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Accounting Policies of Kirloskar Ferrous Industries Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2023

1) THE CORPORATE OVERVIEW

Kirloskar Ferrous Industries Limited (‘the Company’) was incorporated in the year 1991, a flagship Company of Kirloskar Group, promoted by Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited and Shivaji Works Limited. Shivaji Works Limited was subsequently merged with Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited. The erstwhile Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited now changed its name and is known as Kirloskar Industries Limited.

At present, the Company is the subsidiary of Kirloskar Industries Limited. The Company is having three manufacturing facilities, situated at Koppal district and Chitradurga district in Karnataka State and at Solapur district in Maharashtra State. The Company is engaged in manufacturing of iron castings.

2) BASIS OF PREPARATION

a) Statement of Compliance

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS). Ind AS are notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (“the Act”) read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards), Rules, 2015 as amended from time to time and other relevant provisions of the Act. Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where newly issued accounting standard or revision to existing accounting standards requires changes in the existing accounting policies.

b) Basis of measurement

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following items, which are measured on each reporting date on the basis as explained below:

¦ Certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments) are measured at fair value.

¦ Defined benefit plans - plan assets are measured at fair value.

¦ Equity settled share-based payments - measured at grant date fair value.

c) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current and non-current classification.

An asset is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

¦ It is expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle,

¦ It is held primarily for the purpose of trading,

¦ It is expected to be realised within twelve months from the reporting, or

¦ It is cash or cash equivalents unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after reporting date.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

¦ It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle,

¦ It is held primarily for the purpose of trading.

¦ It is due to be settled within twelve months from the reporting date, or

¦ There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after reporting date.

The Company classifies all other liabilities as noncurrent.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

d) Functional and presentation currency

Company has identified Indian Rupee (INR) as its functional currency. All amounts presented in the Financial Statements including notes have been rounded off to the nearest crores in Indian Rupee as per the requirements of Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013; unless otherwise indicated.

3) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

This note provides a list of the significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

a) Property, plant and equipment

¦ Recognition and measurement

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Cost comprises of purchase price and any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.

Borrowing costs attributable to construction or acquisition of a qualifying asset for the period up to the date, the asset is ready for its intended use are included in the cost of the asset to which they relate.

Pre-operative expenditure including trial run expenses comprising of revenue expenses incurred as reduced by the revenue generated during the period up to the date, the asset is ready for its intended use are treated as part of costs of that asset.

Capital work-in-progress comprises of the cost of property, plant and equipment that are not yet ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date.

Advances paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each reporting date are disclosed under “Other non-current assets”.

Property, Plant and Equipments amounting to INR 0.10 Crore are considered immaterial and expensed out to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

• Subsequent costs

The cost of replacing a part of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in the carrying amount of the item if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within the part will flow to the Company and its cost can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

• Subsequent Measurement

Property, plant and equipment are subsequently measured costs less accumulated depreciation less accumulated impairment losses.

• Derecognition

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains and losses on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and are recognised net and disclosed within other income or expenses in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

• Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value

Depreciation is calculated over the depreciable amount, which is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less its estimated residual value. Depreciation is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of each part of an item of property, plant and equipment as prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act 2013, as assessed by the management of the Company based on technical evaluation except in the case of following assets:

Description

Useful life considered

Justification for deviation

Plant and equipments:

a) Sinter plant

20 years

Based on past history of usage and supported by technical evaluation report

b) Blast furnace and allied machineries used in manufacture of pig Iron

20 years

c) Foundry machineries

20 years

d) Turbo generator

20 years

e) Plant and equipments given under operating lease

5 years

f) Machinery spares and Other Components of PPE.

2 to 10 years

g) Patterns

8 years

Office equipments

Equipment installed at employee’s residence

3 years

As per the terms of Company’s policy

Vehicles

Vehicles given to employees

5 years

As per the terms of Company’s policy

Freehold land is not depreciated.

b) Intangible assets • Recognition and measurement

Intangible assets are recognised when the asset is identifiable, is within the control of the Company, and is probable that the future economic benefits that are

attributable to the asset will flow to the Company and cost of the asset can be reliably measured.

Intangible assets acquired by the Company that have finite useful lives are measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

¦ Derecognition

An item of intangible asset is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains and losses on disposal of intangible asset are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of intangible asset and are recognised net and disclosed within other income or expenses in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

¦ Amortisation

Amortisation is calculated over the cost of the asset, or other amount substituted for cost. Amortisation is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss on a straightline basis over the estimated useful life of intangible assets from the date that they are available for use, since this most closely reflects the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset.

The estimated useful life for current and comparative periods are as follows:

Computer software

6 years

c) Leases

The Company assesses at the inception of the contract whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

''As a lessee

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily

determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments.

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

d) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset or Cash Generating Unit (CGU) may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or CGU’s fair value less costs of disposal or its value in use. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are considered.

Impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. They are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU on a pro rata basis.

¦ Reversal of impairment loss

For assets other than goodwill, an impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised. An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed.

e) Inventories

Raw materials, stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using weighted average method.

Work in process and finished goods other than byproducts are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct material and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overhead based on normal operating capacity.

By-products are valued at net realisable value.

Necessary provisions are made for obsolete and non-moving inventories as per the policy framed by the management and the value of inventory is net of such provision.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

f) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and cash on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

g) Revenue recognition

The Company is in the business of manufacture and sale of iron castings. Sales are recognised when substantial control of the products has been transferred to the customer, being when the products are delivered to the customer or its authorised representative without any unfulfilled obligation that could affect the customer’s acceptance of the products. Revenue from these sales is recognised based on the price specified in the sales order, net of the estimated discounts, rebates, returns and Goods and Service Tax. The Company’s obligation to provide a refund for defects in the products is recognised as a provision. A receivable is recognised when the goods are delivered as this is the point in time that the consideration is unconditional because only the passage of time is required before the payment is due.

The Company does not have any payment terms exceeding one year for any contract. Accordingly, the Company does not adjust any of the transaction prices for the time value of money.

h) Other income

¦ Interest income

Interest income from debt instruments is recognised using Effective Interest Rate method (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability.

¦ Dividends

Dividends are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss only when the right to receive the payment is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company, and the amount can be measured reliably.

¦ Any other incomes are accounted for on accrual basis.

i) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

Borrowing costs that are not directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset, are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

j) Foreign currency transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at exchange rates prevailing at the date of transactions. Exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the year are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies which are outstanding, as at the reporting period are translated at the closing exchange rates and the resultant exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured in terms of historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

k) Employee Benefits

¦ Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as shortterm employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages, expected cost of bonus and short-term compensated absences, ex-gratia, performance pay etc. are recognised in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

¦ Post-employment benefits Defined contribution plans

The Company’s approved superannuation scheme and central provident fund scheme are a defined contribution

plan. The Company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are recognised as employee benefit expenses when they are due.

Defined benefit plans

The employees’ gratuity fund scheme is managed by a trust, is the Company’s defined benefit plan. The present value of the obligation under such defined benefit plans is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method, which recognises each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation.

The obligation is measured at the present value of the estimated future cash flows. The discount rates used for determining the present value of the obligation under defined benefit plans, is based on the market yields on government securities as at the reporting date, having maturity periods approximating to the terms of related obligations.

Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets, are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss in subsequent periods.

In case of funded plans, the fair value of the plan’s assets is reduced from the gross obligation under the defined benefit plans, to recognise the obligation on net basis.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in profit or loss as past service cost.

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or the fair value of the plan asset. The cost is included in employee benefit expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

¦ Other long-term employee benefits

The liabilities for earned leave which are not expected to be settled within twelve months from the date of reporting period in which the employee render the related service are measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employee up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method. The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating the terms of the related obligation. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and change in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the balance sheet if the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement beyond twelve months of the reporting period, regardless of when the actual settlement is expected to occur.

l) Share-based payments

Employees of the Company who are entitled to receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).

¦ Equity-settled transactions

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the grant date using fair valuation model.

That cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company’s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The Statement of Profit and Loss represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and at the end of the period and to be recognised in the employee benefits expense.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

Employee share-based payment reserve with respect to vested options which gets forfeited as per ESOS policy will be transferred to retained earnings.

m) Research and development cost

Revenue expenditure on the research and development is charged off as expense in the year in which incurred. Capital expenditure for research and development activity is grouped with property, plant and equipment under appropriate categories and depreciation is provided as per the applicable rates.

n) Income tax

Income tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax. It is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent that it relates to the items recognised directly in OCI.

Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities based on the taxable profits computed for the current accounting period. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet method on temporary differences between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except when the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised, except when the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

o) Provisions and contingencies

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, and is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

Contingent assets are not recognised in financial statements, unless they are virtually certain. However, contingent assets are disclosed where inflow of economic benefits are probable.

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

p) Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

¦ In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

¦ In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient

data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

¦ Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

¦ Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

¦ Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities based on the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy.

q) Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

¦ Initial recognition and measurement

Financial instruments are initially recognised when the entity becomes party to the contract.

Financial instruments are measured initially at fair value adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the origination of the financial instrument where financial instruments not classified at fair value through profit or loss. Transaction costs of financial instruments which are classified as fair value through profit or loss are expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

¦ Subsequent measurement of financial assets

For the purposes of subsequent measurement, the financial assets are classified in the following categories based on the Company’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of cash flows:

¦ t hose to be measured subsequently at fair value; either through OCI or through profit or loss

¦ those measured at amortised cost

For assets measured at fair value, changes in fair value will either be recorded in the Statement of Profit and Loss or OCI. For investments in debt instruments, this will depend on the business model in which investment is held. For investments in equity instruments, this will depend on whether the Company has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial recognition to account for equity investment at fair value through OCI.

The Company reclassifies debt investments when and only when its business model for managing those assets changes.

Debt instruments at amortised cost

A ‘debt instrument’ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are satisfied:

¦ The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

¦ The contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are Solely Payments of Principal and Interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at amortised cost and is not part of hedging relationship is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method.

Debt instruments at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI)

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets’ cash flows represent SPPI, are measured at FVTOCI. The movements in the carrying amount are recognised through OCI, except for the recognition of impairment gains and losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gain or losses which are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to the Statement of Profit and Loss and recognised in other gains/ losses. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using EIR method.

Debt instruments at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)

Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVTOCI are measured at FVTPL. A gain or loss on debt instrument that is subsequently measured at FVTPL and is not a part of hedging relationship is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss within other gains/ losses in

the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income.

Equity investments

All equity investments in the scope of Ind AS 109 Financial Instruments are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to recognise subsequent changes in the fair value in OCI. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to the Statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of equity instrument.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

¦ Subsequent measurement of financial liabilities

For the purposes of subsequent measurement, the financial liabilities are classified in the following categories:

¦ those to be measured subsequently at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).

¦ those measured at amortised cost.

Following financial liabilities will be classified under FVTPL:

¦ Financial liabilities held for trading.

¦ Derivative financial liabilities.

¦ Liability designated to be measured under FVTPL.

All other financial liabilities are classified at amortised cost.

For financial liabilities measured at fair value, changes in fair value will recorded in the Statement of Profit and Loss except for the fair value changes on account of own credit risk are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI).

Interest expense on financial liabilities classified under amortised cost category are measured using Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method and are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

¦ Derecognition of financial instruments

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retain substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

¦ Impairment of financial assets

The Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the financial assets mentioned below:

¦ Financial assets that are debt instrument and are measured at amortised cost.

¦ Financial assets that are debt instruments and are measured as at FVOCI.

¦ Trade receivables

The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk. Details how the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk is explained in the respective notes.

For impairment of trade receivables, the Company chooses to apply practical expedient of providing expected credit loss based on provision matrix and does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Percentage of ECL under provision matrix is determined based on historical data as well as futuristic information.

