held for not more than one year from the date, on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long term investments. Current investments are carried at cost or fair value, whichever is lower. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of the investments, such reduction being determined and made for each investment individually.

1.13 Tax Expense

Tax expense for the period, comprising current tax and deferred tax, are included in the determination of the net profit or loss for the period. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the taxation laws prevailing in the respective jurisdictions.

Deferred tax is recognised for all the timing differences, subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In the situation where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realised against future taxable profits. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet date. At each Balance Sheet date, the Company reassesses unrecognised deferred tax assets, if any. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is subsequently reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off assets against liabilities representing current tax and where the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing taxation laws.

1.14 Provisions and Contingencies

Provisions: Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and there is a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the Balance sheet date and are not discounted to its present value.

Contingent Liabilities: Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.

1.15 Segment reporting policies

The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in conformity with the accounting policies adopted by the Company. Segment revenues, segment expenses and segment results include transfers between business segments, that are based on negotiation between segments with reference to the costs, market prices and business risks, within the overall optimisation objective for the Company and are comparable with competitive market prices charged to external customers. Inter-segment transfers are eliminated on aggregation. Revenue and expenses have been identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment. Revenue and expenses, which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on a reasonable basis, have been included under "Unallocated corporate expenses".

1.16 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year and for all years presented is adjusted for events, such as bonus shares, other than the conversion of potential equity shares, that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

1.17 Cash and cash equivalents

In the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents includes cash in hand, demand deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

1.18 Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedge Accounting

The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward exchange contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations. The foreign exchange contracts other than those covered under AS-11, entered for non speculative purposes are valued on the basis of a fair value on marked to market basis and any loss/gain on valuation is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss, on a portfolio basis.

If the relationships between the foreign currency exposure and the related derivatives are qualifying relationships, the Company uses specific accounting treatments designated as hedge accounting. A relationship qualifies for hedge accounting if, at the inception of the hedge, it is formally designated and documented and if it proves to be highly effective throughout the financial reporting periods for which the hedge was designated.

Hedging relationships may be of two types:

- Cash flow hedge in case of hedge of the exposure to variability of cash flows attributable to highly probable forecast transactions;

- Fair value hedge in case of hedge of the exposure attributable to recognized assets, liabilities or firm commitments.

Fair Value Hedge

When fair value hedge accounting applies and the relationship qualifies as an effective hedge, changes in the fair value of derivatives and changes in the fair value of hedged items i.e. firm commitments are both recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and offset each other. Realized and unrealized exchange gains and losses on hedged items and hedging instruments are recorded within the same line item as the hedged item when they relate to operating activities or financial income or expense when they relate to financing activities.

Cash Flow Hedge

The gain or loss on effective hedges, if any, is considered in hedge reserve, until the transaction is complete. On completion, the gain or loss is transferred to the profit and loss account ofthatyear.

Changes in fair value relating to the ineffective portion of the hedges and derivatives not qualifying or not designated as hedge are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the accounting year in which they arise.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when (a) the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or (b) the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, or (c) the Company revokes the hedge designation, or (d) management no longer expects the forecast transaction to occur.

1.19 Commitments and contingencies

Commitments arising from execution of operations controlled by the Company :

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is committed to fulfill various types of obligations arising from customer contracts (among which full performance and warranty obligations). Obligations may also arise from leases and regulations in respect of tax, custom duties, environment, health and safety. These obligations may or may not be guaranteed by guarantees issued by banks.

As the Company is in a position to control the execution of these obligations, a liability only arises if an obligating event (such as a dispute or a late completion) has occurred and makes it likely that an outflow of resources will occur.

When the liability is considered as only possible but not probable or, when probable, cannot be reliably measured, it is disclosed as a contingent liability.

