Accounting Policies of Melstar Information Technology Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2015

A) System of Accounting:

The Financial Statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, except where impairment is made and on accrual basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in India, including the Accounting Standards specified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014. Accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and are consistent with those used in the Previous Year.

b) Use of estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, income and expenses. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revision to accounting estimate is recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future period affected.

c) Fixed Assets and Intangible Assets :

Fixed Assets are valued at cost, except for certain Fixed Assets which have been stated at revalued amounts as determined by approved independent value, after reducing accumulated depreciation until the date of the balance sheet. Direct Costs are capitalized until the assets are ready to use and include financing costs relating to any specific borrowing attributable to the acquisition of fixed assets.

Intangible assets are recognized, only if it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the enterprise and the cost of the assets can be measured reliably. The intangible assets are recorded at cost and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

d) Investments:

Long Term Investments are stated at cost, which include cost of acquisition and related expenses. Provision is made to recognize a decline, other than temporary, in the value of investments. Current investments are stated at cost or fair value whichever is lower.

Overseas Investments are carried at their original rupee cost.

e) Depreciation and Amortization:

With effect from 1st April 2014, depreciation in respect of assets is provided on the basis of useful lives of assets as prescribed in Part 'C' of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

Prior to 1st April 2014, Depreciation in respect of assets has been provided for on Straight Line Method at the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Depreciation on revalued fxed assets has been provided on Straight Line Method over the residual life of the asset and charged to the Profit and Loss account. Individual assets cost of which doesn't exceed Rs. 5,000/- each are depreciated in full in the year of purchase.

Leasehold land is written off over the lease period.

Intangible Assets– Computer Software are amortized over a period of five years based on the technical evaluation of their useful economic life.

f) Inventories:

Software Finished Goods (Traded) :

Software Finished Goods (Traded) are valued at cost (arrived on FIFO basis) or net realizable value, whichever is lower.

g) Foreign Currency Transactions/Translation:

Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the original rates of exchange in force at the time transactions are affected. Exchange differences arising on settlement of all transactions are recognized in the Profit and loss account.

Monetary items denominated in foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates prevailing at the date of balance sheet and the resulting net exchange difference is recognized in the Profit and loss account.

Foreign Branches:

The translation of financial statements of Foreign Branches is done as under in accordance with Accounting Standard (AS) 11 (Revised) on 'The Effect of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates', considering its foreign branches as non-integral foreign operations:

i. All the items of income and expenses during the year are translated at an average rate.

ii. All the monetary and non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at closing rate.

iii. The resulting exchange difference is accumulated in 'foreign currency translation reserve' until the disposal of the net investment in the said non-integral foreign operations.

h) Borrowing Costs:

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

i) Employee benefits :

a) Post Employment Benefits and Other Long Term Benefits.

i) Defined Contribution Scheme

Company's contribution for the year paid/payable to Defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged to Profit and Loss Account.

ii) Defined Benefit and Other Long Term Benefit Schemes

Company's liabilities towards Defined benefit schemes and other long term benefits viz. gratuity and compensated absences expected to occur after twelve months, are determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method. Actuarial valuations under the Projected Unit Credit Method are carried out at the balance sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in the Profit and Loss account in the period of occurrence of such gains and losses. Past service cost is recognized immediately to the extent benefits are vested, otherwise it is amortized on straight-line basis over the remaining average period until the benefits become vested.

The retirement benefit obligation recognized in the balance sheet represents the present value of the Defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognized past service cost.

b) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognized undiscounted during the period employee renders services. Such benefits include bonus/ ex-gratia/ compensated absences.

j) Revenue recognition:

Revenues from software consultancy services are recognized on specified terms of contract in case of contract on time basis and in case of fixed price contract, revenue is recognized using percentage of completion method of accounting. Revenues from software products trading are recognized upon acceptance of delivery of such software products. Unbilled services included in other current assets represents amount recognized based on services performed in advance of billing in accordance with contract terms.

Amount received in advance of services performed are recorded as unearned income.

Revenues outside India include value added tax wherever applicable.

Revenues in India exclude service tax charged.

Revenue is recognized only when it is reasonably certain that the ultimate collection will be made.

Dividend Income is recognized in the statement of Profit and Loss, when right to receive payment is established.

Interest income is recognized on time proportion basis.

