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Accounting Policies of NHPC Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2019

NOTE NO. 1: COMPANY INFORMATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(I) Reporting entity

NHPC Limited (the "Company") is a Company domiciled in India and limited by shares (CIN: L40101HR1975GOI032564). The shares of the Company are publicly traded on the National Stock Exchange of India and BSE Limited. The address of the Company''s registered office is NHPC LIMITED, NHPC Office Complex, Sector-33, Faridabad, Haryana-121003. The Company is primarily involved in the generation and sale of bulk power to various Power Utilities. Other business includes providing project management / construction contracts/ consultancy assignment services and trading of power.

(II) Basis of preparation

(A) Statement of Compliance

These standalone financial statements are prepared on going concern basis following accrual system of accounting and comply with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and subsequent amendments thereto, the Companies Act, 2013 (to the extent notified and applicable), applicable provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, and the provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003 to the extent applicable.

These financial statements were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 27th May, 2019.

(B) Basis of Measurement

The financial statements have been prepared on historical cost basis, except for:

• Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

• Plan assets of defined employee benefit plans measured at fair value. The methods used to measure fair values are discussed in Note 33.

(C) Application of new and revised standards

(i) Ind AS 115- Revenue from Contracts with Customers: With effect from 1st April, 2018, the Company has adopted Ind AS 115 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" using the cumulative catch-up method. However, no material adjustments were necessary.

(ii) Appendix B to Ind AS 21- "Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration and Ind AS 12-Income Taxes have been revised with effect from 1st April, 2018. However, no material adjustments were necessary.

(iii) Amendments/ revision in other standards are either not applicable or do not have any material impact on the financial statements.

(D) Functional and presentation currency

These financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR), which is the Company''s functional currency. All financial information presented in INR has been rounded off to the nearest crore (upto two decimals).

(E) Use of estimates and management judgments

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that may impact the application of accounting policies and the reported value of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and related disclosures including contingent assets and liabilities at the Balance Sheet date. The estimates and management''s judgments are based on previous experience and other factors considered reasonable and prudent in the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an on-going basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

In order to enhance understanding of the financial statements, information about significant areas of estimation, uncertainty and critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements are included in the following notes:

Critical judgments and estimates

a) Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease

Appendix C, Ind AS 17 ''Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease'' requires an assessment of whether: fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets (the asset); and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset.

Further, an arrangement conveys a right to use the asset if facts and circumstances indicate that it is remote that one or more parties other than the purchaser will take more than an insignificant amount of the output or other utility that will be produced or generated by the asset during the term of the arrangement, and the price that the purchaser will pay for the output is neither contractually fixed per unit of output nor equal to the current market price per unit of output as of the time of delivery of the output.

The Company enters into power purchase agreements with beneficiaries. Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) in the nature of embedded lease with a single beneficiary where the minimum lease term is for the major part of the plant''s economic life and the minimum lease payments amount to substantially all the fair value of the plant are considered as a Finance Lease. Other embedded leases are considered as Operating Lease.

For embedded leases in the nature of a Finance Lease, the investment in the plant is recognised as a Lease Receivable. The minimum lease payments are identified by segregating the embedded lease payments from the rest of the contract amounts. Each lease receipt is allocated between the receivable and finance lease income so as to achieve a constant rate of return on the Lease Receivable outstanding.

In the case of operating leases or embedded operating leases, the lease income from the operating lease is recognised in revenue on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The respective leased assets are included in the Balance Sheet based on their nature.

b) Useful life of Property, Plant and Equipment and Intangible Assets

The estimated useful life of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are based on a number of factors including the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition and other economic factors (such as the stability of the industry and known technological advances) and the level of maintenance expenditures required to obtain the expected future cash flows from the asset.

Useful life of the assets used for generation of electricity is determined by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) Tariff Regulations as mentioned in part B of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 except for construction plants machinery and computers & peripherals which are in accordance with Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 and mobile phones which are as per management assessment.

c) Recoverable amount of property, plant and equipment, capital work in progress and intangible assets

The recoverable amount of property, plant and equipment, capital work in progress and intangible assets are based on estimates and assumptions, in particular the expected market outlook and future cash flows associated with the power plants. Any changes in these assumptions may have a material impact on the measurement of the recoverable amount resulting in impairment.

d) Post-retirement benefit plans

Employee benefit obligations are measured on the basis of actuarial assumptions which include mortality and withdrawal rates as well as assumptions concerning future developments in discount rates, the rate of salary increase, the inflation rate and expected rate of return on plan assets. The Company considers that the assumptions used to measure its obligations are appropriate and documented. However, any changes in these assumptions may have an impact on the resulting calculations.

e) Revenue

The Company records revenue from sale of power based on Tariff approved by the CERC, as per the principles of Ind AS 115. However, in cases where tariff rates are yet to be approved, provisional rates are adopted considering the applicable CERC Tariff Regulations. Further, where tariff are pending revision due to revision in cost estimates, tariffs are computed based on the parameters and methods prescribed under the CERC Tariff Regulations and an estimated amount of revenue is recognised when an application is made to the CERC after obtaining necessary approvals to the extent it is highly probable that there will be no downward adjustment to the revenue recognised.

f) Provisions and contingencies

The assessments undertaken in recognising provisions and contingencies have been made in accordance with Ind AS 37, ''Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets''. The evaluation of the likelihood of the contingent events has been made on the basis of best judgment by management regarding probable outflow of economic resources. Such estimation can change following unforeseeable developments.

g) Recoverable Amount of Rate Regulated Assets

The operating activities of the Company are subject to cost-of-service regulations whereby tariff charged for electricity generated is based on allowable costs like interest costs, depreciation, operation & maintenance including a stipulated return. Guidance Note on Rate Regulated Activities issued by the ICAI (previous GAAP) and Ind AS 114- ''Regulatory Deferral Accounts'' permits an entity to include in the rate base, as part of the cost of self-constructed (tangible) PPE or internally generated intangible assets, amounts that would otherwise be recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss in accordance with Ind AS. The Company estimates that items of regulatory deferral accounts recognised in the financial statements are recoverable as per the current CERC Tariff Regulations 2014-19. However, changes in CERC tariff regulations beyond the current tariff period may affect the recoverability of such balances.

h) Impairment of Trade Receivables

Considering the historical credit loss experience for trade receivables, the Company does not envisage either impairment in the value of receivables from beneficiaries or loss due to time value of money owing to delay in realization of trade receivables, except to the extent already provided for.

i) Investment in Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures

Investment has been carried at cost and as per assessment by the Company, there is no indication of impairment on such investments. Any changes in assumption may have a material impact on the measurement of the recoverable amount.

j) Insurance Claim Recoverable

The recoverable amount of insurance claims in respect of damages to Property, Plant & Equipment is based on estimates & assumptions as per terms and conditions of insurance policies.

(III) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

Summary of the significant accounting policies for the preparation of financial statements as given below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in the financial statements. These accounting policies are formulated in a manner that results in financial statements containing relevant and reliable information about the transactions, other events and conditions to which they apply. These policies need not be applied when the effect of applying them is immaterial.

Up to March 31, 2015, Property, Plant and Equipment, Capital Work in Progress, Intangible Assets and Investment Property were carried in the Balance Sheet in accordance with Indian GAAP. The Company had elected to avail the exemption granted by IND AS 101, "First time adoption of IND AS" to regard those amounts as the deemed cost at the date of transition to IND AS (i.e. as on April 1, 2015).

1.0 Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE)

a) An item of PPE is recognized as an asset if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

b) PPE are initially measured at cost of acquisition/construction including decommissioning or restoration cost wherever required. The cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. In cases where final settlement of bills with contractors is pending, but the asset is complete and available for operating in the manner intended by the management, capitalisation is done on estimated basis subject to necessary adjustments, including those arising out of settlement of arbitration/court cases.

c) Expenditure incurred on renovation and modernization of PPE on completion of the originally estimated useful life of the power station resulting in increased life and/or efficiency of an existing asset, is added to the cost of the related asset. PPE acquired as replacement of the existing assets are capitalized and its corresponding replaced assets removed/ retired from active use are derecognized.

d) After initial recognition, Property, Plant and Equipment is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation/amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

e) Deposits, payments made/ liabilities created provisionally towards compensation (including interest on enhanced compensation till the date of award by the Court), rehabilitation & resettlement and other expenses including expenditure on environment management plans relatable to land in possession are treated as cost of land.

f) Assets over which the Company has control, though created on land not belonging to the Company, are included under Property, Plant and Equipment.

g) Standby equipment and servicing equipment which meet the recognition criteria of Property, Plant and Equipment are capitalized.

h) Spares parts (procured along with the Plant & Machinery or subsequently) which meet the recognition criteria are capitalized. The carrying amount of those spare parts that are replaced is derecognized when no future economic benefits are expected from their use or upon disposal. Other spare parts are treated as "stores & spares" forming part of inventory.

i) If the cost of the replaced part or earlier inspection is not available, the estimated cost of similar new parts/inspection is used as an indication of what the cost of the existing part/ inspection component was when the item was acquired or inspection carried out.

j) An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

2.0 Capital work in Progress

a) Expenditure incurred on assets under construction (including a project) is carried at cost under Capital Work in Progress (CWIP). Such costs comprise purchase price of assets including import duties and non-refundable taxes (after deducting trade discounts and rebates), expenditure in relation to survey and investigation activities of projects, cost of site preparation, initial delivery and handling charges, installation and assembly costs, etc.

b) Costs including employee benefits, professional fees, expenditure on maintenance and up-gradation of common public facilities, depreciation on assets used in construction of project, interest during construction and other costs that are directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management are accumulated under "Expenditure Attributable to Construction (EAC)" and subsequently allocated on systematic basis over major immovable assets, other than land and infrastructure facilities on commissioning of projects. Net pre-commissioning income/expenditure is adjusted directly in the cost of related assets.

c) Capital Expenditure incurred for creation of facilities, over which the Company does not have control but the creation of which is essential principally for construction of the project is accumulated under "Expenditure Attributable to Construction" and carried under "Capital Work in Progress" and subsequently allocated on a systematic basis over major immovable assets, other than land and infrastructure facilities on commissioning of projects, keeping in view the "attributability" and the "Unit of Measure" concepts in Ind AS 16- "Property, Plant & Equipment". Expenditure of such nature incurred after completion of the project, is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.0 Investment Property

Investment properties are initially measured at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

Investment properties are derecognised either when they have been disposed off or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of derecognition.

Transfers to or from investment property is made when and only when there is a change in use supported by evidence. 4.0 Intangible Assets and Intangible Assets under Development

a) Expenditure on research is charged to revenue as and when incurred. Expenditure on development is capitalized only if the expenditure can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable and the Company intends to & has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset.

b) Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Cost includes any directly attributable expenses necessary to make the assets ready for its intended use. After initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

c) Land taken for use from State Government (without transfer of title) and expenses on relief and rehabilitation as also on creation of alternate facilities for land evacuees or in lieu of existing facilities coming under submergence and where construction of such alternate facilities is a specific pre-condition for the acquisition of the land for the purpose of the project, are accounted for as Land-Right to use.

d) Software (not being an integral part of the related hardware) acquired for internal use, is stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses if any.

e) An item of Intangible asset is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

5.0 Foreign Currency Transactions

a) Transactions in foreign currency are initially recorded at the functional currency spot rate at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. At each Balance Sheet date, monetary items denominated in foreign currency are translated at the functional currency exchange rates prevailing on that date.

b) Exchange differences relating to PPE/capital work-in-progress arising out of transaction entered into prior to April 1, 2004 are adjusted to the carrying cost of respective PPE/capital work-in-progress.

c) Exchange differences arising from translation of foreign currency borrowings entered into prior to March 31, 2016 recoverable from or payable to beneficiaries in subsequent periods as per CERC Tariff regulations are recognised as "Deferred Foreign Currency Fluctuation Recoverable/ Payable Account" and adjusted from the year in which the same is recovered/ paid.

d) Exchange differences arising from settlement/translation of monetary items denominated in foreign currency entered into on or after 01.04.201 6 to the extent recoverable from or payable to the beneficiaries in subsequent periods as per CERC Tariff Regulations are recognized as ''Regulatory Deferral Account Balances'' during construction period and adjusted from the year in which the same become recoverable from or payable to the beneficiaries.

e) Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Where the Company has paid or received advance consideration in a foreign currency, the date of transaction for the purpose of determining the exchange rate to use on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income (or part of it), is the date when the Company initially recognizes the non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability arising from the payment or receipt of advance consideration.

6.0 Regulatory Deferral Accounts

a) Where an item of expenditure incurred during the period of construction of a project is recognised as expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss i.e. not allowed to be capitalized as part of cost of relevant PPE in accordance with Ind AS, but is nevertheless permitted by CERC to be recovered from the beneficiaries in future through tariff, the right to recover the same is recognized as "Regulatory Deferral Account balances."

b) Expense/ income recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss to the extent recoverable from or payable to the beneficiaries in subsequent periods as per CERC Tariff Regulations are recognised as "Regulatory Deferral Account balances."

c) These Regulatory Deferral Account balances are adjusted from the year in which the same become recoverable from or payable to the beneficiaries.

d) Regulatory Deferral Account balances are evaluated at each Balance Sheet date to ensure that the underlying activities meet the recognition criteria and it is probable that future economic benefits associated with such balances will flow to the entity. If these criteria are not met, the Regulatory Deferral Account balances are derecognised.

e) Regulatory Deferral Account balances are tested for impairment at each Balance Sheet date. 7.0 Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Normally at initial recognition, the transaction price is the best evidence of fair value.

However, when the Company determines that transaction price does not represent the fair value, it uses inter-alia valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All financial assets and financial liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy. This categorisation is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

• Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

• Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

• Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For financial assets and financial liabilities that are recognised at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation at the end of each reporting period.

8.0 Investments in subsidiaries and joint ventures

Investments in equity shares of subsidiaries and joint ventures are carried at cost. 9.0 Financial assets other than investment in subsidiaries and joint ventures

A financial asset includes inter-alia any asset that is cash, equity instrument of another entity or contractual obligation to receive cash or another financial asset or to exchange financial asset or financial liability under conditions that are potentially favourable to the Company. A financial asset is recognized when and only when the Company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets of the Company comprise Cash and Cash Equivalents, Bank Balances, Investments in equity shares of companies other than in subsidiaries & joint ventures, Trade Receivables, Advances to employees/ contractors, security deposit, claims recoverable etc.

a) Classification

The Company classifies its financial assets in the following categories:

• At amortised cost,

• At fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI), and The classification depends on the following:

(a) The entity''s business model for managing the financial assets and

(b) The contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

For assets measured at fair value, gains and losses will either be recorded in the Statement of Profit and Loss or Other Comprehensive Income. For investments in debt instruments, this will depend on the business model in which the investment is held. For investments in equity instruments, this will depend on whether the group has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial recognition to account for the equity investment at fair value through Other Comprehensive Income.

b) Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or Loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The Company measures the trade receivables at their transaction price, if the trade receivables do not contain a significant financing component.

c) Subsequent measurement

Debt instruments at amortised cost

A ''debt instrument'' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

i) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

ii) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are Solely Payments of Principal and Interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Debt instrument at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI)

A ''debt instrument'' is classified as at FVTOCI if both the following criteria are met:

i) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

ii) The asset''s contractual cash flows represent Solely Payments of Principal and Interest (SPPI).

Debt instruments at fair value through Other Comprehensive Income are measured at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses, reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to profit and loss. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the EIR method.

Equity investments:

All equity investments in entities other than subsidiaries and joint ventures are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading, if any, are classified at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL). For all other equity instruments, the Company classifies the same as at FVTOCI. The Company makes such election on an instrument by- instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

All fair value changes on an equity instrument classified at FVTOCI, are recognized in the OCI. There is no subsequent reclassification of fair value gains and losses to the Statement of Profit and Loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. Dividends from such investments are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as other income when the company''s right to receive payments is established.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category, if any, are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Trade Receivables:

Trade receivables containing a significant financing component are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

d) Derecognition

A financial asset is derecognised only when:

i) The Company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset, or

ii) Retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients.

Where the entity has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In such cases, the financial asset is derecognised. Where the Company has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognised.

Where the Company has neither transferred a financial asset nor retains substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is derecognised if the Company has not retained control of the financial asset. Where the Company retains control of the financial asset, the asset is continued to be recognised to the extent of continuing involvement in the financial asset.

On derecognition, the difference between the carrying amount and the amount of consideration received / receivable is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

e) Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets:

i) Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost.

ii) Financial assets that are debt instruments and are measured as at FVTOCI

iii) Contract Assets and Trade Receivables under Ind AS 115, Revenue from Contracts with Customers

iv) Lease Receivables under Ind AS 17, Leases.

The Company follows the ''simplified approach'' permitted under Ind AS 109, "Financial Instruments" for recognition of impairment loss allowance based on life time expected credit loss from initial recognition on contract assets, lease receivables and trade receivables resulting from transactions within the scope of Ind AS 17 and Ind AS 115.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets, the Company assesses whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. For assessing increase in credit risk and impairment loss, the Company assesses the credit risk characteristics on instrument-by-instrument basis. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL. The amount of expected credit loss (or reversal) for the period is recognized as expense/income in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

10.0 Inventories

Inventories mainly comprise stores and spare parts to be used for maintenance of Property, Plant and Equipment and are valued at cost or net realizable value (NRV) whichever is lower. The cost is determined using weighted average cost formula and NRV is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Scrap is valued at net realisable value.

The amount of any write-down of inventories to net realisable value and all losses of inventories is recognized as an expense in the period in which write-down or loss occurs.

11.0 Dividends

Dividends and interim dividends payable to the Company''s shareholders are recognised as change in equity in the period in which they are approved by the Company''s shareholders and the Board of Directors respectively.

12.0 Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities of the Company are contractual obligation to deliver cash or another financial asset to another entity or to exchange financial assets or financial liabilities with another entity under conditions that are potentially unfavourable to the Company.

