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Accounting Policies of Subex Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2023

Significant accounting policies

a. Basis of preparation

The standalone financial statements of the Company have
been prepared and presented in accordance with accounting
principles generally accepted in India including Indian
Accounting Standards ("Ind AS'') specified under section 133
of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act'') read with Companies
(Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from
time to time).

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on
a historical cost basis, except for certain financial instruments
which are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting
period, as explained further in the accounting policies below.

The standalone financial statements comprise the financial
statements of the Company and its controlled employee benefit
trust.

Subex Limited is the sponsoring entity of Employee Stock Option
Plan ("ESOP") trust. Management of the Company can appoint
and remove the trustees and provide funding to the trust for
buying the shares. Basis assessment by the management, it
believes that the ESOP trust is controlled by the Company and
accordingly Subex Employee Welfare and ESOP Benefit Trust is
consolidated [refer note 2(o) and note 34].

The standalone financial statements are presented in INR ("''")
and all the values are rounded off to the nearest Lakhs (INR
00,000) except when otherwise indicated.

b. Use of estimates, assumptions and judgements

The preparation of the standalone financial statements in
conformity with Ind AS requires the management to make
estimates, judgements and assumptions that affect the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent
assets and liabilities on the date of the standalone financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses
for the year reported. Actual results could differ from those
estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed
on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are
recognised in the year in which the estimates are revised and
future periods are affected.

Key source of estimation of uncertainty as at the date of
standalone financial statements, which may cause a material
adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities
within the next financial year, is in respect of the following

Impairment of non-financial assets

Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash
generating unit ("CGU") exceeds its recoverable amount, which

is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value
in use. The fair value less costs of disposal calculation is based
on available data from binding sales transactions, conducted at
arm''s length, for similar assets or observable market prices less
incremental costs for disposing of the asset. The value in use
calculation is based on a discounted cash flow (''DCF'') model.
The cash flows are derived from the budget for future years
and do not include restructuring activities that the Company is
not yet committed to or significant future investments that will
enhance the asset''s performance of the CGU being tested. The
recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for the
DCF model as well as the expected future cash-inflows and the
growth rate used for extrapolation purposes. Also, refer note 2(h).

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company assesses
impairment of financial assets (''Financial instruments'') and
recognises expected credit losses, which are measured through
a loss allowance.

The Company provides for impairment of investment in
subsidiaries. Impairment exists when there is a diminution
in value of the investment and the recoverable value of such
investment is lower than the carrying value of such investment.

The Company provides for impairment of trade receivables
and unbilled revenue based on assumptions about risk of
default and expected timing of collection. The Company uses
judgement in making these assumptions and selecting inputs
to the impairment calculation, based on the Company''s past
history, customer''s creditworthiness, existing market conditions
as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting
period. Also, refer note 2(h).

Defined benefit plans

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and other post¬
employment benefits and the present value of the gratuity
obligation is determined using actuarial valuation. An actuarial
valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ
from actual developments in the future. These include the
determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and
mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation
and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly
sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are
reviewed at each reporting date (refer note 35).

The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In
determining the appropriate discount rate for plans operated
in India, the management considers the interest rates of
government bonds in currencies consistent with the currencies
of the post-employment benefit obligation.

The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality
tables. These mortality tables tend to change only at interval in
response to demographic changes. Future salary increases and
gratuity increases are based on expected future inflation rates.

Share-based payments

Estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions
requires determination of the most appropriate valuation
model, which is dependent on the terms and conditions of
the grant. This estimate also requires determination of the
most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the
expected life of the share option, volatility and dividend yield
and making assumptions about them. The assumptions and
models used for estimating fair value for share-based payment
transactions are disclosed in note 34.

Taxes

The Company''s tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgments are
involved in determining the provision for income taxes and tax
credits including the amount expected to be paid or refunded
for uncertain tax positions. Also refer note 2(r) and note 20.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses to
the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available
against which the losses can be utilised. Significant management
judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax
assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing
and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax
planning strategies.

Leases

Ind AS 116 requires lessees to determine the lease term as the
non-cancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option
to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is
reasonably certain. The Company makes an assessment on
the expected lease term on a lease-by-lease basis and thereby
assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any options to
extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating
the lease term, the Company considers factors such as any
significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease
term, costs relating to the termination of the lease and the
importance of the underlying asset to Company''s operations
taking into account the location of the underlying asset and
the availability of suitable alternatives. The lease term in future
periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects the
current economic circumstances. After considering current and
future economic conditions, the Company has concluded that
no changes are required to lease period relating to the existing
lease contracts [Refer to note 2(j)].

c. Current/ non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet
based on current/ non-current classification.

An asset is treated as current when it is

• Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed
in normal operating cycle

• Held primarily for the purpose of trading

• Expected to be realised within twelve months after the
reporting period, or

• Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being
exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve
months after the reporting period

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when

• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

• It holds the liability primarily for the purpose of trading

• It is due to be settled within twelve months after the
reporting period, or

• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of
the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting
period

The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current
assets and liabilities, respectively.

Advance tax paid is classified as non-current assets.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets
for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents.
The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

d. Revenue recognition

Revenue from support services to group entities/related
parties- Support service income is recognized as services are
rendered, on the basis of an agreed mark up on costs incurred,
in accordance with the agreement entered into with group
entities.

The Company derives its revenues from sale and implementation
of its license and implementation of its proprietary software and
managed/ support services.

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised
products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the
consideration the Company expect to receive in exchange for
those products or services.

The following specific recognition criteria must also be met
before revenue is recognized

Revenues from licensing arrangements is recognized at a point in
time on transfer of the title in user licenses, except those contracts
where transfer of title is dependent upon rendering of significant
implementation and other services by the Company, in which
case revenue is recognized over the implementation period in
accordance with the specific terms of the contracts with clients.

Revenue from implementation and customisation services
is recognised using the percentage of completion method.
Percentage of completion is determined based on completed

efforts against the total estimated efforts, which represent the
fair value of services rendered.

Revenue from managed/ support services comprise income
from fixed price contracts, time-and-material contracts and
annual maintenance contracts. Revenue from fixed price
contracts is recognized over the period of the contracts using
the percentage of completion method. Revenue from time and
material contracts is recognized when the services are rendered
in accordance with the terms of contracts. Revenue from annual
maintenance contracts is recognised rateably over the period of
the contracts.

Revenue from sale of hardware under reseller arrangements
is recognized when all the significant risks and rewards of
ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer, usually
on delivery of goods to customers.

In case of multiple element arrangements for sale of software
license, related implementation and maintenance services, the
Company has applied the guidance in Ind AS 115, by applying
the revenue recognition criteria for each distinct performance
obligation. The arrangements generally meet the criteria for
considering the sale of software license, related implementation
and maintain services as distinct performance obligation. For
allocating the consideration, the Company has measured the
revenue in respect of each distinct performance obligation of
a transaction at its standalone selling price, in accordance with
principles given in Ind AS 115. The price that is regularly charged
for an item when sold separately is the best evidence of its
standalone selling price. In cases where the Company is unable
to determine the standalone selling price, the Company has used
a residual method to allocate the arrangement consideration. In
these cases, the balance of the consideration, after allocating
the standalone selling price of undelivered components of a
transaction has been allocated to the delivered components for
which specific standalone selling price do not exist.

The Company collects Goods and Services tax and other
taxes as applicable in the respective tax jurisdictions where the
Company operates, on behalf of the government and therefore
it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company. Hence it
is excluded from revenue.

Provisions for estimated losses on contracts are recorded in the
period in which such losses become probable based on the
current contract estimates. ''Unbilled revenue'' included in other
financial assets represent revenues recognized in excess of
amounts billed to clients as at the balance sheet date. ''Unearned
revenue'' included in other current liabilities represent billings in
excess of revenues recognized as at the balance sheet date.

Performance obligations and remaining performance
obligations

The remaining performance obligation disclosure provides the
aggregate amount of the transaction price yet to be recognized

as at the end of the reporting period and an explanation as to
when the Company expects to recognize these amounts in
revenue.

Applying the practical expedient as given in Ind AS 115, the
Company has not disclosed the remaining performance
obligation related disclosures for contracts where the revenue
recognized corresponds directly with the value to the customer
of the entity''s performance completed to date, typically those
contracts where invoicing is on time and material basis.

Remaining performance obligation estimates are subject
to change and are affected by several factors, including
terminations, changes in the scope of contracts, periodic
revalidations, adjustment for revenue that has not materialized
and adjustments for currency.

Interest

Interest income is recognized as it accrues in the standalone
statement of profit and loss using effective interest rate method.

e. Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of
accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses,
if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs
if capitalization criteria are met, directly attributable cost of
bringing the plant and equipment to its working condition for
the intended use and cost of replacing part of the plant and
equipment. When significant parts of plant and equipment are
required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates
them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise,
when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised
in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a
replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other
repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the standalone
statement of profit and loss as incurred. The present value of the
expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use
is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition
criteria for a provision are met.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of the assets are
measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds
and the carrying amounts of the assets and are recognized in
the standalone statement of profit and loss when the assets are
derecognized.

f. Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial
recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible
assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization
and accumulated impairment losses. Internally generated
intangibles, excluding capitalised development costs, are
not capitalised and the related expenditure is reflected in the
standalone statement of profit and loss in the period in which
the expenditure is incurred.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful
economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there
is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired.
The amortization period and the amortization method for an
intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the
end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful
life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic
benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the
amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated
as changes in accounting estimates.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible
asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal
proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are
recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss when
the asset is derecognised.

g. Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and amortization
of intangible assets with finite useful lives is calculated on a
straight-line basis over the useful lives of the assets estimated by
the management, basis technical assessment

The Company has used the following useful lives to provide
depreciation on plant and equipment and amortization of
intangible assets

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h. Impairment

Impairment of financial assets

The Company assesses at each date of balance sheet wheth
a financial asset or a Group of financial assets is impaired. Ind a
109 (''Financial instruments'') requires expected credit losses to t
measured through a loss allowance. The Company recognrn
lifetime expected losses for all contract assets and/ or all trac
receivables that do not constitute a financing transaction. For
other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at ;
amount equal to the 12-month expected credit losses or at ;
amount equal to the life time expected credit losses if the cret
risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since i nit
recognition.

Impairment of non-financial assets

Non-financial assets including Property, plant and equipment,
intangible assets and right-of-use asset with finite life are
evaluated for recoverability whenever there is any indication
that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If any such
indication exists, the recoverable amount (i.e. higher of the fair
value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an
individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash
flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In
such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU
to which the asset belongs.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or CGU) is estimated to be
less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset
(or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment
loss is recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

For assets an assessment is made at each reporting date
to determine whether there is an indication that previously
recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have
decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the
asset''s or CGU''s recoverable amount. A previously recognised
impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change
in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable
amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The
reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does
not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying
amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation,
had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior
years. Such reversal is recognised in the standalone statement of
profit and loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in
which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

i. Equity investments in subsidiaries

Investments in subsidiaries are classified as non-current
investments. Impairment recognized, if any, is reduced from the
carrying value.

On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying
amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the
standalone statement of profit and loss.

Investment in Limited Liability Partnership (''LLP'') firms is carried
at cost in the separate financial statements. The share in profit/
loss in LLPs is recognised as income/expense in the standalone
statement of profit and loss and is recorded under other current
financial asset/liabilities as the right to share the profit/loss
is established as per the LLP''s agreement. The Company has
presented share of profit and share of loss from LLP on net basis
as the management considers the net income/expense to be its
return on investment in LLP

j. Leases

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract
is/ contains a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right
to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in
exchange for consideration.

Company as a lessee:

The Company applies a single recognition and measurement
approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases
of low-value assets. The Company recognises lease liabilities to
make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the
right to use the underlying assets.

i) Right-of-use assets

The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the
commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying
asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at
cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses,
and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost
of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities
recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments
made at or before the commencement date less any lease
incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a
straight-line basis over the lease term.

If ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Company at
the end of the lease term or the cost reflects the exercise of a
purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated
useful life of the asset.

The right-of-use assets are also subject to impairment. Refer
note 2(h) Impairment of non-financial assets.

ii) Lease Liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company
recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of
lease payments to be made over the lease term. In calculating
the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its
incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date
because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily
determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of
lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest
and reduced for the lease payments made.

iii) Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company applies the short-term lease recognition
exemption to its short-term leased assets (i.e., those leases that
have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement
date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the
lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leased assets
that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on short¬
term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognised as
expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

k. Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial
asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of
another entity.

Financial assets and liabilities are recognised when the Company
becomes a party to the contract that gives rise to financial assets
and liabilities. Financial assets and liabilities are initially measured

at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to
the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities
(other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value
through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the
fair value measured on initial recognition of financial asset or
financial liability.

Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments,
which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash
that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and
having original maturities of three months or less from the date
of purchase, to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents
consist of balances with banks which are unrestricted for
withdrawal and usage.

Financial assets at amortized cost

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized
cost if these financial assets are held within a business whose
objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual
cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give
rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of
principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive
income

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other
comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within
a business whose objective is achieved by both collecting
contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the
contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified
dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and
interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or
loss unless it is measured at amortized cost or at fair value
through other comprehensive income on initial recognition.
The transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of
financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are immediately
recognised in standalone statement of profit and loss.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortized cost
using the effective interest method, except for contingent
consideration recognized in a business combination which is
subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss. For
trade and other payables maturing within one year from the
balance sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value
due to the short maturity of these instruments.

Derecognition of financial assets and liabilities

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the
contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset
expire or it transfers the financial asset and the transfer qualifies

for derecognition under Ind AS 109. A financial liability (or a
part of a financial liability) is derecognized when the obligation
specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expires.
When an existing financial asset/ liability is replaced by another
from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the
terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an
exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of
the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The
difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in
the standalone statement of profit and loss.

Reclassification of financial assets

The Company determines classification of financial assets
and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no
reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity
instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which
are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there
is a change in the business model for managing those assets.
Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent.
The Company''s senior management determines change in the
business model as a result of external or internal changes which
are significant to the Company''s operations. Such changes are
evident to external parties. A change in the business model
occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform
an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company
reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification
prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day
of the immediately next reporting period following the change in
business model. The Company does not restate any previously
recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses)
or interest.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net
amount is reported in the standalone balance sheet if there
is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised
amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to
realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

Fair value of financial instruments

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset
or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between
market participants at the measurement date. The fair value
measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction
to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either

• In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

• In the absence of a principal market, in the most
advantageous market for the asset or liability

The principal or the most advantageous market must be
accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the
assumptions that market participants would use when pricing

the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in
their economic best interest.