Lease rentals are recognized on straight line basis over the lease term.

k) Taxes on Income:

Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income for the year.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives rise to future economic benefit in the form of adjustment of future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal tax after the tax holiday period.

Deferred tax is recognized, subject to consideration of prudence, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax assets arising on account of unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward losses are recognized only to the extent that there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. At each balance sheet date the Company reassesses unrecognized deferred tax assets, to the extent they become reasonably certain or virtually certain of realization, as the case may be.

l) Fringe Benefit Tax:

Fringe Benefit Tax was recognized in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and the Guidance note on Fringe Benefit Tax issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI).

m) Operating Leases:

Assets taken on lease under which all risks and rewards of ownership are effectively retained by the less or are classified as operating lease. Lease payments under operating leases are recognized as expenses on accrual basis in accordance with the respective lease agreements.

n) Impairment of assets:

An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of the asset exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to Profit and Loss account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting periods is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of the recoverable amount.

o) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the Notes to Accounts. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.

p) Cash Flow Statement:

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net Profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash fows. The cash fows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

q) Earnings per share:

In determining earnings per share, the company considers the net Profit after tax after reducing the preference dividend and tax thereon and includes the post-tax effect of any extra-ordinary items. The number of shares used in computing basic earnings per share is the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. The number of shares used in computing diluted earnings per share comprises the weighted average number of shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share, and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

r) Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of Cash Flow Statement comprises of cash at banks, cash in hand (including cherubs in hand) and bank deposits with maturity of less than three months.

Terms /Rights attached to Equity Shares

The Company has only one class of equity shares having a par value of Rs. 10 per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share.

In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.

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Mar 31, 2014

A) System of Accounting:

The Financial Statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, except where impairment is made and on accrual basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in India and the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 read with General Circular 15/2013 dated 13th September 2013, issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, in respect of section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013. Accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and are consistent with those used in the Previous Year.

b) Use of estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, income and expenses. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revision to accounting estimate is recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future period affected.

c) Fixed Assets and Intangible Assets :

Fixed Assets are valued at cost, except for certain Fixed Assets which have been stated at revalued amounts as determined by approved independent valuer, after reducing accumulated depreciation until the date of the balance sheet. Direct Costs are capitalised until the assets are ready to use and include financing costs relating to any specific borrowing attributable to the acquisition of fixed assets.

Intangible assets are recognised, only if it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the enterprise and the cost of the assets can be measured reliably. The intangible assets are recorded at cost and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

d) Investments:

Long Term Investments are stated at cost, which include cost of acquisition and related expenses. Provision is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of investments. Current investments are stated at cost or fair value whichever is lower.

Overseas Investments are carried at their original rupee cost.

e) Depreciation and Amortisation:

Depreciation in respect of assets is provided for on Straight Line Method at the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Depreciation on revalued fixed assets is provided on Straight Line Method over the residual life of the asset and charged to the Profit and Loss account. Individual assets cost of which doesn''t exceed Rs. 5,000/- each are depreciated in full in the year of purchase. Leasehold land is written off over the lease period.

Intangible Assets- Computer Software are amortised over a period of five years based on the technical evaluation of their useful economic life.

f) Inventories:

Software Finished Goods (Traded) :

Software Finished Goods (Traded) are valued at cost (arrived on FIFO basis) or net realisable value, whichever is lower.

g) Foreign Currency Transactions/Translation:

Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the original rates of exchange in force at the time transactions are effected. Exchange differences arising on settlement of all transactions are recognised in the profit and loss account.

Monetary items denominated in foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates prevailing at the date of balance sheet and the resulting net exchange difference is recognised in the profit and loss account.

Foreign Branches:

The translation of financial statements of Foreign Branches is done as under in accordance with Accounting Standard (AS) 11 (Revised) on ''The Effect of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates'', considering its foreign branches as non-integral foreign operations:

i. All the items of income and expenses during the year are translated at an average rate.

ii. All the monetary and non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at closing rate.

iii. The resulting exchange difference is accumulated in ''foreign currency translation reserve'' until the disposal of the net investment in the said non-integral foreign operations.

h) Borrowing Costs:

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

i) Employee benefits :

a) Post Employment Benefits and Other Long Term Benefits.

i) Defined Contribution Scheme Company''s contribution for the year paid/payable to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged to Profit and Loss Account.

ii) Defined Benefit and Other Long Term Benefit Schemes

Company''s liabilities towards defined benefit schemes and other long term benefits viz. gratuity and compensated absences expected to occur after twelve months, are determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method. Actuarial valuations under the Projected Unit Credit Method are carried out at the balance sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss account in the period of occurrence of such gains and losses. Past service cost is recognised immediately to the extent benefits are vested, otherwise it is amortised on straight-line basis over the remaining average period until the benefits become vested.