¦ Derivative financial instruments

Initial measurement and subsequent measurement

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

r) Dividends

The final dividend on shares is recorded as liability on the date of approval of shareholders, and the interim dividends are recorded as liability on the date of declaration by the Company’s Board of Directors.

s) Earnings per share (EPS)

Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit for the year attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the financial year, adjusted for bonus elements in equity shares issued during the year and excluding treasury shares.

Diluted EPS adjust the figures used in the determination of basic EPS to consider

¦ The after-income tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares, and

¦ The weighted average number of additional equity shares that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

t) Operating Segment

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision-Maker (CODM). The CODM, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the Managing Director who makes strategic decisions.

Identification of Segments

The Company’s operating business predominantly relates to manufacture of iron castings.

u) Government Grant

Grants from the government are recognised at their fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and the Company will comply with all attached conditions.

Government grants relating to income are deferred and recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the

period necessary to match them with the costs that they are intended to compensate and presented within other income.

4) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS, ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Ind AS, requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of revenue, expenses, current assets, non-current assets, current liabilities, non-current liabilities, disclosure of the contingent liabilities and notes to accounts at the end of each reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Judgments

In the process of applying the Company’s accounting policies, management have made the following judgements, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements:

Operating segment

Ind AS 108 Operating Segments requires Management to determine the reportable segments for the purpose of disclosure in financial statements based on the internal reporting reviewed by the Managing Director being the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) to assess performance and allocate resources. The standard also requires Management to make judgments with respect to recognition of segments. Accordingly, the Company recognizes Iron Castings as its sole Segment.

Contingent liability

The Company has received various orders and notices from different Government authorities and tax authorities in respect of direct taxes and indirect taxes. The outcome of these matters may have a material effect on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Management regularly analyses current information about these matters and discloses the information relating to contingent liability. In making the decision regarding the need for creating loss provision, management considers the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and the ability to make a sufficiently reliable estimate of the amount of loss. The filing of a suit or formal assertion of a claim against the Company or the disclosure of any such suit or assertions, does not automatically indicate that a provision of a loss may be appropriate.

Estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its estimates and assumptions on parameters available when the financial statements are prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market conditions or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

Defined benefit obligation

The cost of the defined benefit plans and other postemployment benefits and the present value of the obligations are determined using actuarial valuation. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases, mortality rates and future post-retirement medical benefit increase. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate, management considers the interest rates of government bonds in currencies consistent with the currencies of the post-employment benefit obligations and extrapolated as needed along the yield curve to correspond with the expected term of the defined benefit obligation.

The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. Those mortality tables tend to change only at intervals in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases are based on the expected future inflation rates for the country.

Further details about defined benefit obligations are provided in the respective note.

Deferred Tax

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences including the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits are unused tax losses can be utilized.

Useful lives of Property, plant and equipment

Useful lives of property, plant and equipment are dependent upon an assessment of both the technical lives of the assets and also their likely economic lives based on various internal and external factors including relative efficiency and operating costs. The depreciable lives are reviewed annually using the best information available to the Management.

Estimation and underlying assumptions are reviewed on ongoing basis. Revisions to estimates are recognised prospectively.


Mar 31, 2022

1) THE CORPORATE OVERVIEW

Kirloskar Ferrous Industries Limited (‘the Company’) was incorporated in the year 1991, a flagship Company of Kirloskar Group, promoted by Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited and Shivaji Works Limited. Shivaji Works Limited was subsequently merged with Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited. The erstwhile Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited now changed its name and is known as Kirloskar Industries Limited.

At present, the Company is the subsidiary of Kirloskar Industries Limited. The Company is having three manufacturing facilities, situated at Koppal district and Chitradurga district in Karnataka State and at Solapur district in Maharashtra State. The Company is engaged in manufacturing of iron castings.

2) BASIS OF PREPARATIONa) Statement of Compliance

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS). Ind AS are notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (“the Act”) read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards), Rules, 2015 as amended from time to time and other relevant provisions of the Act. Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where newly issued accounting standard or revision to existing accounting standards requires changes in the existing accounting policies.

b) Basis of measurement

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following items, which are measured on each reporting date on the basis as explained below:

• Certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments) are measured at fair value.

• Defined benefit plans - plan assets are measured at fair value.

• Equity settled share-based payments - measured at grant date fair value.

c) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current and non-current classification.

An asset is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

• It is expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle,

• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading,

• It is expected to be realised within twelve months from the reporting, or

• It is cash or cash equivalents unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after reporting date.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria :

• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle,

• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

• It is due to be settled within twelve months from the reporting date, or

• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after reporting date.

The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

d) Functional and presentation currency

The Company has identified Indian Rupee (INR) as its functional currency. All amounts presented in the Financial Statements including notes have been rounded off to the nearest Crores in Indian Rupee as per the requirements of Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013; unless otherwise indicated.

3) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

This note provides a list of the significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

a) Property, plant and equipment

• Recognition and measurement

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Cost comprises of purchase price and any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.

Borrowing costs attributable to construction or acquisition of a qualifying asset for the period up to the date, the asset is ready for its intended use are included in the cost of the asset to which they relate.

Pre-operative expenditure including trial run expenses comprising of revenue expenses incurred as reduced by the revenue generated during the period up to the date, the asset is ready for its intended use are treated as part of costs of that asset.

Capital work-in-progress comprises of the cost of property, plant and equipment that are not yet ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date.

Advances paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each reporting date are disclosed under “Other non-current assets”.

Spares of Property, Plant and Equipments amounting to f 0.10 Crore are considered immaterial and expensed out to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

• Subsequent costs

The cost of replacing a part of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in the carrying amount of the item if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within the part will flow to the Company and its cost can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

• Subsequent Measurement

Property, plant and equipment are subsequently measured costs less accumulated depreciation less accumulated impairment losses.

• Derecognition

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains and losses on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and are recognised net and disclosed within other income or expenses in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

• Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value

Depreciation is calculated over the depreciable amount, which is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less its estimated residual value. Depreciation is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of each part of an item of property, plant and equipment as prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act 2013, as assessed by the management of the Company based on technical evaluation except in the case of following assets:

Description

Useful life considered

Justification for deviation

Plant and equipments:

a) Sinter plant

20 years

Based on past history of usage and

b) Blast furnace and allied machineries used in

20 years

supported by technical evaluation

manufacture of pig Iron

report

c) Foundry machineries

20 years

d) Turbo generator

20 years

e) Plant and equipments given under operating lease

5 years

f) Machinery spares

2 to 10 years

g) Patterns

8 years

Office equipments

Equipment installed at employee’s residence

3 years

As per the terms of Company’s policy

Vehicles

Vehicles given to employees

5 years

As per the terms of Company’s policy

Freehold land is not depreciated.

b) Intangible assets

• Recognition and measurement

Intangible assets are recognised when the asset is identifiable, is within the control of the Company, and is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the Company and cost of the asset can be reliably measured.

Intangible assets acquired by the Company that have finite useful lives are measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

• Derecognition

An item of intangible asset is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains and losses on disposal of intangible asset are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of intangible asset and are recognised net and disclosed within other income or expenses in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

• Amortisation

Amortisation is calculated over the cost of the asset, or other amount substituted for cost. Amortisation is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of intangible assets from the date that they are available for use, since this most closely reflects the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset.

The estimated useful life for current and comparative periods are as follows:

Computer software 6 years

c) Leases

The Company assesses at the inception of the contract whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

As a lessee

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate

of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments.

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

d) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset or Cash Generating Unit (CGU) may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or CGU’s fair value less costs of disposal or its value in use. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are considered.

Impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. They are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU on a pro rata basis.

• Reversal of impairment loss

For assets other than goodwill, an impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised. An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed.

e) Inventories

Raw materials, stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using weighted average method.

Work in process and finished goods other than by-products are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct material and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overhead based on normal operating capacity.

By-products are valued at net realisable value.

Necessary provisions are made for obsolete and non-moving inventories as per the policy framed by the management and the value of inventory is net of such provision.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

f) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and cash on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

g) Revenue recognition

The Company is in the business of manufacture and sale of iron castings. Sales are recognised when substantial control of the products has been transferred to the customer, being when the products are delivered to the customer or its authorised representative without any unfulfilled obligation that could affect the customer’s acceptance of the products. Revenue from these sales is recognised based on the price specified in the sales order, net of the estimated discounts, rebates, returns and Goods and Service Tax. The Company’s obligation to provide a refund for defects in the products is recognised as a provision. A receivable is recognised when the goods are delivered as this is the point in time that the consideration is unconditional because only the passage of time is required before the payment is due.

The Company does not have any payment terms exceeding one year for any contract. Accordingly, the Company does not adjust any of the transaction prices for the time value of money.

h) Other income

• Interest income

Interest income from debt instruments is recognised using Effective Interest Rate method (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability.

• Dividends

Dividends are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss only when the right to receive the payment is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company, and the amount can be measured reliably.

• Any other incomes are accounted for on accrual basis.

i) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

Borrowing costs that are not directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset, are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

j) Foreign currency transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at exchange rates prevailing at the date of transactions. Exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the year are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies which are outstanding, as at the reporting period are translated at the closing exchange rates and the resultant exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured in terms of historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

k) Employee Benefits

• Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as short-term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages, expected cost of bonus and short-term compensated absences, ex-gratia, performance pay etc. are recognised in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

• Post-employment benefits Defined contribution plans

The Company’s approved superannuation scheme and central provident fund scheme are a defined contribution plan. The Company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are recognised as employee benefit expenses when they are due.

Defined benefit plans

The employees’ gratuity fund scheme is managed by a trust, is the Company’s defined benefit plan. The present value of the obligation under such defined benefit plans is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method, which recognises each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation.

The obligation is measured at the present value of the estimated future cash flows. The discount rates used for determining the present value of the obligation under defined benefit plans, is based on the market yields on government securities as at the reporting date, having maturity periods approximating to the terms of related obligations.

Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets, are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss in subsequent periods.

In case of funded plans, the fair value of the plan’s assets is reduced from the gross obligation under the defined benefit plans, to recognise the obligation on net basis.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in profit or loss as past service cost.

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or the fair value of the plan asset. The cost is included in employee benefit expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

• Other long-term employee benefits

The liabilities for earned leave which are not expected to be settled within twelve months from the date of reporting period in which the employee render the related service are measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employee up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method. The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating the terms of the related obligation. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and change in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the balance sheet if the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement beyond twelve months of the reporting period, regardless of when the actual settlement is expected to occur.

l) Share-based payments

Employees of the Company who are entitled to receive

remuneration in the form of share-based payments,

whereby employees render services as consideration for

equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).

• Equity-settled transactions

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the grant date using fair valuation model.

That cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company’s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The Statement of Profit and Loss represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at

the beginning and at the end of the period and to be recognised in the employee benefits expense.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

Employee share-based payment reserve with respect to vested options which gets forfeited as per ESOS policy will be transferred to retained earnings.

m) Research and development cost

Revenue expenditure on the research and development is charged off as expense in the year in which incurred. Capital expenditure for research and development activity is grouped with property, plant and equipment under appropriate categories and depreciation is provided as per the applicable rates.

n) Income tax

Income tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax. It is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent that it relates to the items recognised directly in OCI.

• Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities based on the taxable profits computed for the current accounting period. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

• Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet method on temporary differences between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except when the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable

that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised, except when the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

o) Provisions and contingencies

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, and is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

Contingent assets are not recognised in financial statements, unless they are virtually certain. However, contingent assets are disclosed where inflow of economic benefits are probable.

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

p) Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

• In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

• In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

• Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

• Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

• Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities based on the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy.

q) Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

• Initial recognition and measurement

Financial instruments are initially recognised when the entity becomes party to the contract.