In determining the fair value of its financial instruments, the
Company uses following hierarchy and assumptions that are
based on market conditions and risks existing at each reporting
date.

Derivative financial instruments

Initial recognition and subsequent measurement

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the
assumptions that market participants would use when pricing
the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in
their economic best interest.In determining the fair value of its
financial instruments, the Company uses following hierarchy
and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks
existing at each reporting date.

Fair value hierarchy

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or
disclosed in the standalone financial statements are categorised
within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based
on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value
measurement as a whole:

Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets
for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input
that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or
indirectly observable.

Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input
that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the standalone
financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company
determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in
the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest
level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a
whole) at the end of each reporting period.

l. Borrowing cost

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition,
construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes
a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use
or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other
borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur.
Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity
incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing
cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded
as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

m. Standalone statement of cash flows

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby
profit/ (loss) for the period is adjusted for the effects of
transactions of a non-cash nature or any deferrals or accruals of

past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of
income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash
flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing
activities of the Company are segregated.

n. Employee share based payments

The Company measures compensation cost relating to
employee stock options plans using the fair valuation method
in accordance with Ind AS 102, Share-Based Payment.
Compensation expense is amortized over the vesting period
of the option on a straight-line basis. The cost of equity-settled
transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when
the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model (Black-
Scholes valuation model). That cost is recognised, together with
a corresponding increase in employee stock options reserves in
other equity, over the period in which the performance and/or
service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The
cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions
at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent
to which the vesting period has expired and the Company''s best
estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately
vest.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as
additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings
per share.

o. Treasury shares

The Company has formed Subex Employee Welfare and ESOP
Benefit Trust ("ESOP Trust") for providing share-based payment to
its employees. The Company treats ESOP Trust as its extension
and shares held by ESOP Trust are treated as treasury shares.

Own equity instruments that are purchased (treasury shares)
are recognised at cost and deducted from equity. No gain or
loss is recognised in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue
or cancellation of the Company''s own equity instruments. Any
difference between the carrying amount and the consideration,
if reissued, is recognised in reserve. Share options exercised
during the reporting period are adjusted with treasury shares.

p. Employee benefits

Employee benefits include provident fund, gratuity and
compensated absences.

Defined contribution plans

Contributions payable to recognized provident funds, which are
defined contribution schemes, are charged to the standalone
statement of profit and loss.

Defined benefit plans

Gratuity, which is a defined benefit plan, is accrued based on
an independent actuarial valuation, which is done based on
projected unit credit method as at the balance sheet date.
The Company recognizes the net obligation of a defined
benefit plan in its balance sheet as an asset or liability. Gains

and losses through re-measurements of the net defined benefit
liability/ (asset) are recognized in other comprehensive income.
In accordance with Ind AS, re-measurement gains and losses
on defined benefit plans recognised in OCI are not to be
subsequently reclassified to the standalone statement of profit
and loss. As required under Ind AS compliant Schedule III, the
Company transfers it immediately to ''Surplus/ (deficit) in the
statement of profit and loss''.

The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In
determining the appropriate discount rate for plans operated
in India, the management considers the interest rates of
government bonds where remaining maturity of such bond
correspond to expected term of defined benefit obligation.

Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange
for the services rendered by employees are recognised during
the year when the employees render the service. Compensated
absences, which are expected to be utilised within the next
12 months, are treated as short-term employee benefits. The
Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the
additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused
entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

Long-term employee benefits

Compensated absences which are not expected to occur
within twelve months after the end of the period in which the
employees render the related services are treated as long-term
employee benefits for measurement purpose. Such long-term
compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial
valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year
end, less the fair value of the plan assets out of which the
obligations are expected to be settled. Actuarial gains/ losses
are immediately taken to the standalone statement of profit and
loss and are not deferred.

The Company presents the entire compensated absences
balance as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it does
not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for twelve
months after the reporting date.

q. Foreign currencies

Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded in the
functional currency of the Company by applying exchange rates
prevailing on the date of the transaction. For practical reasons,
the Company uses an average rate if the average approximates
the actual rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency
denominated monetary assets and liabilities are restated into
the functional currency using exchange rates prevailing on the
balance sheet date.

Gains and losses arising on settlement and restatement of
foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities
are included in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

The Company''s standalone financial statements are presented
in INR ( '' ). The Company determines the functional currency as
INR on the basis of primary economic environment in which the
entity operates.

r. Taxes on income

Income tax expense comprises current tax expense and the
net change in the deferred tax asset or liability during the
year. Current and deferred tax are recognised in standalone
statement of profit and loss, except when they relate to items
that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly
in other equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are
also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in
other equity, respectively.

Current income tax

Current income tax for the current and prior periods are
measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or
paid to the taxation authorities based on the taxable income
for that period. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the
amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted
by the balance sheet date. Management periodically evaluates
positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in
which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation
and considers whether it is probable that a taxation authority will
accept an uncertain tax treatment. The Company shall reflect the
effect of uncertainty for each uncertain tax treatment by using
either most likely method or expected value method, depending
on which method predicts better resolution of the treatment.

Deferred income tax

Deferred income tax is recognised using the balance sheet
approach, deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences
at the balance sheet date between the tax bases of assets and
liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting
purposes, except when the deferred income tax arises from
the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a
transaction that is not a business combination and affects
neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the
transaction.

Deferred income tax assets are recognized for all deductible
temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax credits and
unused tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that taxable
profit will be available against which the deductible temporary
differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and
unused tax losses can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed
at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is
no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available
to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized.

Deferred income taxes are not provided on the undistributed
earnings of branches where it is expected that the earnings of
the branch will not be distributed in the foreseeable future.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the
tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is
realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws)
that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance
sheet date.

Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternative Tax (''MAT'') paid
in accordance with the tax laws in India, which is likely to give
future economic benefits in the form of availability of set off
against future income tax liability. Accordingly, MAT is recognized
as deferred tax asset in the balance sheet when the asset can be
measured reliably and it is probable that the future economic
benefit associated with the asset will be realized. The company
reviews the ''MAT credit entitlement'' asset at each reporting
date and writes down the asset to the extent that it is no longer
probable that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.


Mar 31, 2019

1. Significant accounting policies

a. Basis of preparation

The standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in India including Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) specified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015 (as amended from time to time).

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, as explained further in the accounting policies below.

The standalone financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and its controlled employee benefit trust.

Subex Limited is the sponsoring entity of Employee Stock Option Plan (''ESOP'') trust. Management of the Company can appoint and remove the trustees and provide funding to the trust for buying the shares. Basis assessment by the management, it believes that the ESOP trust are controlled by the Company and accordingly Subex Employee Welfare and ESOP Benefit Trust is consolidated [refer note 2(o) and note 35].

The standalone financial statements are presented in INR ("H") and all the values are rounded off to the nearest Lakhs (INR 00,000) except when otherwise indicated.

b. Use of estimates, assumptions and judgements

The preparation of the standalone financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires the management to make estimates, judgements and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the standalone financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the year reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the year in which the estimates are revised and future periods are affected.

Key source of estimation of uncertainty as at the date of standalone financial statements, which may cause a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, is in respect of the following:

Revenue recognition

The Company uses the percentage of completion method in accounting for revenue from implementation and customisation projects.

Use of the percentage of completion method requires the Company to estimate the efforts to date as a proportion of the total efforts. Efforts have been used to measure progress towards completion as there is a direct relationship between input and productivity. Provisions for estimated losses, if any, on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the year in which such losses become probable based on the expected contract estimates at the reporting date.

Impairment of non-financial assets

Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit ("CGU") exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The fair value less costs of disposal calculation is based on available data from binding sales transactions, conducted at arm''s length, for similar assets or observable market prices less incremental costs for disposing of the asset. The value in use calculation is based on a discounted cash flow ("DCF") model. The cash flows are derived from the budget for future years and do not include restructuring activities that the Company is not yet committed to or significant future investments that will enhance the asset''s performance of the CGU being tested. The recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for the DCF model as well as the expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used for extrapolation purposes. Also, refer note 2(h).

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company assesses impairment of financial assets (''Financial instruments'') and recognises expected credit losses, which are measured through a loss allowance.

The Company provides for impairment of investment in subsidiaries. Impairment exists when there is a diminution in value of the investment and the recoverable value of such investment is lower than the carrying value of such investment.

The Company provides for impairment of trade receivables and unbilled revenue based on assumptions about risk of default and expected timing of collection. The Company uses judgement in making these assumptions and selecting inputs to the impairment calculation, based on the Company''s past history, customer''s creditworthiness, existing market conditions as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting period. Also, refer note 2(h).

Defined benefit plans

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and other post-employment benefits and the present value of the gratuity obligation is determined using actuarial valuation. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date (refer note 36).

The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate for plans operated in India, the management considers the interest rates of government bonds in currencies consistent with the currencies of the post-employment benefit obligation.

The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. These mortality tables tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases and gratuity increases are based on expected future inflation rates.

Fair Value measurement of financial instruments

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using internal valuation techniques. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments. Also, refer note 2(k).

Share-based payments

Estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions requires determination of the most appropriate valuation model, which is dependent on the terms and conditions of the grant. This estimate also requires determination of the most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share option, volatility and dividend yield and making assumptions about them. The assumptions and models used for estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions are disclosed in note 35.

Taxes

The Company''s tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgments are involved in determining the provision for income taxes and tax credits including the amount expected to be paid or refunded. Also refer note 2(r) and note 20.

c. Current/ non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification.

An asset is treated as current when it is:

- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading

- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

- It holds the liability primarily for the purpose of trading

- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities, respectively.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

d. Revenue recognition

The Company derives its revenues primarily from sale and implementation of its license and implementation of its proprietary software and managed/ support services.

Effective April 1, 2018, the Company adopted Ind AS 115 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" using the cumulative catch-up transition method, applied to contracts that were not completed as at April 1, 2018. In accordance with the cumulative catch-up transition method, the comparatives have not been retrospectively adjusted. The following is a summary of new and /or revised accounting policies related to revenue recognition.

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expect to receive in exchange for those products or services.

The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognised:

Revenues from licensing arrangements is recognized on transfer of the title in user licenses, except those contracts where transfer of title is dependent upon rendering of significant implementation and other services by the Company, in which case revenue is recognized over the implementation period in accordance with the specific terms of the contracts with clients.

Revenue from implementation and customisation services is recognised using the percentage of completion method. Percentage of completion is determined based on completed efforts against the total estimated efforts, which represent the fair value of services rendered.

Revenue from managed/ support services comprise income from fixed price contracts, time-and-material contracts and annual maintenance contracts. Revenue from fixed price contracts is recognized over the period of the contracts using the percentage of completion method. Revenue from time and material contracts is recognized when the services are rendered in accordance with the terms of contracts. Revenue from annual maintenance contracts is recognised rateably over the period of the contracts.

Revenue from sale of hardware under reseller arrangements is recognized when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of goods to customers.

In case of multiple element arrangements for sale of software license, related implementation and maintenance services, the Company has applied the guidance in Ind AS 115, by applying the revenue recognition criteria for each distinct performance obligation. The arrangements generally meet the criteria for considering the sale of software license, related implementation and maintain services as distinct performance obligation. For allocating the consideration, the Company has measured the revenue in respect of each distinct performance obligation of a transaction at its standalone selling price, in accordance with principles given in Ind AS 115. The price that is regularly charged for an item when sold separately is the best evidence of its standalone selling price. In cases where the Company is unable to determine the standalone selling price, the Company has used a residual method to allocate the arrangement consideration. In these cases, the balance of the consideration, after allocating the standalone selling price of undelivered components of a transaction has been allocated to the delivered components for which specific standalone selling price do not exist.

The Company collects Goods and Service tax and other taxes as applicable in the respective tax jurisdictions where the Company operates, on behalf of the government and therefore it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company. Hence it is excluded from revenue.

Provisions for estimated losses on contracts are recorded in the period in which such losses become probable based on the current contract estimates. ''Unbilled revenue'' included in other financial assets represent revenues recognized in excess of amounts billed to clients as at the balance sheet date. ''Unearned revenue'' included in other current liabilities represent billings in excess of revenues recognized as at the balance sheet date.

The application of Ind AS 115 did not have significant impact on the financial statements.

Interest

Interest income is recognized as it accrues in the standalone statement of profit and loss using effective interest rate method.

e. Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met, directly attributable cost of bringing the plant and equipment to its working condition for the intended use and cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss as incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of the assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts of the assets and are recognized in the standalone statement of profit and loss when the assets are derecognized.

f. Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and the related expenditure is reflected in the standalone statement of profit and loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

g. Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and amortization of intangible assets with finite useful lives is calculated on a straight-line basis over the useful lives of the assets estimated by the management, basis technical assessment:

The Company has used the following useful lives to provide depreciation on plant and equipment and amortization of intangible assets:

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

h. Impairment

Financial assets

The Company assesses at each date of balance sheet whether a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. Ind AS 109 (''Financial instruments'') requires expected credit losses to be measured through a loss allowance. The Company recognises lifetime expected losses for all contract assets and/ or all trade receivables that do not constitute a financing transaction. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month expected credit losses or at an amount equal to the life time expected credit losses if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition.

Impairment of non-financial assets

Non-financial assets including Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets with finite life are evaluated for recoverability whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount (i.e. higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

For assets, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or CGU''s recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

i. Equity investments in subsidiaries

Investments in subsidiaries are classified as non-current investments. Impairment recognized, if any, is reduced from the carrying value.

On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the standalone statement of profit and loss.

Investment in Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) firms is carried at cost in the separate financial statements. The share in profit/loss in LLP is recognised as income/expense in the standalone statement of profit and loss and is recorded under other current financial asset/liabilities as the right to share the profit/loss is established as per the LLP''s agreement.

j. Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

Company as a lessee:

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease.

Finance leases are capitalised at the commencement of the lease at the inception date at fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognised in finance costs in the standalone statement of profit and loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalized in accordance with the Company''s general policy on the borrowing costs.

A leased asset is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.

Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the standalone statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the lease escalations are linked to inflation, in such a case the lease expense is recognised as per the terms of the lease arrangement.

k. Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets and liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contract that gives rise to financial assets and liabilities. Financial assets and liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value measured on initial recognition of financial asset or financial liability.

Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and having original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of balances with banks which are unrestricted for withdrawal and usage.

Financial assets at amortized cost

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortized cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition. The transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are immediately recognised in standalone statement of profit and loss.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method, except for contingent consideration recognized in a business combination which is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the balance sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

Derecognition of financial assets and liabilities

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire or it transfers the financial asset and the transfer qualifies for derecognition under Ind AS 109. A financial liability (or a part of a financial liability) is derecognized when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial asset/ liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

Reclassification of financial assets

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company''s senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company''s operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the standalone balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously

Fair value of financial instruments

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

- In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

In determining the fair value of its financial instruments, the Company uses following hierarchy and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each reporting date.

Fair value hierarchy

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the standalone financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the standalone financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

l. Borrowing cost

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

m. Standalone statement of cash flows

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit/ (loss) for the period is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature or any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

n. Employee share based payments

The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock options plans using the fair valuation method in accordance with Ind AS 102, Share-Based Payment. Compensation expense is amortized over the vesting period of the option on a straight line basis. The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model (Black-Scholes valuation model). That cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in employee stock options reserves in other equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

o. Treasury shares

The Company has formed Subex Employee Welfare and ESOP Benefit Trust (ESOP Trust) for providing share-based payment to its employees. The Company treats ESOP Trust as its extension and shares held by ESOP Trust are treated as treasury shares.

Own equity instruments that are purchased (treasury shares) are recognised at cost and deducted from equity. No gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company''s own equity instruments. Any difference between the carrying amount and the consideration, if reissued, is recognised in reserve. Share options exercised during the reporting period are adjusted with treasury shares.

p. Employee benefits

Employee benefits include provident fund, gratuity and compensated absences.

Defined contribution plans

Contributions payable to recognized provident funds, which are defined contribution schemes, are charged to the standalone statement of profit and loss.

Defined benefit plans

Gratuity, which is a defined benefit plan, is accrued based on an independent actuarial valuation, which is done based on projected unit credit method as at the balance sheet date. The Company recognizes the net obligation of a defined benefit plan in its balance sheet as an asset or liability. Gains and losses through re-measurements of the net defined benefit liability/ (asset) are recognized in other comprehensive income. In accordance with Ind AS, re-measurement gains and losses on defined benefit plans recognised in OCI are not to be subsequently reclassified to the standalone statement of profit and loss. As required under Ind AS compliant Schedule III, the Company transfers it immediately to ''Surplus/ (deficit) in the statement of profit and loss''.

The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate for plans operated in India, the management considers the interest rates of government bonds where remaining maturity of such bond correspond to expected term of defined benefit obligation.

Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognised during the year when the employees render the service. Compensated absences, which are expected to be utilised within the next 12 months, are treated as short-term employee benefits. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

Long-term employee benefits

Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related services are treated as long-term employee benefits for measurement purpose. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year end, less the fair value of the plan assets out of which the obligations are expected to be settled. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the standalone statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

The Company presents the entire compensated absences balance as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for twelve months after the reporting date.

q. Foreign currencies

Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded in the functional currency of the Company by applying exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. For practical reasons, the Company uses an average rate if the average approximates the actual rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are restated into the functional currency using exchange rates prevailing on the balance sheet date.

Gains and losses arising on settlement and restatement of foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are included in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

The Company''s standalone financial statements are presented in INR (H). The Company determines the functional currency as INR on the basis of primary economic environment in which the entity operates.

Effective April 1, 2018, the Company has adopted Appendix B to Ind AS 21- Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration which clarifies the date of transaction for the purpose of determining the exchange rate to use on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income when an entity has received or paid advance consideration in a foreign currency. The effect on account of adoption of this amendment was insignificant.

r. Taxes on income

Income tax expense comprises current tax expense and the net change in the deferred tax asset or liability during the year. Current and deferred tax are recognised in standalone statement of profit and loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in other equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in other equity, respectively

Current income tax

Current income tax for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities based on the taxable income for that period. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

Deferred income tax

Deferred income tax is recognised using the balance sheet approach, deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences at the balance sheet date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes, except when the deferred income tax arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction.

Deferred income tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized.

Deferred income taxes are not provided on the undistributed earnings of branches where it is expected that the earnings of the branch will not be distributed in the foreseeable future.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.

Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternative Tax ("MAT") paid in accordance with the tax laws in India, which is likely to give future economic benefits in the form of availability of set off against future income tax liability. Accordingly, MAT is recognized as deferred tax asset in the balance sheet when the asset can be measured reliably and it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with the asset will be realized.

s. Provision and contingencies

A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. If the effect of time value of money is material, provision is discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

Provisions for onerous contracts, i.e. contracts where the expected unavoidable costs of meeting obligations under a contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received, are recognized when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle a present obligation as a result of an obligating event, based on a reliable estimate of such obligation.

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the standalone financial statements.

t. Earnings/ (loss) per share

Basic earnings/ (loss) per share is computed by dividing the profit/ (loss) after tax attributable to the equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/ (loss) after tax as adjusted for dividend, interest (net of any attributable taxes) other charges to expense or income relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Potential equity shares are deemed to be dilutive only if their conversion to equity shares would decrease the net profit per share or increase the net loss per share. Potential dilutive equity shares are deemed to be converted as at the beginning of the period, unless they have been issued at a later date. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the shares been actually issued at fair value (i.e. average market value of the outstanding shares). Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented.

u. Segment reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker.

The Company identifies primary segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organization and management structure. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit/ loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the Executive Management in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies of the Company. Segment revenue, segment expenses, segment assets and segment liabilities have been identified to the segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment.

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.

Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on a reasonable basis have been included under ''unallocated revenue/ expenses/ assets/ liabilities''.


Mar 31, 2018

1. Significant accounting policies

a. Basis of preparation

The standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in India including Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) specified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015 (as amended from time to time).

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, as explained further in the accounting policies below.

The standalone financial statements are presented in INR (“H”) and all the values are rounded off to the nearest Lakhs (INR 00,000) except when otherwise indicated.

b. Use of estimates, assumptions and judgements

The preparation of the standalone financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires the management to make estimates, judgements and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the standalone financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the year reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the year in which the estimates are revised and future periods are affected.

Key source of estimation of uncertainty as at the date of standalone financial statements, which may cause a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, is in respect of the following:

Revenue recognition

The Company uses the percentage of completion method in accounting for revenue from implementation and customisation projects.

Use of the percentage of completion method requires the Company to estimate the efforts to date as a proportion of the total efforts. Efforts have been used to measure progress towards completion as there is a direct relationship between input and productivity. Provisions for estimated losses, if any, on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the year in which such losses become probable based on the expected contract estimates at the reporting date.

Impairment of non-financial assets

Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit (“CGU”) exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The fair value less costs of disposal calculation is based on available data from binding sales transactions, conducted at arm’s length, for similar assets or observable market prices less incremental costs for disposing of the asset. The value in use calculation is based on a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model. The cash flows are derived from the budget for future years and do not include restructuring activities that the Company is not yet committed to or significant future investments that will enhance the asset’s performance of the CGU being tested. The recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for the DCF model as well as the expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used for extrapolation purposes.

The recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for the DCF model as well as the expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used for extrapolation purposes.

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company assesses impairment of financial assets (‘Financial i nstruments’) and recognises expected credit losses, which are measured through a loss allowance.

The Company provides for impairment of investment in subsidiaries. Impairment exists when there is a diminution in value of the investment and the recoverable value of such investment is lower than the carrying value of such investment.

The Company provides for impairment of trade receivables and unbilled revenue based on assumptions about risk of default and expected timing of collection. The Company uses judgement in making these assumptions and selecting inputs to the impairment calculation, based on the Company’s past history, customer’s creditworthiness, existing market conditions as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting period. Also, refer note 2(h).

Defined benefit plans

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and other post-employment benefits and the present value of the gratuity obligation is determined using actuarial valuation. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date (refer note 37).

The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate for plans operated in India, the management considers the interest rates of government bonds in currencies consistent with the currencies of the post-employment benefit obligation.

The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. These mortality tables tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases and gratuity increases are based on expected future inflation rates.

Fair Value measurement of financial instruments

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using internal valuation techniques. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments. Also, refer note 2(k).

Share-based payments

Estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions requires determination of the most appropriate valuation model, which is dependent on the terms and conditions of the grant. This estimate also requires determination of the most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share option, volatility and dividend yield and making assumptions about them. The assumptions and models used for estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions are disclosed in note 36.

Taxes

The Company’s tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgments are involved in determining the provision for income taxes and tax credits including the amount expected to be paid or refunded. Also refer note 2(q) and note 21.

c. Current/ non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification.

An asset is treated as current when it is:

- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading

- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities, respectively.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

d. Revenue recognition

The Company derives its revenues primarily from sale and implementation of its license and implementation of its proprietary software and managed/ support services.

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognised:

Revenues from licensing arrangements is recognized on transfer of the title in user licenses, except those contracts where transfer of title is dependent upon rendering of significant implementation and other services by the Company, in which case revenue is recognized over the implementation period in accordance with the specific terms of the contracts with clients.

Revenue from implementation and customisation services is recognised using the percentage of completion method. Percentage of completion is determined on the basis of completed efforts against the total estimated efforts, which represent the fair value of services rendered.

Revenue from managed/ support services comprise income from fixed price contracts, time-and-material contracts and annual maintenance contracts. Revenue from fixed price contracts is recognized over the period of the contracts using the percentage of completion method. Revenue from time and material contracts is recognized when the services are rendered in accordance with the terms of contracts. Revenue from annual maintenance contracts is recognised rateably over the period of the contracts.

Revenue from sale of hardware under reseller arrangements is recognized when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of goods to customers. Revenue is shown as net of sales tax, value added tax, other taxes and applicable discounts.

In case of multiple element arrangements for sale of software license, related implementation and maintenance services the Company has applied the guidance in Ind AS 18, by applying the revenue recognition criteria for each separately identifiable component of a single transaction. The arrangements generally meet the criteria for considering the sale of software license, related implementation and maintain services as separately identifiable components. For allocating the consideration, the Company has measured the revenue in respect of each separable component of a transaction at its fair value, in accordance with principles given in Ind AS 18. The price that is regularly charged for an item when sold separately is the best evidence of its fair value. In cases where the Company is unable to establish objective and reliable evidence of fair value for the aforesaid services, the Company has used a residual method to allocate the arrangement consideration. In these cases the balance of the consideration, after allocating the fair values of undelivered components of a transaction has been allocated to the delivered components for which specific fair values do not exist.

The Company collects Goods and Service tax and other taxes as applicable in the respective tax jurisdictions where the Company operates, on behalf of the government and therefore it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company. Hence it is excluded from revenue.

Provisions for estimated losses on contracts are recorded in the period in which such losses become probable based on the current contract estimates. ‘Unbilled revenue’ included in other financial assets represent revenues in excess of amounts billed to clients as at the balance sheet date. ‘Unearned revenue’ included in other current liabilities represent billings in excess of revenues recognized.

Interest

Interest income is recognized as it accrues in the standalone statement of profit and loss using effective interest rate method.

e. Property, plant and equipment

Plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met, directly attributable cost of bringing the plant and equipment to its working condition for the intended use and cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss as incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of the assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts of the assets and are recognized in the standalone statement of profit and loss when the assets are derecognized.

f. Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and the related expenditure is reflected in the standalone statement of profit and loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

g. Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and amortization of intangible assets with finite useful lives is calculated on a straight-line basis over the useful lives of the assets estimated by the management, basis technical assessment:

The Company has used the following useful lives to provide depreciation on plant and equipment and amortization of intangible assets:

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

h. Impairment Financial assets

The Company assesses at each date of balance sheet whether a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. Ind AS 109 (‘Financial instruments’) requires expected credit losses to be measured through a loss allowance. The Company recognises lifetime expected losses for all contract assets and/ or all trade receivables that do not constitute a financing transaction. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month expected credit losses or at an amount equal to the life time expected credit losses if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition.

Impairment of non-financial assets

Non-financial assets including Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets with finite life are evaluated for recoverability whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount (i.e. higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset’s or CGU’s recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

i. Equity investments in subsidiaries

Investments in subsidiaries are classified as non-current investments. Impairment recognized, if any, is reduced from the carrying value.

On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the standalone statement of profit and loss.

j. Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

Company as a lessee:

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease.

Finance leases are capitalised at the commencement of the lease at the inception date at fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognised in finance costs in the standalone statement of profit and loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalized in accordance with the Company’s general policy on the borrowing costs. A leased asset is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.

Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the standalone statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the lease escalations are linked to inflation, in such a case the lease expense is recognised as per the terms of the lease arrangement.

k. Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets and liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contract that gives rise to financial assets and liabilities. Financial assets and liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value measured on initial recognition of financial asset or financial liability.

Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and having original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of balances with banks which are unrestricted for withdrawal and usage.

Financial assets at amortized cost

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortized cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition. The transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are immediately recognised in standalone statement of profit and loss.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method, except for contingent consideration recognized in a business combination which is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the balance sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

Derecognition of financial assets and liabilities

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire or it transfers the financial asset and the transfer qualifies for derecognition under Ind AS 109. A financial liability (or a part of a financial liability) is derecognized when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial asset/ liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

Embedded derivatives

If the hybrid contract contains a host that is a financial asset within the scope of Ind AS 109, the Company does not separate embedded derivatives. Rather, it applies the classification requirements contained in Ind AS 109 to the entirehybrid contract.Derivatives embedded in all other host contracts are accounted for as separate derivatives and recorded at fair value if their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the host contracts are not held for trading or designated at fair value though profit or loss. These embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss, unless designated as effective hedging instruments.

Compound financial instruments

Compound financial instruments in the form of Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (“FCCBs”) are separated into liability and equity components based on the terms of the contract. On issuance of the Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds, the fair value of the liability component is determined using a market rate for an equivalent non-convertible instrument. This amount is classified as a financial liability measured at amortized cost (net of transaction costs) until it is extinguished on conversion or redemption.

The remainder of the proceeds is allocated to the conversion option that is recognised and included in other equity since conversion option meets Ind AS 32 criteria for fixed to fixed classification. Transaction costs are deducted from other equity, net of associated income tax. The carrying amount of the conversion option is not remeasured in subsequent years.

