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Accounting Policies of JMC Projects (India) Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2022

CORPORATE INFORMATION

JMC Projects (India) Limited ("the Company") was incorporated under the provision of the Companies Act, applicable in India on 5 June 1986. The Company is a public limited Company incorporated and domiciled in India and has its registered office at A-104, Shapath, S.G.Road , Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The equity shares of the Company are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange of India Limited (BSE) and National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE). The Company is primarily engaged in Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) business.

1 BASIS OF PREPARATION AND MEASUREMENT(a) Statement of compliance

These Standalone Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) to comply with the Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (“the 2013 Act”) read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016, and the relevant provisions and amendments, as applicable.

These standalone financial statements were authorised for issue by the Company’s Board of Directors on 12 May, 2022.

Details of the Company''s accounting policies are included in Note 2.

(b) Functional and presentation currency

These standalone financial statements are presented in Indian rupees (''), which is the Company’s functional currency. All financial information have been presented in Indian rupees (?) all amounts have been rounded-off to the nearest Lakhs, unless otherwise stated.

(c) Basis of measurement

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following:

• certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments) and contingent consideration that is measured at fair value; and

• net defined benefit (asset) / liability - fair value of plan assets less present value of defined benefit obligation

(d) Use of estimates and judgements

The preparation of the standalone financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

I nformation about significant areas of estimation uncertainty and critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements are included in the following notes:

(i) Estimation of total contract revenue and costs for revenue recognition (Refer note 38)

(ii) Estimation of useful life of property, plant and equipment, Investment property and intangibles (Refer point 2 (l) , 2 (m) and 2 (n))

(iii) Estimation of provision for defect liability period, onerous contracts and liquidated damages, if any (Refer note 29)

(iv) Estimation of defined benefit obligation (Refer note 31)

(v) Estimation of recognition of deferred tax assets, availability of future taxable profit against which tax losses carried forward can be used (Refer note 7)

(vi) I mpairment of financial assets (i.e. expected credit loss on trade receivables and retention money receivable) (Refer note 35)

(vii) Impairment of accrued value of work done (Refer note 35)

(viii) Impairment of financial liabilities (i.e. retention money payable and advances from clients) (Refer note 35)

(ix) Estimation on discounting of lease liability on application of Ind AS 116 (Refer Note 39)

(e) Measurement of fair values

The Company''s accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for financial instruments.

1 BASIS OF PREPARATION AND MEASUREMENT (Contd.)(e) Measurement of fair values (Contd.)

The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values. The finance team has overall responsibility for overseeing all significant fair value measurements, including Level 3 fair values, and reports directly to the Chief Financial Officer (CFO).

They regularly review significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If third party information is used to measure fair values then the finance team assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that such valuations meet the requirements of Ind AS, including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which such valuations should be classified.

Significant valuation issues are reported to the Company’s audit committee.

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

• Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

• Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

• Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorised in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement. (Refer note 35)

2 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(a) Segment reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to

the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM). The board of directors of the Company has appointed a management review committee which assesses the financial performance and position of the Company and makes strategic decisions. The management review committee, which has been identified as being the chief operating decision maker, consists of the chief executive officer (CEO), the chief financial officer (CFO) and the manager for corporate planning. Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) is the reportable segment for the standalone financial statements. It comprises of construction of buildings and factories, roads and bridges, water pipelines, metro, power, railways etc. Refer note 36 for segment information presented.

Current/ non-current classification

The Schedule III to the Act requires assets and liabilities to be classified as either current or noncurrent.

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

Assets

An asset is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

(i) i t is expected to be realised in, or is intended for sale or consumption in, the Company''s normal operating cycle;

(ii) it is expected to be realised within twelve months from the reporting date;

(iii) i t is held primarily for the purposes of being traded; or

(iv) it is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

All other assets are classified as non current. Liabilities

A liability is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria: (i) it is expected to be settled in the Company''s normal operating cycle;

(ii) it is due to be settled within twelve months from the reporting date; (iii) it is held primarily for the

(a) Segment reporting (Contd.)

purposes of being traded; or (iv) the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for atleast twelve months from the reporting date.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current. Operating cycle

Operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents.

Based on the nature of operations and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of current - noncurrent classification of assets and liabilities.

(b) Foreign currency(i) Foreign currency transactions

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are generally recognised in statement of profit or loss. They are deferred in equity if they relate to qualifying cash flow hedges and qualifying net investment hedges or are attributable to part of the net investment in a foreign operation. A monetary item for which settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future is considered as a part of the entity’s net investment in that foreign operation.

Foreign exchange differences regarded as an adjustment to borrowing costs are presented in the statement of profit and loss, within finance costs. All other foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the standalone statement of profit and loss on a net basis within other gains/(losses).

Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair

value was determined. Translation differences on assets and liabilities carried at fair value are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss. For example, translation differences on nonmonetary assets and liabilities such as equity instruments held at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in the statement of profit or loss as part of the fair value gain or loss and translation differences on non-monetary assets such as equity investments classified as FVOCI are recognised in other comprehensive income.

(ii) Foreign operations

The results and financial position of foreign operations related to branches (none of which has the currency of a hyperinflationary economy) that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:

• Assets and liabilities are translated

into INR, the functional currency of the

Company, at the exchange rates at the reporting date.

• The income and expenses of foreign

operations are translated into INR at the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions or an average rate if the average rate approximates the actual rate at the date of the transaction, and

• All resulting exchange differences are

recognised in foreign currency translation reserve (FCTR) through the other comprehensive income.

Exchange differences arising from the translation of any net investment in foreign entities, and of borrowings and other financial instruments designated as hedges of such investments, are recognised in other comprehensive income. When a foreign operation is sold, the associated exchange differences are reclassified to profit or loss, as part of the gain or loss on sale.

Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign operation (if any) are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at the closing rate.

(c) Revenue recognition

(i) Construction Revenue

The Company undertakes Engineering, Procurement and Construction business. The ongoing contracts with customers are for construction of highways, water pipeline projects, construction of residential & commercial buildings, and others. The Company has applied the following accounting policy for revenue recognition:

Revenue from contracts with customers

The Company recognises revenue from contracts with customers based on a five step model as set out in Ind AS 115:

Step 1. Identify the contract(s) with a customer: A contract is defined as an agreement between two or more parties that creates enforceable rights and obligations and sets out the criteria for every contract that must be met.

Step 2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract: A performance obligation is a promise in a contract with a customer to transfer a good or service to the customer.

Step 3. Determine the transaction price: The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties.

Step 4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract: For a contract that has more than one performance obligation, the Company will allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in an amount that depicts the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for satisfying each performance obligation.

Step 5. Recognise revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company satisfies a performance obligation and recognises revenue over time, if one of the following criteria is met:

1. The customer simultaneously receives

and consumes the benefits provided by the Company''s performance as the Company performs; or

2. The Company''s performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced; or

3. The Company''s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Company and the entity has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.

Revenue from works contracts, where the outcome can be estimated reliably, is recognised under the percentage of completion method by reference to the stage of completion of the contract activity. The stage of completion is measured by calculating the proportion that costs incurred to date bear to the estimated total costs of a contract. Determination of revenues under the percentage of completion method necessarily involves making estimates by the management.

When the outcome of a construction contract cannot be estimated reliably, contract revenue is recognised only to the extent of contract cost incurred that are likely to be recoverable.

Any costs incurred that do not contribute to satisfying performance obligations are excluded from the Company’s input methods of revenue recognition as the amounts are not reflective of our transferring control of the system to the customer. Significant judgment is required to evaluate assumptions related to the amount of net contract revenues, including the impact of any performance incentives, liquidated damages, and other forms of variable consideration.

If estimated incremental costs on any contract, are greater than the net contract revenues, the Company recognises the entire estimated loss in the period the loss becomes known.

When the Company satisfies a performance obligation by delivering the promised goods or services it creates a contract asset based on the amount of consideration to be earned by the performance. Where the amount of

consideration received from a customer exceeds the amount of revenue recognised this gives rise to a contract liability.

Any variations in contract work, claims, incentive payments are included in the transaction price if it is highly probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur once associated uncertainties are resolved.

Consideration is adjusted for the time value of money if the period between the transfer of goods or services and the receipt of payment exceeds twelve months and there is a significant financing benefit either to the customer or the Company.

Operation and maintenance income

The Company recognises revenue from Operations and Maintenance services using the time-elapsed measure of progress i.e input method on a straight line basis.

Multiple deliverable arrangements

When two or more revenue generating activities or deliverables are provided under a single arrangement, each deliverable that is considered to be a separate unit of account is accounted for separately. The allocation of consideration from a revenue arrangement to its separate units of account is based on the relative fair value of each unit. If the fair value of the delivered item is not reliably measurable, then revenue is allocated based on the difference between the total arrangement consideration and the fair value of the undelivered item.

The Company evaluates whether each contract consists of a single performance obligation or multiple performance obligations. Contracts where the Company provides a significant integration service to the customer by combining all the goods and services are concluded to have a single performance obligations. Contracts with no significant integration service, and where the customer

can benefit from each unit on its own, are concluded to have multiple performance obligations. In such cases consideration is allocated to each performance obligation, based on standalone selling prices. Where the Company enters into multiple contracts with the same customer, the Company evaluates whether the contract is to be combined or not by evaluating factors such as commercial objective of the contract, consideration negotiated with the customer and whether the individual contracts have single performance obligations or not.

Advances from customers, progress payments, amount due from and due to customers and retention money receivable

Advances received from customers in respect of contracts are treated as liabilities and adjusted against progress billing as per terms of the contract.

Progress payments received are adjusted against amount receivable from customers in respect of the contract work performed.

Amounts due from contract customers represents the gross unbilled amount expected to be collected from customers for contract work performed till date. It is measured at cost plus profit recognised till date less progress billings and recognised losses when incurred.

Amounts due to contract customers represents the excess of progress billings over the revenue recognised (costs plus attributable profits) for the contract work performed till date.

Amounts retained by the customers until the satisfactory completion of the contracts are recognised as receivables.

Revenue is net off taxes, duties and cess.

Revenue from contracts awarded to a Jointly Controlled Entity but executed by the Company under the arrangement with the Joint Venture Partner (being in substance in the nature of Jointly Controlled Operations, in terms of Ind AS Accounting Standard) is recognised on the same basis as similar contracts independently executed by Company.

(ii) Dividend Income

Dividend Income is accounted when the right to receive the same is established.

(iii) Interest Income or expenses

Interest income or expense is accounted basis effective interest rate (EIR). The ‘effective interest rate’ is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument to:

- the gross carrying amount of the financial asset; or

- the amortised cost of the financial liability.

In calculating interest income and expense, the effective interest rate is applied to the gross carrying amount of the asset (when the asset is not credit-impaired) or to the amortised cost of the liability. However, for financial assets that have become credit-impaired subsequent to initial recognition, interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset. If the asset is no longer credit-impaired, then the calculation of interest income reverts to the gross basis.

(iv) Rental Income

Rental Income from investment property is recognised in standalone statement of profit and loss on straight-line basis over the term of the lease except where the rentals are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation.

(d) Income tax

Income tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. It is recognised in standalone statement of profit and loss except to the extent that it relates to an item recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

(i) Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for

the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any, related to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts, and it is intended to realise the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.

(ii) Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognised in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits. Deferred tax is not recognised for:

- temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction;

- temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and

- t axable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. The existence of unused tax losses is strong evidence that future taxable profit may not be available. Therefore, in case of a history of recent losses, the Company recognises a deferred tax asset only to the extent that it has sufficient taxable temporary differences or there is convincing other evidence that

sufficient taxable profit will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realised. Deferred tax assets - unrecognised or recognised, are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognised/ reduced to the extent that it is probable/ no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realised.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realised simultaneously.

(e) Leases(a) Definition of leases

At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:

- the contract involves the use of an identified asset - this may be specified explicitly or implicitly, and should be physically distinct or represent substantially all of the capacity of a

physically distinct asset. If the supplier has a substantive substitution right, then the asset is not identified;

- the Company has the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset throughout the period of use; and

- t he Company has the right to direct the use of the asset. The Company has the right when it has the decision-making rights that are most relevant to changing how and for what purpose the asset is used. In rare cases where the decision about how and for what purpose the asset is used is predetermined, the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset if either:

- the Company has the right to operate the asset; or

- the Company designed the asset in a way that predetermines how and for what purpose it will be used.

This policy is applied to contracts entered into, or changed, on or after 1 April 2019.

At inception or on reassessment of a contract that contains a lease component, the Company allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of their relative stand-alone prices. However, for the leases of land and buildings in which it is a lessee, the Company has elected not to separate non-lease components and account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

(b) As a lessee

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term. The estimated useful lives of right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of property, plant and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate over a period of lease term. Generally, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following:

- fixed payments, including in-substance fixed payments;

- variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date;

- amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee; and

- the exercise price under a purchase option that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, lease payments in an optional renewal period if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option, and penalties for early termination of a lease unless the Company is reasonably certain not to terminate early.

The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the

Company’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if the Company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option.

When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in the standalone statement of profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

The Company presents right-of-use assets that do not meet the definition of investment property in ‘property, plant and equipment’ / separately from other assets in the standalone financial statement and lease liabilities in ‘financial liabilities’ in the standalone financial statement.

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases of machinery that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low-value assets, including IT equipment. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Under IAS 17

In the comparative period, as a lessee the Company classified leases that transfer substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership as finance leases. When this was the case, the leased assets were measured initially at an amount equal to the lower of their fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments. Minimum lease payments were the payments over the lease term that the lessee was required to make, excluding any contingent rent.

Subsequently, the assets were accounted for in accordance with the accounting policy applicable to that asset.

Assets held under other leases were classified as operating leases and were not recognised in the Company’s standalone financial statement. Payments made under operating

leases were recognised in the standalone financial statement of profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease incentives received were recognised as an integral part of the total lease expense, over the term of the lease.