When the liability is considered as probable and can be reliably measured, the impact on the financial statements is the following:

- if the additional liability is directly related to the execution of a customer contract in progress, the estimated gross margin at completion ofthe contract is reassessed; the cumulated margin recognised to date based on the percentage of completion and the accrual for future contract loss, if any, are adjusted accordingly.

- if the additional liability is not directly related to a contract in progress, a liability is immediately recognised on the balance sheet.

The contractual obligations of subcontractors towards the Company are of the same nature as those of the Company towards its customers. They may be secured by the same type of guarantees as those provided to the Company''s customers.

Any additional income resulting from a third party obligation is taken into account only when it becomes virtually certain.

Commitments arising from execution of operations not wholly within the control of the Company :

Obligations towards third parties may arise from ongoing legal proceedings. In case of legal proceedings, a contingent liability is disclosed when the liability is considered as only possible but not probable, or, when probable, cannot be reliably measured.

A provision is recorded if the obligation is considered as probable and can be reliably measured.

Mar 31, 2012

1.1 Basis of preparation of financial statements

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India under the historical cost convention on accrual basis, except for certain tangible assets which are being carried at revalued amounts. These financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material aspects with the accounting standards notified under Section 211(3C), Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, as amended and the other relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956.

The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements are consistent with those applied in previous year, except the changes in accounting policies explained below:

Effective 1 April 2011 the Company has adopted the principles of accounting for derivative contracts at fair value in the Statement of profit and loss as well as principles of hedge accounting with effect from 1 October 2011, to the extent they do not conflict with the requirements of the existing accounting standards notified under u/s 211(3C) of the Companies Act, 1956 and/or other regulatory requirements (refer note 2.18 below). Hitherto derivative contracts other than those covered under Accounting Standard 11 " The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates" (AS-11), were valued on marked to market basis and any loss on valuation was recognised in the Statement of profit and loss, on a portfolio basis and any gain arising on this valuation were not recognised in line with the principle of prudence as enunciated in Accounting Standard 1 Ã 'Disclosure of Accounting Policies'.

On adoption of new principles for accounting of derivatives, the mark to market gains of Rs. 19.1 Million (net of tax effects of Rs. 9.1 Million) on forward exchange contracts outstanding as at 1 April 2011 (not being contracts accounted under AS- 11) have been adjusted against Opening Reserves and Surplus as a transition adjustment. Further the Company applied hedge accounting principles in respect of certain derivative contracts with effect from 1 October 2011 consequent to which firm commitment asset of Rs. 222.2 Million and cash flow hedging reserve of Rs. 54.2 Million (net of tax effects of Rs. 26.0 Million) have been recorded in the Balance Sheet with corresponding effects in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Had the Company followed its previous accounting policy relating to derivatives the profit before tax for the year would have been lower by Rs. 97.7 Million and the Total Assets and Total Liabilities as at 31 March 2012 would have been lower by Rs. 197.2 Million and Rs. 54.5 Million respectively.

1.2 Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management's best knowledge of current events and action, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

1.3 Tangible assets

Tangible assets are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case may be), net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises purchase price and any other attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

Subsequent expenditures related to an item of fixed asset are added to its book value only if they increase the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.

Gains or loss arising from derecognition of assets are measured as the differences between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the assets and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

Depreciation is provided on a pro-rata basis on straight line method using the rates arrived based on the useful lives estimated by the management, or at rates prescribed in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, whichever is higher, as follows :

Leasehold assets and leasehold improvements are amortised over the period of the lease or the estimated useful life whichever is lower. Assets costing below Rs. five thousand are fully depreciated in the year of purchase. In respect of the revalued assets, the difference between the depreciation calculated on the revalued amount and that calculated on the original cost is recouped from the revaluation reserve account.

1.4 Intangible assets

Intangible Assets are stated at acquisition cost, net of accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives. The amortisation period and the amortisation method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the amortisation period is changed accordingly.