Transaction costs are apportioned between the liability and equity components of the Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds based on the allocation of proceeds to the liability and equity components when the instruments are initially recognised.

Reclassification of financial assets

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company’s senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company’s operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the standalone balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

Fair value of financial instruments

In determining the fair value of its financial instruments, the Company uses following hierarchy and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each reporting date.

Fair value hierarchy

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the standalone financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the standalone financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

l. Borrowing cost

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

m. Standalone statement of cash flows

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit/ (loss) for the period is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature or any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

n. Employee share based payments

The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock options plans using the fair valuation method in accordance with Ind AS 102, Share-Based Payment. Compensation expense is amortized over the vesting period of the option on a straight line basis. The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model (Black-Scholes valuation model). That cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in employee stock options reserves in other equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company’s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

o. Employee benefits

Employee benefits include provident fund, gratuity and compensated absences.

Defined contribution plans

Contributions payable to recognized provident funds, which are defined contribution schemes, are charged to the standalone statement of profit and loss.

Defined benefit plans

Gratuity, which is a defined benefit plan, is accrued based on an independent actuarial valuation, which is done based on project unit credit method as at the balance sheet date. The Company recognizes the net obligation of a defined benefit plan in its balance sheet as an asset or liability. Gains and losses through re-measurements of the net defined benefit liability/ (asset) are recognized in other comprehensive income. In accordance with Ind AS, re-measurement gains and losses on defined benefit plans recognised in OCI are not to be subsequently reclassified to the standalone statement of profit and loss. As required under Ind AS compliant Schedule III, the Company transfers it immediately to ‘Surplus/ (deficit) in the statement of profit loss’.

Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognised during the year when the employees render the service. Compensated absences, which are expected to be utilised within the next 12 months, are treated as short-term employee benefits. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

Long-term employee benefits

Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related services are treated as long-term employee benefits for measurement purpose. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year end, less the fair value of the plan assets out of which the obligations are expected to be settled. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the standalone statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

The Company presents the entire compensated absences balance as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for twelve months after the reporting date.

p. Foreign currencies

Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded in the functional currency of the Company by applying exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. For practical reasons, the Company uses an average rate if the average approximates the actual rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are restated into the functional currency using exchange rates prevailing on the balance sheet date.

Gains and losses arising on settlement and restatement of foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are included in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

The Company’s standalone financial statements are presented in INR (H). The Company determines the functional currency as INR on the basis of primary economic environment in which the entity operates.

q. Taxes on income

Income tax expense comprises current tax expense and the net change in the deferred tax asset or liability during the year. Current and deferred tax are recognised in standalone statement of profit and loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in other equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in other equity, respectively.

Current income tax

Current income tax for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities based on the taxable income for that period. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

Deferred income tax

Deferred income tax is recognised using the balance sheet approach, deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences at the balance sheet date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes, except when the deferred income tax arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction.

Deferred income tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized.

Deferred income taxes are not provided on the undistributed earnings of branches where it is expected that the earnings of the branch will not be distributed in the foreseeable future.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.

Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternative Tax (“MAT”) paid in accordance with the tax laws in India, which is likely to give future economic benefits in the form of availability of set off against future income tax liability. Accordingly, MAT is recognized as deferred tax asset in the balance sheet when the asset can be measured reliably and it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with the asset will be realized.

r. Provision and contingencies

A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. If the effect of time value of money is material, provision is discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

Provisions for onerous contracts, i.e. contracts where the expected unavoidable costs of meeting obligations under a contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received, are recognized when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle a present obligation as a result of an obligating event, based on a reliable estimate of such obligation.

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the standalone financial statements.

s. Earnings/ (loss) per share

Basic earnings/ (loss) per share is computed by dividing the profit/ (loss) after tax attributable to the equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/ (loss) after tax as adjusted for dividend, interest (net of any attributable taxes) other charges to expense or income relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Potential equity shares are deemed to be dilutive only if their conversion to equity shares would decrease the net profit per share or increase the net loss per share. Potential dilutive equity shares are deemed to be converted as at the beginning of the period, unless they have been issued at a later date. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the shares been actually issued at fair value (i.e. average market value of the outstanding shares). Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented.

t. Segment reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker.

The Company identifies primary segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organization and management structure. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit/ loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the Executive Management in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies of the Company. Segment revenue, segment expenses, segment assets and segment liabilities have been identified to the segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment.

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.

Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on a reasonable basis have been included under ‘unallocated revenue/ expenses/ assets/ liabilities’.


Mar 31, 2017

1. Corporate information

Subex Limited ("the Company" or "Subex") a public limited company incorporated in 1994, is a leading global provider of Operations and Business Support Systems (OSS/BSS) to communication service providers (CSPs) worldwide in the Telecom industry.

The Company pioneered the concept of a Revenue Operations Centre (ROC) - a centralized approach that sustains profitable growth and financial health for the CSPs through coordinated operational control. Subex''s product portfolio powers the ROC and its best-in-class solutions enable new service creation, operational transformation, subscriber-centric fulfilment, provisioning automation, data integrity management, revenue assurance, cost management, fraud management and interconnect / interparty settlement. Subex also offers a scalable Managed Services Program. The CSPs achieve competitive advantage through Business Optimization and Service Agility and improve their operational efficiency to deliver enhanced service experiences to their subscribers. The Company has its registered office in Bengaluru and operates through its wholly owned subsidiaries in India, USA, UK, Singapore, Canada and UAE and branches in USA, UK, Canada, Australia, Italy, UAE and Saudi Arabia.

These standalone financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2017 are approved by the Board of Directors on May 25, 2017.

2. Significant accounting policies

a. Basis of preparation

In accordance with the notification issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, the Company has adopted Indian Accounting Standards ("Ind AS") notified under The Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and The Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) amendment Rules 2016, as amended with effect from April 1, 2016. The standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared and presented in accordance with Ind AS. Previous year numbers in the standalone financial statements have been restated to Ind AS. In accordance with Ind AS 101 First-time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards, the Company has presented a reconciliation from the presentation of standalone financial statements under Accounting Standards notified under The Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 ("Previous GAAP") to Ind AS of Shareholders'' equity as at March 31, 2016 and April 1, 2015 and of the comprehensive net income for the year ended March 31, 2016. (refer note 41 for reconciliations and effects of transition).

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, as explained further in the accounting policies below. The standalone financial statements are presented in INR (''C'') and all the values are rounded off to the nearest lakhs (INR 00,000) except when otherwise indicated.

b. Use of estimates, assumptions and judgments

The preparation of the standalone financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires the management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the standalone financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the year reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the year in which the estimates are revised and future periods are affected.

Key source of estimation of uncertainty as at the date of standalone financial statements, which may cause a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, is in respect of the following:

Revenue recognition

The Company uses the percentage of completion method in accounting for revenue from implementation and customization projects. Use of the percentage of completion method requires the Company to estimate the efforts to date as a proportion of the total efforts. Efforts have been used to measure progress towards completion as there is a direct relationship between input and productivity. Provisions for estimated losses, if any, on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the year in which such losses become probable based on the expected contract estimates at the reporting date.

Impairment of non-financial assets

Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit ("CGU") exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The fair value less costs of disposal calculation is based on available data from binding sales transactions, conducted at arm''s length, for similar assets or observable market prices less incremental costs for disposing of the asset. The value in use calculation is based on a discounted cash flow ("DCF") model. The cash flows are derived from the budget for future years and do not include restructuring activities that the Company is not yet committed to or significant future investments that will enhance the asset''s performance of the CGU being tested. The recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for the DCF model as well as the expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used for extrapolation purposes.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company assesses impairment of financial assets (''Financial instruments'') and recognizes expected credit losses in accordance with Ind AS 109. The Company provides for impairment of trade receivables and unbilled revenue outstanding for more than 1 year from the date they are due for payment and billing respectively. The Company also assesses for impairment of financial assets on specific identification basis at each period end. Also, refer note 2(h).

The Company provides for impairment of investment in subsidiaries. Impairment exists when there is a diminution in value of the investment and the recoverable value of such investment is lower than the carrying value of such investment.

Defined benefit plans

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and other post-employment benefits and the present value of the gratuity obligation is determined using actuarial valuation. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date (refer note 37).

The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate for plans operated in India, the management considers the interest rates of government bonds in currencies consistent with the currencies of the post-employment benefit obligation.

The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. These mortality tables tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases and gratuity increases are based on expected future inflation rates.

Fair Value measurement of financial instruments

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using internal valuation techniques. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgment is required in establishing fair values. Judgments include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments. Also, refer note 2(k).

Share-based payments

Estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions requires determination of the most appropriate valuation model, which is dependent on the terms and conditions of the grant. This estimate also requires determination of the most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share option, volatility and dividend yield and making assumptions about them. The assumptions and models used for estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions are disclosed in note 36.

Taxes

The Company''s tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgments are involved in determining the provision for income taxes and tax credits including the amount expected to be paid or refunded. Also refer note 2(q) and note 21.

c. Current/ non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/non-current classification.

An asset is treated as current when it is:

- Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading

- Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities, respectively.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

d. Revenue recognition

The Company derives its revenues primarily from sale and implementation of its license and implementation of its proprietary software and managed/support services.

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized:

Revenues from licensing arrangements is recognized on transfer of the title in user licenses, except those contracts where transfer of title is dependent upon rendering of significant implementation and other services by the Company, in which case revenue is recognized over the implementation period in accordance with the specific terms of the contracts with clients.

Revenue from implementation and customization services is recognized using the percentage of completion method. Percentage of completion is determined on the basis of completed efforts against the total estimated efforts, which represent the fair value of services rendered.

Revenue from managed/support services comprise income from fixed price contracts, time-and-material contracts and annual maintenance contracts. Revenue from fixed price contracts is recognized over the period of the contracts using the percentage of completion method. Revenue from time and material contracts is recognized when the services are rendered in accordance with the terms of contracts. Revenue from annual maintenance contracts is recognized ratably over the period of the contracts.

Revenue from sale of hardware under reseller arrangements is recognized when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of goods to customers. Revenue is shown as net of sales tax, value added tax, other taxes and applicable discounts.

In case of multiple element arrangements for sale of software license, related implementation and maintenance services the Company has applied the guidance in Ind AS18, by applying the revenue recognition criteria for each separately identifiable component of a single transaction. The arrangements generally meet the criteria for considering the sale of software license, related implementation and maintain services as separately identifiable components. For allocating the consideration, the Company has measured the revenue in respect of each separable component of a transaction at its fair value, in accordance with principles given in Ind AS 18. The price that is regularly charged for an item when sold separately is the best evidence of its fair value. In cases where the company is unable to establish objective and reliable evidence of fair value for the aforesaid services, the Company has used a residual method to allocate the arrangement consideration. In these cases the balance of the consideration, after allocating the fair values of undelivered components of a transaction has been allocated to the delivered components for which specific fair values do not exist.

The Company collects service tax, sales tax and other taxes as applicable in the respective tax jurisdictions where the Company operates, on behalf of the government and therefore it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company. Hence it is excluded from revenue.

Provisions for estimated losses on contracts are recorded in the period in which such losses become probable based on the current contract estimates. ''Unbilled revenue'' included in the other financial assets represent revenues in excess of amounts billed to clients as at the balance sheet date. ''Unearned revenue'' included in the current liabilities represent billings in excess of revenues recognized.

Interest:

Interest income is recognized as it accrues in the standalone statement of profit and loss using effective interest rate method.

e. Property, plant and equipment

At the date of transition to Ind AS the Company has evaluated the cost of its plant and equipment and has regarded the carrying value under previous GAAP (''Indian GAAP'') as at such date as the deemed cost.

Plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met, directly attributable cost of bringing the plant and equipment to its working condition for the intended use and cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in standalone statement of profit or loss as incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of the assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts of the assets and are recognized in the standalone statement of profit and loss when the assets are derecognized.

f. Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and the related expenditure is reflected in standalone statement of profit and loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the standalone statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

g. Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment and amortization on intangible assets with finite useful lives is calculated on a straight-line basis over the useful lives of the assets estimated by the management.

The Company has used the following useful lives to provide depreciation on plant and equipment and amortization of intangible assets:

* Based on an internal evaluation, management believes that the useful lives as given above are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used. Hence, the useful lives for these assets is different from the useful lives as prescribed under part C of Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

h. Impairment Financial Assets:

The Company assesses at each date of balance sheet whether a financial asset or a Group of financial assets is impaired. Ind AS 109 (''Financial instruments'') requires expected credit losses to be measured through a loss allowance. The Company recognizes lifetime expected losses for all contract assets and/or all trade receivables that do not constitute a financing transaction. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month expected credit losses or at an amount equal to the life time expected credit losses if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition.

Impairment of non-financial assets:

Non-financial assets including Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets with finite life are evaluated for recoverability whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount (i.e. higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognized in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognized impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or CGU''s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the standalone statement of profit and loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

i. Equity investments in subsidiaries

Investments in subsidiaries are classified as non-current investments. The Company has availed the option available in Ind AS 27 to carry its investment in subsidiaries at cost. Impairment recognized, if any, is reduced from the carrying value.

On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the standalone statement of profit and loss.

j. Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

For arrangements entered into prior to April 1, 2015, the Company has determined whether the arrangement contain lease on the basis of facts and circumstances existing on the date of transition.

Company as a lessee:

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease.

Finance leases are capitalized at the commencement of the lease at the inception date at fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognized in finance costs in the standalone statement of profit and loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalized in accordance with the Company''s general policy on the borrowing costs.

A leased asset is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.

Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the standalone statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the lease escalations are linked to inflation, in such a case the lease expense is recognized as per the terms of the lease arrangement.

k. Financial instruments

Financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets and liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contract that gives rise to financial assets and liabilities. Financial assets and liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value measured on initial recognition of financial asset or financial liability.

Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and having original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of balances with banks which are unrestricted for withdrawal and usage.

Financial assets at amortized cost

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortized cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition. The transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are immediately recognized in standalone statement of profit and loss.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method, except for contingent consideration recognized in a business combination which is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the balance sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

Derecognition of financial assets and liabilities

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire or it transfers the financial asset and the transfer qualifies for derecognition under Ind AS 109. A financial liability (or a part of a financial liability) is derecognized when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial asset/ liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

Embedded derivatives

If the hybrid contract contains a host that is a financial asset within the scope of Ind AS 109, the Company does not separate embedded derivatives. Rather, it applies the classification requirements contained in Ind AS 109 to the entire hybrid contract. Derivatives embedded in all other host contracts are accounted for as separate derivatives and recorded at fair value if their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the host contracts are not held for trading or designated at fair value though profit or loss. These embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in profit or loss, unless designated as effective hedging instruments.