Financial instruments are measured initially at fair value adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the origination of the financial instrument where financial instruments not classified at fair value through profit or loss. Transaction costs of financial instruments which are classified as fair value through profit or loss are expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

• Subsequent measurement of financial assets

For the purposes of subsequent measurement, the financial assets are classified in the following categories based on the Company’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of cash flows:

• those to be measured subsequently at fair value; either through OCI or through profit or loss

• those measured at amortised cost

For assets measured at fair value, changes in fair value will either be recorded in the Statement of Profit and Loss or OCI. For investments in debt instruments, this will depend on the business model in which investment is held. For investments in equity instruments, this will depend on whether the Company has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial recognition to account for equity investment at fair value through OCI.

The Company reclassifies debt investments when and only when its business model for managing those assets changes.

Debt instruments at amortised cost

A ‘debt instrument’ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are satisfied:

• The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

• The contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are Solely Payments of Principal and Interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at amortised cost and is not part of hedging relationship is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method.

Debt instruments at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI)

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets’ cash flows represent SPPI, are measured at FVTOCI. The movements in the carrying amount are recognised through OCI, except for the recognition of impairment gains and losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gain or losses which are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to the Statement of Profit and Loss and recognised in other gains/ losses. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using EIR method.

Debt instruments at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)

Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVTOCI are measured at FVTPL. A gain or loss on debt instrument that is subsequently measured at FVTPL and is not a part of hedging relationship is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss within other gains/ losses in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income.

Equity investments

All equity investments in the scope of Ind AS 109 Financial Instruments are measured at fair value. Equity instruments, which are held for trading, are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to recognise subsequent changes in the fair value in OCI. The Company makes such

election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to the Statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of equity instrument.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

• Subsequent measurement of financial liabilities

For the purposes of subsequent measurement, the financial liabilities are classified in the following categories:

• those to be measured subsequently at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

• those measured at amortised cost

Following financial liabilities will be classified under FVTPL:

• Financial liabilities held for trading

• Derivative financial liabilities

• Liability designated to be measured under FVTPL

All other financial liabilities are classified at amortised cost.

For financial liabilities measured at fair value, changes in fair value will be recorded in the Statement of Profit and Loss except for the fair value changes on account of own credit risk are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI).

Interest expense on financial liabilities classified under amortised cost category are measured using Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method and are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

• Derecognition of financial instruments

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or

in which the Company neither transfers nor retain substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

• Impairment of financial assets

The Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the financial assets mentioned below:

• Financial assets that are debt instrument and are measured at amortised cost

• Financial assets that are debt instruments and are measured as at FVOCI

• Trade receivables

The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk. Details how the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk is explained in the respective notes.

For impairment of trade receivables, the Company chooses to apply practical expedient of providing expected credit loss based on provision matrix and does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Percentage of ECL under provision matrix is determined based on historical data as well as futuristic information.

• Derivative financial instruments

Initial measurement and subsequent measurement

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value

is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

r) Dividends

The final dividend on shares is recorded as liability on the date of approval of shareholders, and the interim dividends are recorded as liability on the date of declaration by the Company’s Board of Directors.

s) Earnings per share (EPS)

Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit for the year attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the financial year, adjusted for bonus elements in equity shares issued during the year and excluding treasury shares.

Diluted EPS adjust the figures used in the determination of basic EPS to consider

• The after-income tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares, and

• The weighted average number of additional equity shares that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

t) Operating Segment

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision-Maker (CODM). The CODM, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the Managing Director who makes strategic decisions.

Identification of Segments

The Company’s operating business predominantly relates to manufacture of iron castings.

u) Government Grant

Grants from the government are recognised at their fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and the Company will comply with all attached conditions.

Government grants relating to income are deferred and recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the period necessary to match them with the costs that they are intended to compensate and presented within other income.

4) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS, ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Ind AS, requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of revenue, expenses, current assets, non-current assets, current liabilities, non-current liabilities, disclosure of the contingent liabilities and notes to accounts at the end of each reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Judgments

In the process of applying the Company’s accounting policies, management have made the following judgements, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements:

Operating segment

Ind AS 108 Operating Segments requires Management to determine the reportable segments for the purpose of disclosure in financial statements based on the internal reporting reviewed by the Managing Director being the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) to assess performance and allocate resources. The standard also requires Management to make judgments with respect to recognition of segments. Accordingly, the Company recognizes Iron Castings as its sole Segment.

Contingent liability

The Company has received various orders and notices from different Government authorities and tax authorities in respect of direct taxes and indirect taxes. The outcome of these matters may have a material effect on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Management regularly analyses current information about these matters and discloses the information relating to contingent liability. In making the decision regarding the need for creating loss provision, management considers the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and the ability to make a sufficiently reliable estimate of the amount of loss. The filing of a suit or formal assertion of a claim against the Company or the disclosure of any such suit or assertions, does not automatically indicate that a provision of a loss may be appropriate.

Estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its estimates and assumptions on parameters available when the financial statements are prepared. Existing circumstances

and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market conditions or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

Defined benefit obligation

The cost of the defined benefit plans and other post-employment benefits and the present value of the obligations are determined using actuarial valuation. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases, mortality rates and future post-retirement medical benefit increase. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate, management considers the interest rates of government bonds in currencies consistent with the currencies of the post-employment benefit obligations and extrapolated as needed along the yield curve to correspond with the expected term of the defined benefit obligation.

The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. Those mortality tables tend to change only at intervals in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases are based on the expected future inflation rates for the country.

Further details about defined benefit obligations are provided in the respective note.

Deferred Tax

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences including the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits are unused tax losses can be utilized.

Useful lives of Property, plant and equipment

Useful lives of property, plant and equipment are dependent upon an assessment of both the technical lives of the assets and also their likely economic lives based on various internal and external factors including relative efficiency and operating costs. The depreciable lives are reviewed annually using the best information available to the Management.

Estimation and underlying assumptions are reviewed on ongoing basis. Revisions to estimates are recognised prospectively.


Mar 31, 2019

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH, 2019

(All amounts are in Indian '' in lakhs unless otherwise stated)

1) THE CORPORATE OVERVIEW

Kirloskar Ferrous Industries Limited (''the Company'') was incorporated in 1991, a flagship Company of Kirloskar Group, promoted by Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited and Shivaji Works Limited. Shivaji Works Limited was subsequently merged with Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited. The erstwhile Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited now changed its name and is known as Kirloskar Industries Limited.

At present, the Company is the subsidiary of Kirloskar Industries Limited. The Company is having two manufacturing facilities, one at Koppal district in Karnataka State and another at Solapur district in Maharashtra State. The Company is engaged in manufacturing of iron castings.

2) BASIS OF PREPARATION

a) Statement of Compliance

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in India including Indian Accounting Standards ("Ind AS") notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act") read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards), Rules, 2015 as amended from time to time and other relevant provisions of the Act.

In accordance with the Notification issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, the Company has adopted Ind AS notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 with effect from 1st April, 2017. The transition from Previous GAAP to Ind AS has been accounted for in accordance with Ind AS 101 "First Time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards", with 1st April, 2016 being the transition date. The financial statements have been approved by the Board of Directors on 3rd May, 2019.

b) Basis of measurement

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following items, which are measured on each reporting date on the basis as explained below:

- Certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments) are measured at fair value.

- Defined benefit plans - plan assets are measured at fair value.

- Equity settled share-based payments - measured at grant date fair value.

c) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current and non-current classification.

An asset is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

- It is expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle,

- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading,

- It is expected to be realized within twelve months from the reporting date, or

- It is cash or cash equivalents unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after reporting date.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle,

- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading,

- It is due to be settled within twelve months from the reporting date, or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after reporting date.

The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

d) Functional and presentation currency

Company has identified Indian Rupee ('' as its functional currency. All amounts presented in the Financial Statements including notes have been rounded off to the nearest lakhs in Indian Rupee as per the requirements of Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013; unless otherwise indicated.

3) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

This note provides a list of the significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

a) Property, plant and equipment

- Recognition and measurement

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Cost comprises of purchase price and any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.

Borrowing costs attributable to construction or acquisition of a qualifying asset for the period up to the date, the asset is ready for its intended use are included in the cost of the asset to which they relate.

Pre-operative expenditure including trial run expenses comprising of revenue expenses incurred as reduced by the revenue generated during the period up to the date, the asset is ready for its intended use are treated as part of costs of that asset.

Capital work-in-progress comprises of the cost of property, plant and equipment that are not yet ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date.

Advances paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each reporting date are disclosed under "Other non-current assets".

- Subsequent costs

The cost of replacing a part of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognized in the carrying amount of the item if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within the part will flow to the Company and its cost can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

- Derecognition

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains and losses on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and are recognized net and disclosed within other income or expenses in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

- Depreciation methods, estimated useful life and residual value

Depreciation is calculated over the depreciable amount, which is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less its estimated residual value. Depreciation is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of each part of an item of property, plant and equipment as

Freehold land is not depreciated.

b) Intangible assets

- Recognition and measurement

Intangible assets are recognized when the asset is identifiable, is within the control of the Company, and is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the Company and cost of the asset can be reliably measured.

Intangible assets acquired by the Company that have finite useful lives are measured at cost less accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses.

- Derecognition

An item of intangible asset is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains and losses on disposal of intangible asset are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of intangible asset and are recognized net and disclosed within other income or expenses in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

- Amortization

Amortization is calculated over the cost of the asset, or other amount substituted for cost. Amortization is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of intangible assets from the date that they are available for use, since this most closely reflects the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset.

c) Leases

- Company as a lessee

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item are classified as operating leases. Payments under operating leases are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss generally on straight line basis.

- Company as lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the asset are classified as operating leases. Assets subject to operating leases are included in property, plant and equipment. Lease income on an operating lease is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on straight line basis.

d) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset or Cash Generating Unit (CGU) may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or CGU''s fair value less costs of disposal or its value in use. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are considered.

Impairment losses are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. They are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU on a pro rata basis.

- Reversal of impairment loss

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. For other assets, an impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset''s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.

e) Inventories

Raw materials, stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using weighted average method.

Work in progress and finished goods other than by-products are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct material and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overhead based on normal operating capacity.

By-products are valued at net realizable value.

Necessary provisions are made for obsolete and non-moving inventories as per the policy framed by the management and the value of inventory is net of such provision.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

f) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and cash on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

g) Revenue recognition

The Company is in the business of manufacture and sale of iron castings. Sales are recognized when substantial control of the products has been transferred to the customer, being when the products are delivered to the customer or its authorized representative without any unfulfilled obligation that could affect the customer''s acceptance of the products. Revenue from these sales is recognized based on the price specified in the sales order, net of the estimated discounts, rebates, returns and Goods and Service Tax. The Company''s obligation to provide a refund for defects in the products is recognized as a provision. A receivable is recognized when the goods are delivered as this is the point in time that the consideration is unconditional because only the passage of time is required before the payment is due.

The Company does not have any payment terms exceeding one year for any contract. Accordingly, the Company does not adjust any of the transaction prices for the time value of money.

h) Other income

- Interest income

Interest income from debt instruments is recognized using Effective Interest Rate method (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortized cost of a financial liability.

- Dividends

Dividends are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss only when the right to receive the payment is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company, and the amount can be measured reliably.

- Any other incomes are accounted for on accrual basis.

i) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

Borrowing costs that are not directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset, are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

j) Foreign currency transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transactions. Exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the year are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies which are outstanding, as at the reporting period are translated at the closing exchange rates and the resultant exchange differences are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured in terms of historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

k) Employee Benefits

- Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as short-term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages, expected cost of bonus and short-term compensated absences, ex-gratia, performance pay etc. are recognized in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

- Post-employment benefits Defined contribution plans

The Company''s approved superannuation scheme and central provident fund scheme are a defined contribution plan. The Company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are recognized as employee benefit expenses when they are due.