(c) As a lessor

When the Company acts as a lessor, it determines at lease inception whether each lease is a finance lease or an operating lease.

To classify each lease, the Company makes an overall assessment of whether the lease transfers substantially all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the underlying asset. If this is the case, then the lease is a finance lease; if not, then it is an operating lease. As part of this assessment, the Company considers certain indicators such as whether the lease is for the major part of the economic life of the asset.

When the Company is an intermediate lessor, it accounts for its interests in the head lease and the sub-lease separately. It assesses the lease classification of a sub-lease with reference to the right-of-use asset arising from the head lease, not with reference to the underlying asset. If a head lease is a short-term lease to which the Company applies the exemption described above, then it classifies the sublease as an operating lease.

If an arrangement contains lease and non-lease components, the Company applies Ind AS 115 to allocate the consideration in the contract.

The Company recognises lease payments received under operating leases as income on a straightline basis over the lease term as part of ‘other income’.

The accounting policies applicable to the Company as a lessor in the comparative period were not different from Ind AS 116. However, when the Company was an intermediate lessor the sub-leases were classified with reference to the underlying asset.

(f) Impairment of non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Company''s nonfinancial assets, investment property, and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated.

For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows are grouped together into cash-generating units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.

The recoverable amount of a CGU (or an individual asset) is the higher of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the CGU (or the asset).

An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

Impairment loss recognised in respect of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets of the CGU (or group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.

In respect of assets for which impairment loss has been recognised in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

(g) Cash and cash equivalents

For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial

institutions, other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities in the balance sheet.

(h) Trade receivables

Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less provision for expected credit loss.

(i) Inventories

Construction materials and spares, tools and stores, are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost of construction materials comprises cost of purchases. Cost of inventories also include all other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost includes the reclassification from equity of any gains or losses on qualifying cash flow hedges relating to purchases of raw material but excludes borrowing costs. Costs are assigned to individual items of inventory on the basis of weighted average costs (WAC) (Refer note 9). Costs of purchased inventory are determined after deducting rebates and discounts. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(j) Financial instrumentsRecognition and initial measurement

Trade receivables and debt securities issued are initially recognised when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of long term investments is made only if such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the Management. A financial asset or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), transaction

costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue.

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Financial instruments also include derivative contracts such as foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and currency options; and embedded derivatives in the host contract.

Classification and subsequent measurement(i) Financial assetsClassification

The Company shall classify financial assets as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss on the basis of its business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market pLakhse (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

Debt instruments at amortised cost

1. A ‘debt instrument’ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise to cash flows on specified dates that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

2. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost

(i) Financial assets (Contd.)Debt instruments at amortised cost (Contd.)

using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the standalone statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

3. Debt instruments included within the fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL) category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of

a financial asset or part of a Company of similar

financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e.

removed from the Company’s balance sheet) when:

1. The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

2. The Company has transferred its rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its standalone balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

3. When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the

risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

4. Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind-AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

1. Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g., loans, debt securities, deposits, and bank balance.

2. Lease receivables.

3. Trade receivables

4. Accrued value of work done

The Company follows ‘simplified approach’ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on:

i. Trade receivables which do not contain a significant financing component.

ii. Accrued value of work done which do not contain a significant financing component.

iii. Retention money receivables.

iv. All lease receivables resulting from transactions.

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase

(i) Financial assets (Contd.)Impairment of financial assets (Contd.)

in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

(ii) Financial liabilities Classification

The Company classifies all financial liabilities as subsequently measured at amortised cost, except for financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss. Such liabilities, including derivatives that are liabilities, shall be subsequently measured at fair value.

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging

instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind-AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind-AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognised in OCI. These gains/loss are not subsequently transferred to the standalone financial statement of profit and loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the standalone statement of profit or loss. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit and loss.

Loans and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. Gains and losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the liabilities are derecognised.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

This category generally applies to interest-bearing loans and borrowings.

Derecognition

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

(k) Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

(l) Property, plant and equipment

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost, which includes capitalised borrowing costs, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items. Cost may also include transfers from equity of any gains or losses on qualifying cash flow hedges of foreign currency purchases of property, plant and equipment.

Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognised when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the standalone statement of profit and loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their cost, net of their residual values, over their estimated useful lives or, in the case of certain leased furniture, fittings and

equipment, the shorter lease term as follows:

Class of assets Useful life as per Schedule II

• Office building 60 years

• Store building 3 years

• Plant and equipment 10-15 years

• Furniture and fixtures 10 years

• Vehicles 8-10 years

• Office equipment 3-10 years

• Electrical installation 10 years

Assets costing less than '' 20,000 are depreciated at 100% in the year of purchase / acquisition.

The property, plant and equipment acquired under finance leases is depreciated over the asset’s useful life or over the shorter of the asset’s useful life and the lease term if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership at the end of the lease term.

The useful lives have been determined based on technical evaluation done by the management''s expert which are higher than those specified by Schedule II to the Companies Act; 2013, in order to reflect the actual usage of the assets. The residual values are not more than 5% of the original cost of the asset.

The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are included in the statement of profit and loss within other gains/(losses).

Reclassification to investment property

When the use of a property changes from owner-occupied to investment property, the property is reclassified as investment property at its carrying amount on the date of reclassification.

(m) Investment property

Investment property is property held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes. Upon initial recognition, an investment property is measured initially at its cost, including related transaction costs and where applicable borrowing costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment property is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. All other repairs and maintenance costs are expensed when incurred. When part of an investment property is replaced, the carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised.

Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes a period of 2540 years as representing the best estimate of the period over which investment properties (which are quite similar) are expected to be used. Accordingly, the Company depreciates investment properties using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an investment property is recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

The fair values of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair values is determined by an independent valuer who holds a recognised and relevant professional qualification and has recent experience in the location and category of the investment property being valued.

(n) Intangible assets Computer software

Costs associated with maintaining software programmes are recognised as an expense as incurred. Development costs that are directly attributable to the design and testing of identifiable and unique software products controlled by the Company are recognised as intangible assets when the following criteria are met:

• it is technically feasible to complete the software so that it will be available for use

• management intends to complete the software and use or sell it

• there is an ability to use or sell the software

• it can be demonstrated how the software will generate probable future economic benefits

• adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the software are available, and

• the expenditure attributable to the software during its development can be reliably measured.

Directly attributable costs that are capitalised as part of the software include employee costs and an appropriate portion of relevant overheads.

Capitalised development costs are recorded as intangible assets and amortised from the point at which the asset is available for use.

Amortisation methods and periods

The Company amortises intangible assets with a finite useful life using the straight-line method over the following periods:

• Computer software 3-5 years

(o) Trade and other payables

These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid. The amounts are unsecured and are usually paid within 30 days of recognition. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

(p) Borrowings

Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognised in the statement of profit and loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method (EIR). Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognised as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. In

this case, the fee is def


Mar 31, 2019

(a) Segment reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM). The board of directors of the Company has appointed a management review committee which assesses the financial performance and position of the Company and makes strategic decisions. The management review committee, which has been identified as being the chief operating decision maker, consists of the chief executive officer (CEO), the chief financial officer (CFO) and the manager for corporate planning. Refer note 36 for segment information presented.

Current/ non-current classification

The Schedule III to the Act requires assets and liabilities to be classified as either current or noncurrent.

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

Assets

An asset is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

(i) it is expected to be realised in, or is intended for sale or consumption in, the Company’s normal operating cycle;

(ii) it is expected to be realised within twelve months from the reporting date;

(iii) it is held primarily for the purposes of being traded; or

(iv) it is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

All other assets are classified as non current. Liabilities

A liability is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

(i) it is expected to be settled in the Company’s normal operating cycle;

(ii) it is due to be settled within twelve months from the reporting date;

(iii) it is held primarily for the purposes of being traded; or

(iv) the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for atleast twelve months from the reporting date.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

Operating cycle

Operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents.

Based on the nature of operations and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of current - noncurrent classification of assets and liabilities.

(b) Foreign currency

(i) Foreign currency transactions

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are generally recognised in statement of profit or loss. They are deferred in equity if they relate to qualifying cash flow hedges and qualifying net investment hedges or are attributable to part of the net investment in a foreign operation. A monetary item for which settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future is considered as a part of the entity’s net investment in that foreign operation.

Foreign exchange differences regarded as an adjustment to borrowing costs are presented in the statement of profit and loss, within finance costs. All other foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the statement of profit and loss on a net basis within other gains/(losses).

Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. Translation differences on assets and liabilities carried at fair value are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss. For example, translation differences on non-monetary assets and liabilities such as equity instruments held at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in the statement of profit or loss as part of the fair value gain or loss and translation differences on non-monetary assets such as equity investments classified as FVOCI are recognised in other comprehensive income.

The results and financial position of foreign operations related to branches (none of which has the currency of a hyperinflationary economy) that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:

- assets and liabilities are translated into INR, the functional currency of the Company, at the exchange rates at the reporting date.

- The income and expenses of foreign operations are translated into INR at the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions or an average rate if the average rate approximates the actual rate at the date of the transaction, and

- All resulting exchange differences are recognised in foreign currency translation reserve (FCTR) through the other comprehensive income.

Exchange differences arising from the translation of any net investment in foreign entities, and of borrowings and other financial instruments designated as hedges of such investments, are recognised in other comprehensive income. When a foreign operation is sold, the associated exchange differences are reclassified to profit or loss, as part of the gain or loss on sale.

Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign operation are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at the closing rate.

(c) Revenue recognition

(i) Construction Revenue

The Company undertakes Engineering, Procurement and Construction business. The ongoing contracts with customers are for construction of highways, water pipeline projects, construction of residential & commercial buildings, and others. The type of work in these contracts involve construction, engineering, designing, supply of materials, development of system, installation, project management, operations and maintenance etc.

The Company has adopted Ind AS 115, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, with effect from 01 April 2018. The Company has applied the following accounting policy for revenue recognition:

Revenue from contracts with customers

The Company recognises revenue from contracts with customers based on a five step model as set out in Ind AS 115:

Step 1. Identify the contract(s) with a customer: A contract is defined as an agreement between two or more parties that creates enforceable rights and obligations and sets out the criteria for every contract that must be met.

Step 2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract: A performance obligation is a promise in a contract with a customer to transfer a good or service to the customer.

Step 3. Determine the transaction price: The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties.

Step 4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract: For a contract that has more than one performance obligation, the Company will allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in an amount that depicts the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for satisfying each performance obligation.

Step 5. Recognise revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company satisfies a performance obligation and recognises revenue over time, if one of the following criteria is met:

1. The customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company’s performance as the Company performs; or

2. The Company’s performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced; or

3. The Company’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Company and the entity has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.

Revenue from works contracts, where the outcome can be estimated reliably, is recognised under the percentage of completion method by reference to the stage of completion of the contract activity. The stage of completion is measured by calculating the proportion that costs incurred to date bear to the estimated total costs of a contract. Determination of revenues under the percentage of completion method necessarily involves making estimates by the management.

When the outcome of a construction contract cannot be estimated reliably, contract revenue is recognised only to the extent of contract cost incurred that are likely to be recoverable.

Any costs incurred that do not contribute to satisfying performance obligations are excluded from the Company’s input methods of revenue recognition as the amounts are not reflective of our transferring control of the system to the customer. Significant judgment is required to evaluate assumptions related to the amount of net contract revenues, including the impact of any performance incentives, liquidated damages, and other forms of variable consideration.

If estimated incremental costs on any contract, are greater than the net contract revenues, the Company recognises the entire estimated loss in the period the loss becomes known.

When the Company satisfies a performance obligation by delivering the promised goods or services it creates a contract asset based on the amount of consideration to be earned by the performance. Where the amount of consideration received from a customer exceeds the amount of revenue recognised this gives rise to a contract liability.

Any variations in contract work, claims, incentive payments are included in the transaction price if it is highly probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur once associated uncertainties are resolved.

Consideration is adjusted for the time value of money if the period between the transfer of goods or services and the receipt of payment exceeds twelve months and there is a significant financing benefit either to the customer or the Company.

Operation and maintenance income

The Company recognises revenue from Operations and Maintenance services using the time-elapsed measure of progress i.e input method on a straight line basis.

Multiple deliverable arrangements

When two or more revenue generating activities or deliverables are provided under a single arrangement, each deliverable that is considered to be a separate unit of account is accounted for separately. The allocation of consideration from a revenue arrangement to its separate units of account is based on the relative fair value of each unit. If the fair value of the delivered item is not reliably measurable, then revenue is allocated based on the difference between the total arrangement consideration and the fair value of the undelivered item.

The Company evaluates whether each contract consists of a single performance obligation or multiple performance obligations. Contracts where the Company provides a significant integration service to the customer by combining all the goods and services are concluded to have a single performance obligations. Contracts with no significant integration service, and where the customer can benefit from each unit on its own, are concluded to have multiple performance obligations. In such cases consideration is allocated to each performance obligation, based on standalone selling prices. Where the Company enters into multiple contracts with the same customer, the Company evaluates whether the contract is to be combined or not by evaluating factors such as commercial objective of the contract, consideration negotiated with the customer and whether the individual contracts have single performance obligations or not.

Advances from customers, progress payments, amount due from and due to customers and retention money receivable

Advances received from customers in respect of contracts are treated as liabilities and adjusted against progress billing as per terms of the contract.

Progress payments received are adjusted against amount receivable from customers in respect of the contract work performed.

Amounts due from contract customers represents the gross unbilled amount expected to be collected from customers for contract work performed till date. It is measured at cost plus profit recognised till date less progress billings and recognised losses when incurred.

Amounts due to contract customers represents the excess of progress billings over the revenue recognised (costs plus attributable profits) for the contract work performed till date.

Amounts retained by the customers until the satisfactory completion of the contracts are recognised as receivables.