Gains or loss arising from derecognition of assets are measured as the differences between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the assets and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised. The amortisation rates used are :

1.5 Impairment of assets

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognised wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is greater than the asset's net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

A previously recognised impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on changes in circumstances. However, the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no impairment.

1.6 Foreign currency transactions

Initial Recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. All non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.

Exchange Differences

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Company's monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

Forward Exchange Contracts not intended for trading or speculation purposes

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contracts covered under AS-11 is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense for the year.

1.7 Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of various categories of inventories is arrived at as follows:

- Stores, spares, raw materials and components - at cost determined on the moving weighted average method.

- Work-in-progress and finished goods Ã based on weighted average cost of production, including appropriate proportion of costs of conversion. Excise duty is included in the value of finished goods inventory.

- Packing materials, loose tools and consumables, being immaterial in value terms, and also based on their purchase mostly on need basis, are expensed to the statement of profit and loss at the point of purchase.

Net Realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Provision for obsolescence is made, wherever necessary.

1.8 Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

1.8.1 Revenues from long-term contracts

Contract prices are either fixed or subject to price escalation clauses. Revenues are recognised on a percentage completion method measured by segmented portions of the contract, i.e. "Contract Milestones". The relevant cost is recognised in the financial statements in the year of recognition of revenues. Recognition of profit is adjusted to ensure that it does not exceed the estimated overall contract margin. With respect to construction contracts and long-term service agreements, the aggregate amount of costs incurred to date plus recognised margin less recognised loss to date less progress billings is determined on each contract. If the amount is positive, it is included as an asset designated as "Construction contracts in progress, assets". If the amount is negative, it is included as a liability designated as "Construction contracts in progress, liabilities". Cost includes direct materials, labour and appropriate proportion of overheads including depreciation. The caption "Construction contracts in progress, liabilities" also includes down payments received from customers.

If it is expected that a contract will make a loss, the estimated loss is provided for in the books of account. Such losses are based on technical assessments.

Amounts due in respect of price escalation claims and/or variation in contract work are recognised as revenue only if the contract allows for such claims or variations and /or there is evidence that the customer has accepted it and it is probable that these will result in revenue and are capable of being reliably measured.

Liquidated damages/penalties, warranties and contingencies are provided for, based on management's assessment of the estimated liability, as per contractual terms and/or acceptance.

1.8.2 Revenues from sale of products and services

Revenues from sale of products are recognised on dispatch of goods to customers which corresponds to transfer of significant risk and rewards of ownership and are net of sales tax and trade discounts. Revenues from services are recognised when such services are rendered as per contract terms.

1.9 Other income

Interest Income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Export Benefits are accounted for to the extent there is reasonable certainty of utilisation of the same.

1.10 Employee benefits

Provident Fund: Contribution towards provident fund for certain employees is made to the regulatory authorities, where the Company has no further obligations. Such benefits are classified as Defined Contribution Schemes as the Company does not carry any further obligations, apart from the contributions made on a monthly basis.

In respect of certain employees, Provident Fund contributions are made to a Trust administered by the Company. The Company's liability is actuarially determined (using the Projected Unit Credit method) at the end of the year and any shortfall in the fund size maintained by the Trust set up by the Company is additionally provided for. Actuarial losses/gains are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

Gratuity liability: Gratuity liability is defined benefit obligation and is provided on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each year. The Company funds the benefit through contributions to LIC. The Company recognises the actuarial gains & losses in the statement of profit & loss in the period in which they arise.

Compensated Absences: Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed within 12 months from the end of the year end are treated as short term employee benefits. The obligation towards the same is measured at the expected cost of accumulating compensated absences as the additional amount expected to be paid as a result of the unused entitlement as at the year end.

Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed beyond 12 months from the end of the year end are treated as other long term employee benefits. The Company's liability is actuarially determined (using the Projected Unit Credit method) at the end of each year. Actuarial losses/ gains are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

Superannuation: Contribution to Superannuation fund which is defined contribution plan is charged to Statement Profit and Loss on accrual basis. The Company pays contribution to a trust , which is maintained by Life Insurance Corporation of India to cover Company's liabilities towards Superannuation.