Defined benefit plans

The employees'' gratuity fund scheme is managed by a trust, is the Company''s defined benefit plan. The present value of the obligation under such defined benefit plans is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method, which recognizes each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation.

The obligation is measured at the present value of the estimated future cash flows. The discount rates used for determining the present value of the obligation under defined benefit plans, is based on the market yields on Government Securities as at the reporting date, having maturity periods approximating to the terms of related obligations.

Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets, are recognized immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss in subsequent periods.

In case of funded plans, the fair value of the plan''s assets is reduced from the gross obligation under the defined benefit plans, to recognize the obligation on net basis.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognized immediately in profit or loss as past service cost.

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or the fair value of the plan asset. The cost is included in employee benefit expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

- Other long-term employee benefits

The liabilities for earned leave which are not expected to be settled within twelve months from the date of reporting period in which the employee render the related service are measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employee up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method. The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating the terms of the related obligation. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and change in actuarial assumptions are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the balance sheet if the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement beyond twelve months of the reporting period, regardless of when the actual settlement is expected to occur.

l) Share-based payments

Employees of the Company who are entitled to receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).

- Equity-settled transactions

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the grant date using fair valuation model.

That cost is recognized, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognized for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The Statement of Profit and Loss represents the movement in cumulative expense recognized as at the beginning and at the end of the period and to be recognized in the employee benefits expense.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

m) Research and development cost

Revenue expenditure on the research and development is charged off as expense in the year in which incurred. Capital expenditure for research and development activity is grouped with property, plant and equipment under appropriate categories and depreciation is provided as per the applicable rates.

n) Income tax

Income tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax. It is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent that it relates to the items recognized directly in OCI.

- Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities based on the taxable profits computed for the current accounting period. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

- Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet method on temporary differences between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except when the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized, except when the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

o) Provisions and contingencies

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, and is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognized as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

Contingent assets are not recognized in financial statements, unless they are virtually certain. However, contingent assets are disclosed where inflow of economic benefits are probable.

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

p) Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

- In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

- Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

- Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

- Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities based on the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy.

q) Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

- Initial recognition and measurement

Financial instruments are initially recognized when the entity becomes party to the contract.

Financial instruments are measured initially at fair value adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the origination of the financial instrument where financial instruments not classified at fair value through profit or loss. Transaction costs of financial instruments which are classified as fair value through profit or loss are expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

- Subsequent measurement of financial assets

For the purposes of subsequent measurement, the financial assets are classified in the following categories based on the Company''s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of cash flows:

- those to be measured subsequently at fair value; either through OCI or through profit or loss

- those measured at amortized cost

For assets measured at fair value, changes in fair value will either be recorded in the Statement of Profit and Loss or OCI. For investments in debt instruments, this will depend on the business model in which investment is held. For investments in equity instruments, this will depend on whether the Company has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial recognition to account for equity investment at fair value through OCI.

The Company reclassifies debt investments when and only when its business model for managing those assets changes.

Debt instruments at amortized cost

A ''debt instrument'' is measured at the amortized cost if both the following conditions are satisfied:

- The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

- The contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are Solely Payments of Principal and Interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at amortized cost and is not part of hedging relationship is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method.

Debt instruments at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI)

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets'' cash flows represent SPPI, are measured at FVTOCI. The movements in the carrying amount are recognized through OCI, except for the recognition of impairment gains and losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gain or losses which are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is derecognized, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified from equity to the Statement of Profit and Loss and recognized in other gains/ losses. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using EIR method.

Debt instruments at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)

Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortized cost or FVTOCI are measured at FVTPL. A gain or loss on debt instrument that is subsequently measured at FVTPL and is not a part of hedging relationship is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss within other gains/ losses in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income.

Equity investments

All equity investments in the scope of Ind AS 109 Financial Instruments are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to recognize subsequent changes in the fair value in OCI. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to the Statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of equity instrument.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

- Subsequent measurement of financial liabilities

For the purposes of subsequent measurement, the financial liabilities are classified in the following categories:

- those to be measured subsequently at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)

- those measured at amortized cost

Following financial liabilities will be classified under FVTPL:

- Financial liabilities held for trading

- Derivative financial liabilities

- Liability designated to be measured under FVTPL

All other financial liabilities are classified at amortized cost.

For financial liabilities measured at fair value, changes in fair value will be recorded in the Statement of Profit and Loss except for the fair value changes on account of own credit risk are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI).

Interest expense on financial liabilities classified under amortized cost category are measured using Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method and are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss.

- Derecognition of financial instruments

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retain substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

- Impairment of financial assets

The Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the financial assets mentioned below:

- Financial assets that are debt instrument and are measured at amortized cost

- Financial assets that are debt instruments and are measured as at FVTOCI

- Trade receivables

The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk. Details how the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk is explained in the respective notes.

For impairment of trade receivables, the Company chooses to apply practical expedient of providing expected credit loss based on provision matrix and does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Percentage of ECL under provision matrix is determined based on historical data as well as futuristic information.

- Derivative financial instruments

Initial measurement and subsequent measurement

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

r) Dividends

The final dividend on shares is recorded as liability on the date of approval of shareholders, and the interim dividends are recorded as liability on the date of declaration by the Company''s Board of Directors.

s) Earnings Per Share (EPS)

Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit for the year attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the financial year, adjusted for bonus elements in equity shares issued during the year and excluding treasury shares.

Diluted EPS adjust the figures used in the determination of basic EPS to consider

- The after-income tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares, and

- The weighted average number of additional equity shares that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

t) Operating segment

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision-Maker (CODM). The CODM, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the Managing Director who makes strategic decisions.

Identification of Segments

The Company''s operating business predominantly relates to manufacture of iron castings.

u) Government Grant

Grants from the Government are recognized at their fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and the Company will comply with all attached conditions.

Government grants relating to income are deferred and recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the period necessary to match them with the costs that they are intended to compensate and presented within other income.

4) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS, ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Ind AS, requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of revenue, expenses, current assets, non-current assets, current liabilities, non-current liabilities, disclosure of the contingent liabilities and notes to accounts at the end of each reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Judgments

In the process of applying the Company''s accounting policies, management have made the following judgements, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements:

a) Operating Segment

Ind AS 108 Operating Segments requires Management to determine the reportable segments for the purpose of disclosure in financial statements based on the internal reporting

reviewed by the Managing Director being the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) to assess performance and allocate resources. The standard also requires Management to make judgments with respect to recognition of segments. Accordingly, the Company recognizes Iron Castings as its sole Segment.

b) Contingent liability

The Company has received various orders and notices from different Government authorities and tax authorities in respect of direct taxes and indirect taxes. The outcome of these matters may have a material effect on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Management regularly analyses current information about these matters and discloses the information relating to contingent liability. In making the decision regarding the need for creating loss provision, management considers the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and the ability to make a sufficiently reliable estimate of the amount of loss. The filing of a suit or formal assertion of a claim against the Company or the disclosure of any such suit or assertions, does not automatically indicate that a provision of a loss may be appropriate.

Estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its estimates and assumptions on parameters available when the financial statements are prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market conditions or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

a) Defined benefit obligation

The cost of the defined benefit plans and other post-employment benefits and the present value of the obligations are determined using actuarial valuation. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases, mortality rates and future post-retirement medical benefit increase. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate, management considers the interest rates of government bonds in currencies consistent with the currencies of the post-employment benefit obligations and extrapolated as needed along the yield curve to correspond with the expected term of the defined benefit obligation.

The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. Those mortality tables tend to change only at intervals in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases are based on the expected future inflation rates for the country.

Further details about defined benefit obligations are provided in the respective note.

b) Deferred Tax

Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences including the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits are unused tax losses can be utilized.

c) Useful lives of Property, plant and equipment

Useful lives of property, plant and equipment are dependent upon an assessment of both the technical lives of the assets and also their likely economic lives based on various internal and external factors including relative efficiency and operating costs. The depreciable lives are reviewed annually using the best information available to the Management.

Estimation and underlying assumptions are reviewed on ongoing basis. Revisions to estimates are recognized prospectively.


Mar 31, 2018

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH, 2018

(All amounts are in Indian '' in lakhs unless otherwise stated)

1) THE CORPORATE OVERVIEW

Kirloskar Ferrous Industries Limited (‘the Company’) was incorporated in 1991, a flagship Company of Kirloskar Group, promoted by Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited and Shivaji Works Limited. Shivaji Works Limited was subsequently merged with Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited. The erstwhile Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited now changed its name and is known as Kirloskar Industries Limited.

At present, the Company is the subsidiary of Kirloskar Industries Limited. The Company is having two manufacturing plants, one at Koppal district in Karnataka state and another at Solapur in Maharashtra state. The Company is engaged in manufacturing of iron castings.

2) BASIS OF PREPARATION

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (“Ind AS”) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 [the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended] and other relevant provisions of the Act.

The Financial Statements up to the year ended 31st March, 2017 were prepared in accordance with the Accounting Standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and other relevant provisions of the Act (“Previous GAAP”). The financial statements for the year ended 31st March, 2018 are the first financial statements of the Company prepared in accordance with Ind AS. An explanation of how the transition to Ind AS has affected the reported balance sheet, profit or loss and cash flows of the Company is provided in Note 46.

a) Statement of Compliance

In accordance with the notification issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, the Company has adopted Ind AS notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 with effect from 1st April, 2017. The transition from Previous GAAP to Ind AS has been accounted for in accordance with Ind AS 101 “First Time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards”, with 1st April, 2016 being the transition date.

In accordance with Ind AS 101 “First time adoption of Indian Accounting Standard”, the Company has presented a reconciliation from the presentation of financial statements under accounting standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (“Previous GAAP”) to Ind AS of total equity as at 1st April, 2017 and reconciliation of profit as previously reported under Indian GAAP to Ind AS.

b) Basis of measurement

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following items, which are measured on an alternative basis on each reporting date.

- Certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments) are measured at fair value.

- Defined benefit plans - plan assets are measured at fair value.

- Equity settled share-based payments - measured at grant date fair value.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

c) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current and non-current classification.

An asset is classified as current when it is:

- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle,

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading,

- Expected to be realised within twelve months from the date of reporting, or

- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months from the date of reporting.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is classified as current when it is:

- Expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading

- Due to be settled within twelve months from the date of reporting, or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months from the date of reporting.

The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

d) Rounding of amounts

All amounts disclosed in the Financial Statements including notes have been rounded off to the nearest lakhs in Indian Rupee (INR) as per the requirements of Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013; unless otherwise indicated.

3) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

This note provides a list of the significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

a) Property, plant and equipment

- Recognition and measurement

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Cost comprises of purchase price and any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.

Borrowing costs attributable to construction or acquisition of a qualifying asset for the period up to the date, the asset is ready for its intended use are included in the cost of the asset to which they relate.

Pre-operative expenditure including trial run expenses comprising of revenue expenses incurred as reduced by the revenue generated during the period up to the date, the asset is ready for its intended use are treated as part of costs of that asset.

Capital work-in-progress comprises of the cost of property, plant and equipment that are not yet ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date.

Advances paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each reporting date are disclosed under “Other non-current assets”.

- Transition to Ind AS

The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment and capital work in progress, measured as per the Indian GAAP as at 31st March 2016 and use those carrying values as deemed cost as at the date of transition to Ind AS i.e. 1st April, 2016.

- Subsequent costs

The cost of replacing a part of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in the carrying amount of the item if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within the part will flow to the Company and its cost can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss as incurred.