Revenue is net off taxes, duties and cess.

Revenue from contracts awarded to a Jointly Controlled Entity but executed by the Company under the arrangement with the Joint Venture Partner (being in substance in the nature of Jointly Controlled Operations, in terms of Ind AS Accounting Standard) is recognised on the same basis as similar contracts independently executed by the company.

(ii) Dividend Income

Dividend Income is accounted when the right to receive the same is established.

(iii) Interest Income or expenses

Interest income or expense is accounted basis effective interest rate (EIR).

The ‘effective interest rate’ is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument to:

- the gross carrying amount of the financial asset; or

- the amortised cost of the financial liability.

In calculating interest income and expense, the effective interest rate is applied to the gross carrying amount of the asset (when the asset is not credit-impaired) or to the amortised cost of the liability. However, for financial assets that have become credit-impaired subsequent to initial recognition, interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset. If the asset is no longer credit-impaired, then the calculation of interest income reverts to the gross basis.

(iv) Rental Income

Rental Income from investment property is recognised in standalone statement of profit and loss on straight-line basis over the term of the lease except where the rentals are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation.

(d) Income tax

Income tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. It is recognised in standalone statement of profit and loss except to the extent that it relates to an item recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

(i) Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any, related to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts, and it is intended to realise the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.

Minimum Alternate Tax (‘MAT’) under the provisions of Income-tax Act, 1961 is recognised as current tax in the standalone statement of profit and loss. MAT paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is a convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal tax. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as an asset in the balance sheet when it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company.

Current tax assets and liabilities are offset only if, the Company:

a) has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts; and

b) intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

(ii) Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognised in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits. Deferred tax is not recognised for:

- temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction;

- temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and

- taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. The existence of unused tax losses is strong evidence that future taxable profit may not be available. Therefore, in case of a history of recent losses, the Company recognises a deferred tax asset only to the extent that it has sufficient taxable temporary differences or there is convincing other evidence that sufficient taxable profit will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realised. Deferred tax assets - unrecognised or recognised, are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognised/ reduced to the extent that it is probable/ no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realised.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realised simultaneously.

(e) Leases

(i) Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease

At inception of an arrangement, it is determined whether the arrangement is or contains a lease.

At inception or on reassessment of the arrangement that contains a lease, the payments and other consideration required by such an arrangement are separated into those for the lease and those for other elements on the basis of their relative fair values. If it is concluded for a finance lease that it is impracticable to separate the payments reliably, then an asset and a liability are recognised at an amount equal to the fair value of the underlying asset. The liability is reduced as payments are made and an imputed finance cost on the liability is recognised using the incremental borrowing rate.

(ii) Assets held under leases

Leases of property, plant and equipment that transfer to the Company substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. The leased assets are measured initially at an amount equal to the lower of their fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments. Subsequent to initial recognition, the assets are accounted for in accordance with the accounting policy applicable to similar owned assets.

Assets held under leases that do not transfer to the Company substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership (i.e. operating leases) are not recognised in the Company’s standalone balance sheet.

(iii) Lease payments As a lessee

Payments made under operating leases are generally recognised in thestandalone statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease unless such payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increases.

Lease incentives received are recognised as an integral part of the total lease expense over the term of the lease.

Minimum lease payments made under finance leases are apportioned between the finance charge and the reduction of the outstanding liability. The finance charge is allocated to each period during the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.

As a lessor

Lease income from operating leases where the Company is a lessor is recognised in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases. The respective leased assets are included in the standalone balance sheet based on their nature.

(f) Impairment of non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Company’s non-financial assets, investment property, and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated.

For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows are grouped together into cash-generating units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.

The recoverable amount of a CGU (or an individual asset) is the higher of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the CGU (or the asset).

An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

Impairment loss recognised in respect of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets of the CGU (or group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.

In respect of assets for which impairment loss has been recognised in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

(g) Cash and cash equivalents

For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities in the balance sheet.

(h) Trade receivables

Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less provision for expected credit loss.

(i) Inventories

Construction materials and spares, tools and stores, are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost of construction materials comprises cost of purchases. Cost of inventories also include all other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost includes the reclassification from equity of any gains or losses on qualifying cash flow hedges relating to purchases of raw material but excludes borrowing costs. Costs are assigned to individual items of inventory on the basis of weighted average costs (WAC) (Refer note 9). Costs of purchased inventory are determined after deducting rebates and discounts. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(j) Financial instruments

Recognition and initial measurement

Trade receivables and debt securities issued are initially recognised when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of long term investments is made only if such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the Management.

A financial asset or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue.

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Financial instruments also include derivative contracts such as foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and currency options; and embedded derivatives in the host contract.

Classification and subsequent measurement

(i) Financial assets Classification

The Company shall classify financial assets as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss on the basis of its business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

Debt instruments at amortised cost

1. A ‘debt instrument’ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise to cash flows on specified dates that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

2. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

3. Debt instruments included within the fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL) category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company’s balance sheet) when:

1. The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

2. The Company has transferred its rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its standalone balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

3. When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

4. Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind-AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

1. Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g., loans, debt securities, deposits, and bank balance.

2. Lease receivables.

3. Trade receivables

4. Accrued value of work done

The Company follows ‘simplified approach’ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on:

i. Trade receivables which do not contain a significant financing component.

ii. Accrued value of work done which do not contain a significant financing component.

iii. Retention money receivables.

iv. All lease receivables resulting from transactions.

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

(ii) Financial liabilities

Classification

The Company classifies all financial liabilities as subsequently measured at amortised cost, except for financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss. Such liabilities, including derivatives that are liabilities, shall be subsequently measured at fair value.

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind-AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind-AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognised in OCI. These gains/ loss are not subsequently transferred to profit and loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the standalone statement of profit or loss. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit and loss.

Loans and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. Gains and losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the liabilities are derecognised.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

This category generally applies to interest-bearing loans and borrowings.

Derecognition

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

(k) Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

(l) Property, plant and equipment

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost, which includes capitalised borrowing costs, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items. Cost may also include transfers from equity of any gains or losses on qualifying cash flow hedges of foreign currency purchases of property, plant and equipment.

Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognised when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the standalone statement of profit and loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value

Small assets costing less than INR 20,000 are depreciated at 100% in the year of acquisition.

The property, plant and equipment acquired under finance leases is depreciated over the asset’s useful life or over the shorter of the asset’s useful life and the lease term if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership at the end of the lease term.

The useful lives have been determined based on technical evaluation done by the management’s expert which are higher than those specified by Schedule II to the Companies Act; 2013, in order to reflect the actual usage of the assets. The residual values are not more than 5% of the original cost of the asset.

The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are included in the statement of profit and loss within other gains/(losses).

Reclassification to investment property

When the use of a property changes from owner-occupied to investment property, the property is reclassified as investment property at its carrying amount on the date of reclassification.

(m) Investment property

Investment property is property held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes. Upon initial recognition, an investment property is measured initially at its cost, including related transaction costs and where applicable borrowing costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment property is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. All other repairs and maintenance costs are expensed when incurred. When part of an investment property is replaced, the carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised.

Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes a period of 25-40 years as representing the best estimate of the period over which investment properties (which are quite similar) are expected to be used. Accordingly, the Company depreciates investment properties using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an investment property is recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

The fair values of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair values is determined by an independent valuer who holds a recognised and relevant professional qualification and has recent experience in the location and category of the investment property being valued.

(n) Intangible assets

Computer software

Costs associated with maintaining software programmes are recognised as an expense as incurred. Development costs that are directly attributable to the design and testing of identifiable and unique software products controlled by the Company are recognised as intangible assets when the following criteria are met:

- it is technically feasible to complete the software so that it will be available for use

- management intends to complete the software and use or sell it

- there is an ability to use or sell the software

- it can be demonstrated how the software will generate probable future economic benefits

- adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the software are available, and

- the expenditure attributable to the software during its development can be reliably measured.

Directly attributable costs that are capitalised as part of the software include employee costs and an appropriate portion of relevant overheads.

Capitalised development costs are recorded as intangible assets and amortised from the point at which the asset is available for use.

Amortisation methods and periods

The Company amortises intangible assets with a finite useful life using the straight-line method over the following periods:

- Computer software 3-5 years

(o) Trade and other payables

These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid. The amounts are unsecured and are usually paid within 30 days of recognition. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

(p) Borrowings

Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognised in the statement of profit and loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method (EIR). Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognised as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the draw down occurs. To the extent there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is capitalised as a prepayment for liquidity services and amortised over the period of the facility to which it relates.

Borrowings are removed from the balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss as other gains/(losses).

Where the terms of a financial liability are renegotiated and the entity issues equity instruments to a creditor to extinguish all or part of the liability (debt for equity swap), a gain or loss is recognised in the statement of profit and loss, which is measured as the difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability and the fair value of the equity instruments issued.

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period. Where there is a breach of a material provision of a long-term loan arrangement on or before the end of the reporting period with the effect that the liability becomes payable on demand on the reporting date, the entity does not classify the liability as current, if the lender agreed, after the reporting period and before the approval of the financial statements for issue, not to demand payment as a consequence of the breach.

(q) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs are interest and other costs (including exchange differences relating to foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs) incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition or construction of an asset which necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised as part of the cost of that asset.

General and specific borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale.

Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.

Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

(r) Provisions

Provisions for legal claims, service warranties are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that anoutflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.

Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognised even if the likelihood of an outflow with respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small.

Provisions are measured at the present value of management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as interest expense.

(s) Employee benefits

(i) Short-term employee benefits

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including nonmonetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees’ services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.

(ii) Other long-term employee benefits

The liabilities for earned leave and sick leave are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. They are therefore measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period based on independent actuarial valuation. The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the balance sheet if the entity does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting period, regardless of when the actual settlement is expected to occur.

(iii) Post-employment benefits

The Company operates the following postemployment schemes:

(a) defined benefit plans such as gratuity and

(b) defined contribution plans such as provident fund and superannuation fund

Pension and gratuity obligations

The liability or asset recognised in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit pension and gratuity plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method.

Gratuity liability is covered by payment there of to Gratuity fund, the defined benefit plan under Group Gratuity Cash Accumulation Scheme of LIC of India under irrevocable trust. The present value of the defined benefit obligation denominated in INR is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. The benefits which are denominated in currency other than INR, the cash flows are discounted using market yields determined by reference to high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid, and that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income (OCI). They are included in actuarial loss on defined plan liability in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss as past service cost.

Defined contribution plans

The Company pays provident fund contributions to publicly administered provident funds and employee state insurance corporation (ESIC) as per local regulations. The company also pays superannuation fund to LIC of India. The Company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are accounted for as defined contribution plans and the contributions are recognised as employee benefit expense when they are due. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments is available.

Employee options

The fair value of options granted under the Company’s Employee Option Plan is recognised as an employee benefits expense with a corresponding increase in equity. The total amount to be expensed is determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted:

- including any market performance conditions (e.g., the entity’s share price)

- excluding the impact of any service and non-market performance vesting conditions (e.g. profitability, sales growth targets and remaining an employee of the entity over a specified time period), and

- including the impact of any non-vesting conditions (e.g. the requirement for employees to save or holdings shares for a specific period of time).

The total expense is recognised over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified vesting conditions are to be satisfied. At the end of each period, the entity revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to vest based on the non-market vesting and service conditions. It recognises the impact of the revision to original estimates, if any, in the statement of profit and loss, with a corresponding adjustment to equity.

(iv) Bonus plans

The Company recognises a liability and an expense for bonuses. The Company recognises a provision where contractually obliged or where there is a past practice that has created a constructive obligation.

(v) Termination benefits

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Company recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates: (a) when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and (b) when the entity recognises costs for a restructuring that is made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer. Benefits falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to present value.

(t) Contributed equity

Equity shares are classified as equity.

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.

(u) Dividends

Provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared, being appropriately authorised and no longer at the discretion of the entity, on or before the end of the reporting period but not distributed at the end of the reporting period.

(v) Earnings per share

(i) Basic earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing:

- the profit attributable to owners of the Company

- by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the financial year, adjusted for bonus elements in equity shares issued during the year.

(ii) Diluted earnings per share

Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in the determination of basic earnings per share to take into account:

- the after income tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares, and

- the weighted average number of additional equity shares that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(w) Statement of cash flows

The Company’s statement of cash flows are prepared using the Indirect method, whereby profit / loss for the period is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and bank balances and short-term fixed bank deposits that are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. These also include bank overdrafts and cash credit facility that form an integral part of the Company’s cash management.

Amendment to Ind AS 7:

The amendment to Ind AS 7 requires the entities to provide disclosures that enable users of financial statements to evaluate changes in liabilities arising from financing activities, including both changes arising from cash flows and non-cash changes, suggesting inclusion of a reconciliation between the opening and closing balances in the Balance Sheet for liabilities arising from financing activities, to meet the disclosure requirement.

(x) Change in significant accounting policies

The Company has initially applied Ind AS 18 and Ind AS 11 from 1 April 2017. Due to the transition methods chosen by the Company in applying these standards, comparative information throughout these financial statements has not been restated to reflect the requirements of the new standards.

Ind AS 115 establishes a comprehensive framework for determining whether, how much and when revenue is recognised. It replaced Ind AS 18 Revenue and Ind AS 11 Construction Contracts and related interpretations. Under Ind AS 115, revenue is recognised when a customer obtains control of the goods or services.

The Company has applied Ind AS 115 using the cumulative effect method i.e. by recognising the cumulative effect of initially applying Ind AS 115 as an adjustment to the opening balance of equity at 1 April 2018. Therefore, the comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under Ind AS 18 Revenue and Ind AS 11 Construction Contracts.

