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Accounting Policies of Photoquip (India) Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2015

1.1 Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

a) Basis of Accounting

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India under historical cost convention on accrual basis. Pursuant to Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, till the standards of accounting or any addendum thereto are prescribed by Central Government in consultation and recommendation of the National Financial Reporting Authority, the existing Accounting Standards notified under the Companies Act, 1956 shall continue to apply. Consequently, these financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material aspects with the accounting standards notified under Section 211(3C) [Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, as amended] of the Companies Act, 1956 and the other relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

b) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The estimates and assumptions used in the accompanying financial statements are based upon management evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as on the date of the financial statements. Actual results may differ from the estimates and assumptions used in preparing the accompanying financial statements. Any revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively in current and future periods.

c) Current / Non-Current Classification

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current and non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and services and the time between acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, The Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current and non-current classification of asset and liabilities.

1.2 Fixed Assets and Depreciation / Amortization

a) Tangible Fixed Assets

Tangible Assets are stated at cost net of recoverable taxes, trade discounts and rebates, less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. The cost of Tangible Assets comprises its purchase price, borrowing cost and any cost directly attributable to bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

Subsequent expenditures related to an item of Tangible Asset are added to its book value only if they increase the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.

Pursuant to the enactment of Companies Act 2013, the company has applied the estimated useful lives as specified in Schedule II.

Depreciation on tangible fixed assets of the company is provided on Straight line method on pro-rata basis at rates and in manner specified in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.

b) Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are recognized when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to enterprise and the cost of the assets can be measured reliably. The intangible assets are recorded at the consideration paid for the acquisition of such assets and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

Costs incurred on acquisition of intangible assets are capitalized and amortized on a straight- line basis over their technically assessed useful lives, as mentioned below:

Intangible Assets Estimated Useful Lives (Years)

Trade Mark 5

Website 5

c) Capital Work-in-Progress

Projects under which assets are not ready for their intended use and other capital work-in- progress are carried at cost, comprising direct cost, related incidental expenses and attributable interest.

d) Impairment

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal / external factors. An asset is impaired when the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is charged to the statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. An impairment loss recognised in prior accounting periods is reversed if there has been change in the estimate of the recoverable amount.

1.3 Investments

Investments are classified into current and long-term investments. Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than a year from the date of acquisition are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.

Long-term investments are stated at cost. A provision for diminution in the value of long-term investments is made only if such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the management.

On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.4 Inventories

a) Raw materials, finished goods, stock-in-trade, and stores and spares are carried at the lower of cost and net realizable value after providing for obsolescence, if any. The comparison of cost and net realizable value is made on an item-by item basis.

b) In determining the cost of raw materials, stock-in-trade, stores and spares, First-in-First-Out (FIFO) method is used. Cost of inventory comprises all costs of purchase, duties, taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from tax authorities) and all other costs incurred in bringing the inventory to their present location and condition.

c) Cost of finished goods includes the cost of raw materials, an appropriate share of fixed and variable production overheads, excise duty as applicable and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

1.5 Transactions in Foreign Currency:

a) Initial recognition:

Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the on the transaction. Exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the year are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

b) Measurement of foreign currency items at the Balance Sheet date:

Foreign currency monetary items of the Company are restated at the closing exchange rates. Non-monetary items are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. Exchange differences arising out of these translations are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

c) Forward exchange contracts:

The Company enters into forward exchange contracts to hedge against its foreign currency exposures relating to the underlying transactions and firm commitments. The Company does not enter into any derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contract is amortized and recognized as an expense/income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the exchange rates change. Any Profit or Loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognized as income or expense for the period.

1.6 Revenue Recognition

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership in the goods are transferred to the buyer, the Company retains no effective control of the goods transferred to a degree usually associated with ownership and no significant uncertainty exists regarding the amount of the consideration that will be derived from the sale of goods. Sales are recognised net of trade discounts, rebates, sales taxes and excise duties (on goods manufactured and outsourced).

Export Incentives are recognised when the right to receive credit as per the terms of Incentives is established in respect of the exports made and when there is no significant uncertainty regarding the ultimate collection of the relevant export proceeds.

Dividend Income is recognised when the right to receive dividend is established. Interest income is recognised on the time proportion basis.