- Derecognition

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains and losses on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and are recognised net and disclosed within other income or expenses in the statement of profit and loss.

- Depreciation methods, estimated useful life and residual value

Depreciation is calculated over the depreciable amount, which is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less its residual value. Depreciation is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of each part of an item of property, plant and equipment as prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act 2013, as assessed by the management of the Company based on technical evaluation except in the case of following assets:

Freehold land is not depreciated.

b) Intangible assets

- Recognition and measurement

Intangible assets are recognised when the asset is identifiable, is within the control of the Company, and is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the Company and cost of the asset can be reliably measured.

Intangible assets acquired by the Company that have finite useful lives are measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

- Transition to Ind AS

The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its intangible assets, measured as per the Indian GAAP as at 31st March, 2016 and use those carrying values as deemed cost as at the date of transition to Ind AS i.e. 1st April, 2016.

- Derecognition

An item of intangible asset is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains and losses on disposal of intangible asset are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of intangible asset and are recognised net and disclosed within other income or expenses in the statement of profit and loss.

- Amortisation

Amortisation is calculated over the cost of the asset, or other amount substituted for cost. Amortisation is recognised in statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of intangible assets from the date that they are available for use, since this most closely reflects the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset.

c) Leases

- Company as a lessee

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item are classified as operating leases. Payments under operating leases are recognised in the statement of profit and loss generally on straight line basis.

- Company as lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the asset are classified as operating leases. Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income on an operating lease is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on straight line basis.

d) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset or Cash Generating Unit (CGU) may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or CGU’s fair value less costs of disposal or its value in use. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are considered.

Impairment losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. They are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU on a pro rata basis.

- Reversal of impairment loss

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. For other assets, an impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

e) Inventories

Raw materials, stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using weighted average method.

Work in process and finished goods other than by-products are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct material and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overhead based on normal operating capacity. Cost is arrived at by absorption cost method.

By-products are valued at net realisable value.

Necessary provisions are made for obsolete and non-moving inventories as per the policy framed by the management and the value of inventory is net of such provision.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

f) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and cash on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

g) Revenue recognition

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when all significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods are passed on to the buyer, recovery of the consideration is probable, the associated costs can be estimated reliably, there is no continuing effective control over, or managerial involvement with, the goods, and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably. It also includes excise duty and excludes Goods and Service Tax (GST), value added tax or sales tax. Sales are stated net of discounts, rebates and returns.

h) Other income

- Interest income

Interest income from debt instruments is recognised using Effective Interest Rate method (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability.

- Dividends

Dividends are recognised in the statement of profit and loss only when the right to receive the payment is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company, and the amount can be measured reliably.

- Any other incomes are accounted for on accrual basis.

i) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

Borrowing costs that are not directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset, are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

j) Foreign currency transactions and balances

Company has identified Indian Rupee as its functional currency.

Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at exchange rates prevailing at the date of transactions. Exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the year are recognised in the statement of profit and loss of the year.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies which are outstanding, as at the reporting period are translated at the closing exchange rates and the resultant exchange differences are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured in terms of historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

k) Employee Benefits

- Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as short-term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages, expected cost of bonus and short-term compensated absences, ex-gratia, performance pay etc. are recognised in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

- Post-employment benefits Defined contribution plans

The Company’s approved superannuation scheme and central provident fund scheme are a defined contribution plan. The Company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are recognised as employee benefit expenses when they are due.

Defined benefit plans

The employees’ gratuity fund scheme is managed by a trust, is the Company’s defined benefit plan. The present value of the obligation under such defined benefit plans is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method, which recognises each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation.

The obligation is measured at the present value of the estimated future cash flows. The discount rates used for determining the present value of the obligation under defined benefit plans, is based on the market yields on government securities as at the reporting date, having maturity periods approximating to the terms of related obligations.

Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets, are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to the statement of profit and loss in subsequent periods.

In case of funded plans, the fair value of the plan’s assets is reduced from the gross obligation under the defined benefit plans, to recognise the obligation on net basis.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in profit or loss as past service cost.

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or the fair value of the plan asset. The cost is included in employee benefit expense in the statement of profit and loss.

- Other long-term employee benefits

The liabilities for earned leave which are not expected to be settled within twelve months from the date of reporting period in which the employee render the related service are measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employee up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method. The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating the terms of the related obligation. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and change in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the balance sheet if the entity does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement beyond twelve months of the reporting period, regardless of when the actual settlement is expected to occur.

l) Share-based payments

Employees of the Company who are entitled to receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).

- Equity-settled transactions

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the grant date using fair valuation model.

That cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company’s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The statement of profit and loss represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and at the end of the period and to be recognised in the employee benefits expense.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

m) Research and development cost

Revenue expenditure on the research and development is charged off as expense in the year in which incurred. Capital expenditure for research and development activity is grouped with property, plant and equipment’s under appropriate heads and depreciation is provided as per the rates applicable.

n) Income tax

Income tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax. It is recognised in the statement of profit and loss except to the extent that it relates to the items recognised directly in OCI.

- Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities based on the taxable profits computed for the current accounting period. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

- Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet method on temporary differences between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except when the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised, except when the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

o) Provisions and contingencies

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, and is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost in the statement of profit and loss.

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

Contingent assets are not recognised in financial statements, unless they are virtually certain. However, contingent assets are disclosed where inflow of economic benefits are probable.

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

p) Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

- In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

- Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

- Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

- Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities based on the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy.

q) Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

- Initial recognition and measurement

Financial instruments are initially recognised when the entity becomes party to the contract.

Financial instruments are measured initially at fair value adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the origination of the financial instrument where financial instruments not classified at fair value through profit or loss. Transaction costs of financial instruments which are classified as fair value through profit or loss are expensed in the statement of profit and loss.

- Subsequent measurement of financial assets

For the purposes of subsequent measurement, the financial assets are classified in the following categories based on the Company’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of cash flows:

- those to be measured subsequently at fair value; either through OCI or through profit or loss

- those measured at amortised cost

For assets measured at fair value, changes in fair value will either be recorded in the statement of profit and loss or OCI. For investments in debt instruments, this will depend on the business model in which investment is held. For investments in equity instruments, this will depend on whether the Company has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial recognition to account for equity investment at fair value through OCI.

The Company reclassifies debt investments when and only when its business model for managing those assets changes.

Debt instruments at amortised cost

A ‘debt instrument’ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are satisfied:

- The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

- The contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are Solely Payments of Principal and Interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at amortised cost and is not part of hedging relationship is recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method.

Debt instruments at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI)

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets’ cash flows represent SPPI, are measured at FVTOCI. The movements in the carrying amount are recognised through OCI, except for the recognition of impairment gains and losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gain or losses which are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to the statement of profit and loss and recognised in other gains/ losses. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using EIR method.

Debt instruments at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)

Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVTOCI are measured at FVTPL. A gain or loss on debt instrument that is subsequently measured at FVTPL and is not a part of hedging relationship is recognised in the statement of profit and loss within other gains/ losses in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income.

Equity investments

All equity investments in the scope of Ind AS 109 Financial Instruments are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to recognise subsequent changes in the fair value in OCI. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to the statement of profit and loss, even on sale of equity instrument.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

- Subsequent measurement of financial liabilities

For the purposes of subsequent measurement, the financial liabilities are classified in the following categories:

- those to be measured subsequently at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

- those measured at amortised cost

Following financial liabilities will be classified under FVTPL:

- Financial liabilities held for trading

- Derivative financial liabilities

- Liability designated to be measured under FVTPL All other financial liabilities are classified at amortised cost.

For financial liabilities measured at fair value, changes in fair value will be recorded in the statement of profit and loss except for the fair value changes on account of own credit risk are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI).

Interest expense on financial liabilities classified under amortised cost category are measured using Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method and are recognised in statement of profit and loss.

- Derecognition of financial instruments

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retain substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

- Impairment of financial assets

The Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the financial assets mentioned below:

- Financial assets that are debt instrument and are measured at amortised cost

- Financial assets that are debt instruments and are measured as at FVTOCI

- Trade receivables under Ind AS 18

The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk. Details how the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk is explained in the respective notes.

For impairment of trade receivables, the Company chooses to apply practical expedient of providing expected credit loss based on provision matrix and does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Percentage of ECL under provision matrix is determined based on historical data as well as futuristic information.

- Derivative financial instruments

Initial measurement and subsequent measurement

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss.

r) Cash dividend

The Company recognises a liability to make cash distributions to equity holders when the distribution is authorised and approved by the shareholders. A corresponding amount is recognised directly in equity.

s) Earnings per share (EPS)

Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit for the year attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the financial year, adjusted for bonus elements in equity shares issued during the year and excluding treasury shares.

Diluted EPS adjust the figures used in the determination of basic EPS to consider

- The after-income tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares, and

- The weighted average number of additional equity shares that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

t) Operating segment

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision-Maker (CODM). The CODM, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the Managing Director who makes strategic decisions.

Identification of Segments

The Company’s operating business predominantly relates to manufacture of iron castings.

4) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS, ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Ind AS, requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of revenue, expenses, current assets, non-current assets, current liabilities, non-current liabilities, disclosure of the contingent liabilities and notes to accounts at the end of each reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Judgments

In the process of applying the Company’s accounting policies, management have made the following judgements, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements:

Operating Segment

Ind AS 108 Operating Segments requires Management to determine the reportable segments for the purpose of disclosure in financial statements based on the internal reporting reviewed by the Managing Director, being the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) to assess performance and allocate resources. The standard also requires Management to make judgments with respect to recognition of segments. Accordingly, the Company recognizes Iron Castings as its sole Segment.

Contingent liability

The Company has received various orders and notices from different Government authorities and tax authorities in respect of direct taxes and indirect taxes. The outcome of these matters may have a material effect on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Management regularly analyses current information about these matters and discloses the information relating to contingent liability. In making the decision regarding the need for creating loss provision, management considers the degree of probability of an unfavourable outcome and the ability to make a sufficiently reliable estimate of the amount of loss. The filing of a suit or formal assertion of a claim against the Company or the disclosure of any such suit or assertions, does not automatically indicate that a provision of a loss may be appropriate.

Estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its estimates and assumptions on parameters available when the financial statements are prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market conditions or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

Defined benefit obligation

The cost of the defined benefit plans and other post-employment benefits and the present value of the obligations are determined using actuarial valuation. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases, mortality rates and future post-retirement medical benefit increase. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate, management considers the interest rates of government bonds in currencies consistent with the currencies of the post-employment benefit obligations and extrapolated as needed along the yield curve to correspond with the expected term of the defined benefit obligation.

The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. Those mortality tables tend to change only at intervals in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases are based on the expected future inflation rates for the country.

Further details about defined benefit obligations are provided in the respective note.

Deferred Tax

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences including the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits are unused tax losses can be utilized.

Estimation and underlying assumptions are reviewed on on-going basis. Revisions to estimates are recognised prospectively.

b. Rights and preferences attached to equity shares

The Company has only one class of equity shares having a par value of '' 5 per share. Each holder of equity share is entitled to one vote per share. The Company declares and pays dividend in Indian rupees. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting.

In the event of Liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company after distribution of preferential amount. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.


