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Accounting Policies of IEC Education Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2015

COMPANY OVERVIEW

IEC Education Limited (the "Company') was incorporated on 23rd August,1994 in India as a public limited Company. The Company made an initial public offer in March, 1996. As at 31st March, 2015 the Company is listed on Three Stock exchanges in India namely Bombay Stock Exchange, Delhi Stock Exchange and Jaipur Stock Exchange. The Company has three Subsidiaries located in India. The Company's business consists of Computer education, Franchisee business & Personality development programme.

1.1) Basis of Accounting:

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in compliance with the requirements under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (to the extent notified), read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, and other generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in India, to the extent applicable, under the historical cost convention, on the accrual basis of accounting, GAAP comprises standards as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006.

1.2) Use of Estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of financial statements and the reported amount of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized prospectively in current and future periods.

1.3) Fixed assets:

1) Tangible fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any. Cost of acquisition or construction is inclusive of freight, duties, taxes and incidental expenses related to such acquisition or construction.

2) Intangible fixed assets are stated at cost less amortization.

1.4) Depreciation

Depreciation is systematically allocated over the useful life of an asset as specified in part C of schedule II of Companies Act.2013.

1.5) Investments:

Investments are classified into long term and current investments based on the intent of management at the time of acquisition. Long-term investments are stated at cost of acquisition and related expenses. Provision is made to recognize a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long term investments on an individual s.

Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and net realizable value.

1.6) Employee Benefits:

Short term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit & Loss Account of the year in which the relative service is rendered.

Provision for gratuity is made, in the books of account as per the provisions of Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 on the assumption that all the employees are entitled to gratuity at the end of the accounting year. Provision for leave encashment is provided for at the end of financial year on the basis of last month drawn salary of the employees.

1.7) Revenue Recognition:

The revenue in respect of sale of courseware is recognized on delivery of materials. The revenue from training and education activity is recognized over the period of the course program. Revenue in respect of other consultancy receipts is recognized upon rendering of the service. All other income are accounted for on accrual basis. Claims including insurance claims are accounted for on the acceptance and determination of the amounts recoverable by the concerned authorities.

1.8) Dividend:

Dividend proposed, if any, by the Board of Directors as appropriation of profit is provided for in the books of account pending approval of the shareholders at the annual general meeting.

1.9) Taxes on Income:

The expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. The impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year is recognized as a deferred tax asset or deferred tax liability. The tax effect is calculated on accumulated timing differences at the end of accounting year, based on effective tax rate substantively enacted by the balance date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized in future; however where there is unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward of losses, deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is a virtual certainty of realization of such assets.

1.10) Borrowing Cost:

Financing costs relating to borrowed funds attributable to construction or acquisition of qualifying assets for the period up to the completion of construction or acquisition of such assets are included in the costs of the assets. Other financing costs are recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

1.11) Leases:

Lease arrangements where the risk and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vest with the lessor are recognized as operating leases. Payments under operating lease are recognized in statement of profit & loss account on a accrual basis over the lease term. Rental income is recognized on accrual basis over the lease term.

1.12) Impairment of Assets:

Management periodically assesses using external and internal sources whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. Impairment occurs where the carrying value exceeds the present value of future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of asset and its eventual disposal. The impairment loss to be expensed is determined as the excess of the carrying amount over the higher of the asset's net sales price or present value as determined above. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the assets carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.

1.13) Provision and Contingencies:

The Company recognizes a provision when there is a present obligation as results of a past event and it is probable that it would involve an outflow of resources and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of such obligation. Such provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the management's estimation of the obligation required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect management's current estimates.

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made where it is more likely than not that a present obligation or possible obligation may result in or involve an outflow of resources. When no present or possible obligation exists and the possibility of an outflow of resources is remote, no disclosure is made.

Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements.

1.14) Operating cycle:

Based on the nature of products / activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has determined its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities as current and non-current.


Mar 31, 2014

1.1) Basis of preparation:

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis, in accordance with the Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP") and mandatory accounting standards as prescribed in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules,2006, the provisions of the Companies Act,1956 and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India ("SEBI")

1.2) Use of Estimates:

The preparation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as of the date of the Financial Statements. Although these estimates are based on the management's best knowledge of current events and actions, the actual outcome may be different from the estimates. Difference between actual results and estimates are recognized in the period in which results are known or materialise.

1.3) Fixed assets:

1) Tangible fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any. Cost of acquisition or construction is inclusive of freight, duties, taxes and incidental expenses related to such acquisition or construction.

2) Intangible fixed assets are stated at cost less amortization.

1.4) Depreciation and Amortization

1) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets is provided on the straight-line method at the rates and in the manner laid down in schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

2) Depreciation has been provided on pro-rata basis in respect of addition to/deletion from the intangible fixed assets with reference to the date of addition/deletion of the assets.

