Mar 31, 2023
Suzlon Energy Limited (''SEL'' or ''the Company'') having CIN: L40100GJ1995PLC025447 is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Its shares are listed on two recognised stock exchanges in India. The registered office of the Company is located at "Suzlon", 5 Shrimali Society, Near Shree Krishna Complex, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad - 380 009, India. The principal place of business is its headquarters located at One Earth, Hadapsar, Pune - 411 028, India.
The Company is primarily engaged in the business of manufacturing of Wind Turbine Generators (''WTGs'') and sale of related components of various capacities.
The financial statements were authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the directors on May 30, 2023.
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant Schedule III), as applicable to the financial statements.
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for derivative financial instruments and certain financial assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value [refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments 2.3(q)].
The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (?) and all values are rounded to the nearest Crore ('' 0,000,000) up to two decimals, except when otherwise indicated.
The Company has prepared the financial statements on the basis that it will continue to operate as a going concern.
Few amendments apply for the first time for the year ended March 31, 2023, but do not have an impact on the financial statements of the Company. The Company intends to adopt these standards, if applicable, when they become effective.
a. Current versus non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current / non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
⢠Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
⢠Held primarily for the purpose of trading
⢠Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
⢠Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
⢠It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
⢠It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
⢠It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
⢠There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities. The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
The Company''s financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (?), which is also the Company''s functional currency.
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.
Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in statement of profit and loss.
Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in other comprehensive income (''OCI'') or profit or loss are also recognised in OCI or profit or loss, respectively.
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
⢠In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
⢠In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
⢠Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
⢠Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
⢠Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
The Company management determines the policies and procedures for recurring and non-recurring fair value measurement. Involvement of external valuers is decided upon annually by management. The management decides after discussion with external valuers, about valuation technique and inputs to use for each case.
At each reporting date, the Company''s management analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be re-measured or re-assessed as per the Company''s accounting policies. For this analysis, the Company verifies the major inputs applied in the latest valuation by agreeing the information in the valuation computation to contracts and other relevant documents.
The Company, in conjunction with the Company''s external valuers, also compares the change in the fair value of each asset and liability with relevant external sources to determine whether the change is reasonable.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
This note summarises accounting policy for fair value. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.
⢠Quantitative disclosures of fair value measurement hierarchy [refer Note 44];
⢠Investment properties [refer Note 2.3 (i)];
⢠Financial instruments (including those carried at amortised cost) [refer Note 2.3(q)].
Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised at the point in time when control of the goods or services is transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised in the statement of profit and loss at the point in time when control of the goods is transferred to the buyer as per the terms of the respective sales order, generally on dispatch of the goods. Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price (net of variable consideration) allocated to that performance obligation. The transaction price of goods sold and services rendered is net of variable consideration on account of various discounts and schemes offered by the Company as part of the contract.
The Company considers whether there are other promises in the contract that are separate performance obligations to which a portion of the transaction price needs to be allocated (e.g., warranties,). In determining the transaction price for the sale of equipment, the Company considers the effects of variable consideration and consideration payable to the customer (if any).
I f the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the Company estimates the amount of consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for transferring the goods to the customer. The contracts for sale of equipment provide customers with a right for penalty in case of delayed delivery or commissioning and in some contracts compensation for performance shortfall expected in future over the life of the guarantee assured.
Generally, the Company receives short-term advances from its customers. Using the practical expedient in Ind AS 115, the Company does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if it expects, at contract inception, that the period between the transfer of the promised good or service to the customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less.
The Company pays sales commission for contracts obtained. The Company has elected to apply the optional practical expedient for costs to obtain a contract which allows the Company to immediately expense sales commissions because the amortisation period that the Company otherwise would have used is one year or less.
The Company typically provides warranties for operations and maintenance that existed at the time of sale. These assurance-type warranties are accounted for under Ind AS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets. Refer to the accounting policy on warranty provisions in section (o) Provisions.
The Company provides standard period warranty for all contracts and extended warranty beyond standard in few contracts at the time of sale. These service-type warranties are bundled together with the sale of equipment. Contracts for bundled sales of goods and a service-type warranty comprise two performance obligations because the promises to transfer the equipment and to provide the service-type warranty are capable of being distinct. Using the relative stand-alone selling price method, a portion of the transaction price is allocated to the service-type warranty and recognised as a contract liability. Revenue is recognised over the period in which the service-type warranty is provided based on the time elapsed.