Mar 31, 2017

1. Basis of preparation of Financial Statements:

a. The Financial Statements have been prepared and presented in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP) under the historical cost convention, to comply in all material respects with the Accounting Standards specified under Section 133 of the Act, read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

b. The Company follows mercantile system of accounting and recognizes income and expenditure on an accrual basis except those with significant uncertainties.

c. The accounting policies applied by the Company are consistent with those used in the previous year.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies:

a. Use of Estimates

Estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the Financial Statements are based on management''s evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as at the date of the Financial Statements, which may differ from the actual results at a subsequent date.

b. Property, Plant and Equipment

i. The Company has adopted cost model to measure the gross carrying amount of fixed assets.

ii. Tangible fixed assets are stated at original cost net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. The cost of the fixed asset includes the purchase price and the incidental or directly attributable expenses incurred in bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

iii. The Company identifies and determines the cost of each component / part of the asset separately, if component / part have a cost which is significant to the total cost of asset and has useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining asset.

iv. Spares and Parts which meet the definition of Property, Plant and Equipment, such items are accounted for in accordance with the AS 10, Property, Plant and Equipment.

v. Borrowing Costs relating to acquisition and construction of qualifying assets are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.

vi. Pre-operative expenditure including trial run expenses comprising of revenue expenses incurred as reduced by the revenue generated during the period up to commencement of commercial production are treated as part of project costs and are capitalized.

vii. Cost of fixed assets not ready for use before the Balance Sheet date is disclosed as capital work-in-progress.

c. Intangible Assets

Intangible assets expected to provide future enduring economic benefits are recorded at the value of consideration paid for acquisition of such assets and are carried at cost of acquisition net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any.

d. Depreciation and Amortization

i. The Company has provided for depreciation using the straight line method, based on the useful lives specified in Schedule II Part C to the Companies Act, 2013, except in case of the following assets:

ii. Freehold land are not depreciated.

iii. Leasehold land are not depreciated due to the conversion option available in the lease agreement and Management''s intention of opting the same.

iv. Depreciation on additions (other than land) are provided from the date of acquisition / purchase.

v. In the event of sale / retirement of assets, depreciation is provided up to the date of sale / retirement.

vi. The Mining Right acquired by the Company is amortized over 11 years being the period of lease.

vii. Computer software recognized as intangible asset is amortized on straight line method over an estimated useful life of 6 years.

viii. Spares and Parts are depreciated based on the assessed useful life by the management.

e. Impairment of Asset

The Company assesses at each Balance Sheet date whether there is any indication due to internal or external factors than an asset or a group of asset comprising a Cash Generating Unit (CGU) may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the assets. If such recoverable amount of the assets or the recoverable amount (economic value in use) of the CGU, to which the asset belongs is less than the carrying amount of the assets or the CGU as the case may be, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount and the reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If at any subsequent Balance Sheet date there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount subject to a maximum of depreciated historical cost and is accordingly reversed in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

f. Operating leases

Where the Company is a lessee : Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item are classified as operating leases. Payments under operating leases are recognized as expenses in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Where the Company is a lessor : Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the asset are classified as operating leases and assets subjected to operating leases are included in the fixed assets. Receipt under operating leases are recognized as Income in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Lease income / payment in respect of ''''Operating Lease'''' are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease period.

g. Investments

Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long term investments.

i. Current Investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.

ii. Long-term investments are carried at cost less provision for diminution other than temporary (if any) in value of such investments.

h. Inventories

i. Raw Materials, Stores and Spares are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using weighted average method.

ii. Work in progress are valued at cost. Finished goods other than by-products are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes cost of raw material, conversion cost and other cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is arrived by absorption cost method.

iii. By-products are valued at net realizable value.

iv. Necessary provisions are made for obsolete and non-moving inventories as per the policy framed by the management and the value of inventory is net of such provision.

v. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

i. Foreign Currency Transactions

i. Initial Recognition: Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction.

ii. Conversion: Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies other than those covered by forward contracts are reinstated into rupee equivalents at the exchange rates as on the reporting date and the resultant exchange difference, are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year.

iii. Forward Exchange Contracts: In respect of transactions covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the date of the transaction is recognized as discount or premium over the period of the contract.

j. Revenue Recognition

i. Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the customer, which generally coincides with their delivery to customers/customers representatives. Sales reported includes excise duty and excludes discounts, rebates, returns, sales tax and value added tax.

ii. Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

iii. Dividend income is recognized when the Company''s right to receive dividend is established.

iv. All other incomes are accounted for on accrual basis.

k. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss except in cases where the borrowings are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying asset in which case they are capitalized.

Exchange Differences: Exchange difference arising from foreign currency borrowings are recognized as borrowing cost to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs as per AS 16 Borrowing Costs.

l. Excise Duty

Excise Duty in respect of goods manufactured by the Company is accounted on accrual basis. m. Employee Benefits

i. Short Term Employee Benefits:

All employee benefits payable within twelve months of rendering of services are classified as short term benefits. Such benefits include salaries, wages, bonus, short term compensated absences, awards, exgratia, performance pay etc., and the same are recognized in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

ii. Post Employment Benefits:

a. Defined Contribution Plan:

The Company''s approved Superannuation Scheme and Central Government Provident Fund Scheme, are defined contribution plans. The contribution paid / payable under the schemes are recognized during the period in which the employee renders the related service.

b. Defined Benefit Plans:

The employee''s gratuity fund scheme, long term compensated absences is Company''s defined benefit plans. The present value of the obligation under such defined benefit plans is determined based on the actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at the date of the Balance Sheet. In case of funded plans, the fair value of plan asset is reduced from the gross obligation under the defined benefit plans, to recognize the obligation on net basis.

n. Taxes on Income

i. Deferred tax is recognized on timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date.

Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

The deferred tax resulting from timing differences which originate on or before tax holiday period but are expected to reverse during the tax holiday period are not considered.

ii. Provision for current tax is made on the basis of the taxable profits computed for the current accounting period in accordance with Income Computation and Disclosure Standards as notified under Section 145 (2) of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

iii. Advance taxes and provisions for current Income Tax are presented in the Balance Sheet after off-setting advance taxes paid and Income Tax provision arising in the same tax jurisdiction and the Company intends to settle the assets and liabilities on a net basis.

iv. Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) credit is recognized as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the period of MAT credit entitlement as per the Income-tax Act, 1961. In the year in which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in Guidance Note issued by the ICAI, the said asset is created by way of a credit to the Statement of Profit and Loss and shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each Balance Sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period.

o. Research and Development Expenses

Revenue expenditure on the Research and Development is charged off as expense in the year in which incurred. Capital expenditure is grouped with Fixed Assets under appropriate heads and depreciation is provided as per the rates applicable.

p. Earnings Per Share

Basic Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

q. Provisions and Contingencies

i. Necessary provisions are made for the present obligations that arise out of past events prior to the Balance Sheet date entailing future outflow of economic resources. Such provisions reflect best estimates based on available information.

ii. However, a disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision is made.

r. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of Cash Flow Statement comprise cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

s. Dividend

Dividend is recognized as liability in the period in which it is declared by the Company (usually when approved by shareholder at its General Meeting) or paid.


Mar 31, 2016

1. Basis of preparation of financial statements

a. The financial statements have been prepared and presented in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP) under the historical cost convention, to comply in all material respects with the Accounting Standards specified under Section 133 of the Act, read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

b. The Company follows mercantile system of accounting and recognizes income and expenditure on an accrual basis except those with significant uncertainties.

c. The accounting policies applied by the Company are consistent with those used in the previous year.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies:

a. Use of estimates

Estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the Financial Statements are based on management''s evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as at the date of the Financial Statements, which may differ from the actual results at a subsequent date.

b. Fixed Assets

i. Tangible fixed assets are stated at original cost net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. The cost of the fixed asset includes the purchase price and the incidental or directly attributable expenses incurred in bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

ii. Borrowing Costs relating to acquisition and construction of qualifying assets are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.

iii. Pre-operative expenditure including trial run expenses comprising of revenue expenses incurred as reduced by the revenue generated during the period up to commencement of commercial production are treated as part of project costs and are capitalized.

iv. Intangible assets expected to provide future enduring economic benefits are recorded at the value of consideration paid for acquisition of such assets and are carried at cost of acquisition net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any.

v. Cost of fixed assets not ready for use before the Balance Sheet date is disclosed as capital work-in-progress.

c. Depreciation and Amortization

i. The Company has provided for depreciation using the straight line method, based on the useful lives specified in Schedule II Part C to the Companies Act, 2013, except in case of the following assets:

ii. Freehold land is not depreciated.

iii. In the event of sale / retirement of assets, depreciation is provided up to the date of sale / retirement.

iv. The Mining Right acquired by the Company is amortized over 11 years being the period of lease.

v. Computer software recognized as intangible asset is amortized on straight line method over an estimated useful life of 6 years.

d. Operating leases

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the asset are classified as operating leases and assets subjected to operating leases are included in the fixed assets.

e. Investments

Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long term investments.

i. Current Investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.

Ii. Long-term investments are carried at cost.

f. Inventories

I. Raw Materials, Stores and Spares are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using weighted average method.

Ii. Work in process and finished goods other than by-products are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is arrived at by absorption cost method.

Iii. By-products are valued at net realizable value.

iv. Necessary provisions are made for obsolete and non-moving inventories as per the policy framed by the management and the value of inventory is net of such provision.

v. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

g. Foreign Currency Transactions

i. Initial Recognition: Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction.

ii. Conversion: Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies other than those covered by forward contracts are reinstated into rupee equivalents at the exchange rates as on the reporting date.

iii. Forward Exchange Contracts: In respect of transactions covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the date of the transaction is recognized as income or expense over the period of the contract.

h. Revenue Recognition

i. Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the customer, which generally coincides with their delivery to customers/customers representatives. Sales reported includes excise duty and excludes discounts, rebates, returns, sales tax and value added tax.

ii. Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

iii. Dividend income is recognized when the Company''s right to receive dividend is established.

iv. Lease income in respect of "Operating Lease" is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease terms.

v. All other incomes are accounted for on accrual basis.

i. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss except in cases where the borrowings are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying asset in which case they are capitalized.

Exchange Differences: Exchange difference arising from foreign currency borrowings are recognized as borrowing cost to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs as per AS 16 Borrowing Costs.

j. Excise Duty

Excise Duty in respect of goods manufactured by the Company is accounted on accrual basis.

k. Employee Benefits

i. Short Term Employee Benefits:

All employee benefits payable within twelve months of rendering of services are classified as short term benefits. Such benefits include salaries, wages, bonus, short term compensated absences, awards, excreta, performance pay etc., and the same are recognized in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

ii. Post Employment Benefits:

a. Defined Contribution Plan:

The Company''s approved Superannuation Scheme and Central Government Provident Fund Scheme, are defined contribution plans. The contribution paid / payable under the schemes are recognized during the period in which the employee renders the related service.

b. Defined Benefit Plans:

The employee''s gratuity fund scheme, long term compensated absences is Company''s defined benefit plans. The present value of the obligation under such defined benefit plans is determined based on the actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at the date of the Balance Sheet. In case of funded plans, the fair value of plan asset is reduced from the gross obligation under the defined benefit plans, to recognize the obligation on net basis.

I. Taxes on Income

i. Deferred tax is recognized on timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date.

Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

ii. Provision for current tax is made on the basis of the taxable profits computed for the current accounting period in accordance with Income Tax Act, 1961.

iii. Advance taxes and provisions for current Income Tax are presented in the Balance Sheet after off-setting advance taxes paid and Income Tax provision arising in the same tax jurisdiction and the Company intends to settle the assets and liabilities on a net basis.

iv. Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) credit is recognized as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the period of MAT credit entitlement as per the Income-tax Act, 1961. In the year in which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in Guidance Note issued by the ICAI, the said asset is created by way of a credit to the Statement of Profit and Loss and shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each Balance Sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period.

m. Research and Development Expenses

Revenue expenditure on the Research and Development is charged off as expense in the year in which incurred. Capital expenditure is grouped with Fixed Assets under appropriate heads and depreciation is provided as per the rates applicable.

n. Earnings Per Share

Basic Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

o. Provisions and Contingencies

i. Necessary provisions are made for the present obligations that arise out of past events prior to the Balance Sheet date entailing future outflow of economic resources. Such provisions reflect best estimates based on available information.

ii. However, a disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision is made.

p. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of Cash Flow Statement comprise cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

q. Impairment of Asset

The Company assesses at each Balance Sheet date whether there is any indication due to internal or external factors than an asset or a group of asset comprising a Cash Generating Unit(CGU) may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the assets. If such recoverable amount of the assets or the recoverable amount (economic value in use) of the CGU, to which the asset belongs is less than the carrying amount of the assets or the CGU as the case may be, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount and the reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If at any subsequent Balance Sheet date there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount subject to a maximum of depreciated historical cost and is accordingly reversed in the Statement of Profit and Loss.