The Company''s financial liabilities include loans & borrowings, trade and other payables.

a) Classification, initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value minus transaction costs that are directly attributable and subsequently measured at amortised cost. Financial liabilities are classified as subsequently measured at amortized cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the fair value at initial recognition is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss or in the carrying amount of an asset if another standard permits such inclusion, over the period of the borrowings using the effective rate of interest.

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period.

b) Subsequent measurement

After initial recognition, financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss or in the carrying amount of an asset if another standard permits such inclusion, when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

c) Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expired. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

d) Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

13.0 Government Grants

a) The benefits of a government loan at a below market rate of interest is treated as Government Grant. The loan is initially recognised and measured at fair value and the government grant is measured as the difference between the initially recognized amount of the loan and the proceeds received. The loan is subsequently measured as per the accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities and government grant is recognized initially as deferred income and subsequently in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset.

b) Monetary grants from the government for creation of assets are initially recognised as deferred income when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and the company will comply with the conditions associated with the grant. The deferred income so recognised is subsequently amortised in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the useful life of the related assets.

c) Government grant related to income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognises as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.

14.0 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

a) Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Such provisions are determined based on management estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, the receivable is recognised as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably. The expense relating to a provision net of any reimbursement is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss or in the carrying amount of an asset if another standard permits such inclusion.

b) If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows using a current pre-tax rate that reflects the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

c) Contingent liabilities are possible obligations that arise from past events and whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more future events not wholly within the control of the Company. Where it is not probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required, or the amount cannot be estimated reliably, the obligation is disclosed as a contingent liability, unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote. Contingent liabilities are disclosed on the basis of judgment of management/independent experts. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and are adjusted to reflect the current management estimate.

d) Contingent assets are possible assets that arise from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company. Contingent assets are disclosed in the financial statements when inflow of economic benefits is probable on the basis of judgment of management. These are assessed continually to ensure that developments are appropriately reflected in the financial statements.

15.0 Revenue Recognition and Other Income

Company''s revenues arise from sale and trading of energy, project management / construction contracts/ consultancy assignment services and other income. Revenue from other income comprises interest from banks, employees, contractors etc., dividend from investments in joint ventures & subsidiary companies, dividend from investments in equity, interest from investment in bonds, surcharge received from beneficiaries for delayed payments, sale of scrap, other miscellaneous income, etc.

a) Revenue from sale of power

i) Revenue is measured based on the consideration that is specified in a contract with a customer or is expected to be received in exchange for the products or services and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company recognises revenue when it transfers control over the products or services to a customer.

ii) Revenue from sale of power (except for power stations considered as Finance/Operating Lease) is accounted for as per tariff notified by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) under the CERC (Terms & Conditions of Tariff) Regulations, 2014. In the case of Power Stations where provisional/final tariff is yet to be notified or where incentives/disincentives are chargeable/ payable as per CERC (Terms & Conditions of Tariff) Regulations, revenue is recognised to the extent it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur. Rebates given to beneficiaries as early payments incentives are deducted from the amount of revenue.

iii) In the comparative period, revenue from sale of power was measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Revenue was recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership had been transferred to the buyer, recovery of the consideration was probable, the associated costs could be estimated reliably, there was no continuous management involvement and the amount of revenue could be measured reliably.

iv) Customers are billed on a periodic and regular basis. As at each reporting date, revenue from sale of power includes an accrual for sales delivered to customers but not yet billed (unbilled revenue).

v) Recovery/ refund towards foreign currency variation in respect of foreign currency loans and recovery towards Income Tax are recognised on year to year basis based on regulatory norms. Recovery towards deferred tax items recognized till March 31, 2009 are accounted for when the same materialises.

vi) Adjustments arising out of finalisation of Regional Energy Account (REA), though not material, are effected in the year of respective finalisation.

vii) Advance Against Depreciation (AAD) considered as deferred income up to 31st March 2009 is included in sales on straight line basis over the balance useful life after a period of 12 years from the date of commercial operation of the Power Station.

b) Revenue from Project Management / Construction Contracts/ Consultancy assignments

i) Revenue from Project Management / Construction Contracts/ Consultancy assignments is measured based on the consideration that is specified in a contract with a customer or is expected to be received in exchange for the services and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company recognises revenue on the basis of input method. Input method recognises revenue on the basis of the costs incurred towards the satisfaction of a performance obligation relative to the total expected costs to the satisfaction of that performance obligation.

ii) In the comparative period, revenue on Project Management/ Construction Contracts/ Consultancy assignments was recognized on percentage of completion method. The percentage of completion is determined as proportion of "cost incurred up to reporting date" to "estimated cost to complete the concerned Project Management/Construction Contracts and Consultancy assignment".

iii) Contract modifications, if any, are accounted for when there is a change in the scope or price (or both) of a contract that is approved by the parties to the contract and when the parties to a contract approve a modification that either creates new or changes existing enforceable rights and obligations of the parties to the contract. Accounting for modifications of contracts involves assessing whether the services added to an existing contract are distinct and whether the pricing is at the standalone selling price. Contract modifications are recorded on standalone basis when the scope of the contract increases because of the addition of promised goods or services or the price of the contract increases by an amount of consideration that reflects the Company''s standalone selling prices of the additional promised goods or services and any appropriate adjustments to that price to reflect the circumstances of the particular contract. Services added that are not distinct are accounted for on a cumulative catch-up basis, while those that are distinct are accounted for prospectively, either as a separate contract, if the additional services are priced at the standalone selling price, or as a termination of the existing contract and creation of a new contract if not priced at the standalone selling price.

c) Revenue from trading of power

i) Accounting for revenue from trading of power involves assessment of the contract conditions to determine whether the Company is required to act in the capacity of a principal or as an agent. The Company acts in

the nature of a principal in case it obtains control of the electricity before transferring it to the customer. Indicators of control includes assessment of whether the company is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the electricity, it has the discretion to establish the price or whether it bears the inventory risk. Where the Company does not obtain control of the electricity before transferring it to the customer and its performance obligation is to arrange for the supply of electricity by another party, it acts in the nature of an agent.

ii) Where the Company acts as a principal in a contract for trading of power, the amount of the transaction price allocated to the performance obligation that is satisfied is recognised as revenue.

iii) Where the Company acts as an agent in a contract for trading of power, the net consideration retained after paying the supplier for the electricity provided to the customer is recognised as revenue from operations. Financial assets and liabilities arising out of these transactions are not set off.

d) Other income

i) Dividend income is recognized when the right to receive the same is established.

ii) For all debt instruments measured either at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial asset to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses.

iii) Interest/Surcharge recoverable from customers including those arising out of contracts for trading of power and liquidated damages/interest on advances to contractors is recognised when it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of revenue recognised will not occur in the future.

16.0 Employee Benefits

i) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed or included in the carrying amount of an asset if another standard permits such inclusion as the related service is provided.

A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid under short-term performance related cash bonus if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.

ii) Defined contribution plans

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into separate trusts and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as an employee benefit expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss or included in the carrying amount of an asset if another standard permits such inclusion in the periods during which services are rendered by employees. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction from future payments is available. Contributions to a defined contribution plan that is due more than 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the service are discounted to their present value.

Employees Defined Contribution Superannuation Scheme (EDCSS) for providing pension benefits and Social Security Scheme administered through separate trusts are accounted as defined contribution plans.

iii) Defined benefit plans

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. The Company''s Gratuity Scheme, Retired Employees Health Scheme (REHS), Provident Fund Scheme, Allowance on Retirement/Death and Memento on Superannuation to employees are in the nature of defined benefit plans. All these plans, other than Allowance on Retirement/Death and Memento on Superannuation to employees are administered through separate trusts.

The liability or asset recognised in the Balance Sheet in respect of Gratuity, Retired Employees Health Scheme and Provident Fund Scheme is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets.

The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by the actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method.

The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the statement of profit and loss or included in the carrying amount of an asset if another standard permits such inclusion.

Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in Other Comprehensive Income. They are included in retained earnings in the Statement of Changes in Equity and in the Balance Sheet.

iv) Other long-term employee benefits

Benefits under the Company''s leave encashment scheme constitute other long term employee benefits.

The Company''s net obligation in respect of long-term employee benefits is the amount of future benefits that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods. The benefit is discounted to determine its present value, and the fair value of any related assets is deducted. The discount rate is based on the prevailing market yields of Indian government securities as at the reporting date that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Company''s obligations. The calculation is performed using the Projected Unit Credit Method. Contributions to the scheme and actuarial gains or losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss or included in the carrying amount of an asset if another standard permits such inclusion in the period in which they arise.

v) Termination benefits

The expenses incurred on terminal benefits in the form of ex-gratia payments and notice pay on voluntary retirement schemes are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year of incurrence of such expenses.

17.0 Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

Capitalisation of borrowing cost ceases when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare the qualifying assets for their intended use are complete.

18.0 Depreciation and amortization

a) Depreciation on additions to /deductions from Property, Plant & Equipment (PPE) during the year is charged on pro-rata basis from / up to the date on which the asset is available for use / disposal.

b) (i) Depreciation on Property, Plant and Equipment of Operating Units of the Company capitalized till five years

before the end of the useful life of the Power Station is charged to the Statement of Profit & Loss on straight-line method following the rates and methodology notified by CERC for the fixation of tariff except for assets specified in Policy No. 18.0(d).

(ii) Depreciation on Property, Plant and Equipment capitalized during the last five years of the useful life of a Power Station is charged on straight-line method for the period of extended life as per CERC Tariff Regulations/Orders, from the date on which such asset becomes available for use.

(iii) Where the life and / or efficiency of a Power Station is increased due to renovation and modernization, the expenditure thereon along with its unamortized depreciable amount is charged prospectively on straight-line method over the revised / remaining useful life.

c) i) Depreciation on Property, Plant and Equipment (except old and used) of other than Operating Units of the

Company is charged to the extent of 90% of the cost of the asset following the rates notified by CERC for the fixation of tariff except for assets specified in Policy No. 18.0(d) below.

ii) Depreciation on old and used items of PPE of other than Operating Units is charged on straight-line method to the extent of 90% of the cost of the asset over estimated useful life determined on the basis of technical assessment.

d) i) Depreciation in respect of following items of PPE is provided on straight line method based on the life and

residual value (5%) given in the Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013:

Construction Plant & Machinery Computer & Peripherals

ii) Based on management assessment, depreciation on Mobile Phones is provided on straight line basis over a period of three years with residual value of Re 1.

e) Temporary erections are depreciated fully (100%) in the year of acquisition /capitalization by retaining Re. 1/- as WDV.

f) Assets valuing Rs 5000/- or less but more than Rs 750/- are fully depreciated during the year in which the asset becomes available for use with Re. 1/- as WDV.

g) Low value items, which are in the nature of assets (excluding immovable assets) and valuing upto Rs 750/- are not capitalized and charged off to revenue in the year of use.

h) Leasehold Land of operating units, is amortized over the period of lease or 35 years whichever is lower, following the rates and methodology notified vide CERC tariff regulations.

i) Leasehold Land and buildings, of units other than operating units, is amortized over the period of lease or 35 years, whichever is lower.

j) PPE created on leasehold land are depreciated to the extent of 90% of original cost over the balance available lease period of respective land from the date such asset is available for use or at the applicable depreciation rates & methodology notified by CERC tariff regulations for such assets, whichever is higher.

k) Right to use in respect of land is amortized over a period of 30 years from the date of commercial operation of the project in line with CERC tariff regulations notified for tariff fixation.

I) Cost of software recognized as ''Intangible Assets'' is amortized on straight line method over a period of legal right to use or three financial years, whichever is earlier, starting from the year in which it is acquired.

m) Where the cost of depreciable assets has undergone a change during the year due to increase/decrease in long term liabilities on account of exchange fluctuation, price adjustment, settlement of arbitration/court cases, change in duties or similar factors, the unamortized balance of such assets is depreciated prospectively over the residual life of such assets at the rate of depreciation and methodology notified by CERC tariff regulations.

n) Spare parts procured along with the Plant & Machinery or subsequently which are capitalized and added in the carrying amount of such item are depreciated over the residual useful life of the related plant and machinery at the rates and methodology notified by CERC.

o) Useful life, method of depreciation and residual value of assets where depreciation is charged as per management assessment are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted prospectively over the balance life of the asset, wherever required.

19.0 Impairment of non-financial assets other than inventories

a) The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets of the Company. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. The resulting impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

b) In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

c) In case of expenditure on survey & investigation of projects, if it is decided to abandon such a project, expenditure incurred thereon is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which such decision is taken.

d) In case a project under survey and Investigation remains in abeyance by the order of appropriate authority/ by injunction of court order, any expenditure incurred on such projects from the date of order/ injunction of court is provided in the books from the date of such order till the period project is kept in abeyance by such order/ injunction. Provision so made is however reversed on the revocation of aforesaid order/ injunction.

e) Impairment losses recognised in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset''s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

20.0 Income Taxes

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity or other comprehensive income, in which case the tax is also recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

a) Current tax

i) The current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year on the basis of the tax laws applicable at the reporting date and any adjustments to tax payable in previous years. Taxable profit differs from profit as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years (temporary differences) and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible (permanent differences).

ii) Additional income taxes that arise from the distribution of dividends are recognised at the same time that the liability to pay the related dividend is recognised.

b) Deferred tax

i) Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the Company''s financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit and are accounted for using the Balance Sheet method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences, and deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax credits to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax credits can be utilised. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of an asset or liability in a transaction that at the time of the transaction affects neither the taxable profit or loss nor the accounting profit or loss.

ii) The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.

iii) Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet date. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would flow in the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

iv) Deferred tax is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in other comprehensive income or equity, in which case it is recognised in other comprehensive income or equity.

v) Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities, and when the deferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.

vi) Deferred tax recovery adjustment account is credited/ debited to the extent the deferred tax for the current period which forms part of current tax in the subsequent periods and affects the computation of return on equity (ROE), a component of tariff.

21.0 Compensation from third parties

Impairments or losses of items, related claims for payments of compensation from third parties including insurance companies and any subsequent purchase or construction of assets/inventory are separate economic events and are accounted for separately.

Compensation from third parties including from insurance companies for items of property, plant and equipment or for


Mar 31, 2018

(I) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES-

A summary of the significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of financial statements as given below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in the financial statements.

1.0 Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE)

a) Property, Plant and Equipment up to March 31, 2015 were carried in the Balance Sheet in accordance with Indian GAAP. The Company had elected to avail the exemption granted by IND AS 101, “First time adoption of IND AS” to regard those amounts as deemed cost at the date of the transition to IND AS (i.e. as on April 1, 2015).

b) An item of PPE is recognized as an asset if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

c) PPE are initially measured at cost of acquisition/construction including decommissioning or restoration cost wherever required. The cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition/construction of the asset. In cases where final settlement of bills with contractors is pending, but the asset is complete and available for operating in the manner intended by the management, capitalisation is done on estimated basis subject to necessary adjustments, including those arising out of settlement of arbitration/court cases.

d) Expenditure incurred on renovation and modernization of PPE on completion of the originally estimated useful life of the power station resulting in increased life and/or efficiency of an existing asset, is added to the cost of the related asset. PPE acquired as replacement of the existing assets are capitalized and its corresponding replaced assets removed/ retired from active use are derecognized.

e) After initial recognition, Property, Plant and Equipment is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation / amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

f) Payments made/ liabilities created provisionally towards compensation (including interest on enhanced compensation till the date of award by the Court), rehabilitation & resettlement and other expenses including expenditure on Environment Management Plans relatable to land in possession are treated as cost of land.

g) Assets over which the Company has control, though created on land not belonging to the Company are included under Property, Plant and Equipment.

h) Standby equipment and servicing equipment which meet the recognition criteria of Property, Plant and Equipment are capitalized.

i) Spares parts (procured along with the Plant & Machinery or subsequently) which meet the recognition criteria are capitalized. The carrying amount of those spare parts that are replaced is derecognized when no future economic benefits are expected from their use or upon disposal. Other spare parts are treated as “stores & spares” forming part of the inventory.

j) If the cost of the replaced part or earlier inspection is not available, the estimated cost of similar new parts/inspection is used as an indication of what the cost of the existing part/ inspection component was when the item was acquired or inspection carried out.

k) An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

2.0 Capital work in Progress

a) Capital work in Progress up to March 31, 2015 were carried in the Balance Sheet in accordance with Indian GAAP. The Company had elected to avail the exemption granted by IND AS 101, “First time adoption of IND AS” to regard those amounts as deemed cost at the date of the transition to IND AS (i.e. as on April 1, 2015).

b) Expenditure incurred on assets under construction (including a project) is carried at cost under Capital Work in Progress (CWIP). Such costs comprise purchase price of assets including import duties and non-refundable taxes (after deducting trade discounts and rebates), expenditure in relation to survey and investigation activities of projects, cost of site preparation, initial delivery and handling charges, installation and assembly costs, etc.

c) Costs including employee benefits, professional fees, expenditure on maintenance and up-gradation of common public facilities, depreciation on assets used in construction of project, interest during construction and other costs that are directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management are accumulated under “Expenditure Attributable to Construction (EAC)” and subsequently allocated on systematic basis over major immovable assets, other than land and infrastructure facilities on commissioning of projects.

d) Capital Expenditure incurred for creation of facilities, over which the Company does not have control but the creation of which is essential principally for construction of the project is accumulated under “Expenditure Attributable to Construction” and carried under “Capital Work in Progress” and subsequently allocated on a systematic basis over major immovable assets, other than land and infrastructure facilities on commissioning of projects, keeping in view the “attributability” and the “Unit of Measure” concepts in Ind AS 16- “Property, Plant & Equipment”. Expenditure of such nature incurred after completion of the project, is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

3.0 Investment Property

Upto March 31, 2015, Investment Property were carried in the Balance Sheet in accordance with Indian GAAP. The Company had elected to avail the exemption granted by IND AS 101, “First time adoption of IND ASs” to regard those amounts as deemed cost at the date of the transition to IND AS (i.e. as on April1, 2015).

Investment properties are initially measured at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

Investment properties are derecognised either when they have been disposed off or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of derecognition.

Transfers to or from investment property is made when and only when there is a change in use.