1.11 Leases

Where the Company is the lessee

Operating Leases

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the Statement Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Finance Leases

Finance leases, which effectively transfers to the Company, substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of leased item are capitalised at the inception of the lease term at the lower of the fair value leased property and the present value of minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between the f inance charges and reduction of lease liability, so as to achieve a constant periodic rate of interest on remaining balance of the liability for each period. Finance charges are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.

1.12 Investments

Investments that are readily realisable and are intended to be held for not more than one year from the date, on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long term investments. Current investments are carried at cost or fair value, whichever is lower. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of the investments, such reduction being determined and made for each investment individually.

1.13 Tax Expense

Tax expense for the period, comprising current tax and deferred tax, are included in the determination of the net profit or loss for the period. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the taxation laws prevailing in the espective jurisdictions.

Deferred tax is recognised for all the timing differences, subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In the situation where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realised against future taxable profits. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet date. At each Balance Sheet date, the Company reassesses unrecognised deferred tax assets, if any. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The Company recognises / writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is subsequently reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off assets against liabilities representing current tax and where the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing taxation laws.

1.14 Provisions and Contingencies

Provisions: Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation as as result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and there is a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the Balance sheet date and are not discounted to its present value.

Contingent Liabilities: Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made, is termed as a contingent liability.

1.15 Segment reporting policies

The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in conformity with the accounting policies adopted by the Company. Segment revenues, segment expenses and segment results include transfers between business segments, that are based on negotiation between segments with reference to the costs, market prices and business risks, within the overall optimisation objective for the Company and are comparable with competitive market prices charged to external customers. Inter-segment transfers are eliminated on consolidation. Revenue and expenses have been identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment. Revenue and expenses, which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on a reasonable basis, have been included under "Unallocated corporate expenses".

1.16 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period and for all periods presented is adjusted for events, such as bonus shares, other than the conversion of potential equity shares, that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

1.17 Cash and cash equivalents

In the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents includes cash in hand, demand deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

1.18 Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedge Accounting

The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward exchange contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations. The foreign exchange contracts other than those covered under AS-11, entered for non speculative purposes are valued on the basis of a fair value on marked to market basis and any loss/gain on valuation is recognised in the statement of profit and loss, on a portfolio basis.

If the relationships between the foreign currency exposure and the related derivatives are qualifying relationships, the Company uses specific accounting treatments designated as hedge accounting. A relationship qualifies for hedge accounting if, at the inception of the hedge, it is formally designated and documented and if it proves to be highly effective throughout the financial reporting periods for which the hedge was designated.

Hedging relationships may be of two types:

- Cash flow hedge in case of hedge of the exposure to variability of cash flows attributable to highly probable forecast transactions;

- Fair value hedge in case of hedge of the exposure attributable to recognised assets, liabilities or firm commitments.

Fair Value Hedge

When fair value hedge accounting applies and the relationship qualifies as an effective hedge, changes in the fair value of derivatives and changes in the fair value of hedged items i.e. firm commitments are both recognised in the statement of profit and loss and offset each other. Realized and unrealized exchange gains and losses on hedged items and hedging instruments are recorded within the same line item as the hedged item when they relate to operating activities or financial income or expense when they relate to financing activities.

Cash Flow Hedge

The gain or loss on effective hedges, if any is considered in hedge reserve, until the transaction is complete. On completion, the gain or loss is transferred to the statement of profit and loss of that period.

Changes in fair value relating to the ineffective portion of the hedges and derivatives not qualifying or not designated as hedge are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the accounting period in which they arise Hedge accounting is discontinued when (a) the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or (b) the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, or (c) the Company revokes the hedge designation, or (d) management no longer expects the forecast transaction to occur.

