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Accounting Policies of GHCL Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2022

1 Corporate information

GHCL Limited ("GHCL” or the "Company”) is a public Company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Its shares are listed with the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The registered office of the Company is located at GHCL House, Opp. Punjabi Hall, Near Navrangpura Bus Stand, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad -380 009, Gujarat.

The Company is engaged in primarily two segments consisting of Inorganic Chemicals (mainly manufacture and sale of Soda Ash) and Home Textile division (comprising of yarn manufacturing, weaving, processing and cutting and sewing of home textiles products).

Information on related party relationships of the Company is provided in Note 36.

The Board of Directors and shareholders of the Company at their respective meetings held on December 06, 2021 and January 21, 2022, respectively, approved the sale and transfer of the Company''s Home Textile Business and identified assets (i.e., inventory and intellectual property) of Grace Home Fashions LLC, a US subsidiary of the Company (together termed as "HT Business” henceforth) to Indo Count Industries Limited (Indo Count) and its US subsidiary i.e Indo Count Global Inc., USA, respectively on a going concern basis under a slump sale arrangement. The HT Business includes weaving, processing and cutting and sewing of home textiles products. Accordingly, a Business Transfer Agreement (''BTA'') and Asset Transfer Agreement (''ATA'') were executed on December 06, 2021 between the Company and Indo Count. (Refer Note 45)

The financial statements are approved for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Board of Directors on April 30, 2022.

2 Significant accounting policies

2.1 Basis of preparation

The Standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant Schedule III).

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities that have been carried at fair value:

• Derivative financial instruments

• Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments).

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR) and all values are recorded to the nearest crores (INR''00, 00,000), except otherwise indicated.

2.2 Summary of significant accounting policies

a) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

• Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

• Held primarily for the purpose of trading

• Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting year, or

• Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting year

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

• It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting year, or

• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting year

The terms of the liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification

The Company classifies all other liabilities as noncurrent.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

b) Fair value measurement

The company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

• In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

• In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their best economic interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

• Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

• Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

• Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting year.

The Company''s Banking & Operations Committee determine the policies and procedures for both recurring fair value measurement, such as derivative instruments and unquoted financial assets measured at fair value, and for non-recurring measurement, such as assets held for distribution in discontinued operations.

At each reporting date, the Audit Committee analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be remeasured or re-assessed as per the Company''s accounting policies. For this analysis, the members of Banking & Operations Committee verify the major inputs applied in the latest valuation by agreeing the information in the valuation computation to contracts and other relevant documents.

The Banking & Operations Committee also compares the change in the fair value of each asset and liability with relevant external sources to determine whether the change is reasonable.

On an interim basis, the members of Banking & Operations Committee present the valuation results to the Audit Committee and the Company''s independent auditors. This includes a discussion of the major assumptions used in the valuations.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

This note summarises accounting policy for fair value. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.

• Disclosures for valuation methods, significant estimates and assumptions

• Financial instruments (including those carried at amortised cost)

c) Revenue from Operations

The Company derives revenues primarily from sale of inorganic chemicals, textile and other products.

Ind AS 115 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers” provides a control-based revenue recognition model and provides a five step application approach to be followed for revenue recognition.

• Identify the contract(s) with a customer;

• Identify the performance obligations;

• Determine the transaction price;

• Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations;

• Recognise revenue when or as an entity satisfies performance obligation.

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company has generally concluded that it is the principal in its revenue arrangements, except for the agency services below, because it typically controls the goods or services before transferring them to the customer.

Revenue excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties.

The disclosures of significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions relating to revenue from contracts with customers are provided in Note 31.

Sale of Goods

For sale of goods, revenue is recognised when control of the goods has transferred at a point in time i.e. when the goods have been delivered to the specific location (delivery). Following delivery, the customer

has full discretion over the responsibility, manner of distribution, price to sell the goods and bears the risks of obsolescence and loss in relation to the goods. A receivable is recognised by the Company when the goods are delivered to the customer as this represents the point in time at which the right to consideration becomes unconditional, as only the passage of time is required before payment is due. Payment is due within 45-120 days. The Company considers the effects of variable consideration, the existence of significant financing components, noncash consideration, and consideration payable to the customer (if any).

Variable consideration

If the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, estimates the amount of consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for transferring the goods to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. The Company recognizes changes in the estimated amount of variable consideration in the year in which the change occurs Some contracts for the sale of goods provide customers with volume rebates and pricing incentives, which give rise to variable consideration. The Company provides retrospective volume rebates and pricing incentives to certain customers once the

quantity of products purchased during the year exceeds a threshold specified in the contract. Rebates are offset against amounts payable by the customer. To estimate the variable consideration for the expected future rebates, the Company applies the most likely amount method for contracts with a single-volume threshold and the expected value method for contracts with more than one volume threshold. The selected method that best predicts the amount of variable consideration is primarily driven by the number of volume thresholds contained in the contract. The Company then applies the requirements on constraining estimates of variable consideration and recognises a refund liability for the expected future rebates.

The disclosures of significant estimates and assumptions relating to the estimation of variable consideration for volume rebates are provided in Note 31.

Contract balances

Trade receivables

A receivable is recognised if an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e., only the passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due). Refer to accounting policies of financial assets in section (p) Financial instruments - initial recognition and subsequent measurement.

Contract liabilities

A contract liability is recognised if a payment is received or a payment is due (whichever is earlier) from a customer before the Company transfers the related goods or services. Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs under the contract (i.e., transfers control of the related goods or services to the customer).

Cost to obtain a contract

The Company pays sales commission to its selling agents for each contract that they obtain for the Company. The Company applies the optional practical expedient to immediately expense costs to obtain a contract if amortisation year would have been recognised is one year or less. As such, sales commissions are immediately recognised as an expense.

Costs to fulfil a contract i.e. freight, insurance and other selling expenses are recognized as an expense in the year in which related revenue is recognised.

Critical judgements

The Company''s contracts with customers include promises to transfer goods to the customers Judgement is required to determine the transaction price for the contract. The transaction price could be either a fixed amount of customer consideration or variable consideration with elements such as schemes, incentives, cash discounts, etc. The estimated amount of variable consideration is adjusted in the transaction price only to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur and is reassessed at the end of each reporting year.

Estimates of rebates and discounts are sensitive to changes in circumstances and the Company''s past

experience regarding returns and rebate entitlements may not be representative of customers'' actual returns and rebate entitlements in the future.

Costs to obtain a contract are generally expensed as incurred. The assessment of this criteria requires the application of judgement, in particular when considering if costs generate or enhance resources to be used to satisfy future performance obligations and whether costs are expected to be recovered.

d) Other revenue streams

Export Benefits

In case of sale made by the Company as Support Manufacturer, export benefits arising from Remissions of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products (RoDTEP), Duty Drawback scheme, Merchandise Export Incentive Scheme and Rebate of State and Central Taxes and Levies (ROSCTL) are recognised on export of such goods in accordance with the agreed terms and conditions with customers In case of direct exports made by the Company, export benefits arising from Duty Drawback scheme, Merchandise Export Incentive Scheme and ROSCTL are recognised on shipment of direct exports.

Revenue from exports benefits measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable net of returns and allowances, cash discounts, trade discounts and volume rebates.

Rendering of Services

Revenue from rendering of services is recognised when the performance obligation to render the services are completed as per contractually agreed terms.

Dividend

Revenue is recognised when the Company''s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

Interest Income

For all debt instruments measured either at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a

shorter year, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses. Interest income is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss.

e) Taxes

Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates taxable income.

Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in Other comprehensive income (OCI) or directly in equity.

Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and considers whether it is probable that a taxation authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment. The Company shall reflect the effect of uncertainty for each uncertain tax treatment by using either most likely method or expected value method, depending on which method predicts better resolution of the treatment.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except: 1

in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss

• In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised, except:

• When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss

• In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and associates, deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss. Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

The Company offsets deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities if and only if it has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets and current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities which intend either to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously, in each future year in which significant amounts of deferred tax liabilities or assets are expected to be settled or recovered.

In the situation where the Company is entitled to a Tax holiday under the income Tax Act, 1961 enacted in India or Tax laws prevailing in the respective tax jurisdictions where it operates, no deferred tax (asset or liability) is recognised in respect of temporary differences which reverse during the tax holiday year, to the extent the Company''s gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday year. Deferred tax in respect of temporary differences which reverse after the tax holiday year is recognized in the year in which the temporary differences originate. For recognition of deferred taxes, the temporary differences which originate first are considered to reverse first.

Deferred Tax includes Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified year, i.e. the year for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. The Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement” asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified year.

Goods and Service taxe paid on acquisition of assets or on incurring expenses

Expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount of sales/ value added taxes paid, except:

• When the tax incurred on a purchase of assets or services is not recoverable from the taxation authority, in which case, the tax paid is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense item, as applicable

• When receivables and payables are stated with the amount of tax included

The net amount of tax recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of receivables or payables in the balance sheet.

f) Property, plant and equipment

Capital work in progress is stated at cost, net of accumulated impairment loss, if any. Plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any Items such as spare parts, stand-by equipment and servicing equipment are recognized as property, plant and equipment when they meet the definition of property, plant and equipment. Otherwise, such items are classified as inventory. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing cost for long term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in Statement of profit or loss as incurred. Depreciation on tangible assets is provided on the straight-line method over the useful lives of assets estimated by the management. Depreciation for assets purchased/ sold during a year is proportionately charged. Leases relating to land are amortized equally over the year of lease. Leased mines are depreciated over the estimated useful life of the mine or lease year, which ever is lower. The Management estimates the useful lives for the fixed assets, except lease mines and leasehold land, as follows.

• Building 30 to 60 years

• Plant and Machinery 1 5 to 25 years

• Office equipment 3 to 25 years

• Furniture and fixtures 10 years

• Salt works reservoir 10 years

• Vehicles 8 to 10 years

• Wind Turbine Generator 20 to 22 years

• Temporary structures 3 years

• For these class of assets, based on internal assessment, the management believes that the

useful lives as given above best represent the year over which management expects to use these assets. Hence the useful lives for these assets is different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the year over which the assets are likely to be used.

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the income statement when the asset is derecognised.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

g) Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

Intangible assets comprising of computer software and trademark with finite useful life are amortised on straight line basis over estimated useful life of three years

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation year and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting year. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation year or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes

in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective.

An intangible asset is derecognised upon disposal (i.e., at the date the recipient obtains control) or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising upon derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

Research and development costs

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditures on an individual project are recognised as an intangible asset when the Company can demonstrate:

• The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that the asset will be available for use or sale

• Its intention to complete and its ability and intention to use or sell the asset

• How the asset will generate future economic benefits

• The availability of resources to complete the asset

• The ability to measure reliably the expenditure during development

Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation of the asset begins when development is complete and the asset is available for use. It is amortised over the year of expected future benefit. Amortisation expense is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. During the year of development, the asset is tested for impairment annually.

h) Asset for sale and discontinued operations

The Company classifies non-current assets as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale rather than through continuing use. Actions required to complete the sale should indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the sale will be made or that the decision to sell will be withdrawn. Management must be committed to the sale expected within one year from the date of classification.

For these purposes, sale transactions include exchanges of non-current assets for other non-current assets when the exchange has commercial substance. The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded met only when the assets is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets, its sale is highly probable; and it will genuinely be sold, not abandoned. The Company treats sale of the asset to be highly probable when:

• The appropriate level of management is committed to a plan to sell the asset,

• An active programme to locate a buyer and complete the plan has been initiated (if applicable),

• The asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value,

• The sale is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification, and

• Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

Non-current assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell. Costs to sell are the incremental costs directly attributable to the disposal of an asset, excluding finance costs and income tax expense. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately in the balance sheet.

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets once classified as held for sale are not depreciated or amortised.

Discontinued operations are excluded from the results of continuing operations and are presented as a single amount as profit/ loss after tax from discontinued operations in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

As mandated by Ind AS 105, assets and liabilities has not been reclassified or re-presented for prior period i.e. year ended March 31, 2021.