3) Goodwill arising on acquisition of business unit is amortized over a period of ten years.

4) Leasehold land in the nature of perpetual lease is not amortized.

1.5) Investments:

Investments are classified into long term and current investments based on the intent of management at the time of acquisition. Long- term investments are stated at cost of acquisition and related expenses. Provision is made to recognize a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long term investments on an individual basis.

Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and net realizable value.

1.6) Employee Benefits:

Short term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount. in the Statement of Profit & Loss Account of the year in which the relative service is rendered.

Provision for gratuity is made, in the books of account as per the provisions of Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 on the assumption that all the employees are entitled to gratuity at the end of the accounting year. Provision for leave encashment is provided for at the end of financial year on the basis of last month drawn salary of the employees.

1.7) Revenue Recognition:

The revenue in respect of sale of courseware is recognized on delivery of materials. The revenue from training and education activity is recognized over the period of the course program. Revenue in respect of other consultancy receipts is recognized upon rendering of the service. All other income are accounted for on accrual basis. Claims including insurance claims are accounted for on the acceptance and determination of the amounts recoverable by the concerned authorities.

1.8) Dividend:

Dividend proposed, if any, by the Board of Directors as appropriation of profit is provided for in the books of account pending approval of the shareholders at the annual general meeting.

1.9) Miscellaneous Expenditure:

Preliminary, share issue and deferred revenue expenditure are being written off over a period of five years from the date of commencement of commercial operation.

1.10) Taxes on Income:

The expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act,1961. The impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year is recognized as a deferred tax asset or deferred tax liability. The tax effect is calculated on accumulated timing differences at the end of accounting year, based on effective tax rate substantively enacted by the balance date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized in future; however where there is unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward of losses, deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is a virtual certainty of realization of such assets.

1.11) Borrowing Cost:

Financing costs relating to borrowed funds attributable to construction or acquisition of qualifying assets for the period up to the completion of construction or acquisition of such assets are included in the costs of the assets. Other financing costs are recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

1.12) Leases:

Lease arrangements where the risk and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vest with the lessor are recognized as operating leases. Payments under operating lease are recognized in statement of profit & loss account on a accrual basis over the lease term. Assets lease out under operating leases are Capitalised. Rental income is recognized on accrual basis over the lease term.

1.13) Impairment of Assets:

Management periodically assesses using external and internal sources whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. Impairment occurs where the carrying value exceeds the present value of future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of asset and its eventual disposal. The impairment loss to be expensed is determined as the excess of the carrying amount over the higher of the asset's net sales price or present value as determined above. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the assets carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.

1.14) Provision and Contingencies :

The Company recognized a provision when there is a present obligation as results of a past event and it is probable that it would involve an outflow of resources and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of such obligation. Such provisions are not discounted to there present value and are determined based on the management's estimation of the obligation required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect management's current estimates.

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made where it is more likely than not that a present obligation or possible obligation may result in or involve an outflow of resources. When no present or possible obligation exists and the possibility of an outflow of resources is remote, no disclosure is made.

Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements.

1.15) Operating cycle :

Based on the nature of products / activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has determined its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities as current and non-current.


Mar 31, 2013

Company Overview

IEC Education Limited (the ACI-Company'') was incorporated on 23rd August,1994 in India as a public limited Company. The Company made an initial public offer in March, 1996. As at 31st March, 2013 the Company is listed on Three Stock exchanges in India namely Bombay Stock Exchange, Delhi Stock Exchange and Jaipur Stock Exchange. The Company has three Subsidiaries located in India. The Company''s business consists of Computer education, Franchisee business ACY- Personality development programme.

1.1) Basis of preparation:

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis, in accordance with the Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ( ACI-GAAP ACI-) and mandatory accounting standards as prescribed in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules,2006, the provisions of the Companies Act,1956 and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India ( ACI-SEBI ACI-)

1.2) Use of Estimates:

The preparation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as of the date of the Financial Statements. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, the actual outcome may be different from the estimates. Difference between actual results and estimates are recognized in the period in which results are known or materialise.

1.3) Fixed assets:

1) Tangible fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any. Cost of acquisition or construction is inclusive of freight, duties, taxes and incidental expenses related to such acquisition or construction.

2) Intangible fixed assets are stated at cost less amortization.

1.4) Depreciation and Amortization

1) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets is provided on the straight-line method at the rates and in the manner laid down in schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

2) Depreciation has been provided on pro-rata basis in respect of addition to/deletion from the intangible fixed assets with reference to the date of addition/deletion of the assets.

3) Goodwill arising on acquisition of business unit is amortized over a period of ten years.