(y) Standards issued but not yet effective

- Ind AS 116, is applicable for financial reporting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2019 and replaces existing lease accounting guidance, namely Ind AS 17 Leases. Ind AS 116 introduces a single, on-balance sheet lease accounting model for lessees. A lessee recognises a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset representing its right to use the underlying asset and a lease liability representing its obligation to make lease payments. The nature of expenses related to those leases will change as Ind AS 116 replaces the operating lease expense (i.e., rent) with depreciation charge for ROU assets and interest expense on lease liabilities. There are recognition exemptions for short-term leases and leases of low-value items. Lessor accounting remains similar to the current standard - i.e. lessors continue to classify leases as finance or operating leases. The Company is in the process of analysing the impact of new lease standard on its financial statements.

In addition to the above note 2(w), the following amendments to existing standards have been issued, are not yet effective and are not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements:

- Amendments to Ind AS 103, Business Combinations, and Ind AS 111, Joint Arrangements: This interpretation clarifies how an entity accounts for increasing its interest in a joint operation that meets the definition of a business.

- Amendments to Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments: amendments relating to the classification of particular prepayable financial assets.

- Amendments to Ind AS 12, Income Taxes, clarify that all income tax consequences of dividends (including payments on financial instruments classified as equity) are recognized consistently with the transactions that generated the distributable profits - i.e. in profit or loss, other comprehensive income or equity. Further Appendix C, uncertainty over income tax treatments has been added to clarify how entities should reflect uncertainties over income tax treatments, in particular when assessing the outcome a tax authority might reach with full knowledge and information if it were to make an examination.

- Amendment to Ind AS 19, Employee Benefits

- The amendment to Ind AS 19 clarifies that on amendment, curtailment or settlement of a defined benefit plan, the current service cost and net interest for the remainder of the annual reporting period are calculated using updated actuarial assumptions - i.e. consistent with the calculation of a gain or loss on the plan amendment, curtailment or settlement. This amendment also clarifies that an entity first determines any past service cost, or a gain or loss on settlement, without considering the effect of the asset ceiling. This amount is recognized in profit or loss. The entity then determines the effect of the asset ceiling after plan amendment, curtailment or settlement. Any change in that effect is recognized in other comprehensive income (except for amounts included in net interest).

- Amendments to Ind AS 23, Borrowing Costs, clarify that the general borrowings pool used to calculate eligible borrowing costs excludes only borrowings that specifically finance qualifying assets that are still under development or construction.

- Amendments to Ind AS 28, Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures: When applying the equity method, a non-investment entity that has an interest in an investment entity associate or joint venture can elect to retain the fair value accounting applied by the associate or joint venture to its subsidiaries. Venture capital and other qualifying organizations can elect to measure investments in associates or joint ventures at fair value through profit or loss instead of applying the equity method. The amendments clarify that both these elections apply for each investment entity associate or joint venture separately.

(z) Events after reporting date

Where events occurring after the balance sheet date provide evidence of conditions that existed at the end of the reporting period, the impact of such events is adjusted in the financial statements. Otherwise, events after the balance sheet date of material size or nature are only disclosed.


Mar 31, 2018

1 Significant accounting policies

(a) Segment reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM). The board of directors of the Company has appointed a management review committee which assesses the financial performance and position of the Company and makes strategic decisions. The management review committee, which has been identified as being the chief operating decision maker, consists of the chief executive officer (CEO), the chief financial officer (CFO) and the manager for corporate planning. Refer note 37 for segment information presented.

Current/ non-current classification

The Schedule III to the Act requires assets and liabilities to be classified as either current or non-current.

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

Assets

An asset is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

(i) i t is expected to be realised in, or is intended for sale or consumption in, the Company’s normal operating cycle,

(ii) i t is expected to be realised within twelve months from the reporting date,

(iii) it is held primarily for the purposes of being traded; or

(iv) i t is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

All other assets are classified as non current.

Liabilities

A liability is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

(i) i t is expected to be settled in the Company’s normal operating cycle;

(ii) i t is due to be settled within twelve months from the reporting date;

(iii) it is held primarily for the purposes of being traded; or

(iv) the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for atleast twelve months from the reporting date.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

Operating cycle

Operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents.

Based on the nature of operations and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of current - non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

(b) Foreign currency

(i) Foreign currency transactions

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are generally recognised in statement of profit or loss. They are deferred in equity if they relate to qualifying cash flow hedges and qualifying net investment hedges or are attributable to part of the net investment in a foreign operation. A monetary item for which settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future is considered as a part of the entity’s net investment in that foreign operation.

Foreign exchange differences regarded as an adjustment to borrowing costs are presented in the statement of profit and loss, within finance costs. All other foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the statement of profit and loss on a net basis within other gains/(losses).

Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. Translation differences on assets and liabilities carried at fair value are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss. For example, translation differences on non-monetary assets and liabilities such as equity instruments held at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in the statement of profit or loss as part of the fair value gain or loss and translation differences on non-monetary assets such as equity investments classified as FVOCI are recognised in other comprehensive income.

(ii) Foreign operations

The results and financial position of foreign operations related to branches (none of which has the currency of a hyperinflationary economy) that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:

- assets and liabilities are translated into INR, the functional currency of the Company, at the exchange rates at the reporting date.

- The income and expenses of foreign operations are translated into INR at the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions or an average rate if the average rate approximates the actual rate at the date of the transaction, and

- All resulting exchange differences are recognised in foreign currency translation reserve (FCTR) through the other comprehensive income.

Exchange differences arising from the translation of any net investment in foreign entities, and of borrowings and other financial instruments designated as hedges of such investments, are recognised in other comprehensive income.

When a foreign operation is sold, the associated exchange differences are reclassified to profit or loss, as part of the gain or loss on sale.

Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign operation are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at the closing rate.

(c) Revenue recognition

(i) Construction Revenue

Revenue from contracts is recognised based on the stage of completion determined with refrence to the costs incurred on contracts and their estimated total costs. Estimates of revenues, costs or extent of progress toward completion are revised if circumtances change. Any resulting increases or decreases in estimated revenues or costs are reflected in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the circumtances that give rise to the revision becomes known by management.

When it is probable that the total contract cost will exceed total contract revenue, expected loss is recognised as an expense immediately. Total contract cost is determined based on technical and other assessment of cost to be incurred. Liquidated damages/penalties are accounted as per the contract terms whenever there is a delayed delivery attributable to the Company.

When the outcome of a construction contract cannot be estimated reliably, contract revenue is recognised only to the extent of contract costs incurred that are likely to be recoverable.

Variations in contract work, claims, incentive payments are included in contract revenue to the extent that may have been agreed with the customer and are capable of being reliably measured.

The profits on contracts are recognised only when outcome of the contract is reasonably certain.

Revenue excludes sales tax/value added tax, service tax and goods & service tax charged to customer.

Revenue from contracts awarded to a Jointly Controlled Entity but executed by the Company under the arrangement with the Joint Venture Partner (being in substance in the nature of Jointly Controlled Operations, in terms of Ind AS Accounting Standard) is recognised on the same basis as similar contracts independently executed by the company.

(ii) Dividend Income

Dividend Income is accounted when the right to receive the same is established.

(iii) Interest Income or expenses

Interest income or expense is accounted basis effective interest rate (EIR). The ‘effective interest rate’ is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument to:

- t he gross carrying amount of the financial asset; or

- the amortised cost of the financial liability.

I n calculating interest income and expense, the effective interest rate is applied to the gross carrying amount of the asset (when the asset is not credit-impaired) or to the amortised cost of the liability. However, for financial assets that have become credit-impaired subsequent to initial recognition, interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset. If the asset is no longer credit-impaired, then the calculation of interest income reverts to the gross basis.

(iv) Rental Income

Rental Income from investment property is recognised in statement of profit and loss on straight-line basis over the term of the lease except where the rentals are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation.

(d) Income tax

I ncome tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. It is recognised in statement of profit and loss except to the extent that it relates to an item recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

(i) Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any, related to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts, and it is intended to realise the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.

Minimum Alternate Tax (‘MAT’) under the provisions of Income-tax Act, 1961 is recognised as current tax in the statement of profit and loss. MAT paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is a convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal tax. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as an asset in the balance sheet when it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company.

Current tax assets and liabilities are offset only if, the Company:

a) has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts; and

b) intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

(ii) Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognised in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits. Deferred tax is not recognised for:

- temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction;

- temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and

- taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. The existence of unused tax losses is strong evidence that future taxable profit may not be available. Therefore, in case of a history of recent losses, the Company recognises a deferred tax asset only to the extent that it has sufficient taxable temporary differences or there is convincing other evidence that sufficient taxable profit will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realised. Deferred tax assets - unrecognised or recognised, are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognised/ reduced to the extent that it is probable/ no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realised.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realised simultaneously.

(e) Leases

(i) Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease

At inception of an arrangement, it is determined whether the arrangement is or contains a lease.

At inception or on reassessment of the arrangement that contains a lease, the payments and other consideration required by such an arrangement are separated into those for the lease and those for other elements on the basis of their relative fair values. If it is concluded for a finance lease that it is impracticable to separate the payments reliably, then an asset and a liability are recognised at an amount equal to the fair value of the underlying asset. The liability is reduced as payments are made and an imputed finance cost on the liability is recognised using the incremental borrowing rate.

(ii) Assets held under leases

Leases of property, plant and equipment that transfer to the Company substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. The leased assets are measured initially at an amount equal to the lower of their fair value and the present value of the minimum lease Payments. Subsequent to initial recognition, the assets are accounted for in accordance with the accounting policy applicable to similar owned assets.

Assets held under leases that do not transfer to the Company substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership (i.e. operating leases) are not recognised in the Company’s Balance Sheet.

(iii) Lease payments As a lessee

Payments made under operating leases are generally recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease unless such payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increases.

Lease incentives received are recognised as an integral part of the total lease expense over the term of the lease.

Minimum lease payments made under finance leases are apportioned between the finance charge and the reduction of the outstanding liability. The finance charge is allocated to each period during the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.

As a lessor

Lease income from operating leases where the Company is a lessor is recognised in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases. The respective leased assets are included in the balance sheet based on their nature.

(f) Impairment of non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Company’s non-financial assets, investment property, and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated.

For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows are grouped together into cash-generating units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.

The recoverable amount of a CGU (or an individual asset) is the higher of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the CGU (or the asset).

An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

I mpairment loss recognised in respect of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets of the CGU (or group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.

In respect of assets for which impairment loss has been recognised in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

(g) Cash and cash equivalents

For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other shortterm, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities in the balance sheet.

(h) Trade receivables

Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less provision for expected credit loss.

(i) Inventories

Construction materials and spares, tools and stores, are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost of construction materials comprises cost of purchases. Cost of inventories also include all other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost includes the reclassification from equity of any gains or losses on qualifying cash flow hedges relating to purchases of raw material but excludes borrowing costs. Costs are assigned to individual items of inventory on the basis of weighted average costs (WAC) (Refer note 9). Costs of purchased inventory are determined after deducting rebates and discounts. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(j) Financial instruments

Recognition and initial measurement

Trade receivables and debt securities issued are initially recognised when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of long term investments is made only if such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the Management.

A financial asset or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue.

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Financial instruments also include derivative contracts such as foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and currency options; and embedded derivatives in the host contract.

Classification and subsequent measurement

(i) Financial assets Classification

The Company shall classify financial assets as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss on the basis of its business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

Debt instruments at amortised cost

1. A ‘debt instrument’ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise to cash flows on specified dates that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

2. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

3. Debt instruments included within the fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL) category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company’s balance sheet) when:

1. The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

2. The Company has transferred its rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

3. When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

4. Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind-AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

1. Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g., loans, debt securities, deposits, and bank balance.

2. Lease receivables.

3. Trade receivables

4. Accrued value of work done

The Company follows ‘simplified approach’ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on:

i. Trade receivables which do not contain a significant financing component.

ii. Accrued value of work done which do not contain a significant financing component.

iii. All lease receivables resulting from transactions.

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

(ii) Financial liabilities

Classification

The Company classifies all financial liabilities as subsequently measured at amortised cost, except for financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss. Such liabilities, including derivatives that are liabilities, shall be subsequently measured at fair value.

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind-AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind-AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognised in OCI. These gains/loss are not subsequently transferred to profit and loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit and loss.

Loans and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. Gains and losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the liabilities are derecognised.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

This category generally applies to interest-bearing loans and borrowings.

Derecognition

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

(k) Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

(l) Property, plant and equipment

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost, which includes capitalised borrowing costs, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items. Cost may also include transfers from equity of any gains or losses on qualifying cash flow hedges of foreign currency purchases of property, plant and equipment.

Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognised when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the statement of profit and loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their cost, net of their residual values, over their estimated useful lives or, in the case of certain leased furniture, fittings and equipment, the shorter lease term as follows:

Class of assets

Useful life as per Schedule II

- Office building 60 years

- Store building 3 years

- Plant and equipment 10-15 years

- Furniture and fixtures 10 years

- Vehicles 8-10 years

- Office equipment 3-10 years

- Electrical installation 10 years

Small assets costing less than INR 20,000 are depreciated at 100% in the year of acquisition.

The property, plant and equipment acquired under finance leases is depreciated over the asset’s useful life or over the shorter of the asset’s useful life and the lease term if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership at the end of the lease term.

The useful lives have been determined based on technical evaluation done by the management’s expert which are higher than those specified by Schedule II to the Companies Act; 2013, in order to reflect the actual usage of the assets. The residual values are not more than 5% of the original cost of the asset.

The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are included in the statement of profit and loss within other gains/(losses).

Reclassification to investment property

When the use of a property changes from owner-occupied to investment property, the property is reclassified as investment property at its carrying amount on the date of reclassification.

(m) Investment property

Investment property is property held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes. Upon initial recognition, an investment property is measured initially at its cost, including related transaction costs and where applicable borrowing costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment property is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. All other repairs and maintenance costs are expensed when incurred. When part of an investment property is replaced, the carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised.

Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes a period of 25-40 years as representing the best estimate of the period over which investment properties (which are quite similar) are expected to be used. Accordingly, the Company depreciates investment properties using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an investment property is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

The fair values of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair values is determined by an independent valuer who holds a recognised and relevant professional qualification and has recent experience in the location and category of the investment property being valued.

(n) Intangible assets

Computer software

Costs associated with maintaining software programmes are recognised as an expense as incurred. Development costs that are directly attributable to the design and testing of identifiable and unique software products controlled by the Company are recognised as intangible assets when the following criteria are met:

- i t is technically feasible to complete the software so that it will be available for use

- management intends to complete the software and use or sell it

- there is an ability to use or sell the software

- i t can be demonstrated how the software will generate probable future economic benefits

- adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the software are available, and

- the expenditure attributable to the software during its development can be reliably measured.

Directly attributable costs that are capitalised as part of the software include employee costs and an appropriate portion of relevant overheads.

Capitalised development costs are recorded as intangible assets and amortised from the point at which the asset is available for use.

Amortisation methods and periods

The Company amortises intangible assets with a finite useful life using the straight-line method over the following periods:

- Computer software 3-5 years

(o) Trade and other payables

These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid. The amounts are unsecured and are usually paid within 30 days of recognition. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

(p) Borrowings

Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognised in the statement of profit and loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method (EIR). Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognised as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the draw down occurs. To the extent there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is capitalised as a prepayment for liquidity services and amortised over the period of the facility to which it relates.

Borrowings are removed from the balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any noncash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss as other gains/(losses).

Where the terms of a financial liability are renegotiated and the entity issues equity instruments to a creditor to extinguish all or part of the liability (debt for equity swap), a gain or loss is recognised in the statement of profit and loss, which is measured as the difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability and the fair value of the equity instruments issued.

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period. Where there is a breach of a material provision of a longterm loan arrangement on or before the end of the reporting period with the effect that the liability becomes payable on demand on the reporting date, the entity does not classify the liability as current, if the lender agreed, after the reporting period and before the approval of the financial statements for issue, not to demand payment as a consequence of the breach.

(q) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs are interest and other costs (including exchange differences relating to foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs) incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition or construction of an asset which necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised as part of the cost of that asset.

General and specific borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale.

i nvestment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.

Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

(r) Provisions

Provisions for legal claims, service warranties are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.

Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognised even if the likelihood of an outflow with respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small.

Provisions are measured at the present value of management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as interest expense.

(s) Employee benefits

(i) Short-term employee benefits

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including nonmonetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees’ services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.

(ii) Other long-term employee benefits

The liabilities for earned leave and sick leave are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. They are therefore measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period based on independent actuarial valuation. The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the balance sheet if the entity does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting period, regardless of when the actual settlement is expected to occur.

(iii) Post-employment benefits

The Company operates the following post-employment schemes:

(a) defined benefit plans such as gratuity and

(b) defined contribution plans such as provident fund and superannuation fund

Pension and gratuity obligations

The liability or asset recognised in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit pension and gratuity plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method.

Gratuity liability is covered by payment there of to Gratuity fund, the defined benefit plan under Group Gratuity Cash Accumulation Scheme of LIC of India under irrevocable trust. The present value of the defined benefit obligation denominated in INR is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. The benefits which are denominated in currency other than INR, the cash flows are discounted using market yields determined by reference to high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid, and that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the statement of profit and loss.

Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income (OCI). They are included in actuarial loss on defined plan liability in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss as past service cost.

Defined contribution plans

The Company pays provident fund contributions to publicly administered provident funds and employee state insurance corporation (ESIC) as per local regulations. The company also pays superannuation fund to LIC of India. The Company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are accounted for as defined contribution plans and the contributions are recognised as employee benefit expense when they are due. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments is available.

Employee options

The fair value of options granted under the Company’s Employee Option Plan is recognised as an employee benefits expense with a corresponding increase in equity. The total amount to be expensed is determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted:

- i ncluding any market performance conditions (e.g., the entity’s share price)

- excluding the impact of any service and non-market performance vesting conditions (e.g. profitability, sales growth targets and remaining an employee of the entity over a specified time period), and

- i ncluding the impact of any non-vesting conditions (e.g. the requirement for employees to save or holdings shares for a specific period of time).

The total expense is recognised over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified vesting conditions are to be satisfied. At the end of each period, the entity revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to vest based on the nonmarket vesting and service conditions. It recognises the impact of the revision to original estimates, if any, in the statement of profit and loss, with a corresponding adjustment to equity.

(iv) Bonus plans

The Company recognises a liability and an expense for bonuses. The Company recognises a provision where contractually obliged or where there is a past practice that has created a constructive obligation.

(v) Termination benefits

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Company recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates: (a) when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and

(b) when the entity recognises costs for a restructuring that is made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer. Benefits falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to present value.

(t) Contributed equity

Equity shares are classified as equity.

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.

(u) Dividends

Provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared, being appropriately authorised and no longer at the discretion of the entity, on or before the end of the reporting period but not distributed at the end of the reporting period.

(v) Earnings per share

(i) Basic earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing:

- the profit attributable to owners of the Company

- by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the financial year, adjusted for bonus elements in equity shares issued during the year.

(ii) Diluted earnings per share

Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in the determination of basic earnings per share to take into account:

- the after income tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares, and

- the weighted average number of additional equity shares that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(w) Statement of cash flows

The Company’s statement of cash flows are prepared using the Indirect method, whereby profit / loss for the period is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and bank balances and short-term fixed bank deposits that are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. These also include bank overdrafts and cash credit facility that form an integral part of the Company’s cash management.

Amendment to Ind AS 7:

The amendment to Ind AS 7 requires the entities to provide disclosures that enable users of financial statements to evaluate changes in liabilities arising from financing activities, including both changes arising from cash flows and non-cash changes, suggesting inclusion of a reconciliation between the opening and closing balances in the Balance Sheet for liabilities arising from financing activities, to meet the disclosure requirement.

(x) Standards issued but not yet effective

Ind AS 115, Revenue from Contracts with Customers :

Ind AS 115, establishes a comprehensive framework for determining whether, how much and when revenue should be recognised. It replaces existing revenue recognition guidance, including Ind AS 18 Revenue and Ind AS 11 Construction Contracts. Ind AS 115 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 April 2018 and will be applied accordingly.

The Company is in the process of evaluating and identifying the key impacts along with transition options to be considered while transiting to Ind AS 115.

Either a full retrospective application or a modified retrospective application is required for annual periods beginning on or after 1 April 2018. The Company may plan to apply the standard retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented in accordance with Ind AS 8, Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors.

(y) Events after reporting date

Where events occurring after the balance sheet date provide evidence of conditions that existed at the end of the reporting period, the impact of such events is adjusted in the financial statements. Otherwise, events after the balance sheet date of material size or nature are only disclosed.


Mar 31, 2017

(a) Segment reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker. The board of directors of the Company has appointed a management review committee which assesses the financial performance and position of the Company and makes strategic decisions. The management review committee, which has been identified as being the chief operating decision maker, consists of the chief executive officer, the chief financial officer and the manager for corporate planning. Refer note 37 for segment information presented.

Current/ non-current classification

The Schedule III to the Act requires assets and liabilities to be classified as either current or non-current.

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

Assets

An asset is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

(i) it is expected to be realised in, or is intended for sale or consumption in, the Company’s normal operating cycle;

(ii) it is expected to be realised within twelve months from the reporting date;

(iii) it is held primarily for the purposes of being traded; or

(iv) it is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

All other assets are classified as non current Liabilities

A liability is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

(i) it is expected to be settled in the Company’s normal operating cycle,

(ii) it is due to be settled within twelve months from the reporting date,

(iii) it is held primarily for the purposes of being traded, or

(iv) the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for atleast twelve months from the reporting date.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

Operating cycle

Operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents.

Based on the nature of operations and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of current - non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

(b) Foreign currency

(i) Foreign currency transactions

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are generally recognised in profit or loss. They are deferred in equity if they relate to qualifying cash flow hedges and qualifying net investment hedges or are attributable to part of the net investment in a foreign operation. A monetary item for which settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future is considered as a part of the entity’s net investment in that foreign operation.

Foreign exchange differences regarded as an adjustment to borrowing costs are presented in the statement of profit and loss, within finance costs. All other foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the statement of profit and loss on a net basis within other gains/(losses).

Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. Translation differences on assets and liabilities carried at fair value are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss. For example, translation differences on non-monetary assets and liabilities such as equity instruments held at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in profit or loss as part of the fair value gain or loss and translation differences on non-monetary assets such as equity investments classified as FVOCI are recognised in other comprehensive income.

(ii) Foreign operations

The results and financial position of foreign operations related to branches (none of which has the currency of a hyperinflationary economy) that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:

- assets and liabilities are translated into INR, the functional currency of the Company, at the exchange rates at the reporting date.

- The income and expenses of foreign operations are translated into INR at the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions or an average rate if the average rate approximates the actual rate at the date of the transaction, and

- All resulting exchange differences are recognised in foreign currency translation reserve (FCTR) through the statement of profit and loss.

Exchange differences arising from the translation of any net investment in foreign entities, and of borrowings and other financial instruments designated as hedges of such investments, are recognised in other comprehensive income. When a foreign operation is sold, the associated exchange differences are reclassified to profit or loss, as part of the gain or loss on sale.

Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign operation are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at the closing rate.

(c) Revenue recognition

(i) Construction Revenue

Revenue from contracts is recognised based on the stage of completion determined with refrence to the costs incurred on contracts and their estimated total costs. Estimates of revenues, costs or extent of progress toward completion are revised if circumtances change. Any resulting increases or decreases in estimated revenues or costs are reflected in profit or loss in the period in which the circumtances that give rise to the revision becomes known by management.

When it is probable that the total contract cost will exceed total contract revenue, expected loss is recognised as an expense immediately. Total contract cost is determined based on technical and other assessment of cost to be incurred. Liquidated damages/penalties are accounted as per the contract terms whenever there is a delayed delivery attributable to the Company.

When the outcome of a construction contract cannot be estimated reliably, contract revenue is recognised only to the extent of contract costs incurred that are likely to be recoverable.

Variations in contract work, claims, incentive payments are included in contract revenue to the extent that may have been agreed with the customer and are capable of being reliably measured.

The profits on contracts are recognised only when outcome of the contract is reasonably certain.

Revenue excludes sales tax/value added tax and service tax charged to customer.

Revenue from contracts awarded to a Jointly Controlled Entity but executed by the Company under the arrangement with the Joint Venture Partner (being in substance in the nature of Jointly Controlled Operations, in terms of Ind AS Accounting Standard is recognised on the same basis as similar contracts independently executed by the company.

(ii) Dividend Income

Dividend Income is accounted when the right to receive the same is established.

(iii) Interest Income or expenses

Interest income or expense is accounted basis effective interest rate.

The ‘effective interest rate’ is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument to:

- the gross carrying amount of the financial asset; or

- the amortised cost of the financial liability.

In calculating interest income and expense, the effective interest rate is applied to the gross carrying amount of the asset (when the asset is not credit-impaired) or to the amortised cost of the liability. However, for financial assets that have become credit-impaired subsequent to initial recognition, interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset. If the asset is no longer credit-impaired, then the calculation of interest income reverts to the gross basis.

(iv) Rental Income

Rental Income from investment property is recognised in statement of profit and loss on straight-line basis over the term of the lease except where the rentals are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation.

(d) Income tax

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognised in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to an item recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

(i) Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any, related to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts, and it is intended to realise the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.

Minimum Alternate Tax (‘MAT’) under the provisions of Income-tax Act, 1961 is recognised as current tax in the statement of profit and loss. MAT paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is a convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal tax. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as an asset in the balance sheet when it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company.

Current tax assets and liabilities are offset only if, the Company:

a) has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts; and

b) intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

(ii) Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognised in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits. Deferred tax is not recognised for:

- temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction,

- temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and

- taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. The existence of unused tax losses is strong evidence that future taxable profit may not be available. Therefore, in case of a history of recent losses, the Company recognises a deferred tax asset only to the extent that it has sufficient taxable temporary differences or there is convincing other evidence that sufficient taxable profit will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realised. Deferred tax assets - unrecognised or recognised, are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognised/ reduced to the extent that it is probable/ no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realised.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realised simultaneously.

(e) Leases

(i) Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease

At inception of an arrangement, it is determined whether the arrangement is or contains a lease.

At inception or on reassessment of the arrangement that contains a lease, the payments and other consideration required by such an arrangement are separated into those for the lease and those for other elements on the basis of their relative fair values. If it is concluded for a finance lease that it is impracticable to separate the payments reliably, then an asset and a liability are recognised at an amount equal to the fair value of the underlying asset. The liability is reduced as payments are made and an imputed finance cost on the liability is recognised using the incremental borrowing rate.

(ii) Assets held under leases

Leases of property, plant and equipment that transfer to the Company substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases.

The leased assets are measured initially at an amount equal to the lower of their fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments. Subsequent to initial recognition, the assets are accounted for in accordance with the accounting policy applicable to similar owned assets.

Assets held under leases that do not transfer to the Company substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership (i.e. operating leases) are not recognised in the Company’s Balance Sheet.

(iii) Lease payments

As a lessee

Payments made under operating leases are generally recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease unless such payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increases.

Lease incentives received are recognised as an integral part of the total lease expense over the term of the lease.

Minimum lease payments made under finance leases are apportioned between the finance charge and the reduction of the outstanding liability. The finance charge is allocated to each period during the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.

As a lessor

Lease income from operating leases where the Company is a lessor is recognised in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases. The respective leased assets are included in the balance sheet based on their nature.