Compound financial instruments

Compound financial instruments in the form of Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds ("FCCBs") are separated into liability and equity components based on the terms of the contract. On issuance of the Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds, the fair value of the liability component is determined using a market rate for an equivalent non-convertible instrument. This amount is classified as a financial liability measured at amortized cost (net of transaction costs) until it is extinguished on conversion or redemption.

The remainder of the proceeds is allocated to the conversion option that is recognized and included in other equity since conversion option meets Ind AS 32 criteria for fixed to fixed classification. Transaction costs are deducted from other equity, net of associated income tax. The carrying amount of the conversion option is not premeasured in subsequent years.

Transaction costs are apportioned between the liability and equity components of the Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds based on the allocation of proceeds to the liability and equity components when the instruments are initially recognized.

Reclassification of financial assets

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company''s senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company''s operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognized gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the standalone balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

Fair value of financial instruments

In determining the fair value of its financial instruments, the Company uses following hierarchy and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each reporting date.

Fair value hierarchy:

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the standalone financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the standalone financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

l. Borrowing cost

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

m. Standalone statement of cash flow

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit/(loss) for the period is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

n. Employee share based payments

The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock options plans using the fair valuation method in accordance with Ind AS 102, Share-Based Payment. Compensation expense is amortized over the vesting period of the option on a straight line basis. The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model (Black-Scholes valuation model). That cost is recognized, together with a corresponding increase in employee stock options reserves in other equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognized for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

o. Employee benefits

Employee benefits include provident fund, gratuity and compensated absences.

Defined contribution plans

Contributions payable to recognized provident funds, which are defined contribution schemes, are charged to the standalone statement of profit and loss.

Defined benefit plans

Gratuity, which is a defined benefit plan, is accrued based on an independent actuarial valuation, which is done based on project unit credit method as at the balance sheet date. The Company recognizes the net obligation of a defined benefit plan in its balance sheet as an asset or liability. Gains and losses through re-measurements of the net defined benefit liability/ (asset) are recognized in other comprehensive income. In accordance with Ind AS, re-measurement gains and losses on defined benefit plans recognized in OCI are not to be subsequently reclassified to the standalone statement of profit and loss. As required under Ind AS compliant Schedule III, the Company transfers it immediately to "surplus/(deficit) in the statement of profit and loss".

Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognized during the year when the employees render the service. Compensated absences, which are expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, are treated as short-term employee benefits. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

Long-term employee benefits

Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related services are treated as long-term employee benefits for measurement purpose. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year end, less the fair value of the plan assets out of which the obligations are expected to be settled. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the standalone statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

The Company presents the entire compensated absences balance as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for twelve months after the reporting date.

p. Foreign currencies

Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded in the functional currency of the Company by applying exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. For practical reasons, the Company uses an average rate if the average approximates the actual rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are restated into the functional currency using exchange rates prevailing on the balance sheet date.

Gains and losses arising on settlement and restatement of foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are included in the standalone statement of profit and loss.

The Company''s standalone financial statements are presented in INR. The Company determines the functional currency as INR on the basis of primary economic environment in which the entity operates.

q. Taxes on income

Income tax expense comprises current tax expense and the net change in the deferred tax asset or liability during the year. Current and deferred tax are recognized in the standalone statement of profit and loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in other equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

Current income tax

Current income tax for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities based on the taxable income for that period. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

Deferred income tax

Deferred income tax is recognized using the balance sheet approach, deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences at the balance sheet date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes, except when the deferred income tax arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction.

Deferred income tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized.

Deferred income taxes are not provided on the undistributed earnings of branches where it is expected that the earnings of the branch will not be distributed in the foreseeable future.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.

Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternative Tax (''MAT'') paid in accordance with the tax laws in India, which is likely to give future economic benefits in the form of availability of set off against future income tax liability. Accordingly, MAT is recognized as deferred tax asset in the balance sheet when the asset can be measured reliably and it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with the asset will be realized.

r. Provision and contingencies

A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. If the effect of time value of money is material, provision is discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.

Provisions for onerous contracts, i.e. contracts where the expected unavoidable costs of meeting obligations under a contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received, are recognized when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle a present obligation as a result of an obligating event, based on a reliable estimate of such obligation.

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the standalone financial statements.

s. Earnings/(loss) per share

Basic earnings/(loss) per share is computed by dividing the profit/(loss) after tax attributable to the equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/(loss) after tax as adjusted for dividend, interest (net of any attributable taxes) other charges to expense or income relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Potential equity shares are deemed to be dilutive only if their conversion to equity shares would decrease the net profit per share or increase the net loss per share. Potential dilutive equity shares are deemed to be converted as at the beginning of the period, unless they have been issued at a later date. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the shares been actually issued at fair value (i.e. average market value of the outstanding shares). Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented.

t. Segment reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker.

The Company identifies primary segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organization and management structure. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit/loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the Executive Management in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies of the Company. Segment revenue, segment expenses, segment assets and segment liabilities have been identified to the segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment.

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.

Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on a reasonable basis have been included under ''unallocated revenue/expenses/assets/liabilities''.

u. Measurement of EBIT

As permitted by the Guidance Note on the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, the Company has elected to present earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) as a separate line item on the face of the standalone statement of profit and loss. The Company measures EBIT on the basis of profit/(loss) from its operations. In its measurement, the Company does not include, interest income, finance costs and tax expense.


Mar 31, 2016

1 Corporate information

Subex Limited ("the Company" or ''''Subex") a public limited company incorporated in 1994, is a leading global provider of Operations and Business Support Systems (OSS/BSS) to communication service providers (CSPs) worldwide in the Telecom industry.

The Company pioneered the concept of a Revenue Operations Centre (ROC) - a centralized approach that sustains profitable growth and financial health for the CSPs through coordinated operational control. Subex''s product portfolio powers the ROC and its best-in-class solutions enable new service creation, operational transformation, subscriber-centric fulfillment, provisioning automation, data integrity management, revenue assurance, cost management, fraud management and interconnect / interparty settlement. Subex also offers a scalable Managed Services Program. The CSPs achieve competitive advantage through Business Optimization and Service Agility and improve their operational efficiency to deliver enhanced service experiences to their subscribers. The Company has its registered office in Bengaluru and operates through its wholly owned subsidiaries in India, USA, UK, Singapore, Canada and UAE and branches in USA, UK, Canada, Australia, Italy, UAE and Saudi Arabia.

2 Significant accounting policies

I Basis of preparation of financial statements

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (Indian GAAP) to comply in all material respects with the Accounting Standards notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014. The financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the historical cost convention. The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are consistent with those followed in the previous year.

II Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in the future periods.

III Revenue recognition

The Company derives its revenues primarily from sale of license and implementation of its proprietary software and managed/ support services.

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized: Revenues from licensing arrangements is recognized on transfer of the title in user licenses, except those contracts where transfer of title is dependent upon rendering of significant implementation and other services by the Company, in which cases revenue is recognized over the implementation period in accordance with the specific terms of the contracts with clients.

Revenue from implementation and customization services is recognized using the percentage of completion method. Percentage of completion is determined on the basis of completed milestones, which represent the fair value of services rendered.

Revenue from managed/ support services comprise income from fixed price contracts, time-and-material contracts and annual maintenance contracts. Revenue from fixed price contracts is recognized over the period of the contracts using the percentage of completion method. Revenue from time and material contracts is recognized when the services are rendered in accordance with the terms of contracts. Revenue from annual maintenance contracts is recognized rate ably over the period of the contracts.

The Company collects service tax and sales tax on behalf of the government and therefore it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company. Hence it is excluded from revenue.

Revenue from sale of hardware under reseller arrangements is recognized when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of goods to customers. Revenue is shown as net of sales tax; value added tax and applicable discounts.

Provisions for estimated losses on contracts are recorded in the period in which such losses become probable based on the current contract estimates. ''Unbilled revenue'' included in the current assets represent revenues in excess of amounts billed to clients as at the balance sheet date. ''Unearned revenue'' included in the current liabilities represent billings in excess of revenues recognized.

Interest:

Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head "interest income" in the statement of profit and loss.

IV Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met, directly attributable cost of bringing the tangible fixed asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of tangible fixed asset is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing tangible fixed asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance. All other expenses on existing tangible fixed assets, including day-to-day repairs and maintenance expenditure are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

Exchange differences arising on restatement / settlement of long-term foreign currency borrowings relating to acquisition of depreciable tangible fixed assets are adjusted to the cost of the respective tangible fixed assets and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such tangible fixed assets. In accordance with MCA circular dated August 09, 2012, exchange difference adjusted to the cost of tangible fixed asset is the total difference, arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items pertaining to the acquisition of a depreciable tangible fixed asset, for the period. In other words, the Company does not differentiate between exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost and other exchange differences.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of a tangible fixed assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the tangible fixed assets and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the tangible fixed assets are derecognized.

V Intangible assets

Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment losses, if any. The cost of an intangible asset comprises its purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met, directly attributable cost of bringing the intangible asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.

Subsequent expenditure on an intangible asset after its purchase / completion is recognized as an expense when incurred unless it is probable that such expenditure will enable the intangible asset to generate future economic benefits in excess of its originally assessed standards of performance and such expenditure can be measured and attributed to the intangible asset reliably, in which case such expenditure is added to the cost of the intangible asset.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the intangible asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the intangible asset is derecognized.

VI Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation on tangible fixed assets:

Depreciable amount for tangible fixed assets is the cost of the asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less its estimated residual value. Depreciation on tangible fixed assets is calculated on a straight-line method based on the useful lives estimated by the management.

And, the individual assets costing less than Rs.5,000 are depreciated in full, in the year of purchase.

The Company has used the following useful lives to provide depreciation on its tangible assets:

Useful lives estimated by the management

Useful lives as per Companies Act. 2013

Computer hardware

3 years

3 years

Furniture and fixtures*

5 years

10 years

Vehicles*

5 years

10 years

Office equipment''s *

5 years

3 years

* Based on an internal evaluation, the management believes that the useful lives as given above best represent the period over which management expects to use these assets. Hence, the useful lives for these assets is different from the useful lives as prescribed under part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act 2013.

Amortization of intangible assets:

Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life. The Company uses a rebuttable assumption that the useful life of an intangible asset will not exceed ten years from the date when the asset is available for use. If the persuasive evidence exists to the effect that useful life of an intangible asset exceeds ten years, the Company amortises the intangible asset over the best estimate of its useful life.

The amortization period and the amortization method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the amortization period is changed accordingly. If there has been a significant change in the expected pattern of economic benefits from the asset, the amortization method is changed to reflect the changed pattern. Such changes are accounted for in accordance with AS 5 Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes In Accounting Policies.

A summary of amortization policies applied to the Company''s intangible assets is as below:

Computer software 4 years

Goodwill 5 years

Intellectual property rights 5 years

VII Leases

Assets leased by the Company in its capacity as lessee where substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership vest in the Company are classified as finance leases. Such leases are capitalized at the inception of the lease at the lower of the fair value of leased asset and the present value of the minimum lease payments and a liability is created for an equivalent amount. Each lease rental paid is allocated between the liability and the interest cost so as to achieve a constant periodic rate of interest on the outstanding liability for each year. Finance charges are recognized as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss. Lease management fees, legal charges and other initial direct costs of lease are capitalized.

A leased asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain the ownership by the end of the lease term, the capitalized asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term.

Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vest with the less or are recognized as operating leases. Lease rentals under operating leases are recognized in the statement of profit and loss on a straight line basis over the lease term.

VIII Impairment of tangible and intangible assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating units (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s cash-generating unit to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations are generally covering a period of five years. For longer periods, a long term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.

The impairment loss is recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss, except for previously revalued tangible fixed assets, where the revaluation was taken to revaluation reserve. In this case, the impairment is also recognized in the revaluation reserve up to the amount of any previous revaluation.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or CGU''s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit and loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

IX Employee share based payments

The Company has formulated Employee Stock Option Schemes (ESOS) for employees of the Company in the form of share based payment transactions, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).

In accordance with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Share Based Employee Benefits) Regulations, 2014 and the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, the cost of equity settled transactions is measured using the intrinsic value method. The Schemes provide for grant of options to employees of the Company and its subsidiaries to acquire equity shares of the Company that vest in a graded manner and that are to be exercised within a specified period. Intrinsic value is the amount by which the quoted market price on the day prior to the grant of the options under ESOS exceeds the exercise price of the option. In accordance with the SEBI regulations, the intrinsic value is amortized on a straight line basis over the vesting period i.e. the Cumulative expense recognized for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The expense or credit recognized in the statement of profit and loss for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognized as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognized in employee benefits expense.

X Employee benefits

Employee benefits include provident fund, gratuity, and employee state insurance and compensated absences.

(a) Defined contribution plans:

The Company''s contribution to provident fund and employee state insurance scheme is considered as defined contribution plan and is charged as an expense as and when services are rendered by the employees. These contributions are paid/payable in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.

(b) Defined benefit plans:

For defined benefit plans in the form of gratuity, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which they occur.

(c) Short-term employee benefits:

Short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognized during the year when the employees render the service. Compensated absences, which are expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, are treated as short-term employee benefits. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

(d) Long-term employee benefits:

Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related services are treated as long-term employee benefits for measurement purpose. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year end, less the fair value of the plan assets out of which the obligations are expected to be settled. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

The Company presents the entire compensated absences balance as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for twelve months after the reporting date. "

XI Foreign currency transactions and translation Initial recognition:

Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction or at rates that closely approximate the rate at the date of the transaction.

Conversion:

Foreign currency monetary items are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.

Exchange differences:

The Company accounts for exchange differences arising on translation/ settlement of foreign currency monetary items as below:

1. Exchange differences arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of the Company''s net investment in a non-integral foreign operation is accumulated in the foreign currency translation reserve until the disposal of the net investment. On the disposal of such net investment, the cumulative amount of the exchange differences which have been deferred and which relate to that investment is recognized as income or as expenses in the same period in which the gain or loss on disposal is recognized.

2. Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items related to acquisition of a fixed asset are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset.

3. Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency monetary items are accumulated in the "Foreign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Account" and amortized over the remaining life of the concerned monetary item.