4) Leasehold land in the nature of perpetual lease is not amortized.

1.5) Investments:

Investments are classified into long term and current investments based on the intent of management at the time of acquisition. Long- term investments are stated at cost of acquisition and related expenses. Provision is made to recognize a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long term investments on an individual basis.

Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and net realizable value.

1.6) Employee Benefits:

Short term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit ACY- Loss Account of the year in which the relative service is rendered.

Provision for gratuity is made, in the books of account as per the provisions of Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 on the assumption that all the employees are entitled to gratuity at the end of the accounting year. Provision for leave encashment is provided for at the end of financial year on the basis of last month drawn salary of the employees.

1.7) Revenue Recognition:

The revenue in respect of sale of courseware is recognized on delivery of materials. The revenue from training and education activity is recognized over the period of the course program. Revenue in respect of other consultancy receipts is recognized upon rendering of the service. All other income are accounted for on accrual basis. Claims including insurance claims are accounted for on the acceptance and determination of the amounts recoverable by the concerned authorities.

1.8) Dividend:

Dividend proposed, if any, by the Board of Directors as appropriation of profit is provided for in the books of account pending approval of the shareholders at the annual general meeting.

1.9) Miscellaneous Expenditure:

Preliminary, share issue and deferred revenue expenditure are being written off over a period of five years from the date of commencement of commercial operation.

1.10) Taxes on Income:

The expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. The impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year is recognized as a deferred tax asset or deferred tax liability. The tax effect is calculated on accumulated timing differences at the end of accounting year, based on effective tax rate substantively enacted by the balance date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized in future ADs- however where there is unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward of losses, deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is a virtual certainty of realization of such assets.

1.11) Borrowing Cost:

Financing costs relating to borrowed funds attributable to construction or acquisition of qualifying assets for the period up to the completion of construction or acquisition of such assets are included in the costs of the assets. Other financing costs are recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

1.12) Leases:

Lease arrangements where the risk and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vest with the lessor are recognized as operating leases. Payments under operating lease are recognized in statement of profit ACY- loss account on a accrual basis over the lease term. Assets lease out under operating leases are Capitalised. Rental income is recognized on accrual basis over the lease term.

1.13) Impairment of Assets:

Management periodically assesses using external and internal sources whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. Impairment occurs where the carrying value exceeds the present value of future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of asset and its eventual disposal. The impairment loss to be expensed is determined as the excess of the carrying amount over the higher of the asset''s net sales price or present value as determined above. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the assets carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.

1.14) Provision and Contingencies:

The Company recognized a provision when there is a present obligation as results of a past event and it is probable that it would involve an outflow of resources and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of such obligation. Such provisions are not discounted to there present value and are determined based on the management''s estimation of the obligation required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect management''s current estimates.

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made where it is more likely than not that a present obligation or possible obligation may result in or involve an outflow of resources. When no present or possible obligation exists and the possibility of an outflow of resources is remote, no disclosure is made.

Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements.

1.15) Operating cycle:

Based on the nature of products / activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has determined its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities as current and non-current.


Mar 31, 2010

A) System of Accounting :

The financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention, on the accrual basis of accounting and are in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act,1956 and comply with the Accounting Standards (AS) referred to in sub section (3C) of Section 211 of the said Act. The preparation of financial statements requires the management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingent liabilities on the date of financial statements and the reported income and expenses.Actual results could differ from these estimates.Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized prospectively in current and future period.

b) Fixed assets :

1) Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any. Cost of acquisition or construction is inclusive of freight, duties, taxes and incidental expenses related to such acquisition or construction.

2) Goodwill is stated at cost less amortization.

c) Depreciation :

1) Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on the straight-line method at the rates and in the manner laid down in schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

2) Depreciation has been provided on pro-rata basis in respect of addition to/deletion from the fixed assets with reference to the date of addition/deletion of the assets.

3) Goodwill arising on acquisition of business unit is amortized over a period of ten years

d) Investment :

1) Long-term investments are stated at cost of acquisition and related expenses. Provision is made to recognize a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long term investments on an individual basis.

2) Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and fare value.

e) Employee Benefit :

Short term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Profit & Loss Account of the year in which the relative service is rendered. Provision for gratuity is made, in the books of account as per the provisions of Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 on the assumption that all the employees are entitled to gratuity at the end of the accounting year. Provision for leave encashment is provided for at the end of financial year on the basis of last month drawn salary of the employees.

f) Revenue Recognition :

The revenue in respect of sale of courseware is recognized on delivery of materials. The revenue from training and education activity is recognized over the period of the course program. Revenue in respect of other consultancy receipts is recognized upon rendering of the service. Claims including insurance claims are accounted for on the acceptance and determination of the amounts recoverable by the concerned authorities.

g) Dividend :

Dividend proposed, if any, by the Board of Directors as appropriation of profit is provided for in the books of account pending approval of the shareholders at the annual general meeting.

h) Miscellaneous Expenditure :

Preliminary, share issue and deferred revenue expenditure are being written off over a period of five years from the date of commencement of commercial operation.

i) Taxes on Income :

The expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act,1961. The impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year is recognized as a deferred tax asset or deferred tax liability. The tax effect is calculated on accumulated timing differences at the end of accounting year, based on effective tax rate substantively enacted by the balance date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized in future; however where there is unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward of losses, deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is a virtual certainty of realization of such assets.

j) Borrowing Cost :

Borrowing cost incurred in relation to the acquisition, construction of assets are capitalized as the part of the cost of such assets upto the date when such assets are ready for intended use. Other borrowing costs are charged as expenses in the year in which they are incurred.

k) Leases :

Lease arrangements where the risk and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vest with the lessor are recognized as operating leases. Payments under operating lease are recognized in profit & loss account on a accrual basis over the lease term. Assets lease out under operating leases are Capitalised.Rental income is recognized on accrual basis over the lease term.

l) Impairment of Assets :

An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the Profit and Loss Account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting periods is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.

m) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets :

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized in terms of Accounting Standard 29-“ Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets” (AS-29) notified by the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent liabilities are recognized only when there is a possible obligation arising from past events and the existences of which will be confirmed only by the occurance or non- occurance of future events not wholly within the control of the Company. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in financial statements.

n) General :

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with historical cost convention. Accounting policies not specifically referred to are consistent with GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRACTICES.


Mar 31, 2009

A) System of Accounting:

The financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention, on the accrual basis of accounting and on the accounting principles of a going concern and comply in all material respects with the mandatory Accounting Standards (AS), issued by the institute of Chartered Accountants of India and the relevant provisions of Companies Act, 1956.

b) Fixed assets:

1) Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost of acquisition or construction is inclusive of freight, duties, taxes and incidental expenses related to such acquisition or construction.

2) Goodwill is stated at cost less amortization.

c) Depreciation:

1) Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on the straight-line method at the rates and in the manner laid down in schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

2) Depreciation has been provided on pro-rata basis in respect of addition to/deletion from the fixed assets with reference to the date of addition/deletion of the assets.

3) Goodwill arising on acquisition of business unit is amortized over a period often years

d) Investment:

Long-term investments are stated at cost of acquisition and related expenses. Provision is made to recognize a decline, other than temporary, in the value of investments.

e) Employee Benefits:

Short term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Profit & Loss Account of the year in which the relative service is rendered

Provision for gratuity is made, in the books of account as per the provisions of Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 on the assumption that all the employees are entitled to gratuity at the end of the accounting year. Provision for leave encashment is provided for at the end of financial year on the basis of last month drawn salary of the employees.

f) Revenue Recognition:

The revenue in respect of sale of courseware is recognized on delivery of materials. The revenue from training and education activity is recognized over the period of the course program. In respect of software and consultancy activities, the revenue arises and is recognized on dispatch/delivery of the concerned goods/services. Claims including insurance claims are accounted for on the acceptance and determination of the amounts recoverable by the concerned authorities.

d) Dividend:

Dividend proposed, if any, by the Board of Directors as appropriation of profit is provided for in the books of account pending approval of the shareholders at the annual general meeting.

e) Miscellaneous Expenditure:

Preliminary, share issue and deferred revenue expenditure are being written off over a period of five years from the date of commencement of commercial operation.

f) Provision for current and Deferred Tax

Income taxes are accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standard-22 on Accounting for Taxes on Income. Provision for tax is made for current and deferred taxes. Current tax is provided on the taxable income using the applicable tax rates and tax laws. Deferred tax assets and liabilities arising on account of timing differences and which are capable of reversal in subsequent periods are recognized using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or subsequently enacted.

g) Borrowing Cost:

Borrowing cost incurred in relation to the acquisition, construction of assets are capitalized as the part of the cost of such assets upto the date when such assets are ready for intended use. Other borrowing costs are charged as an expenses in the year in which they are incurred.

h) Leases:

Lease arrangements where the risk and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vest with the lessor are recognized as operating leases. Payments under operating lease are recognized in profit & loss account on accural basis over the lease term. Assets leased out under operating leases are capitalized. Rental income is recognized on accrual basis over the lease term.

i) Impairment of Assets:

An assets is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the Profit and Loss Account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting periods is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.

m) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets.

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resourses. Contingent liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the notes. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in financial statements.

n) General:

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with historical cost convention Accounting policies not specifically referred to are consistent with GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRACTICES.

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