1.19 Off Balance Sheet commitments

Commitments arising from execution of operations controlled by the Company

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is committed to fulfill various types of obligations arising from customer contracts (among which full performance and warranty obligations). Obligations may also arise from leases and regulations in respect of tax, custom duties, environment, health and safety. These obligations may or may not be guaranteed by guarantees issued by banks.

As the Company is in a position to control the execution of these obligations, a liability only arises if an obligating event (such as a dispute or a late completion) has occurred and makes it likely that an outflow of resources will occur.

When the liability is considered as only possible but not probable or, when probable, cannot be reliably measured, it is disclosed as a contingent liability.

When the liability is considered as probable and can be reliably measured, the impact on the financial statements is the following:

- if the additional liability is directly related to the execution of a customer contract in progress, the estimated gross margin at completion of the contract is reassessed; the cumulated margin recognised to date based on the percentage of completion and the accrual for future contract loss, if any, are adjusted accordingly,

- if the additional liability is not directly related to a contract in progress, a liability is immediately recognised on the balance sheet.

The contractual obligations of subcontractors towards the Company are of the same nature as those of the Company towards its customers. They may be secured by the same type of guarantees as those provided to the Company's customers.

Any additional income resulting from a third party obligation is taken into account only when it becomes virtually certain.

Commitments arising from execution of operations not wholly within the control of the Company Obligations towards third parties may arise from ongoing legal proceedings. In case of legal proceedings, a contingent liability is disclosed when the liability is considered as only possible but not probable, or, when probable, cannot be reliably measured.

A provision is recorded if the obligation is considered as probable and can be reliably measured.

Pursuant to the scheme of amalgamation approved by the Honorable High Courts of Bombay and Delhi (the "scheme"), Alstom Holdings (India) Limited ("AHIL" or the "transferor company") has been merged with the Company with effect from 1 April 2011, the Appointed Date. The Scheme became effective on 20 April 2012 upon filing of The High Court Orders with the Registrar of Companies. Pursuant to the scheme, name of the Company shall stand changed to Alstom India Limited from the date of issue of the revised Certificate of Incorporation by the Registrar of Companies.

AHIL's objectives were to hold investments in Alstom group companies in India and primarily held shares of the Company as investment. The scheme provided for issuance of equity shares of the Company of Rs. 10 each fully paid up to the shareholders of AHIL in the ratio of 10 equity shares of the Company for every 41 equity shares held in AHIL with effect from 1 April 2011, the Appointed Date, resulting in 6,097,561 equity shares of Rs. 10 each fully paid up to be issued. The amalgamation has been accounted as 'amalgamation in the nature of merger' in accordance with the terms of the scheme and consequently the pooling of interest method has been used. The assets, liabilities and other reserves of the erstwhile AHIL as at 1 April 2011 have been taken over at their book values and AHIL's holding of 5,894,264 equity shares of the Company has been considered as cancelled. This has resulted in the net increase in the Reserves and Surplus of the Company by Rs. 43.4 Million. The Company is yet to issue and allot equity shares to the Shareholders of AHIL pursuant to the scheme. However, the equity shares to be allotted have already been considered as issued and allotted for the purposes of these financial statements since the issuance and allotment of equity shares would be effective from the Appointed Date of 01 April 2011.

Mar 31, 2011

2.1 Basis of preparation of financial statements

The Financial Statements are prepared to comply in all material aspects with all the applicable accounting principles in India, the applicable accounting standards notified u/s 21l(3C) of the Companies Act, 1956 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. These financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis except in case of assets for which provision for impairment is made or revaluation is carried out. The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and are consistent with those applied in the previous year.

2.2 Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make best estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in the current and future periods.

2.3 Fixed assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case may be), less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises purchase price and any other attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Advances paid towards the acquisition of fixed assets outstanding at each balance sheet date and the cost of fixed assets not ready for their intended use before such date are disclosed as capital work in progress.

