Mar 31, 2023
ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2023
1 BACKGROUND
IFCI Limited (âthe Companyâ), incorporated in Delhi, India is a Non-Banking Finance Company in the public sector. Established in 1948 as a statutory corporation, IFCI is currently a company listed on BSE and NSE. The Company provide financial support for the diversified growth of Industries across the spectrum. The financing activities cover various kinds of projects such as airports, roads, telecom, power, real estate, manufacturing, services sector and such other allied industries.
2 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements
The financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2023 have been prepared by the Company in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (âInd ASâ) notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended from time to time, in this regard.
For periods up to and including the year ended March 31, 2018, the Company presented its financial statements on accural basis under historical cost convention, and conform in all material aspects to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (âIndian GAAPâ or âprevious GAAPâ) which encompasses applicable accounting standards relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013, the applicable guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for Non-Banking Financial Companies, other statutory provisions and regulatory framework.
The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to the periods presented in these financial statements.
The financial statements were authorised for issue by the Companyâs Board of Directors on 25 May, 2023.
3 Functional and Presentation currency
These financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (Rs), which is the Companyâs functional and presentation currency. All amounts have been denominated in crores and rounded off to the nearest two decimal, except when otherwise indicated.
4 Basis of measurement
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following material items:
⢠Financial assets at FVTOCI that is measured at fair value
⢠Financial instruments at FVTPL that is measured at fair value
⢠Net defined benefit (asset)/ liability - fair value of plan assets less present value of defined benefit obligation
5 Use of judgements and estimates
In preparing these financial statements, management has made judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities and assets) as on the date of the financial statements and the reported income and expenses for the reporting period. Management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively.
6 Significant accounting policies
The Company has consistently applies the following accounting policies to all periods presented in these financial statements.
a. Revenue recognition
i. Interest income from financial assets is recognised on an accrual basis using Effective Interest Rate (âEIRâ) method. The EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate to the net carrying amount of the financial asset. The EIR is computed basis the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument. The calculation includes all fees, transaction costs, and all other premiums or discounts paid or received between parties to the contract that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.
The interest revenue continues to be recognised at the original EIR applied on the gross carrying amount for financial assets (when the asset is not credit impaired). The Company has changed its accounting policy whereby income on stage 3 assets (except on assets which are standard under IRAC norms) shall not be recognized in books of accounts with effect from 01st April 2021.
For financial assets that were credit impaired on initial recognition, interest income is calculated by applying the credit-adjusted effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset.
ii. Penal interest and other overdue charges which are not included in effective interest rate is recognised on realisation, due to uncertainty of realisation and is accounted for accordingly.
iii. Amount received from borrowers against loans and advances are appropriated due date-wise towards other debits, interest overdue and principal overdue, in that order, across the due dates, except in the case of one time or negotiated settlements, where the appropriation is done as per the terms of the settlement.
iv. Premium on pre-payment of loans/ reduction in interest rates is recognised as income on receipt basis.
v. Dividends declared by the respective Companies till the close of the accounting period are accounted for as income when the right to receive the dividend is established.
vi. LC Commission is recognised over time as the services are rendered as per the terms of the contract.
vii. The dividend unclaimed on account of shares sold and outstanding in the books are recognised as income after the end of three years,the limitation period.
b. Financial instruments
I. Initial recognition and measurement
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. However, trade receivables that do not contain a signifiacnt financing component are measured at transaction price.
II. Classifications and subsequent measurement Financial assets
On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as subsequently measured at either amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income (âFVTOCIâ) or FVTPL, depending on the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial assets and the Companyâs business model for managing the financial assets.
Business Model Assessment
The Company makes an objective assessment of the business model in which an asset is held at a portfolio level, because this best reflects the way the business is managed and information is provided to management. The information considered includes:
⢠The stated policies and objectives for the portfolio and the operation of those policies in practice. In particular, whether managementâs strategy focuses on earning contractual interest revenue, maintaining a particular interest rate profile, matching the duration of the financial assets to the duration of the liabilities that are funding those assets or realising cash flows through the sale of the assets;
⢠The frequency, volume and timing of sales in prior periods, the reasons for such sales and its expectations about future sales activity. However, information about sales activity is not considered in isolation, but as part of an overall assessment of how the Companyâs stated objective for managing the financial assets is achieved and how cash flows are realized;
The risks that affect the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and how those risks are managed.
Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.
Financial assets at Amortised Cost
A financial asset is measured at amortised cost only if both of the following conditions are met:
⢠It is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.
⢠The contractual terms of the financial asset represent contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest. Subsequently, these are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method less any impairment losses.
Financial assets at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (âFVTOCIâ)
A financial asset is measured at FVTOCI only if both of the following conditions are met:
⢠It is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets.
⢠The contractual terms of the financial asset represent contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest. Subsequently, these are measured at fair value and changes therein, are recognised in other comprehensive income. Impairment losses on said financial assets are recognised in other comprehensive income and do not reduce the carrying amount of the financial asset in the balance sheet
Financial assets at Fair Value through Profit and Loss (FVTPL)
Any financial instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorisation as at amortised cost or as FVOCI, is classified as at FVTPL. Subsequently, these are measured at fair value and changes therein, are recognised in profit and loss account.
Investment in equity instruments
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 (i.e. other than equity investments in subsidiaries / associates / joint ventures) are measured at FVTPL.
Subsequently, these are measured at fair value and changes therein, are recognised in profit and loss account. However on initial recognition of an equity instrument that is not held for trading, the Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in fair value in OCI. This election is made on an investment by investment basis.
Derivative instruments
All derivative instruments are measured as FVTPL.
Financial liabilities and equity instruments
Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss or amortised cost, as appropriate and is accordingly accounted for.
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company is recognised at the proceeds received, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
III. Measurement Basis Amortised cost
Amortised cost is the amount at which the financial asset or financial liability is measured at initial recognition minus the principal repayments, plus or minus the cumulative amortisation using the EIR method of discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR and, for financial assets, adjusted for any loss allowance.
Fair Valuation
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date in the principal or, in its absence, the most advantageous market to which the Company has access at that date. The fair value of a liability reflects it non-performance risk.
When one is available, the Company measures the fair value of an instrument using the quoted price in an active market for that instrument. A market is regarded as active if transactions for the asset or liability take place with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
If there is no quoted price in an active market, then the Company uses valuation techniques that maximise the use of relevant observable inputs and minimise the use of unobservable inputs. The valuation technique incorporates all of the factors that market participants would take into account in pricing a transaction.
IV. De-recognition/Modification of financial assets and financial liabilities
Derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities
Financial assets
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily de-recognised (i.e. removed from the Companyâs balance sheet) when:
⢠The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or fully recovered or
⢠The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a âpass-throughâ arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognize the transferred asset to the extent of the Companyâs continuing involvement. The Company also recognise a liability for the consideration received attributable to the Companyâs continuing involvement on the asset transferred. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.
On de-recognition of a financial asset, the difference between the carrying amount of the asset (or the carrying amount allocated to the portion of the asset de-recognised) and the sum of (i) the consideration received (including any new asset obtained less any new liability assumed) and (ii) any cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in OCI is recognised in profit or loss.
Financial liabilities
The Company de-recognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expired.
VI. Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet when the Company has a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
VII. Impairment of Financial Assets
The Company recognises impairment allowances for ECL on all the financial assets that are not measured at FVTPL:
- financial assets that are debt instruments
- lease receivables
- financial guarantee contracts issued
- loan commitment issued
No impairment loss is recognised on equity investments
ECL are probability weighted estimate of credit losses. They are measured as follows:
- financial assets that are not credit impaired - as the present value of all cash shortfalls that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
- financial assets with significant increase in credit risk but not credit impaired - as the present value of all cash shortfalls that result from all possible default events over the expected life of the financial asset.
- financial assets that are credit impaired - as the difference between the gross carrying amount and the present value of estimated cash flows
- undrawn loan commitments - as the present value of the difference between the contractual cash flows that are due to the Company if the commitment is drawn down and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive
With respect to trade receivables and other financial assets, the Company measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses.
Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortised cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets. For financial assets at FVTOCI, the loss allowance is recognised in OCI.
Write-off
Financial assets are written off (either partially or in full) when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering a financial asset in its entirety or a portion thereof. This is generally the case when the Company determines that the borrower does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subject to the write-off. This assessment is carried out at the individual asset level and is charged to statement of profit or loss.
However, financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities under the Companyâs recovery procedures, taking into account legal advice where appropriate. Any recoveries made are recognised in profit or loss as an adjustment to impairment on financial assets.
c. Investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures
The Company accounts for its investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures at cost less accumulated impairment, if any.
d. Leases
Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
I. The Company as lessor
Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recognised as receivables at the amount of the Companyâs net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the Companyâs net investment outstanding in respect of the leases.
Rental income from operating leases is generally recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Where the rentals are structured solely to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the Companyâs expected inflationary cost increases, such increases are recognised in the year in which such benefits accrue.
II. The Company as lessee
Rental expense from operating leases is generally recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Where the rentals are structured solely to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessorâs expected inflationary cost increases, such increases are recognised in the year in which such cost incurred. Contingent rentals arising under operating leases are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.
e. Employee benefits
i. Short term employee benefits
Short term employee benefits are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.
ii. Post employement benefits
a. Defined contribution plans Pension
Prior to 1 April 2008, the employees were governed by the provisions of the pension scheme in operation at the time of their retirement and are accordingly entitled to DA relief and family pension as and when due. The contribution made on account of same is charged to revenue as and when due. The Company switched to defined contribution scheme in August 2008 for employees existing on 1 April 2008 and opting for the same. The administration of Pension Fund in respect of the employees has been entrusted by Trustees to Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) by entering into a Group Superannuation Cash Accumulation Scheme.
b. Defined benefit plans Provident Fund
The Company pays fixed contribution to Provident Fund at predetermined rates and invests the funds in permitted securities. The contributions to the fund for the year are recognized as expense and are charged to the profit or loss. The obligation of the Company is to make such fixed contributions and to ensure a minimum rate of return to the members as specified by the Government of India (Gol).
Gratuity
The Company has a defined benefit employee scheme in the form of Gratuity. The Trustees of the scheme have entrusted the administration of related fund to LIC. Expense for the year is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation of the Companyâs year-end obligation in this regard and the value of year end assets of the scheme. Contribution is deposited with LIC based on intimation received by the Company.
Medical facility
The Company has a post-retirement medical benefit scheme for employees and their dependants subject to certain limits for hospitalization and normal medical treatment.
The Companyâs net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current costs and the fair value of any plan assets, if any is deducted.
iii. Other long term employee benefits
Benefits under the Companyâs leave encashmenand and leave fare concession constitute other long term employee benefits. The Companyâs net obligation in respect of leave encashment is the amount of future benefit that employees have present value, and the fair value of any related assets is deducted. The calculation is performed using the projected unit credit method. Any actuarial gains or losses are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise. Provison for Leave fare concession is being made on actuarial valuation basis.
f) Income Taxes
I. Current tax
Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid in respect of taxable income for the year in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Current tax comprises the tax payable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable in respect of previous years. It is measured using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Minimum alternative tax (âMATâ) under the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 is recognised as current tax in the statement of profit and loss.
Current tax assets and liabilities are offset only if, the Company:
a) has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts; and
b) intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
II. Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and based on managementâs judgement, are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised; such reductions are reversed when the probability of future taxable profits improves.
Unrecognized deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used.Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only if the Company:
a) has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities; and
b) the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority.
The credit available under the Act in respect of MAT paid is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the period for which the MAT credit can be carried forward for set-off against the normal tax liability. MAT credit recognised as an asset is reviewed at each balance sheet date and written down to the extent the aforesaid convincing evidence no longer exists.
g) Property, plant and equipment and Investment property Recognition and measurement
Property, plant and equipment held for use or for administrative purposes, are stated in the balance sheet at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. The cost includes non-refundable taxes, duties, freight and other incidental expenses related to the acquisition and installation of the respective assets. Assets having individual value of less than '' 5,000/- are charged to statement of Profit and Loss in the year of purchase.
Investment Property consists of building let out to earn rentals. The Company follows cost model for measurement of investment property.
Depreciation
Depreciation is provided using the straight line method over the useful life as prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. Depreciation is calculated on pro-rata basis, including the month of addition and excluding the month of sale/disposal. Leasehold improvements are amortised over the underlying lease term on a straight line basis.Residual value in respect of Buildings and Vehicles is considered as 5% of the cost and in case of other assets â âNilâ.
The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.
