Mar 31, 2023
significant accounting policies
a) Basis of preparation of financial statements
i. Statement of compliance
The standalone financial statements (''financial
statements'') of the Company for the year
ended March 31, 2023 have been prepared
in accordance with Indian Accounting
Standards (''Ind AS'') as prescribed under
Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (''the
Act'') read together with the Companies
(Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015, as
amended.
The financial statements are presented
in Indian Rupees (Rs.) (its functional and
presentation currency) and all values are
rounded off to the nearest millions, except
where otherwise indicated.
ii. Historical cost convention
The financial statements have been prepared
on the historical cost basis, except for certain
financial assets and financial liabilities that are
measured at fair value or amortised cost.
iii. Going concern assumption
The Company has incurred a net loss (after
other comprehensive income) of Rs. 15,031.25
million for the year ended March 31, 2023, and
as of that date, the Company has negative
retained earnings of Rs. 74,156.90 million and
negative net worth of Rs. 32,316.07 million.
The negative retained earnings have been
primarily driven by adjustments on account of
implementation of Ind AS 116 during financial
year 2019-20, adverse foreign exchange rates,
fuel prices, pricing pressures, other business
factors and the impact of Covid-19 in last few
years, whose effects have also impacted the
standalone financial statement for the year
ended March 31, 2023.
On account of its operational and financial
position, and the impact of the Covid-19
pandemic in earlier periods, the Company
has deferred payments to various parties,
including lessors and other vendors and
its dues to statutory authorities. Where
determinable, the Company has accrued for
additional liabilities, if any, on such delays in
accordance with contractual terms/applicable
laws and regulations and based on necessary
estimates and assumptions. Additionally, the
Company has also accounted for liabilities
arising out of various litigation settlements.
However, it is not practically possible to
determine the amount of all such costs or
any penalties or other similar consequences
resulting from contractual or regulatory non¬
compliances. The management is confident
that they will be able to negotiate further
settlements in order to minimize/avoid any
or further penalties. Further, the Company
continues to defend itself in certain litigations
at various Appellate/Judicial levels including
matters summarised in Note 48 and 50.
The Company continues to implement
various measures such as return to service
of its grounded fleet, enhancing customer
experience, improving selling and distribution,
revenue management, fleet rationalization,
optimizing aircraft utilization, redeployment of
capacity in key focus markets, management and
employee compensation revision, renegotiation
of contracts and other costs control measures,
to help the Company establish consistent
profitable operations and cash flows in the
future.
With increase in passenger operation and
yields, the Company has earned revenue from
passenger business of Rs. 77,859.31 million for
the year ended March 31, 2023 as compared
to Rs. 43,050.54 million for the year ended
March 31, 2022. Till December 31, 2022, the
Company had received funds aggregating to
Rs. 2,109.80 million under Emergency Credit
Line Guarantee Scheme (''ECLGS'') scheme.
The Company has further received Rs. 913.20
million under ECLGS scheme during the
quarter ended March 31, 2023. Subsequent
to year-end, the Company received
disbursement of additional funds aggregating
to Rs. 5,412.96 million as eligible under ECLGS
scheme and the Company has also initiated
the process for issue of fresh equity shares/
equity warrants to the promoter group for
value aggregating to Rs. 5,000 million and
is further considering raising of fresh capital
through issue of eligible securities to qualified
institutional buyer, in accordance with
applicable law. The part of above proceeds
will be used in maintenance of its grounded
fleet for getting these aircrafts return to
service which will lead to additional revenue.
Additionally, the Company is in process of
seeking shareholder approval to issue equity
shares to one of the large lessor against
some of its outstanding dues. Based on the
foregoing and its effect on business plans
and cash flow projections, the management is
of the view that the Company will be able to
achieve profitable operations and raise funds
as necessary, in order to meet its liabilities as
they fall due. Accordingly, these standalone
financial statements have been prepared on
the basis that the Company will continue as a
going concern for the foreseeable future. The
auditors have included ''Material Uncertainty
Related to Going Concern'' paragraph in their
audit report in this regard.
iv. Critical accounting estimates and judgements
In preparing these financial statements,
the management has made judgements,
estimates and assumptions that affect the
application of accounting policies and the
reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income
and expenses. Actual results may differ from
these estimates.
Estimates and underlying assumptions are
reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions
to accounting estimates are recognised
prospectively.
Information about significant areas of
estimation/uncertainty and judgements in
applying accounting policies that have the
most significant effect on the standalone
financial statements are as follows:
Note 2(A) (h)(iii) and 45 - estimates required
for employee benefits.
Note 2(A) (k) - estimates/judgement required
for leases.
Note 2(A) (c) and (d) - measurement of useful
life and residual values of property, plant and
equipment and intangible assets.
Note 2(A) (l) and (p) - estimation of provision
of maintenance.
Note 2(A) (e) and (q) - estimates/judgement
required in impairment assessment.
Note 2(A) (i) - judgement required to
determine probability of recognition of
deferred tax assets.
Note 2(A) (k)(i) - estimation of provision for
aircraft redelivery.
Note 2(A) (w) - judgment relation to
contingent liabilities.
Note 2(A) (u) - estimates/judgement required
to determine grant date fair value of stock
options.
b) Current versus non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in
the balance sheet based on current/non-current
classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
⢠Expected to be realised or consumed in
normal operating cycle;
⢠Held primarily for the purpose of trading;
⢠Expected to be realised within twelve months
after the reporting period; or
⢠Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from
being exchanged or used to settle a liability
for at least twelve months after the reporting
period.
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
⢠It is expected to be settled in normal operating
cycle;
⢠It is held primarily for the purpose of trading;
⢠It is due to be settled within twelve months
after the reporting period; or
⢠There is no unconditional right to defer the
settlement of the liability for at least twelve
months after the reporting period.
The Company classifies all other liabilities as non¬
current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as
non-current assets and liabilities.
The Company has identified twelve months as its
operating cycle.
c) Property, plant and equipment
Recognition and measurement
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost
less accumulated depreciation and impairment
losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price
and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to
its working condition for its intended use. Any trade
discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at
the purchase price.
The cost of property, plant and equipment not
ready for intended use before such date is disclosed
under capital work-in-progress.
For depreciation purposes, the Company identifies
and determines cost of asset significant to the total
cost of the asset having useful life that is materially
different from that of the life of the principal
asset and depreciates them separately based on
their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major
inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the
carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a
replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied
and the same is depreciated based on their specific
useful lives. All other expenses on existing property,
plant and equipment, including day-to-day repair
and maintenance expenditure, are charged to the
statement of profit and loss for the year during
which such expenses are incurred.
The Company has opted to avail the exemption
under Ind AS 101 to continue the policy adopted for
accounting for exchange differences arising from
translation of long-term foreign currency monetary
items recognised in financial statements for the year
ended immediately before beginning of first Ind AS
financial reporting period as per Indian GAAP (i.e.,
till 31 March 2016). Consequent to which exchange
differences arising on long-term foreign currency
monetary items related to acquisition of certain
Q400 aircrafts are capitalized and depreciated over
the remaining useful life of the asset.
Depreciation
The Company, based on technical assessment and
management estimates, depreciates certain items
of property, plant and equipment over-estimated
useful lives which are different from the useful
life prescribed in Schedule II to the Act. The
management believes that these estimated useful
lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of
the period over which the assets are likely to be
used.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of
depreciation of property, plant and equipment are
reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted
prospectively, if appropriate.
The Company has used the following rates to
provide depreciation on its property, plant and
equipment.
d) Intangible assets
Recognition and measurement
Intangible assets (software) are stated at their cost
of acquisition. The cost comprises purchase price,
borrowing cost if capitalization criteria are met and
directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its
working condition for the intended use.
Depreciation
Costs incurred towards purchase of computer
software are amortised using the straight-line
method over a period based on management''s
estimate of useful lives of such software being in
the range of 2-6 years, or over the license period of
the software, whichever is shorter.
De-recognition
Intangible asset is de-recognised upon disposal or
when no future economic benefits are expected
from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising
on de-recognition of the asset (calculated as the
difference between the net disposal proceeds and
the carrying amount of the asset) is recognized in
the statement of profit and loss, when the asset is
derecognised.
e) Impairment of non-financial assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date
whether there is an indication that an asset may
be impaired. If any indication exists, the Company
estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An
asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an
asset''s or cash-generating units (''CGU'') fair value
less cost of disposal and its value in use. The
recoverable amount is determined for an individual
asset, unless the asset does not generate cash
inflows that are largely independent of those from
other assets. Where the carrying amount of an
asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the
asset is considered impaired and is written down to
its recoverable amount.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash
flows are discounted to their present value using a
pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market
assessments of the time value of money and the
risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value
less cost of disposal, recent market transactions
are taken into account, if available. If no such
transactions can be identified, an appropriate
valuation model is used.
The Company bases its impairment calculation
on detailed budgets and forecast calculations
which are prepared separately for each of the
cash-generating units to which the individual
assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast
calculations are generally covering a period as
relevant for asset or CGU tested for impairment.
To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods
covered by the most recent budgets/forecasts,
the Company extrapolates cash flow projections
in the budget using a growth rate for subsequent
years.
Impairment losses are recognized in the statement
of profit and loss. After impairment, depreciation/
amortization is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
An assessment is made at each reporting date as
to whether there is any indication that previously
recognized impairment losses may no longer exist
or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the
Company estimates the asset''s or cash-generating
unit''s recoverable amount. A previously recognized
impairment loss is reversed only if there has been
a change in the assumptions used to determine
the asset''s recoverable amount since the last
impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is
limited so that the carrying amount of the asset
does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor
exceed the carrying amount that would have been
determined, net of depreciation/amortization, had
no impairment loss been recognized for the asset
in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the
statement of profit and loss.
f) Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the
acquisition, construction or production of an asset
that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to
get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised
as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing
costs are expensed in the period in which they
occur.
Borrowing costs consist of interest and other
costs that an entity incurs in connection with the
borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes
exchange differences to the extent regarded as an
adjustment to the borrowing costs.
g) Revenue from contracts with customer
Revenue from contracts with customers is
recognised when control of the goods or services
are transferred to the customer (point in time
consideration) at an amount that reflects the
consideration to which the Company expects
to be entitled in exchange for those goods or
services. The Company has generally concluded
that it is the principal in its revenue arrangements
because it typically controls the goods or services
before transferring them to the customer. The
revenue is recognized net of amounts collected
on behalf of third parties. No significant element
of financing is deemed present as the sales are
either made with a nil credit term or with a credit
period of 0-90 days.
Rendering of services
Passenger revenues are recognised on flown basis
i.e. when the service is rendered and cargo revenue
is recognised when goods are transported i.e.
when the service is rendered. Amounts received in
advance towards travel bookings/reservations are
shown under other current liabilities as contract
liability. If the Company performs by transferring
services to a customer before the consideration is
due and billed, a contract asset is recognised for
the earned consideration.
When another party is involved in providing
services to its customer, the Company determines
whether it is a principal or an agent in these
transactions by evaluating the nature of its promise
to the customer. The Company is a principal and
records revenue on a gross basis if it controls the
promised services before providing them to the
customer. However, if the Company''s role is only to
arrange for another entity to provide the services,
then the Company is an agent and will need to
record revenue at the net amount that it retains
for its agency services.
The Company recognizes an expected breakage
amount as revenue in proportion to the pattern of
rights exercised by the customer. Breakage revenue
represents the amount of unexercised rights of
customers which are non-refundable in nature.
The unutilized balances in unearned revenue is
recognized as income based on past statistics, trends
and management estimates, after considering the
Company''s refund policy.
Fees charged for cancellations or any changes to
flight tickets and towards special service requests
are recognized as revenue on rendering of related
services.
Government grants
Grants from the government are recognised where
there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will
be received and the Company will comply with all
attached conditions. The grant which is revenue in
nature is recognised as other operating revenue on
a systematic basis over the period for which such
grant is entitled.
Other revenues
Income in respect of hiring/renting out of space
in premises and equipment is recognised at rates
agreed with the customers, as and when related
services are rendered.
Tours and packages
Income and related expense from sale of tours
and packages are recognised upon services being
rendered and where applicable, are stated net of
discounts and applicable taxes. The income and
expense are stated on gross basis. The sale of
tours and packages not yet serviced is credited to
unearned revenue, i.e., ''Contract liabilities'' disclosed
under other current liabilities.
Sale of food and beverages
Revenue from sale of food and beverages is
recognised when the goods are delivered or served
to the customer. Revenue from such sale is measured
at the consideration received or receivable, net of
returns and allowances, trade discounts and volume
rebates. Amounts received in advance towards
food and beverages are shown under other current
liabilities.
Training income
Revenue from training income is recognized
proportionately with the degree of completion of
services, based on management estimates of the
relative efforts as well as the period over which
related training activities are rendered.
Interest
Interest income is recorded using the effective
interest rate (''EIR''). EIR is the rate that exactly
discounts the estimated future cash payments
or receipts over the expected life of the financial
instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate,
to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset.
Interest income is included in finance income in the
statement of profit and loss.
h) Employee benefits
i. Short-term employee benefits
Liabilities for wages and salaries, including
non-monetary benefits that are expected to
be settled wholly within 12 months after the
end of the period in which the employees
render the related service are recognised in
respect of employees'' services up to the end
of the reporting period and are measured
at the amounts expected to be paid when
the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are
presented as current employee benefit
obligations in the balance sheet.
Accumulated leave, which is expected to be
utilized within the next 12 months, is treated
as short-term employee benefit. The Company
measures the expected cost of such absences
as the additional amount that it expects to pay
as a result of the unused entitlement that has
accumulated at the reporting date.
ii. Other long-term employee benefits
The Company also provides benefit of
compensated absences to its employees
which are in the nature of long-term
employee benefit plan. The Company
measures the expected cost of compensated
absences which are expected to be settled
within 12 months as an additional amount
that it expects to pay as a result of the
unused entitlement that has accumulated
at the reporting date. Liability in respect
of compensated absences becoming
due and expected to be carried forward
beyond twelve months are provided for
based on the actuarial valuation using the
projected unit credit method at the year-
end. Remeasurement gains/losses are
immediately taken to the statement of profit
and loss and are not deferred. The Company
presents the entire leave as a current liability
in the balance sheet, since it does not have
an unconditional right to defer its settlement
for 12 months after the reporting date.
iii. Post-employment benefits
The Company operates the following post¬
employment schemes:
a. Defined benefit plans - gratuity
The Company has unfunded gratuity as
defined benefit plan where the amount
that an employee will receive on retirement
is defined by reference to the employee''s
length of service and final salary. The
gratuity plan provides a lump sum payment
to vested employees at retirement,
death, incapacitation or termination of
employment, of an amount based on the
respective employee''s salary and the tenure
of employment. The Company''s liability is
actuarially determined (using the Projected
Unit Credit method) at the end of each year.
This is based on standard rates of inflation,
salary growth rate and mortality.
Discount factors are determined close to
each year-end by reference to market yields
on government bonds that have terms to
maturity approximating the terms of the
related liability. Service cost and net interest
expense on the Company''s defined benefit
plan is included in employee benefits expense.
Actuarial gains/losses resulting from
re-measurements of the defined
benefit obligation are included in other
comprehensive income.
b. Defined contribution plan - provident fund
Contribution towards provident fund is
made to the regulatory authorities, where
the Company has no further obligations.
The Company recognizes contribution paid
as an expense, when an employee renders
the related service.
i) Taxes
Current income tax
Current income tax assets and liabilities are
measured at the amount expected to be recovered
from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax
rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are
those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at
the reporting date.
Current income tax relating to items recognised
outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit
or loss (either in other comprehensive income or
in equity). Management periodically evaluates
positions taken in the tax returns with respect to
situations in which applicable tax regulations are
subject to interpretation and establishes provisions
where appropriate.
Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where
the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and
intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise
the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences
between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities
in the financial statements and the corresponding tax
bases used in the computation of taxable profit.
Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for
all deductible temporary differences to the extent
that it is probable that taxable profits will be
available against which those deductible temporary
differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets
and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary
difference arises from the initial recognition (other
than in a business combination) of assets and
liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the
taxable profit nor the accounting profit.
Deferred tax asset is recognised for the carry
forward of unused tax losses (including unabsorbed
depreciation) and unused tax credits to the extent
that it is probable that future taxable profit will be
available against which the unused tax losses and
unused tax credits can be utilised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is
reviewed at the end of each reporting period and
reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable
that sufficient taxable profits will be available to
allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the
tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when
the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on
tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or
substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred
tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss
is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other
comprehensive income or in equity).
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are
offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off
current tax assets against current tax liabilities and
the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity
and the same taxation authority.
j) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing
the net profit or loss for the year attributable to
equity shareholders by the weighted average number
of equity shares outstanding during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per
share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable
to equity shareholders and the weighted average
number of shares outstanding during the year are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential
equity shares.
k) Leases
The Company''s lease asset classes primarily
consist of leases for aircrafts, aircraft components
(including engines) and buildings. The Company
assesses at contract inception whether a contract is,
or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys
the right to control the use of an identified asset for
a period of time in exchange for consideration.
Company as a lessee
The Company applies a single recognition and
measurement approach for all leases, except
for short-term leases and leases of low-value
assets. The Company recognises lease liabilities
to make lease payments and right-of-use assets
representing the right to use the underlying assets.
i) Right of use assets
At the commencement date, the right of
use assets are measured at cost. The cost
includes an amount equal to the lease
liabilities plus any lease payments made
before the commencement date and any
initial direct costs, less any incentives received
from equipment manufacturer in terms of
the same lease. An estimate of costs to be
incurred in respect of redelivery obligation,
in accordance with the terms of the lease,
is also included in the right of use assets at
commencement date.
After the commencement date, the right of
use assets are measured in accordance with
the accounting policy for property, plant
and equipment i.e. right-of-use assets are
measured at cost, less any accumulated
depreciation and impairment losses, and
adjusted for any remeasurement of lease
liabilities. Right-of-use assets are depreciated
on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the
lease term and the estimated useful lives of
the assets, as follows:
Aircrafts - 1 to 12 years
Aircraft components - 1 to 10 years
Buildings - 2 to 10 years
If ownership of the leased asset transfers to
the Company at the end of the lease term or
the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase
option, depreciation is calculated using the
estimated useful life of the asset.
The right-of-use assets are also subject to
impairment. Refer to the accounting policy in
point (e) above on impairment of non-financial
assets.
ii) Lease liabilities
At the commencement date of the lease,
the Company recognises lease liabilities
measured at the present value of lease
payments to be made over the lease term.
The lease payments include fixed payments
(including in substance fixed payments) less
any lease incentives receivable, plus variable
lease payments that depend on an index or
a rate, and amounts expected to be paid
under residual value guarantees. The lease
payments also include the exercise price of
a purchase option reasonably certain to be
exercised by the Company and payments of
penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease
term reflects the Company exercising the
option to terminate. Variable lease payments
that do not depend on an index or a rate
are recognised as expenses in the period in
which the event or condition that triggers the
payment occurs.