4.0 Intangible Assets and Intangible Assets under Development

a) Upto March 31, 2015, Intangible assets were carried in the Balance Sheet in accordance with Indian GAAP. The Company had elected to avail the exemption granted by IND AS 101, “First time adoption of IND ASs” to regard those amounts as deemed cost at the date of the transition to IND AS (i.e. as on April 1, 2015).

b) Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. After initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

c) Land taken for use from State Government (without transfer of title) and expenses on relief and rehabilitation as also on creation of alternate facilities for land evacuees or in lieu of existing facilities coming under submergence and where construction of such alternate facilities is a specific pre-condition for the acquisition of the land for the purpose of the project, are accounted for as Land-Right to use.

d) Software (not being an integral part of the related hardware) acquired for internal use, is stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses if any.

e) An item of Intangible asset is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

5.0 Foreign Currency Transactions

a) Transactions in foreign currency are initially recorded at the functional currency spot rate at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. At each Balance Sheet date, monetary items denominated in foreign currency are translated at the functional currency exchange rates prevailing on that date.

b) Exchange differences relating to PPE/capital work-in-progress arising out of transaction entered into prior to April 1, 2004 are adjusted to the carrying cost of respective PPE/capital work-in-progress.

c) Exchange differences arising from translation of foreign currency borrowings entered into prior to March 31, 2016 recoverable from or payable to beneficiaries in subsequent periods as per CERC Tariff regulations are recognised as “Deferred Foreign Currency Fluctuation Recoverable/ Payable Account” and adjusted from the year in which the same is recovered/ paid.

d) Exchange differences arising from settlement/ translation of monetary items denominated in foreign currency entered into on or after 01.04.2016 to the extent recoverable from or payable to the beneficiaries in subsequent periods as per CERC Tariff Regulations are recognized as ‘Regulatory Deferral Account Balances’ during construction period and adjusted from the year in which the same become recoverable from or payable to the beneficiaries.

e) Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

6.0 Regulatory Deferral Accounts

a) Where an item of expenditure incurred during the period of construction of a project is recognised as expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss i.e. not allowed to be capitalized as part of cost of relevant PPE in accordance with the Ind AS, but is nevertheless permitted by CERC to be recovered from the beneficiaries in future through tariff, the right to recover the same is recognized as “Regulatory Deferral Account Balances.”

b) Expense/ income recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss to the extent recoverable from or payable to the beneficiaries in subsequent periods as per CERC Tariff Regulations are recognised as “Regulatory Deferral Account Balances.”

c) These Regulatory Deferral Account balances are adjusted from the year in which the same become recoverable from or payable to the beneficiaries.

d) Regulatory Deferral Account Balances are evaluated at each Balance Sheet date to ensure that the underlying activities meet the recognition criteria and it is probable that future economic benefits associated with such balances will flow to the entity. If these criteria are not met, the Regulatory Deferral Account Balances are derecognised.

e) Regulatory Deferral Account Balances are tested for impairment at each Balance Sheet date.

7.0 Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Normally at initial recognition, the transaction price is the best evidence of fair value.

However, when the Company determines that transaction price does not represent the fair value, it uses inter-alia valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All financial assets and financial liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy. This categorisation is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

- Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

- Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

- Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For financial assets and financial liabilities that are recognised at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation at the end of each reporting period.

8.0 Investments in subsidiaries and joint ventures

Investments in equity shares of subsidiaries and joint ventures are carried at cost.

9.0 Financial assets other than investment in subsidiaries and joint ventures

A financial asset includes inter-alia any asset that is cash, equity instrument of another entity or contractual obligation to receive cash or another financial asset or to exchange financial asset or financial liability under conditions that are potentially favourable to the Company. A financial asset is recognized when and only when the Company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets of the Company comprise Cash and Cash Equivalents, Bank Balances, Investments in equity shares of companies other than in subsidiaries & joint ventures, Trade Receivables, Advances to employees/ contractors, security deposit, claims recoverable etc.

a) Classification

The Company classifies its financial assets in the following categories:

- At amortised cost,

- At fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI), and The classification depends on the following:

(a) The entity’s business model for managing the financial assets and

(b) The contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

For assets measured at fair value, gains and losses will either be recorded in the Statement of Profit and Loss or Other Comprehensive Income. For investments in debt instruments, this will depend on the business model in which the investment is held. For investments in equity instruments, this will depend on whether the group has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial recognition to account for the equity investment at fair value through Other Comprehensive Income.

b) Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or Loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The Company measures the trade receivables at their transaction price, if the trade receivables do not contain a significant financing component.

c) Subsequent measurement

Debt instruments at amortised cost

A ‘debt instrument’ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

i) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

ii) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are Solely Payments of Principal and Interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Debt instrument at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI)

A ‘debt instrument’ is classified as at FVTOCI if both the following criteria are met:

i) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

ii) The asset’s contractual cash flows represent Solely Payments of Principal and Interest (SPPI).

Debt instruments at fair value through Other Comprehensive Income are measured at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses, reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to profit and loss. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the EIR method.

Equity investments:

All equity investments in entities other than subsidiaries and joint ventures are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading, if any, are classified at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL). For all other equity instruments, the Company classifies the same as at FVTOCI. The Company makes such election on an instrument by- instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

All fair value changes on an equity instrument classified at FVTOCI, are recognized in the OCI. There is no subsequent reclassification of fair value gains and losses to the Statement of Profit and Loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. Dividends from such investments are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as other income when the company’s right to receive payments is established.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category, if any, are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Trade Receivables:

Trade receivables containing a significant financing component are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

d) Derecognition

A financial asset is derecognised only when:

i) The Company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset, or

ii) Retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients.

Where the entity has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In such cases, the financial asset is derecognised. Where the Company has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognised.

Where the Company has neither transferred a financial asset nor retains substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is derecognised if the Company has not retained control of the financial asset. Where the Company retains control of the financial asset, the asset is continued to be recognised to the extent of continuing involvement in the financial asset.

e) Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind-AS 109, the Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets:

i) Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost.

ii) Financial assets that are debt instruments and are measured as at FVTOCI

iii) Contract Assets under Ind AS 11, Construction Contracts

iv) Lease Receivables under Ind AS 17, Leases.

v) Trade Receivables under Ind AS 18, Revenue.

The Company follows ‘simplified approach’ permitted under Ind As 109, “Financial Instruments” for recognition of impairment loss allowance on contract assets, lease receivables and trade receivables resulting from transactions within the scope of Ind AS 11, Ind AS 17 and Ind AS 18, which requires expected life time losses to be recognised from initial recognition of the receivables.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets, the Company assesses whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. For assessing increase in credit risk and impairment loss, the Company assesses the credit risk characteristics on instrument-by-instrument basis. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL. The amount of expected credit loss (or reversal) for the period is recognized as expense/income in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

10.0 Inventories

Inventories mainly comprise stores and spare parts to be used for maintenance of Property, Plant and Equipment and are valued at cost or net realizable value (NRV) whichever is lower. The cost is determined using weighted average cost formula and NRV is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

The amount of any write-down of inventories to net realisable value and all losses of inventories is recognized as an expense in the period in which write-down or loss occurs.

11.0 Dividends

Dividends and interim dividends payable to the Company’s shareholders are recognised as change in equity in the period in which they are approved by the Company’s shareholders and the Board of Directors respectively.

12.0 Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities of the Company are contractual obligation to deliver cash or another financial asset to another entity or to exchange financial assets or financial liabilities with another entity under conditions that are potentially unfavourable to the Company.

The Company’s financial liabilities include loans & borrowings, trade and other payables.

a) Classification, initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value minus transaction costs that are directly attributable and subsequently measured at amortised cost. Financial liabilities are classified as subsequently measured at amortized cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the fair value at initial recognition is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss or in the carrying amount of an asset if another standard permits such inclusion, over the period of the borrowings using the effective rate of interest.

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period.

b) Subsequent measurement

After initial recognition, financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss or in the carrying amount of an asset if another standard permits such inclusion, when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

c) Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expired. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

d) Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

13.0 Government Grants

a) The benefits of a government loan at a below market rate of interest is treated as Government Grant. The loan is initially recognised and measured at fair value and the government grant is measured as the difference between the initially recognized amount of the loan and the proceeds received. The loan is subsequently measured as per the accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities and government grant is recognized initially as deferred income and subsequently in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset.

b) Monetary grants from the government for creation of assets are initially recognised as deferred income when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and the company will comply with the conditions associated with the grant. The deferred income so recognised is subsequently amortised in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the useful life of the related assets.

c) Government grant related to income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognises as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.

14.0 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

a) Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Such provisions are determined based on management estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, the receivable is recognised as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably. The expense relating to a provision net of any reimbursement is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss or in the carrying amount of an asset if another standard permits such inclusion.

b) If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows using a current pre-tax rate that reflects the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

c) Contingent liabilities are possible obligations that arise from past events and whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more future events not wholly within the control of the Company. Where it is not probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required, or the amount cannot be estimated reliably, the obligation is disclosed as a contingent liability, unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote. Contingent liabilities are disclosed on the basis of judgment of management/independent experts. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and are adjusted to reflect the current management estimate.

d) Contingent assets are possible assets that arise from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company. Contingent assets are disclosed in the financial statements when inflow of economic benefits is probable on the basis of judgment of management. These are assessed continually to ensure that developments are appropriately reflected in the financial statements.

15.0 Revenue Recognition and Other Income

a) Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer, recovery of the consideration is probable, the associated costs can be estimated reliably, there is no continuous management involvement and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably. Revenue from the sale of power is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable.

b) Revenue from the sale of power (except for power stations which are considered as Finance/Operating Lease) is accounted for as per tariff notified by Central Electricity Regulatory Commission. In case of Power Stations where tariff is not notified, sale is recognized on provisional rates worked out by the Company based on the parameters and method adopted by the appropriate authority. Customers are billed on a periodic and regular basis. As at each reporting date, revenue from sale of power includes an accrual for sales delivered to customers but not yet billed (unbilled revenue). Rebates given to beneficiaries as early payments incentives are deducted from the amount of revenue. Recovery/ refund towards foreign currency variation in respect of foreign currency loans and recovery towards Income Tax are accounted for on year to year basis.

c) Recovery towards deferred tax items recognized till March 31,2009 are accounted for when the same materialises.

d) Incentives/Disincentives are recognised as per Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Terms and Conditions of Tariff) Regulations. In case of Power Stations where tariff have not been notified, incentives/disincentives are recognized provisionally on assessment of the likelihood of acceptance of the same.

e) Adjustments arising out of finalisation of Regional Energy Account (REA), though not material, are effected in the year of respective finalisation.

f) Advance Against Depreciation (AAD) considered as deferred income up to 31st March 2009 is included in sales on straight line basis over the balance useful life after 31st March of the year closing after a period of 12 years from the date of commercial operation of the project, considering the total useful life of the project as 35 years.

g) Revenue on Project Management / Construction Contracts/ Consultancy assignments is recognized on percentage of completion method. The percentage of completion is determined as proportion of “cost incurred up to reporting date” to “estimated cost to complete the concerned Project Management / Construction Contracts and Consultancy assignment”.

h) Dividend income is recognized when right to receive the same is established.

i) Interest/Surcharge recoverable from customers and liquidated damages /interest on advances to contractors is recognised when no significant uncertainty as to measurability and collectability exists.

j) For all debt instruments measured either at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial asset to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses. Interest income is included in other income in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

16.0 Employee Benefits

i) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed or included in the carrying amount of an asset if another standard permits such inclusion as the related service is provided.

A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid under short-term performance related cash bonus if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.

ii) Defined contribution plans

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into separate trusts and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as an employee benefit expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss or included in the carrying amount of an asset if another standard permits such inclusion in the periods during which services are rendered by employees. Contributions to a defined contribution plan that is due more than 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the service are discounted to their present value.

Employees Defined Contribution Superannuation Scheme (EDCSS) for providing pension benefits and contribution to Social Security Scheme are accounted as defined contribution plan.

iii) Defined benefit plans

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. The Company’s Gratuity Scheme, Retired Employees Health Scheme (REHS), Provident Fund Scheme, Allowance on Retirement/Death and Memento on Superannuation to employees are in the nature of defined benefit plans.

The liability or asset recognised in the Balance Sheet in respect of Gratuity, Retired Employees Health Scheme and Provident Fund Scheme is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets.

The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method.

The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the statement of profit and loss or included in the carrying amount of an asset if another standard permits such inclusion.

Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in Other Comprehensive Income. They are included in retained earnings in the Statement of Changes in Equity and in the Balance Sheet.

iv) Other long-term employee benefits

Benefits under the Company’s leave encashment scheme constitute other long term employee benefits.

The Company’s net obligation in respect of long-term employee benefits is the amount of future benefits that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods. The benefit is discounted to determine its present value, and the fair value of any related assets is deducted. The discount rate is based on the prevailing market yields of Indian government securities as at the reporting date that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Company’s obligations. The calculation is performed using the Projected Unit Credit Method. Contributions to the scheme and actuarial gains or losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss or included in the carrying amount of an asset if another standard permits such inclusion in the period in which they arise.

v) Termination benefits

The expenses incurred on terminal benefits in the form of ex-gratia payments and notice pay on voluntary retirement schemes are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year of incurrence of such expenses.

17.0 Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

Capitalisation of borrowing cost ceases when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare the qualifying assets for their intended use are complete.

18.0 Depreciation and amortization

a) Depreciation on additions to /deductions from Property, Plant & Equipment (PPE) during the year is charged on pro-rata basis from / up to the date on which the asset is available for use / disposal.

b) Depreciation on Property, Plant and Equipment of Operating Units of the Company is charged to the Statement of Profit & Loss on straight-line method following the rates and methodology as notified by CERC for the fixation of tariff except for assets specified in Policy No. 18.0(d) below.

c) i) Depreciation on Property, Plant and Equipment (except old and used) of other than Operating Units of the Company is charged to the extent of 90% of the cost of the asset following the rates notified by CERC for the fixation of tariff except for assets specified in Policy No. 18.0(d) below.

ii) Depreciation on old and used items of PPE of other than Operating Units is charged on straight-line method to the extent of 90% of the cost of the asset over estimated useful life determined on the basis of technical assessment.

d) i) Depreciation in respect of following items of PPE is provided on straight line method based on the life and residual value (5%) given in the Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013:

- Construction Plant & Machinery

- Computer & Peripherals

ii) Based on management assessment, depreciation on Mobile Phones is provided on straight line basis over a period of three years with residual value of Re 1.

e) Temporary erections are depreciated fully (100%) in the year of acquisition /capitalization by retaining Re. 1/- as WDV.

f) Assets valuing Rs.5000/- or less but more than Rs.750/- are fully depreciated during the year in which asset is made available for use with Re. 1/- as WDV.

g) Low value items, which are in the nature of assets (excluding immovable assets) and valuing upto Rs.750/- are not capitalized and charged off to revenue in the year of use.

h) Leasehold Land, in case of operating units, is amortized over the period of lease or 35 years whichever is lower, following the rates and methodology notified vide CERC tariff regulations.

i) Leasehold Land, in case of units other than operating units, is amortized over the period of lease or 35 years whichever is lower.

j) PPE created on leasehold land are depreciated to the extent of 90% of original cost over the balance available lease period of respective land from the date such asset is available for use or at the applicable depreciation rates & methodology notified by CERC tariff regulations for such assets, whichever is higher.

k) Land-Right to use is amortized over a period of 30 years from the date of commercial operation of the project in line with CERC tariff regulations notified for tariff fixation.

l) Cost of software recognized as ‘Intangible Assets’ is amortized on straight line method over a period of legal right to use or three financial years, whichever is earlier, starting from the year in which it is acquired.

m) Where the cost of depreciable assets has undergone a change during the year due to increase/decrease in long term liabilities on account of exchange fluctuation, price adjustment, settlement of arbitration/court cases, change in duties or similar factors, the unamortized balance of such assets is depreciated prospectively over the residual life of such assets at the rate of depreciation and methodology notified by CERC tariff regulations.

n) Where the life and / or efficiency of an asset is increased due to renovation and modernization, the expenditure thereon along with its unamortized depreciable amount is charged prospectively over the revised / remaining useful life.

o) Spares parts procured along with the Plant & Machinery or subsequently which are capitalized and added in the carrying amount of such item are depreciated over the residual useful life of the related plant and machinery at the rates and methodology notified by CERC.

19.0 Impairment of non-financial assets other than inventories

a. The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash generating unit’s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets of the Company. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. The resulting impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

b. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

c. In case of expenditure on survey & investigation of projects, if it is decided to abandon such a project under survey & investigation, expenditure incurred thereon is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which such decision is taken.

d. In case a project under survey and Investigation remains in abeyance by the order of appropriate authority/ by injunction of court order, any expenditure incurred on such projects from the date of order/ injunction of court is provided in the books from the date of such order till the period project is kept in abeyance by such order/ injunction. Provision so made is however reversed on the revocation of aforesaid order/ injunction.

e. Impairment losses recognised in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

20.0 Income Taxes

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity or other comprehensive income, in which case the tax is also recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

a) Current tax

i) The current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year on the basis of the tax laws applicable at the reporting date and any adjustments to tax payable in previous years. Taxable profit differs from profit as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible (permanent differences).

ii) Additional income taxes that arise from the distribution of dividends are recognised at the same time that the liability to pay the related dividend is recognised.

b) Deferred tax

i) Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the Company’s financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit and are accounted for using the Balance Sheet method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences, and deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax credits to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax credits can be utilised. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of an asset or liability in a transaction that at the time of the transaction affects neither the taxable profit or loss nor the accounting profit or loss.

ii) The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.

iii) Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet date. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would flow in the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

iv) Deferred tax is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in other comprehensive income or equity, in which case it is recognised in other comprehensive income or equity.

v) Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities, and when the deferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.

vi) Deferred tax recovery adjustment account is credited/ debited to the extent the deferred tax for the current period which forms part of current tax in the subsequent periods and affects the computation of return on equity (ROE), a component of tariff.

21.0 Compensation from third parties

Impairments or losses of items, related claims for payments of compensation from third parties including insurance companies and any subsequent purchase or construction of assets/inventory are separate economic events and are accounted for separately.