De-recognition
An item of property, plant and equipment or investment property is de-recognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment or investment property is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in profit or loss.
h) Intangible assets Recognition and measurement
Intangible assets are recognized at cost of acquisition which includes all expenditure that can be directly attributed or allocated on a reasonable and consistent basis, to create, produce or making the asset ready for its intended use.
Amortisation
Amortisation is recognised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis. The intangible assets shown in the Balance Sheet include computer software having perpetual license and are amortized on Straight Line Method over the period of six years from the date of capitalization.
De-recognition
An intangible asset is de-recognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, is recognised in profit or loss when the asset is de-recognized.
i) Impairment of non-financial assets
At each reporting date, the Company reviews the carrying amount of its non financial assets (other than assets held for sale and deferred tax assets) to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the assetâs recoverable amount is estimated.
For impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that is largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.
The ârecoverable amountâ of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. âValue in useâ is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU.
Impairment losses are recognised in profit and loss. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the assetâs carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.
j) Foreign currency transactions
The expenses and income in foreign exchange transactions are accounted for at the rates prevailing on the date of transactions/ at the forward rate, if booked, for such transaction.Assets and liabilities held in foreign currencies and accrued income and expenditure in foreign currencies are translated into Indian Rupees at the rates advised by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (FEDAI) prevailing towards the close of the accounting period. Gains/ losses, if any, on valuation of various assets and liabilities are taken to Statement of Profit & Loss
k) Provisions and contingencies related to claims, litigation, etc.
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a legal and constructive obligation as a result of a past event, for which it is probable that cash outflow will be required and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are measured at the present value of managementâs best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability.
l) Contingent liabilities and contingent assets
A contingent liability exists when there is a possible but not probable obligation, or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources, or a present obligation whose amount cannot be estimated reliably. Contingent liabilities do not warrant provisions, but are disclosed unless the possibility of outflow of resources is remote.
Contingent assets are disclosed in the financial statements where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.
m) Cash and cash equivalent
Cash and cash equivalents include balance with banks in current accounts and term deposits, cash & cheques in hand and money lent on collateralized lending & borrowing obligations transactions.
n) Segment reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) of the company. The CODM is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments of the Company.
o) Assets held for sale
Assets are classified as held for sale if it is highly probable that they will be recovered primarily through sale rather than through continuing use. Such assets measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less cost to sell with gains and losses on remeasurement recognised in profit or loss.
Once classified as held for sale, assets are no longer amortised. depreciated or impaired.
Mar 31, 2022
1 BACKGROUND
IFCI Limited [âthe Companyâ), incorporated in Delhi, India is a Non-Banking Finance Company in the public sector. Established in 1948 as a statutory corporation, IFCI is currently a company listed on BSE and NSE. The Company provide financial support for the diversified growth of Industries across the spectrum. The financing activities cover various kinds of projects such as airports, roads, telecom, power, real estate, manufacturing, services sector and such other allied industries.
2 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements
The financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2022 have been prepared by the Company in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (âInd ASâ) notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended from time to time, in this regard.
For periods up to and including the year ended March 31, 2018, the Company presented its financial statements on accural basis under historical cost convention, and conform in all material aspects to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (âIndian GAAPâ or âprevious GAAPâ) which encompasses applicable accounting standards relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013, the applicable guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for Non-Banking Financial Companies, other statutory provisions and regulatory framework.
The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to the periods presented in these financial statements.
The financial statements were authorised for issue by the Companyâs Board of Directors on 28 May, 2022.
3 Functional and Presentation currency
These financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (Rs), which is the Companyâs functional and presentation currency. All amounts have been denominated in crores and rounded off to the nearest two decimal, except when otherwise indicated.
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following material items:
⢠Financial assets at FVTOCI that is measured at fair value
⢠Financial instruments at FVTPL that is measured at fair value
⢠Net defined benefit (asset)/ liability - fair value of plan assets less present value of defined benefit obligation
5 Use of judgements and estimates
In preparing these financial statements, management has made judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities and assets) as on the date of the financial statements and the reported income and expenses for the reporting period. Management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Actual results may differ from these estimates.Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively.
6 Significant accounting policies
The Company has consistently applies the following accounting policies to all periods presented in these financial statements.
a. Revenue recognition
i. Interest income from financial assets is recognised on an accrual basis using Effective Interest Rate (âEIRâ) method. The EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate to the net carrying amount of the financial asset. The EIR is computed basis the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument. The calculation includes all fees, transaction costs, and all other premiums or discounts paid or received between parties to the contract that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.
The interest revenue continues to be recognised at the original EIR applied on the gross carrying amount for financial assets (when the asset is not credit impaired). The Company has changed its accounting policy whereby income on stage 3 assets (except on assets which are standard under IRAC norms) shall not be recognized in books of accounts with effect from 01st April 2021.
For financial assets that were credit impaired on initial recognition, interest income is calculated by applying the credit-adjusted effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset.
ii. Ffenal interest and other overdue charges which are not included in effective interest rate is recognised on realisation, due to uncertainty of realisation and is accounted for accordingly.
iii. Amount received from borrowers against loans and advances are appropriated due date-wise towards other debits, interest overdue and principal overdue, in that order, across the due dates, except in the case of one time or negotiated settlements, where the appropriation is done as per the terms of the settlement.
iv. Premium on pre-payment of loans/ reduction in interest rates is recognised as income on receipt basis.
v. Dividends declared by the respective Companies till the close of the accounting period are accounted for as income when the right to receive the dividend is established.
vi. LC Commission is recognised over time as the services are rendered as per the terms of the contract.
vii. The dividend unclaimed on account of shares sold and outstanding in the books are recognised as income after the end of three years,the limitation period.
I. Initial recognition and measurement
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition.
II. Classifications and subsequent measurement Financial assets
On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as subsequently measured at either amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive
income (âFVTOCIâ) or FVTPL, depending on the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial assets and the Companyâs business model for managing the financial assets.
The Company makes an objective assessment of the business model in which an asset is held at a portfolio level, because this best reflects the way the business is managed and information is provided to management. The information considered includes:
⢠The stated policies and objectives for the portfolio and the operation of those policies in practice. In particular, whether managementâs strategy focuses on earning contractual interest revenue, maintaining a particular interest rate profile, matching the duration of the financial assets to the duration of the liabilities that are funding those assets or realising cash flows through the sale of the assets;
⢠The frequency, volume and timing of sales in prior periods, the reasons for such sales and its expectations about future sales activity. However, information about sales activity is not considered in isolation, but as part of an overall assessment of how the Companyâs stated objective for managing the financial assets is achieved and how cash flows are realized;
The risks that affect the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and how those risks are managed.
Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.
Financial assets at Amortised Cost
A financial asset is measured at amortised cost only if both of the following conditions are met:
⢠It is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.
⢠The contractual terms of the financial asset represent contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest. Subsequently, these are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method less any impairment losses.
Financial assets at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (âFVTOCIâ)
A financial asset is measured at FVTOCI only if both of the following conditions are met:
⢠It is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets.
⢠The contractual terms of the financial asset represent contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest. Subsequently, these are measured at fair value and changes therein, are recognised in other comprehensive income. Impairment losses on said financial assets are recognised in other comprehensive income and do not reduce the carrying amount of the financial asset in the balance sheet
Financial assets at Fair Value through Profit and Loss (FVTPL)
Any financial instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorisation as at amortised cost or as FVOCI, is classified as at FVTPL. Subsequently, these are measured at fair value and changes therein, are recognised in profit and loss account.
Investment in equity instruments
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 (i.e. other than equity investments in subsidiaries / associates / joint ventures) are measured at FVTPL.
Subsequently, these are measured at fair value and changes therein, are recognised in profit and loss account. However on initial recognition of an equity instrument that is not held for trading, the Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in fair value in OCI. This election is made on an investment by investment basis.
All derivative instruments are measured as FVTPL.
Financial liabilities and equity instruments
Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss or amortised cost, as appropriate and is accordingly accounted for.
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company is recognised at the proceeds received, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
III. Measurement Basis Amortised cost
Amortised cost is the amount at which the financial asset or financial liability is measured at initial recognition minus the principal repayments, plus or minus the cumulative amortisation using the EIR method of discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR and, for financial assets, adjusted for any loss allowance.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date in the principal or, in its absence, the most advantageous market to which the Company has access at that date. The fair value of a liability reflects it non-performance risk.
When one is available, the Company measures the fair value of an instrument using the quoted price in an active market for that instrument. A market is regarded as active if transactions for the asset or liability take place with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
If there is no quoted price in an active market, then the Company uses valuation techniques that maximise the use of relevant observable inputs and minimise the use of unobservable inputs. The valuation technique incorporates all of the factors that market participants would take into account in pricing a transaction.
IV. De-recognition/Modification of financial assets and financial liabilities
Derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily de-recognised (i.e. removed from the Companyâs balance sheet) when:
⢠The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or fully recovered or
⢠The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a âpass-throughâ arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognize the transferred asset to the extent of the Companyâs continuing involvement. The Company also recognise a liability for the consideration received attributable to the Companyâs continuing involvement on the asset transferred. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.
On de-recognition of a financial asset, the difference between the carrying amount of the asset (or the carrying amount allocated to the portion of the asset de-recognised) and the sum of (i) the consideration received (including any new asset obtained less any new liability assumed) and (ii) any cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in OCI is recognised in profit or loss.
The Company de-recognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expired.
V. Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet when the Company has a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
VI. Impairment of Financial Assets
The Company recognises impairment allowances for ECL on all the financial assets that are not measured at FVTPL:
- financial assets that are debt instruments
- lease receivables
- financial guarantee contracts issued
- loan commitment issued
No impairment loss is recognised on equity investments
ECL are probability weighted estimate of credit losses. They are measured as follows:
- financial assets that are not credit impaired - as the present value of all cash shortfalls that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
- financial assets with significant increase in credit risk but not credit impaired - as the present value of all cash shortfalls that result from all possible default events over the expected life of the financial asset.
- financial assets that are credit impaired - as the difference between the gross carrying amount and the present value of estimated cash flows
- undrawn loan commitments - as the present value of the difference between the contractual cash flows that are due to the Company if the commitment is drawn down and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive
With respect to trade receivables and other financial assets, the Company measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses.
Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortised cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets. For financial assets at FVTOCI, the loss allowance is recognised in OCI.
Financial assets are written off (either partially or in full) when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering a financial asset in its entirety or a portion thereof. This is generally the case when the Company determines that the borrower does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subject to the write-off. This assessment is carried out at the individual asset level and is charged to statement of profit or loss.
However, financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities under the Companyâs recovery procedures, taking into account legal advice where appropriate. Any recoveries made are recognised in profit or loss as an adjustment to impairment on financial assets.
c. Investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures
The Company accounts for its investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures at cost less accumulated impairment, if any.
Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
I. The Company as lessor
Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recognised as receivables at the amount of the Companyâs net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the Companyâs net investment outstanding in respect of the leases.
Rental income from operating leases is generally recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Where the rentals are structured solely to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the Companyâs expected inflationary cost increases, such increases are recognised in the year in wMch such benefits accrue.
II. The Company as lessee
Rental expense from operating leases is generally recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Where the rentals are structured solely to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessorâs expected inflationary cost increases, such
increases are recognised in the year in which such cost incurred. Contingent rentals arising under operating leases are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.
e. Employee benefits
i. Short term employee benefits
Short term employee benefits are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.
ii. Post employement benefits
a. Defined contribution plans Pension
Prior to 1 April 2008, the employees were governed by the provisions of the pension scheme in operation at the time of their retirement and are accordingly entitled to DA relief and family pension as and when due. The contribution made on account of same is charged to revenue as and when due. The Company switched to defined contribution scheme in August 2008 for employees existing on 1 April 2008 and opting for the same. The administration of Pension Fund in respect of the employees has been entrusted by Trustees to Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) by entering into a Group Superannuation Cash Accumulation Scheme.
b. Defined benefit plans Provident Fund
The Company pays fixed contribution to Provident Fund at predetermined rates and invests the funds in permitted securities. The contributions to the fund for the year are recognized as expense and are charged to the profit or loss. The obligation of the Company is to make such fixed contributions and to ensure a minimum rate of return to the members as specified by the Government of India (Gol). Gratuity
The Company has a defined benefit employee scheme in the form of Gratuity. The Trustees of the scheme have entrusted the administration of related fund to LIC. Expense for the year is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation of the Companyâs year-end obligation in this regard and the value of year end assets of the scheme. Contribution is deposited with LIC based on intimation received by the Company. Medical facility
The Company has a post-retirement medical benefit scheme for employees and their dependants subject to certain limits for hospitalization and normal medical treatment.