2.4 Intangible assets

Software costs relating to acquisition of product design software and software license fee are capitalised in the year of purchase and amortised on a straight-line basis over their useful lives of three years and five years respectively.

2.5 Depreciation

Depreciation is provided on straight line basis as per the following rates, which are determined on the basis of useful lives of the assets estimated by the management, or at rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, whichever is higher.

Leasehold assets are amortised over the period of the lease or the estimated useful life whichever is lower. Depreciation is charged on a pro-rata basis for assets purchased/sold during the year. Assets costing below five thousand rupees are fully depreciated in the year of purchase. In respect of the revalued assets, the difference between the depreciation calculated on the revalued amount and that calculated on the original cost is recouped from the revaluation reserve account.

2.6 Impairment of assets

2.6.1 The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.

2.6.2 After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

2.6.3 A previously recognised impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on changes in circumstances. However, the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no impairment.

2.7 Foreign currency transactions

2.7.1 Initial Recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

2.7.2 Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items, which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

2.7.3 Exchange Differences

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting companys monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

2.7.4 Forward Exchange Contracts not intended for trading or speculation purposes

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense for the year.

2.8 Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of various categories of inventories is arrived at as follows:

- Stores, spares, raw materials and components - at cost determined on moving weighted average method.

- Work-in-progress and finished goods - based on weighted average cost of production, including appropriate proportion of costs of conversion. Excise duty is included in the value of finished goods inventory.

- Packing materials, loose tools and consumables, being immaterial in value terms, and also based on their purchase mostly on need basis, are expensed to the profit and loss account at the point of purchase.

Contract work-in-progress is valued at cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower. Cost includes direct materials, labour and appropriate proportion of overheads including depreciation.

Net Realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Provision for obsolescence is made, wherever necessary.

2.9 Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

2.9.1 Revenues from long-term contracts

Contract prices are either fixed or subject to price escalation clauses. Revenues are recognised on a percentage completion method measured by segmented portions of the contract, i.e. "Contract Milestones". The relevant cost is recognised in the financial statements in the year of recognition of revenues. Recognition of profit is adjusted to ensure that it does not exceed the estimated overall contract margin. Contract revenue earned in excess of billing has been reflected under "Other Current Assets" and billing in excess of contract revenue has been reflected under "Current Liabilities" in the balance sheet.

If it is expected that a contract will make a loss, the estimated loss is provided for in the books of account. Such losses are based on technical assessments.

Amounts due in respect of price escalation claims and/or variation in contract work are recognised as revenue only if the contract allows for such claims or variations and /or there is evidence that the customer has accepted it and it is probable that these will result in revenue and are capable of being reliably measured.

Liquidated damages/penalties, warranties and contingencies are provided for, based on managements assessment of the estimated liability, as per contractual terms and/or acceptance.

2.9.2 Revenues from sale of products and services

Revenues from sale of products are recognised on despatch of goods to customers which corresponds to transfer of significant risk and rewards of ownership and are net of sales tax and trade discounts. Revenues from services are recognised when such services are rendered as per contract terms.

2.9.3 Interest Income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

2.9.4 Export Benefits are accounted for to the extent there is reasonable certainty of utilisation of the same.

2.10 Employee benefits

2.10.1 Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund contributed to Trust set up by the employer is a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the trust are due.

2.10.2 Gratuity liability is defined benefit obligation and is provided on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each year. The Company funds the benefit through contributions to LIC. The company recognises the actuarial gains & losses in the profit & loss in the period in which they arise.

2.10.3 Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation at the end of each year. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method.

2.11 Leases

Where the Company is the lessee

Operating Leases

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Finance Leases

The assets taken on finance lease are capitalised at the inception of the lease at the lower of the fair value or the present value of minimum lease payments and a liability is created for an equivalent amount. Each lease rental paid is allocated between the liability and interest cost, so as to obtain a constant periodic rate of interest on outstanding liability for each period.