Basis of segregation into discontinued operations and additional disclosures in respect of discontinued operations are provided in note 45 to the financial statements.

i) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial year of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the year in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

j) Leases

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a year of time in exchange for consideration.

Company as a lessee

The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.

i) Right-of-use assets

• The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount

of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows:

• Plant and machinery 3 to 15 years

• Motor vehicles and other equipments 3 to 5 years

If ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Company at the end of the lease term or the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset.

The right-of-use assets are also subject to impairment. Refer to the accounting policies in section (p) Impairment of non-financial assets.

ii) Lease Liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising the option to terminate. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as expenses (unless they are incurred to produce inventories) in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there

is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments.

iii) Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases of machinery and equipment (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases of office equipment that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognised as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

k) Inventories

Inventories, except for Stores & Spares and Loose Tools, are stated at cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:

• Raw materials: cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on weighted average cost basis, except in case of cotton, for which cost is determined on specific cost basis.

• Finished goods: Cost of Finished Goods include material cost, cost of conversion, depreciation, other overheads to the extent applicable.

• Work in progress: It is valued at cost determined by taking material cost, labour charges, and direct expenses taking into account the stage of completion.

• Stock in trade: cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.

• Stores and spares: are stated at cost less provision, if any, for obsolescence.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or Company''s of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a year of three years For longer years, a longterm growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the third year. To estimate cash flow projections beyond years covered by the most recent budgets/forecasts, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the products, industries, or country or countries in which the entity operates, or for the market in which the asset is used.

Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in profit and

loss section of the statement of profit and loss, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation taken to OCI. For such properties, the impairment is recognised in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation.

For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or CGU''s recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years Such reversal is recognised in the statement of profit and loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

m) Provisions General

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

Decommissioning liability

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use and leasehold improvements on termination of lease is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. The Company records a provision for decommissioning costs of its plant for manufacturing of Soda Ash and leasehold improvements at the leasehold land. Decommissioning costs are provided at the present value of expected costs to settle the obligation using estimated cash flows and are recognised as part of the cost of the particular asset. The cash flows are discounted at a current pre-tax rate that reflects the risks specific to the decommissioning liability. The unwinding of the discount is expensed as incurred and recognised in the statement of profit and loss as a finance cost. The estimated future costs of decommissioning are reviewed annually and adjusted as appropriate. Changes in the estimated future costs or in the discount rate applied are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset.

n) Gratuity and other post-employment benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund and superannuation fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund and superannuation fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund and superannuation fund scheme as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

Gratuity and Leave Encashment which are defined benefits are accrued based on actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan in India, which requires contributions to be made to a separately administered fund. The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined using the projected unit credit method.

Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the year in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent years.

Past service costs are recognised in profit or loss on the earlier of:

• The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

• The date that the company recognises related restructuring costs

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss:

• Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements; and

• Net interest expense or income

• Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date. The Company recognizes expected cost of short-term employee benefit as an expense, when an employee renders the related service.

o) Share-based payments

Employees (including senior executives) of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions). Employees working in the business development Company are granted share appreciation rights, which are settled in cash (cash-settled transactions).

• Equity-settled transactions

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model.

That cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment (SBP) reserves in equity, over the year in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting year has expired and the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The expense or credit in the statement of profit and loss for a year represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that year and is recognised in employee benefits expense.

Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value. Any other conditions attached to an award, but without an associated service requirement, are considered to be nonvesting conditions. Non-vesting conditions are reflected in the fair value of an award and lead to an immediate expensing of an award unless there are also service and/or performance conditions.

No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest because non-market performance and/or service conditions have not been met. Where awards include a market or non-vesting condition, the transactions are treated as vested irrespective of whether the market or nonvesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance and/or service conditions are satisfied.

When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the grant date fair value of the unmodified award,

provided the original vesting terms of the award are met. An additional expense, measured as at the date of modification, is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through profit or loss.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

p) Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular day trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:

• Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)

• Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI) with recycling of cumulative gains and losses (debt instruments)

• Financial assets designated at fair value through OCI with no recycling of cumulative gains and losses upon derecognition (equity instruments)

• Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

A ''financial asset'' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

(a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the profit or loss. The Company financial assets at amortised cost includes trade receivables and loan to an associate and loan to a director included under other non-current financial assets.

Financial assets at fair value through OCI (FVTOCI) (debt instruments)

A ''financial asset'' is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:

(a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

(b) The asset''s contractual cash flows represent SPPI.

Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. For debt instruments, at fair value through OCI, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals are recognised in the profit or loss and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost. The remaining fair value changes are recognised in OCI. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value changes recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to profit or loss.

The Company''s debt instruments at fair value through OCI includes investments in quoted debt instruments included under other non-current financial assets.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the balance sheet at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

This category includes derivative instruments and listed equity investments which the Company had not irrevocably elected to classify at fair value through OCI. Dividends on listed equity investments are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the right of payment has been established.

Financial assets designated at fair value through OCI (equity instruments)

Upon initial recognition, the Company can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity instruments designated at fair value through OCI when they meet the definition of equity under Ind AS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification is determined on an instrument-by-instrument basis. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS103 applies are classified as at FVTPL.

Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to profit or loss. Dividends are recognised as other income in the statement of profit and loss when the right of payment has been established, except when the Company benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains are recorded in OCI. Equity instruments designated at fair value through OCI are not subject to impairment assessment.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company''s balance sheet) when:

• The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

• The company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ''pass-through'' arrangement; and either (a) the company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Companies continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original


Mar 31, 2018

1 Corporate information

GHCL Limited ("GHCL" or the "Company") is a public Company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Its shares are listed with the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The registered office of the Company is located at GHCL House, Opp. Punjabi Hall, Near Navrangpura Bus Stand, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad - 380 009, Gujarat. The Company is engaged in primarily two segments consisting of Inorganic Chemicals (mainly manufacture and sale of Soda Ash) and Home Textile division (comprising of yarn manufacturing, weaving, processing and cutting and sewing of home textiles products).

Information on related party relationships of the Company is provided in Note 34.

The financial statements are authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Board of Directors on 25th April 2018.

2 Significant accounting policies

2.1 Basis of preparation

The Standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind-AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendment) Rules, 2016.

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities that have been carried at fair value:

- Derivative financial instruments

- Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments).

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR) and all values are recorded to the nearest crores (INR ''00,00,000), except otherwise indicated.

2.2 Summary of significant accounting policies

a) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading

- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

b) Fair value measurement

The company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

- In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their best economic interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

- Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

- Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

- Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

The Company''s Banking & Operations Committee determine the policies and procedures for both recurring fair value measurement, such as derivative instruments and unquoted financial assets measured at fair value, and for non-recurring measurement, such as assets held for distribution in discontinued operations.

At each reporting date, the Audit Committee analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be premeasured or re-assessed as per the Company''s accounting policies. For this analysis, the members of Banking & Operations Committee verify the major inputs applied in the latest valuation by agreeing the information in the valuation computation to contracts and other relevant documents.

On an interim basis, the members of Banking & Operations Committee present the valuation results to the Audit Committee and the Company''s independent auditors. This includes a discussion of the major assumptions used in the valuations.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

This note summarises accounting policy for fair value. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.

- Disclosures for valuation methods, significant estimates and assumptions

- Financial instruments (including those carried at amortised cost)

c) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. The Company has concluded that it is acting as a principal in all of its revenue arrangements since it is the primary obliger in all the revenue arrangements as it has pricing latitude and is also exposed to inventory and credit risks.

Based on the education material on Ind AS 18 issued by the ICAI, the Company assumed that recovery of excise duty flows to the Company on its own account. This is for the reason that it is a liability of the manufacturer which forms part of the cost of production, irrespective of whether the goods are sold or not. Since the recovery of excise duty flows to the Company on its own account, revenue includes excise duty.

However, sales tax/value added tax (VAT) goods & service tax (GST) is not received by the Company on its own account. Rather, it is tax collected on value added to the commodity by the seller on behalf of the government. Accordingly it is excluded from the revenue.

The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognised.

Sale of Goods

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of the goods. Revenue from sale of goods is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, cash discounts, trade discounts and volume rebates.

Export Benefits

In case of sale made by the Company as Support Manufacturer, export benefits arising from Duty Entitlement Pass Book (DEPB), Duty Drawback scheme, Merchandise Export Incentive Scheme, Rebate of State Levies (ROSL) and Focus Market Scheme are recognised on export of such goods in accordance with the agreed terms and conditions with customers. In case of direct exports made by the Company, export benefits arising from DEPB, Duty Drawback scheme, Merchandise Export Incentive Scheme, Rebate of State Levies (ROSL) and Focus Market Scheme are recognised on shipment of direct exports.

Revenue from exports benefits measured at the fair value of consideration received of receivable net of returns and allowances, cash discounts, trade discounts and volume rebates.

Rendering of Services

Revenue from rendering of services is recognised when the performance obligation to render the services are completed as per contractually agreed terms.

Dividend

Revenue is recognised when the Company''s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

Interest Income

For all debt instruments measured either at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses. Interest income is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss.

d) Taxes

Current income tax

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax.

Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates taxable income.

Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in Other comprehensive income (OCI) or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except:

- When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss

- In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and associates when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised, except:

- When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss

- In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and associates, deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss. Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

In the situation where the Company is entitled to a Tax holiday under the income Tax Act, 1961 enacted in India or Tax laws prevailing in the respective tax jurisdictions where it operates, no deferred tax (asset or liability) is recognised in respect of temporary differences which reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the Company''s gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday period. Deferred tax in respect of temporary differences which reverse after the tax holiday period is recognized in the year in which the temporary differences originate. For recognition of deferred taxes, the temporary differences which originate first are considered to reverse first.

Deferred Tax includes Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e. the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. The Company reviews the “MAT credit entitlement” asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

Sales/ value added taxes paid on acquisition of assets or on incurring expenses

Expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount of sales/ value added taxes paid, except:

- When the tax incurred on a purchase of assets or services is not recoverable from the taxation authority, in which case, the tax paid is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense item, as applicable

- When receivables and payables are stated with the amount of tax included

The net amount of tax recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of receivables or payables in the balance sheet.

e) Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment and capital work-in-progress is stated at net of CENVAT/goods & service tax (GST) and VAT less depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing cost for long term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in Statement of profit or loss as incurred. Depreciation on tangible assets is provided on the straight-line method over the useful lives of assets estimated by the management. Depreciation for assets purchased/ sold during a period is proportionately charged. Leases relating to land are amortized equally over the period of lease. Leased mines are depreciated over the estimated useful life of the mine or lease period, whichever is lower. The Management estimates the useful lives for the fixed assets, except lease mines and leasehold land, as follows.

* For these class of assets, based on internal assessment, the management believes that the useful lives as given above best represent the period over which management expects to use these assets. Hence the useful lives for these assets is different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. Refer to notes regarding significant accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions and provisions for further information about the recorded decommissioning provision.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on DE recognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the income statement when the asset is derecognised.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

f) Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

Intangible assets with finite useful life are amortised on straight line basis over estimated useful life of three years.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

Research and development costs

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditures on an individual project are recognised as an intangible asset when the Company can demonstrate:

- The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that the asset will be available for use or sale

- Its intention to complete and its ability and intention to use or sell the asset

- How the asset will generate future economic benefits

- The availability of resources to complete the asset

- The ability to measure reliably the expenditure during development

Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation of the asset begins when development is complete and the asset is available for use. It is amortised over the period of expected future benefit. Amortisation expense is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. During the period of development, the asset is tested for impairment annually.

g) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

h) Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

For arrangements entered into prior to 1st April 2015, the company has determined whether the arrangement contain lease on the basis of facts and circumstances existing on the date of transition.

Company as a lessee

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease.

Finance leases are capitalised at the commencement of the lease at the inception date fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognised in finance costs in the statement of profit and loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalized in accordance with the companies general policy on the borrowing costs (refer note16). Contingent rentals are recognised as expenses in the periods in which they are incurred.

A leased asset is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.

Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term for non-cancellable leases. However, in some of the non-cancellable operating lease arrangements the lease escalation is in line with expected general inflation and hence there is no requirement for straight lining of lease rentals as Ind-AS 17 does not mandate straight-lining of lease escalation, if they are in line with the expected general inflation compensating the lessor for expected inflationary cost.