The Companyâs net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current costs and the fair value of any plan assets, if any is deducted.
iii. Other long term employee benefits
Benefits under the Companyâs leave encashmenand and leave fare concession constitute other long term employee benefits. The Companyâs net obligation in respect of leave encashment is the amount of future benefit that employees have present value, and the fair value of any related assets is deducted. The calculation is performed using the projected unit credit method. Any actuarial gains or losses are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise. Provison for Leave fare concession is being made on actuarial valuation basis.
I. Current tax
Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid in respect of taxable income for the year in accordance with the Income Thx Act, 1961. Current tax comprises the tax payable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable in respect of previous years. It is measured using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Minimum alternative tax [âMATâ) under the provisions of the Income Thx Act, 1961 is recognised as current tax in the statement of profit and loss.
Current tax assets and liabilities are offset only if, the Company:
a) has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts; and
b) intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
II. Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and based on managementâs judgement, are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised; such reductions are reversed when the probability of future taxable profits improves.
Unrecognized deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only if the Company:
a) has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities; and
b) the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority.
The credit available under the Act in respect of MAT paid is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the period for which the MAT credit can be carried forward for set-off against the normal tax liability. MAT credit recognised as an asset is reviewed at each balance sheet date and written down to the extent the aforesaid convincing evidence no longer exists.
g) Property, plant and equipment and Investment property Recognition and measurement
Property, plant and equipment held for use or for administrative purposes, are stated in the balance sheet at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. The cost includes non-refund able taxes, duties, freight and other incidental expenses related to the acquisition and
installation of the respective assets. Assets having individual value of less than ? 5,000/- are charged to statement of Profit and Loss in the year of purchase.
Investment Property consists of building let out to earn rentals. The Company follows cost model for measurement of investment property. Depreciation
Depreciation is provided using the straight line method over the useful life as prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. Depreciation is calculated on pro-rata basis, including the month of addition and excluding the month of sale/disposal. Leasehold improvements are amortised over the underlying lease term on a straight line basis. Residual value in respect of Buildings and Vehicles is considered as 5% of the cost and in case of other assets 1 âNilâ.
The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.
De-recognition
An item of property, plant and equipment or investment property is de-recognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment or investment property is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in profit or loss.
h) Intangible assets Recognition and measurement
Intangible assets are recognized at cost of acquisition which includes all expenditure that can be directly attributed or allocated on a reasonable and consistent basis, to create, produce or making the asset ready for its intended use.
Amortisation is recognised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.
The intangible assets shown in the Balance Sheet include computer software having perpetual license and are amortized on Straight Line Method over the period of six years from the date of capitalization.
De-re cognition
An intangible asset is de-recognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, is recognised in profit or loss when the asset is de-recognized.
i) Impairment of non-financial assets
At each reporting date, the Company reviews the carrying amount of its non financial assets (other than assets held for sale and deferred tax assets) to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the assetâs recoverable amount is estimated.
For impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that is largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.
The ârecoverable amountâ of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. âValue in useâ is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU.
Impairment losses are recognised in profit and loss. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the assetâs carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.
j) Foreign currency transactions
The expenses and income in foreign exchange transactions are accounted for at the rates prevailing on the date of transactions/ at the forward rate, if booked, for such transaction.Assets and liabilities held in foreign currencies and accrued income and expenditure in foreign currencies are translated into Indian Rupees at the rates advised by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (FEDAI) prevailing towards the close of the accounting period. Gains/ losses, if any, on valuation of various assets and liabilities are taken to Statement of Profit & Loss
k) Provisions and contingencies related to claims, litigation, etc.
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a legal and constructive obligation as a result of a past event, for which it is probable that cash outflow will be required and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are measured at the present value of managementâs best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability.
l) Contingent liabilities and contingent assets
A contingent liability exists when there is a possible but not probable obligation, or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources, or a present obligation whose amount cannot be estimated reliably. Contingent liabilities do not warrant provisions, but are disclosed unless the possibility of outflow of resources is remote.
Contingent assets are disclosed in the financial statements where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.
m) Cash and cash equivalent
Cash and cash equivalents include balance with banks in current accounts and term deposits, cash & cheques in hand and money lent on collateralized lending & borrowing obligations transactions.
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) of the company. The CODM is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments of the Company.
Assets are classified as held for sale if it is highly probable that they will be recovered primarily through sale rather than through continuing use. Such assets measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less cost to sell with gains and losses on remeasurement recognised in profit or loss.
Once classified as held for sale, assets are no longer amortised, depreciated or impaired.
Mar 31, 2018
ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2018 A. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
1. Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared as per formats prescribed under Schedule-III of the Companies Act,2013,on accrual basis under historical cost convention, and conform in all material aspects to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India which encompasses applicable accounting standards relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013, the applicable guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for Non-Banking Financial Companies, other statutory provisions and regulatory framework.
2. Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) as of the date of the financial statements and the reported income and expenses during the reporting period. The Management believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable.
3. Revenue Recognition
(a) Interest and other dues are recognized on accrual basis except in the case of income on Non-Performing Assets (NPA) which is recognized, as and when received, as per the prudential norms prescribed by the RBI for Non-Banking Financial Companies.
(b) Amount received from borrowers against loans and advances are appropriated due date-wise towards other debits, interest overdue and principal overdue, in that order, across the due dates, except in the case of one time or negotiated settlements, where the appropriation is done as per the terms of the settlement.
(c) Following are recognized on receipt basis:
(i) Front-end fees, Premium on pre-payment of loans/ reduction in interest rates and LC Commission.
(ii) Interim returns by promoter/ promoter group companies at a pre-agreed rate of return, as per buy-back agreements, on certain equity investments.
(d) Dividends declared by the respective Companies till the close of the accounting period are accounted for as income.
(e) Rental on leased assets is accounted for from the commencement date, as prescribed in the lease agreement entered with the lessees.
(f) The front-end fees/ underwriting commission/ commitment fee received in respect of devolvement of underwriting and direct subscription is reduced from the cost of related investments.
(g) Surplus/ gains on sale of investments is net of losses thereon or vice versa.
(h) The dividend unclaimed on account of shares sold and outstanding in the books are recognized as income after the end of three years, the limitation period.
4. Investments
(a) Investments are classified under two categories i.e. current and long term and are valued in accordance with the RBI Guidelines as applicable to Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs).
(i) âLong term Investmentsâ are carried at acquisition cost in terms of Accounting Standard 13 issued by ICAI, on Accounting for Investmentsâ. Provision is made for diminution other than temporary on an individual basis. However, long term investment in equity shares with buy- back commitment are assessed for diminution other than temporary only when there is a default in buyback commitment by the promoter/ promoter group and provision is made accordingly on individual basis.
(ii) âCurrent investmentsâ for each category shall be valued at cost or market value whichever is lower. If the aggregate market value for the category is less than the aggregated cost for that category, the net depreciation shall be provided for or charged to the profit and loss account. The net appreciation, if any, shall be ignored.
(b) Security Receipts issued by an Asset Reconstruction Company (ARC)/ Securitization Company (SC) are valued in accordance with RBI guidelines. Accordingly, the net asset value (NAV) is considered net of management fee & other expenses) obtained from the ARC is reckoned for valuation of such investments. Appreciation in the value, if any, is ignored and depreciation is provided for.
(c) Bonds in the nature of current investment are valued in accordance with the FIMMDA platform for the purpose.
5. Derivatives
(a) Equity Index/ Stock Futures and Currency Futures are marked to market on daily basis. Debit or Credit Balances disclosed under Current Assets or Current liabilities, respectively represent the net amount paid or received on the basis of movement of prices in the Index/ Stock Futures and Currency Futures till the Balance Sheet date. Equity Index/ Stock Options are recognized in the books to the extent of premium paid.
(b) As at the Balance Sheet date, the profit or loss on open positions are accounted for as follows:
(i) The unrealized profit determined Scrip wise/ Index wise, being anticipated profit, is ignored and no credit is taken in the statement of profit and loss.
(ii) The unrealized loss determined Scrip wise/ Index wise, being anticipated loss, is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
(iii) Equity Index/ Stock Options are carried at cost where they are used as an instrument for hedging
(c) On final settlement or squaring-up of contracts for Equity Index/ Stock Futures, the profit or loss is calculated as difference between settlement/ squaring-up price and contract price. Accordingly, debit or credit balance pertaining to the settled/ squared-up contract is recognized as profit or loss upon expiry/ squaring-up of the contracts. When more than one contract in respect of the relevant series of Equity Index/ Stock Futures contract to which the squared-up contract pertains is outstanding at the time of the squaring-up of the contract, the contract price of the contract so squared-up is determined using weighted average method for calculating profit/ loss on squaring up.
(d) Initial and additional margin paid, for entering into contracts for Equity Index/ Stock Futures, which are released on final settlement/ squaring-up of underlying contracts, are disclosed under Current Assets.
6. Foreign Exchange Transactions
(a) The expenses and income in foreign exchange transactions are accounted for at the rates prevailing on the date of transactions/ at the forward rate, if booked, for such transaction.
(b) Assets and liabilities held in foreign currencies and accrued income and expenditure in foreign currencies are translated into Indian Rupees at the rates advised by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (FEDAI) prevailing towards the close of the accounting period. Gains/ losses, if any, on valuation of various assets and liabilities are taken to Statement of Profit & Loss.
7. Tangible Fixed Assets and Depreciation
(a) Fixed Assets are carried at cost (including capitalized interest) less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Residual value in respect of Buildings and Vehicles is considered as 5% of the cost and in case of other assets ''âNilâ.
(b) Depreciation is provided on the Straight Line Method (SLM) over the useful life of the assets as prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.
(c) Depreciation on revalue amount of Leasehold Land & Buildings is provided on SLM basis over the remaining useful life of asset. An amount equivalent to the âdepreciation on revalue amountâ provided during the period is withdrawn from the revaluation reserve and credited to the General reserve.
(d) Leasehold land is amortized over the lease period on SLM basis.
(e) Depreciation is calculated on pro-rata basis, including the month of addition and excluding the month of sale/disposal.
(f) Assets having individual value of less than ''5,000/- are charged to statement of Profit and Loss in the year of purchase.
8. Intangible assets and amortization
(a) Intangible assets are recognized at cost of acquisition which includes all expenditure that can be directly attributed or allocated on a reasonable and consistent basis, to create, produce or making the asset ready for its intended use.
(b) Intangible assets include computer software having perpetual license and are amortized on Straight Line Method over the period of six years from the date of capitalization.
9. Impairment of Assets
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets exceeds its recoverable value and impairment loss is charged to the P&L statement in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognised in earlier accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates of recoverable amount.
10. Provisions/ Write off against Loans and Other Credit Facilities
(a) All credit exposures are classified into performing and non-performing assets (NPAs) as per the RBI Guidelines as applicable to Non-Banking Financial Companies. Further, NPAs are classified into sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets based on the criteria stipulated by RBI. Provisions are made on standard, sub-standard and doubtful assets at rates prescribed by RBI. Loss assets and unsecured portion of doubtful assets are fully provided/ written off as per the extant RBI guidelines. Additional provisions are made against specific non-performing assets over and above what is stated above, if in the opinion of the management, increased provisions are necessary.
(b) For restructured/ rescheduled assets, provision is made in accordance with the amended guidelines issued by RBI.
(c) Recovery against debts written off/ provided for is credited to revenue. Income is recognized where amounts are either recovered and/ or adjusted against securities/ properties or advances received there-against or are considered recoverable in terms of RBI Guidelines.
(d) Provision in respect of purchase and sale of NPAs is accounted as per guidelines prescribed by RBI.
11. Borrowing Cost
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use.
All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.
12. Leases
Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to the ownership of an asset vest substantially with the lessor are recognized as operating leases. Lease rent under operating leases are recognized in the Profit & Loss Statement with reference to the lease terms.
13. Issue Expenses
Expenses on issue of Shares and Debentures/ Bonds are charged to Securities Premium Reserve in accordance with Section 52 of Companies Act, 2013.
14. Employee Benefits
(a) Monthly contributions to the Provident Fund being in the nature of defined contribution is charged against revenue. The Provident Fund is administered through duly constituted and approved administrators.
(b) Prior to 01.04.2008, the employees were governed by the provisions of the pension scheme in operation at the time of their retirement and are accordingly entitled to DA relief and family pension as and when due. The contribution made on account of same is charged to revenue as and when due. The Company switched to defined contribution scheme in August 2008 for employees existing on 01.04.2008 and opting for the same. The administration of Pension Fund in respect of the employees has been entrusted by Trustees to Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) by entering into a Group Superannuation Cash Accumulation Scheme.