In calculating the present value of lease
payments, the Company uses its incremental
borrowing rate at the lease commencement
date because the interest rate implicit in the
lease is not readily determinable. After the
commencement date, the amount of lease
liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion
of interest and reduced for the lease
payments made. In addition, the carrying
amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if
there is a modification, a change in the lease
term, a change in the lease payments (e.g.,
changes to future payments resulting from a
change in an index or rate used to determine
such lease payments) or a change in the
assessment of an option to purchase the
underlying asset.
iii) Lease term
At the commencement date, the Company
determines the lease term which represents
non-cancellable period of initial lease for which
the asset is expected to be used, together with
the periods covered by an option to extend
or terminate the lease, if the Company is
reasonably certain at the commencement date
to exercise the extension or termination option.
iv) Sale and leaseback transactions
Where sale proceeds received are judged
to reflect the aircraft''s fair value, any gain or
loss arising on disposal is recognised in the
income statement, to the extent that it relates
to the rights that have been transferred. Gains
and losses that relate to the rights that have
been retained are included in the carrying
amount of the right of use assets recognised
at commencement of the lease. Where sale
proceeds received are not at the aircraft''s fair
value, any below market terms are recognised
as a prepayment of lease payments, and above
market terms are recognised as additional
financing provided by the lessor.
v) Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets
The Company applies the short-term lease
recognition exemption to its short-term leases
of building and equipment (i.e., those leases
that have a lease term of 12 months or less from
the commencement date and do not contain
a purchase option). It also applies the lease
of low-value assets recognition exemption to
leases of office equipment that are considered
to be low value. Lease payments on short¬
term leases and leases of low-value assets are
recognised as expense on a straight-line basis
over the lease term or another systematic
basis which is more representative of the
pattern of use of underlying asset.
Company as a lessor
Leases in which the Company does not
transfer substantially all the risks and rewards
incidental to ownership of an asset are
classified as operating leases. Rental income
arising is accounted for on a straight-line
basis over the lease terms. Initial direct costs
incurred in negotiating and arranging an
operating lease are added to the carrying
amount of the leased asset and recognised
over the lease term on the same basis as rental
income. Contingent rents are recognised as
revenue in the period in which they are earned.
l) Supplementary rentals and aircraft repair and
maintenance
i) Supplementary rentals
The Company accrues monthly expenses in
the form of supplementary rentals which are
based on aircraft utilisation that is calculated
with reference to the number of hours or
cycles operated during each month. Accrual
of supplementary rentals are made for heavy
maintenance visits, engine overhaul and landing
gear overhaul for aircraft taken on lease.
ii) Aircraft repair and maintenance
Aircraft repairs and maintenance includes
additional accrual, beyond supplementary
rentals, for the estimated future costs of
engine maintenance checks. These accruals
are based on past trends for costs incurred
on such events, future expected utilization of
engine, condition of the engine and expected
maintenance interval and are recorded over the
period of the next expected maintenance visit.
Aircraft maintenance covered by third party
maintenance agreements, wherein the cost is
charged to the statement of profit and loss at
a contractual rate per hour in accordance with
the terms of the agreements. The Company
recognises aircraft repair and maintenance
cost (other than major inspection costs) in the
statement of profit and loss on incurred basis.
m) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet
comprise cash on hand and at banks and short¬
term deposits with an original maturity of three
months or less, which are subject to an insignificant
risk of changes in value.
For the purpose of statement of cash flow, cash and
cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term
deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank
overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of
the Company''s cash management.
n) Foreign currency transactions
The financial statements of the Company is
presented in Indian Rupees (Rs.) which is also the
Company''s functional and presentation currency.
Initial recognition
Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by
the Company are accounted at the exchange rates
prevailing on the date of the transaction or at the
average rates that closely approximate the rate at
the date of the transaction.
Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are translated
using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting
date. Non-monetary items which are measured in
terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign
currency are translated using the exchange rate at
the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items
which are carried at fair value denominated in a
foreign currency are translated using the exchange
rates that existed when the values were determined.
Exchange differences
Exchange differences arising on settlement or
translation of monetary items are recognised in
statement of profit and loss except to the extent
it is treated as an adjustment to borrowing costs.
o) Fair value measurement
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell
an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly
transaction between market participants at the
measurement date. The fair value measurement
is based on the presumption that the transaction
to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place
either:
⢠In the principal market for the asset or liability;
or
⢠In the absence of a principal market, in the
most advantageous market for the asset or
liability
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured
using the assumptions that market participants
would use when pricing the asset or liability,
assuming that market participants act in their best
economic interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset
considers a market participant''s ability to generate
economic benefits by using the asset in its highest
and best use or by selling it to another market
participant that would use the asset in its highest
and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are
appropriate in the circumstances and for which
sufficient data are available to measure fair value,
maximising the use of relevant observable inputs
and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is
measured or disclosed in the financial statements
are categorised within the fair value hierarchy,
described as follows, based on the lowest level input
that is significant to the fair value measurement as
a whole:
⢠Level 1 â Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in
active markets for identical assets or liabilities
⢠Level 2 â Valuation techniques for which the
lowest level input that is significant to the fair
value measurement is directly or indirectly
observable
⢠Level 3 â Valuation techniques for which the
lowest level input that is significant to the fair
value measurement is unobservable
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in
the financial statements on a recurring basis, the
Company determines whether transfers have
occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re¬
assessing categorisation (based on the lowest
level input that is significant to the fair value
measurement as a whole) at the end of each
reporting period.
Involvement of external valuers is decided upon
annually by the Company. At each reporting date,
the Company analyses the movements in the values
of assets and liabilities which are required to be
remeasured or re-assessed as per the accounting
policies. For this analysis, the Company verifies
the major inputs applied in the latest valuation
by agreeing the information in the valuation
computation to contracts and other relevant
documents.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the
Company has determined classes of assets and
liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics
and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the
fair value hierarchy as explained above.
p) Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Company has
a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a
result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow
of resources embodying economic benefits will
be required to settle the obligation and a reliable
estimate can be made of the amount of the
obligation.
If the effect of the time value of money is material,
provisions are discounted using a current pre¬
tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks
specific to the liability. These estimates are reviewed
at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the
current best estimates. The expense relating to a
provision is recognised in the statement of profit
and loss.
q) Financial instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives
rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial
liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets (except trade receivables) are
recognised initially at fair value plus transaction
costs that are attributable to the acquisition of
the financial asset. Transaction costs directly
attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or
financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
are recognised immediately in profit or loss.
Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial
assets are classified in four categories:
⢠Debt instruments at amortised cost;
⢠Debt instruments at fair value through other
comprehensive income (''FVTOCI'');
⢠Debt instruments and derivatives at fair value
through profit or loss (''FVTPL''); or
⢠Equity instruments at fair value through profit
or loss (''FVTPL'') or at fair value through other
comprehensive income (''FVTOCI'')
Debt instruments at amortised cost
A ''debt instrument'' is measured at the amortised
cost if both the following conditions are met:
a. The asset is held within a business model whose
objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual
cash flows; and
b. Contractual terms of the asset give rise on
specified dates to cash flows that are solely
payments of principal and interest (''SPPI'') on the
principal amount outstanding.
This category is the most relevant to the Company.
After initial measurement, such financial assets
are subsequently measured at amortised cost
using the effective interest rate (''EIR'') method.
Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account
any discount or premium on acquisition and fees
or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The
EIR amortisation is included in finance income in
the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising
from impairment are recognised in the statement of
profit and loss.
Debt instrument at FVTOCI
A ''debt instrument'' is classified as at the FVTOCI if
both of the following criteria are met:
a. The objective of the business model is
achieved both by collecting contractual cash
flows and selling the financial assets; and
b. The asset''s contractual cash flows represent
SPPI.
Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI
category are measured initially as well as at each
reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements
are recognized in the other comprehensive income
(''OCI''). However, the Company recognizes interest
income, impairment losses and reversals and foreign
exchange gain or loss in the statement of profit and
loss. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain
or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified
to statement of profit and loss. The Company does
not have any debt instrument as at FVTOCI.
Debt instrument at FVTPL
FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments.
Any debt instrument, which does not meet the
criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or
as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.
In addition, the Company may elect to designate a
debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized
cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However,
such election is allowed only if doing so reduces
or eliminates a measurement or recognition
inconsistency (referred to as ''accounting mismatch'').
The Company has not designated any debt
instrument as at FVTPL.
Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category
are measured at fair value with all changes recognized
in the statement of profit and loss. The Company
does not have any debt instrument at FVTPL.
Equity investments
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are
measured at fair value. Equity instruments which
are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL.
For all other equity instruments, the Company
decides to classify the same either as at FVTOCI or
FVTPL. The Company makes such election on an
instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification
is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.
If the Company decides to classify an equity
instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes
on the instrument, excluding dividends, are
recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the
amounts from OCI to statement of profit and loss,
even on sale of investment. However, the Company
may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within
equity.
Equity instruments included within the FVTPL
category are measured at fair value with all changes
recognized in the statement of profit and loss. The
Company has classified its investments in mutual
funds as investments at FVTPL and investments in
unquoted equity instruments as investments in OCI.
Derecognition
The Company derecognises a financial asset when
the contractual rights to the cash flows from the
asset expire, or when it transfers the financial
asset and substantially all the risks and rewards
of ownership of the asset to another party. If the
Company neither transfers nor retains substantially
all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues
to control the transferred asset, the Company
recognises its retained interest in the asset and an
associated liability for amounts it may have to pay.
If the Company retains substantially all the risks
and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial
asset, the Company continues to recognise the
financial asset and also recognises a collateralised
borrowing for the proceeds received.
On de-recognition of a financial asset in its entirety,
the difference between the asset''s carrying amount
and the sum of the consideration received and
receivable is recognised in the statement of profit
and loss.
Impairment of financial assets
The Company applies expected credit loss model
for recognising impairment loss on financial assets
measured at amortised cost.
The Company follows ''simplified approach'' for
recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade
receivables. The application of simplified approach
does not require the Company to track changes
in credit risk rather, it recognises impairment loss
allowance based on lifetime expected credit loss
(''ECL'') at each reporting date, right from its initial
recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on loans and
other financial assets, the Company determines
that whether there has been a significant increase
in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit
risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL
is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if
credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is
used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the
instrument improves such that there is no longer
a significant increase in credit risk since initial
recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising
impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.
Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting
from all possible default events over the expected
life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is
a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from
default events that are possible within 12 months
after the reporting date.
As a practical expedient, the Company uses a
provision matrix to determine impairment loss
allowance on portfolio of its trade receivables. The
provision matrix is based on its historically observed
default rates over the expected life of the trade
receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking
estimates. At every reporting date, the historical
observed default rates are updated and changes in
the forward-looking estimates are analysed.
Impairment loss allowance (or reversal) for the year
is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
Mar 31, 2022
1. Corporate information
SpiceJet Limited (''SpiceJet'' or ''the Company'') was incorporated on February 9, 1984 as a limited company under the Companies Act and is listed on the BSE Limited (''BSE''). The Company is principally engaged in the business of providing air transport services for the carriage of passengers and cargo. The Company is a low-cost carrier (''LCC'') operating under the brand name of ''SpiceJet'' in India since May 23, 2005. The Company has a reasonable fleet size operating across various routes in India and abroad as at March 31, 2022. The registered office of the Company is located at Indira Gandhi International Airport, Terminal 1D, New Delhi - 110037
The standalone financial statements were approved for issue by the board of directors on August 31, 2022.
2. A. Summary of significant accounting
policies
a) Basis of preparation of financial statements
i. Statement of compliance
The standalone financial statements (''financial statements'') of the Company for the year ended March 31, 2022 have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (''Ind AS'') as prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (''the Act'') read together with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015, as amended.
The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees ('') (its functional and presentation currency) and all values are rounded off to the nearest millions, except where otherwise indicated.
ii. Historical cost convention
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for certain financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value or amortised cost.
iii. Going concern assumption
The Company has incurred a net loss (after other comprehensive income) of ''17,219.02 million for the year ended March 31, 2022, and as of that date, the Company has negative retained earnings of ''59,076.58 million and negative net worth of ''42,884.32 million. The negative retained earnings have been primarily driven by adjustments on account of implementation of Ind AS 116 during financial year 2019-20, adverse foreign exchange rates, fuel prices, pricing pressures, other business factors and the impact of Covid-19, whose
effects have continued to have an impact on the financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2022.
On account of its operational and financial position, and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, the Company has deferred payments to various parties, including lessors and other vendors and its dues to statutory authorities. Where determinable, the Company has accrued for additional liabilities, if any, on such delays in accordance with contractual terms/applicable laws and regulations and based on necessary estimates and assumptions. Additionally, the Company has also accounted for liabilities arising out of various litigation settlements. The impact arising out of event mentioned in note 63 has also been considered by the management in its evaluation. However, it is not practically possible to determine the amount of all such costs or any penalties or other similar consequences resulting from contractual or regulatory non-compliances. The management is confident that they will be able to negotiate settlements in order to minimize/avoid any or further penalties. In view of the foregoing, no amounts of such penalties have been recorded in these financial statements.
The Company continues to implement various measures such as enhancing customer experience, improving selling and distribution, revenue management, fleet rationalization, optimizing aircraft utilization, redeployment of capacity in key focus markets, management and employee compensation revision, renegotiation of contracts and other costs control measures, to help the Company establish consistent profitable operations and cash flows in the future.
With increase in freighter operation and yields, the Company has earned revenue of ''19,436.10 million for the year ended March 31, 2022 as compared to ''11,175.39 million for the year ended March 31, 2021. The Company has earned revenue from passenger business of ''46,340.40 million for the year ended March 31, 2022 as compared to ''40,494.38 million for the year ended March 31, 2021. During the year ended March 31, 2022, the Company has been able to raise an amount of ''1,470.00 million, under Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (''ECLGS'') scheme. Further, the Company is in continuous discussions with banks/financial institution to raise additional funds under ECLGS 3.0 (extension) scheme and such discussions
are in very advance stage. The Board of Directors has also approved raising of fresh capital through issue of eligible securities in accordance with applicable law. Based on the foregoing and its effect on business plans and cash flow projections, the management is of the view that the Company will be able to achieve positive cash flow from operations and raise funds as necessary, in order to meet its liabilities as they fall due. These conditions indicate the existence of uncertainty that may create doubt about the Company''s ability to continue as a going concern. However, based on the factors mentioned in this note including re-negotiation of payment terms to various parties, the management is of the view that the going concern basis of accounting is appropriate. The auditors have included ''Material Uncertainty Related to Going Concern'' paragraph in their audit report.
iv. Critical accounting estimates and judgements
In preparing these financial statements, management has made judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively.
Information about significant areas of estimation/uncertainty and judgements in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the standalone financial statements are as follows:
Note 2(A) (h)(iii)(a) and 44 - measurement of defined benefit obligations: key actuarial assumptions.
Note 2(A) (k)(ii) - judgement required for leases.
Note 2(A) (c) and (d) - measurement of useful life and residual values of property, plant and equipment and useful life of intangible assets.
Note 2(A) (l) and (p) - estimation of provision of maintenance.
Note 2(A) (q) - judgement required in impairment assessment.
Note 2(A) (i) - judgement required to determine probability of recognition of deferred tax assets.
Note 2(A) (k)(i) - estimation of provision for aircraft redelivery.
Note 2(A) (w) - judgment relation to
contingent liabilities.
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
⢠Expected to be realised or consumed in normal operating cycle;
⢠Held primarily for the purpose of trading;
⢠Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period; or
⢠Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
⢠It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle;
⢠It is held primarily for the purpose of trading;
⢠It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period; or
⢠There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
The Company classifies all other liabilities as noncurrent.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
Recognition and measurement
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.
The cost of property, plant and equipment not ready for intended use before such date is disclosed under capital work-in-progress.
For depreciation purposes, the Company identifies and determines cost of asset significant to the total
cost of the asset having useful life that is materially different from that of the life of the principal asset and depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied and the same is depreciated based on their specific useful lives. All other expenses on existing property, plant and equipment, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the year during which such expenses are incurred.
The Company has opted to avail the exemption under Ind AS 101 to continue the policy adopted for accounting for exchange differences arising from translation of long-term foreign currency monetary items recognised in financial statements for the year ended immediately before beginning of first Ind AS financial reporting period as per Indian GAAP (i.e., till 31 March 2016). Consequent to which exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items related to acquisition of certain Bombardier Q400 aircraft are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset.
Depreciation
The Company, based on technical assessment made by experts and management estimates, depreciates certain items of property, plant and equipment over-estimated useful lives which are different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Act. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
The Company has used the following rates to provide depreciation on its property, plant and equipment.
Asset description |
Useful life estimated by the management (years) |
Plant and equipment |
15 |
Rotable and tools |
20 |
Office equipment |
5 |
Computers |
3 - 6 |
Furniture and fixtures |
10 |
Asset description |
Useful life estimated by the management (years) |
Motor vehicles |
8 |
Leasehold improvements |
Over the period of lease |
Aircraft, engines and landing gear (excluding cost of major inspection) |
8 - 20 |
Cost of major inspection |
Over the expected period from current shop visit to next shop visit |
Derecognition
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of property, plant and equipment are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.
Recognition and measurement
Intangible assets (software) are stated at their cost of acquisition. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing cost if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.
Depreciation
Costs incurred towards purchase of computer software are amortised using the straight-line method over a period based on management''s estimate of useful lives of such software being 2/3 years, or over the license period of the software, whichever is shorter.
De-recognition
Intangible asset is de-recognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de-recognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is recognized in the statement of profit and loss, when the asset is derecognised.
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An
asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating units (''CGU'') fair value less cost of disposal and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less cost of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.
The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the cashgenerating units to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations are generally covering a period as relevant for asset or CGU tested for impairment. To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods covered by the most recent budgets/forecasts, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a growth rate for subsequent years.
Impairment losses are recognized in the statement of profit and loss. After impairment, depreciation/ amortization is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or cash-generating unit''s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation/amortization, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset
that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur.
Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company has generally concluded that it is the principal in its revenue arrangements, except for the agency services explained below, because it typically controls the goods or services before transferring them to the customer. The revenue is recognized net of amounts collected on behalf of third parties.
Rendering of services
Passenger revenues and cargo revenues are recognised on flown basis i.e. when the service is rendered. Amounts received in advance towards travel bookings/reservations are shown under other current liabilities as contract liability.
When another party is involved in providing services to its customer, the Company determines whether it is a principal or an agent in these transactions by evaluating the nature of its promise to the customer. The Company is a principal and records revenue on a gross basis if it controls the promised services before providing them to the customer. However, if the Company''s role is only to arrange for another entity to provide the services, then the Company is an agent and will need to record revenue at the net amount that it retains for its agency services.
The Company recognizes an expected breakage amount as revenue in proportion to the pattern of rights exercised by the customer. Breakage revenue represents the amount of unexercised rights of customers which are non-refundable in nature.
The unutilized balances in unearned revenue is recognized as income based on past statistics, trends and management estimates, after considering the Company''s refund policy.