2.12 Investments

Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments. Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a decline other than temporary in the value of investments.

2.13 Tax Expense

Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act. Deferred taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situation where the company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realised against future taxable profits.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The company recognises / writes- down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is subsequently reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized.

2.14 Provisions and Contingencies

A provision is recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of a past event, for which it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which reliable estimate can be made.

Provisions required to settle are reviewed regularly and are adjusted, where necessary, to reflect the current estimate of the obligation. A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. Where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

2.15 Segment reporting policies

The Companys operating businesses are organised and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the geographical location of the customers.

2.16 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity share holders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

2.17 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and cash & cheques in hand.

2.18 Derivative instruments

The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward exchange contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations.

The Foreign exchange contracts other than those covered under AS 11, entered for non speculative purposes, including the underlying hedged items, are valued on the basis of a fair value on marked to market basis and any loss on valuation is recognized in the profit and loss account, on a portfolio basis. Any gain arising on this valuation is not recognized by the Company in line with the principle of prudence.

3 CAPITAL COMMITMENTS

Estimated amount of contracts remaining to be executed on capital account and not provided for (net of advances) - Rs. 356,796 thousand (previous year - Rs. 304,834 thousand).

Mar 31, 2010

2.1 Basis of preparation of fnancial statements

The Financial Statements are prepared to comply in all material aspects with all the applicable accounting principles in India, the applicable accounting standards notifed u/s 211(3C) of the Companies Act, 1956 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. These fnancial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis except in case of assets for which provision for impairment is made or revaluation is carried out. The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and are consistent with those applied in the previous year.

2.2 Use of estimates

The preparation of fnancial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)requires management to make best estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of the fnancial statements and the results of operations during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in the current and future periods.

2.3 Fixed assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case may be), less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises purchase price and any other attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Advances paid towards the acquisition of fxed assets outstanding at each balance sheet date and the cost of fxed assets not ready for their intended use before such date are disclosed as capital work in progress.

2.4 Intangible assets

Software costs relating to acquisition of product design software and software license fee are capitalised in the year of purchase and amortised on a straightÃline basis over their useful lives of three years and fve years respectively.

2.5 Depreciation

Depreciation is provided on straight line basis as per the following rates, which are determined on the basis of useful lives of the assets estimated by the management, or at rates specifed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, whichever is higher.

% Factory buildings 3.34 Ã 5.00

Other buildings 1.63 Ã 3.00

Plant and machinery 4.75 Ã 40.00

Furniture and fxtures 10.00 Ã 20.00

Motor vehicles 20.00

Leasehold assets are amortised over the period of the lease or the estimated useful life whichever is lower. Depreciation is charged on a proÃrata basis for assets purchased/sold during the year. Assets costing below Rs fve thousand are fully depreciated in the year of purchase. In respect of the revalued assets, the difference between the depreciation calculated on the revalued amount and that calculated on the original cost is recouped from the revaluation reserve account.

2.6 Impairment of assets

2.6.1 The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the assetÃs net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash fows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.

2.6.2 After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

2.6.3 A previously recognised impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on changes in circumstances. However the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no impairment.

2.7 Foreign currency transactions

2.7.1 Initial Recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

2.7.2 Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

2.7.3 Exchange Differences

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting companyÃs monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous fnancial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

2.7.4 Forward Exchange Contracts not intended for trading or speculation purposes The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense for the year.

2.8 Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of various categories of inventories is arrived at as follows:

ÃÂ¦ Stores, spares, raw materials and components - at cost determined on the moving weighted average method.

ÃÂ¦ Work-in-progress and fnished goods - based on weighted average cost of production, including appropriate proportion of costs of conversion. Excise duty is included in the value of fnished goods inventory.

ÃÂ¦ Packing materials, loose tools and consumables, being immaterial in value terms, and also based on their purchase mostly on need basis, are expensed to the profit and loss account at the point of purchase.