(c) The Company has a defined benefit employee scheme in the form of Gratuity. The Trustees of the scheme have entrusted the administration of related fund to LIC. Expense for the year is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation of the Companyâs year-end obligation in this regard and the value of year end assets of the scheme. Contribution is deposited with LIC based on intimation received by the Company.
(d) Provision for leave encashment and Leave Fare Concession is being made on actuarial valuation basis.
(e) The Company has a post-retirement medical benefit scheme for employees and their dependants subject to certain limits for hospitalization and normal medical treatment. Provision is being made on actuarial valuation in line with Accounting Standard 15.
15. Employee Stock Option Plan
The Company had formulated Employee Stock Option Schemes (ESOS) in 2011-12 in accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999. The Schemes provided for grant of options to employees (including employees deputed in subsidiaries/ associates/ joint ventures) to acquire equity shares of the Company that vest in a graded manner and that are to be exercised within a specified period. In accordance with the SEBI Guidelines, the excess, if any, of the closing market price on the day prior to the grant of the options under ESOS over the exercise price was amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.
16. Income Tax
Tax Expense comprises of current & deferred tax. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act,1961. Deferred tax resulting from timing differences between book profits and tax profits is accounted for at the current rate of tax or the substantively enacted rate of tax to the extent the timing differences are expected to crystallize, in case of deferred tax liabilities with reasonable certainty and in case of deferred tax assets with reasonable certainty that there would be adequate future taxable income against which deferred tax assets can be realized. However, deferred tax asset arising on account of unabsorbed depreciation and business losses are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that there would be adequate future taxable income against which the same can be realized/set off.
17. Provisions and Contingencies
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a legal and constructive obligation as a result of a past event, for which it is probable that cash outflow will be required and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Contingent liabilities are disclosed when the Company has a possible or present obligation where the probability of occurrence of outflow of resources cannot be ascertained to settle the same. Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed.
18. Cash and Cash equivalent
Cash and cash equivalents include balance with banks in current accounts and term deposits, cash & cheques in hand and money lent on collateralized lending & borrowing obligations transactions.
1.8 Employee Stock Option Scheme
The Company had, during the financial year 2011-12, granted options for 71,96,993 shares under Employees Stock Option Scheme 2011, subject to the vesting conditions mentioned in the Scheme. The Board in its meeting dated November 12, 2013 has withdrawn the scheme, subject to all the regulatory compliances required in this regard and no further vesting under the scheme shall be held. All applicable compliance have since been ensured and the granted options that have not vested under the scheme, have been cancelled.
Mar 31, 2017
ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2017 A. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
1 Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared as per formats prescribed under Schedule-III of the Companies Act, 2013,on accrual basis under historical cost convention, and conform in all material aspects to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India which encompasses applicable accounting standards relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013, the applicable guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for Non-Banking Financial Companies, other statutory provisions and regulatory framework.
2 Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) as of the date of the financial statements and the reported income and expenses during the reporting period. The Management believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could differ from these estimates.
3 Revenue Recognition
(a) Interest and other dues are recognized on accrual basis except in the case of income on Non-Performing Assets (NPA) which is recognized, as and when received, as per the prudential norms prescribed by the RBI for Non-Banking Financial Companies.
(b) Amount received against loans and advances to borrowers are appropriated towards other debits, interest overdue across the due dates and principal overdue across the due dates in that order.
(c) Front-end fees, Premium on pre-payment of loans/ reduction in interest rates and LC Commission are accounted for on cash basis.
(d) Dividends declared by the respective Companies till the close of the accounting period are accounted for as income.
(e) Rental on leased assets is accounted for from the commencement date, as prescribed in the lease agreement entered with the lessees.
(f) The front-end fees/ underwriting commission/ commitment fee received in respect of devolvement of underwriting and direct subscription is reduced from the cost of related investments.
(g) Interim returns by promoter/ promoter group companies at a pre-agreed rate of return, as per buy-back agreements, on certain equity investments are taken to income on receipt basis.
(h) Surplus/ gains on sale of investments is net of losses thereon.
(i) The dividend unclaimed on account of shares sold and outstanding in the books are recognized as income after the end of three years. i.e. the limitation period.
4 Investments
(a) Investments are classified under two categories i.e. current and long term and are valued in accordance with the RBI Guidelines as applicable to Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs).
(i) âLong term Investmentsâ are carried at acquisition cost. The RBI Guidelines prescribe Accounting Standard 13 on âAccounting for Investmentsâ for valuation of long-term investments. Accordingly, provision is made for diminution other than temporary on an individual basis. However, long term investment in equity shares with firm buy-back commitment are assessed for diminution other than temporary only when there is a default in buy-back commitment by the promoter/ promoter group and provision is made accordingly on individual basis.
(ii) âCurrent Investmentsâ are carried at the lower of cost or fair value on an individual basis. However, appreciation if any, within the category, is available for set off,
(b) Security Receipts issued by an Asset Reconstruction Company (ARC)/ Securitization Company (SC) are valued in accordance with RBI guidelines. Accordingly, the net asset value (NAV is considered net of management fee & other expenses) obtained from the ARC is reckoned for valuation of such investments. Appreciation in the value, if any, is ignored and depreciation is provided for.
(c) Bonds in the nature of current investment are valued in accordance with the calculators provided on the FIMMDA platform for the purpose.
5 Derivatives
(a) Equity Index/Stock Futures and Currency Futures are marked to market on daily basis. Debit or Credit Balances disclosed under Current Assets or Current liabilities respectively represent the net amount paid or received on the basis of movement of prices in the Index/ Stock Futures and Currency Futures till the Balance Sheet date. Equity Index/ Stock Options are recognized in the books to the extent of premium paid.
(b) As at the Balance Sheet date, the profit or loss on open positions are accounted for as follows:
The unrealized profit determined Scrip wise/ Index wise, being anticipated profit, is ignored and no credit is taken in the statement of profit and loss.
The unrealized loss determined Scrip wise/Index wise, being anticipated loss, is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
Equity Index/Stock Options are carried at cost where they are used as an instrument for hedging.
(c) On final settlement or squaring-up of contracts for Equity Index/ Stock Futures, the profit or loss is calculated as difference between settlement/ squaring-up price and contract price. Accordingly, debit or credit balance pertaining to the settled/ squared-up contract is recognized as profit or loss upon expiry/squaring-up of the contracts. When more than one contract in respect of the relevant series of Equity Index/ Stock Futures contract to which the squared-up contract pertains is outstanding at the time of the squaring-up of the contract, the contract price of the contract so squared-up is determined using weighted average method for calculating profit/ loss on squaring up.
(d) Initial and additional margin paid over and above initial margin, for entering into contracts for Equity Index/ Stock Futures, which are released on final settlement/ squaring-up of underlying contracts, are disclosed under Current Assets.
6 Foreign Exchange Transactions
(a) The expenses and income in foreign exchange transactions are accounted for at the rates prevailing on the date of transactions/ at the forward rate, if booked, for such transaction.
(b) Assets and liabilities held in foreign currencies and accrued income and expenditure in foreign currencies are translated into Indian Rupees at the rates advised by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (FEDAI) prevailing towards the close of the accounting period. Gains/ losses, if any, on valuation of various assets and liabilities are taken to Statement of Profit & Loss.
7 Tangible Fixed Assets and Depreciation
(a) Fixed Assets are carried at cost (including capitalized interest) less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Residual value in respect of Buildings and Vehicles is considered as 5% of the cost and in case of other assets '' âNilâ.
(b) Depreciation is provided on the Straight Line Method (SLM) over the useful life of the assets as prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.
(c) Depreciation on revalued amount of Leasehold Land & Buildings is provided on SLM basis over the remaining useful life of asset. An amount equivalent to the âdepreciation on revalued amountâ provided during the period is withdrawn from the revaluation reserve and credited to the General reserve.
(d) Leasehold land is amortized over the lease period on SLM basis.
(e) Depreciation is calculated on pro-rata basis, including the month of addition and excluding the month of sale/disposal.
(f) Assets having individual value of less than '' 5,000/- are charged to statement of Profit and Loss in the year of purchase.
8 Intangible assets and amortization
(a) Intangible assets are recognized at cost of acquisition. Cost of acquisition includes all expenditure that can be directly attributed or allocated on a reasonable and consistent basis, to create, produce or making the asset ready for its intended use.
(b) Intangible assets include computer software having perpetual license and are amortized on Straight Line Method over the period of six years from the date of capitalization.
9 Impairment of Assets
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets exceeds its recoverable value and impairment loss is charged to the P&L statement in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in earlier accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates of recoverable amount.
10 Provisions/ Write off against Loans and Other Credit Facilities
(a) All credit exposures are classified into performing and non-performing assets (NPAs) as per the RBI Guidelines as applicable to Non-Banking Financial Companies. Further, NPAs are classified into sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets based on the criteria stipulated by RBI. Provisions are made on standard, sub-standard and doubtful assets at rates prescribed by RBI. Loss assets and unsecured portion of doubtful assets are fully provided/ written off as per the extant RBI guidelines. Additional provisions are made against specific non-performing assets over and above what is stated above, if in the opinion of the management, increased provisions are necessary.
(b) For restructured/ rescheduled assets, provision is made in accordance with the amended guidelines issued by RBI.
(c) Recovery against debts written off/ provided for is credited to revenue. Income is recognized where amounts are either recovered and/ or adjusted against securities/ properties or advances there-against or are considered recoverable in terms of RBI Guidelines.
(d) Provision in respect of purchase and sale of NPAs is accounted as per guidelines prescribed by RBI.
11 Borrowing Cost
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use.
All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.
12 Leases
Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to the ownership of an asset vest substantially with the less or are recognized as operating leases. Lease rent under operating leases are recognized in the Profit & Loss Statement with reference to the lease terms.
13 Miscellaneous Expenditure
Expenses on issue of Shares and Debentures/ Bonds are charged to Securities Premium Reserve in accordance with Section 52 of Companies Act, 2013.
14 Employee Benefits
(a) Monthly contributions to the Provident Fund being in the nature of defined contribution is charged against revenue. The Provident Fund is administered through duly constituted and approved administrators.
(b) Prior to 01/04/2008, the employees were governed by the provisions of the pension scheme in operation at the time of their retirement and are accordingly entitled to DA relief and family pension as and when due. The contribution made on account of same is charged to revenue as and when due. The Company switched to defined contribution scheme for employees existing on 01/04/2008 and opting for the same. The administration of Pension Fund in respect of the employees has been entrusted by Trustees to Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) by entering into a Group Superannuation Cash Accumulation Scheme.
(c) The Company has a defined benefit employee scheme in the form of Gratuity. The Trustees of the scheme have entrusted the administration of related fund to LIC. Expense for the year is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation of the Companyâs year-end obligation in this regard and the value of year end assets of the scheme. Contribution is deposited with LIC based on intimation received by the Company.
(d) Provision for leave encashment and Leave Fare Concession is being made on actuarial valuation basis.
(e) The Company has a post-retirement medical benefit scheme for employees and their dependants subject to certain limits for hospitalization and normal medical treatment. There is change in accounting policy during the financial year 2016-17 and accordingly provision is being made on actuarial valuation in line with Accounting Standard 15.
15 Employee Stock Option Plan
The Company had formulated Employee Stock Option Schemes (ESOS) in 2011-12 in accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999. The Schemes provided for grant of options to employees (including employees deputed in subsidiaries/ associates/ joint ventures) to acquire equity shares of the Company that vest in a graded manner and that are to be exercised within a specified period. In accordance with the SEBI Guidelines, the excess, if any, of the closing market price on the day prior to the grant of the options under ESOS over the exercise price was amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.
16 Income Taxation
Tax Expense comprises of current & deferred tax. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act. Deferred Tax is recognized, subject to consideration of prudence, on timing differences, being difference between taxable income and accounting income/ expenditure that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent year(s). Deferred taxes are reviewed for their carrying values at each balance sheet date.
17 Provisions and Contingencies
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a legal and constructive obligation as a result of a past event, for which it is probable that cash outflow will be required and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Contingent liabilities are disclosed when the Company has a possible or present obligation where the probability of occurrence of outflow of resources cannot be ascertained to settle the same. Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed.
18 Cash and Cash equivalent
Cash and cash equivalents include balance with banks in current accounts and term deposits, cash & cheques in hand and money lent on collateralized lending & borrowing obligations transactions.
1.3 Terms/ rights attached to equity shares:
The Company has only one class of equity share, i.e. equity shares having face value of '' 10/- per share entitled to one vote per share.