Compensation from third parties including from insurance companies for items of property, plant and equipment or for other items that were impaired, lost or given up is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the compensation becomes receivable. Insurance claims for loss of profit are accounted for based on certainty of realisation.

22.0 Segment Reporting

a) In accordance with Ind AS 108 - Operating Segment, the operating segments used to present segment information are identified on the basis of internal reports used by the Company’s Management to allocate resources to the segments and assess their performance. The Board of Directors is collectively the Company’s “Chief Operating Decision Maker” or “CODM” within the meaning of Ind AS 108.

b) Electricity generation is the principal business activity of the Company. Other operations viz., Contracts, Project Management and Consultancy works do not form a reportable segment as per the Ind AS -108 - ‘Operating Segments’.

c) The Company is having a single geographical segment as all its Power Stations are located within the Country.

23.0 Leases

a) Company as a Lessee:

i) Leases of property, plant and equipment (mainly land acquired through lump sum upfront payments), where the Company, as lessee, has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance lease. Such finance leases are generally capitalised at the lease’s inception at the fair value of the leased property which equals the transaction price i.e. lump sum upfront payments.

ii) Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred to the Company as lessee are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss over the period of lease.

b) Company as a Lessor:

Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) in the nature of embedded lease with a single beneficiary where the minimum lease term is for the major part of the plant’s economic life and the minimum lease payments amounts to substantially all the fair value of the plant are considered as a Finance Lease. Other embedded leases are considered as Operating Lease.

i) For embedded leases in the nature of a Finance Lease, the investment in the plant is recognised as a Lease Receivable. The minimum lease payments are identified by segregating the embedded lease payments from the rest of the contract amounts including Advance Against Depreciation (AAD) recognised in accordance with CERC Tariff regulations 2004-09 up to 31st March 2009 and considered as deferred income. Each lease receipt is allocated between the receivable and finance lease income so as to achieve a constant rate on the Lease Receivable outstanding.

ii) In the case of Operating Leases or embedded operating leases, the lease income from the operating lease is recognised in revenue over the lease term to reflect the pattern of use benefit derived from the leased asset. The respective leased assets are included in the Balance Sheet based on their nature and depreciated over its economic life.

24.0 Material prior period errors

Material prior period errors are corrected retrospectively by restating the comparative amounts for the prior periods presented in which the error occurred. If the error occurred before the earliest period presented, the opening balances of assets, liabilities and equity for the earliest period presented, are restated unless it is impracticable, in which case, the comparative information is adjusted to apply the new accounting policy prospectively from the earliest date practicable.

25.0 Earnings per share

a) Basic earnings per equity share is computed by dividing the net profit or loss attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the financial year.

b) Diluted earnings per equity share is computed by dividing the net profit or loss attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per equity share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

c) Basic and diluted earnings per equity share are also presented using the earnings amounts excluding the movements in regulatory deferral account balances.

26.0 Statement of Cash Flows

a) Cash and Cash Equivalents:

For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, and bank overdrafts. However for Balance Sheet presentation, Bank overdrafts are shown within Borrowings under Current Liabilities.

b) Statement of cash flows is prepared in accordance with the indirect method prescribed in Ind AS 7- ‘Statement of Cash Flows’.

27.0 Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet based on current/non-current classification.

a) An asset is current when it is:

- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in the normal operating cycle

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading

- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

b) A liability is current when:

- It is expected to be settled in the normal operating cycle

- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

c) Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

28.0 Miscellaneous

a) Each material class of similar items is presented separately in the financial statements. Items of a dissimilar nature or function are presented separately unless they are immaterial.

b) Liabilities for Goods in transit/Capital works executed but not certified are not provided for, pending inspection and acceptance by the Company.

(IV) Recent accounting pronouncements

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2018 (the ‘Rules’) on 28 March 2018. The rules shall be effective from reporting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2018 and cannot be early adopted.

Standards issued but not yet effective

a) Appendix B to Ind AS 21, Foreign currency transactions and advance consideration:

The appendix clarifies how to determine the date of transaction for the exchange rate to be used on initial recognition of a related asset, expense or income where an entity pays or receives consideration in advance for foreign currency-denominated contracts.

The appendix can be applied either retrospectively for each period presented applying Ind AS 8 or prospectively to items in scope of the appendix that are initially recognised on or after the beginning of the reporting period in which the appendix is first applied or from the beginning of a prior reporting period presented as comparative.

The Company has assessed the effects of applying the appendix to its foreign currency transactions for which consideration is received in advance.

The Company has evaluated the effect of this on the financial statements and impact is not material.

The Company intends to adopt the amendments prospectively to items in scope of the appendix that are initially recognised on or after the beginning of the reporting period in which the appendix is first applied (i.e. from 1 April 2018).

b) Ind AS 115- Revenue from Contract with Customers:

Ind AS 115, Revenue from contracts with customers deals with revenue recognition and establishes principles for reporting useful information to users of financial statements about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from an entity’s contracts with customers. Revenue is recognised when a customer obtains control of a promised good or service and thus has the ability to direct the use and obtain the benefits from the good or service in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. The standard replaces Ind AS 18 Revenue and Ind AS 11 Construction contracts and related appendices.

The new standard is mandatory for financial years commencing on or after 1 April 2018 and early application is not permitted. The standard permits either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach for the adoption.

The Company will adopt the standard on April 1, 2018 by using the cumulative catch-up transition method and accordingly comparatives for the year ending or ended March 31, 2018 will not be retrospectively adjusted. The Company is in the process of assessing the detailed impact of Ind AS 115.

c) Amendments to Ind AS 40 Investment property - Transfers of investment property

The amendments clarify that transfers to, or from, investment property can only be made if there has been a change in use that is supported by evidence. A change in use occurs when the property meets, or ceases to meet, the definition of investment property. A change in intention alone is not sufficient to support a transfer. The amendment provides two transition options. Entities can choose to apply the amendment either retrospectively without the use of hindsight or prospectively to changes in use that occur on or after the date of initial application.

The Company has assessed the effects of the amendment on classification of existing property at 1 April 2018 and concluded that no reclassifications are required.

The Company has decided to apply the amendment prospectively to changes in use that occur after the date of initial application (i.e. 1 April 2018).


Mar 31, 2017

NOTE NO. 1: COMPANY INFORMATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(I) Reporting entity

NHPC Limited (the "Company") is a Company domiciled in India and limited by shares. The shares of the Company are publicly traded on the National Stock Exchange of India and BSE Limited. The address of the Company''s registered office is NHPC LIMITED, NHPC Office Complex, Sector-33, Faridabad, Haryana -121003. The Company is primarily involved in the generation and sale of bulk power to various Power Utilities. Other business includes providing consultancy and project management & supervision.

(II) Basis of preparation

(A) Statement of Compliance

These financial statements are prepared on accrual basis of accounting in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (The Act)[Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 & Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016] and other applicable provisions of the Act, and the provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003 to the extent applicable. These are the Company''s first Ind AS financial statements and Ind AS 101 ''First Time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards'', has been applied.

For all the periods upto and including March 31, 2016, the Company prepared its financial statements in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India, Accounting Standards prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, the Companies Act, 2013 (to the extent notified and applicable), applicable provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, and the provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003 to the extent applicable.

Note 35 explains how the transition from previous GAAP to Ind AS has affected the Company''s financial position, financial performance and cash flows.

(B) Basis of Measurement

The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis of accounting under historical cost convention, except for following financial assets and financial liabilities which are measured at fair value:

- Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

- Plan assets of defined employee benefit plans.

The methods used to measure fair values are discussed in Note 33.

(C) Functional and presentation currency

These financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR), which is the Company''s functional currency. All financial information presented in INR has been rounded off to the nearest Crores (upto two decimals) for the Company.

(D) Use of estimates and management judgements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that may impact the application of accounting policies and the reported value of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and related disclosures including contingent assets and liabilities at the Balance Sheet date. The estimates and management''s judgements are based on previous experience and other factors considered reasonable and prudent in the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised.

In order to enhance understanding of the financial statements, information about significant areas of estimation, uncertainty and critical judgements in applying accounting policies that may have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements are included in the following notes:

Critical judgements and estimates

a) Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease

Appendix C, Ind AS 17 ''Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease'' requires an assessment of whether:

- -fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets (the asset); and

- -the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset.

Further, an arrangement conveys a right to use the asset if facts and circumstances indicate that it is remote that one or more parties other than the purchaser will take more than an insignificant amount of the output or other utility that will be produced or generated by the asset during the term of the arrangement, and the price that the purchaser will pay for the output is neither contractually fixed per unit of output nor equal to the current market price per unit of output as of the time of delivery of the output.

The Company enters into power purchase agreements with beneficiaries. Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) in the nature of embedded lease with a single beneficiary where the minimum lease term is for the major part of the plant''s economic life and the minimum lease payments amount to substantially all the fair value of the plant are considered as a Finance Lease. Other embedded leases are considered as Operating Lease.

For embedded leases in the nature of a Finance Lease, the investment in the plant is recognised as a Lease Receivable. The minimum lease payments are identified by segregating the embedded lease payments from the rest of the contract amounts. Each lease receipt is allocated between the receivable and finance lease income so as to achieve a constant rate of return on the Lease Receivable outstanding.

In the case of operating leases or embedded operating leases, the lease income from the operating lease is recognised in revenue on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The respective leased assets are included in the Balance Sheet based on their nature.

b) Useful life of Property, Plant and Equipment

The estimated useful life of property, plant and equipment is based on a number of factors including the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition and other economic factors (such as the stability of the industry and known technological advances) and the level of maintenance expenditures required to obtain the expected future cash flows from the asset.

Useful life of the assets used for generation of electricity is determined by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) Tariff Regulations as mentioned in part B of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 except for construction plant & machinery and computers & peripherals which are in accordance with Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.

c) Recoverable amount of property, plant and equipment and capital work in progress

The recoverable amount of property, plant and equipment and capital work in progress is based on estimates and assumptions, in particular the expected market outlook and future cash flows associated with the power plants. Any changes in these assumptions may have a material impact on the measurement of the recoverable amount resulting in impairment.

d) Post-retirement benefit plans

Employee benefit obligations are measured on the basis of actuarial assumptions which include mortality and withdrawal rates as well as assumptions concerning future developments in discount rates, the rate of salary increase, the inflation rate and expected rate of return on plan assets. The Company considers that the assumptions used to measure its obligations are appropriate and documented. However, any changes in these assumptions may have an impact on the resulting calculations.

e) Revenue

The Company records revenue from sale of power based on Tariff approved by the CERC, as per the principles of Ind AS 18. However, in cases where tariff rates are yet to be approved, provisional rates are adopted considering the applicable CERC Tariff Regulations.

f) Provisions and contingencies

The assessments undertaken in recognising provisions and contingencies have been made in accordance with Ind AS 37, ''Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets''. The evaluation of the likelihood of the contingent events has been made on the basis of best judgement by management regarding probable outflow of economic resources. Such estimation can change following unforeseeable developments.

g) Recoverable Amount of Rate Regulated Assets

The operating activities of the Company are subject to cost-of-service regulations whereby tariff charged for electricity generated is based on allowable costs like interest costs, depreciation, operation & maintenance including a stipulated return. Guidance Note on Rate Regulated Activities issued by the ICAI (previous GAAP) and Ind AS 114- ''Regulatory Deferral Accounts'' permits an entity to include in the rate base, as part of the cost of self-constructed (tangible) fixed assets or internally generated intangible assets, amounts that would otherwise be recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss in accordance with Ind AS. The Company estimates that items of regulatory deferral accounts recognised in the financial statements are recoverable as per the current CERC Tariff regulations 2014-19. However, changes in CERC tariff regulations beyond the current tariff period may affect the recoverability of such balances.

h) Impairment of Trade Receivables

Considering the historical credit loss experience for trade receivables, the Company does not envisage either impairment in the value of receivables from beneficiaries or loss due to time value of money owing to delay in realization of trade receivables, except to the extent already provided for.

i) Investment in Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures

Investment has been carried at costs and as per assessment by the Company, there is no indication of impairment on such investments. Any changes in assumption may have a material impact on the measurement of the recoverable amount.

j) Insurance Claim Recoverable

The recoverable amount of insurance claims in respect of damages to Property, Plant & Equipment is based on estimates & assumptions as per terms and conditions of insurance policies.

(III) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES- A summary of the significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of

financial statements as given below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in the financial statements.

1.0 Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE)

a) Property, Plant and Equipment up to March 31, 2015 were carried in the Balance Sheet in accordance with Indian GAAP. The Company has elected to avail the exemption granted by IND AS 101, "First time adoption of IND AS" to regard those amounts as deemed cost at the date of the transition to IND AS (i.e. as on April 1, 2015).

b) An item of PPE is recognized as an asset if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

c) PPE are initially measured at cost of acquisition/construction including decommissioning or restoration cost wherever required. The cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition/construction of the asset. In cases where final settlement of bills with contractors is pending, but the asset is complete and available for use, capitalisation is done on estimated basis subject to necessary adjustments, including those arising out of settlement of arbitration/court cases.

d) Expenditure incurred on renovation and modernization of PPE on completion of the originally estimated useful life of the power station resulting in increased life and/or efficiency of an existing asset, is added to the cost of the related asset. PPE acquired as replacement of the existing assets are capitalized and its corresponding replaced assets removed/ retired from active use are derecognized.

e) After initial recognition, Property, Plant and Equipment is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation/ amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

f) Payments made/ liabilities created provisionally towards compensation (including interest on enhanced compensation awarded by the Court till the date of award), rehabilitation and other expenses including expenditure on environment management plans relatable to land in possession are treated as cost of land.

g) Assets over which the Company has control, though created on land not belonging to the Company are included under Property, Plant and Equipment.

h) Standby equipment and servicing equipment which meet the recognition criteria of Property, Plant and Equipment are capitalized.

i) Spares parts (procured along with the Plant & Machinery or subsequently) which meet the recognition criteria are capitalized. The carrying amount of those spare parts that are replaced is derecognized when no future economic benefits are expected from their use or upon disposal. Other spare parts are treated as "stores & spares" forming part of the inventory.

j) If the cost of the replaced part or earlier inspection is not available, the estimated cost of similar new parts/ inspection is used as an indication of what the cost of the existing part/ inspection component was when the item was acquired or inspection carried out.

k) An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

2.0 Capital work in Progress

a) Capital work in Progress up to March 31, 2015 were carried in the Balance Sheet in accordance with Indian GAAP. The Company has elected to avail the exemption granted by IND AS 101, "First time adoption of IND AS" to regard those amounts as deemed cost at the date of the transition to IND AS (i.e. as on April 1, 2015).

b) Expenditure incurred on assets under construction (including a project) is carried at cost under Capital Work in Progress (CWIP). Such costs comprise purchase price of assets including import duties and non-refundable taxes (after deducting trade discounts and rebates), expenditure in relation to survey and investigation activities of projects, cost of site preparation, initial delivery and handling charges, installation and assembly costs, etc.

c) Costs including employee benefits, professional fees, expenditure on maintenance and up-gradation of common public facilities, depreciation on assets used in construction of project, interest during construction and other costs that are directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management are accumulated under "Expenditure Attributable to Construction (EAC)" and subsequently allocated on systematic basis over major immovable assets, other than land and infrastructure facilities on commissioning of projects.

d) Capital Expenditure incurred for creation of facilities, over which the Company does not have control but the creation of which is essential principally for construction of the project is accumulated under "Expenditure Attributable to Construction" and carried under "Capital Work in Progress" and subsequently allocated on a systematic basis over major immovable assets, other than land and infrastructure facilities on commissioning of projects, keeping in view the "attributability" and the "Unit of Measure" concepts in Ind AS 16- "Property, Plant & Equipment". Expenditure of such nature incurred after completion of the project, is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.


Mar 31, 2016

1.1 BASIS OF PREPARATION

The financial statements are prepared on accrual basis of accounting under the historical cost convention in accordance with Accounting Principles Generally Accepted in India (GAAP), provisions of the Companies Act 2013, Accounting Standards specified under Section 133 of the Companies Act,2013 read with Rule 7 of the Companies(Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003, to the extent applicable.

1.2 USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the GAAP requires the management to make estimates and assumptions on a reasonable and prudent basis taking into account all available information that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and the amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates & assumptions. Any revision in the estimate is recognized in the period in which the same is determined.

2 FIXED ASSETS

2.1 TANGIBLE ASSETS

2.1.1 Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition/construction less accumulated depreciation/amortisation and impairment losses, if any. In cases where final settlement of bills with contractors is pending, but the asset is complete and ready for use, capitalisation is done on estimated basis subject to necessary adjustments, including those arising out of settlement of arbitration/court cases.

2.1.2 Assets over which Company has control, though created on land not belonging to the Company are included under fixed assets.

2.1.3 Expenditure incurred on renovation and modernization of tangible assets on completion of the originally estimated useful life of the power station resulting in increased life and/or efficiency of an existing asset, is added to the cost of the related asset. Tangible assets acquired as replacement of the existing assets are capitalized and its corresponding replaced assets removed/ retired from active use are derecognized.

2.1.4 Payments made/ liabilities created provisionally towards compensation (including interest on enhanced compensation awarded by the court till the date of court''s award), rehabilitation and other expenses relatable to land in possession are treated as cost of land.

2.2 INTANGIBLE ASSETS

2.2.1 Land taken for use from State Government (without transfer of title) and expenses on relief and rehabilitation as also on creation of alternate facilities for land evacuees or in lieu of existing facilities coming under submergence and where construction of such alternate facilities is a specific pre-condition for the acquisition of the land for the purpose of the project, are accounted for as Land-Right to use.

2.2.2 Software (not being an integral part of the related hardware) acquired for internal use, is stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any and is recognised as intangible asset.

2.3 CAPITAL WORK IN PROGRESS

2.3.1 Capital work-in-progress is carried at cost. Administrative & general overhead and other expenditure attributable to construction of the project are accumulated under ''Expenditure Attributable to Construction (EAC)'' and are subsequently allocated on systematic basis over major immovable assets, other than land and infrastructural facilities, on commissioning of the project.