Other incomes are accounted on accrual basis.

1.7 Employee Benefits

a) Short Term Employees Benefit

Employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of receiving employee services are classified as short-term employee benefits. These benefits include salaries and wages, bonus, short term compensated absences, ex-gratia, etc. The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits to be paid in exchange for employee services is recognised as an expense as the related service is rendered by employees.

b) Post Employment Benefit

Defined Contribution Plans:

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays specified contributions to a separate entity and has no obligation to pay any further amounts. The Company makes specified monthly contributions towards employee provident fund to Government administered provident fund scheme and Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) which are a defined contribution plan. The Company's contribution is recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss during the period in which the employee renders the related service.

Defined Benefit Plans:

The Company's gratuity benefit scheme is a defined benefit plan. The Company's net obligation in respect of a defined benefit plan is calculated by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods; that benefit is discounted to determine its present value. Any unrecognized past service costs and the fair value of any plan assets are deducted. The calculation of the Company's obligation under the plan is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method, which recognizes each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation. The discount rates used for determining the present value of the obligation under defined benefit plan, are based on the market yields on Government securities as at the Balance sheet date.

The Company recognizes all actuarial gains and losses arising from defined benefit plans immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss. All expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognized in employee benefits expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The Company recognizes gains and losses on the curtailment or settlement of a defined benefit plan when the curtailment or settlement occurs.

The Company has funded its gratuity liability with Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) under the Employees Group Gratuity and Ass. Scheme.

Termination Benefits:

Termination Benefits are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year of accrual.

Compensated Absences:

Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

8 Borrowing Cost

Borrowing costs attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, are added to the cost of those assets, upto the date when the assets are ready for their intended use. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur.

9 Provisions and Contingencies

A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present obligation that can be estimated reliably and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are recognised at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date. The provisions are measured on an undiscounted basis.

A contingent liability exists when there is a possible but not probable obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources, or a present obligation whose amount cannot be estimated reliably. Contingent liabilities do not warrant provisions, but are disclosed unless the possibility of outflow of resources is remote. Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognised in the period in which the change occurs.

1.10 Taxes on Income

Income tax expenses comprise current and deferred taxes. Current tax is determined on income for the year chargeable to tax in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws and after considering credit for Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) available under the said Act. MAT paid in accordance with the tax laws which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustments to future tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company resulting in payment of normal income tax.

Deferred tax is recognized on timing differences; being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversing in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all timing differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for timing differences of items other than unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward losses only to the extent that there is a reasonable certainty that there will be sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these can be realized. However if there are unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses and items relating to capital losses, deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that there will be sufficient future taxable income available to realize the assets. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing tax laws and the Company has a legally enforceable right for such set off. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date for their realizability.

1.11 Segment Accounting

Segment accounting policies are in line with the accounting policies of the Company. In addition, the following specific accounting policies have been followed for segment reporting:

a) Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly identifiable with/allocable to the segment.

b) Expenses that are directly identifiable with/ allocable to segments are considered for determining the segment result. Expenses which relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments are included under "Un-allocable Corporate Expenditure".

c) Income which relates to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments is included in "Un-allocable Corporate Income".

d) Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable with the respective segments. Un-allocable Corporate Assets and Liabilities represent the assets and liabilities that relate to the Company as whole and not allocable to any segment.

1.12 Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earning per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares, if any.

1.13 Research and Development Expenditure

Expenditure on Research and Development of revenue nature incurred by the Company are charged to Profit and Loss Account, while those of capital nature are treated as Fixed Assets.

1.14 Deferred Revenue Expenditure

Expenditure Incurred on Promotion of new Products are shown as Deferred Revenue Expenditure. Deferred Revenue Expenditure has been amortized over a period of Five year.

1.15 Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into known amount of cash that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and having original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents.

1.16 Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.