1.8 Employee Stock Option Scheme:
The Company had, during the financial year 2011-12, granted options for 71,96,993 shares under Employees Stock Option Scheme 2011, subject to the vesting conditions mentioned in the Scheme. The Board in its meeting dated November 12, 2013 has withdrawn the scheme, subject to all the regulatory compliances required in this regard and no further vesting under the scheme shall be held. All applicable compliance have since been ensured and the granted options that have not vested under the scheme, have been cancelled.
Mar 31, 2016
ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2016 A. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
1. Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis under historical cost convention and conform in all material aspects to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India which encompasses applicable accounting standards relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013, the applicable guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for Non-Banking Financial Companies, other statutory provisions and regulatory framework.
2. Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) as of the date of the financial statements and the reported income and expenses during the reporting period. The Management believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could differ from these estimates.
3. Revenue Recognition
(a) Interest and other dues are recognized on accrual basis except in the case of income on Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) which is recognized, as and when received, as per the prudential norms prescribed by the RBI for Non-Banking Financial Companies.
(b) Front-end fees, Premium on pre-payment of loans/reduction in interest rates and LC Commission are accounted for on cash basis.
(c) Dividends declared by the respective Companies till the close of the accounting period are accounted for as income.
(d) Rental on leased assets is accounted for from the commencement date, as prescribed in the lease agreement entered with the lessees.
(e) The front-end fees/underwriting commission/commitment fee received in respect of devolvement of underwriting and direct subscription is reduced from the cost of related investments.
(f) Interim returns by promoter/promoter group companies at a pre-agreed rate of return, as per buy-back agreements, on certain equity investments are taken to income on receipt basis.
(g) Surplus/gains on sale of investments is net of losses thereon.
4. Investments
(a) Investments are classified under two categories i.e. current and long term and are valued in accordance with the RBI Guidelines as applicable to Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs).
(i) âLong term Investmentsâ are carried at acquisition cost. The RBI Guidelines prescribe Accounting Standard 13 on Accounting for Investmentsâ for valuation of long-term investments. Accordingly, provision is made for diminution other than temporary on an individual basis. However, long term investment in equity shares with firm buy- back commitment are assessed for diminution other than temporary only when there is a default in buy-back commitment by the promoter/promoter group and provision is made accordingly on individual basis.
(ii) âCurrent Investmentsâ are carried at the lower of cost or fair value on an individual basis. However, appreciation if any, within the category, is available for set off.
(b) Security Receipts issued by an Asset Reconstruction Company (ARC)/Securitization Company (SC) are valued in accordance with RBI guidelines. Accordingly, the net asset value (NAV is considered net of management fee & other expenses) obtained from the ARC is reckoned for valuation of such investments. Appreciation in the value, if any, is ignored and depreciation is provided for.
(c) Bonds in the nature of current investment are valued in accordance with the calculators provided on the FIMMDA platform for the purpose.
5. Derivatives
(a) Equity Index/Stock Futures and Currency Futures are marked to market on daily basis. Debit or Credit Balances disclosed under Current Assets or Current liabilities respectively represent the net amount paid or received on the basis of movement of prices in the Index/Stock Futures and Currency Futures till the Balance Sheet date. Equity Index/Stock Options are recognized in the books to the extent of premium paid.
(b) As at the Balance Sheet date, the profit or loss on open positions are accounted for as follows:
The unrealized profit determined Scrip wise/Index wise, being anticipated profit, is ignored and no credit is taken in the statement of profit and loss.
The unrealized loss determined Scrip wise/Index wise, being anticipated loss, is recognized in the statement of profit and loss. Equity Index/Stock Options are carried at cost where they are used as an instrument for hedging.
(c) On final settlement or squaring-up of contracts for Equity Index/Stock Futures, the profit or loss is calculated as difference between settlement/squaring-up price and contract price. Accordingly, debit or credit balance pertaining to the settled/squared-up contract is recognized as profit or loss upon expiry/squaring-up of the contracts. When more than one contract in respect of the relevant series of Equity Index/Stock Futures contract to which the squared-up contract pertains is outstanding at the time of the squaring-up of the contract, the contract price of the contract so squared-up is determined using weighted average method for calculating profit/loss on squaring up.
(d) Initial and additional margin paid over and above initial margin, for entering into contracts for Equity Index/Stock Futures, which are released on final settlement/squaring-up of underlying contracts, are disclosed under Current Assets.
6. Foreign Exchange Transactions
(a) The expenses and income in foreign exchange transactions are accounted for at the rates prevailing on the date of transactions/at the forward rate, if booked, for such transaction.
(b) Assets and liabilities held in foreign currencies and accrued income and expenditure in foreign currencies are translated into Indian Rupees at the rates advised by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (FEDAI) prevailing towards the close of the accounting period. Gains/losses, if any, on valuation of various assets and liabilities are taken to Statement of Profit & Loss.
7. Tangible Fixed Assets and Depreciation
(a) Fixed Assets are carried at cost (including capitalized interest) less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Residual value in respect of Buildings and Vehicles is considered as 5% of the cost and in case of other assets Rs. Nil.
(b) Depreciation is provided on the Straight Line Method (SLM) over the useful life of the assets as prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.
(c) Depreciation on revalued amount of Leasehold Land & Buildings is provided on SLM basis over the remaining useful life of asset. An amount equivalent to the âdepreciation on revalued amountâ. provided during the period is withdrawn from the revaluation reserve and adjusted against the depreciation cost in Profit & Loss A/c.
(d) Leasehold land is amortized over the lease period on SLM basis.
(e) Depreciation is calculated on pro-rata basis, including the month of addition and excluding the month of sale/disposal.
(f) Assets having individual value of less than Rs. 5000/- are charged to statement of Profit and Loss in the year of purchase.
8. Intangible Assets and Amortization
(a) Intangible assets are recognized at cost of acquisition. Cost of acquisition includes all expenditure that can be directly attributed or allocated on a reasonable and consistent basis, to create, produce or making the asset ready for its intended use.
(b) Intangible assets include computer software having perpetual license and are amortized on Straight Line Method over the period of six year from the date of capitalization.
9. Impairment of Assets
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets exceeds its recoverable value and impairment loss is charged to the P&L statement in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognised in earlier accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates of recoverable amount.
10. Provisions/Write off against Loans and Other Credit Facilities
(a) All credit exposures are classified into performing and non-performing assets (NPAs) as per the RBI Guidelines as applicable to Non-Banking Financial Companies. Further, NPAs are classified into sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets based on the criteria stipulated by RBI. Provisions are made on standard, sub-standard and doubtful assets at rates prescribed by RBI. Loss assets and unsecured portion of doubtful assets are fully provided/written off as per the extant RBI guidelines. Additional provisions are made against specific non-performing assets over and above what is stated above, if in the opinion of the management, increased provisions are necessary.
(b) For restructured/rescheduled assets, provision is made in accordance with the amended guidelines issued by RBI.
(c) Recovery against debts written off/provided for is credited to revenue. Income is recognized where amounts are either recovered and/ or adjusted against securities/properties or advances there-against or are considered recoverable in terms of RBI Guidelines.
(d) Provision in respect of purchase and sale of NPAs is accounted as per guidelines prescribed by RBI.
11. Borrowing Cost
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use.
All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.
12. Leases
Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to the ownership of an asset vest substantially with the lessor are recognized as operating leases. Lease rent under operating leases are recognized in the Profit & Loss Statement with reference to the lease terms.
13. Miscellaneous Expenditure
Expenses on issue of Shares and Debentures/Bonds are charged to Securities Premium Reserve in accordance with Section 52 of Companies Act, 2013.
14. Employee Benefits
(a) Monthly contributions to the Provident Fund being in the nature of defined contribution is charged against revenue. The Provident Fund is administered through duly constituted and approved administrators.
(b) Prior to 01.04.2008, the employees were governed by the provisions of the pension scheme in operation at the time of their retirement and are accordingly entitled to DA relief and family pension as and when due. The contribution made on account of same is charged to revenue as and when due. The Company switched to defined contribution scheme for employees existing on 01.04.2008 and opting for the same. The administration of Pension Fund in respect of the employees has been entrusted by Trustees to Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) by entering into a Group Superannuation Cash Accumulation Scheme.
(c) The Company has a defined benefit employee scheme in the form of Gratuity. The Trustees of the scheme have entrusted the administration of related fund to LIC. Expense for the year is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation of the Companyâs year-end obligation in this regard and the value of year end assets of the scheme. Contribution is deposited with LIC based on intimation received by the Company.
(d) Provision for leave encashment is being made on actuarial valuation basis.
(e) The Company has a post-retirement medical benefit scheme for employees and their dependants subject to certain limits for hospitalization and normal medical treatment. The amount is charged to the Staff Welfare Fund as and when incurred.
15. Employee Stock Option Plan
The Company had formulated Employee Stock Option Schemes (ESOS) in 2011-12 in accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999. The Schemes provided for grant of options to employees (including employees deputed in subsidiaries/associates/joint ventures) to acquire equity shares of the Company that vest in a graded manner and that are to be exercised within a specified period. In accordance with the SEBI Guidelines, the excess, if any, of the closing market price on the day prior to the grant of the options under ESOS over the exercise price was amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.
16. Income Taxation
Tax Expense comprises of current & deferred tax. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act. Deferred Tax is recognized, subject to consideration of prudence, on timing differences, being difference between taxable income and accounting income/expenditure that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent year(s). Deferred taxes are reviewed for their carrying values at each balance sheet date.
17. Provisions and Contingencies
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a legal and constructive obligation as a result of a past event, for which it is probable that cash outflow will be required and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Contingent liabilities are disclosed when the Company has a possible or present obligation where the probability of occurrence of outflow of resources cannot be ascertained to settle the same. Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed.
18. Cash and Cash equivalent
Cash and cash equivalents include balance with banks in current accounts and term deposits, cash & cheques in hand and money lent on collateralized lending & borrowing obligations transactions
Mar 31, 2015
1. Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on accural
basis under historical cost convention, and conform in all material
aspects to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India which
encompasses applicable accounting standards relevant provisions of the
Companies Act, 2013, the applicable guidelines issued by the Reserve
Bank of India (RBI) for Non-Banking Financial Companies, other
statutory provisions and regulatory framework.
2. Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires the Management to make
estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) as of the date of
the financial statements and the reported income and expenses during
the reporting period. The Management believes that the estimates used
in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable.
Future results could differ from these estimates.
3. Revenue Recognition
(a) Interest and other dues are recognized on accrual basis except in
the case of income on Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) which is recognized,
as and when received, as per the prudential norms prescribed by the RBI
for Non-Banking Financial Companies.
(b) Front-end fees, Premium on pre-payment of loans/reduction in
interest rates and LC Commission are accounted for on cash basis.
(c) Dividends declared by the respective Companies till the close of
the accounting period are accounted for as income.
(d) Rental on leased assets is accounted for from the commencement
date, as prescribed in the lease agreement entered with the lessees.
(e) The front-end fees/underwriting commission/commitment fee received
in respect of devolvement of underwriting and direct subscription is
reduced from the cost of related investments.
(f) Interim returns by promoter/promoter group companies at a
pre-agreed rate of return, as per buy-back agreements, on certain
equity investments are taken to income on receipt basis.
(g) Surplus/gains on sale of investments is net of losses thereon.
4. Investments
(a) Investments are classified under two categories i.e. current and
long term and are valued in accordance with the RBI Guidelines as
applicable to Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs).
(i) ''Long term Investments'' are carried at acquisition cost. The RBI
Guidelines prescribe Accounting Standard 13 on Accounting for
Investments'' for valuation of long-term investments. Accordingly,
provision is made for diminution other than temporary on an individual
basis. However, long term investment in equity shares with firm buy-
back commitment are assessed for diminution other than temporary only
when there is a default in buy-back commitment by the promoter/promoter
group and provision is made accordingly on individual basis.
(ii) ''Current Investments'' are carried at the lower of cost or fair
value on an individual basis. However, appreciation if any, within the
category, is available for set off.
(b) Security Receipts issued by an Asset Reconstruction Company
(ARC)/Securitization Company (SC) are valued in accordance with RBI
guidelines. Accordingly, the net asset value (NAV is considered net of
management fee & other expenses) obtained from the ARC is reckoned for
valuation of such investments. Appreciation in the value, if any, is
ignored and depreciation is provided for.
(c) Bonds in the nature of current investment are valued in accordance
with the calculators provided on the FIMMDA platform for the purpose.