4. All other exchange differences are recognized as income or as expenses in the period in which they arise.

For the purpose of 2 and 3 above, the Company treats a foreign monetary item as "long-term foreign currency monetary item", if it has a term of 12 months or more at the date of its origination.

The Company has adopted the amendments to Accounting Standard 11 "The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates" that were notified during the year ended March 31, 2012. Pursuant to this amendment, exchange fluctuations arising on restatement of all long term monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded or reported in the previous financial statements (whichever is later), are accumulated in a Foreign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference account and are amortized over the balance period of such long term asset / liability.

The financial statements of an integral foreign operation are translated as if the transactions of the foreign operations have been those of the Company itself.

XII Investments

Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.

On initial recognition, all investments are measured at cost. The cost comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties. If an investment is acquired, or partly acquired, by the issue of shares or other securities, the acquisition cost is the fair value of the securities issued. If an investment is acquired in exchange for another asset, the acquisition is determined by reference to the fair value of the asset given up or by reference to the fair value of the investment acquired, whichever is more clearly evident.

Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.

On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

XIII Taxes on income

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws prevailing in the respective tax jurisdictions where the Company operates. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss. Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. MAT payment which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, MAT is recognized as an asset in the balance sheet when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with it will flow to the Company and can be measured reliably, MAT credit is recognized in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961, by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement".

The Company reviews the "MAT Credit Entitlement" asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

Deferred tax is recognized on timing differences, being the differences between the taxable income and the accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all timing differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for timing differences of other items only to the extent that reasonable certainty exists that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these can be realized. However, if there are unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses and items relating to capital losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that there will be sufficient future taxable income available to realize the assets.

Deferred income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax asset to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing tax laws and the Company has a legally enforceable right for such set off.

XIV Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprises cash in hand and cash at bank and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

XV Provisions and contingencies Provisions:

A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These estimates are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

Contingent liabilities:

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

XVI Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing the profit / (loss) after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit / (loss) after tax as adjusted for dividend, interest (net of any attributable taxes) and other charges to expense or income relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for computing basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Potential equity shares are deemed to be dilutive only if their conversion to equity shares would decrease the net profit per share from continuing ordinary operations. Potential dilutive equity shares are deemed to be converted as at the beginning of the period, unless they have been issued at a later date. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the shares been actually issued at fair value (i.e. average market value of the outstanding shares). Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented. The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted for share splits / reverse share splits and bonus shares, as appropriate.

XVII Segment reporting

The Company identifies primary segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organization and management structure. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit/loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the Executive Management in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Group operate.

The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies of the Company. Segment revenue, segment expenses, segment assets and segment liabilities have been identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment.

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.

Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on a reasonable basis have been included under ''unallocated revenue / expenses / assets / liabilities''.

XVIII operating cycle

Based on the nature of products / activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets and their realization in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has determined its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities as current and non-current.

XIX Measurement of EBITDA

As permitted by the Guidance Note on the Revised Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956, the Company has elected to present earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) as a separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. The Company measures EBITDA on the basis of profit/(loss) from operations. In its measurement, the Company does not include depreciation and amortization expense, interest income, finance costs and tax expense


Mar 31, 2015

I. Basis for preparation of financial statements

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (Indian GAAP) to comply with the Accounting Standards specified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the 2013 Act") / Companies Act, 1956 ("the 1956 Act"), as applicable, except to the extent permitted under the Proposal approved by the Hon''ble High Court of Karnataka (Refer Note 25). The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are consistent with those followed in the previous year.

II. Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) and the reported income and expenses during the year. The Management believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could differ due to these estimates and the differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognised in the periods in which the results are known / materialise.

III. Revenue recognition

Revenue from Contracts for software product license includes fees for transfer of licenses, installation and commissioning. This revenue is recognized on the basis of milestones achieved, determined based on percentage of completion of work completed at each milestone as compared to the work involved in the overall scope of the contract. In the event of any expected losses on a contract, the entire amount is provided for in the accounting period in which such losses are first anticipated.

Revenue from sale of software licenses (including additional licenses) are recognized on transfer of such licenses.

In case of composite contracts involving granting of license and support services, license revenues are recognized on transfer of the license if identified separately and in other cases, they are recognized over the period of the contract along with revenue from support services.

Revenue from Software development is recognized on the basis of chargeable time or achievement of prescribed milestones as relevant to each contract.

Sale of hardware under reseller arrangements are recognized on dispatch of goods to customers and are recorded net of discounts, rebates for price adjustment, projections, shortage in transit, taxes and duties.

Maintenance and service income is recognised on time proportion basis.

IV. Tangible fixed assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition inclusive of freight, duties, taxes and other direct expenditure incurred. Assets acquired on hire purchase are capitalised at gross value and interest thereon is charged to revenue.

Exchange differences arising on restatement / settlement of long-term foreign currency borrowings relating to acquisition of depreciable

fixed assets are adjusted to the cost of the respective assets and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets. Subsequent expenditure relating to fixed assets is capitalised only if such expenditure results in an increase in the future benefits from such asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance. Fixed assets acquired and put to use for project purpose are capitalised and depreciation thereon is included in the project cost till the project is ready for its intended use.

V. Intangible assets

Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any. The cost of an intangible asset comprises its purchase price, including any import duties and other taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from the taxing authorities), and any directly attributable expenditure on making the asset ready for its intended use and net of any trade discounts and rebates. Subsequent expenditure on an intangible asset after its purchase / completion is recognised as an expense when incurred unless it is probable that such expenditure will enable the asset to generate future economic benefits in excess of its originally assessed standards of performance and such expenditure can be measured and attributed to the asset reliably, in which case such expenditure is added to the cost of the asset (Refer Note: 2.XI for accounting for R&D expenses).

VI. Depreciation & amortisation

Depreciable amount for assets is the cost of the asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less its estimated residual value. Depreciation on tangible fixed assets has been provided on the straight-line method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. (Also refer Note 38.2)

Individual assets costing less than RS. 5,000 are depreciated in full, in the year of purchase.

The estimated useful life of the intangible assets and the amortisation period are reviewed at the end of each financial year and the amortisation method is revised to reflect the changed pattern.

VII. Employee share based payments

The Company has formulated Employee Stock Option Schemes (ESOS) in accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999. The Schemes provide for grant of options to employees of the Company and its subsidiaries to acquire equity shares of the Company that vest in a graded manner and that are to be exercised within a specified period. The Company has used intrinsic value method to account for the compensation cost of stock options. Intrinsic value is the amount by which the quoted market price on the day prior to the grant of the options under ESOS exceeds the exercise price of the option. In accordance with the SEBI guidelines, the intrinsic value is amortised on a straight line basis over the vesting period.

VIII. Employee Benefits

Employee benefits include provident fund, gratuity fund, employee state insurance, compensated absences, retention and performance linked payouts.

Defined contribution plans: The Company''s contribution to provident fund and employee state insurance scheme is considered as defined contribution plan and is charged as an expense as they fall due based on the amount of contribution required to be made and when services are rendered by the employees.

Defined benefit plans: For defined benefit plans in the form of gratuity fund, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they occur. Past service cost is recognised immediately to the extent that the benefits are already vested and otherwise is amortised on a straight-line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested. The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the Balance Sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognised past service cost, as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to past service cost, plus the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the schemes.

Short-term employee benefits: The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognised during the year when the employees render the service. These benefits include

retention and performance linked payouts and compensated absences which are expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related service. The cost of such compensated absences is accounted as under:

(a) in case of accumulated compensated absences, when employees render the services that increase their entitlement of future compensated absences; and

(b) in case of non-accumulating compensated absences, when the absences occur.

Long-term employee benefits: Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related service are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation as at the Balance Sheet date less the fair value of the plan assets out of which the obligations are expected to be settled.

IX. Other income

Interest income is accounted on accrual basis. Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive it is established.

X. Leases

Assets leased by the Company in its capacity as lessee where substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership vest in the Company are classified as finance leases. Such leases are capitalised at the inception of the lease at the lower of the fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments and a liability is created for an equivalent amount. Each lease rental paid is allocated between the liability and the interest cost so as to obtain a constant periodic rate of interest on the outstanding liability for each year.

Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vest with the lessor are recognised as operating leases. Lease rentals under operating leases are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight line basis.

XI. Research and development

Revenue expenditure pertaining to research is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Development costs of products are also charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Fixed assets utilised for research and development are capitalised and depreciated in accordance with the policies stated for Tangible Fixed Assets and Intangible Assets.

XII. Foreign currency transactions and translation Initial recognition

Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company and its integral foreign operations are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction or at rates that closely approximate the rate at the date of the transaction.

Measurement of foreign currency monetary items at the Balance Sheet date

Foreign currency monetary items (other than derivative contracts) of the Company and its net investment in non-integral foreign operations outstanding at the Balance Sheet date are restated at the year-end rates.

In the case of integral operations, assets and liabilities (other than non-monetary items), are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the Balance Sheet date. Non-monetary items are carried at historical cost. Revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Exchange differences arising out of these translations are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Treatment of exchange differences

Exchange differences arising on settlement / restatement of short-term foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities of the Company and its integral foreign operations are recognised as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The exchange differences on restatement / settlement of loans to non-integral foreign operations that are considered as net investment in such operations are accumulated in a "Foreign currency translation reserve" until disposal / recovery of the net investment.

The exchange differences arising on restatement / settlement of long term foreign currency monetary items are:

* capitalised, if related to acquisition of depreciable fixed assets, and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets; or

* amortised over the maturity period of such items in other cases.

The Company has adopted the amendments to Accounting Standard 11 "The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates" that were notified during the year ended March 31, 2012. Pursuant to this amendment, exchange fluctuations arising on restatement of all long term monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded or reported in the previous financial statements (whichever is later), are accumulated in a Foreign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference account and are amortised over the balance period of such long term asset / liability (Refer Note 28).

Accounting for Forward contracts

Premium / discount on forward exchange contracts, which are not intended for trading or speculation purposes, are amortised over the period of the contracts if such contracts relate to monetary items as at the Balance Sheet date.

Accounting for Derivatives

Derivative contracts in the nature of foreign currency swaps, currency options, forward contracts with an intention to hedge its existing assets and liabilities, firm commitments and highly probable forecast transactions, which are closely linked to the existing assets and liabilities are accounted as per the policy stated for Forward contracts.

All other derivative contracts are marked-to-market and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Gains arising on the same are not recognised, until realised, on grounds of prudence.

XIII. Investments

Long-term investments are stated at cost less diminution in the value of investments that is other than temporary.

XIV. Taxes on income

Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws.

Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as an asset in the Balance Sheet when it is probable that future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company and can be measured reliably.

Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences, being the differences between the taxable income and the accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all timing differences. Deferred tax assets in respect of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses are recognised only if there is virtual certainty that there will be sufficient future taxable income available to realise such assets. Deferred tax assets are recognised for timing differences of other items only to the extent that reasonable certainty exists that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these can be realised. However, if there are unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses and items relating to capital losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainity supported by convincing evidence that there will be sufficient future taxable income available to realise the assets. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing tax laws and the Company has a legally enforceable right for such set off. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date for their readability.

XV. Cash and cash equivalents (for purposes of Cash Flow Statement)

Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

XVI. Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit / (loss) before tax, is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated based on the available information.

XVII. Provisions and Contingencies

A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent liabilities are not provided for but disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

XVIII. Impairment of Assets

The carrying values of assets / cash generating units at each balance sheet date are reviewed for impairment if any indication of impairment exists. The following intangible assets are tested for impairment each financial year even if there is no indication that the asset is impaired:

(a) an intangible asset that is not yet available for use; and (b) an intangible asset that is amortised over a period exceeding ten years from the date when the asset is available for use.

If the carrying amount of the assets exceed the estimated recoverable amount, an impairment is recognised for such excess amount. The impairment loss is recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss, unless the asset is carried at revalued amount, in which case any impairment loss of the revalued asset is treated as a revaluation decrease to the extent a revaluation reserve is available for that asset.

The recoverable amount is the greater of the net selling price and their value in use. Value in use is arrived at by discounting the future cash flows to their present value based on an appropriate discount factor.

When there is indication that an impairment loss recognised for an asset (other than a revalued asset) in earlier accounting periods no longer exists or may have decreased, such reversal of impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, to the extent the amount was previously charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. In case of revalued assets such reversal is not recognised.

XIX. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit / (loss) after tax (including the post tax effect of extraordinary items, if any) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit / (loss) after tax (including the post tax effect of extraordinary items, if any) as adjusted for dividend, interest (net of any attributable taxes) and other charges to expense or income relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Potential equity shares are deemed to be dilutive only if their conversion to equity shares would decrease the net profit per share from continuing ordinary operations. Potential dilutive equity shares are deemed to be converted as at the beginning of the period, unless they have been issued at a later date. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the shares been actually issued at fair value (i.e. average market value of the outstanding shares). Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented. The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted for share splits / reverse share splits and bonus shares, as appropriate.

XX. Segment reporting

The Company identifies primary segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organization and management structure. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit/loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the Executive Management in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

XXI. Operating Cycle

Based on the nature of products / activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has determined its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities as current and non-current.


Mar 31, 2013

I. Basis for preparation of Financial Statements

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (Indian GAAP) to comply with the Accounting Standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 except to the extent permitted under the Proposal approved by the Hon''ble High Court of Karnataka (Refer Note 25). The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis under the historical cost convention. The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are consistent with those followed in the previous year.

II. Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) and the reported income and expenses during the year. The Management believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could differ due to these estimates and the differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognised in the periods in which the results are known/materialised.

III. Revenue recognition

Revenue from Contracts for software product license includes fees for transfer of licenses, installation and commissioning. This revenue is recognized on the basis of milestones achieved, determined based on percentage of completion of work completed at each milestone as compared to the work involved in the overall scope of the contract. In the event of any expected losses on a contract, the entire amount is provided for in the accounting period in which such losses are first anticipated.

Revenue from sale of software licenses (including additional licenses) are recognized on transfer of such licenses.

In case of composite contracts involving granting of license and support services, license revenues are recognized on transfer of the license if identified separately and in other cases, they are recognized over the period of the contract along with revenue from support services.

Revenue from Software development is recognized on the basis of chargeable time or achievement of prescribed milestones as relevant to each contract.

Sale of hardware under reseller arrangements are recognized on dispatch of goods to customers and are recorded net of discounts, rebates for price adjustment, projections, shortage in transit, taxes and duties.