(f) Impairment of non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Company’s non-financial assets, investment property, and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated.

For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows are grouped together into cash-generating units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.

The recoverable amount of a CGU (or an individual asset) is the higher of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the CGU (or the asset).

An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Impairment loss recognised in respect of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets of the CGU (or group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.

In respect of assets for which impairment loss has been recognised in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

(g) Cash and cash equivalents

For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other shortterm, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities in the balance sheet.

(h) Trade receivables

Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment.

(i) Inventories

Construction materials and spares, tools and stores, are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost of construction materials comprises cost of purchases. Cost of inventories also include all other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost includes the reclassification from equity of any gains or losses on qualifying cash flow hedges relating to purchases of raw material but excludes borrowing costs. Costs are assigned to individual items of inventory on the basis of FIFO (first in first out). Costs of purchased inventory are determined after deducting rebates and discounts. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(j) Financial instruments

Recognition and initial measurement

Trade receivables and debt securities issued are initially recognised when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of long term investments is made only if such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the Management. A financial asset or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue.

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Financial instruments also include derivative contracts such as foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and currency options; and embedded derivatives in the host contract.

Classification and subsequent measurement

(i) Financial assets

Classification

The Company shall classify financial assets as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss on the basis of its business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

Debt instruments at amortised cost

1. A ‘debt instrument’ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise to cash flows on specified dates that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

2. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the profit or loss.

3. Debt instruments included within the fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL) category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company’s balance sheet) when:

1. The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

2. The Company has transferred its rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset. If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

3. When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

4. Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind-AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

1. Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g., loans, debt securities, deposits, and bank balance.

2. Lease receivables.

3. Trade receivables.

The Company follows ‘simplified approach’ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on:

i. Trade receivables which do not contain a significant financing component.

ii. All lease receivables resulting from transactions.

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

(ii) Financial liabilities

Classification

The Company classifies all financial liabilities as subsequently measured at amortised cost, except for financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss. Such liabilities, including derivatives that are liabilities, shall be subsequently measured at fair value.

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind-AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the profit or loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind-AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/ loss are not subsequently transferred to profit and loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit and loss.

Loans and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognized.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

This category generally applies to interest-bearing loans and borrowings.

Derecognition

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire. The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in profit or loss.

(k) Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

(l) Property, plant and equipment

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost, which includes capitalised borrowing costs, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items. Cost may also include transfers from equity of any gains or losses on qualifying cash flow hedges of foreign currency purchases of property, plant and equipment.

Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognised when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to profit or loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

Transition to Ind AS

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment recognised as at 1 April 2015 measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of the property, plant and equipment.

Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their cost, net of their residual values, over their estimated useful lives or, in the case of certain leased furniture, fittings and equipment, the shorter lease term as follows:

- Buildings 60 years

- Machinery 10-15 years

- Heavy Vehicles 10 years

- Furniture, fittings and equipment 10years

The property, plant and equipment acquired under finance leases is depreciated over the asset’s useful life or over the shorter of the asset’s useful life and the lease term if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership at the end of the lease term.

The useful lives have been determined based on technical evaluation done by the management’s expert which are higher than those specified by Schedule II to the Companies Act; 2013, in order to reflect the actual usage of the assets. The residual values are not more than 5% of the original cost of the asset.

The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period. An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are included in profit or loss within other gains/(losses).

Reclassification to investment property When the use of a property changes from owner-occupied to investment property, the property is reclassified as investment property at its carrying amount on the date of reclassification.

(m) Investment property

Investment property is property held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes. Upon initial recognition, an investment property is measured initially at its cost, including related transaction costs and where applicable borrowing costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment property is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. All other repairs and maintenance costs are expensed when incurred. When part of an investment property is replaced, the carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised.

Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes a period of 25-40 years as representing the best estimate of the period over which investment properties (which are quite similar) are expected to be used. Accordingly, the Company depreciates investment properties using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an investment property is recognised in profit or loss.

The fair values of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair values is determined by an independent valuer who holds a recognised and relevant professional qualification and has recent experience in the location and category of the investment property being valued.

Transition to Ind AS

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its investment property recognised as at 1 April 2015, measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of such investment property.

(n) Intangible assets

Computer software

Costs associated with maintaining software programmes are recognised as an expense as incurred. Development costs that are directly attributable to the design and testing of identifiable and unique software products controlled by the Company are recognised as intangible assets when the following criteria are met:

- it is technically feasible to complete the software so that it will be available for use

- management intends to complete the software and use or sell it

- there is an ability to use or sell the software

- it can be demonstrated how the software will generate probable future economic benefits

- adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the software are available, and

- the expenditure attributable to the software during its development can be reliably measured.

Directly attributable costs that are capitalised as part of the software include employee costs and an appropriate portion of relevant overheads.

Capitalised development costs are recorded as intangible assets and amortised from the point at which the asset is available for use.

Amortisation methods and periods

The Company amortises intangible assets with a finite useful life using the straight-line method over the following periods:

- Computer software 3 years

Transition to Ind AS

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its intangible assets recognised as at 1 April 2015, measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of such intangible assets.

(o) Trade and other payables

These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid. The amounts are unsecured and are usually paid within 30 days of recognition. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

(p) Borrowings

Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognised in profit or loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method. Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognised as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the draw down occurs. To the extent there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is capitalised as a prepayment for liquidity services and amortised over the period of the facility to which it relates.

Preference shares, which are mandatorily redeemable on a specific date, are classified as liabilities. The dividends on these preference shares are recognised in profit or loss as finance costs.

The fair value of the liability portion of an optionally convertible bonds is determined using a market interest rate for an equivalent non-convertible bonds. This amount is recorded as a liability on an amortised cost basis until extinguished on conversion or redemption of the bonds. The remainder of the proceeds is attributable to the equity portion of the compound instrument. This is recognised and included in shareholders’ equity, net of income tax effects, and not subsequently remeasured.

Borrowings are removed from the balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any noncash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognised in profit or loss as other gains/(losses).

Where the terms of a financial liability are renegotiated and the entity issues equity instruments to a creditor to extinguish all or part of the liability (debt for equity swap), a gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss, which is measured as the difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability and the fair value of the equity instruments issued.

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period. Where there is a breach of a material provision of a long term loan arrangement on or before the end of the reporting period with the effect that the liability becomes payable on demand on the reporting date, the entity does not classify the liability as current, if the lender agreed, after the reporting period and before the approval of the financial2 statements for issue, not to demand payment as a consequence of the breach.

(q) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs are interest and other costs (including exchange differences relating to foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs) incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition or construction of an asset which necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised as part of the cost of that asset. General and specific borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale.

Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.

Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

(r) Provisions

Provisions for legal claims, service warranties are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an out flow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.

Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognised even if the likelihood of an outflow with respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small.

Provisions are measured at the present value of management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as interest expense.

(s) Employee benefits

(i) Short-term employee benefits

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including nonmonetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees’ services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.

(ii) Other long-term employee benefits

The liabilities for earned leave and sick leave are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. They are therefore measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period based on independent actuarial valuation. The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in profit or loss.

The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the balance sheet if the entity does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting period, regardless of when the actual settlement is expected to occur.

(iii) Post-employment benefits

The Company operates the following post-employment schemes:

(a) defined benefit plans such as gratuity and

(b) defined contribution plans such as provident fund and superannuation fund

Pension and gratuity obligations

The liability or asset recognised in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit pension and gratuity plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method.

Gratuity liability is covered by payment there of to Gratuity fund, the defined benefit plan under Group Gratuity Cash Accumulation Scheme of LIC of India under irrevocable trust. The present value of the defined benefit obligation denominated in INR is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. The benefits which are denominated in currency other than INR, the cash flows are discounted using market yields determined by reference to high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid, and that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the statement of profit and loss.

Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in profit or loss as past service cost.

Defined contribution plans

The Company pays provident fund contributions to publicly administered provident funds as per local regulations and company also pays superannuation fund to LIC of India . The Company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are accounted for as defined contribution plans and the contributions are recognised as employee benefit expense when they are due. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments is available.

Employee options

The fair value of options granted under the Company’s Employee Option Plan is recognised as an employee benefits expense with a corresponding increase in equity. The total amount to be expensed is determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted:

- including any market performance conditions (e.g., the entity’s share price)

- excluding the impact of any service and nonmarket performance vesting conditions (e.g. profitability, sales growth targets and remaining an employee of the entity over a specified time period), and

- including the impact of any non-vesting conditions (e.g. the requirement for employees to save or holdings shares for a specific period of time).

The total expense is recognised over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified vesting conditions are to be satisfied. At the end of each period, the entity revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to vest based on the non-market vesting and service conditions. It recognises the impact of the revision to original estimates, if any, in profit or loss, with a corresponding adjustment to equity.

(iv) Bonus plans

The Company recognises a liability and an expense for bonuses. The Company recognises a provision where contractually obliged or where there is a past practice that has created a constructive obligation.

(v) Termination benefits

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Company recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates: (a) when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and

(b) when the entity recognises costs for a restructuring that is made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer. Benefits falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to present value.

(t) Contributed equity

Equity shares are classified as equity.

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.

(u) Dividends

Provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared, being appropriately authorised and no longer at the discretion of the entity, on or before the end of the reporting period but not distributed at the end of the reporting period.

(v) Earnings per share

(i) Basic earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing:

- the profit attributable to owners of the Company

- by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the financial year, adjusted for bonus elements in equity shares issued during the year and excluding treasury shares.

(ii) Diluted earnings per share

Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in the determination of basic earnings per share to take into account:

- the after income tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares, and

- the weighted average number of additional equity shares that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(w) Statement of cash flows

The company’s statements of cash flows are prepared using the Indirect method, whereby profit for the period is adjusted for the effect of transaction of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payment and item of income or expenses associated with investing or finacing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and fianacing activities of the Comapany are segregated.

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and bank balances and short-term fixed bank deposits that are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. These also include bank overdrafts and cash credit facility that form an intergral part of the company’s cash management.

(x) Events after reporting date

Where events occuring after the balance sheet date provide evidence of conditions that existed at the end of the reporting period, the impact of such events is adjusted with the consolidated IND AS financial statements. Otherwise, events after the balance sheet date of material size or nature are only disclosed.


Mar 31, 2016

i Basis of Accounting

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, on accrual basis, in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in India and applicable Accounting Standards referred to under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014.

ii Use of Estimates

The presentation of financial statements requires certain estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Difference between the actual result and estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known / materialized.

iii Revenue Recognition

a. Construction Revenue

Running Account Bills for work completed are recognized on percentage of completion method based on completion of physical proportion of the contract work. Income on account of claims and extra item work are recognized to the extent Company expects reasonable certainty about receipts or acceptance from the client. When it is probable that total contract cost will exceed the total contract revenue, the expected loss is recognized immediately.

b. Others

Dividends are recorded when the right to receive the payment is established. Interest income is recognized in time proportionate basis.

iv Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation less impairment losses, if any. Cost is inclusive of all identifiable expenditure incurred to bring the assets to their working condition for intended use. When an asset is disposed off, demolished or destroyed, the cost and related depreciation are removed from the books of accounts and resultant profit or loss, is reflected in the Statement of Profit & Loss. Direct cost as well as related incidental and identifiable expenses incurred on acquisition of fixed assets that are not yet ready for their intended use or put to use as at the Balance Sheet date are stated as Capital Work in Progress.

v Depreciation / Amortization

i. Tangible Assets :

Depreciation on tangible assets is provided for on the basis of straight-line method on pro-rata as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 or as per the useful life assessed by the management based on technical evaluation which is not longer than useful life specified in Schedule-II as follows :

(a) Useful life of Cribs classified under Plant & Equipment assessed 3 years in place of 12 years as per Schedule II

(b) Useful life of several Plant & Equipments assessed 10 years in place of 12 years as per Schedule II

ii. Intangible Assets :

Depreciation on intangible assets is provided on straight line method over the estimated useful life of 3 years.

vi Impairment of Fixed Assets

The carrying cost of assets is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment of assets and if any indication exists, the recoverable value of such assets is estimated. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying cost of assets exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is reversed, if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount and recognized in compliance with AS - 28.

vii Investments

Investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of long term investments is made, only if such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the Management.

viii Retirement Benefits

a. Gratuity liability is covered by payment thereof to Gratuity fund, the defined benefit plan under Group Gratuity Cash Accumulation Scheme of Life Insurance Corporation of India and SBI Life Insurance under irrevocable trust. The Company''s liability towards gratuity are determined on the basis of actuarial valuation done by independent actuary.

b. Contribution to Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund, the defined contribution plans as per the schemes are charged to the Statement of Profit & Loss.

c. Provision for Leave encashment liability is made based on actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date.

d. All other short-term benefits for employees are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit & Loss of the year in which the related service is rendered.

ix Inventories

a. Construction materials, stores, spares and tools are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost include cost of purchase and other expenses incurred in bringing inventory to their respective present location and condition. Cost is determined using FIFO method of inventory valuation.

b. Work-in-progress is valued at lower of cost or net realizable value.

x Provision for Taxes

a. Current Tax:

Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of estimated taxable income and tax credit computed in accordance with provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

b. Deferred Tax:

Deferred tax is recognized, on timing differences, being the difference between the taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. It is calculated using the applicable tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted as on the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets which arises mainly on account of unabsorbed business losses and payments u/s. 40(a)(ia) & 43B of the Income Tax Act, 1961 are recognized and carried forward only to the extent that there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

xi Foreign Currency

a. Transactions denominated in Foreign Currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction.

b. In respect of transactions covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the date of the transaction is recognized as income or expense over the life of the contract. Any income or expense on account of exchange rate difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Statement of Profit & Loss.

c. Assets & Liabilities remaining unsettled at the end of the year, other than covered by forward exchange contracts are translated at exchange rate prevailing at the end of the year and the difference is adjusted in the Statement of Profit & Loss.

d. Translation of overseas projects of non-integral foreign operations:

i Assets and liabilities at the rates prevailing at the end of the year.

ii Income and expenses at annual average of daily exchange rate prevailing for the transaction balances.

iii Resulting exchange differences are accumulated in foreign currency translation reserve account.

xii Borrowing Costs

Borrowing Costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that takes necessarily substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

xiii Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and that probably requires an outflow of resources.