Company as a lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income from operating lease is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned.

Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Company''s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.

i) Inventories

Inventories, except for Stores & Spares and Loose Tools, are stated at cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:

- Raw materials: cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on weighted average cost basis, except in case of cotton, for which cost is determined on specific cost basis.

- Finished goods: Cost of Finished Goods include material cost, cost of conversion, depreciation, other overheads to the extent applicable and excise duty.

- Work in progress: It is valued at cost determined by taking material cost, labour charges, and direct expenses taking into account the stage of completion.

- Stock in trade: cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.

- Stores and spares: are stated at cost less provision, if any, for obsolescence.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

j) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating units (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or Companies of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of three years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the third year. To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods covered by the most recent budgets/forecasts, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the products, industries, or country or countries in which the entity operates, or for the market in which the asset is used.

Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in profit or loss section of the statement of profit and loss, except for properties previously revalue with the revaluation taken to OCI. For such properties, the impairment is recognised in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation.

For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or CGU''s recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the statement of profit or loss unless the asset is carried at a devalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

k) Provisions

General

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

Decommissioning liability

Thepresentvalueoftheexpectedcostforthedecommissioningofanassetafteritsuseandleaseholdimprovementsontermination of lease is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. The Company records a provision for decommissioning costs of its plant for manufacturing of Soda Ash and leasehold improvements at the leasehold land. Decommissioning costs are provided at the present value of expected costs to settle the obligation using estimated cash flows and are recognised as part of the cost of the particular asset. The cash flows are discounted at a current pre-tax rate that reflects the risks specific to the decommissioning liability. The unwinding of the discount is expensed as incurred and recognised in the statement of profit and loss as a finance cost. The estimated future costs of decommissioning are reviewed annually and adjusted as appropriate. Changes in the estimated future costs or in the discount rate applied are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset.

Contingent liability

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements. Contingent assets are only disclosed when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the entity.

l) Gratuity and other post-employment benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund and superannuation fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund and superannuation fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund and superannuation fund scheme as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

Gratuity and Leave Encashment which are defined benefits are accrued based on actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan in India, which requires contributions to be made to a separately administered fund. The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined using the projected unit credit method.

Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.

Past service costs are recognised in profit or loss on the earlier of:

- The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

- The date that the company recognises related restructuring costs

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss:

- Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements; and

- Net interest expense or income m) Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular day trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:

- Debt instruments at amortised cost

- Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

- Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

- Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income FVTOCI Debt instruments at amortised cost

A ‘debt instrument'' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

(a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the profit or loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.

Debt instrument at FVTOCI

A ‘debt instrument'' is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:

(a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

(b) The asset''s contractual cash flows represent SPPI.

Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses & reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to Statement of Profit and Loss. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method.

Debt instrument at FVTPL

FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.

In addition, the Company may elect to classify a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ‘accounting mismatch'').

Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the P&L.

Equity Investments

All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS 103 applies are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument by instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to Statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of investment. However, the group may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company''s balance sheet) when:

- The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

- The company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through'' arrangement; and either (a) the company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Companies continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind-AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

(a) Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g., debt securities, deposits, trade receivables and bank balance.

(b) Financial assets that are debt instruments and are measured as at FVTOCI

(c) Lease receivables under Ind-AS 17.

(d) Trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset that results from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 11 and Ind AS 18

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12 -month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events on a financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR. When estimating the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:

- All contractual terms of the financial instrument (including prepayment, extension, call and similar options) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the financial instrument

- Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms

ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income/expense in the statement of profit and loss (P&L). This amount is reflected in a separate line in the P&L as an impairment gain or loss. The balance sheet presentation for various financial instruments is described below:

- Financial assets measured as at amortised cost, contract assets and lease receivables: ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e. as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.

- Loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts: ECL is presented as a provision in the balance sheet, i.e. as a liability.

- Debt instruments measured at FVTOCI: Since financial assets are already reflected at fair value, impairment allowance is not further reduced from its value. Rather, ECL amount is presented as ‘accumulated impairment amount'' in the OCI.

Financial liabilities

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company''s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.

Subsequent measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind-AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the profit or loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind-AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/loss are not subsequently transferred to P&L. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit and loss.

Loans and borrowings

This is the category most relevant to the Company. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

This category generally applies to borrowings. For more information refer Note 16.

Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

Embedded derivatives

An embedded derivative is a component of a hybrid (combined) instrument that also includes a non-derivative host contract - with the effect that some of the cash flows of the combined instrument vary in a way similar to a stand-alone derivative. An embedded derivative causes some or all of the cash flows that otherwise would be required by the contract to be modified according to a specified interest rate, financial instrument price, commodity price, foreign exchange rate, index of prices or rates, credit rating or credit index, or other variable, provided in the case of a non-financial variable that the variable is not specific to a party to the contract. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cash flows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss.

If the hybrid contract contains a host that is a financial asset within the scope of Ind AS 109, the Company does not separate embedded derivatives. Rather, it applies the classification requirements contained in Ind AS 109 to the entire hybrid contract.

Derivatives embedded in all other host contracts are accounted for as separate derivatives and recorded at fair value if their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the host contracts are not held for trading or designated at fair value though profit or loss. These embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss, unless designated as effective hedging instruments.

Reclassification of financial assets

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company''s senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company''s operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest. The following table shows various reclassification and how they are accounted for as per below:

i) Amortised cost to FVTPL - Fair value is measured at reclassification date. Difference between previous amortized cost and fair value is recognised in P&L.

ii) FVTPL to Amortised Cost - Fair value at reclassification date becomes its new gross carrying amount. EIR is calculated based on the new gross carrying amount.

iii) Amortised cost to FVTOCI - Fair value is measured at reclassification date. Difference between previous amortised cost and fair value is recognised in OCI. No change in EIR due to reclassification.

iv) FVTOCI to Amortised cost - Fair value at reclassification date becomes its new amortised cost carrying amount. However, cumulative gain or loss in OCI is adjusted against fair value. Consequently, the asset is measured as if it had always been measured at amortised cost.

v) FVTPL to FVTOCI - Fair value at reclassification date becomes its new carrying amount. No other adjustment is required.

vi) FVTOCI to FVTPL - Assets continue to be measured at fair value. Cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified to P&L at the reclassification date.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

n) Derivative financial instruments

Initial recognition and subsequent measurement

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts, to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss.

Cash flow hedges

The Company uses forward currency contracts as hedges of its exposure to foreign currency risk in forecast transactions and firm commitments. Refer to Note 36 for more details.

o) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and short-term deposits in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with a maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Bank balances other than the balance included in cash and cash equivalents represents balance on account of unpaid dividend and margin money deposit with banks.

p) Cash dividend to equity holders

The Company recognises a liability to make cash or distributions to equity holders when the distribution is authorised and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. As per the corporate laws in India, a distribution is authorised when it is approved by the shareholders. A corresponding amount is recognised directly in equity.

q) Government Grants

Government grants are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions complied in. When the grant relates to an expense item, it Is recognised as Income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as an income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset. When the Company receives grants of non-monetary assets, the asset and the grant are recorded at fair value amounts and released to profit or loss over the expected useful life in a pattern of consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset i.e. by equal annual instalments.

r) Foreign currencies

The company''s financial statements are presented in INR, which is also the Company''s functional currency.

Transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded in the functional currency, using the spot exchange rates at the date of the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Exchange differences that arise on settlement of monetary items or on reporting at each balance sheet date of the Company''s monetary items at the closing rate are recognised as income or expenses in the period which they arise. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Nonmonetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of nonmonetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in OCI or profit or loss are also recognised in OCI or profit or loss, respectively).

s) Investment in subsidiary

Investment in subsidiary is carried at cost in the separate financial statements. Investment carried at cost is tested for impairment as per IND AS 36.

t) Share-based payments

Employees (including senior executives) of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).

Equity-settled transactions

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model.

That cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment (SBP) reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The statement of profit and loss expense or credit for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognised in employee benefits expense

Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value. Any other conditions attached to an award, but without an associated service requirement, are considered to be non-vesting conditions. Non-vesting conditions are reflected in the fair value of an award and lead to an immediate expensing of an award unless there are also service and/or performance conditions.

No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest because non-market performance and/or service conditions have not been met. Where awards include a market or non-vesting condition, the transactions are treated as vested irrespective of whether the market or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance and/or service conditions are satisfied.

When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the expense had the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through profit or loss.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

u) Contingent Liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements. Contingent assets are only disclosed when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the entity.

No trade or other receivable are due from directors or other officers of the Company either severally or jointly with any other person. Nor any trade or other receivable are due from firm or private companies respectively in which any director is a partner, a director or a member other than stated above.

For terms and conditions related to related party receivables, refer Note 34

Trade receivables are non-interest bearing and are generally on terms of 45 to 90 days.

In earlier years, certain fixed assets of the Company were revalued at their respective fair value as determined by government approved competent valuer appointed by the Company. The amount of such revaluation was transferred to business development reserve, as per scheme of arrangement as approved by Hon''ble Gujarat High Court on 30th November, 2008.

The Company had issued 10,000,000/- 10.75% cumulative Redeemable Preference Shares (CRPS) of Rs. 10/- each, to IDBI Bank Limited during financial year 1999-2000 which was subsequently redeemed by the Company in the financial year 2001-02, pursuant to the provisions of Section 80 of the Companies Act, 1956 and the article 7 of the Article of Association of the Company. Accordingly, the Capital Redemption Reserve account to the extent of 100% of the value of CRPS redeemed (i.e. Rs. 10 Crore), was created out of profit of the company available for payment of dividend.

An amount of Rs. 2.61 Crore (equivalent to nominal value of the equity shares bought back & cancelled by the company during the year) has been transferred to Capital Redemption Reserve from General Reserves pursuant to the provisions of Section 69 of the Companies Act, 2013 and the article 7 of the Article of Association of the Company. (refer note 14)

During the earlier years, the company issued 4,500,000 preferential convertible warrants which were converted into e


Mar 31, 2017

1 Corporate information

GHCL Limited ("GHCL" or the "Company") is a public Company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Its shares are listed with the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The registered office of the Company is located at GHCL House, Opp. Punjabi Hall, Near Navrangpura Bus Stand, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad - 380 009, Gujarat. The Company is engaged in primarily two segments consisting of Inorganic Chemicals (mainly manufacture and sale of Soda Ash) and Home Textile division (comprising of yarn manufacturing, weaving, processing and cutting & sewing of home textiles products).

Information on related party relationships of the Company is provided in Note 34.

The financial statements are authorized for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Board of Directors on 20th May 2017.

2 Significant accounting policies

2.1 Basis of preparation

The Standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind-AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendment) Rules, 2016.

For all periods up to and including the year ended 31st March 2016, the Company prepared its financial statements in accordance with accounting standards notified under section 133 of Companies Act 2013, read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 (Indian GAAP). These financial statements for the year ended 31st March, 2017 are the first time the Company has prepared in accordance with Ind-AS. Refer to note 48 on first time adoption for information on how the Company adopted Ind-AS.

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities that have been carried at fair value:

- Derivative financial instruments

- Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments).

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR) and all values are recorded to the nearest crores (INR''00,00,000), except otherwise indicated.

2.2 Summary of significant accounting policies

a) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

- Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading

- Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents. The group has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

b) Fair value measurement

The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

- In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their best economic interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

- Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

- Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

- Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

The Company''s Banking & Operations Committee determine the policies and procedures for both recurring fair value measurement, such as derivative instruments and unquoted financial assets measured at fair value, and for non-recurring measurement, such as assets held for distribution in discontinued operations.

At each reporting date, the Audit Committee analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be premeasured or re-assessed as per the Company''s accounting policies. For this analysis, the members of Banking & Operations Committee verify the major inputs applied in the latest valuation by agreeing the information in the valuation computation to contracts and other relevant documents.

On an interim basis, the members of Banking & Operations Committee present the valuation results to the Audit Committee and the Company''s independent auditors. This includes a discussion of the major assumptions used in the valuations.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

This note summarizes accounting policy for fair value. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.