2.3.2 Expenditure on maintenance, up-gradation etc. of common public facilities in projects under construction is charged to ''Expenditure Attributable to Construction (EAC)''.

2.3.3 Expenditure in relation to Survey and Investigation of the projects is carried as Capital Work in Progress. Such expenditure is either capitalized as cost of Project on completion of the construction of the project or the same is charged to the Statement of Profit & Loss in the year in which it is decided to abandon such project.

2.3.4 Capital expenditure incurred for creation of facilities, over which the company does not have control but the creation of which is essential principally for construction of the project, is charged to ''Expenditure Attributable to Construction (EAC)''. Subsequent to completion of the Project, expenditure on creation of facilities over which the Company does not have control is charged to "Statement of Profit & Loss.

3. MACHINERY SPARES

3.1 (a) Machinery spares procured along with the Plant & Machinery or subsequently and whose use is expected to be irregular are capitalized separately, if cost of such spares is known and depreciated fully over the residual useful life of the related plant and machinery at the rates of depreciation and methodology as notified by CERC for such Plant & Machinery. If cost of such spares is not known particularly when procured along with mother plant, these are capitalized & depreciated along with mother plant at the rates of depreciation and methodology as notified by CERC for such Plant & Machinery.

(b) Written Down Value (WDV) of spares is charged off to Statement of Profit & Loss in the year in which such spares are replaced in place of retrieved spares, provided the spares so retrieved do not have any useful life. Similarly, value of such spares, procured & replaced in place of retrieved spares, is charged off to Statement of Profit & Loss in that year itself, provided spares so retrieved do not have any useful life.

(c) When the useful life of the related fixed asset expires and asset is retired from active use, such spares are valued at net book value or net realizable value whichever is lower. However, in case retired assets are not replaced, WDV of related spares less disposable value is written off.

3.2 Other machinery spares are treated as "stores & spares" forming part of the inventory.

4. RATE REGULATED ACTIVITIES

Where an item of expenditure incurred during the period of construction of a project is recognised as expense in the Statement of Profit & Loss i.e. not allowed to be capitalized as part of cost of relevant fixed asset in accordance with the Accounting Standards, but is nevertheless permitted by Central Electricity Regulatory Commission(CERC), the regulator, to be recovered from the beneficiaries in future through tariff, the right to recover the same is recognized as a Regulatory Asset and corresponding Regulatory Income is recognised, as per the Guidance Note on Accounting for Rate Regulated Activities issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India(ICAI), if it fulfills the conditions for such recognition laid down in the ibid Guidance Note.

5. DEPRECIATION & AMORTISATION

5.1 Depreciation on additions to /deductions from tangible assets during the year is charged on pro-rata basis from / up to the date on which the asset is available for use / disposal.

5.2.1 Depreciation on tangible assets of Operating Units of the Company is charged to the Statement of Profit & Loss on straight-line method following the rates and methodology as notified by CERC for the fixation of tariff except for assets specified in policy no. 5.2.3 below.

5.2.2 i) Depreciation on tangible assets (except old & used) of other than Operating Units of the Company is charged on straight-line method to the extent of 90% of the cost of asset following the rates as notified by CERC for the fixation of tariff except for assets specified in policy no. 5.2.3 below.

ii) Depreciation on old & used tangible assets of other than Operating Units is charged on straight-line method to the extent of 90% of the cost of asset over estimated useful life determined on the basis of technical assessment.

5.2.3 Depreciation in respect of following assets is charged on straight line method based on the life and residual value (5%) given in the Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013:

(i) Construction Plant & Machinery

(ii) Computer & Peripherals

5.2.4 Temporary erections are depreciated fully (100%) in the year of acquisition / capitalization by retaining Rs. 1/- as WDV.

5.3 Assets valuing Rs. 5000/- or less but more than Rs. 750/- are fully depreciated during the year in which asset is made available for use with Rs. 1/- as WDV.

5.4 Low value items, which are in the nature of assets (excluding immovable assets) and valuing upto Rs. 750/- are not capitalized and charged off to revenue in the year of use.

5.5 Cost of software recognized as ''Intangible Assets'' is amortized on straight line method over a period of legal right to use or three financial years, whichever is earlier, starting from the year in which it is acquired.

5.6 Land-Right to use is amortized over a period of 30 years from the date of commercial operation of the project in line with CERC Tariff Regulations notified for tariff fixation.

5.7.1 Leasehold Land, in case of operating units, is amortized over the period of lease or 35 years whichever is lower, following the rates and methodology notified by CERC, vide Tariff Regulation 2014.

5.7.2 Leasehold Land, in case of units other than operating units, is amortized over the period of lease or 35 years whichever is lower.

5.8 Tangible Assets created on leasehold land are depreciated to the extent of 90% of original cost over the balance available lease period of respective land from the date such asset is available for use or at the applicable depreciation rates & methodology notified by CERC Regulations for such assets, whichever is higher.

5.9 Where the cost of depreciable assets has undergone a change during the year due to increase/decrease in long term liabilities on account of exchange fluctuation, price adjustment, settlement of arbitration/court cases, change in duties or similar factors, the unamortized balance of such assets is depreciated prospectively over the residual life of such assets at the rate of depreciation and methodology notified by CERC regulations.

5.10 Where the life and / or efficiency of an asset is increased due to renovation and modernization, the expenditure thereon along with its unamortized depreciable amount is charged prospectively over the revised / remaining useful life determined by technical assessment.

6. INVESTMENTS

6.1 Long term Investments are carried at cost. Provision for diminution is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of such investments.

6.2 Current Investments are valued at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.

7. INVENTORIES

7.1 Stores & Spares are valued at cost, determined on weighted average basis, or net realizable value whichever is lower.

7.2 Diminution in the value of obsolete, unservicable and surplus stores and spares, identified on a systematic basis, is provided in the accounts.

8. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS

8.1 Transactions in foreign currency are initially recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the date of transaction. At each Balance Sheet date, monetary items denominated in foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the Balance Sheet date.

8.2 Exchange differences are recognised as income & expenses in the period in which they arise in Statement of Profit & Loss in case of operational stations and to EAC in case of projects under construction. However, exchange differences in respect of liabilities relating to fixed assets/capital work-in-progress arising out of transaction entered into prior to 01/04/2004 are adjusted to the carrying cost of respective fixed asset/Capital Work-in-Progress.

9. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

9.1 Employee benefits consist of provident fund, pension, gratuity, post retirement medical facilities, leave benefits (including compensated absences) and other terminal benefits.

9.2 Company contribution paid/payable during the year to Employees Defined Contribution Superannuation Scheme (EDCSS) for providing pension benefits, Contribution on Retired Employees Health Scheme (REHS) and Provident Fund Scheme is accounted for and paid to respective funds which are administered through separate trusts.

9.3 The liabilities in respect of Gratuity, EDCSS and REHS are ascertained at the year end on the basis of actuarial valuation and paid to the respective Trusts.

9.4 The liability for leave benefits (including compensated absences), post retirement medical benefits, allowance on retirement/death and memento on superannuation to employees is ascertained at the year end on the basis of actuarial valuation.

10. REVENUE

10.1 (a) Sale of energy is accounted for as per tariff notified by Central Electricity Regulatory Commission. In case of Power Station where tariff is not notified, sale is recognized on provisional rates worked out by the Company based on the parameters and method adopted by the appropriate authority. Recovery/refund towards foreign currency variation in respect of foreign currency loans and recovery towards income tax are accounted for on year to year basis.

(b) Incentives/Disincentives are recognised as per tariff notifications. In case of Power Station where tariffs have not been notified, incentives are recognized provisionally on assessment of the likelihood of acceptance of the same.

(c) Adjustments arising out of finalisation of Regional Energy Account (REA), though not material, are effected in the year of respective finalisation.

(d) Advance against depreciation considered as deferred income in earlier years is included in sales on straight line basis over the balance useful life after 31st March of the year closing after a period of 12 years from the date of commercial operation of the project, considering the total useful life of the project as 35 years.

10.2 Revenue on Project Management / Construction Contracts/ Consultancy assignments is recognized on percentage of completion method. The percentage of completion is determined as proportion of "cost incurred up to reporting date" to "estimated cost to complete the concerned Project Management / Construction Contracts and Consultancy assignment".

10.3 Interest on investments is accounted for on accrual basis. Dividend income is recognized when right to receive the same is established.

10.4 Interest/Surcharge recoverable from customers/Liquidated damages /interest on advances to contractors are recognised when no significant uncertainty as to measurability and collectability exists.

11. MISCELLANEOUS

11.1 Liabilities for Goods in transit/Capital works executed but not certified are not provided for, pending inspection and acceptance by the Company.

11.2 Prepaid expenses and prior period expenses/income of items of Rs. 50,000/- and below are charged to natural heads of accounts.

11.3 Insurance claims are accounted for based on certainty of realization.

12. BORROWING COST

Borrowing costs attributable to the qualifying tangible assets during construction/renovation & modernisation are capitalised. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

13. TAXES ON INCOME

Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of taxable income under the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Deferred tax is recognized on timing differences between the accounting income and taxable income for the year and quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward to the extent there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. Deferred tax recovery adjustment account is credited/ debited to the extent tax expense is chargeable from the beneficiaries in future years.

14. IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS

The company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any indication that cash generating unit (CGU) is impaired based on internal/external indicators. If any such indication exists, company estimates the recoverable amount of the CGU. An impairment loss is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss where the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount of the cash generating units. An impairment loss is reversed if there is a change in the recoverable amount and such loss either no longer exists or has decreased. Rate Regulated Assets are also tested for impairment at each Balance Sheet Date.

15. PROVISION, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND CONTINGENT ASSETS

A provision is recognized when the company has a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are determined based on management estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date and are not discounted to present value.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed on the basis of judgment of management/independent experts. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and are adjusted to reflect the current management estimate. Contingent assets are not recognised in the Financial Statements.

16. CASH FLOW STATEMENTS

Cash flow statement is prepared in accordance with the indirect method prescribed in the relevant Accounting Standard.


Mar 31, 2015

1.1 BASIS OF PREPARATION

The fnancial statements are prepared on accrual basis of accounting under the historical cost convention in accordance with Accounting Principles Generally Accepted in India (GAAP), provisions of the Companies Act 2013, Accounting Standards specifed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003, to the extent applicable.

1.2 USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of fnancial statements in conformity with the GAAP requires the management to make estimates and assumptions on a reasonable and prudent basis taking into account all available information that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of the fnancial statements and the amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates & assumptions. Any revision in the estimate is recognized in the period in which the same is determined.

2 FIXED ASSETS

2.1 TANGIBLE ASSETS

2.1.1 Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition/construction less accumulated depreciation/amortisation and impairment losses, if any. In cases where fnal settlement of bills with contractors is pending, but the asset is complete and ready for use, capitalisation is done on estimated basis subject to necessary adjustments, including those arising out of settlement of arbitration/court cases.

2.1.2 Assets over which Company has control, though created on land not belonging to the Company are included under fxed assets.

2.1.3 Payments made/ liabilities created provisionally towards compensation, rehabilitation and other expenses relatable to land in possession are treated as cost of land.

2.2 INTANGIBLE ASSETS

2.2.1 Land taken for use from State Government (without transfer of title) and expenses on relief and rehabilitation as also on creation of alternate facilities for land evacuees or in lieu of existing facilities coming under submergence and where construction of such alternate facilities is a specifc pre-condition for the acquisition of the land for the purpose of the project, are accounted for as Land-Right to use.

2.2.2 Software (not being an integral part of the related hardware) acquired for internal use, is stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any and is recognised as intangible asset.

2.3 CAPITAL WORK IN PROGRESS

2.3.1 Capital work-in-progress is carried at cost. Administrative & general overhead and other expenditure attributable to construction of the project are accumulated under ''Expenditure During Construction (EDC)'' and are subsequently allocated on systematic basis over major immovable assets, other than land and infrastructural facilities, on commissioning of the project.

2.3.2 Expenditure on maintenance, up-gradation etc. of common public facilities in projects under construction is charged to ''Expenditure during Construction (EDC)''.

2.3.3 Expenditure in relation to Survey and Investigation of the projects is carried as Capital Work in Progress. Such expenditure is either capitalized as cost of Project on completion of the construction of the project or the same is charged to the Statement of Proft & Loss in the year in which it is decided to abandon such project.

2.3.4 Capital expenditure incurred for creation of facilities, over which the company does not have control but the creation of which is essential principally for construction of the project, is charged to ''Expenditure during Construction (EDC)''. Subsequent to completion of the Project, expenditure on creation of facilities over which the company does not have control is charged to "Statement of Proft & Loss."

3. MACHINERY SPARES

3.1 (a) Machinery spares procured along with the Plant & Machinery or subsequently and whose use is expected to be irregular are capitalized separately, if cost of such spares is known and depreciated fully over the residual useful life of the related plant and machinery at the rates of depreciation and methodology as notifed by CERC for such Plant & Machinery. If cost of such spares is not known particularly when procured along with mother plant, these are capitalized & depreciated along with mother plant at the rates of depreciation and methodology as notifed by CERC for such Plant & Machinery.

(b) Written Down Value (WDV) of spares is charged off to Statement of Proft & Loss in the year in which such spares are replaced in place of retrieved spares, provided the spares so retrieved do not have any useful life. Similarly, value of such spares, procured & replaced in place of retrieved spares, is charged off to Statement of Proft & Loss in that year itself, provided spares so retrieved do not have any useful life.

(c) When the useful life of the related fxed asset expires and asset is retired from active use, such spares are valued at net book value or net realizable value whichever is lower. However, in case retired assets are not replaced, WDV of related spares less disposable value is written off.

3.2 Other machinery spares are treated as "stores & spares" forming part of the inventory.

4. RATE REGULATED ACTIVITIES

Where an item of expenditure incurred during the period of construction of a project is recognised as expense in the Statement of Proft & Loss i.e. not allowed to be capitalized as part of cost of relevant fxed asset in accordance with the Accounting Standards, but is nevertheless permitted by Central Electricity Regulatory Commission(CERC), the regulator, to be recovered from the benefciaries in future through tariff, the right to recover the same is recognized as a Regulatory Asset and corresponding Regulatory Income is recognised, as per the Guidance Note on Accounting for Rate Regulated Activities issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), if it fulfls the conditions for such recognition laid down in the ibid Guidance Note.

5. DEPRECIATION & AMORTISATION

5.1 Depreciation on additions to /deductions from tangible assets during the year is charged on pro-rata basis from / up to the date on which the asset is available for use / disposal.

5.2.1 Depreciation on tangible assets of Operating Units of the Company is charged to the Statement of Proft & Loss on straight-line method following the rates and methodology as notifed by CERC for the fxation of tariff except for assets specifed in policy no. 5.2.3 below.

5.2.2 Depreciation on tangible assets of other than Operating Units of the company is charged on straight-line method to the extent of 90% of the cost of asset following the rates as notifed by CERC for the fxation of tariff except for assets specifed in policy no. 5.2.3 below.

5.2.3 Depreciation in respect of following assets is charged on straight line method based on the life and residual value (5%) given in the Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013:

(i) Construction Plant & Machinery

(ii) Computer & Peripherals

5.2.4 Temporary erections are depreciated fully (100%) in the year of acquisition / capitalization by retaining Rs. 1/- as WDV.

5.3 Assets valuing Rs. 5000/- or less but more than Rs. 750/- are fully depreciated during the year in which asset is made available for use with Rs. 1/- as WDV.

5.4 Low value items, which are in the nature of assets (excluding immovable assets) and valuing upto Rs. 750/- are not capitalized and charged off to revenue in the year of use.

5.5 Cost of software recognized as ''Intangible Assets'' is amortized on straight line method over a period of legal right to use or three fnancial years, whichever is earlier, starting from the year in which it is acquired.

5.6 Land-Right to use is amortized over a period of 30 years from the date of commercial operation of the project in line with CERC tariff regulations notifed for tariff fxation.

5.7.1 Leasehold Land, in case of operating units, is amortized over the period of lease or 35 years whichever is lower, following the rates and methodology notifed by CERC, vide Tariff Regulation 2014.

5.7.2 Leasehold Land, in case of units other than operating units, is amortized over the period of lease or 35 years whichever is lower.

5.8 Tangible Assets created on leasehold land are depreciated to the extent of 90% of original cost over the balance available lease period of respective land from the date such asset is available for use or at the applicable depreciation rates & methodology notifed by CERC Regulations for such assets, whichever is higher.

5.9 Where the cost of depreciable assets has undergone a change during the year due to increase/decrease in long term liabilities on account of exchange fuctuation, price adjustment, settlement of arbitration/court cases, change in duties or similar factors, the unamortized balance of such assets is depreciated prospectively over the residual life of such assets at the rate of depreciation and methodology notifed by CERC regulations.

5.10 Where the life and / or effciency of an asset is increased due to renovation and modernization, the expenditure thereon along with its unamortized depreciable amount is charged prospectively over the revised / remaining useful life determined by technical assessment.

6. INVESTMENTS

6.1 Long term Investments are carried at cost. Provision for diminution is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of such investments.

6.2 Current Investments are valued at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.

7. INVENTORIES

7.1 Stores & Spares are valued at cost, determined on weighted average basis, or net realizable value whichever is lower.

7.2 Dimunition in the value of obsolete, unservicable and surplus stores and spares, identifed on a systematic basis, is provided in the accounts.

8. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS

8.1 Transactions in foreign currency are initially recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the date of transaction. At each Balance Sheet date, monetary items denominated in foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the Balance Sheet date.

8.2 Exchange differences are recognised as income & expenses in the period in which they arise in Statement of Proft & Loss in case of operational stations and to EDC in case of projects under construction. However, exchange differences in respect of liabilities relating to fxed assets/capital work-in-progress arising out of transaction entered into prior to 01/04/2004 are adjusted to the carrying cost of respective fxed asset/Capital Work-in-Progress.

9. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

9.1 Employee benefts consist of provident fund, pension, gratuity, post retirement medical facilities, leave benefts (including compensated absences) and other terminal benefts.

9.2 Company contribution paid/payable during the year to Employees Defned Contribution Superannuation Scheme for providing pension benefts and Provident Fund scheme is accounted for and paid to respective funds which are administered through separate trusts.