Fees charged for cancellations or any changes to flight tickets and towards special service requests are recognized as revenue on rendering of related
services.
Government grants
Grants from the government are recognised where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and the Company will comply with all attached conditions. The grant which is revenue in nature is recognised as other operating revenue on a systematic basis over the period for which such grant is entitled.
Other revenues
Income in respect of hiring/renting out of space in premises and equipment is recognised at rates agreed with the customers, as and when related services are rendered.
Contract assets
A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring services to a customer before the consideration is due and billed, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration.
Sale of food and beverages
Revenue from sale of food and beverages is recognised when the goods are delivered or served to the customer. Revenue from such sale is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade discounts and volume rebates. Amounts received in advance towards food and beverages are shown under other current liabilities as unearned revenue.
Training income
Revenue from training income is recognized proportionately with the degree of completion of services, based on management estimates of the relative efforts as well as the period over which related training activities are rendered.
Interest
Interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (''EIR''). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset. Interest income is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss.
i. Short-term employee benefits
Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to
be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees'' services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.
Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.
ii. Other long-term employee benefits
The Company also provides benefit of compensated absences to its employees which are in the nature of long-term employee benefit plan. The Company measures the expected cost of compensated absences which are expected to be settled within 12 months as an additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date. Liability in respect of compensated absences becoming due and expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Remeasurement gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the entire leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date.
iii. Post-employment benefits
The Company operates the following postemployment schemes:
a. Defined benefit plans - gratuity
The Company has unfunded gratuity as defined benefit plan where the amount that an employee will receive on retirement is defined by reference to the employee''s length of service and final salary. The gratuity plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee''s salary and the tenure of employment. The Company''s liability is actuarially determined (using the Projected
Unit Credit method) at the end of each year. This is based on standard rates of inflation, salary growth rate and mortality.
Discount factors are determined close to each year-end by reference to market yields on government bonds that have terms to maturity approximating the terms of the related liability. Service cost and net interest expense on the Company''s defined benefit plan is included in employee benefits expense.
Actuarial gains/losses resulting from re-measurements of the defined benefit obligation are included in other comprehensive income.
b. Defined contribution plan - provident fund
Contribution towards provident fund is made to the regulatory authorities, where the Company has no further obligations. The Company recognizes contribution paid as an expense, when an employee renders the related service.
Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.
Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit.
Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent
that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.
Deferred tax asset is recognised for the carry forward of unused tax losses and unused tax credits to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the unused tax losses and unused tax credits can be utilised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity).
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
The Company''s lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for aircrafts, aircraft components (including engines) and buildings. The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.
At the commencement date, the right of use assets are measured at cost. The cost includes an amount equal to the lease liabilities plus any lease payments made before the commencement date and any initial direct costs, less any incentives received from equipment manufacturer in terms of the same lease. An estimate of costs to be incurred in respect of redelivery obligation, in accordance with the terms of the lease, is also included in the right of use assets at commencement date.
After the commencement date, the right of use assets are measured in accordance with the accounting policy for property, plant and equipment i.e. right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows:
Aircrafts - 1 to 12 years
Aircraft components - 1 to 10 years
Buildings - 2 to 10 years
If ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Company at the end of the lease term or the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset.
The right-of-use assets are also subject to impairment. Refer to the accounting policy in point (e)above on impairment of non-financial assets.
At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, plus variable lease payments that depend on an index or a
rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising the option to terminate. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as expenses in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.
In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset.
At the commencement date, the Company determines the lease term which represents non-cancellable period of initial lease for which the asset is expected to be used, together with the periods covered by an option to extend or terminate the lease, if the Company is reasonably certain at the commencement date to exercise the extension or termination option.
iv) Sale and leaseback transactions
Where sale proceeds received are judged to reflect the aircraft''s fair value, any gain or loss arising on disposal is recognised in the income statement, to the extent that it relates to the rights that have been transferred. Gains and losses that relate to the rights that have been retained are included in the carrying amount of the right of use assets recognised at commencement of the lease. Where sale proceeds received are not at the aircraft''s fair value, any below market terms are recognised as a prepayment of lease payments, and above market terms are recognised as additional financing provided by the lessor.
v) Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets
The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases
of building and equipment (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases of office equipment that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognised as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term or another systematic basis which is more representative of the pattern of use of underlying asset.
Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income arising is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned.
The Company accrues monthly expenses in the form of supplementary rentals which are based on aircraft utilisation that is calculated with reference to the number of hours or cycles operated during each month. Accrual of supplementary rentals are made for heavy maintenance visits, engine overhaul and landing gear overhaul for aircraft taken on lease.
Aircraft repairs and maintenance includes additional accrual, beyond supplementary rentals, for the estimated future costs of engine maintenance checks. These accruals are based on past trends for costs incurred on such events, future expected utilization of engine, condition of the engine and expected maintenance interval and are recorded over the period of the next expected maintenance visit.
The Company recognises aircraft repair and maintenance cost in the statement of profit and loss on incurred basis, except for aircraft maintenance covered by third party maintenance agreements, wherein a portion of the cost are charged to the statement of profit and loss at a contractual rate per hour in accordance with the terms of the agreements.
Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash on hand and at banks and shortterm deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
For the purpose of statement of cash flow, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management.
The financial statements of the Company is presented in Indian Rupees (?) which is also the Company''s functional and presentation currency.
Initial recognition
Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction or at the average rates that closely approximate the rate at the date of the transaction.
Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value denominated in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.
Exchange differences
Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in statement of profit and loss except to the extent it is treated as an adjustment to borrowing costs.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
⢠In the principal market for the asset or liability; or
⢠In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their best economic interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset considers a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
⢠Level 1 â Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
⢠Level 2 â Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable
⢠Level 3 â Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
Involvement of external valuers is decided upon annually by the Company. At each reporting date, the Company analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be remeasured or re-assessed as per the accounting policies. For this analysis, the Company verifies the major inputs applied in the latest valuation by agreeing the information in the valuation computation to contracts and other relevant documents.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. The expense relating to a provision is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in profit or loss.
Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
⢠Debt instruments at amortised cost;
⢠Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (''FVTOCI'');
⢠Debt instruments and derivatives at fair value through profit or loss (''FVTPL''); or
⢠Equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss (''FVTPL'') or at fair value through other comprehensive income (''FVTOCI'')
Debt instruments at amortised cost
A ''debt instrument'' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
a. The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows; and
b. Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (''SPPI'') on the principal amount outstanding.
This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (''EIR'') method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Debt instrument at FVTOCI
A ''debt instrument'' is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:
a. The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets; and
b. The asset''s contractual cash flows represent SPPI.
Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (''OCI''). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses and reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the statement of profit and loss. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified to statement of profit and loss. The Company does not have any debt instrument as at FVTOCI.
Debt instrument at FVTPL
FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.
In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ''accounting mismatch''). The Company has not designated any debt instrument as at FVTPL.
Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the statement of profit and loss. The Company does not have any debt instrument at FVTPL.
Equity investments
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which
are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company decides to classify the same either as at FVTOCI or FVTPL. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.
If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to statement of profit and loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.
Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the statement of profit and loss. The Company has classified its investments in mutual funds as investments at FVTPL and investments in unquoted equity instruments as investments in OCI.
Derecognition
The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.
On de-recognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the asset''s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Impairment of financial assets
The Company applies expected credit loss model for recognising impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortised cost.
The Company follows ''simplified approach'' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime expected credit loss (''ECL'') at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on loans and other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.
Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed.
Impairment loss allowance (or reversal) for the year is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of financial liabilities at amortized cost, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
Subsequent measurement
All financial liabilities (except derivatives and fair value liabilities) are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.
Derecognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
These are measured at cost in accordance with Ind AS 27 ''Separate Financial Statements''.
Inventories comprising expendable aircraft spares, miscellaneous stores and in-flight inventories which are valued at cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition and is determined on a weighted average basis. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
Cash incentives
The Company receives incentives from original equipment manufacturers (''OEMs'') of aircraft components in connection with acquisition of aircraft and engines. In case of owned aircraft, incentives are recorded as a reduction to the cost of related aircraft and engines. In case of aircraft held under leases, the incentives are recorded as reduction to the carrying amount of right to use assets at the commencement of lease of the respective aircraft.
Non-cash incentives
Non-cash incentives relating to aircraft are recorded as and when due to the Company by setting up a deferred asset and a corresponding
deferred incentive. These incentives are recorded as a reduction to the cost of related aircraft and engines in case of owned aircraft. In case of aircraft held under leases, the incentives are recorded as reduction to the carrying amount of right to use assets at the commencement of lease of the respective aircraft. The deferred asset explained above is reduced on the basis of utilization against purchase of goods and services.
Commission expense is recognized as an expense coinciding with the recognition of related revenues considering various estimates including applicable commission slabs, performance of individual agents with respect to their targets etc.
Employees (including senior executives) of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share-based payment transactions, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions). The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model.
That cost is recognised as employee benefits expense, together with a corresponding increase in stock options outstanding account in equity over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The statement of profit and loss expense (or reversal) for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognised in employee benefits expense.
When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the expense had the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value of equity-settled transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through statement of profit and loss.
v) Segment reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided
to the chief operating decision maker. The chief operating decision maker is considered to be the Board of Directors who makes strategic decisions and is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments.
w) Contingent liabilities and contingent assets
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of Company or present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.
Contingent assets are disclosed only when inflow of economic benefits therefrom is probable and recognize only when realization of income is virtually certain.
x) Measurement of earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (âEBITDA'')
The Company has elected to present EBITDA as a separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. The Company measures EBITDA on the basis of profit/(loss) from continuing operations. In its measurement, the Company does not include depreciation and amortization, finance income, finance costs and tax expense.
3. Changes in accounting policies/disclosures and recent accounting pronouncement
New and amended standards and other guidance applied
Covid-19 related rent concessions beyond June 30, 2021, amendment notified vide notification dated June 18, 2021
Further, the Company has also elected to apply another practical expedient whereby it has assessed all the rent concessions occurring as a direct consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic, basis the following conditions prescribed under the standard:
a) the change in lease payments results in revised consideration for the lease that is substantially the same as, or less than, the consideration for the lease immediately preceding the change;
b) any reduction in lease payments affects only payments originally due
Mar 31, 2018
a) Basis of preparation of financial statements
i. Compliance with Ind-AS
The standalone financial statements of the Company for the year ended March 31, 2018 have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015, read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) as amended.
The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (Rs.) (its functional currency) and all values are rounded off to the nearest millions, except where otherwise indicated.
ii. Historical Cost convention
The standalone financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value:
- Derivative financial instruments
- Certain financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments)
iii. Going concern assumption
The Company has been consistently profitable for the last three financial years, as a result of which the negative net worth has substantially improved, and is only Rs 429.70 million as at March 31, 2018. The Companyâs net current liabilities have also reduced by similar amounts. The earlier position of negative net worth and net current liabilities was the result of historical market factors.
As a result of various operational, commercial and financial measures implemented over the last three years, the Company has significantly improved its liquidity position, and generated operating cash flows during that period. In view of the foregoing, and having regard to industry outlook in the markets in which the Company operates, management is of the view that the Company will be able to maintain profitable operations and raise funds as necessary, in order to meet its liabilities as they fall due. Accordingly, these financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern for the foreseeable future.
b) Current versus non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
- Expected to be realised or consumed in normal operating cycle
- Held primarily for the purpose of trading
- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
c) Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.
The cost of property, plant and equipment not ready for intended use before such date is disclosed under capital work-in-progress.
For depreciation purposes, the Company identifies and determines cost of asset significant to the total cost of the asset having useful life that is materially different from that of the life of the principal asset and depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied and the same is depreciated based on their specific useful lives. All other expenses on existing property, plant and equipment, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of property, plant and equipment are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.
The Company has opted to avail the exemption under Ind AS 101 to continue the policy adopted for accounting for exchange differences arising from translation of long-term foreign currency monetary items recognised in financial statements for period ended immediately before beginning of first Ind AS financial reporting period as per Indian GAAP (i.e. till March 31, 2016). Consequent to which:
- Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items related to acquisition of certain Bombardier Q400 aircraft are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset.
- Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency monetary items are accumulated in the âForeign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Accountâ and amortized over the remaining life of the concerned monetary item.
Depreciation
The Company, based on technical assessment made by experts and management estimates, depreciates certain items of property, plant and equipment over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
The Company has used the following rates to provide depreciation on its property, plant and equipment.
In respect of aircraft and rotables and tools, had the Company applied the requirements of useful life and residual values specified under Schedule II of the Act as described above, the depreciation expense for the current year would have been lower by f 21.62 million (previous year Rs. 23.16 million).
The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value for all its Property, plant and equipment as recognised in its Indian GAAP financials as deemed cost as at the transition date (viz. April 01, 2015).
d) Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
Costs incurred towards purchase of computer software are amortised using the straight-line method over a period based on managementâs estimate of useful lives of such software being 2 / 3 years, or over the license period of the software, whichever is shorter.
e) Impairment of non-financial assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, the Company estimates the assetâs recoverable amount. An assetâs recoverable amount is the higher of an assetâs or cash-generating units (CGU) fair value less cost of disposal and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less cost of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.
The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the Companyâs cash-generating units to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations are generally covering a period of five years. For longer periods, a long term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year. To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods covered by the most recent budgets/forecasts, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the services, industries, or country or countries in which the entity operates, or for the market in which the asset is used.
Impairment losses including impairment on inventories, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss. After impairment, depreciation / amortization is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the assetâs or cash-generating unitâs recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the assetâs recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation / amortization, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
f) Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur.
Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
g) Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. The revenue is recognized net of VAT / Service tax / Goods and Service Tax (if any).
The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognised. Rendering of services
Passenger revenues and cargo revenues are recognised as and when transportation is provided i.e. when the service is rendered. Amounts received in advance towards travel bookings / reservations are shown under current liabilities as unearned revenue.
Fees charged for cancellations or any changes to flight tickets and towards special service requests are recognized as revenue on rendering of related services.
The unutilized balances in unearned revenue is recognized as income based on past statistics, trends and management estimates, after considering the Companyâs refund policy.
Revenue from wet lease of aircraft is recognised as follows:
a) The fixed rentals under the agreements are recognised on a straight line basis over the lease period.
b) The variable rentals in excess of the minimum guarantee hours are recognised based on actual utilisation of the aircraft during the period.
Income in respect of hiring / renting out of equipment and spare parts is recognised at rates agreed with the lessee, as and when related services are rendered.
Sale of food and beverages
Revenue from sale of food and beverages is recognised when the products are delivered or served to the customer. Revenue from such sale is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade discounts and volume rebates. Amounts received in advance towards food and beverages are shown under current liabilities as unearned revenue.
Training Income
Revenue from training income is recognized proportionately with the degree of completion of services, based on management estimates of the relative efforts as well as the period over which related training activities are rendered for individual employees by the Company.
Interest
Interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses. Interest income is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss.
h) Employee benefits
i. Short-term benefits
Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employeesâ services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.
Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as shortterm employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.
ii. Other long-term employee benefits
The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Remeasurement gains / losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the entire leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date.
iii. Post-employment benefits
The Company operates the following post-employment schemes:
a. Gratuity
Gratuity liability under the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 is a defined benefit obligation. The cost of providing benefits under this plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation at each year-end using the projected unit credit method.
Remeasurement, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement is not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.
Past service cost is recognised in profit or loss on the earlier of the date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and the date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs.
Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss:
- Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs and
- Net interest expense or income.
b. Retirement benefits
Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service.
i) Taxes Current income tax
Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.
Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit.
Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except:
a. When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss
b. In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future
Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.
Deferred tax asset is recognised for the carry forward of unused tax losses and unused tax credits to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the unused tax losses and unused tax credits can be utilised.
Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT credit as a deferred tax asset.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity).
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
j) Earnings Per Share (âEPSâ)
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
For the purpose of calculating Diluted EPS, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
k) Leases
The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.
Where the Company is a lessee
A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Finance leases are capitalised at the commencement of the lease at the inception date fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognised in finance costs in the statement of profit and loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalized in accordance with the Companyâs general policy on the borrowing costs (See note 2.f). Contingent rentals are recognised as expenses in the periods in which they are incurred.
Sale and lease back arrangements
Profit or loss on sale and lease back arrangements resulting in operating leases is recognized immediately in case the transaction is established at fair value. If the sale price is below fair value, any profit or loss is recognised immediately except that, if the loss is compensated by future lease payments at below market price, it is deferred and amortised in proportion to the lease payments over the period for which the asset is expected to be used. If the sale price is above fair value, the excess over the fair value is deferred and amortized over the period for which the asset is expected to be used.
The sale and lease back arrangements entered in by the Company which result in operating lease wherever applicable are as per the standard commercial terms prevalent in the industry. The Company does not have an option to buy back the engine / aircraft, nor does it have an option to renew or extend the lease after the expiry of the lease.
l) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Companyâs cash management.
m) Foreign currencies
The standalone financial statements of the Company is presented in Indian Rupees (Rs.) which is also the Companyâs functional currency.
Initial Recognition
Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction or at the average rates that closely approximate the rate at the date of the transaction.
Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value denominated in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.
Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in profit or loss except to the extent it is treated as an adjustment to borrowing costs.
n) Fair value measurement
The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
- In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their best economic interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participantâs ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
- Level 1 â Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
- Level 2 â Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable
- Level 3 â Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
Involvement of external valuers is decided upon annually by the Company. At each reporting date, the Company analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be remeasured or re-assessed as per the accounting policies. For this analysis, the Company verifies the major inputs applied in the latest valuation by agreeing the information in the valuation computation to contracts and other relevant documents. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes (Refer Note 48).
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above (Refer Note 49).
o) Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimated. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss.
p) Financial instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in profit or loss.
Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
- Debt instruments at amortised cost
- Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
- Debt instruments and derivatives at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
- Equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) or at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
Debt instruments at amortised cost
A âdebt instrumentâ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
a. The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and
b. Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.
This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the profit or loss.
Debt instrument at FVTOCI
A âdebt instrumentâ is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:
a. The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and
b. The assetâs contractual cash flows represent SPPI.
Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses & reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the P&L. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to P&L. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method. The Company does not have any debt instrument as at FVTOCI.
Debt instrument at FVTPL
FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.
In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as âaccounting mismatchâ). The Company has not designated any debt instrument as at FVTPL.
Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the P&L. The Company does not have any debt instrument at FVTPL.
Equity investments
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company decides to classify the same either as at FVTOCI or FVTPL. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.
If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to P&L, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.
Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the P&L. The Company has classified its investments in mutual funds as Investments at FVTPL.
Derecognition
The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.
On de-recognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the assetâs carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.
Impairment of financial assets
The Company applies expected credit loss model for recognising impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortised cost.
The Company follows âsimplified approachâ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.
Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed.
ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as expenses in the statement of profit and loss (P&L). This amount is reflected under the head âother expensesâ in the P&L.
Financial liabilities
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of financial liabilities at amortized cost, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
Subsequent measurement
All financial liabilities except derivatives are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.
Derecognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.
Derivative financial instruments
The Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure foreign currency risks.