The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognised past service cost.

b) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognised undiscounted during the period employee renders services. Such benefits include bonus/ ex-gratia/ compensated absences.

j) Revenue recognition:

Revenues from software consultancy services are recognised on specified terms of contract in case of contract on time basis and in case of fixed price contract, revenue is recognized using percentage of completion method of accounting. Revenues from software products trading are recognized upon acceptance of delivery of such software products. Unbilled services included in other current assets represents amount recognized based on services performed in advance of billing in accordance with contract terms.

Amount received in advance of services performed are recorded as unearned income.

Revenues outside India include value added tax wherever applicable.

Revenues in India exclude service tax charged.

Revenue is recognised only when it is reasonably certain that the ultimate collection will be made.

Dividend Income is recognised in the statement of Profit and Loss, when right to receive payment is established.

Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis.

Lease rentals are recognised on straight line basis over the lease term.

k) Taxes on Income:

Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income for the year.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives rise to future economic benefit in the form of adjustment of future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal tax after the tax holiday period.

Deferred tax is recognized, subject to consideration of prudence, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax assets arising on account of unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward losses are recognized only to the extent that there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. At each balance sheet date the Company reassesses unrecognised deferred tax assets, to the extent they become reasonably certain or virtually certain of realisation, as the case may be.

l) Fringe Benefit Tax:

Fringe Benefit Tax was recognized in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and the Guidance note on Fringe Benefit Tax issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI).

m) Operating Leases:

Assets taken on lease under which all risks and rewards of ownership are effectively retained by the lessor are classified as operating lease. Lease payments under operating leases are recognised as expenses on accrual basis in accordance with the respective lease agreements.

n) Impairment of assets:

An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of the asset exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to Profit and Loss account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting periods is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of the recoverable amount.

o) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed in the Notes to Accounts. Contingent Assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial statements.

p) Cash Flow Statement:

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

q) Earnings per share:

In determining earnings per share, the company considers the net profit after tax after reducing the preference dividend and tax thereon and includes the post-tax effect of any extra-ordinary items. The number of shares used in computing basic earnings per share is the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. The number of shares used in computing diluted earnings per share comprises the weighted average number of shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share, and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

r) Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of Cash Flow Statement comprises of cash at banks, cash in hand (including cheques in hand) and bank deposits with maturity of less than three months.

Terms /Rights attached to Equity Shares

The Company has only one class of equity shares having a par value of Rs. 10 per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share.

In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.

Note :

a) Clean Overdraft Facility and Cash Credit Facility is secured by equitable mortgage by deposit of title deeds of office premises of the Company situated at Andheri (Mumbai) and further secured by hypothecation of receivables and other current assets of the Company.

b) Clean Overdraft Facility and Cash Credit Facility is repayable on demand subject to annual review. The rate of interest for Clean Overdraft Facility is Base Rate 3.75% and Base Rate 2.75% on Cash Credit Facility.

* Leasehold land is amortised over a period of lease.

** Building was revalued on 1st April, 2005 with reference to the fair market value; amount added on revaluation was Rs. 76,558,113; the revalued amount substituted for historical cost on 1st April 2005 was Rs. 126,130,511, based on report issued by approved independent valuer.

Note :

1 Adjustments/ deductions include obsolete fixed assets discarded during the year. (Cost Rs. 403,523/- accumulated depreciation and amortisation Rs. 302,100/-) (Previous year Cost Rs. 733,825/- and depreciation and amortisation Rs 489,291/-)

2 Figures shown in brackets are in respect of Previous Period.

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Mar 31, 2013

A) System of Accounting:

The accounts have been prepared on the basis of Going Concern concept and under the historical cost convention except for certain Fixed Assets which are revalued. The Company adopts accrual basis in preparation of its accounts to comply in all material aspects with applicable accounting principles generally accepted in India, the Accounting Standards as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules 2006 issued by the Central Government, in consultation with National Advisory Committee on Accounting Standards (''NACAS'') and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, to the extent applicable.

b) Use of estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, income and expenses. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revision to accounting estimate is recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future period affected.

c) Fixed Assets and Intangible Assets :

Fixed Assets are valued at cost, except for certain Fixed Assets which have been stated at revalued amounts as determined by approved independent value, after reducing accumulated depreciation until the date of the balance sheet. Direct Costs are capitalized until the assets are ready to use and include financing costs relating to any specific borrowing attributable to the acquisition of fixed assets.