Maintenance and service income is recognised on time proportion basis.

IV. Tangible Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition inclusive of freight, duties, taxes and other direct expenditure incurred. Assets acquired on hire purchase are capitalised at gross value and interest thereon is charged to revenue.

Exchange differences arising on restatement/settlement of long-term foreign currency borrowings relating to acquisition of depreciable fixed assets are adjusted to the cost of the respective assets and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets. Subsequent expenditure relating to fixed assets is capitalised only if such expenditure results in an increase in the future benefits from such asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance. Fixed assets acquired and put to use for project purpose are capitalised and depreciation thereon is included in the project cost till commissioning of the project.

V. Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any. The cost of an intangible asset comprises its purchase price, including any import duties and other taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from the taxing authorities), and any directly attributable expenditure on making the asset ready for its intended use and net of any trade discounts and rebates. Subsequent expenditure on an intangible asset after its purchase/completion is recognised as an expense when incurred unless it is probable that such expenditure will enable the asset to generate future economic benefits in excess of its originally assessed standards of performance and such expenditure can be measured and attributed to the asset reliably, in which case such expenditure is added to the cost of the asset (Refer Note: 2.XI for accounting for R&D expenses).

VI. Depreciation & Amortisation

Fixed assets and Intangibles are depreciated/amortised using the straight-line method over the useful life of assets. Depreciation is charged on pro-rata basis for assets purchased/sold during the year.

Individual assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 are depreciated in full, in the year of purchase

The estimated useful life of the intangible assets and the amortisation period are reviewed at the end of each financial year and the amortisation method is revised to reflect the changed pattern.

VII. Employee Stock Option Plans

TTie Company has formulated Employee Stock Option Schemes (ESOS) in accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999. The Schemes provide for grant of options to employees of the Company and its subsidiaries to acquire equity shares of the Company that vest in a graded manner and that are to be exercised within a specified period. The Company has used intrinsic value method to account for the compensation cost of stock options. Intrinsic value is the amount by which the quoted market price on the day prior to the grant of the options under ESOS exceeds the exercise price of the option. In accordance with the SEBI guidelines, the intrinsic value is amortised on a straight line basis over the vesting period.

VIII. Employee Benefits

Employee benefits include provident fund, gratuity fund, employee state insurance, compensated absences, retention and performance linked payouts.

Defined Contribution Plans: The Company''s contribution to provident fund and employee state insurance scheme is considered as defined contribution plan and is charged as an expense as they fall due based on the amount of contribution required to be made.

Defined Benefit Plans: For defined benefit plans in the form of gratuity fund, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they occur. Past service cost is recognised immediately to the extent that the benefits are already vested and otherwise is amortised on a straight-line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested. The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the Balance Sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognised past service cost, as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to past service cost, plus the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the schemes.

Short-term Employee Benefits: The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognised during the year when the employees render the service. These benefits include retention and performance linked payouts and compensated absences which are expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related service. The cost of such compensated absences is accounted as under:

(a) in case of accumulated compensated absences, when employees render the services that increase their entitlement of future compensated absences; and

(b) in case of non-accumulating compensated absences, when the absences occur.

Long-term Employee Benefits: Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related service are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation as at the Balance Sheet date less the fair value of the plan assets out of which the obligations are expected to be settled.

IX. Other Income

Interest income is accounted on accrual basis. Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive it is established.

X. Leases

Assets leased by the Company in its capacity as lessee where substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership vest in the Company are classified as finance leases. Such leases are capitalised at the inception of the lease at the lower of the fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments and a liability is created for an equivalent amount. Each lease rental paid is allocated between the liability and the interest cost so as to obtain a constant periodic rate of interest on the outstanding liability for each year.

Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vest with the lessor are recognised as operating leases. Lease rentals under operating leases are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight line basis.

XI. Research and Development

Revenue expenditure pertaining to research is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Development costs of products are also charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Fixed assets utilised for research and development are capitalised and depreciated in accordance with the policies stated for Tangible Fixed Assets and Intangible Assets.

XII. Foreign Currency Transactions Initial recognition

Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company and its integral foreign operations are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction or at rates that closely approximate the rate at the date of the transaction.

Measurement of foreign currency monetary items at the Balance Sheet date

Foreign currency monetary items (other than derivative contracts) of the Company and its net investment in non-integral foreign operations outstanding at the Balance Sheet date are restated at the year-end rates.

In the case of integral operations, assets and liabilities (other than non-monetary items), are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the Balance Sheet date. Non-monetary items are carried at historical cost. Revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Exchange differences arising out of these translations are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Treatment of exchange differences

Exchange differences arising on settlement/restatement of short-term foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities of the Company and its integral foreign operations are recognised as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The exchange differences on restatement/settlement of loans to non-integral foreign operations that are considered as net investment in such operations are accumulated in a "Foreign currency translation reserve" until disposal/recovery of the net investment.

The exchange differences arising on restatement/settlement of long term foreign currency monetary items are:

¦ capitalised, if related to acquisition of depreciable fixed assets, and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets; or

¦ amortised over the maturity period of such items in other cases.

The Company has adopted the amendments to Accounting Standard 11 "Tne Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates" that were notified during the year ended March 31, 2012. Pursuant to this amendment, exchange fluctuations arising on restatement of all long term monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded or reported in the previous financial statements (whichever is later), are accumulated in a Foreign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference account and are amortised over the balance period of such long term asset/liability (Refer Note 28).

Accounting for Forward contracts: Premium/discount on forward exchange contracts, which are not intended for trading or speculation purposes, are amortised over the period of the contracts if such contracts relate to monetary items as at the Balance Sheet date.

Accounting for Derivatives: Derivative contracts in the nature of foreign currency swaps, currency options, forward contracts with an intention to hedge its existing assets and liabilities, firm commitments and highly probable forecast transactions, which are closely linked to the existing assets and liabilities are accounted as per the policy stated for Forward contracts.

All other derivative contracts are marked-to-market and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Gains arising on the same are not recognised, until realised, on grounds of prudence.

XIII. Investments

Long-term investments are stated at cost less diminution in the value of investments that is other than temporary.

XIV. Taxes on income

Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as an asset in the Balance Sheet when it is probable that future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company and can be measured reliably.

Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences, being the differences between the taxable income and the accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all timing differences. Deferred tax assets in respect of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses are recognised only if there is virtual certainty that there will be sufficient future taxable income available to realise such assets. Deferred tax assets are recognised for timing differences of other items only to the extent that reasonable certainty exists that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these can be realised. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing tax laws and the Company has a legally enforceable right for such set off. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date for their realisability.

XV. Cash and cash equivalents (for purposes of Cash Flow Statement)

Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

XVI. Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit/(loss) before tax, is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated based on the available information.

XVII. Provisions and Contingencies

A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent liabilities are not provided for but disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

XVIII. Impairment of Assets

The carrying values of assets/cash generating units at each Balance Sheet date are reviewed for impairment. If any indication of impairment exists, the recoverable amount of such assets is estimated and impairment is recognised, if the carrying amount of these assets exceeds their recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the net selling price and their value in use. Value in use is arrived at by discounting the future cash flows to their present value based on an appropriate discount factor. When there is indication that an impairment loss recognised for an asset in earlier accounting periods no longer exists or may have decreased, such reversal of impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

XIX. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/(loss) after tax (including the post tax effect of extraordinary items, if any) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/(loss) after tax (including the post tax effect of extraordinary items, if any) as adjusted for dividend, interest and other charges to expense or income relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Potential equity shares are deemed to be dilutive only if their conversion to equity shares would decrease the net profit per share from continuing ordinary operations. Potential dilutive equity shares are deemed to be converted as at the beginning of the period, unless they have been issued at a later date. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the shares been actually issued at fair value (i.e. average market value of the outstanding shares). Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented. The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted for share splits/reverse share splits and bonus shares, as appropriate.

XX. Segment reporting

The Company identifies primary segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organization and management structure. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit/loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the Executive Management in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

XXI. Operating Cycle

Based on the nature of products/activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has determined its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities as current and non-current.


Mar 31, 2012

I. Basis for Preparation of Financial Statements

a. The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (Indian GAAP) to comply with the Accounting Standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 except to the extent permitted under the Proposal approved by the Hon'ble High Court of Karnataka (Refer Note 24). The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis under the historical cost convention. The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are consistent with those followed in the previous year except for the adoption of the provisions of Para 46A of Accounting Standard 11 "The effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates" regarding the accounting for exchange differences arising on long term foreign currency monetary items that was notified during the year ended March 31, 2012. (Refer Note 27).

b. The Company has outstanding foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (FCCBs) having face value of US$

93.8 million (equivalent Rs. 4,772.08 million) which are redeemable on 9th July 2012 along with premium of US$ 37.28 million (equivalent Rs. 1,896.62 million), (refer Notes 25A and 25B) and the related costs that are determinable on redemption. The Company is in discussion with the bond holders to meet this obligation by way of a cashless exchange offer of new bonds with a maturity upto July 2017. The Company has also obtained the approval from Reserve Bank of India(RBI) in support of this restructuring based on which the Company expects to conclude this restructuring by the date of redemption of the FCCBs and thereby meet all repayment obligations that arise on account of FCCBs. Consequently these financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis.

II. Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) and the reported income and expenses during the year. The Management believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could difer due to these estimates and the differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognised in the periods in which the results are known/ materialise.

III. Revenue Recognition

Revenue from Contracts for software product license includes fees for transfer of licenses, installation and commissioning. This revenue is recognized on the basis of milestones achieved, determined based on percentage of completion of work completed at each milestone as compared to the work involved in the overall scope of the contract. In the event of any expected losses on a contract, the entire amount is provided for in the accounting period in which such losses are first anticipated.

Revenue from sale of software licenses (including additional licenses) are recognized on transfer of such licenses.

In case of composite contracts involving granting of license and support services, license revenues are recognized on transfer of the license if identified separately and in other cases, they are recognized over the period of the contract along with revenue from support services.

Revenue from Software development is recognized on the basis of chargeable time or achievement of prescribed milestones as relevant to each contract.

Sale of hardware under reseller arrangements are recognized on dispatch of goods to customers and are recorded net of discounts, rebates for price adjustment, projections, shortage in transit, taxes and duties.

Maintenance and service income is recognised on time proportion basis.

IV. Tangible Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition inclusive of freight, duties, taxes and other direct expenditure incurred. Assets acquired on hire purchase are capitalised at gross value and interest thereon is charged to revenue.

Exchange differences arising on restatement/settlement of long-term foreign currency borrowings relating to acquisition of depreciable fixed assets are adjusted to the cost of the respective assets and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets. Subsequent expenditure relating to fixed assets is capitalised only if such expenditure results in an increase in the future benefits from such asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance. Fixed assets acquired and put to use for project purpose are capitalised and depreciation thereon is included in the project cost till commissioning of the project.

V. Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any. The cost of an intangible asset comprises its purchase price, including any import duties and other taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from the taxing authorities), and any directly attributable expenditure on making the asset ready for its intended use and net of any trade discounts and rebates. Subsequent expenditure on an intangible asset after its purchase/completion is recognised as an expense when incurred unless it is probable that such expenditure will enable the asset to generate future economic benefits in excess of its originally assessed standards of performance and such expenditure can be measured and attributed to the asset reliably, in which case such expenditure is added to the cost of the asset.(Refer Note: 2.XI for accounting for R&D expenses).

VI. Depreciation & Amortisation

Fixed assets and Intangibles are depreciated/amortised using the straight-line method over the useful lives of assets. Depreciation is charged on pro-rata basis for assets purchased/sold during the year.

Individual assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 are depreciated in full, in the year of purchase.

The estimated useful life of the intangible assets and the amortisation period are reviewed at the end of each financial year and the amortisation method is revised to reffect the changed pattern.

VII. Employee Stock Option Plans

The Company has formulated Employee Stock Option Schemes (ESOS) in accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999. The Schemes provide for grant of options to employees of the Company and its subsidiaries to acquire equity shares of the Company that vest in a graded manner and that are to be exercised within a specified period. The Company has used intrinsic value method to account for the compensation cost of stock options. Intrinsic value is the amount by which the quoted market price on the day prior to the grant of the options under ESOS exceeds the exercise price of the option. In accordance with the SEBI guidelines, the intrinsic value is amortised on a straight line basis over the vesting period.

VIII. Employee benefits

Employee benefits include provident fund, gratuity fund, compensated absences, retention and performance linked payouts.

defined Contribution Plans: The Company's contribution to provident fund is considered as defined contribution plan and is charged as an expense as they fall due based on the amount of contribution required to be made.

defined benefit Plans: For defined benefit plans in the form of gratuity fund, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they occur. Past service cost is recognised immediately to the extent that the benefits are already vested and otherwise is amortised on a straight- line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested. The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the Balance Sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognised past service cost, as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to past service cost, plus the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the schemes.

Short-term Employee benefits: The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognised during the year when the employees render the service. These benefits include retention and performance linked payouts and compensated absences which are expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related service. The cost of such compensated absences is accounted as under:

(a) in case of accumulated compensated absences, when employees render the services that increase their entitlement of future compensated absences; and

(b) in case of non-accumulating compensated absences, when the absences occur.

Long-term Employee benefits: Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related service are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation as at the Balance Sheet date less the fair value of the plan assets out of which the obligations are expected to be settled.

IX. Other Income

Interest income is accounted on accrual basis. Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive it is established.

X. Leases

Assets leased by the Company in its capacity as lessee where substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership vest in the Company are classified as finance leases. Such leases are capitalised at the inception of the lease at the lower of the fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments and a liability is created for an equivalent amount. Each lease rental paid is allocated between the liability and the interest cost so as to obtain a constant periodic rate of interest on the outstanding liability for each year.

Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vest with the lessor are recognised as operating leases. Lease rentals under operating leases are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight line basis.

XI. Research and Development

Revenue expenditure pertaining to research is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Development costs of products are also charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Fixed assets utilised for research and development are capitalised and depreciated in accordance with the policies stated for Tangible Fixed Assets and Intangible Assets.

XII. Foreign Currency Transactions

Initial recognition

Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company and its integral foreign operations are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction or at rates that closely approximate the rate at the date of the transaction.

Measurement of foreign currency monetary items at the Balance Sheet date

Foreign currency monetary items (other than derivative contracts) of the Company and its net investment in non-integral foreign operations outstanding at the Balance Sheet date are restated at the year-end rates.