Derivatives / forward contracts are initially recognised at fair value at the date the derivative / forward contracts are entered into and are subsequently remeasured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss immediately.
Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
Equity investment in Subsidiaries
Investment in subsidiaries are carried at cost in the separate financial statements as permitted under Ind-AS 27.
q) Inventories
Inventories comprising expendable aircraft spares and miscellaneous stores are valued at cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition and is determined on a weighted average basis.
r) Manufacturersâ incentives
Cash Incentives
The Company receives incentives from Original equipment manufacturers (âOEMâsâ) of aircraft components in connection with acquisition of aircraft under operating lease. These incentives are recognized as income coinciding with delivery of the related aircraft.
Non-cash Incentives
Non cash incentives relating to aircraft taken on finance lease are recorded as and when due to the Company by setting up a deferred asset and a corresponding incentive. These incentives are recognized under the head other operating revenue in the statement of profit and loss on a straight line basis over the remaining life of the aircraft. The deferred asset explained above is reduced on the basis of utilization against purchase of goods and services.
s) Commission to agents
Commission expense is recognized as an expense coinciding with the recognition of related revenues considering various estimates including applicable commission slabs, performance of individual agents with respect to their targets etc.
t) Share-based payments
Employees (including senior executives) of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share based payment transactions, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).
The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model.
That cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment (SBP) reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Companyâs best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The statement of profit and loss expense or credit for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognised in employee benefits expense.
Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Companyâs best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value. Any other conditions attached to an award, but without an associated service requirement, are considered to be non-vesting conditions. Non-vesting conditions are reflected in the fair value of an award and lead to an immediate expensing of an award unless there are also service and/or performance conditions.
No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest because non-market performance and/ or service conditions have not been met. Where awards include a market or non-vesting condition, the transactions are treated as vested irrespective of whether the market or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance and/or service conditions are satisfied. On forfeiture of stock options, amounts accumulated in share-based payment reserves are transferred to general reserve.
When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the expense had the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through profit or loss.
The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.
u) Segment reporting
Based on internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker, air transport service is the only operating segment for the Company.
v) Contingent liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of Company or present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.
w) Measurement of Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA)
The Company has elected to present EBITDA as a separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. The Company measures EBITDA on the basis of profit / (loss) from continuing operations. In its measurement, the Company does not include depreciation and amortization, finance income, finance costs and tax expense.
Mar 31, 2017
a) Basis of preparation of financial statements
i. Compliance with Ind-AS
The standalone financial statements of the Company for the year ended March 31, 2017 have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015, read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) as amended.
For all periods up to and including the year ended March 31, 2016 , the Company prepared its financial statements in accordance with accounting standards notified under the section 133 of the Companies Act 2013 (âActâ), read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 (Indian GAAP) as amended. These financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2017 are the first the Company has prepared in accordance with Ind AS. Refer to note 53 for information on how the Company adopted Ind AS.
The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (Rs. ) (its functional currency) and all values are rounded off to the nearest millions, except where otherwise indicated.
ii. Historical Cost convention
The standalone financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value:
- Derivative financial instruments
- Certain financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments)
iii. Going concern assumption
As at March 31, 2017, the Company has accumulated losses of Rs. 22,031.51 million against shareholdersâ funds of Rs. 15,940.58 million. As of that date, the Companyâs total liabilities exceed its total assets by Rs.6,090.93 million, as a result of historical market factors and the matter described in Note 44. These factors result in a material uncertainty that may cause significant doubt about the Companyâs ability to continue as a going concern.
As a result of various operational, commercial and financial measures implemented, the Company has significantly improved its liquidity position, and generated operating cash flows since the year ended March 2016. The Company has also earned profit after tax of Rs. 4,307.28 million for the year ended March 31, 2017. In view of the foregoing, and having regard to industry outlook and also managementâs current assessment of the outcomes of the matters stated in Note 44, management is of the view that the Company will be able to maintain profitable operations and raise funds as necessary, in order to meet its liabilities as they fall due. Accordingly, these financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern for the foreseeable future.
b) Current versus non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ noncurrent classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
- Expected to be realised or consumed in normal operating cycle
- Held primarily for the purpose of trading
- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
All other assets are classified as non-current. A liability is current when:
- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
c) Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.
The cost of property, plant and equipment not ready for intended use before such date is disclosed under capital work-in-progress.
For depreciation purposes, the Company identifies and determines cost of asset significant to the total cost of the asset having useful life that is materially different from that of the life of the principal asset and depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied and the same is depreciated based on their specific useful lives. All other expenses on existing property, plant and equipment, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of property, plant and equipment are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.
Depreciation
The Company, based on technical assessment made by experts and management estimates, depreciates certain items of property, plant and equipment over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
The Company has used the following rates to provide depreciation on its property, plant and equipment.
In respect of aircraft and rotables and tools, had the Company applied the requirements of useful life and residual values specified under Schedule II of the Act as described above, the depreciation expense for the current year would have been lower by Rs. 21.79 million (previous year Rs. 31.06 million).
The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value for all its Property, plant and equipment as recognised in its Indian GAAP financials as deemed cost as at the transition date (viz. April 01, 2015).
d) Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
Costs incurred towards purchase of computer software are amortised using the straight-line method over a period based on managementâs estimate of useful lives of such software being 2 / 3 years, or over the license period of the software, whichever is shorter.
The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value for all its Intangible assets as recognised in its Indian GAAP financials as deemed cost as at the transition date (viz. April 01, 2015).
e) Impairment of non-financial assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, the Company estimates the assetâs recoverable amount. An assetâs recoverable amount is the higher of an assetâs or cash-generating units (CGU) fair value less cost of disposal and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less cost of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.
The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the Companyâs cash-generating units to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations are generally covering a period of five years. For longer periods, a long term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year. To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods covered by the most recent budgets/ forecasts, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the services, industries, or country or countries in which the entity operates, or for the market in which the asset is used.
Impairment losses including impairment on inventories, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss. After impairment, depreciation / amortization is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the assetâs or cash-generating unitâs recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the assetâs recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation / amortization, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
f) Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur.
Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
g) Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. The revenue is recognized net of VAT / Service tax (if any).
The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognised.
Rendering of services
Passenger revenues and cargo revenues are recognised as and when transportation is provided i.e. when the service is rendered. Amounts received in advance towards travel bookings / reservations are shown under current liabilities as unearned revenue.
Fees charged for cancellations or any changes to flight tickets and towards special service requests are recognized as revenue on rendering of related services.
The unutilized balances in unearned revenue is recognized as income based on past statistics, trends and management estimates, after considering the Companyâs refund policy.
Revenue from wet lease of aircraft is recognised as follows:
a) The fixed rentals under the agreements are recognised on a straight line basis over the lease period.
b) The variable rentals in excess of the minimum guarantee hours are recognised based on actual utilisation of the aircraft during the period.
Income in respect of hiring / renting out of equipment and spare parts is recognised at rates agreed with the lessee, as and when related services are rendered.
Sale of food and beverages
Revenue from sale of food and beverages is recognised when the products are delivered or served to the customer. Revenue from such sale is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade discounts and volume rebates. Amounts received in advance towards food and beverages are shown under current liabilities as unearned revenue.
Training Income
Revenue from training income is recognized proportionately with the degree of completion of services, based on management estimates of the relative efforts as well as the period over which related training activities are rendered for individual employees by the Company.
Interest
Interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses. Interest income is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss.
h) Employee benefits
i. Short-term obligations
Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employeesâ services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.
Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.
ii. Other long-term employee benefit obligation
The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Remeasurement gains / losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the entire leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date.
iii. Post-employment obligations
The Company operates the following postemployment schemes:
a. Gratuity obligations
Gratuity liability under the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 is a defined benefit obligation. The cost of providing benefits under this plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation at each year-end using the projected unit credit method.
Remeasurement, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement is not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.
Past service cost is recognised in profit or loss on the earlier of the date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and the date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs.
Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss:
- Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs and
- Net interest expense or income.
b. Retirement benefits
Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service.
i) Taxes Current income tax
Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.
Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit.
Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except:
a. When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss
b. In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future
Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.
Deferred tax asset is recognised for the carry forward of unused tax losses and unused tax credits to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the unused tax losses and unused tax credits can be utilised.
Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT credit as a deferred tax asset.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity).
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
j) Earnings Per Share (âEPSâ)
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
For the purpose of calculating Diluted EPS, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
k) Leases
The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.
For arrangements entered into prior to 1 April 2015, the Company has determined whether the arrangement contain lease on the basis of facts and circumstances existing on the date of transition.
Where the Company is a lessee
A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Finance leases are capitalised at the commencement of the lease at the inception date fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability Finance charges are recognised in finance costs in the statement of profit and loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalized in accordance with the Companyâs general policy on the borrowing costs (See note 2.f). Contingent rentals are recognised as expenses in the periods in which they are incurred.
Sale and lease back arrangements
Profit or loss on sale and lease back arrangements resulting in operating leases is recognized immediately in case the transaction is established at fair value. If the sale price is below fair value, any profit or loss is recognised immediately except that, if the loss is compensated by future lease payments at below market price, it is deferred and amortised in proportion to the lease payments over the period for which the asset is expected to be used. If the sale price is above fair value, the excess over the fair value is deferred and amortized over the period for which the asset is expected to be used.
The sale and lease back arrangements entered in by the Company which result in operating lease wherever applicable are as per the standard commercial terms prevalent in the industry. The Company does not have an option to buy back the engine / aircraft, nor does it have an option to renew or extend the lease after the expiry of the lease.
l) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Companyâs cash management.
m) Foreign currencies
The standalone financial statements of the Company is presented in Indian Rupees (Rs.) which is also the Companyâs functional currency.
Initial Recognition
Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction or at the average rates that closely approximate the rate at the date of the transaction.
Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value denominated in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.
Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in profit or loss except to the extent it is treated as an adjustment to borrowing costs.
The Company has opted to avail the exemption under Ind AS 101 to continue the policy adopted for accounting for exchange differences arising from translation of longterm foreign currency monetary items recognised in financial statements for period ended immediately before beginning of first Ind AS financial reporting period as per Indian GAAP (i.e. till March 31, 2016) (Refer to note 53 for Ind AS 101 exemptions adopted). Consequent to which:
- Exchange differences arising on longterm foreign currency monetary items related to acquisition of certain Bombardier Q400 aircraft are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset.
- Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency monetary items are accumulated in the âForeign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Accountâ and amortized over the remaining life of the concerned monetary item.
n) Fair value measurement
The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
- In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their best economic interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participantâs ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
- Level 1 â Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
- Level 2 â Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable
- Level 3 â Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
Involvement of external valuers is decided upon annually by the Company. At each reporting date, the Company analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be remeasured or re-assessed as per the accounting policies. For this analysis, the Company verifies the major inputs applied in the latest valuation by agreeing the information in the valuation computation to contracts and other relevant documents. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes (Refer Note 48).
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above (Refer Note 49).
o) Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimated. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss.
p) Financial instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in profit or loss.
Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
- Debt instruments at amortised cost
- Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
- Debt instruments and derivatives at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
- Equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) or at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
Debt instruments at amortised cost
A âdebt instrumentâ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
a. The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and
b. Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.
This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the profit or loss.
Debt instrument at FVTOCI
A âdebt instrumentâ is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:
a. The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and
b. The assetâs contractual cash flows represent SPPI.
Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses & reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the P&L. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to P&L. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method. The Company does not have any debt instrument as at FVTOCI.
Debt instrument at FVTPL
FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.
In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as âaccounting mismatchâ). The Company has not designated any debt instrument as at FVTPL.
Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the P&L. The Company does not have any debt instrument at FVTPL.
Equity investments
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company decides to classify the same either as at FVTOCI or FVTPL. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.
If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to P&L, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.
Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the P&L. The Company has classified its investments in mutual funds as Investments at FVTPL.
Derecognition
The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.
On de-recognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the assetâs carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.
Impairment of financial assets
The Company applies expected credit loss model for recognising impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortised cost.
The Company follows âsimplified approachâ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL. Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed.
ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as expenses in the statement of profit and loss (P&L). This amount is reflected under the head âother expensesâ in the P&L.
Financial liabilities
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of financial liabilities at amortized cost, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
Subsequent measurement
All financial liabilities except derivatives are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.
Derecognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.
Derivative financial instruments
The Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure foreign currency risks.
Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value at the date the derivative contracts are entered into and are subsequently remeasured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss immediately.
Embedded derivatives
An embedded derivative is a component of a hybrid (combined) instrument that also includes a non-derivative host contract - with the effect that some of the cash flows of the combined instrument vary in a way similar to a stand-alone derivative. An embedded derivative causes some or all of the cash flows that otherwise would be required by the contract to be modified according to a specified interest rate, financial instrument price, commodity price, foreign exchange rate, index of prices or rates, credit rating or credit index, or other variable, provided in the case of a non-financial variable that the variable is not specific to a party to the contract. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cash flows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss.
If the hybrid contract contains a host that is a financial asset within the scope of Ind AS 109, the Company does not separate embedded derivatives. Rather, it applies the classification requirements contained in Ind AS 109 to the entire hybrid contract. Derivatives embedded in all other host contracts are accounted for as separate derivatives and recorded at fair value if their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the host contracts are not held for trading or designated at fair value though profit or loss. These embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss, unless designated as effective hedging instruments.
Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
Equity investment in Subsidiaries
Investment in subsidiaries are carried at cost in the separate financial statements as permitted under Ind-AS 27.
q) Inventories
Inventories are comprised of expendable aircraft spares and miscellaneous stores. Inventories have been valued at cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition and is determined on a weighted average basis.
r) Manufacturersâ incentives
Cash Incentives
The Company receives incentives from Original equipment manufacturers (âOEMâsâ) of aircraft components in connection with acquisition of aircraft under operating lease. These incentives are recognized as income coinciding with delivery of the related aircraft.
Non-cash Incentives
Non cash incentives relating to aircraft taken on finance lease are recorded as and when due to the Company by setting up a deferred asset and a corresponding incentive. These incentives are recognized under the head other operating revenue in the statement of profit and loss on a straight line basis over the remaining life of the aircraft. The deferred asset explained above is reduced on the basis of utilization against purchase of goods and services.
s) Commission to agents
Commission expense is recognized as an expense coinciding with the recognition of related revenues considering various estimates including applicable commission slabs, performance of individual agents with respect to their targets etc.
t) Share-based payments
Employees (including senior executives) of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share based payment transactions, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).
The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model.
That cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment (SBP) reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Companyâs best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The statement of profit and loss expense or credit for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognised in employee benefits expense.
Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Companyâs best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value. Any other conditions attached to an award, but without an associated service requirement, are considered to be nonvesting conditions. Non-vesting conditions are reflected in the fair value of an award and lead to an immediate expensing of an award unless there are also service and/or performance conditions.
No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest because non-market performance and/or service conditions have not been met. Where awards include a market or non-vesting condition, the transactions are treated as vested irrespective of whether the market or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance and/or service conditions are satisfied. On forfeiture of stock options, amounts accumulated in share-based payment reserves are transferred to general reserve.
When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the expense had the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through profit or loss.
The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.
The Company has availed the exemption under Ind AS 101 to not apply the requirements of Ind AS 102 for equity settled transactions that are vested as at the date of transition (April 01, 2015). Accordingly, only those options that are not vested as at the date of transition have been measured at fair value (if applicable).
u) Segment reporting
Based on internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker, air transport service is the only operating segment for the Company.
v) Contingent liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of Company or present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.
w) Measurement of Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA)
The Company has elected to present EBITDA as a separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. The Company measures EBITDA on the basis of profit / (loss) from continuing operations. In its measurement, the Company does not include depreciation and amortization, finance income, finance costs and tax expense.
Mar 31, 2016
(All amounts are in millions of Indian Rupees, unless otherwise stated)
1. Corporate Information
SpiceJet Limited (âSpiceJetâ or the âCompanyâ) was incorporated on February 9, 1984 as a limited Company under the Companies Act, 1956 and is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange Limited (âBSEâ). The Company is engaged principally in the business of providing air transport services for the carriage of passengers and cargo. The Company is a low cost carrier (âLCCâ) operating under the brand name of âSpiceJetâ in India since May 23, 2005. The Company operates a fleet of 42 aircraft including 7 aircraft taken on wet lease across various routes in India and abroad as at March 31, 2016.
Pursuant to the approval of the Ministry of Civil Aviation (âMoCAâ), for a âScheme of Reconstruction and Revival for the takeover of ownership, management and control of SpiceJet Limited by Mr. Ajay Singhâ (âthe Schemeâ) and a âShare Sale and Purchase Agreementâ (âSSPAâ) entered into amongst Mr. Kalanithi Maran and Kal Airways Private Limited (hereinafter, âErstwhile Promotersâ), the Company and Mr. Ajay Singh dated January 29, 2015, Mr. Ajay Singh has acquired the entire shareholding of the Erstwhile Promoters of 350,428,758 equity shares (58.46%) with effect from February 23, 2015. Pursuant to this change, Mr. Ajay Singh has been designated as the Companyâs promoter.
2. Summary of significant accounting policies
a) Basis of preparation of financial statements
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP). The Company has prepared these financial statements to comply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified under section 133 of the Companies Act 2013, read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014. The financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the historical cost convention. The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of financial statements are consistent with those of previous year, except for the change in accounting policy explained below.
As at March 31, 2016, the Company has accumulated losses of Rs. 28,036.03 million against shareholdersâ funds (including advance money received against securities to be issued) of Rs. 21,719.80 million. As of this date, the Companyâs total liabilities exceed its total assets by Rs. 6,316.23 million. Historically, the Companyâs operating results were materially affected by various factors, including high cost structure, significant depreciation in the value of the currency, and certain other adverse market conditions. On account of its operational and financial position, the Company had also delayed payments to various parties over the last two years. These factors have resulted in a material uncertainty that may cause significant doubt about the Companyâs ability to continue as a going concern.
Over the last five quarters, the Company has entered into settlement agreements with certain lessors and vendors in respect of past overdue payments, and also negotiated deferred payment plans with certain vendors for overdue amounts. The Company has discharged all overdue payments to statutory authorities during the current year. The Company continues to negotiate with vendors for settlements, improved commercial terms and better credit facilities, and is in the process of arranging additional working capital finance, as well as by way of trade financing, to improve its short-term liquidity position. The Company has also received funds as described in Note 4 (read with Note 44) during the previous financial year, in addition to generating operating cash flows for the year ended March 31, 2016. The Company continues to evaluate and explore various courses of action for raising funds for operations, including options for strategic funding. Having regard to recent operational profitability, management believes it will be in a better position to raise funds, as may be required.