Intangible assets are recognized, only if it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the enterprise and the cost of the assets can be measured reliably. The intangible assets are recorded at cost and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

d) Investments:

Long Term Investments are stated at cost, which include cost of acquisition and related expenses. Provision is made to recognize a decline, other than temporary, in the value of investments. Current investments are stated at cost or fair value whichever is lower.

Overseas Investments are carried at their original rupee cost.

e) Depreciation and Amortization:

Depreciation in respect of assets is provided for on Straight Line Method at the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Depreciation on revalued fixed assets is provided on Straight Line Method over the residual life of the asset and charged to the Profit and Loss account. Individual assets cost of which doesn''t exceed Rs. 5,000/- each are depreciated in full in the year of purchase.

Leasehold land is written off over the lease period.

Intangible Assets- Computer Software are amortized over a period of five years based on the technical evaluation of their useful economic life.

f) Inventories:

Software Finished Goods (Traded) :

Software Finished Goods (Traded) are valued at cost (arrived on FIFO basis) or net realizable value, whichever is lower.

g) Foreign Currency Transactions/Translation:

Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the original rates of exchange in force at the time transactions are affected. Exchange differences arising on settlement of all transactions are recognized in the profit and loss account.

Monetary items denominated in foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates prevailing at the date of balance sheet and the resulting net exchange difference is recognized in the profit and loss account.

Foreign Branches:

The translation of financial statements of Foreign Branches is done as under in accordance with Accounting Standard (AS)

11 (Revised) on ''The Effect of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates'', considering its foreign branches as non-integral foreign operations:

i. All the items of income and expenses during the year are translated at an average rate.

ii. All the monetary and non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at closing rate.

iii. The resulting exchange difference is accumulated in ''foreign currency translation reserve'' until the disposal of the net investment in the said non-integral foreign operations.

h) Borrowing Costs:

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

i) Employee benefits :

a) Post Employment Benefits and Other Long Term Benefits.

i) Defined Contribution Scheme

Company''s contribution for the year paid/payable to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged to Profit and Loss Account.

ii) Defined Benefit and Other Long Term Benefit Schemes Company''s liabilities towards defined benefit schemes and other long term benefits viz. gratuity and compensated absences expected to occur after twelve months, are determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method. Actuarial valuations under the Projected Unit Credit Method are carried out at the balance sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in the Profit and Loss account in the period of occurrence of such gains and losses. Past service cost is recognized immediately to the extent benefits are vested, otherwise it is amortized on straight-line basis over the remaining average period until the benefits become vested.

The retirement benefit obligation recognized in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognized past service cost.

b) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognized undiscounted during the period employee renders services. Such benefits include bonus/ ex-gratia/ compensated absences.

j) Revenue recognition:

Revenues from software consultancy services are recognized on specified terms of contract in case of contract on time basis and in case of fixed price contract, revenue is recognized using percentage of completion method of accounting. Revenues from software products trading are recognized upon acceptance of delivery of such software products. Unbilled services included in other current assets represents amount recognized based on services performed in advance of billing in accordance with contract terms.

Amount received in advance of services performed are recorded as unearned income.

Revenues outside India include value added tax wherever applicable.

Revenues in India exclude service tax charged.

Revenue is recognized only when it is reasonably certain that the ultimate collection will be made.

Dividend Income is recognized in the statement of Profit and Loss, when right to receive payment is established.

Interest income is recognized on time proportion basis.

Lease rentals are recognized on straight line basis over the lease term. k) Taxes on Income:

Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income for the year.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives rise to future economic benefit in the form of adjustment of future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal tax after the tax holiday period.