- Disclosures for valuation methods, significant estimates and assumptions

- Financial instruments (including those carried at amortized cost)

c) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. The Company has concluded that the principal in all of its revenue arrangements since it is the primary obliger in all the revenue arrangements as it has pricing latitude and is also exposed to inventory and credit risks.

Based on the education material on Ind AS 18 issued by the ICAI, the Company assumed that recovery of excise duty flows to the Company on its own account. This is for the reason that it is a liability of the manufacturer which forms part of the cost of production, irrespective of whether the goods are sold or not. Since the recovery of excise duty flows to the Company on its own account, revenue includes excise duty.

However, sales tax/value added tax (VAT) is not received by the Company on its own account. Rather, it is tax collected on value added to the commodity by the seller on behalf of the government. Accordingly it is excluded from the revenue.

The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognized.

Sale of Goods

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of the goods. Revenue from sale of goods is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, cash discounts, trade discounts and volume rebates.

Rendering of Services

Revenue from rendering of services is recognized when the performance obligation to render the services are completed as per contractually agreed terms.

Dividend

Revenue is recognized when the Company''s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

Interest Income

For all debt instruments measured either at amortized cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortized cost of a financial liability. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses. Interest income is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss.

d) Taxes

Current income tax

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax.

Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates taxable income.

Current income tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in Other comprehensive income (OCI) or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except:

- When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss

- In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and associates when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future

Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised, except:

- When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

- In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and associates, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss. Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

In the situation where the Company is entitled to a Tax holiday under the income Tax Act, 1961 enacted in India or Tax laws prevailing in the respective tax jurisdictions where it operates, no deferred tax (asset or liability) is recognized in respect of temporary differences which reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the Company''s gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday period. Deferred tax in respect of temporary differences which reverse after the tax holiday period is recognized in the year in which the temporary differences originate. For recognition of deferred taxes, the temporary differences which originate first are considered to reverse first.

Deferred Tax includes Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e. the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. The Company reviews the “MAT credit entitlement” asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

Sales/ value added taxes paid on acquisition of assets or on incurring expenses

Expenses and assets are recognized net of the amount of sales/ value added taxes paid, except:

- When the tax incurred on a purchase of assets or services is not recoverable from the taxation authority, in which case, the tax paid is recognized as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense item, as applicable

- When receivables and payables are stated with the amount of tax included

The net amount of tax recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of receivables or payables in the balance sheet.

e) Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment and capital work-in-progress is stated at net of CENVAT and VAT less depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing cost for long term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in Statement of profit or loss as incurred. Depreciation on tangible assets is provided on the straight-line method over the useful lives of assets estimated by the management. Depreciation for assets purchased/ sold during a period is proportionately charged. Leases relating to land are amortized equally over the period of lease. Leased mines are depreciated over the estimated useful life of the mine or lease period, whichever is lower. The Management estimates the useful lives for the fixed assets, except lease mines and leasehold land, as follows.

- Building 30 to 60 years

- Plant and Machinery * 5 to 25 years

- Office equipment 3 to 25 years

- Furniture and fixtures 10 years

- Salt works reservoir 10 years

- Vehicles 8 to 10 years

- Wind Turbine Generator 20 to 22 years

- For these class of assets, based on internal assessment, the management believes that the useful lives as given above best represent the period over which management expects to use these assets. Hence the useful lives for these assets is different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. Refer to notes regarding significant accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions and provisions for further information about the recorded decommissioning provision.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the income statement when the asset is derecognized.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

f) Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.

Intangible assets with finite useful life are amortized on straight line basis over estimated useful life of three years.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortization expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognized in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

Research and development costs

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditures on an individual project are recognized as an intangible asset when the Company can demonstrate:

- The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that the asset will be available for use or sale

- Its intention to complete and its ability and intention to use or sell the asset

- How the asset will generate future economic benefits

- The availability of resources to complete the asset

- The ability to measure reliably the expenditure during development

Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Amortization of the asset begins when development is complete and the asset is available for use. It is amortized over the period of expected future benefit. Amortization expense is recognized in the statement of profit and loss. During the period of development, the asset is tested for impairment annually.

g) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

h) Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

For arrangements entered into prior to 1st April 2015, the Company has determined whether the arrangement contain lease on the basis of facts and circumstances existing on the date of transition.

Company as a lessee

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease.

Finance leases are capitalized at the commencement of the lease at the inception date fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognized in finance costs in the statement of profit and loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalized in accordance with the companies general policy on the borrowing costs (refer note16). Contingent rentals are recognized as expenses in the periods in which they are incurred.

A leased asset is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.

Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term for non-cancellable leases. However, in some of the non-cancellable operating lease arrangements the lease escalation is in line with expected general inflation and hence there is no requirement for straight lining of lease rentals as Ind-AS 17 does not mandate straight-lining of lease escalation, if they are in line with the expected general inflation compensating the lessor for expected inflationary cost.

Company as a less or

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income from operating lease is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognized over the lease term on the same basis as rental income.

Contingent rents are recognized as revenue in the period in which they are earned.

Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Company''s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.

i) Inventories

Inventories, except for Stores & Spares and Loose Tools, are stated at cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:

- Raw materials: cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on weighted average cost.

- Finished goods: Cost of Finished Goods include material cost, cost of conversion, depreciation, other overheads to the extent applicable and excise duty.

- Work in progress: It is valued at cost determined by taking material cost, labour charges, and direct expenses.

- Stock in trade: cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.

- Stores and spares: are stated at cost less provision, if any, for obsolescence.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

j) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating units (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or Company''s of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of three years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the third year. To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods covered by the most recent budgets/forecasts, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the products, industries, or country or countries in which the entity operates, or for the market in which the asset is used.

Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognized in profit or loss section of the statement of profit and loss, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation taken to OCI. For such properties, the impairment is recognized in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation.

For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognized impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or CGU''s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit or loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

k) Provisions

General

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognized as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.

Decommissioning liability

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use and leasehold improvements on termination of lease is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. The Company records a provision for decommissioning costs of its plant for manufacturing of Soda Ash and leasehold improvements at the leasehold land.

Decommissioning costs are provided at the present value of expected costs to settle the obligation using estimated cash flows and are recognized as part of the cost of the particular asset. The cash flows are discounted at a current pre-tax rate that reflects the risks specific to the decommissioning liability. The unwinding of the discount is expensed as incurred and recognized in the statement of profit and loss as a finance cost. The estimated future costs of decommissioning are reviewed annually and adjusted as appropriate. Changes in the estimated future costs or in the discount rate applied are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset.

Contingent liability

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements. Contingent assets are only disclosed when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the entity.

l) Gratuity and other post-employment benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund and superannuation fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund and superannuation fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund and superannuation fund scheme as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

Gratuity and Leave Encashment which are defined benefits are accrued based on actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan in India, which requires contributions to be made to a separately administered fund. The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined using the projected unit credit method.

Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognized immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.

Past service costs are recognized in profit or loss on the earlier of:

- The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

- The date that the Company recognizes related restructuring costs

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The Company recognizes the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss:

- Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements; and

- Net interest expense or income

m) Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.

Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular day trades) are recognized on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:

- Debt instruments at amortized cost

- Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

- Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

- Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

Debt instruments at amortized cost

A ‘debt instrument'' is measured at the amortized cost if both the following conditions are met:

(a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included in finance income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the profit or loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.

Debt instrument at FVTOCI

A ‘debt instrument'' is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:

(a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

(b) The asset''s contractual cash flows represent SPPI.

Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses & reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified from the equity to Statement of Profit and Loss. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method.

Debt instrument at FVTPL

FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.

In addition, the Company may elect to classify a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ‘accounting mismatch'').

Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the P&L. Equity Investments

All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognized by an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS 103 applies are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument by instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to Statement of Profit and

Loss, even on sale of investment. However, the group may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognized (i.e. removed from the Company''s balance sheet) when:

- The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

- The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through'' arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognize the transferred asset to the extent of the Companies continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognizes an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind-AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

(a) Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g., debt securities, deposits, trade receivables and bank balance.

(b) Financial assets that are debt instruments and are measured as at FVTOCI (c ) Lease receivables under Ind-AS 17.

(d) Trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset that results from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 11 and Ind AS18

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12 -month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events on a financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR. When estimating the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:

- All contractual terms of the financial instrument (including prepayment, extension, call and similar options) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the financial instrument

- Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms.

ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income/expense in the statement of profit and loss (P&L). This amount is reflected in a separate line in the P&L as an impairment gain or loss. The balance sheet presentation for various financial instruments is described below:

- Financial assets measured as at amortized cost, contract assets and lease receivables: ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e. as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.

- Loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts: ECL is presented as a provision in the balance sheet, i.e. as a liability.

- Debt instruments measured at FVTOCI: Since financial assets are already reflected at fair value, impairment allowance is not further reduced from its value. Rather, ECL amount is presented as ‘accumulated impairment amount'' in the OCI.

Financial liabilities

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company''s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.

Subsequent measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind-AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognized in the profit or loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind-AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/loss are not subsequently transferred to P&L. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognized in the statement of profit or loss. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit and loss.

Loans and borrowings

This is the category most relevant to the Company. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR amortization process.

Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

This category generally applies to borrowings. For more information refer Note 16.

Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the statement of profit or loss.

Embedded derivatives

An embedded derivative is a component of a hybrid (combined) instrument that also includes a non-derivative host contract - with the effect that some of the cash flows of the combined instrument vary in a way similar to a stand-alone derivative. An embedded derivative causes some or all of the cash flows that otherwise would be required by the contract to be modified according to a specified interest rate, financial instrument price, commodity price, foreign exchange rate, index of prices or rates, credit rating or credit index, or other variable, provided in the case of a non-financial variable that the variable is not specific to a party to the contract. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cash flows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss.

If the hybrid contract contains a host that is a financial asset within the scope of Ind AS 109, the Company does not separate embedded derivatives. Rather, it applies the classification requirements contained in Ind AS 109 to the entire hybrid contract. Derivatives embedded in all other host contracts are accounted for as separate derivatives and recorded at fair value if their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the host contracts are not held for trading or designated at fair value though profit or loss. These embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in profit or loss, unless designated as effective hedging instruments.

Reclassification of financial assets

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets.

Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company''s senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company''s operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognized gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest. The following table shows various reclassification and how they are accounted for as per below:

i) Amortized cost to FVTPL - Fair value is measured at reclassification date. Difference between previous amortized cost and fair value is recognized in P&L.

ii) FVTPL to Amortized Cost - Fair value at reclassification date becomes its new gross carrying amount. EIR is calculated based on the new gross carrying amount.

iii) Amortized cost to FVTOCI - Fair value is measured at reclassification date. Difference between previous amortized cost and fair value is recognized in OCI. No change in EIR due to reclassification.

iv) FVTOCI to Amortized cost - Fair value at reclassification date becomes its new amortized cost carrying amount. However, cumulative gain or loss in OCI is adjusted against fair value. Consequently, the asset is measured as if it had always been measured at amortized cost.

v) FVTPL to FVTOCI - Fair value at reclassification date becomes its new carrying amount. No other adjustment is required.

vi) FVTOCI to FVTPL - Assets continue to be measured at fair value. Cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified to P&L at the reclassification date.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

n) Derivative financial instruments

Initial recognition and subsequent measurement

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts, to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss.

Cash flow hedges

The Company uses forward currency contracts as hedges of its exposure to foreign currency risk in forecast transactions and firm commitments. Refer to Note 36 for more details.

o) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and short-term deposits in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with a maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

Bank balances other than the balance included in cash and cash equivalents represents balance on account of unpaid dividend and margin money deposit with banks.

p) Cash dividend to equity holders

The Company recognizes a liability to make cash or distributions to equity holders when the distribution is authorized and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. As per the corporate laws in India, a distribution is authorized when it is approved by the shareholders. A corresponding amount is recognized directly in equity.

q) Foreign currencies

The Company''s financial statements are presented in INR, which is also the Company''s functional currency.

Transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded in the functional currency, using the spot exchange rates at the date of the transaction first qualifies for recognition.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Exchange differences that arise on settlement of monetary items or on reporting at each balance sheet date of the Company''s monetary items at the closing rate are recognized as income or expenses in the period which they arise.

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of nonmonetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognized in OCI or profit or loss are also recognized in OCI or profit or loss, respectively).

r) Investment in subsidiary

Investment in subsidiary is carried at cost in the separate financial statements. Investment carried at cost is tested for impairment as per IND AS 36.

s) Share-based payments

Employees (including senior executives) of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).

Equity-settled transactions

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model.

That cost is recognized, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment (SBP) reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognized for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The statement of profit and loss expense or credit for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognized as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognized in employee benefits expense

Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value. Any other conditions attached to an award, but without an associated service requirement, are considered to be non-vesting conditions. Non-vesting conditions are reflected in the fair value of an award and lead to an immediate expensing of an award unless there are also service and/or performance conditions.

No expense is recognized for awards that do not ultimately vest because non-market performance and/or service conditions have not been met. Where awards include a market or non-vesting condition, the transactions are treated as vested irrespective of whether the market or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance and/or service conditions are satisfied.

When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognized is the expense had the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense is recognized for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through profit or loss.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

As per records of the Company, including its register of shareholders/members and other declarations received from shareholders regarding beneficial interest, the above shareholding represents both legal and beneficial ownerships of shares.

No Shares have been issued by the Company for consideration other than cash, during the period of five years immediately preceding the reporting date.


Mar 31, 2015

Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention (except for revaluation of certain fixed assets in earlier years) in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India and the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting year. Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognised in the year in which the results are known/ materialised.

Revenue Recognition

Sales represent value of goods sold and revenue from trade related activities as reduced by quality claims and rebates but includes excise duty and export benefits under DFIA Scheme and Focus Product Scheme.

Fixed Assets and Depreciation

Fixed Assets are recorded at cost net of CENVAT, VAT and subsidies less depreciation and impairment loss, if any. In earlier years, some of the fixed assets have been revalued at their respective fair market value and such assets are stated at revalued amount. Depreciation on tangible assets is provided on the straight-line method over the useful lives of assets estimated by the management. Depreciation for assets purchased/ sold during a period is proportionately charged. Intangible assets are amortized over their respective individual estimated useful lives on a straight-line method commencing from the date the assets is available to the company for its use. Leases relating to land are amortized equally over the period of lease. Leased mines are depreciated over the estimated useful life of the mine or lease period, which ever is lower. Assets acquired during the year whose cost does not exceed Rs. 10,000 are fully depreciated in the year of acquisition. The Management estimates the useful lives for the others fixed assets as follows.

* For these class of assets, based on internal assessment and independent technical evaluation carried out by external valuers the management believes that the useful lives as given above best represent the period over which management expects to use these assets. Hence the useful lives for these assets is different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.

Depreciation and amortization methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed periodically, including at each financial year end.

Government Grants

Cash Subsidies relating to specific fixed assets are recorded as deduction from the cost of the assets concerned in arriving at its book value.

Impairment of Assets

Impairment loss is provided to the extent the carrying amount of assets exceeds their recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s net selling price or its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Net selling price is the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset at an arm''s length transaction between knowledgeable willing parties, less the costs of disposal.

Investments

Investments are classified into current and long term investments. Current investments are stated at the lower of cost or fair value. Long term investments are stated at cost. A provision for diminution is made to recognize a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long term investments. Investments in subsidiary companies are of long term strategic value and except as already provided, diminution, if any, in the value of these investments is temporary in nature.

Inventories

Inventories comprising Raw Materials and Finished Goods are stated at cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower. Cost of

Raw Materials is arrived at mainly on weighted average basis for every month. The cost of Finished Goods include material cost, cost of conversion, depreciation, other overheads to the extent applicable and excise duty.

Stock-in-process is valued at cost determined by taking material cost, labour charges, and direct expenses.

Stores and Spares are stated at cost less provision, if any, for obsolescence. The cost of Loose Tools is written off equally over three years.

Foreign Currency Transactions

Transaction denominated in foreign currencies are normally recorded at the exchange rate prevailing at the time of the transaction.

Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies at the year end are restated at year end rates. In case of monetary items which are covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the year end rate and rate on the date of contract is recognized as exchange difference and the premium paid on forward contracts is recognized over the life of the contract.

Non-monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost. Any income or expenses on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss .

Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities other than net investments in non integral foreign operations are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the Balance Sheet date. Any income or expense on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss except for the exchange difference arising on translation of long term foreign currency monetary items as at the balance sheet date, which are being amortised over the maturity period of the said long term foreign currency monitory items.

Exchange difference arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprise''s net investments in a non-integral foreign operation are accumulated in a Foreign Currency Translation Reserve.

Derivative Instruments

The Company enters into derivative contracts in the nature of forward contracts with an intention to hedge its firm commitments and highly probable transactions. Derivative contracts which are closely linked to the underlying transactions are recognised in accordance with the contract terms. All other contracts are marked-to-market at the reporting date and resultant losses are - recognised in the financial statements and the net gains, if any, however are ignored.

'' Retirement Benefits

Contribution payable to recognized Provident Fund and Superannuation Scheme which are defined contribution scheme is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Gratuity and Leave Encashment which are defined benefits are accrued based on actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The Company has opted for a Group Gratuity Scheme and the contribution is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss each year.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortization/depreciation.

On amalgamation/acquisition the excess of consideration over the value of net assets acquired is treated as goodwill arising on amalgamation and is written off over a period of five years.

Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of cost of such assets. The capitalization rate is the weighted average of the borrowing cost applicable to the borrowings of the Company that are outstanding during the year. All other borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the year in which they are incurred.

Leases

Leases entered into before 1st April, 2001 are treated as operating leases and lease rentals paid are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss. Leases entered into on or after 1st April, 2001 are accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standard -19.

Taxation

Income Tax expenses comprises of current tax and deferred tax charge or credit. The deferred tax assets and/ or liabilities are calculated by applying tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets arising mainly on account of brought forward losses and unabsorbed depreciation (due to amalgamation) under tax laws, are recognized, only if there is virtual certainty of its realization, supported by convincing evidence. Deferred tax assets on account of other timing difference are recognized only to the extent there is a reasonable certainty of its realization. At each Balance Sheet date, the carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed to re-assess realization.

Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

In accordance with Accounting Standard - 29 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, provisions are recognised in the accounts in respect of present probable obligations, the amount of which can be reliably estimated.

Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events but their existence is confirmed by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company.

b) Rights, Preferences and restrictions attached to equity shares

The Company has one class of equity shares having a par value of Rs. 10 per share. Each shareholder is entitled to one vote per equity share held. The Dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuring Annual General Meeting, except in case of interim dividend. In the event of liquidation on the Company, the equity shareholders are eligible to receive remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential amounts, in proportion to their shareholding.

c) Shareholder''s holding more than 5 % Shares as on Balance Sheet date: NIL NIL

As per the records of the Company, including its register of shareholders/members and others declarations received from shareholders regarding beneficial interest, the above shareholding represent both legal and beneficial ownership of shares.

Rupee Term Loans from Banks / Institutions have been secured against :-

a) Loan aggregating to Rs. 6960.26 Lacs is secured by extension of first charge on pari passu basis, by way of equitable mortgage on immovable properties of the Soda Ash Division situated at Sutrapada, Veraval, Gujarat and extension of hypothecation charge on movable fixed assets, both present and future of the company''s Soda Ash division situated at village - Sutrapada, Veraval in Gujarat with other term lenders of the said project. The remaining tenure of the loans is 1 to 3 years.

b) Loan aggregating to Rs. 11212.33 Lacs is secured by exclusive charge on the specific fixed assets created out of the proceeds of the loan for Company''s Soda Ash Division situated at village Sutrapada, Veraval in Gujarat. The remaining tenure of the loans is 4 to 10 years.

c) Loan aggregating to Rs. 23641.18 Lacs is secured by way of first pari passu charge on movable fixed assets of Soda Ash Division situated at village Sutrapada, Veraval in Gujarat. The remaining tenure of the loans is 2 to 5 years.

d) Loan aggregating to Rs. 1012.20 Lacs is secured by first charge on pari passu basis by way of equitable mortgage on fixed assets of the Textile Division situated at Vapi, Gujarat and hypothecation of movable fixed assets both present and future of the Company''s Textile Division at Vapi, Gujarat with other term lenders of the said project. The said loan is availed under Technology upgradation Fund Scheme for Textile. The remaining tenure of the loans is 1 year.

e) Loan aggregating to Rs. 4175.38 Lacs is secured by exclusive charge on the specific fixed assets created out of the proceeds of the loan for Company''s Home Textile Division situated at Vapi in Gujarat. The remaining tenure of the loans is 4 to 10 years.

f) Loan aggregating to Rs. 5523.40 Lacs is secured by way of first pari passu charge on movable fixed assets of Company''s Home Textile Division situated at Vapi in Gujarat. The remaining tenure of the loans is 2 to 3 years.

g) Loan aggregating to Rs. 928.12 Lacs is secured by first charge on pari passu basis by way of equitable mortgage on Factory Land & Building of Textile Division situated at Paravai and Manaparai, Tamil Nadu and hypothecation of specified movable assets, both present and future of the Company''s Textile Division. The said loan is availed under Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme for Textile. The remaining tenure of the loans is 1 to 2 years.

h) Loan aggregating to Rs. 7632.46 Lacs is secured by exclusive charge on the specific fixed assets created out of the proceeds of the loan for Company''s Textile Division situated at Madurai, Tamil Nadu. The remaining tenure of the loans is 4 to 9 years.

i) Loan aggregating to Rs. 12081.00 Lacs is secured by extension of first charge on pari passu basis on Factory Land & Building of Textile Division situated at Paravai and Manaparai, Tamil Nadu with other term lenders of the said project. The remaining tenure of the loans is 1 to 5 years.

j) Loan aggregating to Rs. 7000.00 Lacs is secured by first exclusive charge on movable fixed assets of Textile Division situated at Paravai and Manaparai, Tamil Nadu, both present and future, excluding assets exclusively charged to other lenders. The remaining tenure of the loan is 6 years.

k) Loan aggregating to Rs. 1771.00 Lacs is secured by an exclusive first charge on movable and immovable fixed assets situated at Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu, both present and future, created out of the proceeds of the loan. The remaining tenure of the loan is 10 years.

l) Loan aggregating to Rs. 5000.00 Lacs is secured by extension of first charge on movable fixed assets of Edible Salt division situated at Chennai and Industrial Salt Division situated at Bhavnagar and exclusive first charge on the factory land and building situated at Thiruporur village, Chengalpattu Taluka, Kancheepuram District, Chennai. The remaining tenure of the loan is 5 years.

m) Out of all the aforesaid secured Loans appearing in note 2.3 (a) to 2.3 (l) totaling Rs. 86937.33 Lacs, an amount of Rs. 8562.71 Lacs is due for payment in next 12 months and accordingly reported under note no 2.9 under the head " Other Current Liabilities" as ''current maturities of Long Term Debt''.

The Company provides for the estimated expenditure required to restore quarries and mines. The total estimate of restoration expenses is apportioned over the period of estimated mineral reserves and a provision is made based on minerals extracted during the year. The total estimate of restoration expenses is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates.


Mar 31, 2014

Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention (except for revaluation of certain fixed assets in earlier years) in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India and the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting year. Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognised in the year in which the results are known/materialised.

Revenue Recognition

Sales represent value of goods sold and revenue from trade related activities as reduced by quality claims and rebates but includes excise duty and export benefits under DFIA Scheme and Focus Product Scheme.

Fixed Assets and Depreciation

Fixed Assets are recorded at cost net of CENVAT, VAT and subsidies less depreciation and impairment loss, if any. In earlier years, some of the fixed assets have been revalued at their respective fair market value and such assets are stated at revalued amount. Depreciation is provided on straight-line method at the rates and in the manner prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Depreciation on revalued fixed assets is provided on a straght line method over the remaining useful life as determined by the valuer. Intangible assets are depreciated on straight line basis over the useful life of the assets not exceeding ten years. Continuous process plants as Defined therein have been taken on technical assessment and depreciation is provided accordingly. Assets acquired during the year whose cost does not exceed Rs. 10,000 are fully depreciated in the year of acquisition. Depreciation on certain assets are provided at a higher rate depending upon their useful life.