9.3 The liability for retirement benefts of employees in respect of Gratuity is ascertained at the year end on the basis of actuarial valuation and paid to the Gratuity trust.

9.4 The liability for leave benefts (including compensated absences), post retirement medical benefts, allowance on retirement/death and memento on superannuation to employees is ascertained at the year end on the basis of actuarial valuation.

10. REVENUE

10.1 (a) Sale of energy is accounted for as per tariff notifed by Central Electricity Regulatory Commission. In case of Power Station where tariff is not notifed, sale is recognized on provisional rates worked out by the Company based on the parameters and method adopted by the appropriate authority. Recovery/refund towards foreign currency variation in respect of foreign currency loans and recovery towards income tax are accounted for on year to year basis.

(b) Incentives/Disincentives are recognised as per tariff notifcations. In case of Power Station where tariffs have not been notifed, incentives are recognized provisionally on assessment of the likelihood of acceptance of the same.

(c) Adjustments arising out of fnalisation of Regional Energy Account (REA), though not material, are effected in the year of respective fnalisation.

(d) Advance against depreciation considered as deferred income in earlier years is included in sales on straight line basis over the balance useful life after 31st March of the year closing after a period of 12 years from the date of commercial operation of the project, considering the total useful life of the project as 35 years.

10.2 Revenue on Project Management / Construction Contracts/ Consultancy assignments is recognized on percentage of completion method. The percentage of completion is determined as proportion of "cost incurred up to reporting date" to "estimated cost to complete the concerned Project Management / Construction Contracts and Consultancy assignment".

10.3 Interest on investments is accounted for on accrual basis. Dividend income is recognized when right to receive the same is established.

10.4 Interest/Surcharge recoverable from customers/Liquidated damages /interest on advances to contractors are recognised when no signifcant uncertainty as to measurability and collectability exists.

11. MISCELLANEOUS

11.1 Liabilities for Goods in transit/Capital works executed but not certifed are not provided for, pending inspection and acceptance by the Company.

11.2 Prepaid expenses and prior period expenses/income of items of Rs. 50,000/- and below are charged to natural heads of accounts.

11.3 Insurance claims are accounted for based on certainty of realization.

12. BORROWING COST

Borrowing costs attributable to the qualifying tangible assets during construction/renovation & modernisation are capitalised. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

13. TAXES ON INCOME

Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of taxable income under the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Deferred tax is recognized on timing differences between the accounting income and taxable income for the year and quantifed using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward to the extent there is a reasonable certainty that suffcient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. Deferred tax recovery adjustment account is credited/ debited to the extent tax expense is chargeable from the benefciaries in future years.

14. IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS

The company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any indication that cash generating unit (CGU) is impaired based on internal/external indicators. If any such indication exists, company estimates the recoverable amount of the CGU. An impairment loss is recognized in the Statement of Proft and Loss where the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount of the cash generating units. An impairment loss is reversed if there is a change in the recoverable amount and such loss either no longer exists or has decreased. Rate Regulated Assets are also tested for impairment at each Balance Sheet Date.

15. PROVISION, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND CONTINGENT ASSETS

A provision is recognized when the company has a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outfow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are determined based on management estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date and are not discounted to present value.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed on the basis of judgment of management/independent experts. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and are adjusted to refect the current management estimate. Contingent assets are not recognised in the Financial Statements.

16. CASH FLOW STATEMENTS

Cash fow statement is prepared in accordance with the indirect method prescribed in the relevant Accounting Standard.


Mar 31, 2014

1. BASIS OF PREPARATION

The financial statements are prepared on accrual basis of accounting under historical cost convention in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in India, the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 read with general circular 15/2013 dated 13 September, 2013 of Ministry of Corporate Affairs including accounting standards notified there under and the provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003 to the extent applicable.

2. FIXED ASSETS

2.1 Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition/construction. In cases where final settlement of bills with contractors is pending, but the asset is complete and ready for use, capitalisation is done on estimated basis subject to necessary adjustment, including those arising out of settlement of arbitration/court cases, in the year(s) of final settlement.

2.2 Fixed Assets created on land not belonging to the Company are included under fixed assets.

2.3 Payments made provisionally towards compensation and other expenses relatable to land are treated as cost of land.

2.4 Land taken for use from State Government (without transfer of title) and expenses on relief and rehabilitation as also on creation of alternate facilities for land evacuees or in lieu of existing facilities coming under submergence and where construction of such alternate facilities is a specific pre-condition for the acquisition of the land for the purpose of the project, are accounted for as Land-Right of use, to be amortized over a period of 30 years from the date of commercial operation of the project.

2.5 Fixed Assets declared surplus are shown at lower of book value and net realizable value.

3. MACHINERY SPARES

3.1 (a) Machinery spares procured along with the Plant & Machinery or subsequently and whose use is expected to be irregular are capitalized separately, if cost of such spares is known and depreciated fully over the residual useful life of the related plant and machinery at the rates of depreciation and methodology as notified by CERC for such Plant & Machinery. If cost of such spares is not known particularly when procured along with mother plant, these are capitalized & depreciated along with mother plant at the rates of depreciation and methodology as notified by CERC for such Plant & Machinery.

(b) Written Down Value (WDV) of spares is charged off to Statement of profit & Loss in the year in which such spares are replaced in place of retrieved spares, provided the spares so retrieved do not have any useful life. Similarly, value of such spares, procured & replaced in place of retrieved spares, is charged off to Statement of profit & Loss in that year itself, provided spares so retrieved do not have any useful life.

(c) When the useful life of the related fixed asset expires and asset is retired from active use, such spares are valued at net book value or net realizable value whichever is lower. However, in case retired assets are not replaced, WDV of related spares less disposable value is written off.

3.2 Other spares are treated as "stores & spares" forming part of the inventory and expensed when issued.

4. CAPITAL WORK IN PROGRESS

4.1 Capital work-in-progress is carried at cost. Administrative & general overhead and other expenditure attributable to construction of the project are accumulated under ''Expenditure During Construction (EDC)'' and are subsequently allocated on systematic basis over major immovable assets, other than land and infrastructural facilities, on commissioning of the project.

4.2 Expenditure on maintenance, up-gradation etc. of common public facilities in projects under construction is charged to ''Expenditure during Construction (EDC)''.

4.3 Expenditure in relation to Survey and Investigation of the projects is carried as Capital Work in Progress. Such expenditure is either capitalized as cost of Project on completion of the construction of the project or the same is expensed in the year in which it is decided to abandon such project.

4.4 Capital expenditure incurred for creation of facilities, over which the company does not have control but the creation of which is essential principally for construction of the project, is charged to ''Expenditure during Construction (EDC)''. Subsequent to completion of the Project, expenditure on creation of facilities over which the company does not have control is charged to "Statement of profit & Loss."

5. DEPRECIATION & AMORTISATION

5.1 Depreciation on additions to /deductions from tangible assets during the year is charged on pro-rata basis from / up to the date in which the asset is available for use / disposal.

5.2.1 Depreciation on tangible assets of Operating Units of the company is charged on straight-line method following the rates and methodology as notified by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) for the fixation of tariff except for assets specifi ed in 5.2.3 below, in respect of which depreciation is charged at the rates mentioned in that policy.

5.2.2 Depreciation on tangible assets of other than Operating Units of the company is charged on straight-line method to the extent of 90% of the cost of asset following the rates as notified by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) for the fixation of tariff except for assets specifi ed in 5.2.3 below, in respect of which depreciation is charged at the rates mentioned in that policy.

5.2.3 Depreciation in respect of following assets is charged on straight line method to the extent of 90% of the cost of asset following the rates of depreciation indicated against each asset:

(i) Construction Plant & Machinery 11.25%

(ii) Computer & Peripherals 30%

5.2.4 Temporary erections are depreciated fully (100%) in the year of acquisition / capitalization by retaining Rs.1/- as WDV.

5.3 Assets valuing Rs.5000/- or less but more than Rs.750/- and such items (excluding immovable assets) with written down value of Rs.5000/- or less at the beginning of the year are fully depreciated during the year with Rs.1/- as WDV.

5.4 Low value items, which are in the nature of assets (excluding immovable assets) and valuing upto Rs.750/- are not capitalized and charged off to revenue in the year of use.

5.5 Cost of software is recognized as ''Intangible Assets'' and is amortized on straight line method over a period of legal right to use or three financial years, whichever is earlier. Other intangible assets are amortized on straight line method over the period of legal right to use.

5.6.1 Leasehold Land, in case of operating units, is amortized over the period of lease or 35 years whichever is lower, following the rates and methodology notified by CERC, vide tariff regulation 2009.

5.6.2 Leasehold Land, in case of units other than operating units, is amortized over the period of lease or 35 years whichever is lower.

5.7 Fixed Assets created on leasehold land are depreciated to the extent of 90% of original cost over the balance available lease period of respective land from the date such asset is available for use or at the applicable depreciation rates & methodology notified by CERC regulations for such assets, whichever is higher.

5.8 Where the cost of depreciable assets has undergone a change during the year due to increase/decrease in long term liabilities on account of exchange fl uctuation, price adjustment, settlement of arbitration/court cases, change in duties or similar factors, the unamortized balance of such assets is depreciated prospectively over the residual life of such assets at the rate of depreciation and methodology notified by CERC regulations.

5.9 Where the life and / or efficiency of an asset is increased due to renovation and modernization, the expenditure thereon along with its unamortized depreciable amount is charged prospectively over the revised / remaining useful life determined by technical assessment.

6. INVESTMENTS

Investments are intended for long term and carried at cost. Provision for diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investment is provided.

7. INVENTORIES

7.1 Stores & Spares are valued at cost, determined on weighted average basis, or net realizable value whichever is lower.

7.2 Losses towards unserviceable and obsolete stores and spares, identified on a systematic basis, are provided in the accounts.

7.3 Loose tools issued during the year are charged to consumption account where cost of individual items is Rs. 5,000/- or less and in other cases written off in 5 yearly equated installments.

8. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS

8.1 Transactions in foreign currency are initially recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the date of transaction. At each Balance Sheet date, monetary items denominated in foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the Balance Sheet date.

8.2 Exchange differences are recognised as income & expenses in the period in which they arise in Statement of profit & Loss in case of operational stations and to EDC in case of projects under construction. However, exchange differences in respect of liabilities relating to fi xed assets/capital work-in-progress arising out of transaction entered into prior to 01/04/2004 are adjusted to the carrying cost of respective fixed asset/Capital Work-in-Progress.

9. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

9.1 Company''s liability towards defined contribution plans as defined in Accounting Standard-15 (2005) on ''Employee Benefits'' is accounted for and paid to respective funds, which are administered through separate trusts.

9.2 Company''s liability towards defined benefit plans as defined in Accounting Standard-15 (2005) on ''Employee Benefits'' is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation. Gratuity fund is administered through a separate trust.

9.3 Expenses on Ex-gratia payments & Notice Pay under Voluntary Retirement Scheme are charged to revenue in the year of incurrence.

10. REVENUE

10.1 (a) Sale of energy is accounted for as per tariff notified by Central Electricity Regulatory Commission. In case of Power Station where tariff is not notified, sale is recognized on provisional rates worked out by the Company based on the parameters and method adopted by the appropriate authority. Recovery/refund towards foreign currency variation in respect of foreign currency loans and recovery towards income tax are accounted for on year to year basis.

(b) Incentives/Disincentives are recognised as per tariff notifi -cations. In case of Power Station where tariffs have not been notifi ed, incentives are recognized provisionally on assessment of the likelihood of acceptance of the same.

(c) Adjustments arising out of finalisation of Regional Energy Account (REA), though not material, are effected in the year of respective fi -nalisation.

(d) Advance against depreciation considered as deferred income in earlier years is included in sales on straight line basis over the balance useful life after 31st March of the year closing after a period of 12 years from the date of commercial operation of the project, considering the total useful life of the project as 35 years.

10.2 Revenue on Project Management / Construction Contracts/ Consultancy assignments is recognized on percentage of completion method. The percentage of completion is determined as proportion of "cost incurred up to reporting date" to "estimated cost to complete the concerned Project Management / Construction Contracts and Consultancy assignment".

10.3 Interest on investments is accounted for on accrual basis. Dividend income is recognized when right to receive the same is established.

10.4 Interest / Surcharge charged from customers are recognized as income on receipt or when there is reasonable certainty of collection.

11. MISCELLANEOUS

11.1 Liabilities for Goods in transit/Capital works executed but not certifi ed are not provided for, pending inspection and acceptance by the Company.

11.2 Prepaid expenses and prior period expenses/income of items of Rs. 50,000/- and below are charged to natural heads of accounts.

11.3 Insurance claims are accounted for based on certainty of realization.

12. BORROWING COST

Borrowing costs attributable to the qualifying tangible assets during construction/renovation & modernisation are capitalised. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

13. TAXES ON INCOME

Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of taxable income under the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Deferred tax is recognized on timing differences between the accounting income and taxable income for the year and quantifi ed using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward to the extent there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. Deferred tax recovery adjustment account is credited/debited to the extent tax expense is chargeable from the benefi ciaries in future years.

14. IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS

The company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any indication that cash generating unit (CGU) is impaired based on internal/external indicators. If any such indication exists, company estimates the recoverable amount of the CGU. An impairment loss is recognized in the statement of profit and loss where the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount of the cash generating units. An impairment loss is reversed if there is a change in the recoverable amount and such loss either no longer exists or has decreased.

15. PROVISION & CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

A provision is recognized when the company has a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are determined based on management estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date and are not discounted to present value.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed on the basis of judgment of management/independent experts. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and are adjusted to refl ect the current management estimate.

* Particulars of security

1. Secured by pari-passu charge by way of Equitable mortgage/hypothecation against Immovable/Moveable assets of Company''s Chamera Power Station-I situated in the state of Himachal Pradesh except for Book Debts and Stores.

2. Secured by pari-passu charge by way of Equitable mortgage/hypothecation against Immovable/Moveable assets of Company''s Uri Power Station situated in the state of Jammu & Kashmir except for book debts and stores.

3. Secured by pari-passu charge by way of Equitable mortgage/ hypothecation against Immovable / Moveable assets of Company''s Chamera Power Station-II situated in the state of Himachal Pradesh except book debts & stores.

4. Secured by pari-passu charge by way of equitable mortgage/hypothecation against the assets of Company''s Loktak Power Station situated in the state of Manipur except for book debts and stores.

5. Secured by pari-passu charge by way of equitable mortgage and hypothecation against the immovable and moveable assets of the Company''s Parbati HE Project-II situated in the state of Himachal Pradesh.

6. Secured by pari-passu charge by way of equitable mortgage/hypothecation against immovable/movable assets of Company''s Teesta Low Dam-III Power Station situated in the state of West Bengal & Teesta-V Power Station situated in the state of Sikkim.

7. Secured by pari-passu charge by way of equitable mortgage and charge over all the immoveable and moveable assets of the Company''s Dhauliganga Power Station situated in the state of Uttrakhand except for book debts & stores.

8. Secured by way of first charge on pari-passu basis by way of hypothecation on whole of the Company''s movable assets, both present and future, of Dulhasti Power Station situated in the state of Jammu & Kashmir except for book debts & stores.

9. Secured by exclusive charge by way of equitable mortgage against the assets of Company''s Bairasiul Power Station situated in the state of Himachal Pradesh except for book debts and stores.

10. Secured by a first charge on pari-passu basis by way of equitable mortgage and hypothecation against the immovable and moveable assets of the Company''s Chamera-III Power Station situated in the state of Himachal Pradesh.

11. Secured by way of first charge on pari-passu basis by way of hypothecation on whole of the Company''s movable assets, both present and future, of Salal Power Station situated in the state of Jammu & Kashmir, Sewa-II Power Station situated in the state of Jammu & Kashmir, CHUTAK Power Station situated in the state of Jammu & Kashmir, Nimmo-Bazgo Power Station situated in the state of Jammu & Kashmir, Uri-II Power Station situated in the state of Jammu & Kashmir & TLDP-IV HE Project situated in the state of West Bengal except for book debts & stores.

12. Loans mentioned at sl. nos. C(i),C(ii),C(iii),C(iv) and E(i) above are guaranteed by Government of India.

Explanatory Note: -

1) The Board has resolved to implement the directions of the Ministry of Power(MOP) vide its letter no. 11/17/2009-NHPC/Vol. III dated 27th December 2013 conveying the approval of Competent Authority about pay scales in respect of below Board level Executives that the pay scales shall be fixed w.e.f. 01.01.2007 after correcting the aberrations in pay scales fixed w.e.f. 01.01.1997 and the deviant pay scales fixed w.e.f. 01.01.1997 shall not be regularized. Giving effect to the directions of Competent Authority, excess pay drawn for the months of February & March 2014 has been reversed and is to be recovered from employees. The MoP has been intimated vide letter no.PWA-504-Vol-IV/62 dated 14.05.2014 to confi rm that the recovery of personal adjustment w.e.f 01.02.2014 is in conformity with the said directive of the Competent Authority.Pending confirmation, cumulative amount provided towards the Personal Adjustment Pay (fitment benefits) under the head "Provision for Wage Revision" is Rs. 30.01 crore (including current year provision upto 31.01.2014 Rs. 2.90 Crore) with corresponding amount shown as "Advance paid" towards this.

2) Out of provisions under group ''Provision - Others'', an amount of Rs. 65.54 Crore (Previous Year Rs. 38.47 Crore) stands deposited under protest and is appearing under the head "Deposits" in Note No. 13 - Loans and Advances.


Mar 31, 2013

1. ACCOUNTING CONVENTIONS

The accounts of the Company are prepared under the historical cost convention using the accrual method of accounting.

2. FIXED ASSETS

2.1 Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition/construction. In cases where final settlement of bills with contractors is pending, but the asset is complete and ready for use, capitalisation is done on estimated basis subject to necessary adjustment, including those arising out ofsettlement ofarbitration/court cases, in the year(s) offinal settlement.

2.2 Fixed Assets created on land not belonging to the Company are included under fixed assets.

2.3 Capital Expenditure on assets where neither the land nor the asset is owned by the Company is reflected as a distinct item in capital work in progress till the period of completion and thereafter in the fixed assets.