Deferred tax is recognized, subject to consideration of prudence, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax assets arising on account of unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward losses are recognized only to the extent that there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. At each balance sheet date the Company reassesses unrecognized deferred tax assets, to the extent they become reasonably certain or virtually certain of realization, as the case may be.

l) Fringe Benefit Tax:

Fringe Benefit Tax was recognized in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and the Guidance note on Fringe Benefit Tax issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI).

m) Operating Leases:

Assets taken on lease under which all risks and rewards of ownership are effectively retained by the less or are classified as operating lease. Lease payments under operating leases are recognized as expenses on accrual basis in accordance with the respective lease agreements.

n) Impairment of assets:

An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of the asset exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to Profit and Loss account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting periods is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of the recoverable amount.

o) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the Notes to Accounts. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.

p) Cash Flow Statement:

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

q) Earnings per share:

In determining earnings per share, the company considers the net profit after tax after reducing the preference dividend and tax thereon and includes the post-tax effect of any extra-ordinary items. The number of shares used in computing basic earnings per share is the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. The number of shares used in computing diluted earnings per share comprises the weighted average number of shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share, and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

r) Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of Cash Flow Statement comprises of cash at banks, cash in hand (including cheques in hand) and bank deposits with maturity of less than three months.

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Mar 31, 2012

A) System of Accounting:

The accounts have been prepared on the basis of Going Concern concept and under the historical cost convention except for certain Fixed Assets which are revalued. The Company adopts accrual basis in preparation of its accounts to comply in all material aspects with applicable accounting principles generally accepted in India, the Accounting Standards as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules 2006 issued by the Central Government, in consultation with National Advisory Committee on Accounting Standards ('NACAS') and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, to the extent applicable.

b) Use of estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, income and expenses. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revision to accounting estimate is recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future period affected.

c) Presentation and disclosure of financial statement:

During the year ended March 31, 2012, the revised Schedule VI notified under the Companies Act 1956, has become applicable to the company, for preparation and presentation of its financial statements. The adoption of revised Schedule VI does not impact recognition and measurement principles followed for preparation of financial statements. However, it has significant impact on presentation and disclosures made in the financial statements. The company has also reclassified the previous year figures in accordance with the requirements applicable in the current year.

d) Fixed Assets and Intangible Assets :

Fixed Assets are valued at cost, except for certain Fixed Assets which have been stated at revalued amounts as determined by approved independent valuer, after reducing accumulated depreciation until the date of the balance sheet. Direct Costs are capitalized until the assets are ready to use and include financing costs relating to any specific borrowing attributable to the acquisition of fixed assets.

Intangible assets are recognized, only if it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the enterprise and the cost of the assets can be measured reliably. The intangible assets are recorded at cost and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

e) Investments:

Long Term Investments are stated at cost, which include cost of acquisition and related expenses. Provision is made to recognize a decline, other than temporary, in the value of investments. Current investments are stated at cost or fair value whichever is lower.

Overseas Investments are carried at their original rupee cost.

f) Depreciation and Amortization:

Depreciation in respect of assets is provided for on Straight Line Method at the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Depreciation on revalued fixed assets is provided on Straight Line Method over the residual life of the asset and charged to the Profit and Loss account. Individual assets cost of which doesn't exceed Rs. 5,000/- each are depreciated in full in the year of purchase.

Leasehold land is written off over the lease period.

Intangible Assets- Computer Software are amortised over a period of five years based on the technical evaluation of their useful economic life.

g) Inventories:

Software Finished Goods (Traded) :

Software Finished Goods (Traded) are valued at cost (arrived on FIFO basis) or net realizable value, whichever is lower.

h) Foreign Currency Transactions/Translation:

Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the original rates of exchange in force at the time transactions are affected. Exchange differences arising on settlement of all transactions are recognized in the profit and loss account.

Monetary items denominated in foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates prevailing at the date of balance sheet and the resulting net exchange difference is recognized in the profit and loss account.

Foreign Branches:

The translation of financial statements of Foreign Branches is done as under in accordance with Accounting Standard (AS) 11 (Revised) on 'The Effect of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, considering its foreign branches as non-integral foreign operations:

i. All the items of income and expenses during the year are translated at an average rate.

ii. All the monetary and non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at closing rate.

iii. The resulting exchange difference is accumulated in 'foreign currency translation reserve' until the disposal of the net investment in the said non-integral foreign operations.

i) Borrowing Costs:

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue. j) Employee benefits :

a) Post Employment Benefits and Other Long Term Benefits.

i) Defined Contribution Scheme

Company's contribution for the year paid/payable to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged to Profit and Loss Account.

ii) Defined Benefit and Other Long Term Benefit Schemes

Company's liabilities towards defined benefit schemes and other long term benefits viz. gratuity and compensated absences expected to occur after twelve months, are determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method. Actuarial valuations under the Projected Unit Credit Method are carried out at the balance sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in the Profit and Loss account in the period of occurrence of such gains and losses. Past service cost is recognized immediately to the extent benefits are vested, otherwise it is amortized on straight-line basis over the remaining average period until the benefits become vested.

