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Accounting Policies of PALCO Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2014

1. Basis of preparation

The financial statements of the company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP). The company has prepared these financial statements to comply in all material respects with the applicable accounting standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the historical cost convention.

2. Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

3. Tangible fixed assets and depreciation

Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

Depreciation is provided using Straight Line Method at the rates estimated by the Management which coincides with the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.

4. Impairment

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to see if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset.

5. Borrowing costs

Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the of borrowings and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur.

Notes forming part of the financial statement for the year ended March 31,2014

6. Investments

Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.

Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.

7. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized:

(i) Revenue from sale of goods

Sales are recognized net of returns and trade discounts, on transfer of significant risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer, which generally coincides with the delivery of goods to customers.

(ii) Interest

Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head "other income" in the statement of profit and loss.

(iii) Dividends

Dividend income is recognized when the company''s right to receive dividend is established by the reporting date.

8. Inventory Valuation

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and the net realizable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes all charges in bringing the goods to the point of sale, including octroi and other levies, transit insurance and receiving charges. Work-in-progress and finished goods include appropriate proportion of overheads and, where applicable, excise duty.

9. Foreign currency translation

(i) Initial recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

(ii) Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.

(iii) Exchange differences

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.


Mar 31, 2012

1. Basis of preparation

The financial statements of the company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP). The company has prepared these financial statements to comply in all material respects with the applicable accounting standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the historical cost convention.

2. Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management's best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

3. Tangible fixed assets and depreciation

Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

Depreciation is provided using Straight Line Method at the rates estimated by the Management which coincides with the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.

4. Impairment

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to see if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset.

5. Borrowing costs

Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the of borrowings and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur.

6. Investments

Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.

Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.

7. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized:

(i) Revenue from sale of goods

Sales are recognized net of returns and trade discounts, on transfer of significant risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer, which generally coincides with the delivery of goods to customers.

(ii) Interest

Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head "other income" in the statement of profit and loss.

(iii) Dividends

Dividend income is recognized when the company's right to receive dividend is established by the reporting date.

8. Inventory Valuation

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and the net realizable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes all charges in bringing the goods to the point of sale, including octroi and other levies, transit insurance and receiving charges. Work-in-progress and finished goods include appropriate proportion of overheads and, where applicable, excise duty.

9. Foreign currency translation

(i) Initial recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

(ii) Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.

(iii) Exchange differences

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Company's monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

10. Retirement and other employee benefits

(i) Retirement benefit in the form of Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the provident fund.

(ii) Gratuity liability is defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year.

(iii) Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method.

(iv) Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to statement of profit and loss.

(v) The company presents the entire leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date.

11. Income tax

Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

12. Provisions

A provision is recognized when the company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.


Mar 31, 2011

I) System of Accounting

The Company follows the mercantile system of accounting.

ii) Transactions in Foreign Currency

Foreign currency transactions are recorded at exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. All foreign currency assets and liabilities, if any, as at Balance Sheet date are translated into rupees at the applicable exchange rate prevailing on that date. All exchange differences are dealt with in the Profit & Loss Account, except those relating to acquisition of Fixed Assets, which are adjusted in the Cost of Fixed Assets.

iii) Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognised on completion of sale of goods, rendering of services and / or use of Company's resources by third parties.

iv) Sales Turnover

Sales Turnover is expressed net of Excise Duty.

v) Excise Duty

The payments for Excise Duty on Finished Goods are accounted for as and when such goods are cleared from the factory premises. Provision is made for goods manufactured and lying in the Bonded Warehouses in the factory premises. CENVAT benefit is accounted on receipt of materials from suppliers and appropriated against payment of Excise Duty to clear finished goods.

vi) Contingent Liabilities

Contingencies which can be reasonably ascertained are provided for, if, in the opinion of the Company, there is a probability that the future outcome may be materially detrimental to the Company.

vii) General

Accounting Policies not specifically referred to are consistent with generally accepted accounting practices.


Mar 31, 2010

I) System of Accounting

The Company follows the mercantile system of accounting.

ii) Transactions in Foreign Currency

Foreign currency transactions are recorded at exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. All foreign currency assets and liabilities, if any, as at Balance Sheet date are translated into rupees at the applicable exchange rate prevailing on that date. All exchange differences are dealt with in the Profit & Loss Account, except those relating to acquisition of Fixed Assets, which are adjusted in the Cost of Fixed Assets.

Hi) Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognised on completion of sale of goods, rendering of services and/or use of Companys resources by third parties.

iv) Sales Turnover

Sales Turnover is expressed net of Excise Duty.

v) Excise Duty

The payments for Excise Duty on Finished Goods are accounted for as and when such goods are cleared from the factory premises. Provision is made for goods manufactured and lying in the Bonded Warehouses in the factory premises. CENVAT benefit is accounted on receipt of materials from suppliers and appropriated against payment of Excise Duty to clear finished goods.

vi) Contingent Liabilities

Contingencies which can be reasonably ascertained are provided for, if, in the opinion of the Company, there is a probability that the future outcome may be materially detrimental to the Company.

vii) General

Accounting Policies not specifically referred to are consistent with generally accepted accounting practices.

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