Depreciation is adjusted in subsequent years to allocate the asset''s revised carrying amount afiter the recognition of an impairment loss, if any, on systematic basis over its remaining life. Additional depreciation on account of any upward revaluation of assets is charged to Business Development Reserve until such reserve exists.

Exchange differences adjusted to the cost of assets are depreciated equally over the balance useful life of the assets. Leases relating to land are amortized equally over the period of lease. Leased mines are depreciated over the estimated useful life of the mine or lease period, which ever is lower.

Machinery spares which are used only in connection with an item of fixed assets and whose use is not regular in nature are capitalised and written off over the estimated useful life of the relevant assets. The written down value of such spares is charged to the Statement of profit and Loss on issue for consumption.

Government Grants

Cash Subsidies relating to Specific fixed assets are recorded as deduction from the cost of the assets concerned in arriving at its book value.

Impairment of Assets

Impairment loss is provided to the extent the carrying amount of assets exceeds their recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s net selling price or its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Net selling price is the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset at an arm''s length transaction between knowledgeable willing parties, less the costs of disposal.

Investments

Investments are classifed into current and long term investments. Current investments are stated at the lower of cost or fair value. Long term investments are stated at cost. A provision for diminution is made to recognize a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long term investments. Investments in subsidiary companies are of long term strategic value and except as already provided, diminution, if any, in the value of these investments is temporary in nature.

Inventories

Inventories comprising Raw Materials and Finished Goods are stated at cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower. Cost of Raw Materials is arrived at mainly on weighted average basis for every month. The cost of Finished Goods include material cost, cost of conversion, depreciation, other overheads to the extent applicable and excise duty.

Stock-in-process is valued at cost determined by taking material cost, labour charges, and direct expenses.

Stores and Spares are stated at cost less provision, if any, for obsolescence. The cost of Loose Tools is written off equally over three years.

Foreign Currency Transactions

Transaction denominated in foreign currencies are normally recorded at the exchange rate prevailing at the time of the transaction.

Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies at the year end are restated at year end rates. In case of monetary items which are covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the year end rate and rate on the date of contract is recognized as exchange difference and the premium paid on forward contracts is recognized over the life of the contract.

Non-monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost. Any income or expenses on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Statement of profit and Loss .

Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities other than net investments in non integral foreign operations are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the Balance Sheet date. Any income or expense on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Statement of profit and Loss except for the exchange difference arising on translation of long term foreign currency monetory items as at the balance sheet date, which are being amortised over the maturity period of the said long term foreign currency monitory items and the unamortised balance is presented as "Foreign Currency Monetary item Transalation Difference Account" net of tax effect thereon.

Exchange difference arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprise''s net investments in a non-integral foreign operation are accumulated in a Foreign Currency Translation Reserve.

Derivative Instruments

The Company enters into derivative contracts in the nature of forward contracts with an intention to hedge its frm commitments and highly probable transactions. Derivative contracts which are closely linked to the underlying transactions are recognised in accordance with the contract terms. All other contracts are marked-to-market at the reporting date and resultant losses are recognised in the financial statements and the net gains, if any, however are ignored.

RETIREMENT BENEFITS

Contribution payable to recognized Provident Fund and Superannuation Scheme which are Defined contribution scheme is charged to the Statement of profit and Loss. Gratuity and Leave Encashment which are Defined benefits are accrued based on actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The Company has opted for a Group Gratuity Scheme and the contribution is charged to the Statement of profit and Loss each year.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortization/depreciation.

On amalgamation/acquisition the excess of consideration over the value of net assets acquired is treated as goodwill arising on amalgamation and is written off over a period of five years.

Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of cost of such assets. The capitalization rate is the weighted average of the borrowing cost applicable to the borrowings of the Company that are outstanding during the year. All other borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the year in which they are incurred.

Leases

Leases entered into before 1st April, 2001 are treated as operating leases and lease rental paid are charged to Statement of profit and Loss. Leases entered into on or afiter 1st April, 2001 are accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standard - 19 Leases issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.

Taxation

Income Tax expenses comprises of current tax and deferred tax charge or credit. The deferred tax assets and/ or liabilities are calculated by applying tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets arising mainly on account of brought forward losses and unabsorbed depreciation (due to amalgamation) under tax laws, are recognized, only if there is virtual certainty of its realization, supported by convincing evidence. Deferred tax assets on account of other timing difference are recognized only to the extent there is a reasonable certainty of its realization. At each Balance Sheet date, the carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed to re-assess realization.

Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

In accordance with Accounting Standard - 29 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, provisions are recognised in the accounts in respect of present probable obligations, the amount of which can be reliably estimated.

Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events but their existence is confirmed by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company.

Additional Notes :

a) Reconciliation of equity shares outstanding at the beginning and at the end of the reporting year

b) Rights, Preferences and restrictions attached to equity shares

The Company has one class of equity shares having a par value of Rs. 10 per share. Each shareholder is entitled to one vote per equity share held. The Dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuring Annual General Meeting, except in case of interim dividend. In the event of liquidation on the Company, the equity shareholders are eligible to receive remaining assets of the Company, afiter distribution of all preferential amounts in proportion to their shareholding.

c) Shareholder''s holding more than 5 % Shares as on Balance Sheet date: NIL NIL

As per the records of the Company, including its register of shareholders/members and others declarations received from shareholders regarding beneficial interest, the above shareholding represent both legal and beneficial ownership of shares.

RUPEE TERM LOANS FROM BANKS / INSTITUTIONS HAVE BEEN SECURED AGAINST :-

a) Loan aggregating to Rs. 10427.52 Lacs is secured by extension of frst charge on pari passu basis, by way of equitable mortgage on immovable properties of the Soda Ash Division situated at Sutrapada, Veraval, Gujarat and extension of hypothecation charge on movable fixed assets, both present and future of the company''s Soda Ash division situated at village – Sutrapada, Veraval in Gujarat with other term lenders of the said project. The remaining tenure of the loans is 2 to 4 years.

b) Loan aggregating to Rs. 10644.66 Lacs is secured by exclusive charge on the Specific fixed assets created out of the proceeds of the loan for Company''s Soda Ash Division situated at village Sutrapada, Veraval in Gujarat. The remaining tenure of the loans is 5 to 9 years.

c) Loan aggregating to Rs. 12498.99 Lacs is secured by way of frst pari passu charge on movable fixed assets of Soda Ash Division situated at village Sutrapada, Veraval in Gujarat. The remaining tenure of the loans is 1 to 5 years.

d) Loan aggregating to Rs. 3312.18 Lacs is secured by frst charge on pari passu basis by way of equitable mortgage on fixed assets of the Textile Division situated at Vapi, Gujarat and hypothecation of movable fixed assets both present and future of the Company''s Textile Division at Vapi, Gujarat with other term lenders of the said project. The said loan is availed under Technology upgradation Fund Scheme for Textile. The remaining tenure of the loans is 1 to 2 years.

e) Loan aggregating to Rs. 4061.71 Lacs is secured by exclusive charge on the Specific fixed assets created out of the proceeds of the loan for Company''s Home Textile Division situated at Vapi in Gujarat. The remaining tenure of the loans is 5 to 9 years.

f) Loan aggregating to Rs. 4750.20 Lacs is secured by way of frst pari passu charge on movable fixed assets of Company''s Home Textile Division situated at Vapi in Gujarat. The remaining tenure of the loans is 4 years.

g) Loan aggregating to Rs. 1865.61 Lacs is secured by frst charge on pari passu basis by way of equitable mortgage on Factory Land & Building of Textile Division situated at Paravai and Manaparai, Tamil Nadu and hypothecation of specified movable assets, both present and future of the Company''s Textile Division. The said loan is availed under Technology upgradation Fund Scheme for Textile. The remaining tenure of the loans is 1 to 3 years.

h) Loan aggregating to Rs. 5380.62 Lacs is secured by exclusive charge on the Specific fixed assets created out of the proceeds of the loan for Company''s Textile Division situated at Madurai, Tamil Nadu. The remaining tenure of the loans is 5 to 10 years.

i) Loan aggregating to Rs. 18304.01 Lacs is secured by extension of frst charge on pari passu basis on Factory Land & Building of Textile Division situated at Paravai and Manaparai, Tamil Nadu with other term lenders of the said project. The remaining tenure of the loans is 2 to 6 years.

j) Loan aggregating to Rs. 66.87 Lacs is secured by an exclusive frst charge by way of equitable mortgage on immovable properties pertaining to Wind Mill Division – I situated at Irukkandurai village, Tirunelveli District in the state of Tamil Nadu and hypothecation of all present and future movable assets of Wind Mill Division – I. The said loan is availed under Technology upgradation Fund Scheme for Textile. The remaining tenure of the loan is 1 year.

k) Loan aggregating to Rs. 99.53 Lacs is secured by an exclusive frst charge on all present and future movable assets of Wind Mill Division – II situated at Chinnaputhur, near Poolavadi in the state of Tamil Nadu. The said loan is availed under Technology upgradation Fund Scheme for Textile. The remaining tenure of the loan is 1 year.

l) Loan aggregating to Rs. 1664.00 Lacs is secured by an exclusive charge on immovable property situated at Plot No.B-38, Section-I, New Okhla Industrial Area (Noida), Dist.-Gautam Budh Nagar, uttar Pradesh. The remaining tenure of the loan is 2 years.

m) Loan aggregating to Rs. 1875.00 Lacs is secured by an exclusive charge on immovable property situated at GHCL House, Swastik Society, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The remaining tenure of the loan is 3 years.

n) Out of all the aforesaid secured Loans appearing in note 2.3 (a) to 2.3 (m) totaling Rs. 74950.90 Lacs, an amount of Rs. 9120.26 Lacs is due for payment in next 12 months and accordingly reported under note no 2.9 under the head " Other Current Liabilities" as ''current maturities of Long Term Debt''.


Mar 31, 2013

Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

The fi nancial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention (except for revaluation of certain fi xed assets in earlier years) in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India and the provisions of the Companies Act'' 1956.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of fi nancial statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the fi nancial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting year. Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognised in the year in which the results are known/ materialised.

Revenue Recognition

Sales represent value of goods sold and revenue from trade related activities as reduced by quality claims and rebates but includes excise duty and export benefi ts under DFIA Scheme and Focus Product Scheme.

Fixed Assets and Depreciation

Fixed Assets are recorded at cost net of CENVAT'' VAT and subsidies less depreciation and impairment loss'' if any. In earlier years'' some of the fi xed assets have been revalued at their respective fair market value and such assets are stated at revalued amount. Depreciation is provided on straight-line method at the rates and in the manner prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act'' 1956. Depreciation on revalued fi xed assets is provided on a straght line method over the remaining useful life as determined by the valuer. Intangible assets are depreciated on straight line basis over the useful life of the assets not exceeding ten years. Continuous process plants as defi ned therein have been taken on technical assessment and depreciation is provided accordingly. Assets acquired during the year whose cost does not exceed Rs. 10''000 are fully depreciated in the year of acquisition. Depreciation on certain assets are provided at a higher rate depending upon their useful life.

Depreciation is adjusted in subsequent years to allocate the asset''s revised carrying amount after the recognition of an impairment loss'' if any'' on systematic basis over its remaining life. Additional depreciation on account of any upward revaluation of assets is charged to Business Development Reserve until such reserve exists.

Exchange differences adjusted to the cost of assets are depreciated equally over the balance useful life of the assets. Leases relating to land are amortized equally over the period of lease. Leased mines are depreciated over the estimated useful life of the mine or lease period'' which ever is lower.

Machinery spares which are used only in connection with an item of fi xed assets and whose use is not regular in nature are capitalised and written off over the estimated useful life of the relevant assets. The written down value of such spares is charged to the Statement of Profi t and Loss on issue for consumption.

Government Grants

Cash Subsidies relating to specifi c fi xed assets are recorded as deduction from the cost of the assets concerned in arriving at its book value.