The retirement benefit obligation recognized in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognized past service cost.

b) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognized undiscounted during the period employee renders services. Such benefits include bonus/ ex-gratia/ compensated absences.

k) Revenue recognition:

Revenues from software consultancy services are recognized on specified terms of contract in case of contract on time basis and in case of fixed price contract, revenue is recognized using percentage of completion method of accounting. Revenues from software products trading are recognized upon acceptance of delivery of such software products. Unbilled services included in other current assets represents amount recognized based on services performed in advance of billing in accordance with contract terms.

Amount received in advance of services performed are recorded as unearned income.

Revenues outside India include value added tax wherever applicable.

Revenues in India exclude service tax charged.

Revenue is recognized only when it is reasonably certain that the ultimate collection will be made.

Dividend Income is recognized in the statement of Profit and Loss, when right to receive payment is established.

Interest income is recognized on time proportion basis.

Lease rentals are recognized on straight line basis over the lease term. l) Taxes on Income:

Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income for the year.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives rise to future economic benefit in the form of adjustment of future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal tax after the tax holiday period.

Deferred tax is recognized, subject to consideration of prudence, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax assets arising on account of unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward losses are recognized only to the extent that there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. At each balance sheet date the Company reassesses unrecognized deferred tax assets, to the extent they become reasonably certain or virtually certain of realization, as the case may be. m) Fringe Benefit Tax:

Fringe Benefit Tax was recognized in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and the Guidance note on Fringe Benefit Tax issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI).

n) Operating Leases:

Assets taken on lease under which all risks and rewards of ownership are effectively retained by the less or are classified as operating lease. Lease payments under operating leases are recognized as expenses on accrual basis in accordance with the respective lease agreements. o) Impairment of assets:

An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of the asset exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to Profit and Loss account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting periods is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of the recoverable amount. p) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed in the Notes to Accounts. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements. q) Cash Flow Statement:

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated. r) Earnings per share:

In determining earnings per share, the company considers the net profit after tax after reducing the preference dividend and tax thereon and includes the post-tax effect of any extra-ordinary items. The number of shares used in computing basic earnings per share is the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. The number of shares used in computing diluted earnings per share comprises the weighted average number of shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share, and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

s) Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of Cash Flow Statement comprises of cash at banks, cash in hand (including cheques in hand) and bank deposits with maturity of less than three months.

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Mar 31, 2011

A) System of Accounting:

The accounts have been prepared on the basis of Going Concern concept and under the historical cost convention except for certain Fixed Assets which are revalued. The Company adopts accrual basis in preparation of its accounts to comply in all material aspects with applicable accounting principles generally accepted in India, the Accounting Standards as specifi ed in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules 2006 issued by the Central Government, in consultation with National Advisory Committee on Accounting Standards (‘NACAS') and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, to the extent applicable.

b) Use of estimates :

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, income and expenses. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revision to accounting estimate is recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future period affected.

c) Fixed Assets and Intangible Assets :

Fixed Assets are valued at cost, except for certain Fixed Assets which have been stated at revalued amounts as determined by approved independent valuer, after reducing accumulated depreciation until the date of the balance sheet. Direct Costs are capitalised until the assets are ready to use and include financing costs relating to any specific borrowing attributable to the acquisition of fixed assets.

The advances given for acquiring fixed assets are shown under Capital Work in Progress.

Intangible assets are recognised, only if it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the enterprise and the cost of the assets can be measured reliably. The intangible assets are recorded at cost and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

d) Investments:

Long Term Investments are stated at cost, which include cost of acquisition and related expenses. Provision is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of investments. Current investments are stated at cost or fair value whichever is lower.

Overseas Investments are carried at their original rupee cost.

e) Depreciation and Amortisation:

Depreciation in respect of assets is provided for on Straight Line Method at the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Depreciation on revalued fixed assets is provided on Straight Line Method over the residual life of the asset and charged to the Profit and Loss account.