2.4 Payments made provisionally towards compensation and other expenses relatable to land are treated as cost of land.

2.5 Land taken for use from State Government (without transfer of title) and expenses on relief and rehabilitation as also on creation of alternate facilities for land evacuates or in lieu of existing facilities coming under submergence and where construction of such alternate facilities is a specific pre condition for the acquisition of the land for the purpose of the project, are accounted for as Land- Unclassified/Right of use, to be amortised over a period of 30 years from the date of commercial operation of the project.

2.6 Fixed Assets declared surplus are shown at lower of book value and net realisable value.

3. MACHINERY SPARES

3.1 (a) Machinery spares procured along with the Plant & Machinery or subsequently and whose use is expected to be irregular are capitalized separately, if cost of such spares is known and depreciated fully over the residual useful life of the related plant and machinery at the rates of depreciation and methodology as notified by CERC for such Plant & Machinery. If cost of such spares is not known particularly when procured along with mother plant, these are capitalized & depreciated along with mother plant at the rates of depreciation and methodology as notified by CERC for such Plant & Machinery.

(b) WDV of spares is charged off to Statement of Profit & Loss in the year in which such spares are replaced in place of retrieved spares, provided the spares so retrieved do not have any useful life. Similarly value of such spares, procured & replaced in place of retrieved spares, is charged off to Statement of Profit & Loss in that year itself, provided spares so retrieved do not have any useful life.

(c) When the useful life of the related fixed asset expires and asset is retired from active use, such spares are valued at net book value or net realizable value which ever is lower. However, in case retired assets are not replaced, WDV of related spares less disposable value is written off.

3.2 Other spares are treated as "stores & spares" forming part of the inventory and expensed when issued.

4. CAPITAL WORK IN PROGRESS

4.1 Projects under commissioning and other capital work-in-progress are carried at cost. Administration & General overhead expenses directly attributable to construction of fixed assets are identified and allocated on systematic basis on major immovable assets other than land and infrastructural facilities, on commissioning ofthe project.

4.2 Expenditure on maintenance, upgradation etc. of common public facilities in projects under construction is charged to ''Expenditure during Construction (EDC)''.

4.3 Expenditure in relation to Survey and Investigation of the projects is carried as Capital Work in Progress. Such expenditure is either capitalized as cost of Project on completion ofthe construction ofthe Project or the same is expensed in the year in which it is decided to abandon such project.

5. DEPRECIATION & AMORTISATION

5.1 Depreciation on additions to /deductions from tangible assets during the year is charged on pro-rata basis from / up to the date in which the asset is available for use / disposal.

5.2.1Depreciation on tangible assets of Operating Units of the company is charged on straight-line method following the rates and methodology as notified by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) for the fixation of tariff except for assets specified in 5.2.3 below, in respect ofwhich depreciation is charged atthe rates mentioned in that policy.

5.2.2Depreciation on tangible assets of other than Operating Units of the company is charged on straight-line method to extent of 90% of the cost of asset following the rates as notified by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) for the fixation of tariff except for assets specified in 5.2.3 below, in respect of which depreciation is charged at the rates mentioned in that policy.

5.2.3Depreciation in respect of following assets is charged on straight line method to the extent of 90% of the cost of asset following the rates of depreciation indicated as against each asset

(i) Construction Plant & Machinery 11.25%

(ii) Computer & Peripherals 30%

5.2.4Temporary erections are depreciated fully (100%) in the year of acquisition / capitalization by retaining Rs.1/- as a WDV.

5.3 Assets valuing Rs. 5000/- or less but more than Rs. 750/- and such items (excluding immovable assets) with written down value of Rs. 5000/- or less at the beginning of the year are fully depreciated during the year with Rs. 1 as WDV.

5.4 Low value items, which are in the nature of assets (excluding immovable assets) and valuing upto Rs.750/- are not capitalized and charged off to revenue in the year of use.

5.5 Cost of software is recognized as ''Intangible Assets'' and is amortized on straight line method over a period of legal right to use or three financial years, whichever is earlier. Other intangible assets are amortized on straight line method over the period of legal right to use.

5.6.1 Leasehold Land, in case of operating units, is amortised over the period of lease or 35 years whichever is lower, following the rates and methodology notified by CERC, vide tariff regulation 2009.

5.6.2 Leasehold Land, in case of units other than operating units, is amortised over the period of lease or 35 years whichever is lower.

5.7 Fixed Assets created on leasehold land are depreciated to the extent of 90% of original cost over the balance available lease period of respective land from the date such asset is available for use or at the applicable depreciation rates & methodology notified by CERC regulations for such assets, whichever is higher.

5.8 Capital Expenditure referred to in Policy 2.3 is amortized over a period of 5 years from the year in which the first unit of project concerned comes into commercial operation and thereafter from the year in which the relevant asset becomes available for use.

5.9 Where the cost of depreciable assets has undergone a change during the year due to increase/decrease in long term liabilities on account of exchange fluctuation, price adjustment, change in duties or similar factors, the unamortized balance of such assets is depreciated prospectively over the residual life of such assets at the rate of depreciation and methodology notified by CERC regulations.

5.10Where the life and / or efficiency of an asset is increased due to renovation and modernization, the expenditure thereon along-with its unamortized depreciable amount is charged prospectively over the revised / remaining useful life determined by technical assessment.

6. INVESTMENTS

Investments are intended for long term and carried at cost. Provision for diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investment is provided.

7. INVENTORIES

7.1 Stores & Spares are valued at cost, determined on weighted average basis, or net realizable value whichever is lower.

7.2 Losses towards unserviceable and obsolete stores and spares, identified on a systematic basis, are provided in the accounts.

7.3 Loose tools issued during the year are charged to consumption account where cost of individual items is Rs. 5,000/- or less and in other cases written off in 5 yearly equated installments.

8. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS

8.1 Transactions in foreign currency are initially recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the date of transaction. At each Balance Sheet date monetary items denominated in foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the Balance Sheet date.

8.2 Exchange differences are recognised as income & expenses in the period in which they arise in Statement of Profit & Loss in case of operational stations and to EDC in case of projects under construction. However, exchange differences in respect of liabilities relating to fixed assets/capital work-in-progress arising out of transaction entered into prior to 01/04/2004 are adjusted to the carrying cost of respective fixed asset/Capital Work-in-Progress.

9. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

9.1 Provision for Post employment benefit as defined in Accounting Standard 15 (2005) on Employee Benefits is made based on actuarial valuation at the year-end.

9.2 Provision for Long term employee benefits is made in the books on the basis of actuarial valuation made at the year end.

9.3 Expenses on Ex-gratia payments & Notice Pay under Voluntary Retirement Scheme are charged to revenue in the year of incurrence.

10. REVENUE

10.1 (a) Sale of energy is accounted for as per tariff notified by Central Electricity Regulatory Commission. In case of Power Station where tariff is not notified, sale is recognized on provisional rates worked out by the Company based on the parameters and method adopted by the appropriate authority. Recovery/refund towards foreign currency variation in respect of foreign currency loans and recovery towards income tax are accounted for on year to year basis.

(b) Incentives/Disincentives are recognised as per tariff notifications. In case of Power Station where tariffs have not been notified, incentives are recognized provisionally on assessment of the likelihood of acceptance of the same.

(c) Adjustments arising out of finalisation of Regional Energy Account (REA), though not material, are effected in the year of respective finalisation.

(d) Advance against depreciation considered as deferred income in earlier years is included in sales on straight line basis over the balance useful life after 31st March ofthe year closing after a period of 12 years from the date of commercial operation ofthe project, considering the total useful life ofthe project as 35 years.

10.2 Revenue on Project Management/Construction Contracts/ consultancy assignments is recognized on percentage of completion method. The percentage of completion is determined as proportion of "cost incurred up to reporting date" to "estimated cost to complete the concerned Project Management / Construction Contracts and consultancy assignment".

10.3 Interest on investments is accounted for on accrual basis.

10.4 Interest / Surcharge charged from customers are recognized as income on receipt or when there is reasonable certainty of collection.

11. MISCELLANEOUS

11.1 Liabilities for Goods in transit/Capital works executed but not certified are not provided for, pending inspection and acceptance by the Company.

11.2 Prepaid expenses and prior period expenses/income of items of Rs.50,000/- and below are charged to natural heads of accounts.

11.3 Insurance claims are accounted for based on certainty of realization.

12. BORROWING COST

Borrowing costs attributable to the qualifying tangible assets during construction/renovation & modernisation are capitalised. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

13. TAXES ON INCOME

Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of taxable income under the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Deferred tax is recognized on timing differences between the accounting income and taxable income for the year and quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward to the extent there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. Deferred tax recovery adjustment account is credited/debited to the extent tax expense is chargeable from the beneficiaries in future years.

14. IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS

The company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any indication that cash generating unit (CGU) is impaired based on internal/external indicators. If any such indication exists, company estimates the recoverable amount of the CGU. An impairment loss is recognized in the statement of profit and loss where the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount of the cash generating units. An impairment loss is reversed if there is a change in the recoverable amount and such loss either no longer exists or has decreased.


Mar 31, 2012

1. ACCOUNTING CONVENTIONS

The accounts of the Corporation are prepared under the historical cost convention using the accrual method of accounting.

2. FIXED ASSETS

2.1 Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition/construction. In cases where final settlement of bills with contractors is pending, but the asset is complete and ready for use, capitalisation is done on estimated basis subject to necessary adjustment, including those arising out of settlement of arbitration/court cases, in the year(s) of final settlement.

2.2 Fixed Assets created on land not belonging to the Corporation are included under fixed assets.

2.3 Capital Expenditure on assets where neither the land nor the asset is owned by the Company is reflected as a distinct item in capital work in progress till the period of completion and thereafter in the fixed assets.

2.4 Payments made provisionally towards compensation and other expenses relatable to land are treated as cost of land.

2.5 Land taken for use from State Government (without transfer of title) and expenses on relief and rehabilitation as also on creation of alternate facilities for land evacuates or in lieu of existing facilities coming under submergence and where construction of such alternate facilities is a specific pre condition for the acquisition of the land for the purpose of the project, are accounted for as Land-unclassified/Right of use, to be amortised over a period of 30 years from the date of commercial operation of the project.

2.6 Construction equipments declared surplus are shown at lower of book value and net realisable value.

3. MACHINERY SPARES

3.1 (a) Machinery spares procured along with the Plant & Machinery or subsequently and whose use is expected to be

irregular are capitalized separately, if cost of such spares is known and depreciated fully over the residual useful life of the related plant and machinery at the rates of depreciation and methodology as notified by CERC for such Plant & Machinery. If cost of such spares is not known particularly when procured along with mother plant, these are capitalized & depreciated along with mother plant at the rates of depreciation and methodology as notified by CERC for such Plant & Machinery.

(b) WDV of spares is charged off to Profit & Loss Account in the year in which such spares are replaced in place of retrieved spares, provided the spares so retrieved do not have any useful life. Similarly value of such spares, procured & replaced in place of retrieved spares, is charged off to Profit & Loss Account in that year itself, provided spares so retrieved do not have any useful life.

(c) When the useful life of the related fixed asset expires and asset is retired from active use, such spares are valued at net book value or net realizable value which ever is lower. However, in case retired assets are not replaced, WDV of related spares less disposable value is written off.

3.2 Other spares are treated as "stores & spares" forming part of the inventory and expensed when issued.

4. CAPITAL WORK IN PROGRESS

4.1 Projects under commissioning and other capital work-in-progress are carried at cost. Administration & General overhead expenses attributable to construction of fixed assets are identified and allocated on systematic basis on major immovable assets other than land and infrastructural facilities, on commissioning of the project.

4.2 Expenditure on maintenance, up gradation etc. of common public facilities in projects under construction is charged to 'Expenditure During Construction (EDC)'.

4.3 Expenditure in relation to Survey and Investigation of the projects is carried as capital work in progress. Such expenditure is either capitalized as cost of Project on completion of the construction of the project or the same is expensed in the year in which it is decided to abandon such project.

5. DEPRECIATION & AMORTISATION

5.1 Depreciation on additions to /deductions from fixed assets during the year is charged on pro-rata basis from / up to the date in which the asset is available for use / disposal.

5.2.1 Depreciation on Fixed Assets of Operating Units of the company is charged on straight-line method following the rates and methodology as notified by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) for the fixation of tariff except for assets specified in 5.2.3 below , in respect of which depreciation is charged at the rates mentioned in that policy.

5.2.2 Depreciation on Fixed Assets of other than Operating Units of the company is charged on straight-line method to extent of 90% of the cost of asset following the rates as notified by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) for the fixation of tariff except for assets specified in 5.2.3 below, in respect of which depreciation is charged at the rates mentioned in that policy.

5.2.3 Depreciation in respect of following assets is charged on straight line method to the extent of 90% of the cost of asset following the rates of depreciation indicated as against each asset

(i) Construction Plant & Machinery 11.25%

(ii) Computer & Peripherals 30%

5.2.4 Temporary erections are depreciated fully (100%) in the year of acquisition / capitalization by retaining Re.1/- as a WDV.

5.3 Assets valuing Rs. 5000/- or less but more than Rs. 750/- and such items (excluding immovable assets) with written down value of Rs.5000/- or less at the beginning of the year are fully depreciated during the year with Re. 1 as a balance value.

5.4 Low value items, which are in the nature of assets (excluding immovable assets) and valuing upto Rs.750/- are not capitalized and charged off to revenue.

5.5 Cost of software is recognized as Rs.Intangible Assets' and is amortized on straight line method over a period of legal right to use or three years, whichever is earlier. Other intangible assets are amortized on straight line method over the period of legal right to use.

5.6.1 Leasehold Land, in case of operating units, is amortised over the period of lease or 35 years whichever is lower, following the rates and methodology notified by CERC, vide tariff regulation 2009.

5.6.2 Leasehold Land, in case of units other than operating units, is amortised over the period of lease or 35 years whichever is lower.

5.7 Fixed Assets created on leasehold land are depreciated to the extent of 90% of original cost over the balance available lease period of respective land or at the applicable depreciation rates & methodology notified by CERC regulations for such assets, whichever is higher.

5.8 Capital Expenditure referred to in Policy 2.3 is amortized over a period of 5 years from the year in which the first unit of project concerned comes into commercial operation and thereafter from the year in which the relevant asset becomes available for use.

5.9 Where the cost of depreciable assets has undergone a change during the year due to increase/decrease in long term liabilities on account of exchange fluctuation, price adjustment, change in duties or similar factors, the unamortized balance of such assets is depreciated prospectively over the residual life of such assets at the rate of depreciation and methodology notified by CERC regulations.

5.10 Where the life and / or efficiency of an asset is increased due to renovation and modernization, the expenditure thereon along-with its unamortized depreciable amount is charged prospectively over the revised / remaining useful life determined by technical assessment.

6. INVESTMENTS

Investments are intended for long term and carried at cost. Provision for diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investment is provided.

7. INVENTORIES

7.1 Stores & Spares are valued at cost, determined on weighted average basis, or net realizable value whichever is lower.

7.2 Losses towards unserviceable and obsolete stores and spares, identified on a systematic basis, are provided in the accounts.

7.3 Loose tools issued during the year are charged to consumption account where cost of individual items is Rs. 5,000/- or less and in other cases written off in 5 yearly equated installments.

8. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS

8.1 Transactions in foreign currency are initially recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the date of transaction. At each Balance Sheet date monetary items denominated in foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the Balance Sheet date.

8.2 Exchange differences are recognised as income & expenses in the period in which they arise in Profit & Loss Account in case of operational stations and to EDC in case of projects under construction. However, Exchange Differences in respect of liabilities relating to fixed assets/capital work-in-progress arising out of transaction entered into prior to 01/04/2004 are adjusted to the carrying cost of respective fixed asset/Capital Work-in-Progress.

9. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

9.1 Provision for Post employment benefit as defined in Accounting Standard 15 (2005) on Employee Benefits is made based on actuarial valuation at the year-end.

9.2 Provision for Long term employee benefits is made in the books on the basis of actuarial valuation made at the year end.

9.3 Expenses on Ex-gratia payments & Notice Pay under Voluntary Retirement Scheme are charged to revenue in the year of incurrence.

10. REVENUE

10.1 (a) Sale of energy is accounted for as per tariff notified by Central Electricity Regulatory Commission. In case of Power

Station where tariff is not notified, sales are billed on provisional rates worked out based on the parameters and method adopted by the appropriate authority. Recovery/refund towards foreign currency variation in respect of foreign currency loans and recovery towards income tax are accounted for on year to year basis.

(b) Incentives/Disincentives are recognised as per tariff notifications. In case of Power Station where tariffs have not been notified, incentives are recognized provisionally on assessment of the likelihood of acceptance of the same.

(c) Adjustments arising out of finalisation of global accounts, though not material, are effected in the year of respective finalisation.

(d) Advance against depreciation considered as deferred income in earlier years is included in sales on straight line basis over the balance useful life after 31st March of the year closing after a period of 12 years from the date of commercial operation of the project, considering the total useful life of the project as 35 years.

10.2 In respect of Project Management/Consultancy Contracts/Cost plus Contract, revenue is recognized based on the terms of agreement and the quantum of work done under the contract.

10.3 Interest on investments is accounted for on accrual basis.

10.4 Interest / Surcharge charged from customers are recognized as income on receipt or when there is reasonable certainty of collection.

11. MISCELLANEOUS

11.1. Liabilities for Goods in transit/Capital works executed but not certified are not provided for, pending inspection and acceptance by the Corporation.

11.2 Power supplied from Power Stations to Projects under construction is charged as per normal tariff.

11.3 Prepaid expenses and prior period expenses/income of items of Rs.50,000/- and below are charged to natural heads of accounts.

11.4 Insurance claims are accounted for based on certainty of realization.

12. BORROWING COST

Borrowing costs attributable to the Fixed Assets during construction/renovation & modernisation are capitalised. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

13. TAXES ON INCOME

Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of taxable income under the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Deferred tax is recognized on timing differences between the accounting income and taxable income for the year and quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward to the extent there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. Deferred Tax Recovery Adjustment Account is credited/debited to the extent tax expense is chargeable from the Beneficiaries in future years.