Mar 31, 2014

1.1 Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

a) Basis of Accounting

The financial statements of the Company are prepared under the historical cost convention as a going concern on accrual basis and to comply in all material aspects with the Accounting Standards prescribed in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 issued by the Central Government, the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 ("the Act") which as per clarification issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs continue to apply under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (which has superseded Section 211(3C) of the Act w.e.f 12th September 2013) and other accounting principles generally accepted in India, to the extent applicable.

b) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The estimates and assumptions used in the accompanying financial statements are based upon management evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as on the date of the financial statements. Actual results may differ from the estimates and assumptions used in preparing the accompanying financial statements. Any revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively in current and future periods.

c) Current / Non Current Classification

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current and non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956. Based on the nature of products and services and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current and non-current classification of asset and liabilities.

1.2 Fixed Assets and Depreciation / Amortization

a) Tangible Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition/construction (net of recoverable taxes)less Accumulated Depreciation and impairment loss if any. Cost of acquisition includes non refundable taxes, duties, freight and other costs that are directly attributable to bringing assets to their working condition for their intended use. All costs, including financing costs till the asset is put to use and adjustments arising from exchange rate variations attributable to the fixed assets are capitalized.

Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on straight line method on pro-rata basis at rates and in manner specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.

b) Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are recognized when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to enterprise and the cost of the assets can be measured reliably. The intangible assets are recorded at the consideration paid for the acquisition of such assets and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

Costs incurred on acquisition of intangible assets are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over their technically assessed useful lives, as mentioned below :

Intangible Assets Estimated Useful Lives (Years)

Trade Mark 5

Website 5

c) Impairment of Assets

At each balance sheet date, the management reviews the carrying amounts of its assets included in each cash generating unit to determine whether there is any indication that those assets were impaired. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of impairment. Recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows expected from the continuing use of the asset and from its disposal are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects the current market assessments of time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.

Reversal of impairment loss is recognised as income in the statement of profit and loss.

1.3 Investments

Investments are classified into current and long-term investments. Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than a year from the date of acquisition are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments. However, that part of long term investments which are expected to be realized within twelve months from Balance Sheet date is also presented under "Current Assets" under "Current portion of long term investments" in consonance with the current / non-current classification of revised Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956.

Current investments are stated at the lower of cost and fair value. The comparison of cost and fair value is done separately in respect of each category of investments.

Long-term investments are stated at cost. A provision for diminution in the value of long-term investments is made only if such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the management.

On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.4 Inventories

Finished goods (including for trade), work-in-process, semi-finished goods for trade, Raw materials, Stores are valued at cost or net realizable value whichever is lower. Cost comprises all cost of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Due allowance is estimated and made for defective and obsolete items, wherever necessary, based on the past experience of the Company. The cost formula used for determination of cost is ''First in First Out''.

1.5 Transactions in Foreign Currency:

a) Initial recognition:

Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the year are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

b) Measurement of foreign currency items at the Balance Sheet date:

Foreign currency monetary items of the Company are restated at the closing exchange rates. Non-monetary items are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. Exchange differences arising out of these translations are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.6 Revenue Recognition

a) Sales

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised on transfer of all significant risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer. The amount recognised as sale is exclusive of sales tax/VAT and is net of returns & discounts. Sales are stated gross of excise duty as well as net of excise duty; excise duty being the amount included in the amount of gross turnover.

b) Other Income

Dividend Income is recognised when the right to receive the dividend is established.

Interest income is recognised on the time proportion basis.

Other incomes are accounted on accrual basis.

1.7 Employee Benefits

a) Short Term Employees Benefit

Employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of receiving employee services are classified as short-term employee benefits. These benefits include salaries and wages, bonus, short term compensated absences, ex-gratia, etc. The undiscounted amount of short- term employee benefits to be paid in exchange for employee services is recognised as an expense as the related service is rendered by employees.

b) Post Employment Benefit

Defined Contribution Plans

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays specified contributions to a separate entity and has no obligation to pay any further amounts. The Company makes specified monthly contributions towards employee provident fund to Government administered provident fund scheme and Employees'' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) which are a defined contribution plan. The Company''s contribution is recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss during the period in which the employee renders the related service.

Defined Benefit Plans

The Company''s gratuity benefit scheme is a defined benefit plan. The Company''s net obligation in respect of a defined benefit plan is calculated by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods; that benefit is discounted to determine its present value. Any unrecognized past service costs and the fair value of any plan assets are deducted. The calculation of the Company''s obligation under the plan is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method, which recognizes each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation. The discount rates used for determining the present value of the obligation under defined benefit plan, are based on the market yields on Government securities as at the Balance sheet date.