Individual assets cost of which doesn't exceed Rs. 5,000/- each are depreciated in full in the year of purchase.

Leasehold land is written off over the lease period.

Intangible Assets - Computer Software are amortised over a period of five years based on the technical evaluation of their useful economic life.

f) Inventories:

Software Finished Goods (Traded) :

Software Finished Goods (Traded) are valued at cost (arrived on FIFO basis) or net realisable value, whichever is lower.

g) Foreign Currency Transactions/Translation:

Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the original rates of exchange in force at the time transactions are effected. Exchange differences arising on settlement of all transactions are recognised in the profit and loss account.

Monetary items denominated in foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates prevailing at the date of balance sheet and the resulting net exchange difference is recognised in the profit and loss account.

Foreign Branches:

The translation of financial statements of Foreign Branches is done as under in accordance with Accounting Standard (AS) 11 (Revised) on ‘The Effect of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates', considering its foreign branches as non-integral foreign operations:

i. All the items of income and expenses during the year are translated at an average rate.

ii. All the monetary and non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at closing rate.

iii. The resulting exchange difference is accumulated in ‘foreign currency translation reserve' until the disposal of the net investment in the said non-integral foreign operations.

h) Borrowing Costs:

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

i) Employee benefits :

a) Post Employment Benefits and Other Long Term Benefits.

i) Defined Contribution Scheme

Company's contribution for the year paid/payable to Defined contribution retirement Benefit schemes are charged to Profit and Loss Account.

ii) Defined Benefit and Other Long Term Benefit Schemes

Company's liabilities towards Defined Benefit schemes and other long term Benefits viz. gratuity and compensated absences expected to occur after twelve months, are determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method. Actuarial valuations under the Projected Unit Credit Method are carried out at the balance sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss account in the period of occurrence of such gains and losses. Past service cost is recognised immediately to the extent Benefits are vested, otherwise it is amortised on straight-line basis over the remaining average period until the benefi ts become vested.

The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognised past service cost.

b) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognised undiscounted during the period employee renders services. Such benefits include bonus/ ex-gratia/ compensated absences.

j) Revenue recognition:

Revenues from software consultancy services are recognised on specifi ed terms of contract in case of contract on time basis and in case of fixed price contract, revenue is recognized using percentage of completion method of accounting.

Unbilled services included in loans and advances represents amount recognized based on services performed in advance

of billing in accordance with contract terms.

Amount received in advance of services performed are recorded as unearned income.

Revenues outside India include value added tax wherever applicable. Revenues in India exclude service tax charged.

Revenue is recognised only when it is reasonably certain that the ultimate collection will be made.

Dividend Income is recognised in the statement of Profit and Loss, when right to receive payment is established.

Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis.

Lease rentals are recognised on straight line basis over the lease term.

k) Taxes on Income:

Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income for the year.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives rise to future economic benefit in the form of adjustment of future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal tax after the tax holiday period.

Deferred tax is recognized, subject to consideration of prudence, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax assets arising on account of unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward losses are recognized only to the extent that there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. At each balance sheet date the Company reassesses unrecognised deferred tax assets, to the extent they become reasonably certain or virtually certain of realisation, as the case may be.

l) Fringe Benefit Tax:

Fringe Benefit Tax was recognized in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and the Guidance note on Fringe Benefit Tax issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI).

m) Operating Leases:

Assets taken on lease under which all risks and rewards of ownership are effectively retained by the lessor are classified as operating lease. Lease payments under operating leases are recognised as expenses on accrual basis in accordance with the respective lease agreements.

n) Impairment of assets:

An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of the asset exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to Profit and Loss account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting periods is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of the recoverable amount.

o) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed in the Notes to Accounts. Contingent Assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial statements.

p) Cash Flow Statement:

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

q) Earnings per share:

In determining earnings per share, the company considers the net profit after tax after reducing the preference dividend and tax thereon and includes the post-tax effect of any extra-ordinary items. The number of shares used in computing basic earnings per share is the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. The number of shares used in computing diluted earnings per share comprises the weighted average number of shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share, and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

r) Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of Cash Flow Statement comprises of cash at banks, cash in hand (including cheques in hand) and bank deposits.