Mar 31, 2011

1. ACCOUNTING CONVENTIONS

The accounts of the Corporation are prepared under the historical cost convention using the accrual method of accounting.

2. FIXED ASSETS

2.1 Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition/construction. In cases where final settlement of bills with contractors is pending, but the asset is complete and ready for use, capitalisation is done on estimated basis subject to necessary adjustment, including those arising out of settlement of arbitration/court cases, in the year(s) of final settlement.

2.2 Fixed Assets created on land not belonging to the Corporation are included under fixed assets.

2.3 Capital Expenditure on assets where neither the land nor the asset is owned by the Company is reflected as a distinct item in capital work in progress till the period of completion and thereafter in the fixed assets.

2.4 Payments made provisionally towards compensation and other expenses relatable to land are treated as cost of land.

2.5 Land taken for use from State Government (without transfer of title) and expenses on relief and rehabilitation as also on creation of alternate facilities for land evacuates or in lieu of existing facilities coming under submergence and where construction of such alternate facilities is a specific pre condition for the acquisition of the land for the purpose of the project, are accounted for as Land-unclassified/Right of use, to be amortised over a period of 30 years from the date of commercial operation of the project.

2.6 Assets procured/created in projects on grants-in-aid/agency or deposit basis are not included in the assets, as ownership does not vest with the Corporation.

2.7 Construction equipments declared surplus are shown at lower of book value and net realisable value.

3. MACHINERY SPARES

3.1 (a) Machinery spares procured along with the Plant & Machinery or subsequently and whose use is expected to be irregular are capitalized separately, if cost of such spares is known and depreciated fully over the residual useful life of the related plant and machinery at the rates of depreciation and methodology as notified by CERC for such Plant & Machinery. If cost of such spares is not known particularly when procured along with mother plant, these are capitalized & depreciated along with mother plant at the rates of depreciation and methodology as notified by CERC for such Plant & Machinery.

(b) WDV of spares is charged off to Profit & Loss Account in the year in which such spares are replaced in place of retrieved spares, provided the spares so retrieved do not have any useful life. Similarly value of such spares, procured & replaced in place of retrieved spares, is charged off to Profit & Loss Account in that year itself, provided spares so retrieved do not have any useful life.

(c) When the useful life of the related fixed asset expires and asset is retired from active use, such spares are valued at net book value or net realizable value which ever is lower. However, in case retired assets are not replaced, WDV of related spares less disposable value is written off.

3.2 Other spares are treated as "stores & spares" forming part of the inventory and expensed when issued.

4. CAPITAL WORK IN PROGRESS

4.1 Projects under commissioning and other capital work-in-progress are carried at cost. Administration & General overhead expenses attributable to construction of fixed assets are identified and allocated on systematic basis on major immovable assets other than land and infrastructural facilities, on commissioning of the project.

4.2 Expenditure on maintenance, up gradation etc. of common public facilities in projects under construction is charged to `Expenditure During Construction (EDC)'.

4.3 Expenditure in relation to Survey and Investigation of the projects is carried as capital work in progress. Such expenditure is either capitalized as cost of Project on completion of the construction of the project or the same is expensed in the year in which it is decided to abandon such project.

5. DEPRECIATION & AMORTISATION

5.1 Depreciation is provided on pro rata basis in the year in which the asset becomes available for use.

5.2.1 Depreciation on Fixed Assets of Operating Units of the company is charged on straight-line method following the rates and methodology as notified by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) for the fixation of tariff except for assets specified in 5.2.3 below , in respect of which depreciation is charged at the rates mentioned in that policy.

5.2.2 Depreciation on Fixed Assets of other than Operating Units of the company is charged on straight-line method to extent of 90% of the cost of asset following the rates as notified by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) for the fixation of tariff except for assets specified in 5.2.3 below, in respect of which depreciation is charged at the rates mentioned in that policy.

5.2.3 Depreciation in respect of following assets shall be charged on straight line method to the extent of 90% of the cost of asset following the rates of depreciation indicated as against each asset

(i) Construction Plant & Machinery 11.25%

(ii) Computer & Peripherals 30%

5.2.4 Temporary erections are depreciated fully (100%) in the year of acquisition / capitalization by retaining Re.1/- as a WDV for control purpose.

5.3 Assets valuing Rs. 5000/- or less but more than Rs. 750/- and such items (excluding immovable assets) with written down value of Rs. 5000/- or less at the beginning of the year are fully depreciated during the year with Re. 1 as a balance value.

5.4 Low value items, which are in the nature of assets (excluding immovable assets) and valuing upto Rs. 750/- are not capitalized and charged off to revenue.

5.5 Cost of software is recognized as `Intangible Assets' and is amortized on straight line method over a period of legal right to use or three years, whichever is earlier. Other intangible assets are amortized on straight line method over the period of legal right to use or 35 years whichever is earlier.

5.6 Leasehold Land is amortized over the period of lease or 30 years whichever is lower.

5.7 Fixed Assets created on leasehold land are depreciated to the extent of 90% of original cost over the balance available lease period of respective land or at the applicable depreciation rates & methodology notified by CERC regulations for such assets, whichever is higher.

5.8 Capital Expenditure referred to in Policy 2.3 is amortized over a period of 5 years from the year in which the first unit of project concerned comes into commercial operation and thereafter from the year in which the relevant asset becomes available for use.

5.9 Where the cost of depreciable assets has undergone a change during the year due to increase/decrease in long term liabilities on account of exchange fluctuation, price adjustment, change in duties or similar factors, the unamortized balance of such assets is depreciated prospectively over the residual life of such assets at the rate of depreciation and methodology notified by CERC regulations.

5.10 Where the life and / or efficiency of an asset is increased due to renovation and modernization, the expenditure thereon along-with its unamortized depreciable amount is charged prospectively over the revised / remaining useful life determined by technical assessment.

6. INVESTMENTS

Investments are intended for long term and carried at cost. Provision for diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investment is provided.

7. INVENTORIES

7.1 Stores & Spares are valued at cost, determined on weighted average basis or net realizable value whichever is lower.

7.2 Losses towards unserviceable and obsolete stores and spares, identified on a systematic basis, are provided in the accounts.

7.3 Loose tools issued during the year are charged to consumption account where cost of individual items is Rs. 5,000/- or less and in other cases written off in 5 yearly equated installments.

7.4 Stores issued for operation and maintenance at Power Stations but lying unused at site at the year-end are evaluated at engineering estimates and taken as stores.

8. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS

8.1 Transactions in foreign currency are initially recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the date of transaction. At each Balance Sheet date monetary items denominated in foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the Balance Sheet date.

8.2 Exchange differences are recognised as income & expenses in the period in which they arise in Profit & Loss Account in case of operational stations and to EDC in case of projects under construction. However, Exchange Differences in respect of liabilities relating to fixed assets/capital work-in-progress arising out of transaction entered into prior to 01/04/2004 are adjusted to the carrying cost of respective fixed asset/Capital Work-in-Progress.

9. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

9.1 Provision for Post employment benefit as defined in Accounting Standard 15 (2005) on Employee Benefits is made based on actuarial valuation at the year-end.

9.2 Provision for Long term employee benefits is made in the books on the basis of actuarial valuation made at the year end.

9.3 Expenses on Ex-gratia payments & Notice Pay under Voluntary Retirement Scheme are charged to revenue in the year of incurrence.

10. REVENUE

10.1 (a) Sale of energy is accounted for as per tariff notified by Central Electricity Regulatory Commission. In case of Power Station where tariff is not notified, sales are billed on provisional rates worked out based on the parameters and method adopted by the appropriate authority. Recovery/refund towards foreign currency variation in respect of foreign currency loans and recovery towards income tax are accounted for on year to year basis.

(b) Incentives/Disincentives are recognised as per tariff notifications. In case of Power Station where tariffs have not been notified, incentives are recognized provisionally on assessment of the likelihood of acceptance of the same.

(c) Adjustments arising out of finalisation of global accounts, though not material, are effected in the year of respective finalisation.

(d) Advance against depreciation considered as deferred income in earlier years is included in sales on straight line basis over the balance useful life after 31st March of the year closing after a period of 12 years from the date of commercial operation of the project, considering the total useful life of the project as 35 years.

10.2 In respect of Project Management/Consultancy Contracts/Cost plus Contract, revenue is recognized based on the terms of agreement and the quantum of work done under the contract.

10.3 Interest on investments is accounted for on accrual basis.

10.4 Interest / Surcharge charged from customers are recognized as income on receipt or when there is reasonable certainty of collection.

11. MISCELLANEOUS

11.1 Liabilities for Goods in transit/Capital works executed but not certified are not provided for, pending inspection and acceptance by the Corporation.

11.2 Power supplied from Power Stations to Projects under construction is charged as per normal tariff.

11.3 Prepaid expenses and prior period expenses/income of items of Rs.50,000/- and below are charged to natural heads of accounts.

11.4 Insurance claims are accounted for based on certainty of realization.

12. BORROWING COST

Borrowing costs attributable to the Fixed Assets during construction/renovation & modernisation are capitalised. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

13. TAXES ON INCOME

Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of taxable income under the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Deferred tax is recognized on timing differences between the accounting income and taxable income for the year and quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward to the extent there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. Deferred Tax Recovery Adjustment Account is credited/debited to the extent tax expense is chargeable from the Beneficiaries in future years.


Mar 31, 2010

1. ACCOUNTING CONVENTIONS

The accounts of the Corporation are prepared under the historical cost convention using the accrual method of accounting.

2. FIRs.ED ASSETS

2.1 FiRs.ed assets are stated at cost of acquisition/construction. In cases where final settlement of bills with contractors is pending, but the asset is complete and ready for use, capitalisation is done on estimated basis subject to necessary adjustment, including those arising out of settlement of arbitration/court cases, in the year(s) of final settlement.

2.2 FiRs.ed Assets created on land not belonging to the Corporation are included under fiRs.ed assets.

2.3 Capital Expenditure on assets where neither the land nor the asset is owned by the Company is reflected as a distinct item in capital work in progress till the period of completion and thereafter in the fiRs.ed assets.

2.4 Payments made provisionally towards compensation and other expenses relatable to land are treated as cost of land.

2.5 Land taken for use from State Government (without transfer of title) and expenses on relief and rehabilitation as also on creation of alternate facilities for land evacuates or in lieu of eRs.isting facilities coming under submergence and where construction of such alternate facilities is a specific pre condition for the acquisition of the land for the purpose of the project, are accounted for as Land-unclassified/Right of use, to be amortised over a period of 30 years from the date of commercial operation of the project.

2.6 Assets procured/created in projects on grants-in-aid/agency or deposit basis are not included in the assets, as ownership does not vest with the Corporation.

2.7 Construction equipments declared surplus are shown at lower of book value and net realisable value.

3. MACHINERY SPARES

3.1 (a) Machinery spares procured along with the Plant & Machinery or subsequently and whose use is eRs.pected to be irregular are capitalized separately, if cost of such spares is known and depreciated fully over the residual useful life of the related plant and machinery. If cost of such spares is not known particularly when procured along with mother plant, these are capitalized & depreciated along with mother plant.

(b) WDV of spares is charged off to Profit & Loss Account in the year in which such spares are replaced in place of retrieved spares, provided the spares so retrieved do not have any useful life. Similarly value of such spares, procured & replaced in place of retrieved spares, is charged off to Profit & Loss Account in that year itself, provided spares so retrieved do not have any useful life.

(c) When the useful life of the related fiRs.ed asset eRs.pires and asset is retired from active use, such spares are valued at net book value or net realizable value which ever is lower. However, in case retired assets are not replaced, WDV of related spares less disposable value is written off.

3.2 Other spares are treated as "stores & spares" forming part of the inventory and eRs.pensed when issued.

4. CAPITAL WORK IN PROGRESS

4.1 Projects under commissioning and other capital work-in-progress are carried at cost. Administration & General overhead expenses attributable to construction of fiRs.ed assets are identified and allocated on systematic basis on major immovable assets other than land and infrastructural facilities, on commissioning of the project.

4.2 Expenditure on maintenance, up gradation etc. of common public facilities in projects under construction is charged to ‘Expenditure During Construction (EDC).

4.3 Expenditure in relation to Survey and Investigation of the projects is carried as capital work in progress. Such Expenditure is either capitalized as cost of Project on completion of the construction of the project or the same is eRs.pensed in the year in which it is decided to abandon such project.

5. DEPRECIATION & AMORTISATION

5.1 Depreciation is provided on pro rata basis in the year in which the asset becomes available for use.

5.2 Depreciation is charged on straight-line method to the extent of 90% of the Cost of Asset following the rates notified by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC). However, Construction Plant & Machinery and Computers & Peripherals are being depreciated @11.25% and @30% respectively, being the rate assessed by the Corporation based on useful life of the respective Assets. However, temporary erections are depreciated fully (i.e. 100%) in the year of acquisition/ capitalization itself.

5.3 Assets valuing Rs. 5000/- or less but more than Rs. 750/- and such items (excluding immovable assets) with written down value of Rs. 5000/- or less at the beginning of the year are fully depreciated during the year with Re. 1 as a balance value.

5.4 Low value items, which are in the nature of assets (excluding immovable assets) and valuing upto Rs. 750/- are not capitalized and charged off to revenue.

5.5 Expenditure on software is recognized as ‘Intangible Assets to be amortized over three years.

5.6 Leasehold Land is amortized over the period of lease or 30 years whichever is lower.

5.7 FiRs.ed Assets created on leasehold land are depreciated to the extent of 90% of original cost over the balance available lease period of respective land or at the applicable depreciation rates of such assets, which ever is higher.

5.8 Capital Expenditure referred to in Policy 2.3 is amortised over a period of 5 years from the year in which the first unit of project concerned comes into commercial operation and thereafter from the year in which the relevant asset becomes available for use.

5.9 Where the cost of depreciable assets has undergone a change during the year due to increase/decrease in long term liabilities on account of exchange fluctuation, price adjustment, change in duties or similar factors, the unamortized balance of such assets is depreciated prospectively over the residual life determined on the basis of the rate of depreciation.

6. INVESTMENTS

Investments are intended for long term and carried at cost. Provision for diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investment is provided.

7. INVENTORIES

7.1 Stores & Spares are valued at cost, determined on weighted average basis, or net realizable value whichever is lower.

7.2 Losses towards unserviceable and obsolete stores and spares identified on review are provided in the accounts.

7.3 Loose tools issued during the year are charged to consumption account where cost of individual items is Rs. 5,000/- or less and in other cases written off in 5 yearly equated installments.

7.4 Stores issued for operation and maintenance at Power Stations but lying unused at site at the year-end are evaluated at engineering estimates and taken as stores.

8. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS

8.1 Transactions in foreign currency are initially recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the date of transaction. At each Balance Sheet date monetary items denominated in foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the Balance Sheet date.

8.2 exchange differences are recognised as income & expenses in the period in which they arise in Profit & Loss Account in case of operational stations and to EDC in case of projects under construction. However, exchange Differences in respect of liabilities relating to fiRs.ed assets/capital work-in-progress arising out of transaction entered into prior to 01/04/2004 are adjusted to the carrying cost of respective fiRs.ed asset/Capital Work-in-Progress.

9. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

9.1 Provision for Post employment benefit as defined in Accounting Standard 15 (2005) on Employee Benefits is made based on actuarial valuation at the year-end.

9.2 Provision for Leave Travel concession, Leave Encashment & Baggage Allowance admissible on superannuation is made in the books on the basis of actuarial valuation made at the year end.

9.3 expenses on Exgratia payments & Notice Pay under Voluntary Retirement Scheme are charged to revenue in the year of incurrence.

10. REVENUE

10.1 (a) Sale of energy is accounted for as per tariff notified by Central Electricity Regulatory Commission. In case of Power Station where tariff is not notified, sales are billed on provisional rates worked out based on the parameters and method adopted by the appropriate authority. Recovery/refund towards foreign currency variation in respect of foreign currency loans and recovery towards income Tax are accounted for on year to year basis.

(b) Incentives/Disincentives are recognised as per tariff notifications. In case of Power Station where tariffs have not been notified, incentives are recognized provisionally on assessment of the likelihood of acceptance of the same.

(c) Adjustments arising out of finalisation of global accounts, though not material, are effected in the year of respective finalisation.

(d) Advance against depreciation given as a component of tariff in the initial years to facilitate repayment of loans is reduced from Sales and considered as deferred income to be included in Sales in subsequent years.

10.2 In respect of Project Management/Consultancy Contracts/Cost plus Contract, revenue is recognized based on the terms of agreement and the quantum of work done under the contract.

10.3 Interest on investments is accounted for on accrual basis.

10.4 Interest / Surcharge charged from customers are recognized as income on receipt or when there is reasonable certainty of collection.

11. SELF INSURANCE

0.5% p.a. of Gross Block of Power Stations as on the date of Balance Sheet is transferred to ‘Self Insurance Reserve on year to year basis through Profit & Loss Appropriation Account, to be utilized for losses of Assets for specified contingencies.

12. MISCELLANEOUS

12.1. Liabilities for Goods in transit/Capital works executed but not certified are not provided for, pending inspection and acceptance by the Corporation.

12.2. Power supplied from Power Stations to Projects under construction is charged as per normal tariff.

12.3 Prepaid expenses and prior period expenses/income of items of Rs.50,000/- and below are charged to natural heads of accounts.

12.4 Insurance claims are accounted for based on certainty of realization.

13. BORROWING COST

Borrowing costs attributable to the FiRs.ed Assets during construction/renovation & modernisation are capitalised. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an eRs.pense in the period in which they are incurred.

14. TaxES ON INCOME

Taxes on income for the current period is determined on the basis of Taxable income under the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Deferred Tax is recognized on timing differences between the accounting income and Taxable income for the year and quantified using the Tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date. Deferred Tax assets are recognized and carried forward to the extent there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future Taxable income will be available against which such deferred Tax assets can be realized. Deferred Tax Recovery Adjustment Account is credited/debited to the extent Tax eRs.pense is chargeable from the Beneficiaries in future years.

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