Impairment of Assets

Impairment loss is provided to the extent the carrying amount of assets exceeds their recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s net selling price or its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash fl ows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Net selling price is the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset at an arm''s length transaction between knowledgeable willing parties'' less the costs of disposal.

Investments

Investments are classifi ed into current and long term investments. Current investments are stated at the lower of cost or fair value. Long term investments are stated at cost. A provision for diminution is made to recognize a decline'' other than temporary'' in the value of long term investments. Investments in subsidiary companies are of long term strategic value and except as already provided'' diminution'' if any'' in the value of these investments is temporary in nature.

Inventories

Inventories comprising Raw Materials and Finished Goods are stated at cost or net realizable value'' whichever is lower. Cost of Raw Materials is arrived at mainly on weighted average basis for every month. The cost of Finished Goods include material cost'' cost of conversion'' depreciation'' other overheads to the extent applicable and excise duty.

Stock-in-process is valued at cost determined by taking material cost'' labour charges'' and direct expenses.

Stores and Spares are stated at cost less provision'' if any'' for obsolescence. The cost of Loose Tools is written off equally over three years.

Foreign Currency Transactions

Transaction denominated in foreign currencies are normally recorded at the exchange rate prevailing at the time of the transaction.

Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies at the year end are restated at year end rates. In case of monetary items which are covered by forward exchange contracts'' the difference between the year end rate and rate on the date of contract is recognized as exchange difference and the premium paid on forward contracts is recognized over the life of the contract.

Non-monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost. Any income or expenses on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Statement of Profi t and Loss .

Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities other than net investments in non integral foreign operations are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the Balance Sheet date. Any income or expense on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Statement of Profi t and Loss except for the exchange difference arising on translation of long term foreign currency monetory items as at the balance sheet date'' which are being amortised over the maturity period of the said long term foreign currency monitory items and the unamortised balance is presented as "Foreign Currency Monetary item Transalation Difference Account" net of tax effect thereon.

Exchange difference arising on a monetary item that'' in substance'' forms part of an enterprise''s net investments in a non-integral foreign operation are accumulated in a Foreign Currency Translation Reserve.

Derivative Instruments

The Company enters into derivative contracts in the nature of forward contracts with an intention to hedge its fi rm commitments and highly probable transactions. Derivative contracts which are closely linked to the underlying transactions are recognised in accordance with the contract terms. All other contracts are marked-to-market at the reporting date and resultant losses are recognised in the fi nancial statements and the net gains'' if any'' however are ignored.

Retirement Benefi ts

Contribution payable to recognized Provident Fund and Superannuation Scheme which are defi ned contribution scheme is charged to the Statement of Profi t and Loss. Gratuity and Leave Encashment which are defi ned benefi ts are accrued based on actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The Company has opted for a Group Gratuity Scheme and the contribution is charged to the Statement of Profi t and Loss each year.

Deferred Revenue Expenditure

In terms of Accounting Standard 26 - Intangible Assets issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India'' the carrying amounts of Deferred Revenue Expenditure are amortized / written off over the number of years in which the benefi ts are expected to accrue to the Company as per the accounting policy followed by the Company.

However'' expenditure incurred during the year'' on such items which do not meet the defi nition of Intangible Assets as per the said Standard are charged off to the Statement of Profi t and Loss.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortization/depreciation.

On amalgamation/acquisition the excess of consideration over the value of net assets acquired is treated as goodwill arising on amalgamation and is written off over a period of fi ve years.

Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition'' construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of cost of such assets. The capitalization rate is the weighted average of the borrowing cost applicable to the borrowings of the Company that are outstanding during the year. All other borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the year in which they are incurred.

Leases

Leases entered into before 1st April'' 2001 are treated as operating leases and lease rental paid are charged to Statement of Profi t and Loss. Leases entered into on or after 1st April'' 2001 are accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standard - 19 Leases issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.

Taxation

Income Tax expenses comprises of current tax and deferred tax charge or credit. The deferred tax assets and/ or liabilities are calculated by applying tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets arising mainly on account of brought forward losses and unabsorbed depreciation (due to amalgamation) under tax laws'' are recognized'' only if there is virtual certainty of its realization'' supported by convincing evidence. Deferred tax assets on account of other timing difference are recognized only to the extent there is a reasonable certainty of its realization. At each Balance Sheet date'' the carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed to re-assess realization.

Provisions'' Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

In accordance with Accounting Standard - 29 Provisions'' Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets'' issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India'' provisions are recognised in the accounts in respect of present probable obligations'' the amount of which can be reliably estimated.

Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events but their existence is confi rmed by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company.


Mar 31, 2012

Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention (except for revaluation of certain fixed assets in the earlier year) in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India and the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting year. Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognised in the year in which the results are known/ materialised.

Revenue Recognition

Sales represent value of goods sold and revenue from trade related activities as reduced by quality claims and rebates but includes excise duty and export benefits under DFIA Scheme and Focus Product Scheme. Income from services represents revenue from IT - Enabled services and job charges rendered during the year.

Fixed Assets and Depreciation

Fixed Assets are recorded at cost net of CENVAT, VAT and subsidies less depreciation and impairment loss, if any. In earlier years, some of the fixed assets have been revalued at their respective fair market value and such assets are stated at revalued amount. Depreciation is provided on straight-line method at the rates and in the manner prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Depreciation on revalued fixed assets is provided on a straght line method over the remaining useful life as determined by the valuer. Intangible assets are depreciated on straight line basis over the useful life of the assets not exceeding ten years. Continuous process plants as defined therein have been taken on technical assessment and depreciation is provided accordingly. Assets acquired during the year whose cost does not exceed Rs. 10,000 are fully depreciated in the year of acquisition. Depreciation on certain assets are provided at a higher rate depending upon their useful life.

Depreciation is adjusted in subsequent years to allocate the asset's revised carrying amount after the recognition of an impairment loss, if any, on systematic basis over its remaining life. Additional depreciation on account of any upward revaluation of assets is charged to Business Development Reserve until such reserve exists.

Exchange differences adjusted to the cost of assets are depreciated equally over the balance useful life of the assets. Leases relating to land are amortized equally over the period of lease. Leased mines are depreciated over the estimated useful life of the mine or lease period, which ever is lower.

Machinery spares which are used only in connection with an item of fixed assets and whose use is not regular in nature are capitalised and written off over the estimated useful life of the relevant assets. The written down value of such spares is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss on issue for consumption.

Government Grants

Cash Subsidies relating to specific fixed assets are recorded as deduction from the cost of the assets concerned in arriving at its book value.

Impairment of Assets

Impairment loss is provided to the extent the carrying amount of assets exceeds their recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's net selling price or its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flow expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Net selling price is the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset at an arm's length transaction between knowledgeable willing parties, less the costs of disposal.

Investments

Investments are classified into current and non-current investments. Current investments are stated at the lower of cost or fair value. Non-current investments are stated at cost. A provision for diminution is made to recognize a decline, other than temporary, in the value of non-current investments. Investments in subsidiary companies are of long term strategic value and except as already provided, diminution, if any, in the value of these investments is temporary in nature.

Inventories

Inventories comprising Raw Materials and Finished Goods are stated at cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower. Cost of Raw Materials is arrived at mainly on weighted average basis for every month. The cost of Finished Goods include material cost, cost of conversion, depreciation, other overheads to the extent applicable and excise duty.

Stock-in-process is valued at cost determined by taking material cost, labour charges, and direct expenses.

Stores and Spares are stated at cost less provision, if any, for obsolescence. The cost of Loose Tools is written off equally over three years.

Foreign Currency Transactions

Transaction denominated in foreign currencies are normally recorded at the exchange rate prevailing at the time of the transaction. Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies at the year end are restated at year end rates. In case of monetary items which are covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the year end rate and rate on the date of contract is recognized as exchange difference and the premium paid on forward contracts is recognized over the life of the contract. Non-monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost. Any income or expenses on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities other than net investments in non integral foreign operations are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the balance sheet date. Any income or expense on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss except for the exchange difference arising on translation of long term foreign currency monetary items as at the balance sheet date, which are being amortised over the maturity period of the said long term foreign currency monetary items and the unamortised balance is presented as "Foreign Currency Monetary item Transalation Difference Account" net of tax effect thereon.

Exchange difference arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprise's net investments in a non-integral foreign operation are accumulated in a Foreign Currency Translation Reserve.

Derivative Instruments

The Company enters into derivative contracts in the nature of forward contracts and options with an intention to hedge its firm commitments and highly probable transactions. Derivative contracts which are closely linked to the underlying transactions are recognised in accordance with the contract terms. All other contracts are marked-to-market at the reporting date and resultant losses are recognised in the financial statements and the net gains, if any, however are ignored.

Retirement Benefits

Contribution payable to recognized Provident Fund and Superannuation Scheme which are defined contribution scheme is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Gratuity and Leave Encashment which are defined benefits are accrued based on actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The Company has opted for a Group Gratuity Scheme and the contribution is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss each year.

Deferred Revenue Expenditure

In terms of Accounting Standard 26 - Intangible Assets issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the carrying amounts of Deferred Revenue Expenditure are amortized / written off over the number of years in which the benefits are expected to accrue to the Company as per the accounting policy followed by the Company

However, expenditure incurred during the year, on such items which do not meet the definition of Intangible Assets as per the said Standard are charged off to the Statement of Profit and Loss except VRS expenditure which is amortized as per the existing Accounting Policy

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortization/depreciation.

On amalgamation/acquisition the excess of consideration over the value of net assets acquired is treated as goodwill arising on amalgamation and is written off over a period of five years.

Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of cost of such assets. The capitalization rate is the weighted average of the borrowing cost applicable to the borrowings of the Company that are outstanding during the year. All other borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the year in which they are incurred.

Leases

Leases entered into before 1st April, 2001 are treated as operating leases and lease rental paid are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Leases entered into on or after 1st April, 2001 are accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standard - 19 Leases issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.

Taxation

Income Tax expenses comprises of current tax and deferred tax charge or credit. The deferred tax assets and/ or liabilities are calculated by applying tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets arising mainly on account of brought forward losses and unabsorbed depreciation (due to amalgamation) under tax laws, are recognized, only if there is virtual certainty of its realization, supported by convincing evidence. Deferred tax assets on account of other timing difference are recognized only to the extent there is a reasonable certainty of its realization. At each Balance Sheet date, the carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed to re-assess realization.

Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

In accordance with Accounting Standard - 29 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, provisions are recognised in the accounts in respect of present probable obligations, the amount of which can be reliably estimated.

Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events but their existence is confirmed by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company.


Mar 31, 2011

Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention (except for revaluation of certain fixed assets in the earlier year) in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India and the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting year. Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognised in the year in which the results are known/materialised.

Revenue Recognition

Sales represent value of goods sold and revenue from trade related activities as reduced by quality claims and rebates but includes excise duty and export benefits under DFIA Scheme. Income from services represents revenue from IT - Enabled services and job charges rendered during the year.

Fixed Assets and Depreciation

Fixed Assets are recorded at cost net of CENVAT, VAT and subsidies less depreciation and impairment loss, if any. In earlier years, some of the fixed assets have been revalued at their respective fair market value and such assets are stated at revalued amount. Depreciation is provided on straight-line method at the rates and in the manner prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Depreciation on revalued fixed assets is provided on a straght line method over the remaining useful life as determined by the valuer. Intangible assets are depreciated on straight line basis over the useful life of the assets not exceeding ten years. Continuous process plants as defined therein have been taken on technical assessment and depreciation is provided accordingly. Assets acquired during the year whose cost does not exceed Rs 10,000 are fully depreciated in the year of acquisition. Depreciation on certain assets are provided at a higher rate depending upon their useful life.

Depreciation is adjusted in subsequent years to allocate the asset's revised carrying amount after the recognition of an impairment loss, if any, on systematic basis over its remaining life. Additional depreciation on account of any upward revaluation of assets is charged to Business Development Reserve until such reserve exists.

Exchange differences adjusted to the cost of assets are depreciated equally over the balance useful life of the assets. Leases relating to land are amortized equally over the period of lease. Leased mines are depreciated over the estimated useful life of the mine or lease period, which ever is lower.