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. Where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no disclosure is made.

Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.

xiv Accounting for Project Mobilization expenses

Expenditure incurred on creation of site infrastructures is written off in proportion to work done at respective sites so as to absorb such expenditure during the tenure of the contract.

xv Balance of Receivables

Trade receivables of the clients in these accounts are disclosed net of advances outstanding at the year end from the respective clients.

xvi Other Accounting Policies

Accounting Policies not specifically referred to, are consistent with the generally accepted accounting practices.

The Company has allotted 74,62,686 Equity Shares of the face value of '' 10/- each at a price of '' 201/- per share (including premium of '' 191/- per share) under Rights Issue in the ratio of 2 Equity Shares against 7 Equity Shares held by the shareholders in terms of Letter of Offer dated January 14, 2016. The said new shares will rank pari-passu with the existing equity shares in all respect.


Mar 31, 2015

I Basis of Accounting

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, on accrual basis, in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in India and applicable Accounting Standards referred to under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014.

ii Use of Estimates

The presentation of financial statements requires certain estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Difference between the actual result and estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known / materialized.

iii Revenue Recognition

a. Construction Revenue

Running Account Bills for work completed are recognized on percentage of completion method based on completion of physical proportion of the contract work. Income on account of claims and extra item work are recognized to the extent Company expects reasonable certainty about receipts or acceptance from the client. When it is probable that total contract cost will exceed the total contract revenue, the expected loss is recognized immediately.

b. Others

Dividends are recorded when the right to receive the payment is established. Interest income is recognized in time proportionate basis.

iv Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation less impairment losses, if any. Cost is inclusive of all identifiable expenditure incurred to bring the assets to their working condition for intended use. When an asset is disposed off, demolished or destroyed, the cost and related depreciation are removed from the books of accounts and resultant profit or loss, is reflected in the Statement of Profit & Loss. Direct cost as well as related incidental and identifiable expenses incurred on acquisition of fixed assets that are not yet ready for their intended use or put to use as at the Balance Sheet date are stated as Capital Work in Progress.

v Depreciation / Amortization

i. Tangible Assets :

Depreciation on tangible assets is provided for on the basis of straight-line method on pro rata as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 or as per the useful life assessed by the management based on technical evaluation which is not longer than useful life specified in schedule-II as follows:

(a) Useful life of Plant & Equipment assessed 3 years in place of 12 years as per schedule II

(b) Useful life of several Plant & Equipments assessed 10 years in place of 12 years as per schedule II

ii. Intangible Assets :

Depreciation on intangible assets is provided on straight line method over the estimated useful life of 3 years.

vi Impairment of Fixed Assets

The carrying cost of assets is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment of assets. If any indication exists, the recoverable value of such assets is estimated. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying cost of assets exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is reversed, if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount and recognized in compliance with AS - 28.

vii Investments

Investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of long term investments is made only if such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the Management.

viii Retirement Benefits

a. Gratuity liability is covered by payment thereof to Gratuity fund, the defined benefit plan under Group Gratuity Cash Accumulation Scheme of Life Insurance Corporation of India and SBI Life Insurance under irrevocable trust. The Company's liability towards gratuity are determined on the basis of actuarial valuation done by independent actuary.

b. Contribution to Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund, the defined contribution plans as per the schemes are charged to the Statement of Profit & Loss.

c. Provision for Leave encashment liability is made based on actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date.

d. All other short-term benefits for employees are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit & Loss of the year in which the related service is rendered.

ix Inventories

a. Construction materials, stores, spares and tools are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost include cost of purchase and other expenses incurred in bringing inventory to their respective present location and condition. Cost is determined using FIFO method of inventory valuation.

b. Work in progress is valued at lower of cost or net realizable value.

x Provision for Taxes

a. Current Tax:

Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of estimated taxable income and tax credit computed in accordance with provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

b. Deferred Tax:

Deferred tax is recognized, on timing differences, being the difference between the taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. It is calculated using the applicable tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted as on the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets which arises mainly on account of unabsorbed depreciation and payments u/s. 40(a)(ia) & 43B of the Income Tax Act, 1961 are recognized and carried forward only to the extent that there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

xi Foreign Currency

a. Transactions denominated in Foreign Currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction.

b. In respect of transactions covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the date of the transaction is recognized as income or expense over the life of the contract. Any income or expense on account of exchange rate difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Statement of Profit & Loss.

c. Assets & Liabilities remaining unsettled at the end of the year, other than covered by forward exchange contracts are translated at exchange rate prevailing at the end of the year and the difference is adjusted in the Statement of Profit & Loss.

d. Translation of overseas projects of non-integral foreign operations:

i Assets and liabilities at the rates prevailing at the end of the year.

ii Income and expenses at the average exchange rate prevailing for the month of transactions.

iii Resulting exchange differences are accumulated in foreign currency translation reserve account.

xii Borrowing Costs

Borrowing Costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that takes necessarily substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

xiii Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and that probably requires an outflow of resources.

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. Where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no disclosure is made.

xiv Accounting for Project Mobilization expenses

Expenditure incurred on creation of site infrastructures is written off in proportion to work done at respective sites so as to absorb such expenditure during the tenure of the contract.

xv Balance of Receivables

Trade receivables of the clients in these accounts are disclosed net of advances outstanding at the year end from the respective clients.

xvi Other Accounting Policies

Accounting Policies not specifically referred to, are consistent with the generally accepted accounting practices.


Mar 31, 2014

I Basis of Accounting

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, on accrual basis, in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in India and applicable Accounting Standards as notified under section 211 (3C) of the Companies Act, 1956 (which continue to be applicable in light of Section 133 of the Companies Act 2013 in terms of general Circular No. 15/2013 dated 13th September 2013 of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs).

ii Use of Estimates

The presentation of financial statements requires certain estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Difference between the actual result and estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known / materialized.

iii Revenue Recognition

a. Construction Revenue

Running Account Bills for work completed are recognized on percentage of completion method based on completion of physical proportion of the contract work. Income on account of claims and extra item work are recognized to the extent Company expects reasonable certainty about receipts or acceptance from the client. When it is probable that total contract cost will exceed the total contract revenue, the expected loss is recognized immediately.

b. Others

Dividends are recorded when the right to receive the payment is established. Interest income is recognized in time proportionate basis.

iv Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation less impairment losses, if any. Cost is inclusive of all identifiable expenditure incurred to bring the assets to their working condition for intended use. When an asset is disposed off, demolished or destroyed, the cost and related depreciation are removed from the books of accounts and resultant profit or loss, is reflected in the Statement of Profit & Loss. Direct cost as well as related incidental and identifiable expenses incurred on acquisition of fixed assets that are not yet ready for their intended use or put to use as at the Balance Sheet date are stated as Capital Work in Progress.

v Depreciation

Depreciation is provided on the straight line method on all depreciable assets at the rate prescribed in schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 as applicable on pro-rata basis except that,

(a) considering the useful life based on technical evaluation by the management, higher rate than the prescribed rates are applied on a few shuttering items of Machinery @ 30%, on office equipment''s @ 12.5%, on all vehicles @ 15% and on remaining Plant and Machineries which are acquired on or after 1st October, 2005 @ 12.5% and

(b) depreciation on assets of overseas project is provided at the rates as per the requirement of laws of the foreign country. Such rates of depreciation in overseas project are higher than the depreciation rates as prescribed under Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956, as applicable.

vi Impairment of Fixed Assets

The carrying cost of assets is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment of assets. If any indication exists, the recoverable value of such assets is estimated. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying cost of assets exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is reversed, if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount and recognized in compliance with AS - 28.

vii Investments

Investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of long term investments is made only if such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the Management.

viii Retirement Benefits

a. Gratuity liability is covered by payment thereof to Gratuity fund, the defined benefit plan under Group Gratuity Cash Accumulation Scheme of Life Insurance Corporation of India and SBI Life Insurance under irrevocable trust. The Company''s liability towards gratuity are determined on the basis of actuarial valuation done by independent actuary.

b. Contribution to Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund, the defined contribution plans as per the schemes are charged to the Statement of Profit & Loss.

c. Provision for Leave encashment liability is made based on actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date.

d. All other short-term benefits for employees are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit & Loss of the year in which the related service is rendered.

ix Inventories

a. Construction materials, stores, spares and tools are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost include cost of purchase and other expenses incurred in bringing inventory to their respective present location and condition. Cost is determined using FIFO method of inventory valuation.

b. Work in progress is valued at lower of cost or net realizable value.

x Provision for Taxes

a. Current Tax:

Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of estimated taxable income and tax credit computed in accordance with provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

b. Deferred Tax:

Deferred tax is recognized, on timing differences, being the difference between the taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. It is calculated using the applicable tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted as on the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets which arises mainly on account of unabsorbed losses or unabsorbed depreciation are recognized and carried forward only to the extent that there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

xi Foreign Currency

a. Transactions denominated in Foreign Currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction.

b. In respect of transactions covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the date of the transaction is recognized as income or expense over the life of the contract. Any income or expense on account of exchange rate difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Statement of Profit & Loss.

c. Assets & Liabilities remaining unsettled at the end of the year, other than covered by forward exchange contracts are translated at exchange rate prevailing at the end of the year and the difference is adjusted in the Statement of Profit & Loss.

d. Translation of overseas projects of non-integral foreign operations:

i. Assets and liabilities at the rates prevailing at the end of the year.

ii. Income and expenses at the average exchange rate prevailing for the month of transactions.

iii. Resulting exchange differences are accumulated in foreign currency translation reserve account.

xii Borrowing Costs

Borrowing Costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that takes necessarily substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

xiii Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and that probably requires an outflow of resources.

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. Where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no disclosure is made.

xiv Accounting for Project Mobilisation expenses

Expenditure incurred on creation of site infrastructures is written off in proportion to work done at respective sites so as to absorb such expenditure during the tenure of the contract.

xv Balance of Receivables

Trade receivables & Accrued value of work done (Uncertified work done bills), of the clients in these accounts are disclosed net of advances outstanding at the year end from the respective clients.

xvi Other Accounting Policies

Accounting Policies not specifically referred to, are consistent with the generally accepted accounting practices.


Mar 31, 2013

I Accounting Convention

Financial statements are prepared in accordance with applicable Accounting Standards under the historical cost convention on accrual basis.

ii Use of Estimates

The presentation of financial statements requires certain estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Difference between the actual result and estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known / materialized.

iii Revenue Recognition

a. Construction Contracts

Running Account Bills for work completed are recognized on percentage of completion method based on completion of physical proportion of the contract work. Income on account of claims and extra item work are recognized to the extent Company expects reasonable certainty about receipts or acceptance from the client. When it is probable that total contract cost will exceed the total contract revenue, the expected loss is recognized immediately.

b. Others

Dividends are recorded when the right to receive the payment is established. Interest income is recognized in time proportionate basis.

iv Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation less impairment losses, if any. Cost is inclusive of all identifiable expenditure incurred to bring the assets to their working condition for intended use. When an asset is disposed off, demolished or destroyed, the cost and related depreciation are removed from the books of accounts and resultant profit or loss, is reflected in the Statement of Profit & Loss. Direct cost as well as related incidental and identifiable expenses incurred on acquisition of fixed assets that are not yet ready for their intended use or put to use as at the Balance Sheet date are stated as Capital Work in Progress.

v Depreciation

Depreciation is provided on the straight line method on all depreciable assets at the rate prescribed in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 on pro-rata basis except that considering the useful life based on technical evaluation by the management, higher rate than the prescribed rates are applied on a few shuttering items of Machinery @ 30%, on office equipments @ 12.5%, on all vehicles @ 15% and on remaining Plant and Machineries which are acquired on or after 1st October, 2005 @ 12.5% .

vi Impairment of Fixed Assets

The carrying cost of assets is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment of assets. If any indication exists, the recoverable value of such assets is estimated. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying cost of assets exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is reversed, if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount and recognized in compliance with AS - 28.

vii Investments

Investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of long term investments is made only if such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the Management.

viii Retirement Benefits

a. Gratuity liability is covered by payment there of to Gratuity fund, the defined benefit plan under Group Gratuity Cash Accumulation Scheme of Life Insurance Corporation of India and SBI Life Insurance under irrevocable trust. The Company''s liability towards gratuity are determined on the basis of actuarial valuation done by independent actuary. b Contribution to Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund, the defined contribution plans as per the schemes are charged to the Statement of Profit & Loss. c Provision for Leave encashment liability is made based on actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. d All other short-term benefits for employees are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit & Loss of the year in which the related service is rendered.

ix Inventories

a Construction materials, stores, spares and tools are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost include cost of purchase and other expenses incurred in bringing inventory to their respective present location and condition. Cost is determined using FIFO method of inventory valuation. b Work in progress is valued at lower of cost or net realizable value. In case where work is completed but Running Account bill can not be raised on client due to contractual conditions, the work in progress is valued at contract rates.

x Provision for Taxes

a. Current Tax:

Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of estimated taxable income and tax credit computed in accordance with provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

b. Deferred Tax:

Deferred tax is recognized, on timing differences, being the difference between the taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. It is calculated using the applicable tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted as on the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets which arises mainly on account of unabsorbed losses or unabsorbed depreciation are recognized and carried forward only to the extent that there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

xi Foreign Currency Transaction

a Transactions denominated in Foreign Currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction. b In respect of transactions covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the date of the transaction is recognized as income or expense over the life of the contract. Any income or expense on account of exchange rate difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Statement of Profit & Loss. c Assets & Liabilities remaining unsettled at the end of the year, other than covered by forward exchange contracts are translated at exchange rate prevailing at the end of the year and the difference is adjusted in the Statement of Profit & Loss. d Translation of overseas projects of non-integral foreign operations:

i Assets and liabilities at the rates prevailing at the end of the year.

ii Income and expenses at the average exchange rate prevailing for the month of transactions.

iii Resulting exchange differences are accumulated in foreign currency translation reserve account.

xii Borrowing Costs

Borrowing Costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that takes necessarily substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

xiii Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and that probability requires an outflow of resources.