The Company has earned profits of Rs. 4,071.99 million (after extraordinary items) for the year ended March 31,
2016, as a result of various measures that the Company has implemented and continues to implement, such as enhancing customer experience, improving selling and distribution, revenue management, fleet rationalization, optimizing aircraft utilization, redeployment of capacity in key focus markets, renegotiation of contracts and other cost control measures, to help the Company establish consistent profitable operations and cash flows. The Company is also exploring options to increase its aircraft fleet size over the subsequent fiscal year in order to enhance the scale and depth of its operations across strategic markets. These measures as well as improvement in the macroeconomic conditions for the airline industry in the markets in which the Company operates, such as the favorable changes in ATF prices, consistent improvement in capacity utilization and unit revenues, as well as enhancement in ancillary revenues through investments in cargo operations as well as providing additional value added services to customers, are expected to increase operational efficiency and achieve profitability.
In view of the foregoing, management is of the view that the Company will be able to raise funds as necessary to achieve profitable operations and meet its liabilities as they fall due. Accordingly, these financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern for the foreseeable future.
b) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on managementâs best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.
c) Tangible fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.
The Company adjusts exchange differences arising on translation / settlement of long term foreign currency monetary items pertaining to the acquisition of a depreciable asset to the cost of the asset and depreciates the same over remaining life of the asset. In accordance with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (âMCAâ) circular dated August 9, 2012, exchange differences adjusted to the cost of fixed assets are total differences, arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items pertaining to the acquisition of a depreciable asset, for the period. In other words, the Company does not differentiate between exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost and other exchange difference.
Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance. All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.
Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of fixed assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.
The cost of fixed assets not ready for intended use before such date is disclosed under capital work-in-progress.
The Company identifies and determines cost of asset significant to the total cost of the asset having useful life that is materially different from that of the life of the principal asset.
d) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets
Depreciation on fixed assets is calculated on a straight-line basis using the rates arrived at based on the useful lives estimated by the management. The identified components are depreciated over their useful lives; the remaining asset is depreciated over the life of the principal asset. The Company has used the following rates to provide depreciation on its fixed assets.
Leasehold improvements are amortized over the estimated useful lives or the remaining primary lease period, whichever is less. The average useful life of leasehold improvements is between 4 to 6 years.
The management has estimated, supported by independent assessment by professionals, the useful lives of the following classes of assets:
- The useful life of aircraft is estimated as 17.86 years, which is lower than indicated in schedule II, which prescribes a useful life of 20 years.
- Rotables and tools are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of 17.86 years which is higher than indicated in schedule II, which prescribes a useful life of 15 years.
The management believes that the depreciation rates currently used fairly reflect its estimate of the useful lives and residual values of fixed assets, though these rates in certain cases are different from the lives prescribed under Schedule II.
As a result of the adoption of useful lives prescribed in Schedule II for specified classes of assets, Rs. 24.40 million has been adjusted against reserves in respect of assets whose useful life has expired under Schedule II as on April 1, 2014 (also refer note 5).
In respect of aircraft and rotables and tools, had the Company applied the requirements of useful life and residual values specified under Schedule II of the Act as described above, the depreciation expense for the current year would have been lower by Rs. 70.47 million (previous year Rs.87.55 million).
e) Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life.
Costs incurred towards purchase of computer software are depreciated using the straight-line method over a period based on managementâs estimate of useful lives of such software being 2 / 3 years, or over the license period of the software, whichever is shorter.
f) Leases
Where the Company is a lessee
Leases where the lesser effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Sale and lease back arrangements
Profit or loss on sale and lease back arrangements resulting in operating leases is recognized immediately in case the transaction is established at fair value. If the sale price is below fair value, any profit or loss is recognized immediately except that, if the loss is compensated by future lease payments at below market price, it is deferred and amortized in proportion to the lease payments over the period for which the asset is expected to be used. If the sale price is above fair value, the excess over the fair value is deferred and amortized over the period for which the asset is expected to be used.
The sale and lease back arrangements entered into by the Company wherever applicable are as per the standard commercial terms prevalent in the industry. The Company does not have an option to buy back the aircraft, nor does it have an option to renew or extend the lease after the expiry of the lease.
g) Borrowing costs
Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur.
h) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the assetâs recoverable amount. An assetâs recoverable amount is the higher of an assetâs or cash-generating units (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.
The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the Companyâs cash-generating units to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations are generally covering a period of five years. For longer periods, a long term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.
Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the assetâs or cash-generating unitâs recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the assetâs recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
i) Investments
Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.
On initial recognition, all investments are measured at cost. The cost comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties.
Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.
On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.
j) Inventories
Inventories are comprised of expendable aircraft spares and miscellaneous stores. Inventories have been valued at cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes custom duty, taxes, freight and other charges, as applicable and is determined on a weighted average basis.
k) Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The revenue is recognized net of VAT / Service tax (if any). The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized:
Service Income
Passenger revenues and cargo revenues are recognized as and when transportation is provided i.e. when the service is rendered. Amounts received in advance towards travel bookings / reservations are shown under current liabilities as unearned revenue.
Fees charged for cancellations or any changes to flight tickets and towards special service requests are recognized as revenue on rendering of related services.
The unutilized balances in unearned revenue is recognized as income based on past statistics, trends and management estimates, after considering the Companyâs refund policy.
Revenue from wet lease of aircraft is recognized in accordance with the terms of agreements with customers.
Income in respect of hiring / renting out of equipment and spare parts is due on time proportion basis at rates agreed with the lessee. Due to significant uncertainties involved in realization, the income is recorded on settlement with the lessee or actual realization, whichever is earlier.
Sale of food and beverages
Revenue from sale of food and beverages is recognized when the products are sold to the customer. Amounts received in advance towards food and beverages are shown under current liabilities as unearned revenue.
Training Income
Revenue from training income is recognized on the basis of proportionate completion method where the revenue is recognized proportionately with the degree of completion of services, based on management estimates
Interest
Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
l) Manufacturersâ incentives
Cash Incentives
The Company receives incentives from Original equipment manufacturers (âOEMâsâ) of aircraft components in connection with acquisition of aircraft under operating lease. These incentives are recognized as income coinciding with delivery of the related aircraft.
Non-cash Incentives
Free of cost spare parts received in respect of purchase of aircraftâs are recorded at a nominal value.
Non cash incentives relating to aircraft taken on finance lease are recorded as and when due to the Company by setting up a deferred asset and a corresponding incentive. These incentives are recognized under the head, other income, in the statement of profit and loss on a straight line basis over the remaining life of the aircraft. The deferred asset explained above is reduced on the basis of utilization against purchase of goods and services.
m) Aircraft maintenance costs and engine repairs
Aircraft, Auxiliary Power Unit (âAPUâ) and Engine maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred. In cases where such overhaul or repair costs in respect of engines / APU / other rotables are covered by third party maintenance agreements, these are accounted in accordance therewith, along with adequate estimates.
n) Commission to agents
Commission expense is recognized as an expense based on terms agreed with agents coinciding with the recognition of related revenues.
o) Foreign currency translation
Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.
Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Nonmonetary items which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency if any, are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.
Exchange Differences
The Company accounts for exchange differences arising on translation/ settlement of foreign currency monetary items as below:
- Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items related to acquisition of a fixed asset are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset.
- Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency monetary items are accumulated in the âForeign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Accountâ and amortized over the remaining life of the concerned monetary item.
- All other exchange differences are recognized as income or as expenses in the period in which they arise Forward exchange contracts not intended for trading or speculation purposes
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contract is amortized and recognized as an expense / income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts, except the contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognized as income or as expense for the period.
The Company uses forward contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations relating to certain firm commitments and highly probable transactions. The use of forward contracts is governed by the Companyâs policies on the use of such financial derivatives consistent with the Companyâs risk management strategy. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Following the concept of âPrudenceâ as per AS 1, the Company records net mark-to-market losses, if any, in respect of forward exchange contracts entered to hedge a highly probable forecast transaction and firm commitments but, net mark-to-market gains are not recorded for such transactions.
p) Retirement and other employee benefits
Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as expenditure, when an employee renders the related service.
Gratuity liability under the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 is a defined benefit obligation. The cost of providing benefits under this plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation at each year-end. Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in full in the period in which they occur in the statement of profit and loss.
Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.
The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the entire leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date.
q) Income taxes
Tax expense comprises current and deferred income taxes. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India.
Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. As the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realized against future taxable profits.
At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax asset to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets.
Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as âMAT Credit Entitlement.â The Company reviews the âMAT credit entitlementâ asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.
r) Employee stock compensation cost
Employees (including senior executives) of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share based payment transactions, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).
In accordance with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Share Based Employee Benefits) Regulations,
2014 and the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, the cost of equity-settled transactions is measured using the intrinsic value method. The cumulative expense recognized for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Companyâs best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The expense or credit recognized in the statement of profit and loss for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognized as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognized in employee benefits expense.
Where the terms of an equity-settled transaction award are modified, the minimum expense recognized is the expense as if the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense is recognized for any modification that increases the total intrinsic value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification.
s) Segment reporting
The Company considers business segment as its primary segment. The Companyâs operations predominantly relate to air transportation and, accordingly, this is the only primary reportable segment.
The Company considers geographical segments as its secondary segments.
t) Earnings Per Share (âEPSâ)
Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted EPS, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
u) Provisions
A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of obligation. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate of amounts required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
Where the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognized as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to any provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.
v) Contingent liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of Company or present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.
w) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.
x) Measurement of Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA)
The Company has elected to present EBITDA as a separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. The Company measures EBITDA on the basis of profit / (loss) from continuing operations. In its measurement, the Company does not include depreciation and amortization, interest income, finance costs, tax expense and, where applicable, prior period items.
Mar 31, 2015
1. Corporate Information
SpiceJet Limited ('SpiceJet' or the 'Company') was incorporated on
February 9, 1984 as a limited Company under the Companies Act, 1956 and
is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange Limited ('BSE'). The Company is
engaged principally in the business of providing air transport services
for the carriage of passengers and cargo. The Company is a low cost
carrier ('LCC') operating under the brand name of 'SpiceJet' in India
since May 23, 2005. The Company operates a fleet of 32 aircraft across
various routes in India as at March 31, 2015. SpiceJet has also
obtained permission of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA)
to operate on selected routes outside India and commenced international
operations from October 2010.
During the current year, the Company has obtained the approval of the
Ministry of Civil Aviation ('MoCA'), for a "Scheme of Reconstruction
and Revival for the takeover of ownership, management and control of
SpiceJet Limited by Mr. Ajay Singh" ("the Scheme"). Pursuant to such
approval, a "Share Sale and Purchase Agreement" ("SSPA") dated January
29, 2015 was entered into amongst Mr. Kalanithi Maran and Kal Airways
Private Limited (hereinafter, "Outgoing Promoters"), the Company and
Mr. Ajay Singh, pursuant to which the Outgoing Promoters have sold and
transferred their entire shareholding of 350,428,758 equity shares
(58.46%) to Mr. Ajay Singh. Pursuant to this change, Mr. Ajay Singh has
been designated as the Company's promoter.
a) Basis of preparation of financial statements
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in
accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India
(Indian GAAP). The Company has prepared these financial statements to
comply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified
under section 133 of the Companies Act 2013, read together with
paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014. The financial
statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the
historical cost convention. The accounting policies adopted in the
preparation of financial statements are consistent with those of the
previous year.
The Company has incurred a loss of Rs. 6,870.54 million for the year
ended March 31, 2015, and has accumulated losses of Rs. 32,108.02
million against shareholders' funds of Rs. 19,462.82 million. As of
this date, the Company's total liabilities exceed its total assets by
Rs. 12,645.20 million. Historically the Company's operating results
have been materially affected by various factors, including high
aviation turbine fuel ("ATF") costs, significant depreciation in the
value of the currency, and pricing pressures. On account of its
operational and financial position, the Company had also delayed
payments to various parties, including vendors and its dues to
statutory authorities, over the last 12-18 months. These factors have
resulted in a material uncertainty that may cause significant doubt
about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.
In the last quarter of the current financial year, the Company has
entered into settlement agreements with certain lessors and vendors in
respect of past overdue payments, and also negotiated deferred payment
plans with certain vendors for overdue amounts as at March 31, 2015.
The Company has also significantly discharged its overdue obligations
to statutory authorities in the last quarter of the current financial
year. The Company continues to negotiate with vendors for improved
commercial terms and better credit facilities, and is confident of
negotiating settlements with parties to whom monies are owed. In view
of the foregoing, no further amounts of penalties on delayed payments
have been recorded in these financial statements. The Company is also
in the process of evaluating and exploring various courses of action
for raising funds for the Company's operations, including options for
strategic funding. In addition, as explained in the Note 1, Mr. Ajay
Singh has taken over as promoter of the Company. The Company has also
received advances from the Outgoing Promoters towards share warrants
and towards an option to subscribe to up to 3,750,000 CRPS, proposed to
be issued to them, subject to any necessary approvals (Also refer Note
4).
The Company continues to implement various measures such as enhancing
customer experience, improving selling and distribution, revenue
management, fleet rationalization, optimizing aircraft utilization,
redeployment of capacity in key focus markets, renegotiation of
contracts and other cost control measures, to help the Company
establish consistent profitable operations and cash flows in the
future. The Company is also exploring options to increase its aircraft
fleet size over the next financial year in order to enhance the scale
and depth of its operations across strategic markets. These measures as
well as improvement in the macroeconomic conditions for the airline
industry in the markets in which the Company operates, such as the
recent reduction in ATF prices, consistent improvement in capacity
utilization and unit revenues, as well as enhancement in ancillary
revenues, are expected to increase operational efficiency and achieve
profitability.
In view of the foregoing, management is of the view that the Company
will be able to raise funds as necessary to achieve profitable
operations and meet its liabilities they fall due. Accordingly, these
financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company
will continue as a going concern for the foreseeable future.
b) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and
liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of
the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on
management's best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty
about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes
requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or
liabilities in future periods.
c) Tangible fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any
attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for
its intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in
arriving at the purchase price.
The Company adjusts exchange differences arising on translation /
settlement of long term foreign currency monetary items pertaining to
the acquisition of a depreciable asset to the cost of the asset and
depreciates the same over remaining life of the asset.
The Company adjusts exchange differences arising on translation/
settlement of long-term foreign currency monetary items pertaining to
the acquisition of a depreciable asset to the cost of the asset and
depreciates the same over the remaining life of the asset. In
accordance with MCA circular dated August 9, 2012, exchange differences
adjusted to the cost of fixed assets are total differences, arising on
long-term foreign currency monetary items pertaining to the acquisition
of a depreciable asset, for the period. In other words, the company
does not differentiate between exchange differences arising from
foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an
adjustment to the interest cost and other exchange difference.
Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to
its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the
existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.
All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day
repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are
charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which
such expenses are incurred.
Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of fixed assets are
measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the
carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of
profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.
The cost of fixed assets not ready for intended use before such date is
disclosed under capital work-in-progress.
d) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets
Till the year ended March 31, 2014, depreciation rates prescribed under
Schedule XIV were treated as minimum rates and the Company was not
allowed to charge depreciation at lower rates even if such lower rates
were justified by the estimated useful life of the asset. From the
current year Schedule VI has been replaced by Schedule II to the
Companies Act, 2013. Schedule II to the Companies Act 2013 prescribes
useful lives for fixed assets which, in many cases, are different from
lives prescribed under the erstwhile Schedule XIV. However, Schedule II
allows Companies to use higher / lower useful lives and residual values
if such useful lives and residual values can be technically supported
and justification for difference is disclosed in the financial
statements. Considering the applicability of Schedule II, the
management has re-estimated the useful lives and residual values of all
its fixed assets, except aircraft, and notables and tools. Assets
individually costing Rs. 5,000 or less are fully depreciated in the
year of purchase.
The management has estimated, supported by independent assessment by
professionals, the useful lives of the following classes of assets.
- The useful life of aircraft is estimated as 17.86 years, which is
lower than indicated in schedule II, which prescribes a useful life of
20 years.
- Rotables and tools are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of
17.86 years which is higher than indicated in schedule II, which
prescribes a useful life of 15 years.
Leasehold improvements are amortized over the estimated useful lives or
the remaining primary lease period, whichever is less. The average
useful life of leasehold improvements is between 4 to 6 years.
The management believes that the depreciation rates currently used
fairly reflect its estimate of the useful lives and residual values of
fixed assets, though these rates in certain cases are different from
the lives prescribed under Schedule II.
As a result of the adoption of useful lives prescribed in Schedule II
for specified classes of assets as discussed above, Rs. 24.40 million
has been adjusted against reserves in respect of assets whose useful
life has expired under Schedule II as on April 1, 2014 (also refer note
5). In respect of such assets, the adoption of useful lives indicated
in Schedule II has resulted in increase in depreciation expense for the
current year by Rs. 55.40 million as compared to the previous year.
In respect of aircraft and notables and tools, had the Company applied
the requirements of useful life and residual values specified under
Schedule II of the Act as described above, the depreciation expense for
the current year would have been lower by Rs. 87.55 million.
e) Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial
recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets
are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated
impairment losses, if any. Intangible assets are amortized on a
straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life.
Costs incurred towards purchase of computer software are depreciated
using the straight-line method over a period based on management's
estimate of useful lives of such software being 2 / 3 years, or over
the license period of the software, whichever is shorter.
f) Leases
Where the Company is a lessee
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the
lease term.
Notes to the Financial Statements for the year ended March 31, 2015
(All amounts are in millions of Indian Rupees, unless otherwise stated)
Sale and lease back arrangements
Profit or loss on sale and lease back arrangements resulting in
operating leases is recognized immediately in case the transaction is
established at fair value. If the sale price is below fair value, any
profit or loss is recognized immediately except that, if the loss is
compensated by future lease payments at below market price, it is
deferred and amortized in proportion to the lease payments over the
period for which the asset is expected to be used. If the sale price
is above fair value, the excess over the fair value is deferred and
amortized over the period for which the asset is expected to be used.
The sale and lease back arrangements entered into by the Company are as
per the standard commercial terms prevalent in the industry. The
Company does not have an option to buy back the aircraft, nor does it
have an option to renew or extend the lease after the expiry of the
lease.
g) Borrowing costs
Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs
incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as
part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are
expensed in the period they occur.
h) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an
indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or
when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company
estimates the asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount
is the higher of an asset's or cash-generating units (CGU) net selling
price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an
individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that
are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets.
Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable
amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its
recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future
cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax
discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time
value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net
selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if
available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate
valuation model is used.
The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and
forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the
Company's cash-generating units to which the individual assets are
allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations are generally
covering a period of five years. For longer periods, a long term growth
rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the
fifth year.
Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on
inventories, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss. After
impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of
the asset over its remaining useful life.
An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any
indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer
exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company
estimates the asset's or cash-generating unit's recoverable amount. A
previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has
been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset's
recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The
reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not
exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that
would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss
been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is
recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
i) Inventories
Inventories are comprised of expendable aircraft spares and
miscellaneous stores. Inventories have been valued at cost or net
realizable value, whichever is lower after providing for obsolescence
and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes custom
duty, taxes, freight and other charges, as applicable and is determined
on a weighted average basis.
j) Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured. The revenue is recognized net of VAT / Service tax
(if any). The following specific recognition criteria must also be met
before revenue is recognized:
Service Income
Passenger revenues and cargo revenues are recognized as and when
transportation is provided i.e. when the service is rendered. Amounts
received in advance towards travel bookings / reservations are shown
under current liabilities as unearned revenue.