---

Mar 31, 2010

A) Basis of preparation of financial statements :

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention (except for certain fixed assets which have been revalued), in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and the applicable accounting standards.

b) Use of estimates :

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles requires, estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

Differences between the actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known/ materi- alised.

c) Fixed Assets :

Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction or at revalued amounts less accumulated depreciation, amor- tization and impairment losses, if any.

d) Intangible Assets:

Intangible assets are recognised, only if it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the enterprise and the cost of the assets can be measured reliably. The intangible assets are recorded at cost and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

e) Investments:

Long Term Investments are stated at cost, which include cost of acquisition and related expenses. Provision is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of investments. Current investments are stated at cost or fair value whichever is lower.

f) Depreciation and Amortisation:

Depreciation in respect of assets acquired upto March 31, 1995 is provided for on written down value method at the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. In respect of assets acquired after 31st March, 1995 depreciation is provided for on Straight Line Method at the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Depreciation on revalued fixed assets is provided on Straight Line Method over the residual life of the asset and charged to the Profit and Loss account.

Leasehold land is written off over the lease period.

Intangible Assets– Computer Software are amortised over a period of five years based on the technical evaluation of their useful economic life.

g) Inventories:

Software Finished Goods (Traded) :

Software Finished Goods (Traded) are valued at cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower.

h) Foreign Currency Transactions/Translation:

Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the original rates of exchange in force at the time transactions are effected. Exchange differences arising on settlement of all transactions are recognised in the profit and loss account.

Monetary items denominated in foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates prevailing at the date of balance sheet and the resulting net exchange difference is recognised in the profit and loss account.

Foreign Branches:

The translation of financial statements of Foreign Branches is done as under in accordance with Accounting Standard (AS) 11 (Revised) on ‘The Effect of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, considering its foreign branches as non-integral for- eign operations:

i. All the items of income and expenses during the year are translated at an average rate.

ii. All the monetary and non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at closing rate.

iii. The resulting exchange difference is accumulated in ‘foreign currency translation reserve until the disposal of the net investment in the said non-integral foreign operations.

i) Borrowing Costs:

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

j) Employee benefits :

a) Post Employment Benefits and Other Long Term Benefits.

i) Defined Contribution Scheme

Companys contribution for the year paid/payable to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged to Profit and Loss Account.

ii) Defined Benefit and Other Long Term Benefit Schemes

Companys liabilities towards defined benefit schemes and other long term benefits viz. gratuity and compensated absences expected to occur after twelve months, are determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method. Actuarial valuations under the Projected Unit Credit Method are carried out at the balance sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss account in the period of occurrence of such gains and losses. Past service cost is recognised immediately to the extent benefits are vested, otherwise it is amortised on straight-line basis over the remaining average period until the benefits become vested.

The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognised past service cost.

b) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognised undiscounted during the period employee renders services. Such benefits include bonus/ ex-gratia.

k) Revenue recognition:

Revenues from software consultancy services are recognised on specified terms of contract in case of contract on time basis and in case of fixed price contract, revenue is recognized using percentage of completion method of accounting.

Unbilled services included in loans and advances represents amount recognized based on services performed in advance of billing in accordance with contract terms.

Amount received in advance of services performed are recorded as unearned income.

Revenues outside India include value added tax wherever applicable.

Revenues in India exclude service tax charged.

Revenue is recognised only when it is reasonably certain that the ultimate collection will be made.

Dividend Income is recognised in the statement of Profit and Loss, when right to receive payment is established.

Interest income is recognized on time proportion basis.

l) Taxes on Income:

Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income for the year. Deferred tax is recognized, subject to consideration of prudence, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax assets arising on account of unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward losses are recognized only to the extent that there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. At each balance sheet date the Company reassesses unrecognised deferred tax assets, to the extent they become reasonably certain or virtually certain of realisation, as the case may be.

m) Fringe Benefit Tax:

Fringe Benefit Tax was recognized in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and the Guidance note on Fringe Benefit Tax issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI).

n) Operating Leases:

Assets taken on lease under which all risks and rewards of ownership are effectively retained by the lessor are classified as operating lease. Lease payments under operating leases are recognised as expenses on accrual basis in accordance with the respective lease agreements.

o) Impairment of assets:

An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of the asset exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to Profit and Loss account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting periods is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of the recoverable amount.

p) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed in the Notes to Accounts. Contingent Assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial statements.