Machinery spares which are used only in connection with an item of fixed assets and whose use is not regular in nature are capitalised and written off over the estimated useful life of the relevant assets. The written down value of such spares is charged to the Profit and Loss Account on issue for consumption.

Government Grants

Cash Subsidies relating to specific fixed assets are recorded as deduction from the cost of the assets concerned in arriving at its book value.

Impairment of Assets

Impairment loss is provided to the extent the carrying amount of assets exceeds their recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's net selling price or its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flow expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Net selling price is the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset at an arm's length transaction between knowledgeable willing parties, less the costs of disposal.

Investments

Investments are classified into current and long term investments. Current investments are stated at the lower of cost or fair value. Long term investments are stated at cost. A provision for diminution is made to recognize a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long term investments. Investments in subsidiary companies are of long term strategic value and except as already provided diminution if any in the value of these investments is temporary in nature.

Inventories

Inventories comprising Raw Materials and Finished Goods are stated at cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower. Cost of Raw Materials is arrived at mainly on weighted average basis for every month. The cost of Finished Goods include material cost, cost of conversion, depreciation, other overheads to the extent applicable and excise duty.

Stock-in-process is valued at cost determined by taking material cost, labour charges, and direct expenses.

Stores and Spares are stated at cost less provision, if any, for obsolescence. The cost of Loose Tools is written off equally over three years.

Foreign Currency Transactions

Transaction denominated in foreign currencies are normally recorded at the exchange rate prevailing at the time of the transaction. Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies at the year end are restated at year end rates. In case of monetary items which are covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the year end rate and rate on the date of contract is recognized as exchange difference and the premium paid on forward contracts is recognized over the life of the contract.

Non-monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost. Any income or expenses on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.

Exchange difference arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprise's net investments in a non-integral foreign operation are accumulated in a foreign currency translation reserve.

Derivative Instruments

Gain or loss in respect of Financial Derivatives are accounted in Profit and Loss Account. In addition where there are contracts for termination or winding up of financial derivatives, they are also given effect in the Profit and Loss Account.

Retirement Benefits

Contribution payable to recognized Provident Fund and Superannuation Scheme which are defined contribution scheme is charged to Profit and Loss Account. Gratuity and Leave Encashment which are defined benefits are accrued based on actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The Company has opted for a Group Gratuity Scheme and the contribution is charged to the Profit and Loss Account each year.

Deferred Revenue Expenditure

In terms of Accounting Standard 26 - Intangible Assets issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the carrying amounts of Deferred Revenue Expenditure are amortized / written off over the number of years in which the benefits are expected to accrue to the Company as per the accounting policy followed by the Company.

However, expenditure incurred during the year, on such items which do not meet the definition of Intangible Assets as per the said Standard are charged off to the Profit and Loss Account except VRS expenditure which is amortized as per the existing Accounting Policy.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortization/depreciation.

On amalgamation/acquisition the excess of consideration over the value of net assets acquired is treated as goodwill arising on amalgamation and is written off over a period of five years.

Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of cost of such assets. The capitalization rate is the weighted average of the borrowing cost applicable to the borrowings of the Company that are outstanding during the year. All other borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the year in which they are incurred.

Leases

Leases entered into before 1st April, 2001 are treated as operating leases and lease rental paid are charged to Profit and Loss Account. Leases entered into on or after 1st April, 2001 are accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standard - 19 Leases issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.

Taxation

Income Tax expenses comprises of current tax and deferred tax charge or credit. The deferred tax assets and/ or liabilities are calculated by applying tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets arising mainly on account of brought forward losses and unabsorbed depreciation (due to amalgamation) under tax laws, are recognized, only if there is virtual certainty of its realization, supported by convincing evidence. Deferred tax assets on account of other timing difference are recognized only to the extent there is a reasonable certainty of its realization. At each Balance Sheet date, the carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed to re-assess realization.

Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

In accordance with Accounting Standard - 29 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, provisions are recognised in the accounts in respect of present probable obligations, the amount of which can be reliably estimated.

Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events but their existence is confirmed by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company.


Mar 31, 2010

Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention (except for revaluation of certain fixed assets in the earlier year) in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India and the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting year. Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognised in the year in which the results are known/materialised.

Revenue Recognition

Sales represent value of goods sold and revenue from trade related activities as reduced by quality claims and rebates but includes excise duty and export benefits under DFIA Scheme. Income from services represents revenue from IT - Enabled services and job charges rendered during the year.

Fixed Assets and Depreciation

Fixed Assets are recorded at cost net of CENVAT, VAT and subsidies less depreciation and impairment loss, if any. In earlier years, some of the fixed assets have been revalued at their respective fair market value and such assets are stated at revalued amount. Depreciation is provided on straight-line method at the rates and in the manner prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Depreciation on revalued fixed assets is provided on a straght line method over the remaining useful life as determined by the valuer. Intangible assets are depreciated on straight line basis over the useful life of the assets not exceeding ten years. Continuous process plants as defined therein have been taken on technical assessment and depreciation is provided accordingly. Assets acquired during the year whose cost does not exceed Rs. 5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of acquisition. Depreciation on certain assets are provided at a higher rate depending upon their useful life. Depreciation is adjusted in subsequent years to allocate the assets revised carrying amount after the recognition of an impairment loss, if any, on systematic basis over its remaining life. Additional depreciation on account of any upward revaluation of assets is charged to Business Development Reserve until such reserve exists.

Exchange differences adjusted to the cost of assets are depreciated equally over the balance useful life of the assets. Leases relating to land are amortized equally over the period of lease. Leased mines are depreciated over the estimated useful life of the mine or lease period, which ever is lower.

Machinery spares which are used only in connection with an item of fixed assets and whose use is not regular in nature are capitalised and written off over the estimated useful life of the relevant assets. The written down value of such spares is charged to the Profit and Loss Account on issue for consumption.

Government Grants

Cash Subsidies relating to specific fixed assets are shown as deduction from the cost of the assets concerned in arriving at its book value.

Impairment of Assets

Impairment loss is provided to the extent the carrying amount of assets exceeds their recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the higher of an assets net selling price or its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flow expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Net selling price is the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset at an arms length transaction between knowledgeable willing parties, less the costs of disposal.

Investments

Investments are classified into current and long term investments. Current investments are stated at the lower of cost or fair value. Long term investments are stated at cost. A provision for diminution is made to recognize a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long term investments. Investments in subsidiary companies are of long term strategic value and except as already provided diminution if any in the value of these investments is temporary in nature.

Inventories

Inventories comprising Raw Materials and Finished Goods are stated at cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower. Cost of Raw Materials is arrived at mainly on weighted average basis for every month. The cost of Finished Goods include material cost, cost of conversion, depreciation, other overheads to the extent applicable and excise duty.

Stock-in-process is valued at cost determined by taking material cost, labour charges, and direct expenses.

Stores and Spares are stated at cost less provision, if any, for obsolescence. The cost of Loose Tools is written off equally over three years.

Foreign Currency Transactions

Transaction denominated in foreign currencies are normally recorded at the exchange rate prevailing at the time of the transaction.

Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies at the year end are restated at year end rates. In case of monetary items which are covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the year end rate and rate on the date of contract is recognized as exchange difference and the premium paid on forward contracts is recognized over the life of the contract.

Non-monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost.

Any income or expenses on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.

Exchange difference arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprises net investments in a non-integral foreign operation are accumulated in a foreign currency translation reserve.

Derivative Instruments

Gain or loss in respect of Financial Derivatives are accounted in Profit and Loss Account. In addition where there are contracts for termination or winding up of financial derivatives, they are also given effect in the Profit and Loss Account.

Retirement Benefits

Contribution payable to recognized Provident Fund and Superannuation Scheme which are defined contribution scheme is charged to Profit and Loss Account. Gratuity and Leave Encashment which are defined benefits are accrued based on actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The Company has opted for a Group Gratuity Scheme and the contribution is charged to the Profit and Loss Account each year.

Deferred Revenue Expenditure

In terms of Accounting Standard 26 - Intangible Assets issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the carrying amounts of Deferred Revenue Expenditure are amortized / written off over the number of years in which the benefits are expected to accrue to the Company as per the accounting policy followed by the Company.

However, expenditure incurred during the year, on such items which do not meet the definition of Intangible Assets as per the said Standard are charged off to the Profit and Loss Account except VRS expenditure which is amortized as per the existing Accounting Policy.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortization/depreciation.

On amalgamation/acquisition the excess of consideration over the value of net assets acquired is treated as goodwill arising on amalgamation and is written off over a period of five years.

Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of cost of such assets. The capitalization rate is the weighted average of the borrowing cost applicable to the borrowings of the Company that are outstanding during the year. All other borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the year in which they are incurred.

Leases

Leases entered into before 1st April, 2001 are treated as operating leases and lease rental paid are charged to Profit and Loss Account. Leases entered into on or after 1st April, 2001 are accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standard - 19 Leases issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.

Taxation

Income Tax expenses comprises current tax and deferred tax charge or credit. The deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated by applying tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets arising mainly on account of brought forward losses and unabsorbed depreciation (due to amalgamation) under tax laws, are recognized, only if there is virtual certainty of its realization, supported by convincing evidence. Deferred tax assets on account of other timing difference are recognized only to the extent there is a reasonable certainty of its realization. At each Balance Sheet date, the carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed to re-assess realization.

Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

In accordance with Accounting Standard - 29 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, provisions are recognised in the accounts in respect of present probable obligations, the amount of which can be reliably estimated.

Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events but their existence is confirmed by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company.

2 In Accordance with the Scheme of Arrangement duly approved by Honble High Court of Gujarat vide its order dated 30th November 2009, the Company has taken following effects in the current financial statements :-

a) Gains realised on account of buyback and cancellation of 3,900 (Previous year 1,100) Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (FCCBs) of USD 10,000 each at discount amounting to Rs. 2357.36 Lacs (Previous year Rs. 2169.91 Lacs) has been transferred to Business Development Reserve Account in accordance with the Scheme.

b) In accordance with the aforesaid Scheme, goodwill arising on amalgamation or acquisition or consolidation of financials statements of subsidiaries and which requires amortisation or impairment, any unrealizable assets whether fixed or current or tangible or intangible of the company, any diminution/write off in the value of the investments in its subsidiaries; whether in India or overseas, interest and other financial charges paid or payable on borrowings for subsidiaries by the company or by its subsidiaries or borrowings guaranteed by the company, mark to market adjustment on derivative instruments, currency swaps expenses, all the expenses / costs incurred in carrying out and implementing this Scheme, Integration expenses like plant shifting / shutting down, expenses arising on voluntary retirement offered to the employees of acquired companies, expenses for suit for bankruptcy including costs associated with existing projects / subsidiaries / divisions in part and / or whole by the Transferee Company and any additional depreciation on account of any upward revaluation of assets are to be charged to Business Development Reserve Account.

Accordingly Rs. 4,242.70 Lacs (previous year Rs. 25,500 Lacs) has been charged to Business Development Reserve on account of diminution in the value of the investments in loans & advances to and receivables from subsidiaries. Any further impairment arising out of such diminution shall be accounted for in subsequent years upon reasonable certainty that the same is non realisable and shall be charged to Business Development Reserve until such reserves exists. Further additional depreciation arising out of revaluation amounting to Rs. 1936.95 Lacs (Previous year Rs. 1,936.95 Lacs) has been charged to the Business Development Reserve.

c) As per the Scheme, a sum of Rs. 16,622.24 Lacs (Previous year Rs. 8529.85 Lacs) pertaining to receivables from subsidiaries have been written off and adjusted against General Reserve.

d) As per the Scheme, the Profit and Loss Account Balance as appearing in the Balance Sheet of the Company as on 31 st March 2009 shall be in part or full, without any further act, instrument or deed, stand re-organised and be appropriated to the General Reserve, as may be considered appropriate by the management in the interest of the company. Accordingly Rs. 15,000.00 Lacs (Previous year Rs. 10,000 Lacs) has been transferred from Profit and Loss Balance to General Reserve Account.

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