The unutilized balances in unearned revenue is recognized as income
based on past statistics, trends and management estimates, after
considering the Company's refund policy.
Revenue from wet lease of aircraft is recognized in accordance with the
terms of agreements with customers.
Income in respect of hiring / renting out of equipment and spare parts
is due on time proportion basis at rates agreed with the lessee. Due to
significant uncertainties involved in realization, the income is
recorded on settlement with the lessee or actual realization, whichever
is earlier.
Sale of food and beverages
Revenue from sale of food and beverages is recognized when the products
are sold to the customer. Amounts received in advance towards food and
beverages are shown under current liabilities as unearned revenue.
Training Income
Training Income is recognized upon completion of the related training
activities.
Export Incentives
Export incentives are recognized on satisfaction of conditions for a
ailment of benefits under the respective schemes provided the
realization of these benefits is certain as at the reporting date.
Interest
Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
k) Manufacturers' incentives
Cash Incentives
The Company receives incentives from Original equipment manufacturers
('OEM's') of aircraft components in connection with acquisition of
aircraft under operating lease. These incentives are recognized as
income coinciding with delivery of the related aircraft.
Non-cash Incentives
Free of cost spare parts received in respect of purchase of aircraft's
are recorded at a nominal value.
Non cash incentives relating to aircraft taken on finance lease are
recorded as and when due to the Company by setting up a deferred asset
and a corresponding incentive. These incentives are recognized under
the head other income in the statement of profit and loss on a straight
line basis over the remaining life of the aircraft. The deferred asset
explained above is reduced on the basis of utilization against purchase
of goods and services.
l) Aircraft maintenance costs and engine repairs
Aircraft, Auxiliary Power Unit ('APU') and Engine maintenance and
repair costs are expensed as incurred. In cases where such overhaul or
repair costs in respect of engines / APU / other notables are covered
by third party maintenance agreements, these are accounted in
accordance therewith, along with adequate estimates.
m) Commission to agents
Commission expense is recognized as an expense based on terms agreed
with agents coinciding with the recognition of related revenues.
n) Foreign currency translation
Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the exchange rate
prevailing at the reporting date. Non- monetary items which are
measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency
are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction;
and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar
valuation denominated in a foreign currency if any, are reported using
the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.
Exchange Differences
The Company accounts for exchange differences arising on translation/
settlement of foreign currency monetary items as below:
- Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary
items related to acquisition of a fixed asset are capitalized and
depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset.
- Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency
monetary items are accumulated in the "Foreign Currency Monetary Item
Translation Difference Account" and amortized over the remaining life
of the concerned monetary item.
- All other exchange differences are recognized as income or as
expenses in the period in which they arise.
Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency risk
of an existing asset / liability
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contract is amortized and recognized as an expense / income over the
life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts, except
the contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items, are
recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which
the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation
or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognized as
income or as expense for the period. Any gain / loss arising on forward
contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items is
recognized in accordance with paragraph on exchange differences above.
o) Retirement and other employee benefits
Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined
contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the
contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes
contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as expenditure, when
an employee renders the related service.
Gratuity liability under the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 is a defined
benefit obligation. The cost of providing benefits under this plan is
determined on the basis of actuarial valuation at each year-end.
Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in full in the period in
which they occur in the statement of profit and loss.
Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12
months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures
the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it
expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has
accumulated at the reporting date.
The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward
beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement
purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on
the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the
year-end. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to the
statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents
the entire leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it
does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12
months after the reporting date.
p) Income taxes
Tax expense comprises current and deferred income taxes. Current income
tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax
authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in
India.
Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing
differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year
and reversal of timing differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is
measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or
substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing
differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that
there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income
will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realized. As the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward
tax losses, deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax
assets can be realized against future taxable profits.
At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred
tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax asset to the extent
that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case
may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against
which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be
available.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a
legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against
current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets.
Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement
of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit
available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing
evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the
specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to
be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT
credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting
for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the
Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the
statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement." The
Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement" asset at each reporting
date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have
convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified
period.
q) Employee stock compensation cost
Employees (including senior executives) of the Company receive
remuneration in the form of share based payment transactions, whereby
employees render services as consideration for equity instruments
(equity-settled transactions).
In accordance with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Share
Based Employee Benefits) Regulations, 2014 and the Guidance Note on
Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, the cost of
equity-settled transactions is measured using the intrinsic value
method. The cumulative expense recognized for equity-settled
transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the
extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company's best
estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest.
The expense or credit recognized in the statement of profit and loss
for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognized
as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognized in
employee benefits expense.
Where the terms of an equity-settled transaction award are modified,
the minimum expense recognized is the expense as if the terms had not
been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An
additional expense is recognized for any modification that increases
the total intrinsic value of the share-based payment transaction, or is
otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of
modification.
r) Segment reporting
The Company's operations predominantly relate only to air
transportation services and accordingly this is the only primary
reportable segment. Further, the operations of the Company are
substantially limited within one geographical segment (India) and
accordingly this is considered the only reportable secondary segment.
s) Earnings Per Share ("EPS")
Basic EPS calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period
attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting preference
dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of
equity shares outstanding during the period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted EPS, the net profit or loss for
the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average
number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the
effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
t) Provisions
A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can
be made of the amount of obligation. Provisions are not discounted to
its present value and are determined based on best estimate of amounts
required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These
estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect
the current best estimates.
Where the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed,
for example under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is
recognized as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is
virtually certain. The expense relating to any provision is presented
in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.
u) Contingent liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past
events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the
control of Company or present obligation that is not recognized because
it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to
settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in cases
where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot
be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent
liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.
v) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement
comprise cash at bank and in hand and short- term investments with an
original maturity of three months or less.
w) Measurement of Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and
Amortization (EBITDA)
The Company has elected to present EBITDA as a separate line item on
the face of the statement of profit and loss. The Company measures
EBITDA on the basis of profit / (loss) from continuing operations. In
its measurement, the Company does not include depreciation and
amortization, interest income, finance costs, tax expense and, where
applicable, prior period items.
Mar 31, 2014
A) Basis of preparation of financial statements
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in India
(''Indian GAAP''). The Company has prepared these financial statements to
comply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified
under the Companies Act, 1956, read with General Circular 8/2014 dated
April 4, 2014, issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs. The
financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under
the historical cost convention. The accounting policies adopted in the
preparation of financial statements are consistent with those of
previous year.
The Company''s operating results continue to be materially affected by
various factors, particularly high aircraft fuel costs, significant
depreciation in the value of the currency, pricing pressures from
competition and general economic slowdown. The Company has incurred a
net loss of Rs. 10,032.44 during the year ended March 31, 2014, and as
of that date, the Company''s total liabilities exceeded its total assets
by Rs. 10,194.76. The Company is implementing various long-term
measures to improve its product offering and enhancing customer
experience. Considerable investments are also simultaneously being made
by the Company to improve selling and distribution channels, revenue
management and marketing functions. The Company has undertaken a
comprehensive review of its current network to maximize profitability
and improve efficiency in its operations. These measures along with
consistent improvement in yields and enhancement in ancillary revenues
are expected to drive growth in revenues in the future. The Company is
also implementing various measures to optimize aircraft utilization,
improving operational efficiencies, renegotiation of contracts and
other cost control measures to improve the Company''s operating results
and cash flows. In addition, the Company continues to explore various
options to raise finance in order to meet its short term and long term
obligations. The Company believes that these measures will not only
result in sustainable cash flows, but also enhance the Company''s plans
for expansion.
The promoters continue to be committed to providing the required
operational and financial support to Company in the foreseeable future.
During the year, the Promoter has converted 15,000,000 warrants into
equity shares of the Company thereby infusing additional funds of Rs.
407.03 into the Company. Further, the Company''s promoters have
subscribed to 64,169,000 warrants (convertible into equivalent no. of
equity shares) for which 25% upfront money amounting to Rs. 333.04 has
been received in the current year. In addition to the above, the
Company has availed of an unsecured loan of Rs. 750.00 from the
promoter, as well as an amount of Rs. 250.00 which has been provided as
an advance against the remaining subscription money to be received
consequent to the conversion of the warrants issued during the year.
The Company also believes that the amendment to FDI policy has improved
the investor sentiment towards the Indian aviation industry as
evidenced by entry of large international players into the Indian
market. In view of the foregoing, the Company''s financial statements
have been prepared on a going concern basis whereby the realization of
assets and discharge of liabilities are expected to occur in the normal
course of business.
b) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and
liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of
the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on
management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty
about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes
requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or
liabilities in future periods.
c) Tangible fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any
attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for
its intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in
arriving at the purchase price.The Company adjusts exchange differences
arising on translation/ settlement of long term foreign currency
monetary items pertaining to the acquisition of a depreciable asset to
the cost of the asset and depreciates the same over remaining life of
the asset.
In accordance with MCA circular dated August 9, 2012, exchange
differences adjusted to the cost of fixed assets are total differences,
arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items pertaining to the
acquisition of a depreciable asset, for the period. In other words, the
Company does not differentiate between exchange differences arising
from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an
adjustment to the interest cost and other exchange difference.
Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to
its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the
existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.
All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day
repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are
charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which
such expenses are incurred.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of fixed assets are measured
as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying
amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and
loss when the asset is derecognized.
Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets which takes
substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also
included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are
ready to be put to use.
The cost of fixed assets not rea d y for intended use before such date
is disclosed un der capital w ork-in-progress.
d) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets
Depreciation is provided using the straight line method in the manner
specified in Schedule XIV to the Act, at the rates prescribed therein
or at the rates based on management''s estimate of the useful lives of
such assets, whichever is higher, as follows:
Leasehold improvements are amortised over the estimated useful lives or
the remaining primary lease period, whichever is less. The average
useful life of leasehold improvements is between 4 to 6 years.
Assets individually costing Rupees five thousand or less are fully
depreciated in the year of purchase.
e) Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial
recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets
are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated
impairment losses, if any. Intangible assets are amortized on a
straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life.
Costs incurred towards purchase of computer software are depreciated
using the straight-line method over a period based on management''s
estimate of useful lives of such software being 2 / 3 years, or over
the license period of the software, whichever is shorter.
f) Leases
Where the Company is a lessee
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the
lease term.
Sale and lease back arrangements
Profit or loss on sale and lease back arrangements resulting in
operating leases is recognized immediately in case the transaction is
established at fair value. If the sale price is below fair value, any
profit or loss is recognised immediately except that, if the loss is
compensated by future lease payments at below market price, it is
deferred and amortised in proportion to the lease payments over the
period for which the asset is expected to be used. If the sale price is
above fair value, the excess over the fair value is deferred and
amortized over the period for which the asset is expected to be used.
The sale and lease back arrangements entered into by the Company are as
per the standard commercial terms prevalent in the industry. The
Company does not have an option to buy back the aircraft, nor does it
have an option to renew or extend the lease after the expiry of the
lease.
g) Borrowing costs
Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs
incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as
part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are
expensed in the period they occur.
h) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an
indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or
when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company
estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount
is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating units (CGU) net selling
price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an
individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that
are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets.
Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable
amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its
recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future
cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax
discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time
value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net
selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if
available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate
valuation model is used.
The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and
forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the
Company''s cash-generating units to which the individual assets are
allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations are generally
covering a period of five years. For longer periods, a long term growth
rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the
fifth year.
Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on
inventories, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.After
impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of
the asset over its remaining useful life.
An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any
indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer
exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company
estimates the asset''s or cash-generating unit''s recoverable amount. A
previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has
been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s
recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The
reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not
exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that
would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss
been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is
recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
i) Inventories
Inventories comprises of expendable aircraft spares and miscellaneous
stores. Inventories have been valued at cost or net realizable value,
whichever is lower after providing for obsolescence and other losses,
where considered necessary. Cost includes custom duty, taxes, freight
and other charges, as applicable and is determined on a weighted
average basis.
j) Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.The revenue is recognized net of VAT / Service tax
(if any). The following specific recognition criteria must also be met
before revenue is recognized:
Service Income
Passenger revenues and cargo revenues are recognised as and when
transportation is provided i.e. when the service is rendered. Amounts
received in advance towards travel bookings / reservations are shown
under current liabilities as unearned revenue.
The unutilized balances in unearned revenue is recognized as income
based on past statistics, trends and management estimates, after
considering the Company''s refund policy.
Revenues from special service requests in the nature of fees charged
from passengers for reservation, changes in itinerary, cancellation of
flight tickets etc. are recognised as revenues on rendering of the
related services.
Revenue from wet lease of aircrafts is recognised in accordance with
the terms of agreements with customers.
Income in respect of hiring / renting out of equipments and spare parts
is due on time proportion basis at rates agreed with the lessee. Due to
significant uncertainties involved in realization, the income is
recorded on settlement with the lessee or actual realization, whichever
is earlier.
Sale of food and beverages
Revenue from sale of food and beverages is recognised when the products
are sold to the customer. Amounts received in advance towards food and
beverages are shown under current liabilities as unearned revenue.
Training Income
Training Income is recognized upon completion of the related training
activities.
Export Incentives
Export incentives are recognized on satisfaction of conditions for
availment of benefits under the respective schemes provided the
realization of these benefits is certain as at the reporting date.
Interest
Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
k) Manufacturers incentives
Cash Incentives
The Company receives incentives from Original equipment manufacturers
(''OEM''s'') of aircraft components in connection with acquisition of
aircrafts. As the related aircrafts are held under operating lease by
the Company, these incentives are recognized as income coinciding with
delivery of the related aircrafts.
Non-cash Incentives
Free of cost spare parts received in respect of purchase of aircraft''s
are recorded at a nominal value.
Non cash incentives relating to aircrafts taken on finance lease are
recorded as and when due to the Company by setting up a deferred asset
and a corresponding incentive. These incentives are recognized under
the head other income in the statement of profit and loss on a straight
line basis over the remaining life of the aircraft. The deferred asset
explained above is reduced on the basis of utilization against purchase
of goods and services.
l) Aircraft maintenance costs and engine repairs
Aircraft, Auxiliary Power Unit (''APU'') and Engine maintenance and
repair costs are expensed as incurred. In cases where such overhaul or
repair costs in respect of engines / APU / other rotables are covered
by third party maintenance agreements, these are accounted in
accordance therewith, along with adequate estimates.
m) Commission to agents
Commission expense is recognized as an expense based on terms agreed
with agents coinciding with the recognition of related revenues.
n) Foreign currency translation
Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the exchange rate
prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items which are
measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency
are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction;
and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar
valuation denominated in a foreign currency if any, are reported using
the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.
Exchange Differences
The Company accounts for exchange differences arising on translation/
settlement of foreign currency monetary items as below:
- Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary
items related to acquisition of a fixed asset are capitalized and
depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset.
- Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency
monetary items are accumulated in the "Foreign Currency Monetary Item
Translation Difference Account" and amortized over the remaining life
of the concerned monetary item.
- All other exchange differences are recognized as income or as
expenses in the period in which they arise.
Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency risk
of an existing asset/ liability
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contract is amortized and recognized as an expense/ income over the
life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts, except
the contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items, are
recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which
the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation
or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognized as
income or as expense for the period. Any gain/ loss arising on forward
contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items is
recognized in accordance with paragraph on exchange differences above.
o) Retirement and other employee benefits
Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined
contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the
contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes
contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as expenditure, when
an employee renders the related service.
Gratuity liability under the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 is a defined
benefit obligation.The cost of providing benefits under this plan is
determined on the basis of actuarial valuation at each year-end.
Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in full in the period in
which they occur in the statement of profit and loss.
Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12
months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures
the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it
expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has
accumulated at the reporting date.
The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward
beyond twelve months, as long- term employee benefit for measurement
purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on
the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the
year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement
of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the
entire leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it does
not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months
after the reporting date.
p) Income taxes
Tax expense comprises current and deferred income taxes. Current income
tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax
authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in
India.
Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing
differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year
and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.Deferred tax is
measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or
substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing
differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that
there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income
will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realised. As the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward
tax losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax
assets can be realised against future taxable profits.
At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred
tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax asset to the extent
that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case
may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against
which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised.Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be
available.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a
legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against
current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets.
Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement
of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit
available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing
evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the
specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to
be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT
credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting
for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the
Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the
statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement." The
Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement" asset at each reporting
date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have
convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified
period.
q) Employee stock compensation cost
Employees (including senior executives) of the Company receive
remuneration in the form of share based payment transactions, whereby
employees render services as consideration for equity instruments
(equity-settled transactions).
In accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee
Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on
Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, the cost of
equity-settled transactions is measured using the intrinsic value
method and recognized, together with a corresponding increase in the
"Stock options outstanding account" in reserves. The cumulative expense
recognized for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until
the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has
expired and the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity
instruments that will ultimately vest. The expense or credit recognized
in the statement of profit and loss for a period represents the
movement in cumulative expense recognized as at the beginning and end
of that period and is recognized in employee benefits expense.
Where the terms of an equity-settled transaction award are modified,
the minimum expense recognized is the expense as if the terms had not
been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An
additional expense is recognized for any modification that increases
the total intrinsic value of the share-based payment transaction, or is
otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of
modification.
r) Segment reporting
The Company''s operations predominantly relate only to air
transportation services and accordingly this is the only primary
reportable segment. Further, the operations of the Company are
substantially limited within one geographical segment (India) and
accordingly this is considered the only reportable secondary segment.
s) Earnings Per Share ("EPS")
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after
deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
t) Provisions
A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can
be made of the amount of obligation. Provisions are not discounted to
its present value and are determined based on best estimate of amounts
required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These
estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect
the current best estimates.
Where the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed,
for example under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is
recognized as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is
virtually certain. The expense relating to any provision is presented
in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.
u) Contingent liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past
events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the
control of Company or present obligation that is not recognized because
it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to
settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely
rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because
it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a
contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial
statements.
v) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement
comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an
original maturity of three months or less.
w) Measurement of Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and
Amortization (EBITDA)
As permitted by the Guidance Note on the Revised Schedule VI to the
Companies Act, 1956, the Company has elected to present EBITDA as a
separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. The
Company measures EBITDA on the basis of profit / (loss) from continuing
operations. In its measurement, the Company does not include
depreciation and amortization, interest income, finance costs, tax
expenseand, where applicable, prior period items.
Mar 31, 2013
A) Basis of preparation of financial statements
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in India
(''Indian GAAP''). The Company has prepared these financial
statements to comply in all material respects with the accounting
standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules,
2006, (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act,
1956. The financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis
and under the historical cost convention. The accounting policies
adopted in the preparation of financial statements are consistent with
those of previous year.
The Company continues to achieve significant growth in revenues during
the year and has also managed to improve yields on a consistent basis.