5. Derivatives
(a) Equity Index/Stock Futures and Currency Futures are marked to
market on daily basis. Debit or Credit Balances disclosed under Current
Assets or Current liabilities respectively represent the net amount
paid or received on the basis of movement of prices in the Index/Stock
Futures and Currency Futures till the Balance Sheet date. Equity
Index/Stock Options are recognized in the books to the extent of
premium paid.
(b) As at the Balance Sheet date, the profit or loss on open positions
are accounted for as follows:
The unrealized profit determined Scrip wise/Index wise, being
anticipated profit, is ignored and no credit is taken in the statement
of profit and loss.
The unrealized loss determined Scrip wise/Index wise, being anticipated
loss, is recognized in the statement of profit and loss. Equity
Index/Stock Options are carried at cost where they are used as an
instrument for hedging.
(c) On final settlement or squaring-up of contracts for Equity
Index/Stock Futures, the profit or loss is calculated as difference
between settlement/squaring-up price and contract price. Accordingly,
debit or credit balance pertaining to the settled/squared-up contract
is recognized as profit or loss upon expiry/squaring-up of the
contracts. When more than one contract in respect of the relevant
series of Equity Index/Stock Futures contract to which the squared-up
contract pertains is outstanding at the time of the squaring-up of the
contract, the contract price of the contract so squared-up is
determined using weighted average method for calculating profit/loss on
squaring up.
(d) Initial and additional margin paid over and above initial margin,
for entering into contracts for Equity Index/Stock Futures, which are
released on final settlement/squaring-up of underlying contracts, are
disclosed under Current Assets.
6. Foreign Exchange Transactions
(a) The expenses and income in foreign exchange transactions are
accounted for at the rates prevailing on the date of transactions/at
the forward rate, if booked, for such transaction.
(b) Assets and liabilities held in foreign currencies and accrued
income and expenditure in foreign currencies are translated into Indian
Rupees at the rates advised by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of
India (FEDAI) prevailing towards the close of the accounting period.
Gains/losses, if any, on valuation of various assets and liabilities
are taken to Statement of Profit & Loss.
7. Tangible Fixed Assets and Depreciation
(a) Fixed Assets are carried at cost (including capitalized interest)
less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Residual
value in respect of Buildings and Vehicles is considered as 5% of the
cost and in case of other assets Rs. ''Nil''.
(b) Depreciation is provided on the Straight Line Method (SLM) over the
useful life of the assets as prescribed under Schedule II to the
Companies Act, 2013. The ''Written Down Value'' (WDV) of the fixed assets
having remaining useful life as on March 31, 2015 is being depreciated
over such remaining useful life on SLM basis.
(c) Depreciation on revalued amount of Leasehold Land & Buildings is
provided on SLM basis over the remaining useful life of asset as on
March 31, 2015. An amount equivalent to the ''depreciation on revalued
amount'' provided during the period is withdrawn from the revaluation
reserve and adjusted against the depreciation cost in Profit & Loss
A/c.
(d) Leasehold land is amortized over the lease period on SLM basis.
8. Intangible Assets and Amortization
Intangible assets are recognized at cost of acquisition. Cost of
acquisition includes all expenditure that can be directly attributed or
allocated on a reasonable and consistent basis, to create, produce or
making the asset ready for its intended use.
Intangible assets include computer software having perpetual license
and are amortized on Straight Line Method over the period of six year
from the date of capitalization.
9. Impairment of Assets
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets
exceeds its recoverable value and impairment loss is charged to the P&L
statement in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The
impairment loss recognised in earlier accounting period is reversed if
there has been a change in the estimates of recoverable amount.
10. Provisions/Write off against Loans and Other Credit Facilities
(a) All credit exposures are classified into performing and
non-performing assets (NPAs) as per the RBI Guidelines as applicable to
Non- Banking Financial Companies. Further, NPAs are classified into
sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets based on the criteria stipulated
by RBI. Provisions are made on standard, sub-standard and doubtful
assets at rates prescribed by RBI. Loss assets and unsecured portion of
doubtful assets are fully provided/written off as per the extant RBI
guidelines. Additional provisions are made against specific
non-performing assets over and above what is stated above, if in the
opinion of the management, increased provisions are necessary.
(b) For restructured/rescheduled assets, provision is made in
accordance with the amended guidelines issued by RBI.
(c) Recovery against debts written off/provided for is credited to
revenue. Income is recognized where amounts are either recovered and/
or adjusted against securities/properties or advances there-against or
are considered recoverable in terms of RBI Guidelines.
(d) Provision in respect of purchase and sale of NPAs is accounted as
per guidelines prescribed by RBI.
11. Borrowing Cost
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or
construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost
of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a
substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use.
All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.
12. Leases
Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to the
ownership of an asset vest substantially with the lessor are recognized
as operating leases. Lease rent under operating leases are recognized
in the Profit & Loss Statement with reference to the lease terms.
13. Miscellaneous Expenditure
Expenses on issue of Shares and Debentures/Bonds are charged to
Securities Premium Reserve in accordance with Section 52 of Companies
Act, 2013.
14. Employee Benefits
(a) Monthly contributions to the Provident Fund being in the nature of
defined contribution is charged against revenue. The Provident Fund is
administered through duly constituted and approved administrators.
(b) Prior to 01.04.2008, the employees were governed by the provisions
of the pension scheme in operation at the time of their retirement and
are accordingly entitled to DA relief and family pension as and when
due. The contribution made on account of same is charged to revenue as
and when due. The Company switched to defined contribution scheme for
employees existing on 01.04.2008 and opting for the same. The
administration of Pension Fund in respect of the employees has been
entrusted by Trustees to Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) by
entering into a Group Superannuation Cash Accumulation Scheme.
(c) The Company has a defined benefit employee scheme in the form of
Gratuity. The Trustees of the scheme have entrusted the administration
of related fund to LIC. Expense for the year is determined on the basis
of actuarial valuation of the Company''s year- end obligation in this
regard and the value of year end assets of the scheme. Contribution is
deposited with LIC based on intimation received by the Company.
(d) Provision for leave encashment is being made on actuarial valuation
basis.
(e) The Company has a post-retirement medical benefit scheme for
employees and their dependants subject to certain limits for
hospitalization and normal medical treatment. The amount is charged to
the Staff Welfare Fund as and when incurred.
15. Employee Stock Option Plan
The Company had formulated Employee Stock Option Schemes (ESOS) in
2011-12 in accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and
Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999. The Schemes provided
for grant of options to employees (including employees deputed in
subsidiaries/associates/joint ventures) to acquire equity shares of the
Company that vest in a graded manner and that are to be exercised
within a specified period. In accordance with the SEBI Guidelines, the
excess, if any, of the closing market price on the day prior to the
grant of the options under ESOS over the exercise price was amortized
on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.
16. Income Taxation
Tax Expense comprises of current & deferred tax. Current tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income Tax Act. Deferred Tax is recognized, subject
to consideration of prudence, on timing differences, being difference
between taxable income and accounting income/expenditure that originate
in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent
year(s). Deferred taxes are reviewed for their carrying values at each
balance sheet date.
17. Provisions and Contingencies
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a legal and constructive
obligation as a result of a past event, for which it is probable that
cash outflow will be required and a reliable estimate can be made of
the amount of the obligation. Contingent liabilities are disclosed when
the Company has a possible or present obligation where the probability
of occurrence of outflow of resources cannot be ascertained to settle
the same. Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed.
18. Cash and Cash equivalent
Cash and cash equivalents include balance with banks in current
accounts and term deposits, cash & cheques in hand and money lent on
collateralized lending & borrowing obligations transactions.
Mar 31, 2014
1. Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a
historical cost convention, and conform in all material aspects to the
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India which encompasses
applicable accounting standards notified by the Companies (Accounting
Standards) Rules, 2006, relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956
the applicable guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for
Non-Banking Financial Companies, other statutory provisions and
regulatory framework. The Company adopts the accrual concept in the
preparation of accounts. The preparation of financial statements
requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions considered in
the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent
liabilities) as of the date of the financial statements and the
reported income and expenses during the reporting period. The
Management believes that the estimates used in preparation of the
financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could
differ from these estimates.
2. Revenue Recognition
(a) Interest and other dues are recognized on accrual basis except in
the case of income on Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) which is recognized,
as and when received, as per the prudential norms prescribed by the RBI
for Non-Banking Financial Companies.
(b) Front-end fees, Premium on pre-payment of loans/reduction in
interest rates and LC Commission are accounted for on cash basis.
(c) Dividends declared by the respective Companies till the close of
the accounting period are accounted for as income.
(d) Rental on leased assets is accounted for from the commencement
date, as prescribed in the lease agreement entered with the lessees.
(e) The front-end fees/underwriting commission/commitment fee received
in respect of devolvement of underwriting and direct subscription is
reduced from the cost of related investments.
(f) Interim returns by promoter/promoter group companies at a
pre-agreed rate of return, as per buy-back agreements, on certain
equity investments are taken to income on receipt basis.
(g) Surplus/gains on sale of investments is net of losses thereon.
3. Investments
(a) Investments are classified under two categories i.e. current and
long term and are valued in accordance with the RBI Guidelines as
applicable to Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs).
(i) ''Long term Investments'' are carried at acquisition cost. The RBI
Guidelines prescribe Accounting Standard 13 on ''Accounting for
Investments'' for valuation of long-term investments. Accordingly,
provision is made for diminution other than temporary on an individual
basis. However, long term investment in equity shares with firm buy-
back commitment are assessed for diminution other than temporary only
when there is a default in buy-back commitment by the promoter/promoter
group and provision is made accordingly on individual basis.
(ii) ''Current Investments'' are carried at the lower of cost or fair
value on an individual basis. However, appreciation if any, within the
category, is available for set off.
(b) Security Receipts issued by an Asset Reconstruction Company
(ARC)/Securitisation Company (SC) are valued in accordance with RBI
guidelines. Accordingly, the net asset value obtained from the ARC is
reckoned for valuation of such investments. Appreciation in the value,
if any, is ignored and depreciation is provided for.
(c) Bonds in the nature of current investment are valued in accordance
with the calculators provided on the FIMMDA platform for the purpose.
4. Derivatives
(a) Equity Index/Stock Futures and Currency Futures are marked to
market on daily basis. Debit or Credit Balances disclosed under Current
Assets or Current liabilities respectively represent the net amount
paid or received on the basis of movement of prices in the Index/ Stock
Futures and Currency Futures till the Balance Sheet date. Equity
Index/Stock Options are recognized in the books to the extent of
premium paid.
(b) As at the Balance Sheet date, the profit or loss on open positions
are accounted for as follows:
 The unrealized profit determined Scrip wise/Index wise, being
anticipated profit, is ignored and no credit is taken in the statement
of profit and loss. Â The unrealized loss determined Scrip wise/Index
wise, being anticipated loss, is recognized in the statement of profit
and loss. Â Equity Index/Stock Options are carried at cost where they
are used as an instrument for hedging.
(c) On final settlement or squaring-up of contracts for Equity
Index/Stock Futures, the profit or loss is calculated as difference
between settlement/ squaring-up price and contract price. Accordingly,
debit or credit balance pertaining to the settled/ squared-up contract
is recognized as profit or loss upon expiry/squaring-up of the
contracts. When more than one contract in respect of the relevant
series of Equity Index/Stock Futures contract to which the squared-up
contract pertains is outstanding at the time of the squaring-up of the
contract, the contract price of the contract so squared-up is
determined using weighted average method for calculating profit/ loss
on squaring up.
(d) Initial and additional margin paid over and above initial margin,
for entering into contracts for Equity Index/Stock Futures, which are
released on final settlement/squaring-up of underlying contracts, are
disclosed under Current Assets.
5. Foreign Exchange Transactions
(a) The expenses and income in foreign exchange transactions are
accounted for at the rates prevailing on the date of transactions/at
the forward rate, if booked, for such transaction.
(b) Assets and liabilities held in foreign currencies and accrued
income and expenditure in foreign currencies are translated into Indian
Rupees at the rates advised by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of
India (FEDAI) prevailing towards the close of the accounting period.
Gains/losses, if any, on valuation of various assets and liabilities
are taken to Statement of Profit & Loss.
6. Tangible Fixed Assets and Depreciation
(a) Fixed Assets are carried at cost (including capitalized interest)
less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any.
(b) Depreciation on assets given on lease is provided on Straight Line
Method (SLM) over the useful life of the asset as prescribed under
Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 or over the primary period of
lease of assets, whichever is higher.
(c) Leasehold Land is amortized over the lease period.
(d) Depreciation on increase in the value of Leasehold Land & Building
due to revaluation is provided on straight-line basis over the balance
useful life of asset. An equal amount is withdrawn from the revaluation
reserve and adjusted against the depreciation on revalued value of
assets.