In the case of integral operations, assets and liabilities (other than non-monetary items), are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the Balance Sheet date. Non-monetary items are carried at historical cost. Revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Exchange differences arising out of these translations are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss

Treatment of exchange differences

Exchange differences arising on settlement/ restatement of short-term foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities of the Company and its integral foreign operations are recognised as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The exchange differences on restatement/ settlement of loans to non-integral foreign operations that are considered as net investment in such operations are accumulated in a "Foreign currency translation reserve" until disposal/recovery of the net investment.

The exchange differences arising on restatement/settlement of long term foreign currency monetary items are:

- capitalised, if related to acquisition of depreciable fixed assets, and depreciated over the remaining use ful life of such assets; or

- amortised over the maturity period of such items in other cases.

Accounting for Forward contracts: Premium/discount on forward exchange contracts, which are not intended for trading or speculation purposes, are amortised over the period of the contracts if such contracts relate to monetary items as at the Balance Sheet date.

Accounting for Derivatives: The Company enters into derivative contracts in the nature of foreign currency swaps, currency options, forward contracts with an intention to hedge its existing assets and liabilities, firm commitments and highly probable forecast transactions. Derivative contracts which are closely linked to the existing assets and liabilities are accounted as per the policy stated for Forward contracts.

All other derivative contracts are marked-to-market and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Gains arising on the same are not recognised, until realised, on grounds of prudence

XIII. Investments

Long-term investments are stated at cost less diminution in the value of investments that is other than temporary.

XIV. Taxes on Income

Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as an asset in the Balance Sheet when it is probable that future economic benefit associated with it will fow to the Company and can be measured reliably.

Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences, being the differences between the taxable income and the accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all timing differences. Deferred tax assets in respect of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses are recognised only if there is virtual certainty that there will be sufficient future taxable income available to realise such assets. Deferred tax assets are recognised for timing differences of other items only to the extent that reasonable certainty exists that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these can be realised. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing tax laws and the Company has a legally enforceable right for such set of. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date for their realisability.

XV. Cash and Cash Equivalents (for Purposes of Cash Flow Statement)

Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

XVI. Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby Profit/(loss) before tax, is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and fnancing activities of the Company are segregated based on the available information.

XVII. Provisions and Contingencies

A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reffect the current best estimates. Contingent liabilities are not provided for but disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

XVIII. Impairment of Assets

The carrying values of assets/cash generating units at each Balance Sheet date are reviewed for impairment. If any indication of impairment exists, the recoverable amount of such assets is estimated and impairment is recognised, if the carrying amount of these assets exceeds their recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the net selling price and their value in use. Value in use is arrived at by discounting the future cash flows to their present value based on an appropriate discount factor. When there is indication that an impairment loss recognised for an asset in earlier accounting periods no longer exists or may have decreased, such reversal of impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

XIX. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the Profit/ (loss) after tax (including the post tax effect of extraordinary items, if any) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the Profit/(loss) after tax (including the post tax effect of extraordinary items, if any) as adjusted for dividend, interest and other charges to expense or income relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Potential equity shares are deemed to be dilutive only if their conversion to equity shares would decrease the net Profit per share from continuing ordinary operations. Potential dilutive equity shares are deemed to be converted as at the beginning of the period, unless they have been issued at a later date. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the shares been actually issued at fair value (i.e. average market value of the outstanding shares). Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented. The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted for share splits/reverse share splits and bonus shares, as appropriate.

XX. Segment Reporting

The Company identifies primary segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organization and management structure. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating Profit/ loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the executive Management in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.


Mar 31, 2011

1.1. Basis for Preparation of Financial Statements

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention on accrual basis in accordance with the mandatory Accounting Standards or as per the Proposal approved by the Honourable High Court of Karnataka.

The Company has outstanding foreign currency convertible bonds (FCCBs) that are redeemable in March 2012, if not converted earlier. Refer Note II.3.A and II.3.B below. The Company is pursuing various options not limiting to fund raising in the form of debt or equity, or a mix of both, and negotiations with the current lenders, to meet any potential FCCB debt obligations that arise in March 2012. The Company firmly believes that, with a combination of its internal cash accruals in the next financial year and on achieving successful closure on these options in the coming months, it would be able to meet all repayment obligations that arise during financial year ending March 31, 2012. Consequently these financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis.

1.2. Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires that management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

1.3. Revenue Recognition

Revenue from Contracts for software product license includes fees for transfer of licenses, installation and commissioning. This revenue is recognized under the percentage completion method based on the extent of work determined to have been completed as compared to the work involved in the overall scope of the contract. In the event of any expected losses on a contract, the entire amount is provided for in the accounting period in which such losses are first anticipated.

Revenue from sale of additional software licences are recognized on transfer of such licenses.

Revenue from Software development is recognized on the basis of chargeable time or achievement of prescribed milestones as relevant to each contract.

Sale of hardware under reseller arrangements are recognized on dispatch of goods to customers and are recorded net of discounts, rebates for price adjustment, projections, shortage in transit, taxes and duties.

Maintenance and service income is recognised on time proportion basis.

Interest on investments and deposits are booked on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount invested and the rate of interest.

1.4. Fixed Assets and Intangibles

Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition inclusive of freight, duties, taxes and interest on borrowed money allocated to and utilised for fixed assets up to the date of capitalisation and other direct expenditure incurred on ongoing projects. Assets acquired on hire purchase are capitalised at gross value and interest thereon is charged to revenue.

Acquired Intangibles are stated at cost inclusive of duties and taxes. Costs incurred on self generated intangibles are expensed as incurred.

1.5. Depreciation & Amortisation

Fixed assets and Intangibles are depreciated/amortised using the straight-line method over the useful lives of assets. Depreciation is charged on pro-rata basis for assets purchased/sold during the year.

1.6. Employee Stock Option Plans

Employee Stock Options are accounted in accordance with the guidelines stipulated by SEBI. The difference between the market price of the shares underlying the options granted on the date of grant of option and the exercise price is expensed as "Employees Compensation" over the period of vesting.

1.7. Employee Benefits

The Companys contribution to provident fund, a defined contribution scheme, is charged to the profit and loss account on accrual basis.

Liability for gratuity is funded with Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and SBI Life Insurance. Gratuity expense for the year has been accounted based on actuarial valuation determined under the projected credit unit method, carried out at the end of the financial year. Actuarial gains/losses are recognized in full in the profit and loss account. The retirement benefit obligation recognized in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligations adjusted for unrecognized past service cost and as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to past service cost plus the present value of available refunds and reduction in future contributions to the scheme.

Liability for encashment of leave considered to be long term liability is accounted for on the basis of an actuarial valuation. Provision for outstanding leave credits considered as short term

liability is as estimated by the management. Other short term employee benefits like medical, leave travel etc are accrued based on the terms of employment on a time proportion basis

The Company has introduced long term employee compensation plans under which certain employees are eligible for retention and performance linked payouts. These payouts are accrued as the services are rendered and/or when the specific criteria are met.

1.8. Research and Development

Expenses incurred on research and development is charged to revenue in the same year. Fixed asset purchased for research and development are capitalized and depreciated as per the Companys policy.

1.9. Foreign Currency Transactions

Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies at year end are restated at the exchange rate on the date of the Balance Sheet. Non-monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are carried at cost. Exchange differences on settlement or restatement are adjusted in the Profit & Loss account. Premium or discount on forward contracts is amortized over the life of such contract and is recognized as income or expense, in the Profit and Loss account. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal or retirement of forward contract is recognized in profit and loss account.

1.10. Investments

Long term Investments are stated at cost less diminution in the value of investments that is other than temporary.

1.11. Income Taxes

Income Tax comprises the current tax provision under the tax payable method and the net change in the deferred tax asset or liability in the year. Deferred Tax Assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying values of the assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be received or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the income statement in the period of enactment of the change.

Deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward to the extent that there is a reasonable/virtual certainty, as applicable, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

Minimum alternative tax (MAT) paid in accordance to the tax laws, which gives rise to future economic benefits in the form of adjustment of future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax after the tax holiday period. Accordingly, MAT is recognized as an asset in the balance sheet when it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company and the asset can be measured reliably.

1.12. Cash Flow Statement

Cash flow statement has been prepared in accordance with the indirect method prescribed in Accounting Standard 3, issued under the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules 2006.

1.13. Preliminary and Share Issue Expenses

Expenses incurred during the Initial Public Offer, follow on offer and issue of Bonus Shares are amortised over 5 years. Other issue expenses are charged to the securities premium account.

1.14. Provisions and Contingencies

A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent liabilities are not provided for but disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

I.15 Impairment of Fixed Assets

At each balance sheet date, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its fixed assets and intangibles to determine whether there is any indication that those assets suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of impairment loss. Recoverable amount is the higher of an assets net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows expected from the continuing use of the asset and from its disposal are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects the current market assessments of time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.

Reversal of impairment losses recognized in prior years, if any, is recorded when there is an indication that the impairment losses recognized for the asset no longer exist or have decreased. However, the increase in carrying amount of an asset due to reversal of an impairment loss is recognized to the extent it does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.


Mar 31, 2010

1.1. Basis for Preparation of Financial Statements

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention on accrual basis except for certain financial and other assets and liabilities which are measured on historical cost basis as permitted by the Accounting Standards or as per the Proposal approved by the Honourable High Court of Karnataka.

1.2. Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires that management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

1.3. Revenue Recognition

Revenue from Contracts for software product license includes fees for transfer of licenses, installation and commissioning. This revenue is recognized under the percentage completion method based on the extent of work determined to have been completed as compared to the work involved in the overall scope of the contract. In the event of any expected losses on a contract, the entire amount is provided for in the accounting period in which such losses are first anticipated.

Revenue from sale of additional software licences are recognized on transfer of such licenses.

Revenue from Software development is recognized on the basis of chargeable time or achievement of prescribed milestones as relevant to each contract.

Sale of hardware under reseller arrangements are recognized on dispatch of goods to customers and are recorded net of discounts, rebates for price adjustment, projections, shortage in transit, taxes and duties.

Maintenance and service income is recognised on time proportion basis.

Interest on investments and deposits are booked on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount invested and the rate of interest.

1.4. Fixed Assets and Intangibles

Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition inclusive of freight, duties, taxes and interest on borrowed money allocated to and utilised for fixed assets up to the date of capitalisation and other direct expenditure incurred on ongoing projects. Assets acquired on hire purchase are capitalised at gross value and interest thereon is charged to revenue.

Acquired Intangibles are stated at cost inclusive of duties and taxes. Costs incurred on self generated intangibles are expensed as incurred.

1.5. Depreciation and Amortisation

Fixed assets and Intangibles are depreciated/amortised using the straight- line method over the useful lives of assets. Depreciation is charged on pro-rata basis for assets purchased/sold during the year.

Individual assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 are depreciated in full, in the year of purchase.

1.6. Employee Stock Option Plans

Employee Stock Options are accounted in accordance with the guidelines stipulated by SEBI. The difference between the market price of the shares underlying the options granted on the date of grant of option and the exercise price is expensed as “Employees Compensation” over the period of vesting.

1.7. Employee Benefits

The Company’s contribution to provident fund, a defined contribution scheme, is charged to the profit and loss account on accrual basis.

Liability for gratuity is funded with Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). Gratuity expense for the year has been accounted based on actuarial valuation determined under the projected credit unit method, carried out at the end of the financial year. Actuarial gains/losses are recognized in full in the profit and loss account. The retirement benefit obligation recognized in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligations adjusted for unrecognized past service cost and as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to past service cost plus the present value of available refunds and reduction in future contributions to the scheme.

Liability for encashment of leave considered to be long term liability is accounted for on the basis of an actuarial valuation. Provision for outstanding leave credits considered as short term liability is as estimated by the management. Other short term employee benefits like medical, leave travel etc are accrued based on the terms of employment on a time proportion basis

The company has introduced long term employee compensation plans under which certain employees are eligible for retention and performance linked payouts. These payouts are accrued as the services are rendered and/or when the specific criteria are met.

1.8. Research and Development

Expenses incurred on research and development is charged to revenue in the same year. Fixed asset purchased for research and development are capitalized and depreciated as per the Companys policy.

1.9. Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation

Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies at year end are restated at the exchange rate on the date of the Balance Sheet. Non-monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are carried at cost. Exchange differences on settlement or restatement are adjusted in the Profit & Loss account. Premium or discount on forward contracts is amortized over the life of such contract and is recognized as income or expense, in the Profit and Loss account. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal or retirement of forward contract is recognized in profit and loss account.

Assets (other than fixed assets) and liabilities of the foreign branches are translated into Indian rupees at the rate of exchange prevailing as at

the Balance Sheet date. Fixed Assets of foreign branches are carried at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction. Revenue and expenses are translated into Indian rupees at average/daily exchange rates prevailing during the year.

1.10. Investments

Long term Investments are stated at cost less diminution in the value of investments that is other than temporary.

1.11. Income Taxes

Income Tax comprises the current tax provision under the tax payable method and the net change in the deferred tax asset or liability in the year. Deferred Tax Assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying values of the assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be received or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the income statement in the period of enactment of the change.

Deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward to the extent that there is a reasonable/virtual certainty, as applicable, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

Minimum alternative tax (MAT) paid in accordance to the tax laws, which gives rise to future economic benefits in the form of adjustment of future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax after the tax holiday period. Accordingly, MAT is recognized as an asset in the balance sheet when it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company and the asset can be measured reliably.

1.12. Cash Flow Statement

Cash flow statement has been prepared in accordance with the indirect method prescribed in Accounting Standard 3, issued under the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules 2006.

1.13. Preliminary and Share Issue Expenses

Expenses incurred during the Initial Public Offer, follow on offer and issue of Bonus Shares are amortised over 5 years. Other issue expenses are charged to the securities premium account.

1.14. Provisions and Contingencies

A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent liabilities are not provided for but disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

I.15 Impairment of Fixed Assets

At each balance sheet date, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its fixed assets and intangibles to determine whether there is any indication that those assets suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of impairment loss. Recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows expected from the continuing use of the asset and from its disposal are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects the current market assessments of time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.

Reversal of impairment losses recognized in prior years, if any, is recorded when there is an indication that the impairment losses recognized for the asset no longer exist or have decreased. However, the increase in carrying amount of an asset due to reversal of an impairment oss is recognized to the extent it does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of depreciation) had no impairment oss been recognized for the asset in prior years.

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