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. Where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no disclosure is made.

xiv Accounting for Project Mobilisation expenses

Expenditure incurred on creation of site infrastructures is written off in proportion to work done at respective sites so as to absorb such expenditure during the tenure of the contract.

xv Balance of Receivables

Trade receivables & Accrued value of work done (Uncertified work done bills), of the clients in these accounts are disclosed net of advances outstanding at the year end from the respective clients.

xvi Other Accounting Policies

Accounting Policies not specifically referred to, are consistent with the generally accepted accounting practices.


Mar 31, 2012

I Accounting Convention

Financial statements are prepared in accordance with applicable Accounting Standards under the historical cost convention on accrual basis.

ii Use of Estimates

The presentation of financial statements requires certain estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Difference between the actual result and estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known / materialized.

iii Revenue Recognition

a. Construction Contracts

Running Account Bills for work completed are recognized on percentage of completion method based on completion of physical proportion of the contract work. Income on account of claims and extra item work are recognized to the extent Company expects reasonable certainty about receipts or acceptance from the client. When it is probable that total contract cost will exceed the total contract revenue, the expected loss is recognized immediately.

b. Others

Dividends are recorded when the right to receive the payment is established. Interest income is recognized in time proportionate basis.

iv Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation less impairment losses, if any. Cost is inclusive of all identifiable expenditure incurred to bring the assets to their working condition for intended use. When an asset is disposed off, demolished or destroyed, the cost and related depreciation are removed from the books of accounts and resultant profit or loss, is reflected in the Statement of Profit & Loss. Direct cost as well as related incidental and identifiable expenses incurred on acquisition of fixed assets that are not yet ready for their intended use or put to use as at the Balance Sheet date are stated as Capital Work in Progress.

v Depreciation

Depreciation is provided on the straight line method on all depreciable assets at the rate prescribed in schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 on pro-rata basis except that considering the useful life based on technical evaluation by the management, higher rate than the prescribed rates are applied on a few shuttering items of Machinery @ 30%, on office equipments @ 12.5%, on all vehicles @ 15% and on remaining Plant and Machineries which are acquired on or after 1st October, 2005 @ 12.5% .

vi Impairment of Fixed Assets

The carrying cost of assets is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment of assets. If any indication exists, the recoverable value of such assets is estimated. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying cost of assets exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is reversed, if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount and recognized in compliance with AS - 28.

vii Investments

Investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of long term investments is made only if such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the Management.

viii Retirement Benefits

a. Gratuity liability is covered by payment thereof to Gratuity fund, the defined benefit plan under Group Gratuity Cash Accumulation Scheme of Life Insurance Corporation of India and SBI Life Insurance under irrevocable trust. The Company's liability towards gratuity are determined on the basis of actuarial valuation done by independent actuary.

b. Contribution to Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund, the defined contribution plans as per the schemes are charged to Statement of Profit & Loss.

c. Provision for Leave encashment liability is made based on actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date.

d. All other short-term benefits for employees are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit & Loss of the year in which the related service is rendered.

ix Inventories

a. Construction materials, stores, spares and tools are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost include cost of purchase and other expenses incurred in bringing inventory to their respective present location and condition. Cost is determined using FIFO method of inventory valuation.

b. Work in progress is valued at lower of cost or net realizable value. In case where work is completed but Running Account bill can not be raised on client due to contractual conditions, the work in progress is valued at contract rates.

x Provision for Taxes

a. Current Tax:

Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of estimated taxable income and tax credit computed in accordance with provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961. b . Deferred Tax:

Deferred tax is recognized, on timing differences, being the difference between the taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. It is calculated using the applicable tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted as on the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets which arises mainly on account of unabsorbed losses or unabsorbed depreciation are recognized and carried forward only to the extent that there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

xi Foreign Currency Transaction

a. Transactions denominated in Foreign Currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction.

b. In respect of transactions covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the date of the transaction is recognized as income or expense over the life of the contract. Any income or expense on account of exchange rate difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in Statement of Profit & Loss.

c. Assets & Liabilities remaining unsettled at the end of the year, other than covered by forward exchange contracts are translated at exchange rate prevailing at the end of the year and the difference is adjusted in Statement of Profit & Loss.

xii Borrowing Costs

Borrowing Costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that takes necessarily substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

xiii Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and that probability requires an outflow of resources.

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. Where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no disclosure is made.

xiv Accounting for Project Mobilisation expenses

Expenditure incurred on creation of site infrastructures is written off in proportion to work done at respective sites so as to absorb such expenditure during the tenure of the contract.

xv Other Accounting Policies

Accounting Policies not specifically referred to, are consistent with the generally accepted accounting practices.


Mar 31, 2011

I Accounting convention

Financial statements are prepared in accordance with applicable Accounting Standards under the historical cost convention on accrual basis.

ii Use of Estimates

The presentation of fnancial statements requires certain estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the fnancial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Difference between the actual result and estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known / materialized.

iii Revenue Recognition

a. construction contracts

Running Account Bills for work completed are recognized on percentage of completion method based on completion of physical proportion of the contract work. Income on account of claims and extra item work are recognized to the extent company expects reasonable certainty about receipts or acceptance from the client. When it is probable that total contract cost will exceed the total contract revenue, the expected loss is recognized immediately.

b. Others

Dividends are recorded when the right to receive the payment is established. Interest income is recognized in time proportionate basis.

iv Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation less impairment losses, if any. cost is inclusive of all identifable expenditure incurred to bring the assets to their working condition for intended use. When an asset is disposed off, demolished or destroyed, the cost and related depreciation are removed from the books of accounts and resultant Profit or loss, is refected in the Profit & Loss Account. Direct cost as well as related incidental and identifable expenses incurred on acquisition of fixed assets that are not yet ready for their intended use or put to use as at the Balance Sheet date are stated as capital Work in Progress.

v Depreciation

Depreciation is provided on the straight line method on all depreciable assets at the rate prescribed in schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 on pro-rata basis except that considering the useful life based on technical evaluation by the management, higher rate than the prescribed rates are applied on a few shuttering items of Machinery @ 30%, on Office equipments @ 12.5%, on all vehicles @ 15% and on remaining Plant and Machineries which are acquired on or after 1st October, 2005 @ 12.5% .

vi Impairment of Fixed Assets

The carrying cost of assets is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment of assets. If any indication exists, the recoverable value of such assets is estimated. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying cost of assets exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is reversed, if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount and recognized in compliance with Accounting Standard - 28.

vii Investments

Investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of long term investments is made only if such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the Management.

viii Retirement Benefts

a. Gratuity liability is covered by payment there of to Gratuity fund, the defned beneft plan under Group Gratuity Cash Accumulation Scheme of Life Insurance corporation of India and SBI Life Insurance under irrevocable trust. The Companys liability towards gratuity are determined on the basis of actuarial valuation done by independent actuary.

b. Contribution to Provident Fund and Super-annuation Fund, the defned contribution plans as per the schemes are charged to Profit & Loss Account.

c. Provision for Leave encashment liability is made based on actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date.

d. All other short-term benefts for employees are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Profit & Loss account of the year in which the related service is rendered.

ix Inventories

a. Construction materials, stores, spares and tools are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost include cost of purchase and other expenses incurred in bringing inventory to their respective present location and condition. Cost is determined using FIFO method of inventory valuation.

b. Work in progress is valued at lower of cost or net realizable value. In case where work is completed but Running Account bill can not be raised on client due to contractual conditions, the work in progress is valued at contract rates.

x Provision for Taxes

a. Current Tax:

Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of estimated taxable income and tax credit computed in accordance with provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

b. Deferred Tax:

Deferred tax is recognized, on timing differences, being the difference between the taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. It is calculated using the applicable tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted as at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets which arises mainly on account of unabsorbed losses or unabsorbed depreciation are recognized and carried forward only to the extent that there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that suffcient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. xi Foreign Currency Transaction

a. Transactions denominated in Foreign Currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction.

b. In respect of transactions covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the date of the transaction is recognized as income or expense over the life of the contract. Any income or expense on account of exchange rate difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in Profit & Loss account.

c. Assets & Liabilities remaining unsettled at the end of the year, other than covered by forward exchange contracts are translated at exchange rate prevailing at the end of the year and the difference is adjusted in Profit & Loss account.

xii Borrowing Costs

Borrowing Costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that takes necessarily substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

xiii Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and that probability requires an outfow of resources. A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outfow of resources. Where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outfow of resources is remote, no disclosure is made.

xiv Accounting for Project Mobilisation expenses Expenditure incurred on mobilization and creation of facilities for site is written off in proportion to work done at respective sites so as to absorb such expenditure during the tenure of the contract.

xv Other Accounting Policies Accounting Policies not specifcally referred to, are consistent with the generally accepted accounting practices.


Mar 31, 2010

I Accounting Convention

Financial statements are prepared in accordance with applicable Accounting Standards under the historical cost convention on accrual basis.

ii Use of Estimates

The presentation of financial statements requires certain estimates and assumptions.These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.Difference between the actual result and estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known /materialized.

iii Revenue Recognition

a.Construction Contracts Running Account Bills for work completed are recognized on percentage of completion method based on-completion of physical proportion of the contract work.Income on account of claims and extra item work are recognized to the extent Company expects reasonable certainty about receipts or acceptance from the client.When it is probable that total contract cost will exceed the total contract revenue,the expected loss is recognized immediately.

b.Others

Dividends are recorded when the right to receive the payment is established.Interest income is recognized in time proportionate basis.

iv.Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation less impairment losses,if any.Cost is inclusive of all identifiable expenditure incurred to bring the assets to their working condition for intended use.When an asset is disposed off,demolished or destroyed,the cost and related depreciation are removed from the books of accounts and resultant profit or loss,is reflected in the Profit &Loss Account.Direct cost as well as related incidental and identifiable expenses incurred on acquisition of fixed assets that are not yet ready for their intended use or put to use as at the Balance Sheet date are stated as Capital Work in Progress.

v Depreciation

Depreciation is provided on the straight -line method on all depreciable assets at the rate prescribed in schedule XIV of the Companies Act,1956 on pro-rata basis except that considering the useful life based on technical evaluation by the management,higher rate than the prescribed rates are applied on a few shuttering items of Machinery @30%,on office equipments @12.5%,on all vehicles @15%and on remaining Plant and Machineries which are acquired on or after 1st October,2005 @12.5%.

vi Impairment of Fixed Assets

The carrying cost of assets is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment of assets.If any indication exists,the recoverable value of such assets is estimated.An impairment loss is recognized,when the carrying cost of assets exceeds its recoverable value.An impairment loss is reversed,if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount and recognized in compliance with AS -28.

vii Investments

Investments are stated at cost.Provision for diminution in the value of long term investments is made,only if,such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the Management.

viii Retirement Benefits

a.Gratuity liability is covered by payment thereof to Gratuity fund,the defined benefit plan under Group Gratuity Cash Accumulation Scheme of Life Insurance Corporation of India and SBI Life Insurance under irrevocable trust.The Companys liability towards gratuity are determined on the basis of actuarial valuation done by independent actuary.

b.Contribution to Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund,the defined contribution plans as per the schemes are charged to Profit &Loss Account.

c.Provision for Leave encashment liability is made based on actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. d.All other short-term benefits for employee are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Profit &Loss account of the year in which the related service is rendered.

ix Inventories

a.Construction materials,stores and spares are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value.Cost include cost of purchase and other expenses incurred in bringing inventory to their respective present location and condition.Cost is determined using FIFO method of inventory valuation.

b.Work in progress is valued at lower of cost or net realizable value.In case where work is completed but Running Account bill can not be raised on client due to contractual conditions,the work in progress is valued at contract rates.

x Provision for Taxes

a.Current Tax:

Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of estimated taxable income and tax credit computed in accordance with provisions of the Income Tax Act,1961.

b.Deferred Tax:

Deferred tax is recognized,on timing differences,being the difference between the taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods.It is calculated using the applicable tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted as on the balance sheet date.Deferred tax assets which arises mainly on account of unabsorbed losses or unabsorbed depreciation are recognized and carried forward only to the extent that there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

xi Foreign Currency Transaction

a.Transactions denominated in Foreign Currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction.

b.In respect of transactions covered by forward exchange contracts,the difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the date of the transaction is recognized as income or expense over the life of the contract.Any income or expense on account of exchange rate difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in Profit &Loss account.

c.Assets &Liabilities other than fixed assets remaining unsettled at the end of the year,other than covered by forward exchange contracts are translated at exchange rate prevailing at the end of the year and the difference is adjusted in Profit &Loss account.

xii Borrowing Costs

Borrowing Costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets.A qualifying asset is one that takes necessarily substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use.All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

xiii Provisions,Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized,when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and that probability requires an outflow of resources. A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may,but probably will not,require an outflow of resources.Where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote,no disclosure is made.

xiv Accounting for Project Mobilisation expenses

Expenditure incurred on mobilization and creation of facilities for site is written off in proportion to work done at respective sites so as to absorb such expenditure during the tenure of the contract.

xv Other Accounting Policies

Accounting Policies not specifically referred to,are consistent with the generally accepted accounting practices.

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