(e) Leasehold Improvements are amortized over the remaining lease
period.
(f) Mobile phones are fully depreciated in the year of acquisition
itself.
(g) Depreciation on all other assets is provided on the Written Down
Value (WDV) method at the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV to the
Companies Act, 1956 except in respect of Office Building and Plant &
Machinery at Corporate Office which is provided on SLM.
(h) Depreciation is calculated on a pro-rata basis, including the month
of addition and excluding the month of sale/disposal. Assets having
individual value of less than Rs. 5,000/- are charged to the Statement of
Profit & Loss in the year of purchase.
7. Intangible Assets and Amortization
Intangible assets are recorded at the consideration paid for
acquisition. Consideration includes all expenditure that can be
directly attributed or allocated on a reasonable and consistent basis,
to create, produce or making the asset ready for its intended use.
Intangible assets include computer software having perpetual license
and are amortized @40% per annum on Written Down Value (WDV) method
under Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.
8. Impairment of Assets
Impairment loss is provided to the extent the carrying amount of assets
exceeds their recoverable amounts. Recoverable amount is the higher of
an asset''s net selling price and its value in use. Value in use is the
present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the
continuing use of the asset and from its disposal at the end of its
useful life. Net selling price is the amount obtainable from sale of
the asset in an arm''s length transaction between knowledgeable, willing
parties, less the costs of disposal. If at the balance sheet date,
there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no
longer exists, then such loss is reversed and the asset is restated to
the extent of the carrying value of the asset that would have been
determined (net of amortization/depreciation), had no impairment loss
been recognized.
9. Provisions/Write off against Loans and Other Credit Facilities
(a) All credit exposures are classified into performing and
non-performing assets (NPAs) as per the RBI Guidelines as applicable to
Non- Banking Financial Companies. Further, NPAs are classified into
sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets based on the criteria stipulated
by RBI. Provisions are made on standard, sub-standard and doubtful
assets at rates prescribed by RBI. Loss assets and unsecured portion of
doubtful assets are provided/written off as per the extant RBI
guidelines. Additional provisions are made against specific
non-performing assets over and above what is stated above, if in the
opinion of the management, increased provisions are necessary.
(b) For restructured/rescheduled assets, provision is made in
accordance with the amended guidelines issued by RBI.
(c) Recovery against debts written off/provided for is credited to
revenue. Income is recognized where amounts are either recovered and/
or adjusted against securities/properties or advances there-against or
are considered recoverable in terms of RBI Guidelines.
(d) Provision in respect of purchase and sale of NPAs is accounted as
per guidelines prescribed by RBI.
10. Grants received from Government of India Under Interest
Differential Fund (IDF)
Grants received from Government of India under Interest Differential
Fund (IDF) is of a capital nature and to be utilized for specified
purposes for promotional activities of Industrial Development.
Accordingly, the money so received, is shown under ''Reserves and
Surplus'' in the Balance Sheet. The amounts invested and loans made out
of the fund for approved purposes are shown under ''Investments'' and
''Loans'' respectively.
11. Borrowing Cost
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or
construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost
of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a
substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All
other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.
12. Leases
Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to the
ownership of an asset vest substantially with the lessor are recognized
as operating leases. Lease rent under operating leases are recognized
in the Profit & Loss Statement with reference to the lease terms.
13. Miscellaneous Expenditure
Expenses on issue of Shares and Debentures/Bonds are charged to
Securities Premium Reserve in accordance with Section 78 of Companies
Act, 1956.
14. Employee Benefits
(a) Monthly contributions to the Provident Fund being in the nature of
defined contribution is charged against revenue. The Provident Fund is
administered through duly constituted and approved administrators.
(b) Prior to 01.04.2008, the employees were governed by the provisions
of the pension scheme in operation at the time of their retirement and
are accordingly entitled to DA relief and family pension as and when
due. The contribution made on account of same is charged to revenue as
and when due. The Company switched to defined contribution scheme for
employees existing on 01.04.2008 and opting for the same. The
administration of Pension Fund in respect of the employees has been
entrusted by Trustees to Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) by
entering into a Group Superannuation Cash Accumulation Scheme.
(c) The Company has a defined benefit employees scheme in the form of
Gratuity. The Trustees of the scheme have entrusted the administration
of related fund to LIC. Expense for the year is determined on the basis
of actuarial valuation of the Company''s year-end obligation in this
regard and the value of year end assets of the scheme. Contribution is
deposited with LIC based on intimation received by the Company.
(d) Provision for leave encashment is being made on actuarial valuation
basis.
(e) The Company has a post retirement medical benefit scheme for
employees and their dependants subject to certain limits for
hospitalization and normal medical treatment. The amount is charged to
the Staff Welfare Fund as and when incurred.
15. Employee Stock Option Plan
The Company had formulated Employee Stock Option Schemes (ESOS) in
2011-12 in accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and
Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999. The Schemes provided
for grant of options to employees (including employees deputed in
subsidiaries/associates/joint ventures) to acquire equity shares of the
Company that vest in a graded manner and that are to be exercised
within a specified period. In accordance with the SEBI Guidelines, the
excess, if any, of the closing market price on the day prior to the
grant of the options under ESOS over the exercise price was amortised
on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.
16. Taxation
Tax Expense comprises of current & deferred income tax. Current income
tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax
authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act. Deferred Ta x is
recognized, subject to consideration of prudence, on timing
differences, being difference between taxable income and accounting
income/expenditure that originate in one period and are capable of
reversal in one or more subsequent year(s). Deferred taxes are reviewed
for their carrying values at each balance sheet date.
17. Provisions and Contingencies
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a legal and constructive
obligation as a result of a past event, for which it is probable that
cash outflow will be required and a reliable estimate can be made of
the amount of the obligation. Contingent liabilities are disclosed when
the Company has a possible or present obligation where the probability
of occurrence of outflow of resources cannot be ascertained to settle
the same. Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed.
1.5 Employees Stock Option Scheme
The Company had, during the financial year 2011-12, granted options for
71,96,993 shares under Employees Stock Option Scheme 2011, subject to
the vesting conditions mentioned in the Scheme. During the current
year, the Board in its meeting dated November 12, 2013 has withdrawn
the scheme, subject to all the regulatory compliances required in this
regard and no further vesting under the scheme shall be held. Pending
such compliances, the granted options that have not vested under the
scheme, have not been cancelled.
Mar 31, 2011
1. BASIS OF PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on historical
basis and conform in all material aspects to Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles in India which encompasses applicable statutory
provisions, regulatory framework and Accounting Standards. The Company
adopts the accrual concept in the preparation of accounts. The
preparation of financial statements requires the Management to make
estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) as of the date of
the financial statements and the reported income and expenses during
the reporting period. The Management believes that the estimates used
in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable.
Future results could differ from these estimates.
2. REVENUE RECOGNITION
2(a) Income on Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) is recognized, as and when
received.
2(b) Front-end fee, Premium on pre-payment of loans/reduction in
interest rates and LC Commission are accounted for on realization
basis.
2(c) Dividends declared by the respective companies till the close of
the accounting period are accounted for as income, once the right to
receive is established.
2(d) Rental on leased assets is accounted for from the commencement
date, as prescribed in the lease agreement entered with the lessees. In
respect of lease transactions commenced on/or before 31.03.2001, income
from leases (except in case of Non-Performing Assets) is recognized on
the basis of implicit rate in the lease to the net investment
outstanding on the lease over the primary lease period.
2(e) The front-end fee/underwriting commission/commitment fee received
in respect of devolvement of underwriting and direct subscription is
reduced from the cost of related investments.
2(f) Surplus on sale of investments is net of losses thereon.
3. INVESTMENTS
3(a) Investments are classified under current and long term categories
and valued in accordance with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
Guidelines as applicable to Non- Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs)
and Accounting Standard-13 on 'Accounting for Investments' issued by
The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI).
(i) 'Long term Investments' are carried at acquisition cost. A
provision is made for diminution other than temporary on an individual
basis.
(ii) 'Current Investments' are carried at the lower of cost or fair
value on an individual basis. However, appreciation if any, within the
category, is available for set off.
3(b) Security Receipts issued by an Asset Reconstruction Company (ARC)/
Securitisation Company (SC) are valued in accordance with RBI
guidelines. Accordingly, the net asset value obtained from the ARC is
reckoned for valuation of such investments. Appreciation in the value,
if any, is ignored and depreciation is provided for.
4. DERIVATIVES
4(a) Equity Index/Stock Futures are marked to market on daily basis.
Debit or Credit Balances disclosed under Current Assets or Current
liabilities respectively represent the net amount paid or received on
the basis of movement of prices in the Index Stock Futures till the
Balance Sheet date. Equity Index/Stock Options are recognized in the
books to the extent of premium paid.
4(b) As at the Balance Sheet date, the profit or loss on open positions
are accounted for as follows:
- The unrealized profit determined Scrip wise/Index wise, being
anticipated profit, is ignored and no credit is taken in the profit and
loss account.
- The unrealized loss determined Scrip wise/Index wise, being
anticipated loss, is recognized in the profit and loss account.
- Equity Index/Stock Options are carried at cost where they are used as
an instrument for hedging.
4(c) On final settlement or squaring-up of contracts for Equity
Index/Stock Futures, the profit or loss is calculated as difference
between settlement/squaring-up price and contract price. Accordingly,
debit or credit balance pertaining to the settled/ squared-up contract
is recognized as profit or loss upon expiry/squaring-up of the
contracts. When more than one contract in respect of the relevant
series of Equity Index/Stock Futures contract to which the squared-up
contract pertains is outstanding at the time of the squaring-up of the
contract, the contract price of the contract so squared-up is
determined using weighted average method for calculating profit/loss on
squaring up.
4(d) Initial and additional margin paid over and above initial margin,
for entering into contracts for Equity Index/Stock Futures, which are
released on final settlement/ squaring-up of underlying contracts, are
disclosed under Current Assets.
5. FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS
5(a) The expenses and income in foreign exchange transactions are
accounted for at the rates prevailing on the date of transactions/at
the forward rate, if booked, for such transaction.
5(b) Assets and liabilities held in foreign currencies and accrued
income and expenditure in foreign currencies are translated into Indian
Rupees at the rates advised by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of
India (FEDAI) prevailing towards the close of the accounting period.
Gains/losses, if any, on valuation of various assets and liabilities
are taken to Profit & Loss Account.
6. FIXED ASSETS AND DEPRECIATION
6(a) Fixed Assets are carried at cost (including capitalized interest)
less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Accumulated
depreciation on assets in respect of lease transactions commenced on or
before 31.03.2001 is adjusted for the balance in the 'Accumulated Lease
Equalization Account'.
6(b) Depreciation on assets given on lease is provided on Straight Line
Method (SLM) at the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV to the
Companies Act, 1956 or over the primary period of lease of assets,
whichever is higher.
6(c) Depreciation in respect of Office Building and Plant & Machinery
at Corporate Office is provided on SLM and on all other assets on the
Written Down Value (WDV) method at the rates prescribed under Schedule
XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Assets having individual value of less
than Rs. 5000/- are charged to the Profit & Loss Account in the year of
purchase.
6(d) Leasehold land is amortized over the lease period.
6(e) Depreciation on increase in value of Leasehold Land & Building due
to revaluation is provided on straight-line basis over the balance
useful life of asset and adjusted out of revaluation reserve.
6(f) Mobile phones are fully depreciated in the year of acquisition
itself.
6(g) Art works capitalized under Furniture and Fixtures are not being
depreciated.
7. IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS
Impairment loss is provided to the extent the carrying amount of assets
exceeds their recoverable amounts. Recoverable amount is the higher of
an asset's net selling price and its value in use. Value in use is the
present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the
continuing use of the asset and from its disposal at the end of its
useful life. Net selling price is the amount obtainable from sale of
the asset in an arm's length transaction between knowledgeable, willing
parties, less the costs of disposal. If at the balance sheet date there
is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer
exits, then such loss is reversed and the asset is restated to the
extent of the carrying value of the asset that would have been
determined (net of amortization/depreciation), had no impairment loss
been recognized.
8. PROVISIONS/WRITE OFF AGAINST LOANS AND OTHER CREDIT FACILITIES
8(a) All credit exposures are classified into performing and
non-performing assets (NPAs) as per the RBI Guidelines. Further, NPAs
are classified into sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets based on the
criteria stipulated by RBI. Provisions are made on standard,
sub-standard and doubtful assets at rates prescribed by RBI. Loss
assets and unsecured portion of doubtful assets are provided/written
off as per the extant RBI guidelines. Additional provisions are made
against specific non-performing assets over and above what is stated
above, if in the opinion of the management, increased provisions are
necessary.