The Company recognizes all actuarial gains and losses arising from defined benefit plans immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss. All expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in employee benefits expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The Company recognizes gains and losses on the curtailment or settlement of a defined benefit plan when the curtailment or settlement occurs.

The Company has funded its gratuity liability with Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) under the Employees Group Gratuity and ASS. Scheme.

c) Compensated Absences

Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

1.8 Borrowing Cost

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.

1.9 Provisions and Contingencies

A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present obligation that can be estimated reliably and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are recognised at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date. The provisions are measured on an undiscounted basis.

A contingent liability exists when there is a possible but not probable obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources, or a present obligation whose amount cannot be estimated reliably. Contingent liabilities do not warrant provisions, but are disclosed unless the possibility of outflow of resources is remote. Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognised in the period in which the change occurs.

1.10 Taxes on Income

Income tax expense comprises current tax (i.e. amount of tax for the year determined in accordance with the income-tax law) and deferred tax charge or credit (reflecting the tax effects of timing differences between accounting income and taxable income for the year).

Provision for current tax is based on the results for the year ended 31st March, in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

The deferred tax charge or credit and the corresponding deferred tax liabilities or assets are recognised using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent there is reasonable certainty that the assets can be realized in future, however when there is unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward loss under taxation laws, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is a virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

Deferred tax assets are reviewed as at each balance sheet date and written down or written-up to reflect the amount that is reasonably / virtually certain (as the case may be) to be realized.

Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) under the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 is recognized as current tax. The credit available under the said act in respect of MAT is recognized as an asset only when there is certainty that the company will pay income tax in future periods and MAT credit can be carried forward to set-off against the normal tax liability. MAT credit recognized as an asset is reviewed at each Balance sheet date and written down to the extent the aforesaid certainty no longer exists.

1.11 Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earning per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares, if any.

1.12 Segment Accounting

Segment accounting policies are in line with the accounting policies of the Company. In addition, the following specific accounting policies have been followed for segment reporting:

(i) Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly identifiable with/ allocable to the segment.

(ii) Expenses that are directly identifiable with/ allocable to segments are considered for determining the segment result. Expenses which relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments are included under "Un-allocable Corporate Expenditure".

(iii) Income which relates to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments is included in "Un-allocable Corporate Income".

(iv) Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable with the respective segments. Un-allocable Corporate Assets and Liabilities represent the assets and liabilities that relate to the Company as whole and not allocable to any segment.

1.13 Research and Development Expenditure

Expenditure on Research and Development of revenue nature incurred by the Company are charged to Profit and Loss Account, while those of capital nature are treated as Fixed Assets.

1.14 Deferred Revenue Expenditure

Expenditure Incurred on Promotion of new Products are shown as Deferred Revenue Expenditure. Deferred Revenue Expenditure has been amortized over a period of Five year.

1.15 Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into known amount of cash that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and having original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents.

1.16 Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.


Mar 31, 2012

A) Accounting Conventions

I) Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

The financial statements of the Company are prepared under the historical cost convention on accrual basis of accounting in all material respects in accordance with the notified Accounting Standards by Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules 2006 (as amended) and the relevant Provisions of the Companies Act,1956. The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company during the year.

II) Presentation And Disclosure Of Financial Statements

During the year ended 31st March, 2012, the revised Schedule-VI notified under Companies Act 1956, has become applicable to the company, for preparation and presentation of its financial statements. The adoption of revised Schedule-VI does not impact recognition and measurement principles followed for preparation of financial statements. However, it has significant impact on presentation and disclosure made in financial statements. The company has also restated the previous year figures in accordance with the requirements applicable for the current year.

III) Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Practices requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized prospectively in current and future periods.

b) Fixed Assets

I) Tangible

Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition/construction (net of recoverable taxes) less Accumulated Depreciation and impairment loss if any. Cost of acquisition includes non refundable taxes, duties, freight and other costs that are directly attributable to bringing assets to their working condition for their intended use. All costs, including financing costs till the asset is put to use and adjustments arising from exchange rate variations attributable to the fixed assets are capitalized.

II) Intangible

Intangible assets are recognized when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to enterprise and the cost of the assets can be measured reliably. The intangible assets are recorded at the consideration paid for the acquisition of such assets and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

c) Depreciation / Amortization

I) Tangible

Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on straight line method on pro-rata basis at rates and in manner specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.

II) Intangible

Intangible Assets are amortized over a period of five years or according to the life cycle of Intangible Assets.

d) Capital Work-in-Progress

Projects under which assets are not ready for their intended use and other capital work-in- progress are carried at cost, comprising direct cost, related incidental expenses and attributable interest.

e) Intangible Assets under Development

Intangible assets for which Development is in process are carried at cost ,comprising direct cost ,related incidental expenses.

f) Investments

Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. Current Investments are valued at Cost or Net realizable value whichever is lower. All other investments are classified as long term Investments. Long term investments are stated at cost of acquisition. Provision for diminution in value of long term investments is made, only if such decline is other than temporary.

g) Inventories

Finished goods (including for trade), work-in-process, semi-finished goods for trade, Raw materials, Stores are valued at cost or net realizable value whichever is lower. Cost comprises all cost of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Due allowance is estimated and made

for defective and obsolete items, wherever necessary, based on the past experience of the Company. The cost formula used for determination of cost is ‘First in First Out’.

h) Foreign Currency Translations :

(i) All Transactions in foreign currency, are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing as at the date of the transaction.

(ii) Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency, outstanding at the close of the year, are converted in Indian currency at the appropriate rates of exchange prevailing at the close of the year. Any income or expense on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Profit and Loss account except in case of long term liabilities, where they relate to acquisition of fixed assets, in which case they are adjusted to the carrying cost of such assets.

i) Revenue Recognition

I) Sales

The Company recognises sale of goods when the significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer, which is usually when the goods are dispatched to customers. Sales represents the invoice value of goods and services provided to third parties net of discounts, excise duty, sales tax / value added tax .

II) Other Income

Other incomes except dividend income are accounted on accrual basis. Dividend Income is recognised when the right to receive the dividend is established.

j) Employee Benefits

1) Short Term Employees Benefit

Short Term Benefits are recognized as expenditure at the undiscounted value in the Profit and Loss Account of the year in which the related services are rendered.

2) Post Employment Benefit

a. Defined Contribution Plans - Monthly contributions to the Provident Fund and E.S.I.C which are defined contribution schemes are charged to Profit and Loss Account and deposited with the Provident Fund and E.S.I. Authorities on monthly basis.

b. Defined Benefit Plans - Gratuity to Employees are covered under the Employees Group Gratuity Scheme and the premium is paid on the basis of their actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method. Actuarial gain and losses arising on such valuation are recognized immediately in the Profit and Loss Account. Any shortfall in case of premature termination / resignation to the extent not reimbursed by LIC is being absorbed in the year of payment. The amount funded by the trust administrated by the Company under the aforesaid policy is reduced from the gross obligation under the defined benefit plan, to recognize the obligation on net basis.

3) Termination Benefit Termination Benefits are charged to Profit and Loss Account in the year of accrual.

k) Borrowing Cost

Borrowing Costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

l) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the notes. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.

m) Taxes on Income

Tax expense for a year comprises of current tax and deferred tax.

Current tax are measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities, after taking into consideration, the applicable deductions and exemptions admissible under the provisions of the Income tax Act, 1961.

Deferred tax reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing difference of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. If there is unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward of losses under tax laws, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) credit is recognized as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay income tax higher than that computed under MAT, during the period that MAT is permitted to be set off under the Income Tax Act, 1961.

n) Impairment of Assets

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An asset is impaired when the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is charged to the Profit and Loss Account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. An impairment loss recognized in prior accounting periods is reversed if there has been change in the estimate of the recoverable amount.

o) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for events such as bonus shares, other than the conversion of potential equity shares, that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding without a corresponding change in resources

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

p) Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, demand deposits with banks, other short- term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

q) Operating Cycle

Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalent, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle to be less than 12 months.

r) Research and Development Expenditure :

Expenditure on Research and Development of revenue nature incurred by the Company are charged to Profit and Loss Account, while those of capital nature are treated as Fixed Assets.


Mar 31, 2010

I) Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

The financial statements of the Company are prepared under the historical cost convention on accrual basis of accounting in all material respects in accordance with the notified Accounting Standards by Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules 2006 ( as amended) and the relevant Provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company during the year.

ii) Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized prospectively in current and future periods.

FIXED ASSETS: i) Tangible:

Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition / construction (less Accumulated Depreciations). Cost comprises the purchase price and other attributable costs.

ii) Intangible:

Intangible Assets are recorded at the consideration paid for acquisition of such assets and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

DEPRECIATION/ AMORTIZATION i) Tangible:

Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on straight-line method on pro rata basis at rates and in manner specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956

ii) Intangible:

Intangible Assets are amortised over their estimated useful life on a straight-line basis.

INVESTMENTS:

Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investment. Long term investments are stated at cost of acquisition. Provision for diminution in the value of long term investments is made, only if such decline is other than temporary.

INVENTORIES:

Finished goods (including for trade), work-in-process, semi-finished goods for trade, Raw materials and Stores are valued at cost or net realizable value whichever is lower. Cost comprises all cost of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Due allowance is estimated and made for defective and obsolete items, wherever necessary, based on the past experience of the Company. The cost formulae used for determination of cost is First in First Out.

FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS:

(i) All Transactions in foreign currency, are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing as at the date of the transaction. ,

(ii) Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency, outstanding at the close of the year, are converted in Indian currency at the appropriate rates of exchange prevailing at the close of the year. The resultant gain or loss is accounted for during the year.

PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND CONTINGENT ASSETS

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the notes. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.

REVENUE RECOGNITION:

i) Sales The Company recognizes sale of goods when the significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer, which is usually when the goods are dispatched to customers.

ii) Other Income Other Income are accounted on accrual basis.

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS:

1. Short Term Employees Benefit:

Short Term Benefits are recognized as expenditure at the undiscounted value in the Profit and Loss Account of the year in which the related services are rendered.

2. Post Employment Benefit:

a. Defined Contribution Plans: Monthly contributions to the Provident Fund and E.S.I, which are defined contribution schemes are charged to Profit and Loss Account and deposited with the Provident Fund and E.S.I. Authorities on monthly basis.

b. Defined Benefit Plans: Gratuity to Employees are covered under the Employees Group Gratuity Policy of Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and the premium is paid on the basis of their actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method. Actuarial gain and losses arising on such valuation are recognized immediately in the Profit and Loss Account. Any shortfall in case of premature termination / resignation to the extent not reimbursed by LIC is being absorbed in the year of payment. The amount funded by the trust administrated by the Company under the aforesaid policy is reduced from the gross obligation under the defined benefit plan, to recognize the obligation on net basis.

3. Termination Benefit:

Termination Benefits are charged to Profit & Loss Account in the year of accrual.

TAXES ON INCOME:

Tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred taxes. Provision for current income taxes is made on the taxable income at the tax rate applicable to the relevant assessment year. Deferred income taxes are recognised for the future tax consequences attributable to timing differences between the financial statement determinations of income and their recognition for tax purposes. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognised in income using the tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that there is a reasonable certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) credit is recognized as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay income tax higher than that computed under MAT, during the period that MAT is permitted to be set off under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (specified period). In the year, in which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in the guidance note issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), the said asset is created by way of a credit to the profit and loss account and shown as MAT credit entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT credit entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the Company will pay income tax higher than MAT during the specified period.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE:

Expenditure on Research and Development of revenue nature incurred by the Company are charged to Profit and Loss Account, while those of capital nature are treated as Fixed Assets.

IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS:

The Company assesses, at each Balance Sheet date, whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. If such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is less then its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognised in the Profit and Loss account. If at the Balance Sheet date there is an indication that if previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount.

BORROWING COSTS:

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

MISCELLANEOUS EXPENDITURE:

Deferred Revenue Expenditures are written off over a period of 5 years. Deferred Development Expenditure is expenditure incurred for the development of new products, and is written off over a period of 5 years from the year in which it is commercially developed.

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