Mar 31, 2015

1. Basis of preparation of financial statements

a. The financial statements have been prepared and presented in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP) under the historical cost convention.

b. The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material respects with the Accounting Standards specified under Section 133 of the Act, read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

c. The Company follows mercantile system of accounting and recognises income and expenditure on an accrual basis except those with significant uncertainties.

d. The accounting policies applied by the Company are consistent with those used in the previous year.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies:

a. Use of Estimates

Estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements are based on management''s evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as at the date of the Financial Statements, which may differ from the actual results at a subsequent date.

b. Fixed Assets

i. Tangible fixed assets are stated at original cost net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. The cost of the fixed asset includes the purchase price and the incidental or directly attributable expenses incurred in bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

ii. Borrowing Costs relating to acquisition and construction of qualifying assets are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.

iii. Pre-operative expenditure including trial run expenses comprising of revenue expenses incurred as reduced by the revenue generated during the period up to commencement of commercial production are treated as part of project costs and are capitalized.

iv. Intangible assets expected to provide future enduring economic benefits are recorded at the value of consideration paid for acquisition of such assets and are carried at cost of acquisition net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any.

v. Cost of fixed assets not ready for use before the Balance Sheet date is disclosed as capital work-in-progress.

c. Depreciation and Amortisation

i. The Company has provided for depreciation using the straight line method, based on the useful lives specified in Schedule II Part C to the Companies Act, 2013, except in case of the following assets:

ii. Freehold land is not depreciated.

iii. In the event of sale / retirement of assets, depreciation is provided up to the date of sale / retirement.

iv. The Mining Right acquired by the Company is amortised over 11 years being the period of lease.

v. Computer software recognised as intangible asset is amortised on straight line method over an estimated useful life of 6 years.

d. Operating leases

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the asset are classified as operating leases and assets subjected to operating leases are included in the fixed assets.

e. Investments

Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long term investments.

i. Current Investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.

ii. Long-term investments are carried at cost.

f. Inventories

i. Raw Materials, Stores and Spares are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using Weighted Average method.

ii. Work in process and finished goods other than by-products are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is arrived at by absorption cost method.

iii. By-products are valued at net realisable value.

iv. Necessary provisions are made for obsolete and non-moving inventories as per the policy framed by the Management and the value of inventory is net of such provision.

v. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

g. Foreign Currency Transactions

i. Initial Recognition: Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction.

ii. Conversion: Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies other than those covered by forward contracts are reinstated into rupee equivalents at the exchange rates as on the reporting date.

iii. Forward Exchange Contracts: In respect of transactions covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the date of the transaction is recognised as income or expense over the period of the contract.

h. Revenue Recognition

i. Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the customer, which generally coincides with their delivery to customers/customers'' representatives. Sales reported includes excise duty and excludes discounts, rebates, returns, sales tax and value added tax.

ii. Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

iii. Dividend income is recognised when the Company''s right to receive dividend is established.

iv. Lease income in respect of ''''Operating Lease'''' is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease terms.

v. All other income are accounted for on accrual basis.

i. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss except in cases where the borrowings are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying asset, in which case they are capitalised.

Exchange Differences: Exchange difference arising from foreign currency borrowings are recognised as borrowing cost to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs as per AS 16 Borrowing Costs.

j. Excise Duty

Excise Duty in respect of goods manufactured by the Company is accounted on accrual basis.

k. Employee Benefits

i. Short Term Employee Benefits:

All employee benefits payable within twelve months of rendering of services are classified as short term benefits. Such benefits include salaries, wages, bonus, short term compensated absences, awards, exgratia, performance pay etc., and the same are recognised in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

ii. Post Employment Benefits:

a. Defined Contribution Plan:

The Company''s approved Superannuation Scheme and Central Government Provident Fund Scheme, are defined contribution plans. The contribution paid / payable under the schemes are recognised during the period in which the employee renders the related service.

b. Defined Benefit Plans:

The employee''s gratuity fund scheme, long term compensated absences is Company''s defined benefit plans. The present value of the obligation under such defined benefit plans is determined based on the actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at the date of the Balance Sheet. In case of funded plans, the fair value of plan asset is reduced from the gross obligation under the defined benefit plans, to recognise the obligation on net basis.

l. Taxes on Income

i. Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date.

Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.

ii. Provision for current tax is made on the basis of the taxable profits computed for the current accounting period in accordance with Income Tax Act, 1961.

iii. Advance taxes and provisions for current Income Tax are presented in the Balance Sheet after setting off advance taxes paid and Income Tax provision arising in the same tax jurisdiction and the Company intends to settle the assets and liabilities on a net basis.

iv. Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the period of MAT credit entitlement as per the Income-tax Act, 1961. In the year in which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognised as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in Guidance Note issued by the ICAI, the said asset is created by way of a credit to the Statement of Profit and Loss and shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each Balance Sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of mAt Credit Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period.

m. Research and Development Expenses

Revenue expenditure on the Research and Development is charged off as expense in the year in which incurred. Capital expenditure is grouped with Fixed Assets under appropriate heads and depreciation is provided as per the rates applicable.

n. Earnings Per Share

Basic Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

o. Provisions and Contingencies

i. Necessary provisions are made for the present obligations that arise out of past events prior to the Balance Sheet date entailing future outflow of economic resources. Such provisions reflect best estimates based on available information.

ii. However, a disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision is made.

p. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of Cash Flow Statement comprise cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

q. Impairment of Asset

The Company assesses at each Balance Sheet date whether there is any indication due to internal or external factors than an asset or a group of asset comprising a Cash Generating Unit(CGU) may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the assets. If such recoverable amount of the assets or the recoverable amount (economic value in use) of the CGU, to which the asset belongs is less than the carrying amount of the assets or the CGU as the case may be, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount and the reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If at any subsequent Balance Sheet date there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount subject to a maximum of depreciated historical cost and is accordingly reversed in the Statement of Profit and Loss.


Mar 31, 2013

A. Use of Estimates

Estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements are based on management''s evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as of date of the financial statements, which may differ from the actual results at a subsequent date.

b. Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are stated at original cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost comprises the purchase price and any other attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Financing costs relating to acquisition of qualifying fixed assets are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use. Cenvat and other credits availed have been deducted from the cost of respective assets. Intangible assets are recorded at the consideration paid for acquisition.

c. Depreciation and Amortisation

i. Depreciation on the fixed assets of the casting division at Solapur, acquired under the "Slump Sale Agreement" entered into with Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd, is provided on straight line method over the remaining useful life of the asset ranging from 1 year to 18 years.

ii. In respect of specific plant and machinery acquired from Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd, and installed at Bevinahalli Village, Koppal District, Karnataka, depreciation is provided on straight line method over the remaining useful life of the asset ranging from 5 years to 9 years.

iii. Mining Rights are amortised over 11 years being the period of lease.

iv. On all other fixed assets, depreciation is provided on straight line method in the manner and at the rates specified in Schedule-XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

v. Fixed assets individually costing rupees five thousand or less are depreciated at 100 percent over a period of one year.

vi. Intangible assets are amortised over their respective individual estimated useful lives on a straight line basis, commencing from the date the asset is available to the Company for its intended use.

d. Investments

Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long term investments.

i. Current Investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.

ii. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a decline other than temporary in the value of investments.

e. Inventories

i. Raw Materials, Stores and Spares are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Rates are determined on Weighted Average Cost formula.

ii. Work in progress and finished goods other than by-products are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is arrived at by absorption cost method.

iii. By-products are valued at net realisable value.

iv. Necessary provisions are made for obsolete and non-moving inventories as per the policy framed by the management and the value of inventory is net of provision.

v. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

f. Foreign Currency Transactions

i. Initial Recognition: Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction.

ii. Conversion: Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies other than those covered by forward contracts are reinstated into rupee equivalents at the exchange rates as on the reporting date.

iii. Forward Exchange Contracts: In respect of transactions covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the date of the transaction is recognised as income or expense over the period of the contract.

iv. Exchange Differences: All exchange differences arising on settlement/conversion of foreign currency transactions are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

g. Revenue Recognition

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the customer, which generally coincides with their delivery to customers/customers representatives. Sales are stated net of discounts, rebates and returns.

h. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss except in cases where the borrowings are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying asset.

i. Excise Duty

Excise Duty in respect of goods manufactured by the Company is accounted on accrual basis.

j. Employee Benefits

i. Short Term Employee Benefits:

All employee benefits payable within twelve months of rendering of services are classified as short term benefits. Such benefits include salaries, wages, bonus, short term compensated absences, awards, exgratia, performance pay etc., and the same are recognised in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

ii. Post Employment Benefits:

a. Defined Contribution Plan:

The Company''s approved Superannuation Scheme, Central Government Provident Fund Scheme, are defined contribution plans. The contribution paid / payable under the schemes are recognised during the period in which the employee renders the related service.

b. Defined Benefit Plans:

The employee''s gratuity fund scheme, long term compensated absences is Company''s defined benefit plans. The present value of the obligation under such defined benefit plans is determined based on the actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at the date of the Balance Sheet. In case of funded plans, the fair value of plan asset is reduced from the gross obligation under the defined benefit plans, to recognise the obligation on net basis.

k. Taxes on Income

i. Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income for the year. The tax effect is calculated on the accumulated timing differences at the end of accounting period based on prevailing enacted or subsequently enacted regulations.

ii. Provision for current tax is made on the basis of the taxable profits computed for the current accounting period in accordance with Income Tax Act, 1961.

iii. Advance taxes and provisions for current Income Tax are presented in the Balance Sheet after off-setting advance taxes paid and Income Tax provision arising in the same tax jurisdiction and the Company intends to settle the assets and liabilities on a net basis.

l. Research and Development Expenses

Revenue expenditure on the Research and Development is charged off as expense in the year in which incurred. Capital expenditure is grouped with Fixed Assets under appropriate heads and depreciation is provided as per the rates applicable.

m. Earnings per share

Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year after prior period adjustments attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

n. Provisions and Contingencies:

i) Necessary provisions are made for the present obligations that arise out of past events prior to the Balance Sheet date entailing future outflow of economic resources. Such provisions reflect best estimates based on available information.

ii) However, a disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

o. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short term investments with an original maturity of twelve months or less.

p. Impairment of Assets

The Company assesses at each Balance Sheet date whether there is any indication due to internal or external factors that an asset or a group of assets comprising a Cash Generating Unit (CGU) may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the assets. If such recoverable amount of the assets or the recoverable amount (economic value in use) of the CGU, to which the asset belongs is less than the carrying amount of the assets or the CGU as the case may be, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount and the reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If at any subsequent Balance Sheet date there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at recoverable amount subject to a maximum of depreciated historical cost and is accordingly reversed in the Statement of Profit and Loss.


Mar 31, 2012

A. Use of Estimates

Estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements are based on management's evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as of date of the Financial Statements, which may differ from the actual results at a subsequent date.

b. Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are stated at original cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost comprises the purchase price and any other attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Financing costs relating to acquisition of qualifying fixed assets are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use. Cenvat and other credits availed have been deducted from the cost of respective assets.

c. Depreciation and Amortization

i. Depreciation on the fixed assets of the casting division at Solapur, acquired under the 'Slump Sale Agreement' entered into with Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd, is provided on straight line method over the remaining useful life of the asset ranging from 1 year to 18 years.

ii. In respect of specific plant and machinery installed at Koppal and acquired from Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd, depreciation is provided on straight line method over the remaining useful life of the asset ranging from 5 years to 9 years.

iii. Mining rights are amortized over 11 years being the period of lease.

iv. On all other fixed assets, depreciation is provided on straight line method in the manner and at the rates specified in Schedule-XI V to the Companies Act, 1956.

d. Investments

Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long term investments.

i. Current Investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.

ii. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of investments.

e. Inventories

i. Raw Materials, Stores and Spares are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Rates are determined on Weighted Average Cost formula.

ii. Work in progress and finished goods other than by-products are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is arrived at by absorption cost method.

iii. By-products are valued at net realizable value.

f. Foreign Currency Transactions

i. Initial Recognition: Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction.

ii. Conversion: At the year end, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies other than those covered by forward contracts are converted into rupee equivalents at the year-end exchange rates.

iii. Forward Exchange Contracts: In respect of transactions covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the date of the transaction is recognized as income or expense over the period of the contract.

iv. Exchange Differences: All exchange differences arising on settlement / conversion of foreign currency transactions are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

g. Revenue Recognition

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the customer, which generally coincides with their delivery to customers. Sales are stated net of discounts, rebates and returns.

h. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss except in cases where the borrowings are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a asset.

i. Excise Duty

Excise Duty in respect of goods manufactured by the Company is accounted on accrual basis.

j. Employee Benefits

i. Short Term Employee Benefits:

All employee benefits payable within twelve months of rendering of services are classified as short term benefits. Such benefits include salaries, wages, bonus, short term compensated absences, awards, exgratia, performance pay etc., and the same are recognized in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

ii. Post Employment Benefits:

a. Defined Contribution Plan:

The Company's approved Superannuation Scheme, Central Government Provident Fund Scheme, are defined contribution plans. The contribution paid / payable under the schemes are recognized during the period in which the employee renders the related service.

b. Defined Benefit Plans:

The employee's gratuity fund scheme, long term compensated absences is Company's defined benefit plans. The present value of the obligation under such defined benefit plans is determined based on the actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at the date of the Balance Sheet. In case of funded plans, the fair value of plan asset is reduced from the gross obligation under the defined benefit plans, to recognize the obligation on net basis.

k. Taxes on Income

i. Deferred tax is recognized on timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income for the year. The tax effect is calculated on the accumulated timing differences at the end of accounting period based on prevailing enacted or subsequently enacted regulations.

ii. Provision for current tax is made on the basis of the taxable profits computed for the current accounting period in accordance with Income Tax Act, 1961.

iii. Advance taxes and provisions for current Income Tax are presented in the Balance Sheet after off-setting advance taxes paid and Income Tax provision arising in the same tax jurisdiction and the Company intends to settle the assets and liabilities on a net basis.

I. Research and Development Expenses

Revenue expenditure on the Research and Development is charged off as expense in the year in which incurred. Capital expenditure is grouped with Fixed Assets under appropriate heads and depreciation is provided as per the rates applicable.

m. Earnings per share

Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year after prior period adjustments attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

n. Provisions and Contingencies:

i. Necessary provisions are made for the present obligations that arise out of past events prior to the Balance Sheet date entailing future outflow of economic resources. Such provisions reflect best estimates based on available information.

ii. However, a disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

o. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short term investments with an original maturity of twelve months or less.


Mar 31, 2011

1.01 Basis of preparation of financial statements

a) The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material respects with the mandatory Accounting Standards notified under Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

b) The Company follows mercantile system of accounting and recognizes income & expenditure on an accrual basis except those with significant uncertainties.

c) The accounting policies applied by the Company are consistent with those used in the previous year.

1.02 Use of estimates

Estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements are based on managements evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as of date of the financial statements, which may differ from the actual results at a subsequent date.

1.03 Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are stated at original cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost comprises the purchase price and any other attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Financing costs relating to acquisition of qualifying fixed assets are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use. Cenvat / other credits availed have been deducted from the cost of respective assets.

1.04 Depreciation and Amortisation

a) Depreciation on the fixed assets of the casting division at Solapur, acquired under the "Slump Sale Agreement "entered into with Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd, is provided on straight line method over the remaining useful life of the asset ranging from 1 year to 18 years.

b) In respect of the plant and machinery acquired from Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd, depreciation is provided on straight line method over the remaining useful life of the asset ranging from 5 years to 9 years.

c) Mining Rights are amortised over 11 years being the period of lease.

d) On all other fixed assets, depreciation is provided on straight line method in the manner and at the rates specified in Schedule-XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

1.05 Investments

Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long term investments.

a) Current Investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.

b) Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of investments.

1.06 Inventories

a) Raw Materials, Stores and Spares are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Rates are determined on Weighted Average Cost formula.

b) Work in process and finished goods other than by-product are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is arrived at by absorption cost method.

c) By-products are valued at net realizable value. {

1.07 Foreign Currency Transactions

a) Initial Recognition: Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction.

b) Conversion: At the year end, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies other than those covered by forward contracts are converted into rupee equivalents at the year-end exchange rates.

c) Forward Exchange Contracts: In respect of transactions covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the date of the transaction is recognized as income or expense over the period of the contract.

d) Exchange Differences: All exchange differences arising on settlement/conversion of foreign currency transactions are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

1.08 Revenue Recognition

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the customer, which generally coincides with their delivery to customers. Sales are stated net of discounts, rebates and returns.

1.09 Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs are charged to Profit and Loss account except in cases where the borrowings are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a asset.

1.10 Excise Duty

Excise Duty in respect of goods manufactured by the Company is accounted on accrual basis.

1.11 Employee Benefits

a) Short Term Employee Benefits:

All employee benefits payable within twelve months of rendering of services are classified as short term benefits. Such benefits include salaries, wages, bonus, short term compensated absences, awards, exgratia, performance pay etc., and the same are recognized in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

b) Post Employment Benefits:

i) Defined Contribution Plan:

The Companys approved Superannuation Scheme, Central Government Provident Fund Scheme, are defined contribution plans. The contribution paid / payable under the schemes are recognized during the period in which the employee renders the related service.

ii) Defined Benefit Plans:

The employees gratuity fund scheme, long term compensated absences are Companys defined benefit plans. The present value of the obligation under such defined benefit plans is determined based on the actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at the date of the Balance Sheet. In case of funded plans, the fair value of plan asset is reduced from the gross obligation under the defined benefit plans, to recognize the obligation on net basis.

1.12 Taxes on Income

a) Deferred tax is recognized on timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income for the year. The tax effect is calculated on the accumulated timing differences at the end of accounting period based on prevailing enacted or subsequently enacted regulations.

b) Provision for current tax is made on the basis of the taxable profits computed for the current accounting period in accordance with Income Tax Act, 1961.

c) Advance taxes and provisions for current Income Tax are presented in the Balance Sheet after

off-setting advance taxes paid and Income Tax provision arising in the same tax jurisdiction and the Company intends to settle the assets and liabilities on a net basis.

1.13 Research and Development Expenses

Revenue expenditure on the Research and Development is charged off as expense in the year in which incurred. Capital expenditure is grouped with Fixed Assets under appropriate heads and depreciation is provided as per the rates applicable.

1.14 Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year after prior period adjustments attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.


Mar 31, 2010

1.01 Basis of preparation of financial statements

a) The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material respects with the mandatory Accounting Standards notified under Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

b) The Company follows mercantile system of accounting and recognizes income & expenditure on an accrual basis except those with significant uncertainties.

c) The accounting policies applied by the Company are consistent with those used in the previous year.

1.02 Use of estimates

Estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements are based on managements evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as of date of the financial statements, which may differ from the actual results at a subsequent date.

1.03 Fixed Assets

a) Fixed assets (except Goodwill) are stated at original cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost comprises the purchase price and any other attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Financing costs relating to acquisition of qualifying fixed assets are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use. Cenvat / other credits availed have been deducted from the cost of respective assets.

b) Goodwill : Difference between the purchase consideration and the net assets as on the date of acquisition of Solapur unit from Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd. has been treated as goodwill.

1.04 Depreciation and Amortisation

a) Depreciation on the fixed assets of the casting division at Solapur, acquired underthe "Slump Sale Agreement "entered into with Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd, is provided on straight line method over the remaining useful life of the asset ranging from 1 yearto 18 years.

b) In respect of the plant and machinery acquired from Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd, depreciation is provided on straight line method over the remaining useful life of the asset ranging from 5 years to 9 years.

c) Goodwill arising out of acquisition of Solapur unit from Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd. is amortised over a period of 36 months commencing from 1 st January, 2007.

d) Mining Rights are amortised over 11 years being the period of lease.

e) On all other fixed assets depreciation is provided on straight line method in the manner and at the rates specified in Schedule-XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

1.05 Investments

Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long term investments.

a) Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.

b) Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of investments.

1.06 Inventories

a) Raw Materials, Stores and Spares are valued at lower of Cost and net realizable value. Rates are determined on weighted average cost formula.

b) Work in process and finished goods other than by-product are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is arrived at by absorption cost method.

c) By-products, self generated scrap and non reusable waste are valued at net realizable value.

1.07 Foreign Currency Transactions

a) Initial Recognition: Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction.

b) Conversion: At the year end, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies other than those covered by forward contracts are converted into rupee equivalents at the year-end exchange rates.

c) Forward Exchange Contracts: In respect of transactions covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the date of the transaction is recognized as income or expense over the period of the contract.

d) Exchange Differences: All exchange differences arising on settlement/conversion of foreign currency transactions are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

1.08 Revenue Recognition

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the customer, which generally coincides with their delivery to customers. Sales are stated net of discounts, rebates and returns.

1.09 Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs are charged to Profit and Loss account except in cases where the borrowings are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use.

1.10 Excise Duty

Excise Duty in respect of goods manufactured by the Company is accounted on accrual basis.

1.11 Employee Benefits

a) Short Term Employee Benefits:

All employee benefits payable within twelve months of rendering of services are classified as short term benefits. Such benefits include salaries, wages, bonus, short term compensated absences, awards, exgratia, performance pay etc., and the same are recognized in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

b) Post Employment Benefits:

i) Defined Contribution Plan:

The Companys approved Superannuation Schemes, Central Government Provident Fund Scheme, are defined contribution plans. The contribution paid / payable under the schemes are recognized during the period in which the employee renders the related service.

ii) Defined Benefit Plans:

The employees gratuity fund scheme, long term compensated absences are Companys defined benefit plans. The present value of the obligation under such defined benefit plans is determined based on the actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at the date of the Balance Sheet. In case of funded plans, the fair value of plan asset is reduced from the gross obligation under the defined benefit plans, to recognize the obligation on net basis.

1.12 Taxes on Income

a) Deferred tax is recognized on timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income for the year. The tax effect is calculated on the accumulated timing differences at the end of accounting period based on prevailing enacted or subsequently enacted regulations.

b) Provision for current tax is made on the basis of the taxable profits computed for the current accounting period in accordance with Income Tax Act, 1961.

c) Advance taxes and provisions for current Income Tax are presented in the Balance Sheet after off-setting advance taxes paid and Income Tax provision arising in the same tax jurisdiction and the Company intends to settle the assets and liabilities on a net basis.

1.13 Research and Development Expenses

Revenue expenditure on the Research and Development is charged off as expense in the year in which incurred. Capital expenditure is grouped with Fixed Assets under appropriate heads and Depreciation is provided as perthe rates applicable.

1.14 Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year after prior period adjustments attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

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