8(b) For restructured/rescheduled assets, provision is made in
accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI.
8(c) Recovery against debts written off/provided for is credited to
revenue. Income is recognized where amounts are either recovered and/
or adjusted against securities/ properties or advances there-against or
are considered recoverable in terms of RBI Guidelines.
8(d) Provision in respect of purchase and sale of NPAs is accounted as
per guidelines prescribed by RBI.
9. GRANTS RECEIVED FROM GOVERNMENT OF INDIA UNDER INTEREST
DIFFERENTIAL FUND (IDF)
Grants received from Government of India under Interest Differential
Fund (IDF) is of a capital nature and to be utilized for specified
purposes for promotional activities of Industrial Development.
Accordingly, the money so received, net of expenditure for the approved
purposes is shown under 'Reserves and Surplus' in the Balance Sheet.
The amounts invested and loans made out of the fund for approved
purposes are shown under 'Investments' and 'Loans' respectively.
10. BORROWING COST
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or
construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost
of such assets.
A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs
are charged to revenue.
11. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENDITURE
11(a) Expenses on issue of Shares and Bonds are charged as per
guidelines contained in Accounting Standard 26 - "Intangible Assets".
11(b) Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) expenses are charged off as and
when incurred.
12. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
12(a) Monthly contributions to the Retirement Funds viz. Provident Fund
and Pension Fund being in the nature of defined contribution is charged
against revenue. The Provident Fund is administered through duly
constituted and approved administrators. The administration of Pension
Fund in respect of existing employees opting for the same has been
entrusted by Trustees to Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) by
entering into a Group Superannuation Cash Accumulation Scheme. The
existing pension optees, however, continue to be governed by the
provisions of the scheme in operation at the time of their retirement
and are accordingly entitled to DA relief and family pension as and
when due. The contribution made on account of same is charged to
Accounts as and when due.
12(b) The Company has a defined benefit employees scheme in the form of
Gratuity. The Trustees of the scheme have entrusted the administration
of related fund to LIC. Expense for the year is determined on the basis
of actuarial valuation of the Company's year-end obligation in this
regard and the value of year end assets of the scheme. Contribution is
deposited with LIC based on intimation received by the Company.
12(c) The Company has a post retirement medical benefit scheme for
employees and their dependants subject to certain limits for
hospitalization and normal medical treatment. The same is charged
against revenue as and when incurred.
13. TAXATION
Tax Expense comprises of current & deferred income tax. Current income
tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax
authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act. Deferred Tax is
recognized, subject to consideration of prudence, on timing
differences, being difference between taxable income and accounting
income/ expenditure that originate in one period and are capable of
reversal in one or more subsequent year(s). Deferred taxes are reviewed
for their carrying values at each balance sheet date.
14. PROVISIONS AND CONTINGENCIES
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a legal and constructive
obligation as a result of a past event, for which it is probable that
cash outflow will be required and a reliable estimate can be made of
the amount of the obligation. Contingent liabilities are disclosed when
the Company has a possible or present obligation where it is not
probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle it.
Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed.
Mar 31, 2010
1. BASIS OF PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on historical
basis and conform in all material aspects to Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles in India which encompasses applicable statutory
provisions, regulatory framework and Accounting Standards. The Company
adopts the accrual concept in the preparation of accounts. The
preparation of financial statements requires the Management to make
estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) as of the date of
the financial statements and the reported income and expenses during
the reporting period. The Management believes that the estimates used
in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable.
Future results could differ from these estimates.
2. REVENUE RECOGNITION
2(a) Income on Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) is recognized, as and when
received.
2(b) Front-end fee, Premium on pre-payment of loans/reduction in
interest rates and LC Commission are accounted for on realization
basis.
2(c) Dividends declared by the respective companies till the close of
the accounting period are accounted for as income, once the right to
receive is established.
2(d) Rental on leased assets is accounted for from the commencement
date, as prescribed in the lease agreement entered with the lessees. In
respect of lease transactions commenced on/or before 31.03.2001, income
from leases (except in case of Non-Performing Assets) is recognised on
the basis of implicit rate in the lease to the net investment
outstanding on the lease over the primary lease period.
2(e) The front-end fee/underwriting commission/commitment fee received
in respect of devolvement of underwriting and direct subscription is
reduced from the cost of related investments.
2(f) Surplus on sale of investments is net of losses thereon.
3. INVESTMENTS
3(a) Investments are classified under current and long term categories
and valued in accordance with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
Guidelines as applicable to Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) and
Accounting Standard 13 on ÃAccounting for Investments issued by The
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI).
(i) Long term Investments are carried at acquisition cost. A provision
is made for diminution other than temporary on an individual basis.
(ii) Current Investments are carried at the lower of cost or fair
value on an individual basis. However, appreciation if any, within the
category, is available for set off.
3(b) Security Receipts issued by an Asset Reconstruction Company (ARC)/
Securitisation Company (SC) are valued in accordance with RBI
guidelines. Accordingly, the net asset value obtained from the ARC is
reckoned for valuation of such investments. Appreciation in the value,
if any, is ignored and depreciation is provided for.
4. DERIVATIVES
4(a) Equity Index/Stock Futures are marked to market on daily basis.
Debit or Credit Balances disclosed under Current Assets or Current
Liabilities respectively represent the net amount paid or received on
the basis of movement of prices in the Index Stock Futures till the
Balance Sheet date. Equity Index/Stock Options are recognized in the
books to the extent of premium paid.
4(b) As at the Balance Sheet date, the profit or loss on open positions
are accounted for as follows:
- The unrealized profit determined Scrip wise/Index wise, being
anticipated profit, is ignored and no credit is taken in the profit and
loss account.
- The unrealized loss determined Scrip wise/Index wise, being
anticipated loss, is recognized in the profit and loss account.
- Equity Index/Stock Options are carried at cost where they are used as
an instrument for hedging.
4(c) On final settlement or squaring-up of contracts for Equity
Index/Stock Futures, the profit or loss is calculated as difference
between settlement/squaring-up price and contract price. Accordingly,
debit or credit balance pertaining to the settled/ squared-up contract
is recognized as profit or loss upon expiry/squaring-up of the
contracts. When more than one contract in respect of the relevant
series of Equity Index/Stock Futures contract to which the squared-up
contract pertains is outstanding at the time of the squaring-up of the
contract, the contract price of the contract so squared-up is
determined using weighted average method for calculating profit/loss on
squaring up.
4(d) Initial and additional margin paid over and above initial margin,
for entering into contracts for Equity Index/Stock Futures, which are
released on final settlement/ squaring-up of underlying contracts, are
disclosed under Current Assets.
5. FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS
5(a) The expenses and income in foreign exchange transactions are
accounted for at the rates prevailing on the date of transactions/at
the forward rate, if booked, for such transaction.
5(b) Assets and liabilities held in foreign currencies and accrued
income and expenditure in foreign currencies are translated into Indian
Rupees at the rates advised by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of
India (FEDAI) prevailing towards the close of the accounting period.
Gains/losses, if any, on valuation of various assets and liabilities
are taken to Profit & Loss Account.
6. FIXED ASSETS AND DEPRECIATION
6(a) Fixed Assets are carried at cost (including capitalized interest)
less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Accumulated
depreciation on assets in respect of lease transactions commenced on or
before 31.03.2001 is adjusted for the balance in the ÃAccumulated Lease
Equalization Account.
6(b) Depreciation on assets given on lease is provided on Straight Line
Method (SLM) at the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV to the
Companies Act, 1956 or over the primary period of lease of assets,
whichever is higher.
6(c) Depreciation in respect of Office Building and Plant & Machinery
at Corporate Office is provided on SLM and on all other assets on the
Written Down Value (WDV) method at the rates prescribed under Schedule
XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Assets having individual value of less
than Rs.5000/- are charged to the Profit & Loss Account in the year of
purchase.
6(d) Leasehold land is amortized over the lease period.
6(e) Depreciation on increase in value of Leasehold Land & Building due
to revaluation is provided on straight-line basis over the balance
useful life of asset and adjusted out of revaluation reserve.
6(f) Mobile phones are fully depreciated in the year of acquisition
itself.
6(g) Art works capitalized under Furniture and Fixtures are not being
depreciated.
7. IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS
Impairment loss is provided to the extent the carrying amount of assets
exceeds their recoverable amounts. Recoverable amount is the higher of
an assets net selling price and its value in use. Value in use is the
present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the
continuing use of the asset and from its disposal at the end of its
useful life. Net selling price is the amount obtainable from sale of
the asset in an arms length transaction between knowledgeable, willing
parties, less the costs of disposal. If at the balance sheet date,
there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no
longer exits, then such loss is reversed and the asset is restated to
the extent of the carrying value of the asset that would have been
determined (net of amortization/depreciation), had no impairment loss
been recognized.
8. PROVISIONS/WRITE OFF AGAINST LOANS AND OTHER CREDIT FACILITIES
8(a) All credit exposures are classified into performing and
non-performing assets (NPAs) as per the RBI Guidelines. Further, NPAs
are classified into sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets based on the
criteria stipulated by RBI. Provisions on standard assets are made as
per the approval of the Board. Provisions are made on sub-standard and
doubtful assets at rates prescribed by RBI. Loss assets and unsecured
portion of doubtful assets are provided/written off as per the extant
RBI guidelines. Additional provisions are made against specific
non-performing assets over and above what is stated above, if in the
opinion of the management, increased provisions are necessary.
8(b) For restructured/rescheduled assets, provision is made in
accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI.
8(c) Recovery against debts written off/provided for is credited to
revenue. Income is recognized where amounts are either recovered and/or
adjusted against securities/properties or advances there-against or are
considered recoverable in terms of RBI Guidelines.
8(d) Provision in respect of purchase and sale of NPAs is accounted as
per guidelines prescribed by RBI.
9. GRANTS RECEIVED FROM GOVERNMENT OF INDIA UNDER INTEREST
DIFFERENTIAL FUND (IDF)
Grants received from Government of India under Interest Differential
Fund (IDF) is of a capital nature and to be utilized for specified
purposes for promotional activities of Industrial Development.
Accordingly, the money so received, net of expenditure for the approved
purposes is shown under ÃReserves and Surplus in the Balance Sheet.
The amounts invested and loans made out of the fund for approved
purposes are shown under ÃInvestments and ÃLoans respectively. The
interest/dividend/other income earned and profit on sale of investments
are treated as income of the Company.
10. BORROWING COST
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or
construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost
of such assets.
A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs
are charged to revenue.
11. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENDITURE
11(a) Expenses on issue of Shares and Bonds are charged as per
guidelines contained in Accounting Standard 26 - ÃIntangible AssetsÃ.
11(b) Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) expenses are charged off as and
when incurred.
12. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
12(a) Monthly contributions to the Retirement Funds viz. Provident Fund
and Pension Fund being in the nature of defined contribution is charged
against revenue. The Provident Fund is administered through duly
constituted and approved administrators. The administration of Pension
Fund in respect of existing employees opting for the same has been
entrusted by Trustees to Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) by
entering into a Group Superannuation Cash Accumulation Scheme. The
existing pension optees, however, continue to be governed by the
provisions of the scheme in operation at the time of their retirement
and are accordingly entitled to DA relief and family pension as and
when due. The contribution made on account of same is charged to
Accounts as and when due.
12(b) The Company has a defined benefit employees scheme in the form of
Gratuity. The Trustees of the scheme have entrusted the administration
of related fund to LIC. Expense for the year is determined on the basis
of actuarial valuation of the Companys year-end obligation in this
regard and the value of year end assets of the scheme. Contribution is
deposited with LIC based on intimation received by the Company.
12(c) The Company has a post retirement medical benefit scheme for
employees and their dependants subject to certain limits for
hospitalization and normal medical treatment. The same is charged
against revenue as and when incurred.
13. TAXATION
Tax Expense comprises of current & deferred income tax. Current income
tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax
authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act. Deferred Tax is
recognized, subject to consideration of prudence, on timing
differences, being difference between taxable income and accounting
income/expenditure that originate in one period and are capable of
reversal in one or more subsequent year(s). Deferred taxes are reviewed
for their carrying values at each balance sheet date.
14. PROVISIONS AND CONTINGENCIES
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a legal and constructive
obligation as a result of a past event, for which it is probable that
cash outflow will be required and a reliable estimate can be made of
the amount of the obligation. Contingent liabilities are disclosed when
the Company has a possible or present obligation where it is not
probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle it.
Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed.