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Accounting Policies of Pidilite Industries Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2023

nl Corporate information

Pidilite Industries Limited (CIN L24100MH1969PLC014336), together with its subsidiaries are pioneers in consumer and industrial speciality chemicals in India. The equity shares of the Company are listed on BSE Ltd (BSE) and National Stock Exchange of India Ltd (NSE).

The address of its registered office is Regent Chambers, 7th Floor, Jamnalal Bajaj Marg, 208, Nariman Point, Mumbai 400 021. The address of principal place of business is Ramkrishna Mandir Road, Off Mathuradas Vasanji Road, Andheri (E),

Mumbai 400 059.

El Significant Accounting Policies2.1 Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards ("Ind AS") prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (''Act'') read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention except for the following items -

a. Certain Financial Assets / Liabilities (including derivative instruments) - at Fair value

b. Employee Stock Options - at Fair value

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees ( ) and all values are rounded to the nearest crores, except otherwise indicated.

2.2 Business Combination

Acquisitions of businesses are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred in a business combination is measured at fair value, which is calculated as the sum of the acquisition-date fair values of the assets transferred by the Company, liabilities incurred by the Company to the former owners of the acquiree and the equity interest issued by the Company in exchange of control of acquiree. Acquisition-related costs are recognised in statement of profit or loss as incurred.

When the consideration transferred by the Company in a business combination includes assets or liabilities resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement, the contingent consideration is measured at its acquisition-date fair value and included as a part of the consideration transferred in a business combination. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that qualify as measurement period adjustments are adjusted retrospectively, with corresponding changes against goodwill or capital reserve, as the case maybe. Measurement period adjustments are adjustments that arise from additional information obtained during the ''measurement period'' (which cannot exceed one year from the acquisition date) about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date. Contingent consideration that is classified as an asset or a liability is subsequently (after the measurement period) remeasured at subsequent reporting dates with the corresponding gain or loss being recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

In case of business combinations involving entities under common control, the above policy does not apply. Business combinations involving entities under common control are accounted for using the pooling of interests method. The net assets of the transferor entity or business are accounted at their carrying amounts on the date of the acquisition subject to necessary adjustments required to harmonise accounting policies. Retained earnings appearing in the financial statements of the transferor is aggregated with the corresponding balance appearing in the financial statements of the transferee. Identity of the reserves appearing in the financial statements of the transferor is preserved and appears in the financial statements of the transferee in the same form. Any excess or shortfall of consideration paid over share capital and reserves of transferor entity is recognised as capital reserve under equity.

2.3 Goodwill

Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred over the net of acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. Goodwill arising on an acquisition of a business is carried at cost as established at the date of acquisition of the business less accumulated impairment losses, if any.

For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to each of the Company''s cash-generating units (or groups of cash-generating units) that is expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. A cashgenerating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro-rata based on the carrying amount of each assets in the unit. Any impairment loss for goodwill is recognised directly in Statement of Profit and Loss. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in subsequent periods.

2.4 Revenue Recognition

The Company recognises revenue from sale of goods, based on the terms of contract and as per the business practice; the Company determines transaction price considering the amount it expects to be entitled in exchange of transferring promised goods to the customer. Revenue is recognised when it is realized or is realizable and has been earned after the deduction of variable components such as discounts, rebates, incentives, promotional couponing and schemes. The company estimates the amount of variable components based on historical, current and forecast information available and either expected value method or most likely method, as appropriate and records a corresponding liability in other payables; the actual amounts may be different from such estimates. These differences, which have historically not been significant, are recognized as a change in management estimate in a subsequent period.

2.4.1. a Sale of Goods

Revenue is recognised when control of the products being sold has been transferred to a customer and when there are no longer any unfulfilled obligations to the customer. This is generally on delivery to the customer but depending on individual customer terms, this can be at the time of dispatch, delivery or upon formal customer acceptance. This is considered the appropriate point where the performance obligations in our contracts are satisfied and the Company no longer has control over the inventory.

Advance received from customer before transfer of control of goods to the customer is recognised as contract liability.

2.4.1. b Sale of Services

Revenue from sale of services includes fixed price contracts and time and material contracts and is recognized as sale, as and when the related services are performed and certified by the client. Incomplete services are recorded at cost as work-in-progress.

The Company accounts for provision of warranty in accordance with Ind AS 37 "Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets".

2.4.2 Dividend, Interest income and Royalty

Dividend income from investments is recognised when the Company''s right to receive dividend is established. Interest income from a financial asset is recognised on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding using the effective interest method provided it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the interest will flow to the Company and the amount of interest can be measured reliably. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the gross carrying amount of that financial asset.

Royalty income is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreement or underlying arrangement in case of sales provided that it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the royalty shall flow to the Company and the amount of royalty can be measured reliably.

Claims / Insurance Claim etc. are accounted for when no significant uncertainties are attached to their eventual receipt.

The Company''s policy for recognition of revenue (rental income) from leases is described in note 2.5.2.

2.5 Leasing

The company at the inception of a contract, assesses whether the contract is a lease or not lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a time in exchange for a consideration.

2.5.1 Company as Lessee

The Company''s lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for land and buildings. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether: (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset, (ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short - term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Certain lease arrangements includes the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.

The right-of-use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right-of-use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cashflows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates in the country of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related Right-of-use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option.

Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing activity under cash flows.

2.5.2 Company as Lessor

Rental income from leases is recognised on a straight- line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Where the rentals are structured solely to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the Company''s expected inflationary cost increase, such increases are recognised in the year in which such benefits accrue.

Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recognised as receivables at the amount of the Company''s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect constant periodic rate of return of the Company''s net investment outstanding in respect of the leases.

2.6 Foreign Currencies

The functional currency of the Company is the Indian Rupee.

At the end of each reporting period, monetary items (including financial assets and liabilities) denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated. Gains or losses arising from these translations are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

In respect of the foreign offices / branches, which are integral foreign operations, all revenues and expenses during the month are reported at monthly average rates. Outstanding balances in respect of monetary assets and liabilities are restated at the year end exchange rates. Outstanding balances in respect of non-monetary assets and liabilities are stated at the rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Net gain / loss on foreign currency translation are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.7 Share-based payment transactions of the Company

Equity-settled share-based payments to employees providing similar services are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments at the grant date.

The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Company''s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity.

2.8 Taxation

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

2.8.1 Current Tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from ''profit before tax'' as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company''s current tax is calculated using applicable tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period and the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and other tax laws, as applicable.

2.8.2 Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

2.8.3 Current and Deferred Tax for the year

Current and deferred tax are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity respectively.

2.9 Property, Plant and Equipment2.9.1 Property, Plant and Equipment acquired separately

Freehold land is stated at cost and not depreciated. Buildings, plant and machinery, vehicles, furniture and office equipments are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.

An item of Property, Plant and Equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.9.2 Capital Work-in-Progress

Properties in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes are carried at cost, less any recognised impairment loss. Cost includes professional fees and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalised in accordance with the Company''s accounting policy. Such properties are classified and capitalised to the appropriate categories of Property, Plant and Equipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.

2.9.3 Depreciation

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost of assets (other than Freehold Land and Capital Work-inProgress) less their residual values over their useful lives, using the straight-line method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

For certain items of Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company depreciates over estimated useful life which are different from the useful lives prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 which is based upon technical assessment made by technical expert and management estimate. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used. The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

The estimated useful lives are as mentioned below:

Type of Asset

Useful Life

Buildings

30 - 60 years

Plant and Machinery

6 - 25 years

Vehicles

8 - 10 years

Furniture and Fixtures

10 years

Office Equipment

3 - 6 years

2.10 Intangible Assets2.10.1 Intangible assets acquired separately

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation is recognised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

2.10.2 Intangible assets acquired in a business combination

Intangible assets acquired in a business combination and recognised separately from goodwill are initially recognised at their fair value at the acquisition date (which is regarded as their cost).

Subsequent to initial recognition, intangible assets acquired in a business combination are reported at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets that are acquired separately.

2.10.3 Internally generated Intangible Assets - Research and Development Expenditure

Expenditure on research activities is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which it is incurred.

An internally generated intangible asset arising from development is recognised if and only if it meets the recognition criteria of intangible assets. The amount initially recognised is the sum total of expenditure incurred from the date when the intangible asset first meets the recognition criteria. Where no intangible asset can be recognised, development expenditure is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which it is incurred.

Subsequent to initial recognition, internally generated intangible assets are reported at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets acquired separately.

2.10.4 Useful lives of Intangible Assets

Estimated useful lives of the Intangible Assets are as follows:

Type of Asset

Useful Life

Computer Software

6 years

Technical Knowhow

10 years

Non-Compete Fees

7-10 years

Distribution Network

15 years

Copyrights

Indefinite Life

Trademarks

Indefinite Life

2.11 Impairment of Tangible and Intangible Assets other than Goodwill

At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite useful life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. If the recoverable amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.12 Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost of inventories is determined on weighted average. Cost for this purpose includes cost of direct materials, direct labour, excise duty and appropriate share of overheads. Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less all estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

. Obsolete, defective, unserviceable and slow / non-moving stocks are duly provided for and valued at net

realisable value.

2.13 Provisions (other than Employee Benefits)

A provision is recognised when as a result of past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation which can be reliably estimated and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefit will be required to settle the obligation.

Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

2.14 Financial Instruments2.14.1 Initial Recognition and Measurement

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. All financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value, except for trade receivables which are initially measured at transaction price. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss) are added to or deducted from the value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.14.2 Subsequent measurement of Financial Assets

All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortised cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets. Debt instruments that meet conditions based on purpose of holding assets and contractual terms of instrument are subsequently measured at amortised cost using effective interest method.

All other financial assets are measured at fair value.

Income is recognised on an effective interest basis for debt instruments other than those financial assets classified as Fair Value Through Profit or Loss. Interest income is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss and is included in the “Other income” line item.

2.14.3 Impairment of Financial Assets

The Company recognises loss allowance using expected credit loss model for financial assets which are not measured at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss. Expected credit losses are weighted average of credit losses with the respective risks of default occurring as the weights. Credit loss is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at original effective rate of interest.

For Trade receivables, the Company measures loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. The Company computes expected credit loss allowance based on a provision matrix which takes into account historical credit loss experience and adjusted for forward-looking information.

2.14.4 Financial Liabilities and equity instruments2.14.4.1 Classification of debt or equity

Debt or equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of financial liability and equity instrument.

2.14.4.2 Equity Instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

2.14.4.3 Financial Liabilities

All financial liabilities (other than derivative financial instruments) are measured at amortised cost using effective interest method at the end of reporting periods.

2.14.5 Derecognition of Financial Assets and Liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or when the Company transfers the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred, or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset and does not retain control of the financial asset.

The Company derecognises a financial liability (or a part of financial liability) when the contractual obligation is discharged, cancelled or expired.

2.14.6 Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company holds derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward contracts to manage its exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risks. Also, the Company has an option to purchase and the seller has an option to sell balance stake in equity share capital of certain partly owned subsidiary(ies).

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value at the date the contracts are entered into. Subsequent to initial recognition, these contracts are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and changes are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.15 Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit / loss before tax for the period is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments. Cash Flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

Cash and Cash Equivalents for the purpose of Cash Flow Statement comprise of cash at bank, cash in hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, as reduced by bank overdrafts.

2.16 Segment Reporting

The Company identifies primary segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organisation and management structure. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit / loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies of the Company. Segment revenue, segment expenses, segment assets and segment liabilities have been identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment. Inter-segment revenue is accounted on the basis of cost plus margins. Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on reasonable basis have been included under “unallocated revenue/expenses/ assets/liabilities" respectively.

2.17 Employee Benefits

Employee benefits include Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund, Employee State Insurance Scheme, Gratuity Fund, Compensated Absences, Anniversary Awards, Premature Death Pension Scheme and Total Disability Pension Scheme.

2.17.1 Defined Contribution Plans

The Company''s contribution to Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund, National Pension Scheme and Employee State Insurance Scheme are considered as defined contribution plans and are charged as an expense based on the amount of contribution required to be made and when services are rendered by the employees.

2.17.2 Defined Benefit Plans

For Defined Benefit Plans in the form of Gratuity Fund, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date. Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest) is reflected immediately in the Balance Sheet with a charge or credit recognised in Other Comprehensive Income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognised in Other Comprehensive Income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and is not reclassified to profit or loss. Past service cost is recognised immediately for both vested and the non-vested portion. The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the Balance Sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation, as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets.

Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited taking into account the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the schemes.

2.17.3 Short-Term and Other Long-Term Employee Benefits

A liability is recognised for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave in the period the related service is rendered at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service. .

Liabilities recognised in respect of short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.

Liabilities recognised in respect of other long-term employee benefits are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date.

2.18 Earnings per share

The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") data for its equity shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares, which includes all stock options granted to employees.

The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for any share splits and bonus shares issues including for changes effected prior to the approval of the financial statements by the Board of Directors.

2.19 Assets held for sale

Sale of business is classified as held for sale, if their carrying amount is intended to be recovered principally through sale rather than through continuing use. The condition for classification as held for sale is met when disposal business is available for immediate sale and the same is highly probable of being completed within one year from the date of classification as held for sale.

2.20 Discontinued operations

A discontinued operation is a component of the Company''s business that represents a separate line of business that has been disposed of or is held for sale, or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale. Classification as a discontinued operation occurs upon the earlier of disposal or when the operation meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale.

2.21 Non-current assets and disposal groups held for sale

Assets of disposal groups that is available for immediate sale and where the sale is highly probable of being completed within one year from the date of classification are considered and classified as assets held for sale. Non-current assets and disposal groups held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

3 j Critical Accounting Judgements and key sources of Estimation Uncertainty

The preparation of the Company''s financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies, reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses, and accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

3.1 Key accounting judgements, assumptions and estimates

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below:

3.1.1 Impairment of investments in subsidiaries

Investment in subsidiaries is measured at cost and tested for impairment annually. For impairment testing, management determines recoverable amount, using cash flow projections which take into account past experience and represent management''s best estimate about future developments. Key assumptions on which management has based its determination of recoverable amount include estimated long term growth rates, weighted average cost of capital and estimated operating margins. Management obtains fair value of investments from independent valuation experts.

3.1.2 Impairment of Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (i.e. trademarks and copyrights) are tested for impairment on an annual basis. Recoverable amount of cash-generating units is determined based on higher of value-in-use and fair value less cost to sell. The impairment test is performed at the level of the cash-generating unit or groups of cashgenerating units which are benefitting from the synergies of the acquisition and which represents the lowest level at which the intangibles are monitored for internal management purposes.

Market related information and estimates are used to determine the recoverable amount. Key assumptions on which management has based its determination of recoverable amount include estimated long term growth rates, weighted average cost of capital and estimated operating margins. Cash flow projections take into account past experience and represent management''s best estimate about future developments.

3.1.3 Employee related provisions

The costs of long term and short term employee benefits are estimated using assumptions by the management. These assumptions include rate of increase in compensation levels, discount rates, expected rate of return on assets and attrition rates (disclosed in Note 45).

3.1.4 Income taxes

Significant judgements are involved in estimating budgeted profits for the calculation of advance tax and deferred tax, and determining provision for income taxes and uncertain tax positions (disclosed in Note 48).

3.1.5 Property, Plant and Equipment and Other Intangible Assets

The useful lives and residual values of Company''s assets are determined by the management at the time the asset is acquired. These estimates are reviewed annually by the management. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their life, such as changes in technical or commercial obsolescence arising from changes or improvements in production or from a change in market demand of the product or service output of the asset.

3.1.6 Leases

The Company evaluates if an arrangement qualifies to be a lease as per the requirements of Ind AS 116. Identification of a lease requires significant judgment. The Company uses significant judgement in assessing the lease term (including anticipated renewals) and the applicable discount rate.

Ind AS 116 requires lessees to determine the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The Company makes an assessment on the expected lease term on a lease-by-lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any options to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the termination of the lease and the importance of the underlying asset to operations taking into account the location of the underlying asset and the availability of suitable alternatives. The lease term in future periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects the current economic circumstances.

The discount rate is generally based on the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease being evaluated or for a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics.

3.1.7 Recent accounting pronouncements

Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. On March 31, 2023, MCA amended the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023, the effective date for adoption of below amendments is for annual periods beginning on or after 1st April 2023.

Ind AS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements - This amendment requires the entities to disclose their material accounting policies rather than their significant accounting policies. The Company is evaluating the amendment and its impact on financial statements.

Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors - This amendment has introduced a definition of ''accounting estimates'' and included amendments to Ind AS 8 to help entities distinguish changes in accounting policies from changes in accounting estimates. The Company is evaluating the amendment and its impact on financial statements.

Ind AS 12 - Income Taxes - This amendment has narrowed the scope of the initial recognition exemption so that it does not apply to transactions that give rise to equal and offsetting temporary differences. The Company is evaluating the amendment and its impact on financial statements.


Mar 31, 2022

H| Corporate information

Pidilite Industries Limited, together with its subsidiaries are pioneers in consumer and industrial speciality chemicals in India. The equity shares of the Company are listed on BSE Ltd (BSE) and National Stock Exchange of India Ltd (NSE).

The address of its registered office is Regent Chambers, 7th Floor, Jamnalal Bajaj Marg, 208, Nariman Point, Mumbai 400 021.

The address of principal place of business is Ramkrishna Mandir Road, Off Mathuradas Vasanji Road, Andheri (E), Mumbai 400 059.

I2I Significant Accounting Policies

2.1 Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards ("Ind AS") prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (‘Act'') read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention except for the following items :

a. Certain Financial Assets / Liabilities (including derivative instruments) - at Fair value

b. Employee Stock Options - at Fair value

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees ( ) and all values are rounded to the nearest crores, except otherwise indicated.

2.2 Business Combination

Acquisitions of businesses are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred in a business combination is measured at fair value, which is calculated as the sum of the acquisition-date fair values of the assets transferred by the Company, liabilities incurred by the Company to the former owners of the acquiree and the equity interest issued by the Company in exchange of control of acquiree. Acquisition-related costs are recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred.

When the consideration transferred by the Company in a business combination includes assets or liabilities resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement, the contingent consideration is measured at its acquisition-date fair value and included as a part of the consideration transferred in a business combination. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that qualify as measurement period adjustments are adjusted retrospectively, with corresponding changes against goodwill or capital reserve, as the case maybe. Measurement period adjustments are adjustments that arise from additional information obtained during the ‘measurement period'' (which cannot exceed one year from the acquisition date) about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date. Contingent consideration that is classified as an asset or a liability is subsequently (after the measurement period) remeasured at subsequent reporting dates with the corresponding gain or loss being recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

In case of business combinations involving entities under common control, the above policy does not apply. Business combinations involving entities under common control are accounted for using the pooling of interests method. The net assets of the transferor entity or business are accounted at their carrying amounts on the date of the acquisition subject to necessary adjustments required to harmonise accounting policies. Retained earnings appearing in the financial statements of the transferor is aggregated with the corresponding balance appearing in the financial statements of the transferee. Identity of the reserves appearing in the financial statements of the transferor is preserved and appears in the financial statements of the transferee in the same form. Any excess or shortfall of consideration paid over share capital and reserves of transferor entity is recognised as capital reserve under equity.

2.3 Goodwill

Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred over the net of acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. Goodwill arising on an acquisition of a business is carried at cost as established at the date of acquisition of the business less accumulated impairment losses, if any.

For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to each of the Company’s cash-generating units (or groups of cash-generating units) that is expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. A cash-generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro-rata based on the carrying amount of each assets in the unit. Any impairment loss for goodwill is recognised directly in Statement of Profit and Loss. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in subsequent periods.

2.4 Revenue Recognition

The Company recognises revenue from sale of goods, based on the terms of contract and as per the business practise; the Company determines transaction price considering the amount it expects to be entitled in exchange of transferring promised goods to the customer. Revenue is recognised when it is realized or is realizable and has been earned after the deduction of variable components such as discounts, rebates, incentives, promotional couponing and schemes.

The company estimates the amount of variable components based on historical, current and forecast information available and either expected value method or most likely method, as appropriate and records a corresponding liability in other payables; the actual amounts may be different from such estimates. These differences, which have historically not been significant, are recognized as a change in management estimate in a subsequent period.

2.4.1 Sale of Goods

Revenue is recognised when control of the products being sold has been transferred to a customer and when there are no longer any unfulfilled obligations to the customer. This is generally on delivery to the customer but depending on individual customer terms, this can be at the time of dispatch, delivery or upon formal customer acceptance. This is considered the appropriate point where the performance obligations in our contracts are satisfied and the Company no longer has control over the inventory.

Advance received from customer before transfer of control of goods to the customer is recognised as contract liability.

2.4.2 Dividend, Interest income and Royalty

Dividend income from investments is recognised when the Company’s right to receive dividend is established.

Interest income from a financial asset is recognised on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding using the effective interest method provided it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the interest will flow to the Company and the amount of interest can be measured reliably. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the gross carrying amount of that financial asset.

Royalty income is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreement or underlying arrangement in case of sales provided that it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the royalty shall flow to the Company and the amount of royalty can be measured reliably.

Claims / Insurance Claim etc. are accounted for when no significant uncertainties are attached to their eventual receipt.

The Company’s policy for recognition of revenue (rental income) from leases is described in note 2.5.2.

2.5 Leasing

The company at the inception of a contract, assesses whether the contract is a lease or not lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a time in exchange for a consideration.

2.5.1 Company as Lessee

The Company’s lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for land and buildings. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether: (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset, (ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Certain lease arrangements includes the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.

The right-of-use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or useful life of the underlying asset. Right-of-use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cashflows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates in the country of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related Right-of-use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option.

Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing activity under statement of cash flows.

2.5.2 Company as Lessor

Rental income from leases is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Where the rentals are structured solely to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the Company’s expected inflationary cost increase, such increases are recognised in the year in which such benefits accrue.

Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recognised as receivables at the amount of the Company’s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect constant periodic rate of return of the Company’s net investment outstanding in respect of the leases.

2.6 Foreign Currencies

The functional currency of the Company is the Indian Rupee.

At the end of each reporting period, monetary items (including financial assets and liabilities) denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated. Gains or losses arising from these translations are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

In respect of the foreign offices / branches, which are integral foreign operations, all revenues and expenses during the month are reported at monthly average rates. Outstanding balances in respect of monetary assets and liabilities are restated at the year end exchange rates. Outstanding balances in respect of non-monetary assets and liabilities are stated at the rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Net gain or loss on foreign currency translation are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.7 Share-based payment transactions of the Company

Equity-settled share-based payments to employees providing similar services are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments at the grant date.

The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Company’s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity.

2.8 Taxation

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

2.8.1 Current Tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from ‘profit before tax’ as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company’s current tax is calculated using applicable tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period and the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and other tax laws, as applicable.

2.8.2 Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

2.8.3 Current and Deferred Tax for the year

Current and deferred tax are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity respectively.

2.9 Property, Plant and Equipment2.9.1 Property, Plant and Equipment acquired separately

Freehold land is stated at cost and not depreciated. Buildings, plant and machinery, vehicles, furniture & fixtures and office equipments are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.

An item of Property, Plant and Equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.9.2 Capital Work-in-Progress

Properties in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes are carried at cost, less any recognised impairment loss. Cost includes professional fees and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalised in accordance with the Company’s accounting policy. Such properties are classified and capitalised to the appropriate categories of Property, Plant and Equipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.

2.9.3 Depreciation

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost of assets (other than Freehold Land and Capital Work-in-Progress) less their residual values over their useful lives, using the straight-line method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

For certain items of Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company depreciates over estimated useful life which are different from the useful lives prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 which is based upon technical assessment made by technical expert and management estimate. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used. The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

The estimated useful lives are as mentioned below:

Type of Asset

Useful Life

Buildings

30 - 60 years

Plant and Machinery

1^6 - 25 years

Vehicles

8 - 10 years

Furniture and Fixtures

1^10 years

Office Equipment

3 - 6 years

2.10 Intangible Assets2.10.1 Intangible assets acquired separately

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation is recognised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

2.10.2 Intangible assets acquired in a business combination

Intangible assets acquired in a business combination and recognised separately from goodwill are initially recognised at their fair value at the acquisition date (which is regarded as their cost).

Subsequent to initial recognition, intangible assets acquired in a business combination are reported at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets that are acquired separately.

2.10.3 Internally generated Intangible Assets - Research and Development Expenditure

Expenditure on research activities is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which it is incurred.

An internally generated intangible asset arising from development is recognised if and only if it meets the recognition criteria of intangible assets. The amount initially recognised is the sum total of expenditure incurred from the date when the intangible asset first meets the recognition criteria. Where no intangible asset can be recognised, development expenditure is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which it is incurred.

Subsequent to initial recognition, internally generated intangible assets are reported at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets acquired separately.

2.10.4 Useful lives of Intangible Assets

Estimated useful lives of the Intangible Assets are as follows:

Type of Asset

Useful Life

Computer Software

6 years

Technical Knowhow

10 years

Non-Compete Fees

7 - 10 years

Copyrights

Indefinite Life

Trademark

Indefinite Life

2.11 Impairment of Tangible and Intangible Assets other than Goodwill

At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite useful life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. If the recoverable amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cashgenerating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.12 Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost of inventories is determined on weighted average. Cost for this purpose includes cost of direct materials, direct labour, excise duty and appropriate share of overheads.

Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less all estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Obsolete, defective, unserviceable and slow / non-moving stocks are duly provided for and valued at net realisable value.

2.13 Provisions (other than Employee Benefits)

A provision is recognised when as a result of past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation which can be reliably estimated and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefit will be required to settle the obligation.

Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

2.14 Financial Instruments2.14.1 Initial Recognition and Measurement

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. At initial recognition, financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value.

Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.14.2 Subsequent measurement of Financial Assets

All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortised cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets. Debt instruments that meet conditions based on purpose of holding assets and contractual terms of instrument are subsequently measured at amortised cost using effective interest method.

All other financial assets are measured at fair value.

Income is recognised on an effective interest basis for debt instruments other than those financial assets classified as Fair Value Through Profit or Loss. Interest income is recognised in profit or loss and is included in the “Other income” line item.

2.14.3 Impairment of Financial Assets

The Company recognises loss allowance using expected credit loss model for financial assets which are not measured at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss. Expected credit losses are weighted average of credit losses with the respective risks of default occurring as the weights. Credit loss is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at original effective rate of interest.

For Trade receivables, the Company measures loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. The Company computes expected credit loss allowance based on a provision matrix which takes into account historical credit loss experience and adjusted for forward-looking information.

2.14.4 Financial Liabilities and equity instruments2.14.4.1 Classification of debt or equity

Debt or equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of financial liability and equity instrument.

2.14.4.2 Equity Instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

2.14.4.3 Financial Liabilities

All financial liabilities (other than derivative financial instruments) are measured at amortised cost using effective interest method at the end of reporting periods.

2.14.5 Derecognition of Financial Assets and Liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or when the Company transfers the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred, or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset and does not retain control of the financial asset.

The Company derecognises a financial liability (or a part of financial liability) when the contractual obligation is discharged, cancelled or expired.

2.14.6 Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company holds derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward contracts to manage its exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risks. Also, the Company has an option to purchase and the seller has an option to sell balance stake in equity share capital of certain partly owned subsidiary(ies).

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value at the date the contracts are entered into. Subsequent to initial recognition, these contracts are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and changes are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.15 Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit / loss before tax for the period is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments. Cash Flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

Cash and Cash Equivalents for the purpose of Cash Flow Statement comprise of cash at bank, cash in hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, as reduced by bank overdrafts.

2.16 Segment Reporting

The Company identifies primary segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organisation and management structure. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit / loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies of the Company.

Segment revenue, segment expenses, segment assets and segment liabilities have been identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment. Inter-segment revenue is accounted on the basis of cost plus margins. Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on reasonable basis have been included under “unallocated revenue/expenses/assets/liabilities" respectively.

2.17 Employee Benefits

Employee benefits include Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund, Employee State Insurance Scheme, Gratuity Fund, Compensated Absences, Anniversary Awards, Premature Death Pension Scheme and Total Disability Pension Scheme.

2.17.1 Defined Contribution Plans

The Company’s contribution to Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund, National Pension Scheme and Employee State Insurance Scheme are considered as defined contribution plans and are charged as an expense based on the amount of contribution required to be made and when services are rendered by the employees.

2.17.2 Defined Benefit Plans

For Defined Benefit Plans in the form of Gratuity Fund, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date. Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest) is reflected immediately in the Balance Sheet with a charge or credit recognised in Other Comprehensive Income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognised in Other Comprehensive Income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and is not reclassified to profit or loss. Past service cost is recognised immediately for both vested and the non-vested portion. The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the Balance Sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation, as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited taking into account the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the schemes.

2.17.3 Short-Term and Other Long-Term Employee Benefits

A liability is recognised for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave in the period the related service is rendered at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service.

Liabilities recognised in respect of short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.

Liabilities recognised in respect of other long-term employee benefits are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date.

2.18 Earnings per share

The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") data for its equity shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares, which includes all stock options granted to employees.

The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for any share splits and bonus shares issues including for changes effected prior to the approval of the financial statements by the Board of Directors. .

2.19 Assets held for sale

Sale of business is classified as held for sale, if their carrying amount is intended to be recovered principally through sale rather than through continuing use. The condition for classification as held for sale is met when disposal business is available for immediate sale and the same is highly probable of being completed within one year from the date of classification as held for sale.

2.20 Discontinued operations

A discontinued operation is a component of the Company’s business that represents a separate line of business that has been disposed of or is held for sale, or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale. Classification as a discontinued operation occurs upon the earlier of disposal or when the operation meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale.

2.21 Non-current assets and disposal groups held for sale

Assets of disposal groups that is available for immediate sale and where the sale is highly probable of being completed within one year from the date of classification are considered and classified as assets held for sale. Non-current assets and disposal groups held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

3 | Critical Accounting Judgements and key sources of Estimation Uncertainty

The preparation of the Company’s financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies, reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses, and accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

3.1 Key accounting judgements, assumptions and estimates

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below:

3.1.1 Impairment of investments in subsidiaries

Investment in subsidiaries is measured at cost and tested for impairment annually. For impairment testing, management determines recoverable amount, using cash flow projections which take into account past experience and represent management’s best estimate about future developments. Key assumptions on which management has based its determination of recoverable amount include estimated long term growth rates, weighted average cost of capital and estimated operating margins. Management obtains fair value of investments from independent valuation experts.

3.1.2 Impairment of Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (i.e. trademarks and copyrights) are tested for impairment on an annual basis. Recoverable amount of cash-generating units is determined based on higher of value-in-use and fair value less cost to sell. The impairment test is performed at the level of the cash-generating unit or groups of cash-generating units which are benefitting from the synergies of the acquisition and which represents the lowest level at which the intangibles are monitored for internal management purposes.

Market related information and estimates are used to determine the recoverable amount. Key assumptions on which management has based its determination of recoverable amount include estimated long term growth rates, weighted average cost of capital and estimated operating margins. Cash flow projections take into account past experience and represent management’s best estimate about future developments.

3.1.3 Employee related provisions

The costs of long term and short term employee benefits are estimated using assumptions by the management. These assumptions include rate of increase in compensation levels, discount rates, expected rate of return on assets and attrition rates (disclosed in Note 45).

3.1.4 Income taxes

Significant judgements are involved in estimating budgeted profits for the calculation of advance tax and deferred tax, and determining provision for income taxes and uncertain tax positions (disclosed in Note 48).

3.1.5 Property, Plant and Equipment and Other Intangible Assets

The useful lives and residual values of Company’s assets are determined by the management at the time the asset is acquired. These estimates are reviewed annually by the management. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their life, such as changes in technical or commercial obsolescence arising from changes or improvements in production or from a change in market demand of the product or service output of the asset.

3.1.6 Leases

The Company evaluates if an arrangement qualifies to be a lease as per the requirements of Ind AS 116. Identification of a lease requires significant judgment. The Company uses significant judgement in assessing the lease term (including anticipated renewals) and the applicable discount rate.

Ind AS 116 requires lessees to determine the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The Company makes an assessment on the expected lease term on a lease-by-lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any options to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the termination of the lease and the importance of the underlying asset to operations taking into account the location of the underlying asset and the availability of suitable alternatives. The lease term in future periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects the current economic circumstances.

The discount rate is generally based on the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease being evaluated or for a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics.

3.1.7 Recent accounting pronouncements

Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. On 23rd March 2022, MCA amended the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2022, as below:

Ind AS 16 - Property Plant and Equipment - The amendment clarifies that excess of net sale proceeds of items produced over the cost of testing, if any, shall not be recognized in the statement of profit and loss but deducted from the directly attributable costs considered as part of cost of an item of property, plant, and equipment. The effective date for adoption of this amendment is annual periods beginning on or after 1st April 2022. The Company is evaluating the amendment and its impact on financial statements.

Ind AS 37 - Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets - The amendment specifies that the ‘cost of fulfilling’ a contract comprises the ‘costs that relate directly to the contract’. Costs that relate directly to a contract can either be incremental costs of fulfilling that contract (examples would be direct labor, materials) or an allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling contracts (an example would be the allocation of the depreciation charge for an item of property, plant and equipment used in fulfilling the contract). The effective date for adoption of this amendment is annual periods beginning on or after 1st April 2022, although early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the amendment and its impact on financial statements.


Mar 31, 2021

1 | Corporate information

Pidilite Industries Limited, together with its subsidiaries are pioneers in consumer and industrial speciality chemicals in India. The equity shares of the Company are listed on BSE Ltd (BSE) and National Stock Exchange of India Ltd (NSE).

The address of its registered office is Regent Chambers, 7th Floor, Jamnalal Bajaj Marg, 208, Nariman Point,

Mumbai 400 021. The address of principal place of business is Ramkrishna Mandir Road, Off Mathuradas Vasanji Road, Andheri (E), Mumbai 400 059.

2 j Significant Accounting Policies

2.1 Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (“Ind AS”) prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (Act'') read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention except for the following items -

a. Certain Financial Assets/ Liabilities (including derivative instruments) - at Fair value

b. Employee Stock Options - at Fair value

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees ( ) and all values are rounded to the nearest crores, except otherwise indicated.

2.2 Business Combination

Acquisitions of businesses are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred in a business combination is measured at fair value, which is calculated as the sum of the acquisition-date fair values of the assets transferred by the Company, liabilities incurred by the Company to the former owners of the acquiree and the equity interest issued by the Company in exchange of control of acquiree. Acquisition-related costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred.

When the consideration transferred by the Company in a business combination includes assets or liabilities resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement, the contingent consideration is measured at its acquisition-date fair value and included as a part of the consideration transferred in a business combination. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that qualify as measurement period adjustments are adjusted retrospectively, with corresponding changes against goodwill or capital reserve, as the case maybe. Measurement period adjustments are adjustments that arise from additional information obtained during the ''measurement period'' (which cannot exceed one year from the acquisition date) about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date. Contingent consideration that is classified as an asset or a liability is subsequently (after the measurement period) remeasured at subsequent reporting dates with the corresponding gain or loss being recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

In case of business combinations involving entities under common control, the above policy does not apply.

Business combinations involving entities under common control are accounted for using the pooling of interests method. The net assets of the transferor entity or business are accounted at their carrying amounts on the date of the acquisition subject to necessary adjustments required to harmonise accounting policies. Retained earnings appearing in the financial statements of the transferor is aggregated with the corresponding balance appearing in the financial statements of the transferee. Identity of the reserves appearing in the financial statements of the transferor is preserved and appears in the financial statements of the transferee in the same form. Any excess or shortfall of consideration paid over share capital and reserves of transferor entity is recognised as capital reserve under equity.

2.3 Goodwill

Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred over the net of acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. Goodwill arising on an acquisition of a business is carried at cost as established at the date of acquisition of the business less accumulated impairment losses, if any.

For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to each of the Company''s cash-generating units (or groups of cash-generating units) that is expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. A cashgenerating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro-rata based on the carrying amount of each assets in the unit. Any impairment loss for goodwill is recognised directly in Statement of Profit and Loss. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in subsequent periods.

2.4 Revenue Recognition

The Company recognises revenue from sale of goods, based on the terms of contract and as per the business practise; the Company determines transaction price considering the amount it expects to be entitled in exchange of transferring promised goods to the customer. Revenue is recognised when it is realized or is realizable and has been earned after the deduction of variable components such as discounts, rebates, incentives, promotional couponing and schemes. The company estimates the amount of variable components based on historical, current and forecast information available and either expected value method or most likely method, as appropriate and records a corresponding liability in other payables; the actual amounts may be different from such estimates. These differences, which have historically not been significant, are recognised as a change in management estimate in a subsequent period.

2.4.1 Sale of Goods

Revenue is recognised when control of the products being sold has been transferred to a customer and when there are no longer any unfulfilled obligations to the customer. This is generally on delivery to the customer but depending on individual customer terms, this can be at the time of dispatch, delivery or upon formal customer acceptance.

This is considered the appropriate point where the performance obligations in our contracts are satisfied and the Company no longer has control over the inventory.

Advance received from customer before transfer of control of goods to the customer is recognised as contract liability.

2.4.2 Dividend, Interest income and Royalty

Dividend income from investments is recognised when the Company''s right to receive dividend is established. Interest income from a financial asset is recognised on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding using the effective interest method provided it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the interest will flow to the Company and the amount of interest can be measured reliably. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the gross carrying amount of that financial asset.

Royalty revenue is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreement or underlying arrangement in case of sales provided that it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the royalty shall flow to the Company and the amount of royalty can be measured reliably.

Claims/ Insurance Claim etc. are accounted for when no significant uncertainties are attached to their eventual receipt.

The Company''s policy for recognition of revenue (rental income) from operating leases is described in note 2.5.2.

2.5 Leasing

The company at the inception of a contract, assesses whether the contract is a lease or not lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a time in exchange for a consideration.

2.5.1 Company as Lessee

The Company''s lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for land and buildings. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether: (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset (ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognises a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Certain lease arrangements includes the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.

The right-of-use assets are initially recognised at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right of use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cashflows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

The lease liability is initially measured at amortised cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discount educing the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates in the country of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right of use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option.

Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.

2.5.2 Company as Lessor

Rental income from leases is recognised on a straight- line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Where the rentals are structured solely to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the Company''s expected inflationary cost increase, such increases are recognised in the year in which such benefits accrue.

Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recognised as receivables at the amount of the Company''s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect constant periodic rate of return of the Company''s net investment outstanding in respect of the leases.

2.6 Foreign Currencies

The functional currency of the Company is the Indian Rupee.

At the end of each reporting period, monetary items (including financial assets and liabilities) denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated. Gains or losses arising from these translations are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

In respect of the foreign offices/ branches, which are integral foreign operations, all revenues and expenses during the month are reported at monthly average rates. Outstanding balances in respect of monetary assets and liabilities are restated at the year end exchange rates. Outstanding balances in respect of non-monetary assets and liabilities are stated at the rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Net gain/ loss on foreign currency translation are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.7 Share-based payment transactions of the Company

Equity-settled share-based payments to employees providing similar services are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments at the grant date.

The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straightline basis over the vesting period, based on the Company''s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity.

2.8 Taxation

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

2.8.1 Current Tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from ''profit before tax'' as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company''s current tax is calculated using applicable tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period and the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and other tax laws, as applicable.

2.8.2 Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

2.8.3 Current and Deferred Tax for the year

Current and deferred tax are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity respectively.

2.9 Property, Plant and Equipment

2.9.1 Property, Plant and Equipment acquired separately

Freehold land is stated at cost and not depreciated. Buildings, plant and machinery, vehicles, furniture and office equipments are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.

An item of Property, Plant and Equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.9.2 Capital Work-in-Progress

Properties in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes are carried at cost, less any recognised impairment loss. Cost includes professional fees and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalised in accordance with the Company''s accounting policy. Such properties are classified and capitalised to the appropriate categories of Property, Plant and Equipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.

2.9.3 Depreciation

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost of assets (other than Freehold Land and Capital Work-inProgress) less their residual values over their useful lives, using the straight-line method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

For certain items of Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company depreciates over estimated useful life which are different from the useful lives prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 which is based upon technical assessment made by technical expert and management estimate. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used. The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

The estimated useful lives are as mentioned below:

Type of Asset

Useful Life

Buildings

30 - 60 years

Plant and Machinery

| ^6 - 25 years

Vehicles

8 - 10 years

Furniture and Fixtures

11 years

Office Equipment

3 - 6 years

2.10 Intangible Assets

2.10.1 Intangible assets acquired separately

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated

amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation is recognised on a straight-line basis

over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the

end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

2.10.2 Intangible assets acquired in a business combination

Intangible assets acquired in a business combination and recognised separately from goodwill are initially recognised at their fair value at the acquisition date (which is regarded as their cost).

Subsequent to initial recognition, intangible assets acquired in a business combination are reported at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets that are acquired separately.

2.10.3 Internally generated Intangible Assets - Research and Development Expenditure

Expenditure on research activities is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which it is incurred.

An internally generated intangible asset arising from development is recognised if and only if it meets the recognition criteria of intangible assets. The amount initially recognised is the sum total of expenditure incurred from the date when the intangible asset first meets the recognition criteria. Where no intangible asset can be recognised, development expenditure is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which it is incurred.

Subsequent to initial recognition, internally generated intangible assets are reported at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets acquired separately.

2.10.4 Useful lives of Intangible Assets

Estimated useful lives of the Intangible Assets are as follows:

Computer Software 6 years

Technical Knowhow 10 years

Non-Compete Fees 7 - 10 years

Copyrights Indefinite Life

Trademark Indefinite Life

2.11 Impairment of Tangible and Intangible Assets other than Goodwill

At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite useful life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable.

If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. If the recoverable amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.12 Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost of inventories is determined on weighted average. Cost for this purpose includes cost of direct materials, direct labour, excise duty and appropriate share of overheads. Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less all estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Obsolete, defective, unserviceable and slow/ non-moving stocks are duly provided for and valued at net realisable value.

2.13 Provisions (other than Employee Benefits)

A provision is recognised when as a result of past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation which can be reliably estimated and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefit will be required to settle the obligation.

Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

2.14 Financial Instruments

2.14.1 Initial Recognition and Measurement

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. At initial recognition, financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.14.2 Subsequent measurement of Financial Assets

All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortised cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets. Debt instruments that meet conditions based on purpose of holding assets and contractual terms of instrument are subsequently measured at amortised cost using effective interest method.

All other financial assets are measured at fair value.

Income is recognised on an effective interest basis for debt instruments other than those financial assets classified as Fair Value Through Profit or Loss. Interest income is recognised in profit or loss and is included in the “Other income” line item.

2.14.3 Impairment of Financial Assets

The Company recognises loss allowance using expected credit loss model for financial assets which are not measured at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss. Expected credit losses are weighted average of credit losses with the respective risks of default occurring as the weights. Credit loss is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at original effective rate of interest.

For Trade receivables, the Company measures loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. The Company computes expected credit loss allowance based on a provision matrix which takes into account historical credit loss experience and adjusted for forward-looking information.

2.14.4 Financial Liabilities and equity instruments2.14.4.1 Classification of debt or equity

Debt or equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of financial liability and equity instrument.

2.14.4.2 Equity Instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

2.14.4.3 Financial Liabilities

All financial liabilities (other than derivative financial instruments) are measured at amortised cost using effective interest method at the end of reporting periods.

2.14.5 Derecognition of Financial Assets and Liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or when the Company transfers the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred, or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset and does not retain control of the financial asset.

The Company derecognises a financial liability (or a part of financial liability) when the contractual obligation is discharged, cancelled or expired.

2.14.6 Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company holds derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward contracts to manage its exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risks. Also, the Company has an option to purchase and the seller has an option to sell balance stake in equity share capital of certain partly owned subsidiary(ies).

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value at the date the contracts are entered into. Subsequent to initial recognition, these contracts are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and changes are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.15 Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit/ loss and tax for the period is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments. Cash Flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

Cash and Cash Equivalents for the purpose of Cash Flow Statement comprise of cash at bank, cash in hand and short- term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, as reduced by bank overdrafts.

2.16 Segment Reporting

The Company identifies primary segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organisation and management structure. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit/ loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies of the Company. Segment revenue, segment expenses, segment assets and segment liabilities have been identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment. Inter-segment revenue is accounted on the basis of cost plus margins. Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on reasonable basis have been included under “unallocated revenue/ expenses/ assets/ liabilities” respectively.

2.17 Employee Benefits

Employee benefits include Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund, Employee State Insurance Scheme, Gratuity Fund, Compensated Absences, Anniversary Awards, Premature Death Pension Scheme and Total Disability Pension Scheme.

2.17.1 Defined Contribution Plans

The Company''s contribution to Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund, National Pension Scheme and Employee State Insurance Scheme are considered as defined contribution plans and are charged as an expense based on the amount of contribution required to be made and when services are rendered by the employees.

2.17.2 Defined Benefit Plans

For Defined Benefit Plans in the form of Gratuity Fund, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date. Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest) is reflected immediately in the Balance Sheet with a charge or credit recognised in Other Comprehensive Income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognised in Other Comprehensive Income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and is not reclassified to profit or loss. Past service cost is recognised immediately for both vested and the non-vested portion. The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the Balance Sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation, as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited taking into account the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the schemes.

2.17.3 Short-Term and Other Long-Term Employee Benefits

A liability is recognised for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave in the period the related service is rendered at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service.

Liabilities recognised in respect of short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.

Liabilities recognised in respect of other long-term employee benefits are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees upto the reporting date.

2.18 Earnings per share

The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) data for its equity shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares, which includes all stock options granted to employees.

The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for any share splits and bonus shares issues including for changes effected prior to the approval of the

2.19 Assets held for sale

Sale of business is classified as held for sale, if their carrying amount is intended to be recovered principally through sale rather than through continuing use. The condition for classification as held for sale is met when disposal business is available for immediate sale and the same is highly probable of being completed within one year from the date of classification as held for sale.

2.20 Discontinued operations

A discontinued operation is a component of the Company''s business that represents a separate line of business that has been disposed of or is held for sale, or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale. Classification as a discontinued operation occurs upon the earlier of disposal or when the operation meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale.

2.21 Non-current assets and disposal groups held for sale

Assets of disposal groups that is available for immediate sale and where the sale is highly probable of being completed within one year from the date of classification are considered and classified as assets held for sale. Noncurrent assets and disposal groups held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

3 Critical Accounting Judgements and key sources of Estimation Uncertainty

The preparation of the Company''s financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies, reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses, and accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

3.1 Key accounting judgements, assumptions and estimates

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below:

3.1.1 Impairment of investments in subsidiaries

Investment in subsidiaries is measured at cost and tested for impairment annually. For impairment testing, management determines recoverable amount, using cash flow projections which take into account past experience and represent management''s best estimate about future developments. Key assumptions on which management has based its determination of recoverable amount include estimated long term growth rates, weighted average cost of capital and estimated operating margins. Management obtains fair value of investments from independent valuation experts.

3.1.2 Impairment of Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (i.e. trademarks and copyrights) are tested for impairment on an annual basis. Recoverable amount of cash-generating units is determined based on higher of value-in-use and fair value less cost to sell. The impairment test is performed at the level of the cash-generating unit or groups of cashgenerating units which are benefitting from the synergies of the acquisition and which represents the lowest level at which the intangibles are monitored for internal management purposes.

Market related information and estimates are used to determine the recoverable amount. Key assumptions on which management has based its determination of recoverable amount include estimated long term growth rates, weighted average cost of capital and estimated operating margins. Cash flow projections take into account past experience and represent management''s best estimate about future developments.

3.1.3 Employee related provisions

The costs of long term and short term employee benefits are estimated using assumptions by the management. These assumptions include rate of increase in compensation levels, discount rates, expected rate of return on assets and attrition rates. (disclosed in Note 45)

3.1.4 Income taxes

Significant judgements are involved in estimating budgeted profits for the calculation of advance tax and deferred tax, and determining provision for income taxes and uncertain tax positions (disclosed in Note 48).

3.1.5 Property, Plant and Equipment and Other Intangible Assets

The useful lives and residual values of Company''s assets are determined by the management at the time the asset is acquired. These estimates are reviewed annually by the management. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their life, such as changes in technical or commercial obsolescence arising from changes or improvements in production or from a change in market demand of the product or service output of the asset.

3.1.6 Leases

The Company evaluates if an arrangement qualifies to be a lease as per the requirements of Ind AS 116. Identification of a lease requires significant judgment. The Company uses significant judgement in assessing the lease term (including anticipated renewals) and the applicable discount rate.

Ind AS 116 requires lessees to determine the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The Company makes an assessment on the expected lease term on a lease-by-lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any options to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the termination of the lease and the importance of the underlying asset to operations taking into account the location of the underlying asset and the availability of suitable alternatives. The lease term in future periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects the current economic circumstances.

The discount rate is generally based on the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease being evaluated or for a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics.


Mar 31, 2019

1.1 Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (“Ind AS”) prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (‘Act’) read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention except for the following items -

a. Certain Financial Assets/ Liabilities (including derivative instruments) - at Fair value

b. Employee Stock Options - at Fair value

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR) and all values are rounded to the nearest crores, except otherwise indicated.

1.2 Business Combination

Acquisitions of businesses are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred in a business combination is measured at fair value, which is calculated as the sum of the acquisition-date fair values of the assets transferred by the Company, liabilities incurred by the Company to the former owners of the acquiree and the equity interest issued by the Company in exchange of control of acquiree. Acquisition-related costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred.

When the consideration transferred by the Company in a business combination includes assets or liabilities resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement, the contingent consideration is measured at its acquisition-date fair value and included as a part of the consideration transferred in a business combination. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that qualify as measurement period adjustments are adjusted retrospectively, with corresponding changes against goodwill or capital reserve, as the case maybe. Measurement period adjustments are adjustments that arise from additional information obtained during the ‘measurement period’ (which cannot exceed one year from the acquisition date) about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date. Contingent consideration that is classified as an asset or a liability is subsequently (after the measurement period) remeasured at subsequent reporting dates with the corresponding gain or loss being recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

In case of business combinations involving entities under common control, the above policy does not apply. Business combinations involving entities under common control are accounted for using the pooling of interests method. The net assets of the transferor entity or business are accounted at their carrying amounts on the date of the acquisition subject to necessary adjustments required to harmonise accounting policies. Retained earnings appearing in the financial statements of the transferor. is aggregated with the corresponding balance appearing in the financial statements of the transferee. Identity of the reserves appearing in the financial statement of the transferor is preserved and appears in the financial statements of the transferee in the same form. Any excess or shortfall of the consideration paid over the share capital of transferor entity or business is recognised as capital reserve under equity.

1.3 Goodwill

Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred over the net of acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. Goodwill arising on an acquisition of a business is carried at cost as established at the date of acquisition of the business less accumulated impairment losses, if any.

For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to each of the Company’s cash-generating units (or groups of cash-generating units) that is expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. A cash-generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro-rata based on the carrying amount of each assets in the unit. Any impairment loss for goodwill is recognised directly in Statement of Profit and Loss.

An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in subsequent periods.

1.4 Revenue Recognition

The Company adopted Ind AS 115 Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified retrospective method of adoption with the date of initial application of 1st April 2018.

The Company elected to apply this standard to all the contracts as at 1st April 2018. The effect of adoption of Ind AS 115 on the Balance Sheet and retained earnings is not material.

The Company recognises revenue from sale of goods, based on the terms of contract and as per the business practise; the Company determines transaction price considering the amount it expects to be entitled in exchange of transferring promised goods to the customer. Revenue is recognised when it is realized or is realizable and has been earned after the deduction of variable components such as discounts, rebates, incentives, promotional couponing and schemes. The company estimates the amount of variable components based on historical, current and forecast information available and either expected value method or most likely method, as appropriate and records a corresponding liability in other payables; the actual amounts may be different from such estimates. These differences, which have historically not been significant, are recognised as a change in management estimate in a subsequent period.

1.4.1 Sale of Goods

Revenue is recognised when control of the products being sold has been transferred to a customer and when there are no longer any unfulfilled obligations to the customer. This is generally on delivery to the customer but depending on individual customer terms, this can be at the time of dispatch, delivery or upon formal customer acceptance. This is considered the appropriate point where the performance obligations in our contracts are satisfied and the Company no longer has control over the inventory. Sales include excise duty upto 30th June 2017 but exclude GST.

Advance received from customer before transfer of control of goods to the customer is recognised as contract liability.

1.4.2 Dividend, Interest income and Royalty

Dividend income from investments is recognised when the Company’s right to receive dividend is established. Interest income from a financial asset is recognised on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding using the effective interest method provided it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the interest will flow to the Company and the amount of interest can be measured reliably. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the gross carrying amount of that financial asset.

Royalty revenue is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreement or underlying arrangement in case of sales provided that it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the royalty shall flow to the Company and the amount of royalty can be measured reliably.

Claims/ Insurance Claim etc. are accounted for when no significant uncertainties are attached to their eventual receipt.

The Company’s policy for recognition of revenue (rental income) from operating leases is described in Note 2.5.1.

1.5 Leasing

At the inception of an arrangement, it is determined whether the arrangement is or contains a lease. Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

1.5.1 Company as Lessor

Rental income from operating leases is recognised on a straight- line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Where the rentals are structured solely to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the Company’s expected inflationary cost increase, such increases are recognised in the year in which such benefits accrue.

Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recognised as receivables at the amount of the Company’s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect constant periodic rate of return of the Company’s net investment outstanding in respect of the leases.

1.5.2 Company as Lessee

In case of assets under a finance lease, such assets are initially capitalised at the lower of fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments. Minimum lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Subsequent to initial recognition, the assets are accounted in accordance with the accounting policy applicable to similar owned assets.

Payments made under operating leases are recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Where the rentals are structured solely to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increases, such increases are recognised in the year in which such benefits accrue.

1.6 Foreign Currencies

The functional currency of the Company is the Indian Rupee. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items (including financial assets and liabilities) denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated. Gains or losses arising from these translations are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

In respect of the foreign offices/ branches, which are integral foreign operations, all revenues and expenses during the month are reported at monthly average rates. Outstanding balances in respect of monetary assets and liabilities are restated at the year end exchange rates. Outstanding balances in respect of non-monetary assets and liabilities are stated at the rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Net gain/ loss on foreign currency translation are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.7 Share-based payment transactions of the Company

Equity-settled share-based payments to employees providing similar services are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments at the grant date.

The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Company’s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity.

1.8 Taxation

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

1.8.1 Current Tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from ‘profit before tax’ as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company’s current tax is calculated using applicable tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period and the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and other tax laws, as applicable.

1.8.2 Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

1.8.3 Current and Deferred Tax for the year

Current and deferred tax are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity respectively.

1.9 Property, Plant and Equipment

1.9.1 Property, Plant and Equipment acquired separately

Freehold land is stated at cost and not depreciated. Buildings, plant and machinery, vehicles, furniture and office equipments are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.

An item of Property, Plant and Equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.9.2 Capital Work-in-Progress

Properties in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes are carried at cost, less any recognised impairment loss. Cost includes professional fees and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalised in accordance with the Company’s accounting policy. Such properties are classified and capitalised to the appropriate categories of Property, Plant and Equipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.

1.9.3 Depreciation

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost of assets (other than Freehold Land and Capital Work-in-Progress) less their residual values over their useful lives, using the straight-line method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

For certain items of Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company depreciates over estimated useful life which are different from the useful lives prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 which is based upon technical assessment made by technical expert and management estimate. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used. The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

The estimated useful lives are as mentioned below:

1.10 Intangible Assets

1.10.1 Intangible assets acquired separately

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation is recognised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

1.10.2 Intangible assets acquired in a business combination

Intangible assets acquired in a business combination and recognised separately from goodwill are initially recognised at their fair value at the acquisition date (which is regarded as their cost).

Subsequent to initial recognition, intangible assets acquired in a business combination are reported at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets that are acquired separately.

1.10.3 Internally generated Intangible Assets - Research and Development Expenditure

Expenditure on research activities is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which it is incurred.

An internally generated intangible asset arising from development is recognised if and only if it meets the recognition criteria of intangible assets. The amount initially recognised is the sum total of expenditure incurred from the date when the intangible asset first meets the recognition criteria. Where no intangible asset can be recognised, development expenditure is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which it is incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, internally generated intangible assets are reported at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets acquired separately.

1.10.4 Useful lives of Intangible Assets

Estimated useful lives of the Intangible Assets are as follows:

1.11 Impairment of Tangible and Intangible Assets other than Goodwill

At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite useful life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. If the recoverable amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.12 Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost of inventories is determined on weighted average. Cost for this purpose includes cost of direct materials, direct labour, excise duty and appropriate share of overheads. Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less all estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale. Obsolete, defective, unserviceable and slow/ non-moving stocks are duly provided for and valued at net realisable value.

1.13 Provisions (other than Employee Benefits)

A provision is recognised when as a result of past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation which can be reliably estimated and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefit will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent Liabilities are not recognised but disclosed in the Notes to the financial statements.

1.14 Financial Instruments

1.14.1 Initial Recognition and Measurement

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. At initial recognition, financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.14.2 Subsequent measurement of Financial Assets

All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortised cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets.

Debt instruments that meet conditions based on purpose of holding assets and contractual terms of instrument are subsequently measured at amortised cost using effective interest method. All other financial assets are measured at fair value. Income is recognised on an effective interest basis for debt instruments other than those financial assets classified as Fair Value Through Profit or Loss. Interest income is recognised in profit or loss and is included in the “Other income” line item.

1.14.3 Impairment of Financial Assets

The Company recognises loss allowance using expected credit loss model for financial assets which are not measured at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss. Expected credit losses are weighted average of credit losses with the respective risks of default occurring as the weights. Credit loss is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at original effective rate of interest. For Trade receivables, the Company measures loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. The Company computes expected credit loss allowance based on a provision matrix which takes into account historical credit loss experience and adjusted for forward-looking information.

1.14.4 Financial Liabilities and equity instruments

1.14.4.1 Classification of debt or equity

Debt or equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of financial liability and equity instrument.

1.14.4.2 Equity Instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

1.14.4.3 Financial Liabilities

All financial liabilities (other than derivative financial instruments) are measured at amortised cost using effective interest method at the end of reporting periods.

1.14.5 Derecognition of Financial Assets and Liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or when the Company transfers the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred, or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset and does not retain control of the financial asset. The Company derecognises a financial liability (or a part of financial liability) when the contractual obligation is discharged, cancelled or expires.

1.14.6 Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company holds derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward contracts to manage its exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risks. Also, the Company has an option to purchase and the seller has an option to sell balance stake in equity share capital of certain partly owned subsidiary(ies).

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value at the date the contracts are entered into. Subsequent to initial recognition, these contracts are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and changes are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.15 Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit/ loss before extraordinary items and tax for the period is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments. Cash Flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated. Cash and Cash Equivalents for the purpose of Cash Flow Statement comprise of cash at bank, cash in hand and short- term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, as reduced by bank overdrafts.

1.16 Segment Reporting

The Company identifies primary segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organisation and management structure. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit/ loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies of the Company. Segment revenue, segment expenses, segment assets and segment liabilities have been identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment. Inter-segment revenue is accounted on the basis of cost plus margins. Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on reasonable basis have been included under “unallocated revenue/expenses/ assets/liabilities” respectively.

1.17 Employee Benefits

Employee benefits include Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund, Employee State Insurance Scheme, Gratuity Fund, Compensated Absences, Anniversary Awards, Premature Death Pension Scheme and Total Disability Pension Scheme.

1.17.1 Defined Contribution Plans

The Company’s contribution to Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund, National Pension Scheme and Employee State Insurance Scheme are considered as defined contribution plans and are charged as an expense based on the amount of contribution required to be made and when services are rendered by the employees.

1.17.2 Defined Benefit Plans

For Defined Benefit Plans in the form of Gratuity Fund, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date. Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest) is reflected immediately in the Balance Sheet with a charge or credit recognised in Other Comprehensive Income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognised in Other Comprehensive Income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and is not reclassified to profit or loss. Past service cost is recognised immediately for both vested and the non-vested portion. The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the Balance Sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation, as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited taking into account the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the schemes.

1.17.3 Short-Term and Other Long-Term Employee Benefits

A liability is recognised for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave in the period the related service is rendered at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service.

Liabilities recognised in respect of short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.

Liabilities recognised in respect of other long-term employee benefits are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date.

1.18 Earnings per share

The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share (‘“‘EPS’“‘) data for its equity shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares, which includes all stock options granted to employees.

The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for any share splits and bonus shares issues including for changes effected prior to the approval of the financial statements by the Board of Directors.

1.19 Recent accounting pronouncements

Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”), through Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2019 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Second Amendment Rules, has notified the following new and amendments to Ind ASs which the Group has not applied as they are effective from 1st April 2019:

1.19.1 Ind AS - 116 Leases

Ind AS 116 will replace the existing leases standard, Ind AS 17 Leases. Ind AS 116 sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both lessees and lessors. It introduces a single, on-balance sheet lessee accounting model for lessees. A lessee recognises right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset and a lease liability representing its obligation to make lease payments. The standard also contains enhanced disclosure requirements for lessees. Ind AS 116 substantially carries forward the lessor accounting requirements in Ind AS 17.

Effective date for application of this standard is annual period beginning on or after 1st April, 2019. The Company is evaluating the effect of this standard on the standalone financial statements.

1.19.2 Ind AS - 12 Income Tax

a) On 30th March 2019, Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified Ind AS 12 Appendix C, Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments, which is to be applied while performing the determination of taxable profit (or loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates, when there is uncertainty over income tax treatments under Ind AS 12. According to the appendix, companies need to determine the probability of the relevant tax authority accepting each tax treatment, or group of tax treatments, that the companies have used or plan to use in their income tax filing which has to be considered to compute the most likely amount or the expected value of the tax treatment when determining taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates.

The standard permits two possible methods of transition - i) Full retrospective approach - Under this approach, Appendix C will be applied retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented in accordance with Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors, without using hindsight and ii) Retrospectively with cumulative effect of initially applying Appendix C recognised by adjusting equity on initial application, without adjusting comparatives.

The effective date for adoption of Ind AS 12 Appendix C is annual periods beginning on or after 1st April 2019. The Company will adopt the standard on 1st April 2019 and is evaluating the effect of this amendment.

b) On 30th March 2019, Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued amendments to the guidance in Ind AS 12, ‘Income Taxes’, in connection with accounting for dividend distribution taxes.

The amendment clarifies that an entity shall recognise the income tax consequences of dividends in profit or loss, other comprehensive income or equity according to where the entity originally recognised those past transactions or events Effective date for application of this amendment is annual period beginning on or after 1st April 2019. The Company is evaluating the effect of this amendment on the standalone financial statements.

1.19.3 Ind AS 19 - Employee Benefits

On 30th March 2019, Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued amendments to Ind AS 19, ‘Employee Benefits’, in connection with accounting for plan amendments, curtailments and settlements.

The amendments require an entity:

- to use updated assumptions to determine current service cost and net interest for the remainder of the period after a plan amendment, curtailment or settlement; and

- to recognise in profit or loss as part of past service cost, or a gain or loss on settlement, any reduction in a surplus, even if that surplus was not previously recognised because of the impact of the asset ceiling.

Effective date for application of this amendment is annual period beginning on or after 1st April 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this amendment on the standalone financial statements.


Mar 31, 2018

1. Significant Accounting Policies

1.1 Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (‘Act’) read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention except for the following items -

a. Certain Financial Assets / Liabilities (including derivative instruments) - at Fair value

b. Employee Stock Options - at Fair value

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR) and all values are rounded to the nearest crores, except otherwise indicated.

1.2 Business Combination

Acquisitions of businesses are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred in a business combination is measured at fair value, which is calculated as the sum of the acquisition-date fair values of the assets transferred by the Company, liabilities incurred by the Company to the former owners of the acquiree and the equity interest issued by the Company in exchange of control of acquiree. Acquisition-related costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred.

When the consideration transferred by the Company in a business combination includes assets or liabilities resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement, the contingent consideration is measured at its acquisition-date fair value and included as a part of the consideration transferred in a business combination. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that qualify as measurement period adjustments are adjusted retrospectively, with corresponding changes against goodwill or capital reserve, as the case maybe. Measurement period adjustments are adjustments that arise from additional information obtained during the ‘measurement period’ (which cannot exceed one year from the acquisition date) about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date. Contingent consideration that is classified as an asset or a liability is subsequently (after the measurement period) remeasured at subsequent reporting dates with the corresponding gain or loss being recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.3 Goodwill

Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred over the net of acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. Goodwill arising on an acquisition of a business is carried at cost as established at the date of acquisition of the business less accumulated impairment losses, if any. For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to each of the Company’s cash-generating units (or groups of cash-generating units) that is expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. A cash-generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro rata based on the carrying amount of each assets in the unit. Any impairment loss for goodwill is recognised directly in Statement of Profit and Loss. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in subsequent periods.

1.4 Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government.

1.4.1 Sale of Goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised upon transfer of significant risk and rewards of ownership of the goods to the customer which generally coincides with dispatch of goods to customer. Sales include excise duty upto 30th June 2017 but exclude GST. It is measured at fair value of consideration received or receivable, net of returns, rebates and discounts.

1.4.2 Dividend, Interest income and Royalty

Dividend income from investments is recognised when the Company’s right to receive dividend is established.

Interest income from a financial asset is recognised on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding using the effective interest method provided it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the interest will flow to the Company and the amount of interest can be measured reliably. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the gross carrying amount of that financial asset.

Royalty revenue is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreement or underlying arrangement in case of sales provided that it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the royalty shall flow to the Company and the amount of royalty can be measured reliably.

Claims / Insurance Claim etc. are accounted for when no significant uncertainties are attached to their eventual receipt.

The Company’s policy for recognition of revenue (rental income) from operating leases is described in note

1.5.1

1.5 Leasing

At the inception of an arrangement, it is determined whether the arrangement is or contains a lease. Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

1.5.1 Company as Lessor

Rental income from operating leases is recognised on a straight- line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Where the rentals are structured solely to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the Company’s expected inflationary cost increase, such increases are recognised in the year in which such benefits accrue.

Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recognised as receivables at the amount of the Company’s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect constant periodic rate of return of the Company’s net investment outstanding in respect of the leases.

1.5.2 Company as Lessee

In case of assets under a finance lease, such assets are initially capitalised at the lower of fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments. Minimum lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Subsequent to initial recognition, the assets are accounted in accordance with the accounting policy applicable to similar owned assets.

Payments made under operating leases are recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Where the rentals are structured solely to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increases, such increases are recognised in the year in which such benefits accrue.

1.6 Foreign Currencies

The functional currency of the Company is the Indian Rupee. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items (including financial assets and liabilities) denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated. Gains or losses arising from these translations are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

In respect of the foreign offices / branches, which are integral foreign operations, all revenues and expenses during the month are reported at monthly average rates. Outstanding balances in respect of monetary assets and liabilities are restated at the year end exchange rates. Outstanding balances in respect of nonmonetary assets and liabilities are stated at the rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Net gain / loss on foreign currency translation are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.7 Share-based payment transactions of the Company

Equity-settled share-based payments to employees providing similar services are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments at the grant date.

The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Company’s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity.

1.8 Taxation

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

1.8.1 Current Tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from ‘profit before tax’ as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company’s current tax is calculated using applicable tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period and the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and other tax laws, as applicable.

1.8.2 Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

1.8.3 Current and Deferred Tax for the year

Current and deferred tax are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity respectively.

1.9 Property, Plant and Equipment

1.9.1 Property, Plant and Equipment acquired separately

Freehold land is stated at cost and not depreciated. Buildings, plant and machinery, vehicles, furniture and office equipments are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.

An item of Property, Plant and Equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.9.2 Capital Work-in-Progress

Properties in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes are carried at cost, less any recognised impairment loss. Cost includes professional fees and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalised in accordance with the Company’s accounting policy. Such properties are classified and capitalised to the appropriate categories of Property, Plant and Equipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.

1.9.3 Depreciation

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost of assets (other than Freehold Land and Capital Work-in-Progress) less their residual values over their useful lives, using the straight-line method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

For certain items of Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company depreciates over estimated useful life which are different from the useful lives prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 which is based upon technical assessment made by technical expert and management estimate. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used. The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

1.10 Intangible Assets

1.10.1 Intangible assets acquired separately

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation is recognised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

1.10.2 Intangible assets acquired in a business combination

Intangible assets acquired in a business combination and recognised separately from goodwill are initially recognised at their fair value at the acquisition date (which is regarded as their cost).

Subsequent to initial recognition, intangible assets acquired in a business combination are reported at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets that are acquired separately.

1.10.3 Internally generated Intangible Assets - Research and Development Expenditure

Expenditure on research activities is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which it is incurred.

An internally generated intangible asset arising from development is recognised if and only if it meets the recognition criteria of intangible assets. The amount initially recognised is the sum total of expenditure incurred from the date when the intangible asset first meets the recognition criteria. Where no intangible asset can be recognised, development expenditure is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which it is incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, internally generated intangible assets are reported at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets acquired separately.

1.10.4 Useful lives of Intangible Assets

Estimated useful lives of the Intangible Assets are as follows:

1.11 Impairment of Tangible and Intangible Assets other than Goodwill

At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite useful life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. If the recoverable amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.12 Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost of inventories is determined on weighted average. Cost for this purpose includes cost of direct materials, direct labour, excise duty and appropriate share of overheads. Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less all estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale. Obsolete, defective, unserviceable and slow / non-moving stocks are duly provided for and valued at net realisable value.

1.13 Provisions (other than Employee Benefits)

A provision is recognised when as a result of past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation which can be reliably estimated and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefit will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent Liabilities are not recognised but disclosed in the Notes to the financial statements.

1.14 Financial Instruments

1.14.1 Initial Recognition and Measurement

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. At initial recognition, financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.14.2 Subsequent measurement of Financial Assets

All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortised cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets.

Debt instruments that meet conditions based on purpose of holding assets and contractual terms of instrument are subsequently measured at amortised cost using effective interest method. All other financial assets are measured at fair value. Income is recognised on an effective interest basis for debt instruments other than those financial assets classified as Fair Value Through Profit or Loss. Interest income is recognised in profit or loss and is included in the “Other income” line item.

1.14.3 Impairment of Financial Assets

The Company recognises loss allowance using expected credit loss model for financial assets which are not measured at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss. Expected credit losses are weighted average of credit losses with the respective risks of default occurring as the weights. Credit loss is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at original effective rate of interest. For Trade receivables, the Company measures loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. The Company computes expected credit loss allowance based on a provision matrix which takes into account historical credit loss experience and adjusted for forward-looking information.

1.14.4 Financial Liabilities and equity instruments

1.14.4.1 Classification of debt or equity

Debt or equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of financial liability and equity instrument.

1.14.4.2 Equity Instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

1.14.4.3 Financial Liabilities

All financial liabilities (other than derivative financial instruments) are measured at amortised cost using effective interest method at the end of reporting periods.

1.14.5 Derecognition of Financial Assets and Liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or when the Company transfers the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred, or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset and does not retain control of the financial asset. The Company derecognises a financial liability (or a part of financial liability) when the contractual obligation is discharged, cancelled or expires.

1.14.6 Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company holds derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward contracts to manage its exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risks. Also, the Company has an option to purchase and the seller has an option to sell balance stake in equity share capital of certain partly owned subsidiary(ies). Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value at the date the contracts are entered into. Subsequent to initial recognition, these contracts are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and changes are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.15 Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit / loss before extraordinary items and tax for the period is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments. Cash Flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated. Cash and Cash Equivalents for the purpose of Cash Flow Statement comprise of cash at bank, cash in hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, as reduced by bank overdrafts.

1.16 Segment Reporting

The Company identifies primary segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organisation and management structure. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit / loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies of the Company. Segment revenue, segment expenses, segment assets and segment liabilities have been identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment.

Inter-segment revenue is accounted on the basis of cost plus margins. Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on reasonable basis have been included under “unallocated revenue/ expenses/ assets/ liabilities” respectively.

1.17 Employee Benefits

Employee benefits include Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund, National Pension Scheme, Employee State Insurance Scheme, Gratuity Fund, Compensated Absences, Anniversary Awards, Premature Death Pension Scheme and Total Disability Pension Scheme.

1.17.1 Defined Contribution Plans

The Company’s contribution to Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund, National Pension Scheme and Employee State Insurance Scheme are considered as defined contribution plans and are charged as an expense based on the amount of contribution required to be made and when services are rendered by the employees.

1.17.2 Defined Benefit Plans

For Defined Benefit Plans in the form of Gratuity Fund, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date. Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest) is reflected immediately in the Balance Sheet with a charge or credit recognised in Other Comprehensive Income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognised in Other Comprehensive Income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and is not reclassified to profit or loss. Past service cost is recognised immediately for both vested and the non-vested portion. The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the Balance Sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation, as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited taking into account the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the schemes.

1.17.3 Short-Term and Other Long-Term Employee Benefits

A liability is recognised for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave in the period the related service is rendered at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service.

Liabilities recognised in respect of short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.

Liabilities recognised in respect of other long-term employee benefits are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date.

1.18 Earnings per share

The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) data for its equity shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares, which includes all stock options granted to employees.

The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for any share splits and bonus shares issues including for changes effected prior to the approval of the financial statements by the Board of Directors.

1.19 Recent accounting pronouncements

The amendments to standards that are issued, but not yet effective, up to the date of issuance of the financial statements are disclosed below. The Company intends to adopt these standards, if applicable, when they become effective.

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has issued the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2017 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2018 amending the following standard:

1.19.1 Ind AS 115 Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Ind AS 115 was issued on 28th March 2018 and establishes a five-step model to account for revenue arising from contracts with customers. Under Ind AS 115, revenue is recognised at an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer.

The new revenue standard will supersede all current revenue recognition requirements under Ind AS.

Either a full retrospective application or a modified retrospective application is required for annual periods beginning on or after 1st April 2018. The Company plans to adopt the new standard on the required effective date. The Company is evaluating the effect on the timing of revenue and impact on the Financial Statements of the Company under new standard.

1.19.2 Appendix B to Ind AS 21 Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration

The Appendix clarifies that, in determining the spot exchange rate to use on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income (or part of it) on the derecognition of a non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability relating to advance consideration, the date of the transaction is the date on which an entity initially recognises the non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability arising from the advance consideration. If there are multiple payments or receipts in advance, then the entity must determine the transaction date for each payment or receipt of advance consideration.

Entities may apply the Appendix requirements on a fully retrospective basis. Alternatively, an entity may apply these requirements prospectively to all assets, expenses and income in its scope that are initially recognised on or after:

i. The beginning of the reporting period in which the entity first applies the Appendix, or

ii. The beginning of a prior reporting period presented as comparative information in the financial statements of the reporting period in which the entity first applies the Appendix.

The Appendix is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1st April 2018. However, since the Company’s current practice is in line with the Interpretation, the Company does not expect any effect on its financial statements.


Mar 31, 2017

1.Corporate information

Since inception, Pidilite Industries Limited, together with its subsidiaries has been a pioneer in consumer and industrial speciality chemicals in India. The equity shares of the Company are listed on BSE Ltd (BSE) and National Stock Exchange of India Ltd (NSE).

The address of its registered office is Regent Chambers, 7th Floor, Jamnalal Bajaj Marg, 208, Nariman Point, Mumbai 400 021. The address of principal place of business is Ramkrishna Mandir Road, Off Mathuradas Vasanji Road, Andheri (E), Mumbai 400 059.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

2.1 Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013(‘Act’) read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016.

For all period upto and including the year ended 31st March 2016, the Company prepared its financial statements in accordance with the requirements of Indian GAAP, i.e. comply with Accounting Standards specified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read with applicable rules and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013. These financial statements for the year ended 31st March 2017 are the Company’s first financial statements under Ind AS and the same are prepared in accordance with Ind AS 101 on ‘First-time adoption of Indian Accounting Standards’ - Refer to Note 2.18 for details of adoption of Ind AS.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention except for the following items -

a. Certain Financial Assets/ Liabilities (including derivative instruments) - at Fair value

b. Employee Stock Options - at Fair value

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR) and all values are rounded to the nearest crores, except otherwise indicated.

2.2 Business Combination

Acquisitions of businesses are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred in a business combination is measured at fair value, which is calculated as the sum of the acquisition-date fair values of the assets transferred by the Company, liabilities incurred by the Company to the former owners of the acquiree and the equity interest issued by the Company in exchange of control of acquiree. Acquisition-related costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

When the consideration transferred by the Company in a business combination includes assets or liabilities resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement, the contingent consideration is measured at its acquisition-date fair value and included as a part of the consideration transferred in a business combination. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that qualify as measurement period adjustments are adjusted retrospectively, with corresponding changes against goodwill or capital reserve, as the case maybe. Measurement period adjustments are adjustments that arise from additional information obtained during the ‘measurement period’ (which cannot exceed one year from the acquisition date) about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date. Contingent consideration that is classified as an asset or a liability is subsequently (after the measurement period) remeasured at subsequent reporting dates with the corresponding gain or loss being recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.3 Goodwill

Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred over the net of acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. Goodwill arising on an acquisition of a business is carried at cost as established at the date of acquisition of the business less accumulated impairment losses, if any. For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to each of the Company’s cash-generating units (or groups of cash-generating units) that is expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. A cash-generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro rata based on the carrying amount of each assets in the unit. Any impairment loss for goodwill is recognized directly in Statement of Profit and Loss. An impairment loss recognized for goodwill is not reversed in subsequent periods.

2.4 Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government.

2.4.1 Sale of Goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized upon transfer of significant risk and rewards of ownership of the goods to the customer which generally coincides with dispatch of goods to customer. Sales include excise duty but exclude Sales Tax/ VAT. It is measured at fair value of consideration received or receivable, net of returns, rebates and discounts.

2.4.2 Dividend, Interest income and Royalty

Dividend income from investments is recognized when the Company’s right to receive dividend is established provided it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company as also the amount of dividend income can be measured reliably.

Interest income from a financial asset is recognized on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding using the effective interest method provided it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the interest will flow to the Company and the amount of interest can be measured reliably. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the gross carrying amount of that financial asset.

Royalty revenue is recognized on an accrual basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreement or underlying arrangement in case of sales provided that it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the royalty shall flow to the Company and the amount of royalty can be measured reliably.

Claims / Insurance Claim etc. are accounted for when no significant uncertainties are attached to their eventual receipt.

The Company’s policy for recognition of revenue (rental income) from operating leases is described in Note 2.5.1

2.5 Leasing

At the inception of an arrangement, it is determined whether the arrangement is or contains a lease. Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

2.5.1 Company as Lessor

Rental income from operating leases is recognized on a straight- line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Where the rentals are structured solely to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the Company’s expected inflationary cost increase, such increases are recognized in the year in which such benefits accrue.

Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recognized as receivables at the amount of the Company’s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect constant periodic rate of return of the Company’s net investment outstanding in respect of the leases.

2.5.2 Company as Lessee

In case of assets under a finance lease, such assets are initially capitalized at the lower of fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments. Minimum lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Subsequent to initial recognition, the assets are accounted in accordance with the accounting policy applicable to similar owned assets.

Payments made under operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Where the rentals are structured solely to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increases, such increases are recognized in the year in which such benefits accrue.

2.6 Foreign Currencies

The functional currency of the Company is the Indian Rupee. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items (including financial assets and liabilities) denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated. Gains or losses arising from these translations are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

In respect of the foreign offices / branches, which are integral foreign operations, all revenues and expenses during the month are reported at monthly average rates. Outstanding balances in respect of monetary assets and liabilities are restated at the year end exchange rates. Outstanding balances in respect of non-monetary assets and liabilities are stated at the rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Net gain / loss on foreign currency translation are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.7 Share-based payment transactions of the Company

Equity-settled share-based payments to employees providing similar services are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments at the grant date.

The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, in accordance with the SEBI guidelines, based on the Company’s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity.

2.8 Taxation

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

2.8.1 Current Tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from ‘profit before tax’ as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company’s current tax is calculated using applicable tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period and the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and other tax laws, as applicable.

2.8.2 Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

2.8.3 Current and Deferred Tax for the year

Current and deferred tax are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity respectively.

2.9 Property, Plant and Equipment

2.9.1 Property, Plant and Equipment acquired separately

Freehold land is stated at cost and not depreciated. Buildings, plant and machinery, vehicles, furniture and office equipments are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.

An item of Property, Plant and Equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.9.2 Capital Work-in-Progress

Properties in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes are carried at cost, less any recognized impairment loss. Cost includes professional fees and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalized in accordance with the Company’s accounting policy. Such properties are classified and capitalized to the appropriate categories of Property, Plant and Equipment when completed and ready for intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.

2.9.3 Depreciation

Depreciation is recognized so as to write off the cost of assets (other than freehold land and Capital work-in-progress) less their residual values over their useful lives, using the straight-line method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis. The estimated useful lives are as mentioned below:

2.10 Intangible Assets

2.10.1 Intangible assets acquired separately

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Amortization is recognized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortization method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

2.10.2 Intangible assets acquired in a business combination

Intangible assets acquired in a business combination and recognized separately from goodwill are initially recognized at their fair value at the acquisition date (which is regarded as their cost). Subsequent to initial recognition, intangible assets acquired in a business combination are reported at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets that are acquired separately.

2.10.3 Internally generated Intangible Assets - Research and Development Expenditure

Expenditure on research activities is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which it is incurred. An internally generated intangible asset arising from development is recognized if and only if it meets the recognition criteria of intangible assets. The amount initially recognized is the sum total of expenditure incurred from the date when the intangible asset first meets the recognition criteria. Where no intangible asset can be recognized, development expenditure is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which it is incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, internally generated intangible assets are reported at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets acquired separately.

2.10.4 Useful lives of Intangible Assets

Estimated useful lives of the Intangible Assets are as follows:

2.11 Impairment of Tangible and Intangible Assets other than Goodwill

At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite useful life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable.

If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. If the recoverable amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.12 Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost of inventories is determined on weighted average. Cost for this purpose includes cost of direct materials, direct labour, excise duty and appropriate share of overheads. Net realizable value represents the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less all estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale. Obsolete, defective, unserviceable and slow/ non-moving stocks are duly provided for and valued at net realizable value.

2.13 Provisions (other than Employee Benefits)

A provision is recognized when as a result of past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation which can be reliably estimated and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefit will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but disclosed in the notes to the financial statements. Contingent Assets are not recognized but disclosed in the notes to the financial statements, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

2.14 Financial Instruments

2.14.1 Initial Recognition and Measurement

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. At initial recognition, financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at Fair Value through Profit or Loss are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.14.2 Subsequent measurement of Financial Assets

All recognized financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortized cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets.

Debt instruments that meet conditions based on purpose of holding assets and contractual terms of instrument are subsequently measured at amortized cost using effective interest method. All other financial assets are measured at fair value. Income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments other than those financial assets classified as Fair Value Through Profit or Loss. Interest income is recognized in profit or loss and is included in the “Other income” line item.

2.14.3 Impairment of Financial Assets

The Company recognizes loss allowance using expected credit loss model for financial assets which are not measured at Fair Value through Profit or Loss. Expected credit losses are weighted average of credit losses with the respective risks of default occurring as the weights. Credit loss is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at original effective rate of interest. For trade receivables, the Company measures loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. The Company computes expected credit loss allowance based on a provision matrix which takes into account historical credit loss experience and adjusted for forward-looking information.

2.14.4 Financial Liabilities and equity instruments

2.14.4.1 Classification of debt or equity

Debt or equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of financial liability and equity instrument.

2.14.4.2 Equity Instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognized at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

2.14.4.3 Financial Liabilities

All financial liabilities (other than derivative financial instruments) are measured at amortized cost using effective interest method at the end of reporting periods.

2.14.5 Derecognition of Financial Assets and Liabilities

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire or when the Company transfers the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset and does not retain control of the financial asset. The Company derecognizes a financial liability (or a part of financial liability) when the contractual obligation is discharged, cancelled or expires.

2.14.6 Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company holds derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward contracts to manage its exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risks. Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value at the date the contracts are entered into. Subsequent to initial recognition, these contracts are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and changes are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.15 Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit / loss before extraordinary items and tax for the period is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments. Cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated. Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprise of cash at bank, cash in hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, as reduced by bank overdrafts.

2.16 Segment Reporting

The Company identifies primary segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organization and management structure. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit / loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies of the Company. Segment revenue, segment expenses, segment assets and segment liabilities have been identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment.

Inter-segment revenue is accounted on the basis of cost plus margins. Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on reasonable basis have been included under “unallocated revenue/expenses/ assets/liabilities” respectively.

2.17 Employee Benefits

Employee benefits include Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund, Employee State Insurance Scheme, Gratuity Fund, Compensated Absences, Anniversary Awards, Premature Death Pension Scheme and Total Disability Pension Scheme.

2.17.1 Defined Contribution Plans

The Company’s contribution to Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund and Employee State Insurance Scheme are considered as defined contribution plans and are charged as an expense based on the amount of contribution required to be made and when services are rendered by the employees.

2.17.2 Defined Benefit Plans

For Defined Benefit Plans in the form of Gratuity Fund, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date. Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest) is reflected immediately in the Balance Sheet with a charge or credit recognized in Other Comprehensive Income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognized in Other Comprehensive Income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and is not reclassified to Profit and Loss. Past service cost is recognized immediately for both vested and the non-vested portion. The retirement benefit obligation recognized in the Balance Sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation, as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited taking into account the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the schemes.

2.17.3 Short Term and Other Long Term Employee Benefits

A liability is recognized for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave in the period the related service is rendered at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service.

Liabilities recognized in respect of short-term employee benefits, employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.

Liabilities recognized in respect of other long-term employee benefits are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date.

2.18 First-time Adoption - Mandatory Exceptions, Optional Exemptions

2.18.1 Overall Principle

The Company has prepared the opening balance sheet as per Ind AS as of 1st April 2015 (the transition date) by recognizing all assets and liabilities whose recognition is required by Ind AS, not recognizing items of assets or liabilities which are not permitted by Ind AS, by reclassifying items from previous GAAP to Ind AS as required under Ind AS, and applying Ind AS in measurement of recognized assets and liabilities. However, this principle is subject to the exceptions and optional exemptions availed by the Company detailed below:

2.18.1.1 Past Business Combinations

The Company has elected not to apply Ind AS 103 Business Combinations retrospectively to past business combinations that occurred before the transition date of 1st April 2015. Consequently,

- The Company has kept the same classification for the past business combinations as in its previous GAAP financial statements;

- The Company has not recognized assets and liabilities that were not recognized in accordance with previous GAAP in the balance sheet of the acquirer and would also not qualify for recognition in accordance with Ind AS in the separate balance sheet of the acquiree;

- The Company has excluded from its opening balance sheet those items recognized in accordance with previous GAAP that do not qualify for recognition as an asset or liability under Ind AS;

- The Company has tested the goodwill for impairment at the transition date based on the condition as of the transition date;

- The effects of the above adjustments have been given to the measurement of non-controlling interests and deferred tax.

2.18.1.2 Deemed cost for Property, Plant and Equipment, Investment Property, and Intangible Assets

The Company has elected to fair value Land, Building and Plant & Machinery along with integrated patents, designs and drawings at Dahej (included in Capital Work-in-progress) as of the transition date. Accordingly, the Company has measured all other items of Property, Plant and Equipment and intangible assets recognized as of 1st April 2015 at retrospective carrying values calculated in accordance with Ind AS 16.

2.18.1.3 Investments

The Company has elected to measure investments in Equity shares of subsidiary companies and associate company at deemed cost, which is previous GAAP carrying amount. Accordingly, under Ind AS, the Company has recognized investments as follows:

- Equity shares of subsidiary companies and associate company - At deemed cost

- Unquoted Equity shares of other companies- At fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)

- Mutual Funds - At FVTPL

3 Critical Accounting Judgements and key sources of Estimation Uncertainty

The preparation of the Company’s financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies, reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses, and accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

3.1 Key accounting judgements, assumptions and estimates

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below:

3.1.1 Income taxes

Significant judgments are involved in estimating budgeted profits for the calculation of advance tax and deferred tax, and determining provision for income taxes and uncertain tax positions (disclosed in Note 48).

3.1.2 Business combinations and Intangible Assets

Business combinations are accounted for using Ind AS 103, Business Combinations. Ind AS 103 requires the identifiable intangible assets to be fair valued in order to ascertain the net fair value of identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the acquiree. Significant estimates are required to be made in determining the value of intangible assets. These valuations are conducted by independent valuation experts.

3.1.3 Property, Plant and Equipment

The useful lives and residual values of Company’s assets are determined by the management at the time the asset is acquired. These estimates are reviewed annually by the management. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their life, such as changes in technical or commercial obsolescence arising from changes or improvements in production or from a change in market demand of the product or service output of the asset.

3.1.4 Fair value measurement of Capital Work-in-Progress

Fair value of Land, Building and Plant and Machinery along with integrated patents, designs and drawings at Dahej (included in Capital Work-in-Progress) is based on valuations conducted by independent valuation experts.

3.1.5 Impairment of Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (i.e. trademarks and copyrights) are tested for impairment on an annual basis. Recoverable amount of cash-generating units is determined based on higher of value-in-use and fair value less cost to sell. The impairment test is performed at the level of the cash-generating unit or groups of cash-generating units which are benefitting from the synergies of the acquisition and which represents the lowest level at which the intangibles are monitored for internal management purposes. Market related information and estimates are used to determine the recoverable amount. Key assumptions on which management has based its determination of recoverable amount include estimated long term growth rates, weighted average cost of capital and estimated operating margins. Cash flow projections take into account past experience and represent management’s best estimate about future developments.

3.1.6 Employee related provisions

The costs of long term and short term employee benefits are estimated using assumptions by the management. These assumptions include rate of increase in compensation levels, discount rates, expected rate of return on assets and attrition rates. (disclosed in Note 45)

3.1.7 Impairment of investments in subsidiaries

Investment in subsidiaries is measured at cost and tested for impairment annually. For impairment testing, management determines recoverable amount, using cash flow projections which take into account past experience and represent management’s best estimate about future developments. Key assumptions on which management has based its determination of recoverable amount include estimated long term growth rates, weighted average cost of capital and estimated operating margins. Management obtains fair value of investments from independent valuation experts.


Mar 31, 2015

1.1 Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (Indian GAAP) to comply with the Accounting Standards specified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the 2013 Act") / Companies Act, 1956 ("the 1956 Act"), as applicable. The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis under the historical cost convention on a going concern basis. The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of financial statements are consistent with those followed in the previous year except for change in the accounting policy for depreciation as more fully described in Note 49.

2.2 Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management's best knowledge of current events and actions, future results could differ due to these estimates and the differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognised in the periods in which the results are known/ materialised.

2.3 Fixed Assets (Tangible/ Intangible)

Fixed assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation / amortisation and impairment losses, if any. The cost of fixed assets comprises its purchase price net of any trade discounts and rebates, any import duties and other taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from the tax authorities), any directly attributable expenditure on making the asset ready for its intended use, other incidental expenses and interest on borrowings attributable to acquisition of qualifying fixed assets up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use. The Company has adopted the provisions of para 46A of AS 11 "The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates", accordingly, exchange differences arising on restatement / settlement of long-term foreign currency borrowings relating to acquisition of depreciable fixed assets are adjusted to the cost of the respective assets and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets. Subsequent expenditure on fixed assets after its purchase / completion is capitalised only if such expenditure results in an increase in the future benefits from such asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance. Fixed assets retired from active use and held for sale are stated at the lower of their net book value and net realisable value and are disclosed separately.

Capital work-in-progress

Projects under which tangible fixed assets are not yet ready for their intended use are carried at cost, comprising direct cost, related incidental expenses and attributable interest.

2.4 Depreciation and amortisation

Depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less its estimated residual value. Depreciation on tangible fixed assets has been provided on the straight-line method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

Intangible assets are amortised over their estimated useful life on the straight-line method as follows:

a) Goodwill (acquired) - 10 years

b) Other intangibles (Copyrights, Trademarks, Technical Knowhow etc. acquired by the Company) - 10 years

The estimated useful life of the intangible assets and the amortisation period are reviewed at the end of each financial year and the amortisation method is revised to reflect the changed pattern.

2.5 Research and development expenses

Revenue expenditure pertaining to research is charged to respective heads in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year it is incurred. Fixed assets utilised for research and development are capitalised and depreciated in accordance with the policies stated for Fixed Assets.

2.6 Investments

Long-term investments, are carried individually at cost less provision for diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investments. Current investments are carried individually, at the lower of cost and fair value. Cost of investments include acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties.

2.7 Inventories

Raw Materials and Packing Materials are valued at the lower of weighted average cost and net realisable value.

Finished Goods, Stock-in-Trade and Work-in-Progress are valued at lower of weighted average cost and net realisable value. Cost for this purpose includes direct materials, direct labour, excise duty and appropriate overheads.

Consumable stores and spares are valued at the lower of weighted average cost and net realisable value, as estimated by the management. Obsolete, defective, unserviceable and slow / non-moving stocks are duly provided for.

2.8 Revenue recognition

Income from sale of goods is recognised upon transfer of significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods to the customer which generally coincides with dispatch of goods to customer. Sales are net of - Sales Tax/ VAT, returns, rebates and discounts. Interest income is recognised on accrual basis.

Claims / Insurance Claim etc. are accounted for when no significant uncertainties are attached to their eventual receipt. Dividend is accounted for when right to receive dividend is established.

2.9 Foreign currency transactions and translations

Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Foreign currency monetary items (other than forward contracts) of the Company, outstanding at the Balance Sheet date are restated at the year-end rates. Non-monetary items of the Company are carried at historical cost.

The exchange differences arising on settlement / restatement of long-term foreign currency monetary items are capitalised as part of the depreciable fixed assets to which the monetary item relates and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets. The unamortised exchange difference is carried under Reserves and Surplus as "Foreign currency monetary item translation difference account" net of the tax effect thereon, where applicable.

Exchange differences arising on settlement / restatement of foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities of the Company are recognised as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

In respect of the foreign offices / branches, which are integral foreign operations, all revenues and expenses during the month are reported at monthly average rates. Outstanding balances in respect of monetary assets and liabilities are restated at the year end exchange rates. Outstanding balances in respect of non-monetary assets and liabilities are stated at the rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Net gain / loss on foreign currency translation is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.10 Accounting for forward contracts

Premium / discount on forward exchange contracts, which are not intended for trading or speculation purposes, are amortised over the period of the contracts if such contracts relate to monetary items as at the Balance Sheet date. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such a forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense in the period in which such cancellation or renewal is made.

2.11 Employee benefits

Employee benefits include Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund, Employee State Insurance Scheme, Gratuity Fund, Compensated Absences, Anniversary Awards, Premature Death Pension Scheme and Total Disability Pension Scheme.

Defined contribution plans

The Company's contribution to Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund and Employee State Insurance Scheme are considered as defined contribution plans and are charged as an expense based on the amount of contribution required to be made and when services are rendered by the employees.

Defined benefit plans

For defined benefit plans in the form of Gratuity Fund, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they occur. Past service cost is recognised immediately to the extent that the benefits are already vested and otherwise is amortised on a straight-line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested. The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the Balance Sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognised past service cost, as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to past service cost, plus the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the schemes.

Short-term employee benefits

The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognised during the year when the employees render the service. These benefits include performance incentive and compensated absences which are expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related service.

The cost of short-term compensated absences is accounted as under:

a) in case of accumulated compensated absences, when employees render the services that increase their entitlement of future compensated absences; and

b) in case of non-accumulating compensated absences, when the absences occur.

Long-term employee benefits

Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related service are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation as at the Balance Sheet date. Anniversary Awards, Premature Death Pension Scheme and Total Disability Pension Scheme are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation as at the Balance Sheet date.

2.12 Taxes on Income

Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws. Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences, being the differences between the taxable income and the accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date. Deferred tax assets are recognised for timing differences of items other than unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward losses only to the extent that reasonable certainty exists that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these can be realised. However, if there are unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses and items relating to capital losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that there will be sufficient future taxable income available to realise the assets.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing tax laws and the Company has a legally enforceable right for such set off. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date for their realisability.

Current and Deferred tax relating to items directly recognised in reserves are recognised in reserves and not in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.13 Provisions and contingencies

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.

Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent liabilities are disclosed in the Notes. Contingent assets are not recognised nor disclosed in the financial statements.

2.14 Cash and cash equivalents (for purposes of Cash Flow Statement)

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank, cash in hand and short- term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

2.15 Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit / loss before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the company are segregated based on available information.

2.16 Impairment of assets

The carrying value of assets/ cash generating units at each Balance Sheet date are reviewed for impairment if any indication of impairment exists. If the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the estimated recoverable amount, an impairment is recognised for such excess amount. The impairment loss is recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss, unless the asset is carried at revalued amount, in which case any impairment loss of the revalued asset is treated as a revaluation decrease to the extent a revaluation reserve is available for that asset. The recoverable amount is the greater of the net selling price and their value in use. Value in use is arrived at by discounting the future cash flows to their present value based on an appropriate discount factor. When there is an indication that an impairment loss recognised for an asset (other than a revalued asset) in earlier accounting periods no longer exists or may have decreased, such reversal of impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, to the extent the amount was previously charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. In case of revalued assets, such reversal is not recognised.

2.17 Segment reporting

The Company identifies primary segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organisation and management structure. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit / loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the Executive Management in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies of the Company. Segment revenue, segment expenses, segment assets and segment liabilities have been identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment. Inter-segment revenue is accounted on the basis of cost plus margins. Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on reasonable basis have been included under "unallocated revenue / expenses / assets / liabilities".

2.18 Employee share based payments

The Company has formulated Employee Stock Option Schemes (ESOS) in accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999. The Schemes provide for grant of options to employees of the Company and its subsidiaries to acquire equity shares of the Company that vest in a graded manner and that are to be exercised within a specified period. The compensation cost of stock options granted to employees is measured by the intrinsic value method, i.e., the difference between the closing market price on the day prior to the grant of the options under ESOS over the exercise price to be paid by the option holder. In accordance with the SEBI Guidelines; the excess, if any, is amortised on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the options.

2.19 Operating cycle

Based on the varied nature of products / activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has considered its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities as current and non-current.

The Company has only one class of equity shares having a par value of Rs. 1 per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share. The Company declares and pays dividend in Indian rupees. The final dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting.

In the event of liquidation, the equity shareholders are eligible to receive the remaining assets of the Company after distribution of all preferential amounts, in the proportion of their shareholding.

During the year ended 31st March, 2015, the amount of per share dividend recognised as distributions to equity shareholders is X 2.90 (Rs. 2.70).

Working Capital Loan from Banks (Cash Credit accounts) are secured by way of first charge on the stock of Raw Material, Finished Goods, Packing Material, Stock in Process, Bills Receivable and Book Debts and by way of second charge on the entire Plant and Machinery of the Company including Stores and Spares. Further, these loans are secured by way of an Equitable Mortgage on the Land and Building of the Company's unit at Kondivita, Mumbai.


Mar 31, 2014

1.1 Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (Indian GAAP) to comply with the Accounting Standards notified under Section 211(3C) of the Companies Act, 1956 ("the 1956 Act") (which continue to be applicable in respect of Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the 2013 Act") in terms of General Circular 15/2013 dated 13th September, 2013 of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs) and the relevant provisions of the 1956 Act /the 2013 Act, as applicable. The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis under the historical cost convention on a going concern basis.

2.2 Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, future results could differ due to these estimates and the differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognised in the periods in which the results are known/ materialised.

2.3 Fixed Assets (Tangible/ Intangible)

Fixed assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation / amortisation and impairment losses, if any. The cost of fixed assets comprise its purchase price net of any trade discounts and rebates, any import duties and other taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from the tax authorities), any directly attributable expenditure on making the asset ready for its intended use, other incidental expenses and interest on borrowings attributable to acquisition of qualifying fixed assets up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use. The Company has adopted the provisions of para 46A of AS 11 "The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates", accordingly, exchange differences arising on restatement/ settlement of long-term foreign currency borrowings relating to acquisition of depreciable fixed assets are adjusted to the cost of the respective assets and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets. Subsequent expenditure on fixed assets after its purchase/ completion is capitalised only if such expenditure results in an increase in the future benefits from such asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance. Fixed assets retired from active use and held for sale are stated at the lower of their net book value and net realisable value and are disclosed separately.

Capital work-in-progress

Projects under which tangible fixed assets are not yet ready for their intended use are carried at cost, comprising direct cost, related incidental expenses and attributable interest.

2.4 Depreciation and amortisation

Depreciation has been provided on the straight-line method as per the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

Leasehold land is amortised over the duration of the lease.

Assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 each are depreciated at the rate of 100%.

Intangible assets are amortised over their estimated useful life on the straight-line method as follows:

a) Goodwill (acquired) - 5 years

b) Other intangibles (Copyrights, Trademarks, Technical Knowhow etc. acquired by the Company) - 10 years

The estimated useful life of the intangible assets and the amortisation period are reviewed at the end of each financial year and the amortisation method is revised to reflect the changed pattern.

2.5 Research and development expenses

Revenue expenditure pertaining to research is charged to respective heads in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year it is incurred. Fixed assets utilised for research and development are capitalised and depreciated in accordance with the policies stated for Fixed Assets.

2.6 Investments

Long-term investments, are carried individually at cost less provision for diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investments. Current investments are carried individually, at the lower of cost and fair value. Cost of investments include acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties.

2.7 Inventories

Raw Materials and Packing Materials are valued at the lower of weighted average cost and net realisable value.

Finished goods, Stock-in-Trade and Work-in-Progress are valued at lower of weighted average cost and net realisable value. Cost for this purpose includes direct materials, direct labour, excise duty and appropriate overheads.

Consumable stores and spares are valued at the lower of weighted average cost and net realisable value, as estimated by the management. Obsolete, defective, unserviceable and slow / non-moving stocks are duly provided for.

2.8 Revenue recognition

Income from sale of goods is recognised upon transfer of significant risk and rewards of ownership of the goods to the customer which generally coincides with dispatch of goods to customer. Sales are net of - Sales Tax/ VAT, returns, rebates and discounts. Interest income is recognised on accrual basis. Claims which are not of material nature/ Insurance Claim etc. are accounted for when no significant uncertainties are attached to their eventual receipt. Dividend is accounted for when right to receive dividend is established.

2.9 Foreign currency transactions and translations

Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Foreign currency monetary items (other than forward contracts) of the Company, outstanding at the Balance Sheet date are restated at the year end rates. Non-monetary items of the Company are carried at historical cost.

The exchange differences arising on settlement / restatement of long-term foreign currency monetary items are capitalised as part of the depreciable fixed assets to which the monetary item relates and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets. The unamortised exchange difference is carried under Reserves and Surplus as "Foreign currency monetary item translation difference account" net of the tax effect thereon, where applicable.

Exchange differences arising on settlement / restatement of foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities of the Company are recognised as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

In respect of the foreign offices / branches, which are integral foreign operations, all revenues and expenses during the month are reported at monthly average rates. Outstanding balances in respect of monetary assets and liabilities are restated at the year end exchange rates. Outstanding balances in respect of non-monetary assets and liabilities are stated at the rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Net gain / loss on foreign currency translation is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.10 Accounting for forward contracts

Premium / discount on forward exchange contracts, which are not intended for trading or speculation purposes, are amortised over the period of the contracts if such contracts relate to monetary items as at the Balance Sheet date.

2.11 Employee benefits

Employee benefits include Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund, Employee State Insurance Scheme, Gratuity Fund, Compensated Absences, Anniversary Awards, Premature Death Pension Scheme and Total Disability Pension Scheme.

Defined contribution plans

The Company''s contribution to Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund and Employee State Insurance Scheme are considered as defined contribution plans and are charged as an expense based on the amount of contribution required to be made and when services are rendered by the employees.

Defined benefit plans

For defined benefit plans in the form of Gratuity Fund the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they occur. Past service cost is recognised immediately to the extent that the benefits are already vested and otherwise is amortised on a straight-line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested. The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the Financial Statement represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognised past service cost, as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to past service cost, plus the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the schemes.

Short-term employee benefits

The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognised during the year when the employees render the service. These benefits include performance incentive and compensated absences which are expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related service.

The cost of short-term compensated absences is accounted as under:

a) in case of accumulated compensated absences, when employees render the services that increase their entitlement of future compensated absences; and

b) in case of non-accumulating compensated absences, when the absences occur.

Long-term employee benefits

Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related service are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation as at the Balance Sheet date. Anniversary awards, premature death pension scheme and total disability pension scheme are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation as at the Balance Sheet date.

2.12 Taxes on Income

Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences, being the differences between the taxable income and the accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date. Deferred tax assets are recognised for timing differences of items other than unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward losses only to the extent that reasonable certainty exists that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these can be realised. However, if there are unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty that there will be sufficient future taxable income available to realise the assets.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing tax laws and the Company has a legally enforceable right for such set off. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date for their realisability.

2.13 Provisions and contingencies

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent liabilities are disclosed in the Notes. Contingent assets are not recognised nor disclosed in the Financial Statements.

2.14 Cash and cash equivalents (for purposes of Cash Flow Statement)

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank, cash in hand and short- term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit / loss before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the company are segregated based on available information.

2.15 Impairment of assets

The carrying values of assets / cash generating units at each Balance Sheet date are reviewed for impairment. If any indication of impairment exists, the recoverable amount of such assets is estimated and impairment is recognised, if the carrying amount of these assets exceeds their recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the net selling price and their value in use. Value in use is arrived at by discounting the future cash flows to their present value based on an appropriate discount factor. When there is indication that an impairment loss recognised for an asset in earlier accounting periods no longer exists or may have decreased, such reversal of impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.16 Segment reporting

The Company identifies primary segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organisation and management structure. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit / loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the executive management in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies of the Company. Segment revenue, segment expenses, segment assets and segment liabilities have been identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment. Inter-segment revenue is accounted on the basis of cost plus margins. Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on reasonable basis have been included under "unallocated revenue / expenses / assets / liabilities".

2.17 Employee share based payments

The Company has formulated Employee Stock Option Schemes (ESOS) in accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999. The Schemes provide for grant of options to employees of the Company to acquire equity shares of the Company that vest in a graded manner and that are to be exercised within a specified period. The compensation cost of stock options granted to employees is measured by the intrinsic value method, i.e., the difference between the closing market price on the day prior to the grant of the options under ESOS over the exercise price to be paid by the option holder. In accordance with the SEBI Guidelines; the excess, if any, is amortised on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the options.

2.18 Operating cycle

Based on the varied nature of products / activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has considered its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities as current and non-current.


Mar 31, 2013

A. Presentation and disclosure of financial statements

As notified by Ministry of Corporate Affairs, revised Schedule VI under the Companies Act, 1956 is applicable to the financial statements for the financial year commencing on or after 1st April 2011. Accordingly, the financial statements for the period ended 31st March 2013 are prepared in accordance with the revised Schedule VI.

b. Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities in future periods.

c. Tangible Fixed Assets, Depreciation and Impairment Loss

a) Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction as reduced by accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any.

b) Preoperative expenditure during construction period / trial run: Direct expenses as well as clearly identifiable indirect expenses incurred on the projects during the period of construction are capitalized along with the respective assets.

c) The Company provides depreciation as under:

1. On Straight Line Method (SLM) basis as per new rates prescribed under Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

2. For assets each costing 5000 or less, depreciation is provided fully.

3. For additions made during the year, depreciation is provided on pro-rata basis.

d) In case, the recoverable amount of the fixed assets is lower than its carrying amount, provision is made for the impairment loss.

e) Borrowing costs, which are directly attributable to acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset, are capitalised as a part of the cost of the asset. Other borrowing costs are recognised as expenses in the period in which they are incurred.

d. Intangible Assets, Amortization and Impairment Loss

1. The Goodwill acquired by the Company is amortized over a period of 5 years on SLM basis.

2. The Copyrights, Trademarks, Technical know-how etc. acquired by the Company are amortized over a period of 10 years on SLM basis.

3. In case, the recoverable amount of the intangible assets is lower than its carrying amount, provision is made for the impairment loss.

e. Research and Development Expenditure

a) Capital Expenditure is shown separately in Fixed Assets.

b) Revenue expenses including depreciation are charged to respective heads of accounts.

f. Investments

a) Non-Current Investments are stated at cost. In case there is a diminution of permanent nature in value of Investments, the same is provided for.

b) (i) Quoted current investments are stated at the lower of cost and market value.

(ii) Unquoted current investments are stated at the lower of cost and fair value where available.

g. Inventories

a) Raw Materials and Packing Materials are valued at cost on weighted average basis.

b) Finished goods, Stock in Trade and Work in Progress are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value Cost (arrived at on weighted average) for this purpose includes direct materials, direct labour, excise duty and appropriate overheads.

c) Consumable stores and spares are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value, as estimated by the management.

d) Obsolete, defective, unserviceable and slow/non-moving stocks are duly provided for.

h. Revenue recognition

i) Income from sale of goods is recognized upon transfer of significant risk and rewards of ownership of the goods to the customer which generally coincides with delivery and acceptance of the goods sold. Sales are net of Sales Tax/ VAT, returns, rebates and discounts.

ii) Interest income is recognized on accrual basis.

iii) Claims which are not of material nature / Insurance Claim etc. are accounted for when no significant uncertainties are attached to their eventual receipt.

iv) Dividend is accounted for when right to receive dividend is established.

i. Transactions in foreign currencies

a) Transactions are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of transaction.

b) Foreign currency designated assets and liabilities are restated at the year end rates and the resultant gain or loss is taken to Statement of Profit and Loss, except in respect of fixed Assets which is being capitalised.

j. Financial Derivatives and Hedging Transactions

In respect of derivative contracts, premium paid, gains/ losses on settlement and losses on restatement are recognised in the Statement of Profit & Loss except in case where they relate to the acquisition or construction of a fixed asset, in which case, they are adjusted to the carrying cost of such assets.

k. Retirement and other employee benefits

a) Contribution to Provident, Superannuation and Family Pension funds are funded as a percentage of salary/wages.

b) Gratuity liability is funded as per group gratuity scheme of Life Insurance Corporation of India.

c) Gratuity, leave encashment, anniversary award, premature death pension & total disability pension are provided for on the basis of actuarial valuation as at the year end.

l. Taxes

Provision for current tax is made on the basis of relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act,1961. The deferred tax for timing differences between the book and tax profits for the year is accounted for, using the tax rates and laws that have been substantively enacted as of the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets arising from timing differences are recognized to the extent there is virtual / reasonable certainty that these would be realized in future.

m. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

A provision is made based on a reliable estimate when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle an obligation. Contingent liabilities, if material are disclosed by way of notes to accounts. Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.

n. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank, cash in hand and short- term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.


Mar 31, 2012

Basis of preparation

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP). The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention, on the basis of a going concern and as per applicable Indian Accounting Standards. The Company follows mercantile system of accounting and recognizes income and expenditure on accrual basis (except as otherwise stated)

a. Presentation and disclosure of financial statements

As notified by Ministry of Corporate Affairs, revised Schedule VI under the Companies Act, 1956 is applicable to the financial statements for the financial year commencing on or after 1st April 2011. Accordingly, the financial statements for the period ended 31st March 2012 are prepared in accordance with the revised Schedule VI. The amounts and disclosures included in the financial statements of the previous year have been reclassified to confirm to the requirements of revised Schedule VI

b. Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management's best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities in future periods.

c. Fixed Assets, Depreciation and Impairment Loss

a) Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction as reduced by accumulated depreciation and mpairment loss, if any.

b) Preoperative expenditure during construction period / trial run : Direct expenses as well as clearly identifiable ndirect expenses incurred on the projects during the period of construction are capitalized along with the respective assets.

c) The Company provides depreciation as under

1 For assets acquired up to 30th June 1987, on Straight Line Method (SLM) basis.

2 For assets acquired after 30th June 1987 and before 31st March 1993, on SLM basis at rates specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.

3 For assets acquired after 31st March 1993, on SLM basis as per new rates prescribed under Schedule XIV vide notification no. GSR 756 (E) dated 16th December 1993 issued by the Department of Company Affairs.

4 For assets each costing Rs. 5000 or less, depreciation is provided fully.

5 For addition made during the year, depreciation is provided on pro-rata basis.

d) In case, the recoverable amount of the fixed assets is lower than its carrying amount, provision is made for the mpairment loss.

e) Borrowing costs, which are directly attributable to acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset, are capitalised as a part of the cost of the asset. Other borrowing costs are recognised as expenses in the period in which they are incurred

d. Intangible Assets and amortization

1. The Goodwill acquired by the Company is amortized over a period of 5 years on SLM basis.

2. The Copyrights, Trademarks, Technical Knowhow, etc. acquired by the Company are amortized over a period of 10 years on SLM basis.

e. Research and Development Expenditure

a) Capital Expenditure is shown separately in Fixed Assets.

b) Revenue expenses including depreciation are charged to respective heads of accounts.

f. Investments

a) Non-Current Investments are stated at cost. In case there is a diminution of permanent nature in value of Investments, the same is provided for.

b) (i) Quoted current investments are stated at the lower of cost and market value.

(ii) Unquoted current investments are stated at the lower of cost and fair value where available.

g. Inventories

a) Raw Materials and Packing materials are valued at cost on weighted average basis.

b) Finished goods, including traded goods and work in process are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost (arrived at on weighted average) for this purpose includes direct materials, direct labour, excise duty and appropriate overheads including freight costs up to the ports in respect of finished goods meant for exports.

c) Consumable stores and spares are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value, as estimated by the management.

d) Obsolete, defective, unserviceable and slow / non-moving stocks are duly provided for.

h. Revenue recognition

i) Income from sale of goods is recognized upon transfer of significant risk and rewards of ownership of the goods to the customer which generally coincides with delivery and acceptance of the goods sold. Sales are net of Sales Tax/ VAT, returns, rebates and discounts.

ii) Interest income is recognized on accrual basis.

iii) Claims which are not of material nature / Insurance Claim etc. are accounted for when no significant uncertainties are attached to their eventual receipt.

iv) Dividend is accounted for when right to receive dividend is established.

i. Transactions in foreign currencies

a) Transactions are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of transaction.

b) Foreign currency designated assets and liabilities are restated at the year end rates and the resultant gain or loss is taken to Statement of Profit and Loss Account, except in respect of fixed Assets which is being capitalized (Refer note 33)

j. Financial Derivatives and Hedging Transactions

In respect of derivative contracts, premium paid, gains/ losses on settlement and losses on restatement are recognised in the Statement of Profit & Loss except in case where they relate to the acquisition or construction of a fixed asset, in which case, they are adjusted to the carrying cost of such assets.

k. Retirement and other employee benefits

a) Contribution to Provident, Superannuation and Family Pension funds are funded as a percentage of salary/wages.

b) Gratuity liability is funded as per group gratuity scheme of Life Insurance Corporation of India.

c) Gratuity and leave encashment are provided for on the basis of actuarial valuation as at the year end.

l. Income Taxes

Provision for current tax is made on the basis of relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act,1961. The deferred tax for timing differences between the book and tax profits for the year is accounted for, using the tax rates and laws that have been substantively enacted as of the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets arising from timing differences are recognized to the extent there is virtual / reasonable certainty that these would be realized in future.

m. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

A provision is made based on a reliable estimate when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle an obligation. Contingent liabilities, if material are disclosed by way of notes to accounts. Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.

n. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank, cash in hand and short- term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.


Mar 31, 2010

I. General

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention, on the basis of a going concern and as per applicable Indian Accounting Standards. The Company follows mercantile system of accounting and recognises income and expenditure on accrual basis.

ii. Revenue Recognition

i. Income from sale of goods is recognised upon transfer of significant risk and rewards of ownership of the goods to the customer which generally coincides with delivery and acceptance of the goods sold.

ii. Interest income is recognised on accrual basis.

iii. Claims which are not of material nature / Insurance Claim etc. are accounted for when no significant uncertainties are attached to their eventual receipt.

iv. Dividend is accounted on cash basis.

iii. Fixed Assets, Depreciation and Impairment Loss

a. Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction, reduced by accumulated depreciation.

b. Preoperative expenditure during construction period / trial run : Direct expenses as well as clearly identifiable indirect expenses incurred on the projects during the period of construction are capitalised alongwith the respective assets.

c. The Company provides depreciation as under :

1. For assets acquired upto 30th June 1987, on Straight Line Method (SLM) basis.

2. For assets acquired after 30th June 1987 and before 31st March 1993, on SLM basis at rates specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.

3. For assets acquired after 31st March 1993, on SLM basis as per new rates prescribed under Schedule XIV vide notification no. GSR 756 (E) dated 16th December 1993 issued by the Department of Company Affairs.

4. For assets costing Rs 5000 or less, depreciation is provided fully.

5. For additions made during the year, depreciation is provided on pro-rata basis

6. The Goodwill acquired by the Company is amortised over a period of 5 years on SLM basis.

7. The Copyrights, Trademarks, Technical Knowhow, etc. acquired by the Company are amortised over a period of 10 years on SLM basis.

d. In case, the recoverable amount of the fixed assets is lower than its carrying amount, provision is made for the impairment loss.

iv. Method of Valuation of Inventories

a. Raw Materials and Packing materials are valued at cost on weighted average basis.

b. Finished goods, including traded goods and work in process are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost (arrived at on weighted average) for this purpose includes direct materials, direct labour, excise duty and appropriate overheads including freight costs upto the ports in respect of finished goods meant for exports.

c. Consumable stores and spares are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value, as estimated by the management.

d. Obsolete, defective, unserviceable and slow / non-moving stocks are duly provided for.

v. Research and Development Expenditure

a. Capital Expenditure is shown separately in Fixed Assets.

b. Revenue expenses including depreciation, except expenditure specifically shown, is charged to respective heads of accounts.

vi. Investments

a. Long Term Investments are stated at cost. In case there is a diminution of permanent nature in value of Investments (other than long term strategic investment), the same is provided for.

b. i. Quoted current investments are stated at the lower of cost and market value.

ii. Unquoted current investments are stated at the lower of cost and fair value where available.

c. In case of subsidiaries, investments are valued at cost. vii. Retirement Benefits

a. Contribution to Provident, Superannuation and Family Pension funds are funded as a percentage of salary/ wages.

b. Gratuity liability is funded as per group gratuity scheme of Life Insurance Corporation of India.

c. Leave encashment liability is provided for on the basis of actuarial valuation as at the year end. viii. Transactions in foreign currencies

a. Transactions are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of transaction.

b. Foreign currency designated assets and liabilities are restated at the year end rates and the resultant gain or loss is taken to Profit and Loss Account except in respect of fixed Assets which is being capitalised (Refer Note 10 of Schedule 12)

ix. Income Tax

Provision for current tax is made on the basis of relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act,1961. The deferred tax for timing differences between the book and tax profits for the year is accounted for, using the tax rates and laws that have been substantively enacted as of the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets arising from timing differences are recognised to the extent there is virtual / reasonable certainty that these would be realised in future.

x. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

A provision is made based on a reliable estimate when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle an obligation. Contingent liabilities, if material are disclosed by way of notes to accounts. Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial statements.

2. The Company did not have any time during the year amount due to small and medium enterprises (SME) which is outstanding for more than 45 days. Further no interest is paid / payable to such SME creditors. The above information and that given in Schedule 8 “Current Liabilities and Provisions”regarding small and medium enterprises has been determined to the extent such parties have been identified on the basis of information available with the Company.

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