The Company''s operating results continue to be materially affected by
various factors, particularly high aircraft fuel costs, significant
depreciation in the value of the currency and general economic
slowdown. The Company has continuously implemented various measures
such as fare and route rationalization, optimizing aircraft utilization
(including short-term leasing out of aircrafts), improving operational
efficiencies, renegotiation of contracts and other cost control
measures to improve the Company''s operating results and cash flows.
In addition, the Company continues to explore various options to raise
finance in order to meet its short term and long term obligations, with
the promoters infusing additional funds in the current year and being
committed to provide operational and financial support. The Company
believes that the recent amendments to FDI policy will improve the
investor sentiment towards the Indian aviation industry and that its
measures will not only result in sustainable cash flows, but also
enhance the Company''s plans for expansion. Accordingly, the
Company''s financial statements have been prepared on a going concern
basis whereby the realization of assets and discharge of liabilities
are expected to occur in the normal course of business.
b) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and
liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of
the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on
management''s best knowledge of current events and actions,
uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the
outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of
assets or liabilities in future periods.
c) Tangible fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any
attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for
its intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in
arriving at the purchase price. For accounting periods commencing on or
after December 7, 2006, the Company adjusts exchange differences
arising on translation / settlement of long term foreign currency
monetary items pertaining to the acquisition of a depreciable asset to
the cost of the asset and depreciates the same over remaining life of
the asset.
Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to
its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the
existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.
All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day
repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are
charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which
such expenses are incurred.
The Company adjusts exchange differences arising on translation /
settlement of long-term foreign currency monetary items pertaining to
the acquisition of a depreciable asset to the cost of the asset and
depreciates the same over the remaining life of the asset. In
accordance with MCA circular dated August 9, 2012, exchange differences
adjusted to the cost of fixed assets are total differences, arising on
long-term foreign currency monetary items pertaining to the acquisition
of a depreciable asset, for the period. In other words, the Company
does not differentiate between exchange differences arising from
foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an
adjustment to the interest cost and other exchange difference.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of fixed assets are measured
as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying
amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and
loss when the asset is derecognized.
Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets which takes
substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also
included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are
ready to be put to use.
The cost of fixed assets not ready for intended use before such date is
disclosed under capital work-in-progress.
d) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets
Depreciation is provided using the straight line method in the manner
specified in Schedule XIV to theAct, at the rates prescribed therein or
at the rates based on management''s estimate of the useful lives of
such assets, whichever is higher, as follows:
Leasehold improvements are amortised over the estimated useful lives or
the remaining primary lease period, whichever is less. The average
useful life of leasehold improvements is between 4 to 6 years.
Assets individually costing Rupees five thousand or less are fully
depreciated in the year of purchase.
e) Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial
recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets
are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated
impairment losses, if any. Intangible assets are amortized on a
straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life.
Costs incurred towards purchase of computer software are depreciated
using the straight-line method over a period based on management''s
estimate of useful lives of such software being 3 years, or over the
license period of the software, whichever is shorter.
f) Leases
Where the Company is a lessee
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the
lease term.
Sale and lease back arrangements
Profit or loss on sale and lease back arrangements resulting in
operating leases is recognized immediately in case the transaction is
established at fair value. If the sale price is below fair value, any
profit or loss is recognised immediately except that, if the loss is
compensated by future lease payments at below market price, it is
deferred and amortised in proportion to the lease payments over the
period for which the asset is expected to be used. If the sale price is
above fair value, the excess over the fair value is deferred and
amortized over the period for which the asset is expected to be used.
The sale and lease back arrangements entered into by the Company are as
per the standard commercial terms prevalent in the industry. The
Company does not have an option to buy back the aircraft, nor does it
have an option to renew or extend the lease after the expiry of th
lease.
g) Borrowing costs
Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs
incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as
part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are
expensed in the period they occur.
h) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an
indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or
when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company
estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable
amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating units (CGU) net
selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is
determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate
cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or
groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds
its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written
down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the
estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using
a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the
time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining
net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account,
if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate
valuation model is used.
The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and
forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the
Company''s cash-generating units to which the individual assets are
allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations are generally
covering a period of five years. For longer periods, a long term growth
rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the
fifth year.
Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on
inventories, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss. After
impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of
the asset over its remaining useful life.
An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any
indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer
exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company
estimates the asset''s or cash-generating unit''s recoverable amount.
A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has
been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s
recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The
reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not
exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that
would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss
been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is
recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
i) Inventories
Inventories comprises of expendable aircraft spares and miscellaneous
stores. Inventories have been valued at cost or net realizable value,
whichever is lower after providing for obsolescence and other losses,
where considered necessary. Cost includes custom duty, taxes, freight
and other charges, as applicable and is determined on a weighted
average basis.
j) Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured. The revenue is recognized net of VAT / Service tax
(if any). The following specific recognition criteria must also be met
before revenue is recognized:
Service Income
Passenger revenues and cargo revenues are recognised as and when
transportation is provided i.e. when the service is rendered. Amounts
received in advance towards travel bookings / reservations are shown
under current liabilities as unearned revenue.
Revenues from special service requests in the nature of fees charged
from passengers for reservation, changes in itinerary, cancellation of
flight tickets etc. are recognised as revenues on rendering of the
related services.
Income in respect of hiring / renting out of equipments and spare parts
is due on time proportion basis at rates agreed with the lessee. Due to
significant uncertainties involved in realization, the income is
recorded on settlement with the lessee or actual realization, whichever
is earlier.
Training Income
Training Income is recognized upon completion of the related training
activities.
Export Incentives
Export incentives are recognized on satisfaction of conditions for
availment of benefits under the respective schemes, provided the
realization of these benefits is certain as at the reporting date.
Interest
Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
k) Manufacturers incentives
Cash Incentives
The Company receives incentives from Original equipment manufacturers
(''OEM''s'') of aircraft components in connection with acquisition
of aircrafts. As the related aircrafts are held under operating lease
by the Company, these incentives are recognized as income coincidiwith
delivery of the related aircrafts.
Non-cash Incentives
Free of cost spare parts received in respect of purchase of
aircraft''s are recorded at a nominal value.
Non cash incentives relating to aircrafts taken on finance lease are
recorded as and when due to the Company by setting up a deferred asset
and a corresponding incentive. These incentives are recognized under
the head other income in the statement of profit and loss on a straight
line basis over the remaining lease period of the related lease. The
deferred asset explained above is reduced on the basis of utilization
against purchase of goods and services.
l) Aircraft maintenance costs and engine repairs
Aircraft, Auxiliary Power Unit (''APU'') and Engine maintenance and
repair costs are expensed as incurred. In cases where such overhaul
costs in respect of engines / APU are covered by third party
maintenance agreements, these are accounted in accordance therewith,
along with adequate estimates.
m) Foreign currency translation
Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the exchange rate
prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items which are measured
in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are
reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; and
non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar
valuation denominated in a foreign currency if any, are reported using
the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.
Exchange Differences
The Company accounts for exchange differences arising on translation/
settlement of foreign currency monetary items as below:
- Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary
items related to acquisition of a fixed asset are capitalized and
depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset.
- Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency
monetary items are accumulated in the "Foreign Currency Monetary Item
Translation Difference Account" and amortized over the remaining life
of the concerned monetary item.
- All other exchange differences are recognized as income or as
expenses in the period in which they arise.
Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency risk
of an existing asset/ liability
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contract is amortized and recognized as an expense / income over the
life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts, except
the contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items, are
recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which
the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation
or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognized as
income or as expense for the period. Any gain/ loss arising on forward
contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items is
recognized in accordance with paragraph on exchange differences above.
n) Retirement and other employee benefits
Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined
contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the
contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes
contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as expenditure, when
an employee renders the related service.
Gratuity liability under the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 is a defined
benefit obligation. The cost of providing benefits under this plan is
determined on the basis of actuarial valuation at each year-end.
Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in full in the period in
which they occur in the statement of profit and loss.
Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12
months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures
the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it
expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has
accumulated at the reporting date.
The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward
beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement
purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on
the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the
year-end. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to the
statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents
the entire leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it
does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12
months after the reporting date.
o) Income taxes
Tax expense comprises current and deferred income taxes. Current income
tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax
authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in
India.
Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing
differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year
and reversal of timing differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is
measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or
substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing
differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that
there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable i ncome
will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realised. As the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward
tax losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax
assets can be realised against future taxable profits.
At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred
tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax asset to the extent
that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case
may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against
which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be
available.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a
legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against
current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets.
Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement
of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit
available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing
evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the
specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to
be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT
credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting
for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the
Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the
statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement."
The Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement" asset at each
reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does
not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the
specified period.
p) Employee stock compensation cost
Employees (including senior executives) of the Company receive
remuneration in the form of share based payment transactions, whereby
employees render services as consideration for equity instruments
(equity-settled transactions).
In accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee
Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on
Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, the cost of
equity-settled transactions is measured using the intrinsic value
method and recognized, together with a corresponding increase in the
"Stock options outstanding account" in reserves. The cumulative
expense recognized for equity-settled transactions at each reporting
date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting
period has expired and the Company''s best estimate of the number of
quity instruments that will ultimately vest. The expense or credit
recognized in the statement of profit and loss for a period represents
the movement in cumulative expense recognized as at the beginning and
end of that period and is recognized in employee benefits expense.
Where the terms of an equity-settled transaction award are modified,
the minimum expense recognized is the expense as if the terms had not
been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An
additional expense is recognized for any modification that increases
the total intrinsic value of the share-based payment transaction, or is
otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of
modification.
q) Segment reporting
The Company''s operations predominantly relate only to air
transportation services and accordingly this is the only primary
reportable segment. Further, the operations of the Company are
substantially limited within one geographical segment (India) and
accordingly this is considered the only reportable secondary segment.
r) Earnings Per Share ("EPS")
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after
deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
s) Provisions
A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can
be made of the amount of obligation. Provisions are not discounted to
its present value and are determined based on best estimate of amounts
required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These
estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect
the current best estimates.
Where the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed,
for example under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is
recognized as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is
virtually certain. The expense relating to any provision is presented
in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.
t) Contingent liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past
events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non
occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of
Company or present obligation that is not recognized because it is not
probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the
obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases
where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot
be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent
liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.
u) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement
comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an
original maturity of three months or less.
v) Measurement of Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and
Amortization (EBITDA)
As permitted by the Guidance Note on the Revised Schedule VI to the
Companies Act, 1956, the Company has elected to present EBITDA as a
separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. The
Company measures EBITDA on the basis of profit / (loss) from continuing
operations. In its measurement, the Company does not include
depreciation and amortization, interest income, finance costs, tax
expense and, where applicable, prior period items.
Mar 31, 2012
A) Basis of preparation of financial statements
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in India
('Indian GAAP'). The Company has prepared these financial statements to
comply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified
under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, (as amended)
and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial
statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the
historical cost convention. The accounting policies adopted in the
preparation of financial statements are consistent with those of
previous year.
The current year's financial statements have been prepared and
presented in accordance with the requirements of the revised Schedule
VI, as notified under the Companies Act, 1956 and applicable to the
Company. The Company has also reclassified previous year figures in
accordance with these requirements.
The Company has achieved significant growth in revenues for the year
and has also managed to achieve better yields towards the end of the
year. However, the Company's operating results has been materially
affected by various factors, particularly high aircraft fuel costs,
significant depreciation in the value of the currency and general
economic slowdown. The Company has been actively implementing various
measures such as fare and route rationalization, optimizing aircraft
utilization, improving operational efficiencies, renegotiation of
contracts and other cost control measures to improve the Company's
operating results and cash flows. Subsequent to the close of the
financial year, business conditions have improved and the Company
expects to perform better in the future. In addition, the Company
continues to explore various options to raise finance in order to meet
its short term and long term obligations, with the promoters infusing
additional capital during and post the year end. The Company believes
that these measures will not only result in sustainable cash flows, but
also enhance the Company's plans of expansion. Accordingly, the
Company's financial statements have been prepared on a going concern
basis whereby the realization of assets and discharge of liabilities
are expected to occur in the normal course of business.
b) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and
liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of
the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on
management's best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty
about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes
requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or
liabilities in future periods.
c) Tangible fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any
attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for
its intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in
arriving at the purchase price. For accounting periods commencing on
or after December 7, 2006, the Company adjusts exchange differences
arising on translation / settlement of long term foreign currency
monetary items pertaining to the acquisition of a depreciable asset to
the cost of the asset and depreciates the same over remaining life of
the asset.
Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to
its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the
existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.
All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day
repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are
charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which
such expenses are incurred.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of fixed assets are measured
as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying
amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and
loss when the asset is derecognized.
Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets which takes
substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also
included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are
ready to be put to use.
The cost of fixed assets not ready for intended use before such date is
disclosed under capital work- in-progress.
d) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets
Depreciation is provided using the straight line method in the manner
specified in Schedule XIV to the Act, at the rates prescribed therein
or at the rates based on management's estimate of the useful lives of
such assets, whichever is higher, as follows:
Asset Description Percentage
Office Equipment 4.75%
Computers 16.21%
Furniture and Fixtures 6.33%
Motor Vehicles 9.50% - 11.31%
Plant and Machinery 4.75%
Aircrafts 5.60%
Rotable and Tools 5.60%
Leasehold improvements are amortised over the estimated useful lives or
the remaining primary lease period, whichever is less. Assets
individually costing Rupees five thousand or less are fully depreciated
in the year of purchase.
e) Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial
recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets
are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated
impairment losses, if any. Intangible assets are amortized on a
straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life.
Costs incurred towards purchase of computer software are depreciated
using the straight-line method over a period based on management's
estimate of useful lives of such software being 3 years, or over the
license period of the software, whichever is shorter.
f) Leases
Where the Company is a lessee
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
in the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease
term. Lease management fee, legal charges and other initial direct
costs of lease are capitalized.
Sale and lease back arrangements
Profit or loss on sale and lease back arrangements resulting in
operating leases are recognized immediately in case the transaction is
established at fair value. If the sale price is below fair value, any
profit or loss is recognised immediately except that, if the loss is
compensated by future lease payments at below market price, it is
deferred and amortised in proportion to the lease payments over the
period for which the asset is expected to be used. If the sale price is
above fair value, the excess over the fair value is deferred and
amortized over the period for which the asset is expected to be used.
The sale and lease back arrangements entered into by the Company are as
per the standard commercial terms prevalent in the industry. The
Company does not have an option to buy back the aircraft, nor does it
have an option to renew or extend the lease after the expiry of the
lease.
g) Borrowing costs
Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs
incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange
differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they
are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as
part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are
expensed in the period they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest
and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing
of funds.
h) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an
indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or
when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company
estimates the asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount
is the higher of an asset's or cash-generating unit's (CGU) net selling
price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an
individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that
are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets.
Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable
amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its
recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future
cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax
discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time
value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net
selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if
available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate
valuation model is used.
The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and
forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the
Company's cash-generating units to which the individual assets are
allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations are generally
covering a period of five years. For longer periods, a long term growth
rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the
fifth year.
Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on
inventories, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss. After
impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of
the asset over its remaining useful life.
An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any
indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer
exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company
estimates the asset's or cash-generating unit's recoverable amount. A
previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has
been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset's
recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The
reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not
exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that
would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss
been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is
recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
i) Inventories
Inventories comprises of expendable aircraft spares and miscellaneous
stores. Inventories have been valued at cost or net realizable value,
whichever is lower after providing for obsolescence and other losses,
where considered necessary. Cost includes custom duty, taxes, freight
and other charges, as applicable and is determined on a weighted
average basis.
j) Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured. The revenue is recognized net of VAT / Service tax
(if any).
Service Income
Passenger revenues and cargo revenues are recognised as and when
transportation is provided i.e. when the service is rendered. Amounts
received in advance towards travel bookings / reservations are shown
under current liabilities as unearned revenue.
Revenues from special service requests in the nature of fees charged
from passengers for reservation, changes in itinerary, cancellation of
flight tickets etc. are recognised as revenues on rendering of the
related services.
Income in respect of hiring / renting out of equipments and spare parts
is due on time proportion basis at rates agreed with the lessee. Due to
significant uncertainties involved in realization, the income is
recorded on settlement with the lessee or actual realization, whichever
is earlier.
Training Income
Training Income is recognized upon completion of the related training
activities.
Export Incentives
Export incentives are recognized on availment of the benefits under the
respective schemes.
Interest
Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Interest income
is included under the head "Other Income" in the statement of profit
and loss.
k) Manufacturers incentives
Cash Incentives
The Company receives incentives from Original equipment manufacturers
('OEM's') of aircraft components in connection with acquisition of
aircrafts. As the related aircrafts are held under operating lease by
the Company, these incentives are recognized as income coinciding with
delivery of the related aircrafts.
Non-cash Incentives
Free of cost spare parts received in respect of purchase of aircraft's
are recorded at a nominal value.
Non cash incentives relating to aircrafts taken on finance lease are
recorded as and when due to the Company by setting up a deferred asset
and a corresponding incentive. These incentives are recognized under
the head other income in the statement of profit and loss on a straight
line basis over the remaining lease period of the related lease.
The deferred asset explained above is reduced on the basis of
utilization against purchase of goods and services.
l) Aircraft maintenance costs and engine repairs
Aircraft, Auxiliary Power Unit ('APU') and Engine maintenance and
repair costs are expensed as incurred. In cases where such overhaul
costs in respect of engines / APU are covered by third party
maintenance agreements, these are accounted in accordance therewith,
along with adequate estimates.
m) Foreign currency translation
Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
Exchange Differences
With effect from accounting periods commencing on or after December 7,
2006, the Company accounts for exchange differences arising on
translation / settlement of foreign currency monetary items as below:
- Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary
items related to acquisition of a fixed asset are capitalized and
depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset. For this
purpose, the Company treats a foreign monetary item as "long-term
foreign currency monetary item", if it has a term of 12 months or more
at the date of its origination.
- Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency
monetary items are accumulated in the "Foreign Currency Monetary Item
Translation Difference Account" and amortized over the remaining life
of the concerned monetary item.
- All other exchange differences are recognized as income or as
expenses in the period in which they arise.
n) Retirement and other employee benefits
Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined
contribution scheme. The contributions to the provident fund are
charged to the statement of profit and loss for the year when the
contributions to the respective fund are due. The Company has no
obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund.
Gratuity liability under the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 is a defined
benefit obligation. The cost of providing benefits under this plan is
determined on the basis of actuarial valuation at each year-end.
Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in full in the period in
which they occur in the statement of profit and loss.
Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12
months, is treated as short- term employee benefit. The Company
measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount
that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has
accumulated at the reporting date.
The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward
beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement
purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on
the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the
year- end. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to the
statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents
the entire leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it
does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12
months after the reporting date.
o) Income taxes
Tax expense comprises current and deferred income taxes. Current income
tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax
authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in
India. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing
differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year
and reversal of timing differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is
measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or
substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing
differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that
there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income
will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realised. As the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward
tax losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax
assets can be realised against future taxable profits.