Contract work-in-progress is valued at cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower. Cost includes direct materials, labour and appropriate proportion of overheads including depreciation.

Net Realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Provision for obsolescence is made, wherever necessary.

2.9 Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefts will fow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

2.9.1 Revenues from long-term contracts

Contract prices are either fxed or subject to price escalation clauses. Revenues are recognised on a percentage completion method measured by segm ented portions of the contract, i.e. ÃContract MilestonesÃ. The relevant cost is recognised in the fnancial statements in the year of recognition of revenues. Recognition of profit is adjusted to ensure that it does not exceed the estimated overall contract margin. Contract revenue earned in excess of billing has been refected under ÃOther Current AssetsÃ and billing in excess of contract revenue has been refected under ÃCurrent LiabilitiesÃ in the balance sheet.

If it is expected that a contract will make a loss, the estimated loss is provided for in the books of account. Such losses are based on technical assessments.

Amounts due in respect of price escalation claims and/or variation in contract work are recognised as revenue only if the contract allows for such claims or variations and /or there is evidence that the customer has accepted it and it is probable that these will result in revenue and are capable of being reliably measured.

Liquidated damages/penalties, warranties and contingencies are provided for, based on managementÃs assessment of the estimated liability, as per contractual terms and/or acceptance.

2.9.2 Revenues from sale of products and services

Revenues from sales of products are recognised on despatch of goods to customers which corresponds to transfer of signifcant risk and rewards of ownership and are net of sales tax and trade discounts. Revenues from services are recognised when such services are rendered as per contract terms.

2.9.3 Interest Income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

2.9.4 Export Benefts are accounted for to the extent there is reasonable certainty of utilisation of the same.

2.10 Retirement and other employee benefts

2.10.1 Retirement benefts in the form of Provident Fund contributed to Trust set up by the employer is a defned contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the profit and Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the trust are due.

2.10.2 Gratuity liability is defned beneft obligation and is provided on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each year. The Company funds the beneft through contributions to LIC. The company recognises the actuarial gains & losses in the profit & loss in the period in which they arise.

2.10.3 Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation at the end of each year. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method.

2.11 Leases

Where the Company is the lessee

Operating Leases

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefts of ownership of the leased item, are classifed as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the profit and Loss account on a straightÃline basis over the lease term.

Finance leases

The assets taken on fnance lease are capitalised at the inception of the lease at the lower of the fair value or the present value of minimum lease payments and a liability is created for an equivalent amount. Each lease rental paid is allocated between the liability and interest cost, so as to obtain a constant periodic rate of interest on outstanding liability for each period.

2.12 Investments

Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classifed as current investments. All other investments are classifed as longÃterm investments. Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. LongÃterm investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a decline other than temporary in the value of investments.

2.13 Tax Expense

Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act. Deferred taxes refects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that suffcient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situation where the company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realised against future taxable profits.

The carrying amount of deferred tax as sets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The company recognises / writesÃ down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that suffcient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such writeÃdown is subsequently reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that suffcient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized.

2.14 Provisions and Contingencies

A provision is recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of a past event, for which it is probable that an outfow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which reliable estimate can be made. Provisions required to settle are reviewed regularly and are adjusted, where necessary, to refect the current estimate of the obligation. A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outfow of resources. Where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outfow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

2.15 Segment reporting policies

The CompanyÃs operating businesses are organised and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the geographical location of the customers.

2.16 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity share holders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

2.17 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and cash & cheques in hand.

2.18 Derivative instruments

The Company uses derivative fnancial instruments such as forward exchange contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency fuctuations.

The Foreign exchange contracts other than those covered under AS 11, entered for non speculative purposes, including the underlying hedged items, are valued on the basis of a fair value on marked to market basis and any loss on valuation is recognized in the profit and loss account, on a portfolio basis. Any gain arising on this valuation is not recognized by the Company in line with the principle of prudence.

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