At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred
tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax asset to the extent
that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case
may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against
which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be
available.
Minimum Alternative Tax ('MAT') credit is recognised as an asset only
when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company
will pay normal income tax during the specified period. In the year in
which the credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an asset in
accordance with the recommendations contained in Guidance Note issued
by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the said asset is
created by way of a credit to the profit and loss account and shown as
MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each balance
sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit
Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the
effect that Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified
period.
p) Employee stock compensation cost
Measurement and disclosure of the employee share-based payment plans is
done in accordance with SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee
Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on
Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, issued by the Institute
of Chartered Accountants of India. The Company measures compensation
cost relating to employee stock options using the intrinsic value as
applicable to the relevant grant. Compensation expense is amortized
over the vesting period of the option on a straight line basis.
q) Segment reporting
The Company's operations predominantly relate only to air
transportation services and accordingly this is the only primary
reportable segment. Further, the operations of the Company are
substantially limited within one geographical segment (India) and
accordingly this is considered the only reportable secondary segment.
r) Earnings Per Share ("EPS")
The earnings considered in ascertaining the Company's earnings per
share comprise the net profit or loss after tax attributable to equity
share holders. The number of shares used in computing basic earnings
per share is the weighted average number of shares outstanding during
the year. The number of shares used in computing diluted earnings per
share comprises the weighted average number of shares considered for
deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number
of shares, if any, which would have been issued on the conversion of
all dilutive potential equity shares.
s) Provisions
A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of
resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of
which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to
its present value and are determined based on best estimate of amounts
required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are
reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current
best estimates.
t) Contingent liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past
events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non
occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of
Company or present obligation that is not recognized because it is not
probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the
obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extreme rare cases
where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot
be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent
liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.
u) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement
comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an
original maturity of three months or less.
v) Measurement of Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and
Amortization (EBITDA)
As permitted by the Guidance Note on the Revised Schedule VI to the
Companies Act, 1956, the Company has elected to present EBITDA as a
separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. The
Company measures EBITDA on the basis of profit / (loss) from continuing
operations. In its measurement, the Company does not include
depreciation and amortization, finance costs, tax expense and, where
applicable, prior period items.
Mar 31, 2011
(a) Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the accounting standards notified by Companies Accounting
Standards Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the
Companies Act, 1956 ('the Act'). The financial statements have been
prepared under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis
except in case of assets for which provision for impairment is made and
revaluation is carried out, if applicable. The accounting policies have
been consistently applied by the Company and are consistent with those
used in the previous year, except for changes in accounting policy
discussed more fully elsewhere.
(b) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting
period end. Although these estimates are based upon management's best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
(c) Fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any
attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for
its intended use. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed
assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its
intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period
till such assets are ready to be put to use.
Advances paid towards the acquisition of fixed assets outstanding at
each balance sheet date and the cost of fixed assets not ready for
intended use before such date are disclosed under capital work-
in-progress.
(d) Depreciation
Depreciation is provided using the straight line method in the manner
specified in Schedule XIV to the Act, at the rates prescribed therein
or at the rates based on Management's estimate of the useful lives of
such assets, whichever is higher, as follows:
Asset Description Percentage
Office Equipment 4.75%
Computers 16.21%
Furniture and Fixtures 6.33%
Motor Vehicles 9.50% - 11.31%
Plant and Machinery 4.75%
Rotable and Tools 5.60%
Leasehold improvements are amortised over the estimated useful lives or
the remaining primary lease period, whichever is less. Assets
individually costing Rupees five thousand or less are fully depreciated
in the year of purchase.
(e) Intangible assets
Computer software
Costs incurred towards purchase of computer software are depreciated
using the straight-line method over a period of 3 years based on
management's estimate of useful lives of such software, or over the
license period of the software, whichever is shorter.
(f) Impairment
i. The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet
date if there is any
indicationof impairment based on internal / external factors. An
impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset
exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater
of the asset's net selling price and its value in use. In assessing
value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their
present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current
market assessments of the time value of the money and risks specific to
the asset.
ii. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
iii. A previously recognized impairment loss is increased or reversed
depending on changes in circumstances. However, the carrying value
after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would
have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no
impairment.
(g) Investments
Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on
an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at
cost. Provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a decline
other than temporary in the value of long term investments.
(h) Inventories
Inventories comprises of expendable aircraft spares and miscellaneous
stores. Inventories have been valued at cost or net realizable value,
whichever is lower after providing for obsolescence and other losses,
where considered necessary. Cost includes customs duty, taxes, freight
and other charges, as applicable and is determined using weighted
average method.
(i) Leases
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
in the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease
term.
Sale and lease back arrangements
Profit or loss on sale and lease back arrangements resulting in
operating leases are recognized immediately in case the transaction is
established at fair value, else the excess of the sale price over the
fair value is deferred and amortized over the period for which the
asset is expected to be used.
The sale and lease back arrangements entered into by the Company are as
per the standard commercial terms prevalent in the industry. The
Company does not have an option to buy back the aircraft, nor does it
have an option to renew or extend the lease after the expiry of the
lease.
(j) Provisions
A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of
resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of
which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted
to its present value and are determined based on best estimate of
amounts required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date.
These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect
the current best estimates.
(k) Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Passenger revenues and cargo revenues are recognised as and when
transportation is provided i.e. when the service is rendered. Amounts
received in advance towards travel bookings / reservations are shown
under current liabilities as unearned revenue.
Other operating revenues in the nature of fees charged from passengers
for reservation, changes in itinerary, cancellation of flight tickets
etc. are recognised as revenues on accrual basis.
Income in respect of hiring / renting out of equipments and spare parts
is due on time proportion basis at rates agreed with the lessee. Due to
significant uncertainties involved in realization, the income is
recorded on settlement with the lessee or actual realization, whichever
is earlier.
Interest
Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
(l) Manufacturers incentives
(i) Cash Incentives
The Company receives incentives from Original equipment manufacturers
('OEM's') of aircraft components in connection with acquisition of
aircrafts. These incentives are recognized as income coinciding with
delivery of the related aircrafts as there are no further conditions
required to be fulfilled.
(ii) Non-cash Incentives
Free of cost spare parts received in respect of purchase of aircraft's
are recorded at a nominal value.
During the current year, the Company has changed its accounting policy
on accounting for free of cost spare parts received. Previously, the
Company was recording the free of cost spare parts received at their
fair value. The management believes that such a change will result in a
more appropriate presentation of assets under generally accepted
accounting standards in India. Had the Company continued to use its
earlier policy in accounting for free of cost spare parts, the profit
after taxation for the current year would have been higher by Rs.
22.20 million, the gross block of fixed assets would have been higher
by Rs. 18.97 million and the inventory as at the year end would have
been higher by Rs.8.75 million.
(m) Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as
part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are
expensed in the period they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest
and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing
of funds.
(n) Foreign currency transactions
(i) Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
(ii) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
(iii) Exchange Differences
Exchange differences, in respect of accounting periods commencing on or
after December 7, 2006, arising on reporting of long-term foreign
currency monetary items at rates different from those at which they
were initially recorded during the period, or reported in previous
financial statements, in so far as they relate to the acquisition of a
depreciable capital asset, are added to or deducted from the cost of
the asset and are depreciated over the balance life of the asset, and
in other cases, are accumulated in a "Foreign Currency Monetary Item
Translation Difference Account" in the Company's financial statements
and amortized over the balance period of such long-term asset /
liability but not beyond accounting period ending on or before March
31, 2011.
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items not
covered above, or on reporting such monetary items of company at rates
different from those at which they were initially recorded during the
year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as
income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.
(o) Aircraft maintenance costs and engine repairs
Aircraft, Auxiliary Power Unit ('APU') and Engine maintenance and
repair costs are expensed as incurred. In cases where such overhaul
costs in respect of engines / APU are covered by third party
maintenance agreements, these are accounted in accordance therewith.
(p) Retirement and other employee benefits
Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined
contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Profit and
Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the respective fund
are due. There are no other obligations other than the contribution
payable to the respective funds.
Gratuity liability under the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 is a defined
benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of actuarial
valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each
financial year.
Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates.
Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial
valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each
financial year.
Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to profit and loss
account and are not deferred.
(q) Taxation
Tax expense comprises current and deferred income taxes. Current income
tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax
authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in
India. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing
differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year
and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. If the Company
has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, deferred tax
assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by
convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realised
against future taxable profits.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised. At each balance sheet date the Company re- assesses
unrecognised deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred
tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realised.
Minimum Alternative Tax ('MAT') credit is recognised as an asset only
when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the company
will pay normal income tax during the specified period. In the year in
which the credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an asset in
accordance with the recommendations contained in Guidance Note issued
by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the said asset is
created by way of a credit to the profit and loss account and shown as
MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each balance
sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit
Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the
effect that Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified
period.
(r) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement
comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an
original maturity of three months or less.
(s) Earnings per Share ("EPS")
The earnings considered in ascertaining the Company's earnings per
share comprise the net profit or loss after tax attributable to equity
share holders. The number of shares used in computing basic earnings
per share is the weighted average number of shares outstanding during
the year.
The number of shares used in computing diluted earnings per share
comprises the weighted average number of shares considered for deriving
basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of
shares, if any, which would have been issued on the conversion of all
dilutive potential equity shares.
(t) Employee stock compensation expenses
Measurement and disclosure of the employee share-based payment plans is
done in accordance with SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee
Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on
Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, issued by the Institute
of Chartered Accountants of India. The Company measures compensation
cost relating to employee stock options using the intrinsic value as
applicable to the relevant grant. Compensation expense is amortized
over the vesting period of the option on a straight line basis.
Mar 31, 2010
1. BASIS OF ACCOUNTING
The financial statements have been prepared to comply with the
Accounting Standards referred to in the Companies (Accounting
standards) Rules 2006 issued by the Central Government in exercise of
the power conferred under sub-section (1) (a) of section 642 and the
relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 (the Act). The fi
nancial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis under
the historical cost convention on accrual basis. The accounting
policies have been consistently applied by the Company unless otherwise
stated.
2. USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of the fi nancial statements in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities
on the date of the fi nancial statements and the results of operations
during the reporting periods. Although these estimates are based upon
managements best knowledge of current events and actions, actual
results could differ from those estimates. Any revisions to accounting
estimates are recognised in the current and future periods.
3. FIXED ASSETS
Tangible assets
Fixed Assets are carried at cost less depreciation and impairment loss,
if any. The cost of fi xed assets are inclusive of duties, taxes,
interest on borrowings attributable to acquisition of fi xed asset and
other incidental costs incurred upto the time the assets are ready for
their intended use. Spares which can be used only in connection with
aircrafts and whose use is expected to be irregular are included in fi
xed assets at cost.
Advances paid towards the acquisition of fi xed assets outstanding at
each balance sheet date and the cost of fi xed assets not ready for
intended use before such date are disclosed under capital
work-in-progress.
Intangible assets
Intangible assets comprises of software which is not an integral part
of the related hardware. The cost of software comprises of acquisition
charges and implementation fee.
4. DEPRECIATION AND AMORTISATION
Depreciation on fi xed assets, other than on software classifi ed as
Intangible, is provided pro-rata on the straight line method, at the
rates and in the manner prescribed under Schedule XIV of the Companies
Act, 1956 or useful life of the asset whichever is shorter.
Intangible assets comprising of software is amortised over a period of
3 years based on estimated useful life as determined by the management.
5. IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS
The Company reviews the carrying amounts of assets at each balance
sheet date to ascertain if there is any indication of impairment. An
impairment loss is recognised wherever the carrying amount of an asset
exceeds its recoverable amount. After impairment, depreciation is
provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining
useful life. The impairment loss recognised in the prior account- ing
period is reversed if there is change in the estimate of the
recoverable amount. However, the carry- ing value after reversal is not
increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by
charging usual depreciation if there was no impairment.
6. INVESTMENTS
Long-term investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in
the value of long-term investments is made only if such a decline is
other than temporary in the opinion of the management. Current invest-
ments are carried at lower of cost or fair value. Cost for computation
of profi t or loss on sale of invest- ment is computed on the basis of
weighted average method.
7. INVENTORIES
Inventories comprises of expendable aircraft spares and miscellaneous
stores.
Inventories have been valued at cost or net realizable value (NRV)
whichever is lower after providing for obsolescence and other losses,
where considered necessary. Cost includes customs duty, taxes, freight
and other charges, as applicable and is determined using weighted
average method.
8. REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefi ts will fl ow to the Com- pany and the revenue can be
reliably measured. Revenue recognition policies in respect of some of
the specifi c transactions are as under:
Passenger revenue
Passenger income is recognised when transportation is provided i.e.
when the service is rendered. Amounts received pursuant to travel
bookings/ reservations (net of cancellations) but not recognized as
income is shown under current liabilities as unearned revenue.
Other operating revenues
Other operating revenues comprise of revenues from cargo operations and
other miscellaneous fee charged from passengers.
Cargo revenue is recognized on completion of services i.e. when goods
are transported.
Miscellaneous fees charged from passengers for reservation / changes in
itinerary / cancellation of fl ight tickets, etc. are recognised as
revenues on accrual basis.
Hiring of equipments
Income in respect of leasing/ renting out of equipments and spare parts
is due on time proportion basis at rates agreed with the lessee. Due to
signifi cant uncertainties involved in realization, the income is
recorded on settlement with the lessee or actual realization, whichever
is earlier.
Interest
Interest income is recognised using time proportion method, based on
the rate implicit in the transaction.
Dividend
Dividend income is recognised when Companys right to receive dividend
is established.
9. LEASES
Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the profi t
and loss account on a straight line basis over the lease term.
Sale and lease back transaction
Profi t or loss on sale and lease back arrangements resulting in
operating leases are recognised, in case the transaction is established
at fair value, else the excess over the fair value is deferred and
amortized over the period for which the asset is expected to be used.
Free of cost spare parts received in respect of purchase of air crafts
are recorded at their fair value. This fair value is recorded as other
income upon sale of air crafts.
10. FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS
Transactions in foreign currency are accounted for at the exchange rate
prevailing on the date of the transaction. All monetary items
denominated in foreign currency are converted at the year-end rate.
The exchange differences arising on such conversion, except for
conversion of long term monetary items, and exchange differences
arising on the settlement of the transactions are dealt within the
profi t and loss account.
As per the amendment of the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules,
2006-AS 11 relating to The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange
Rates exchange difference arising on conversion of conversion of long
term foreign currency monetary items is recorded under the head
Foreign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Account and is
amortised over period not extending beyond, earlier of March 31, 2011
or maturity date of underlying long term foreign currency monetary
items.
11. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
Wages, salaries, bonuses, paid annual leave and sick leave are accrued
in the year in which the as- sociated services are rendered by
employees of the Company. The un-availed leaves are allowed to be
accumulated to be availed in next fi nancial year and therefore, are
considered as a short term benefi t. Such accumulated leaves are
provided in full on the basis of last drawn salary.
The Company provides Provident fund and Gratuity to its employees as
post retirement benefits.
Provident fund benefit is a defi ned contribution plan under which the
Company pays fi xed contributions into a fund established under
Employees Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provision Act, 1953. The
Company has no legal or constructive obligations to pay further
contributions after payment of the fi xed contribution. The
contributions recognised in respect of defi ned contribution plans are
expensed as they fall due. Liabilities and assets may be recognised if
underpayment or prepayment has occurred and are included in current
liabilities or current assets as they are normally of a short term
nature.
The Company provides for gratuity, a defi ned benefi t plan, which defi
nes an amount of benefi t that an employee will receive on retirement,
usually dependent on one or more factors such as age, years of service
and remuneration. The legal obligation for any benefi ts from this kind
of plan remains with the Company, even if plan assets for funding the
defi ned benefi t plan have been acquired. The liability recog- nised
in the balance sheet for defi ned benefi t plans is the present value
of the defi ned benefi t obligation (DBO) at the balance sheet date
less the fair value of plan assets, together with adjustments for
unrec- ognised actuarial gains or losses and past service costs. The
DBO is calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected
unit credit method.
12. EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION PLAN
The Company values stock options granted to employees at excess of
market price of the share on the date of grant over the exercise price
of the options granted. The value of stock options granted is amortised
on a straight line basis over the vesting period as employee
compensation and the unamortized portion carried as deferred employee
compensation grouped under Reserves and Surplus.
13. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE COSTS AND ENGINE REPAIRS
Aircraft, Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) and Engine maintenance and repair
costs are expensed as incurred except where such overhaul costs in
respect of engines/ APU are covered by third party maintenance
agreements, which are accounted in accordance therewith.
14. PROVISIONS AND CONTINGENCIES
Provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a
result of past event and it is probable that an outfl ow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which reliable
estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to present value
and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the
obligation on the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each
Balance Sheet date and adjusted to refl ect the current best estimates.
A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a present
obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outfl ow of
resources. Disclosure is also made in respect of a present obligation
as a result of past event that probably requires an outfl ow of
resource, where it is not possible to make a reliable estimate of the
outfl ow. Where there is a present obligation in respect of which the
likelihood of outfl ow of resources is remote, no provision or
disclosure is made. Contingent assets are not recognised in the fi
nancial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually
and if it is virtually certain that an infl ow of economic benefi ts
will arise, the asset and related income are recognised in the period
in which the change occurs.
15. TAXATION
Provision for tax comprises current, deferred and fringe benefi t tax.
Current tax is provided for on the taxable profi ts of the year at
applicable tax rates. Fringe benefi t tax is provided for the amount
expected to be paid to the Income tax authorities. Deferred income
taxes refl ect the impact of current year timing differences between
taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of
timing differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on
the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the
balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the
extent that there is reasonable certainty that suffi cient future
taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets
can be realised. Deferred tax assets are recognised on carry forward of
unabsorbed depreciation and tax losses only if there is virtual
certainty that such deferred tax assets can be realised against future
taxable profi ts.
Minimum Alternative Tax credit ("MAT credit") is recognized as an asset
only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the
Company will pay normal income tax during the specifi ed period. In
the year in which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognized as
an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in guidance
note issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India the said
asset is created by way of a credit to the profi t and loss account and
shown as MAT credit entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each
balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT credit
entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the
effect that Company will pay normal income tax during the specifi ed
period.
16. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profi t or
loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Partly
paid equity shares are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the
extent that they were entitled to partici- pate in dividends relative
to a fully paid equity share during the reporting period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, net profi t
or loss for the year attributable to eq- uity shareholders and the
weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
17. ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATIVE CONTRACTS
The Company enters into derivatives contract to hedge its risk arising
from the fl uctuation in commodity market. Gain or loss on settlement
of such contracts is recorded as Operating cost. At every period end
all outstanding derivative contracts are fair valued on a marked-to
market basis and any loss on valua- tion is recognised in the profi t
and loss account, on each contract basis. Any gain on marked-to-market
valuation on respective contracts is not recognized by the Company,
keeping in view the principle of prudence as enunciated in AS 1,
Disclosure of Accounting Policies. Any subsequent changes in fair
values, occurring after the balance sheet date, is accounted in the
subsequent period.