Revenues from operation and maintenance contracts are recognised over the period of the contract and measured using output method because the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided to them.
Revenue from power evacuation infrastructure facilities is recognised upon commissioning and electrical installation of the WTG to the said facilities followed by approval for commissioning of WTG from the concerned authorities.
Revenue from land lease activity is recognised upon the transfer of leasehold rights to the customers. Revenue from sale of land / right to sale land is recognised at the point in time when control of goods is transferred to the customer as per the terms of the respective sales order. Revenue from land development is recognised upon rendering of the service as per the terms of the respective sales order.
Revenue from sale of services is recognised in the statement of profit and loss as and when the services are rendered.
A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer.
If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration that is conditional.
A receivable represents the Company''s right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e., only the passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due). Refer to accounting policies of financial assets in section (q) Financial instruments - initial recognition and subsequent measurement.
A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfers goods or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognised when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs under the contract.
For all financial assets measured at amortised cost, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Group estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses. Interest income is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss.
Grants and subsidies from the government are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them, and (ii) the grant / subsidy will be received.
When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as deferred income and released to income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.
When the Company receives grants of non-monetary assets, the asset and the grant are recorded at fair value amounts and released to profit or loss over the expected useful life in a pattern of consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset i.e. by equal annual instalments. When loans or similar assistance are provided by governments or related institutions, with an interest rate below the current applicable market rate, the effect of this favourable interest is regarded as a government grant. The loan or assistance is initially recognised and measured at fair value and the government grant is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan and the proceeds received. The loan is subsequently measured as per the accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities.
Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.
Current income tax relating to items recognised outside statement of profit and loss is recognised either in other comprehensive income or in equity. Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates the positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities (''DTL'') are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except:
⢠When the DTL arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.
⢠In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
Deferred tax assets (''DTA'') are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. DTA are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised, except:
⢠When the DTA relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.
⢠In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, DTA is recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.
The carrying amount of DTA is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the DTA to be utilised. Unrecognised DTA is re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the DTA to be recovered.
DTA and DTL are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. DTA and DTL are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised either in other comprehensive income or in equity.
Non-current assets or disposal groups comprising of assets and liabilities are classified as ''held for sale'' if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered high probable to be concluded within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
Such non-current assets or disposal groups are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Non-current assets including those that are part of a disposal group held for sale are not depreciated or amortised while they are classified as held for sale.
PPE are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment, transportation cost and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives.
Capital work-in-progress comprises of the cost of PPE that are not yet ready for their intended use as at'' the balance sheet date.
Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when they are incurred.
Depreciation is calculated on the written down value method (''WDV'') based on the useful lives and residual values estimated by the management in accordance with Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 as follows. The identified components are depreciated separately over their useful lives; the remaining components are depreciated over the life of the principal PPE.
Type of asset |
Useful lives (years) |
Buildings |
28 to 58 |
Plant and machinery |
15 to 22 |
Moulds |
15 years or useful life based on usage, whichever is higher |
Wind research and measuring equipment |
3 |
Computers and office equipment |
3 to 5 |
Furniture & fixtures and vehicles |
10 |
The Company, based on technical assessment made by technical expert and management estimate, depreciates certain items over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.
Gains or losses arising from de recognition of PPE are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset on the date of disposal and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of PPE are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
I nvestment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.
The cost includes the cost of replacing parts and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of the investment properties are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred.
The Company depreciates building component of investment property over 58 years from the date of original purchase / date of capitalisation. Though the Company measures investment properties using cost based measurement, the fair value of investment properties is disclosed in the notes.
I nvestment properties are derecognised either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in statement of profit and loss in the period of de-recognition.
Goodwill represents the excess of consideration transferred, together with the amount of non-controlling interest in the acquiree, over the fair value of the Company''s share of identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses.
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and the related expenditure is reflected in statement of profit and loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.
Intangible assets are amortised on a straight-line basis over the useful economic life which generally does not exceed five years and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.
Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditures on an individual project are recognised as an intangible asset when the Company can demonstrate:
⢠The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that the asset will be available for use or sale,
⢠Its intention to complete and its ability and intention to use or sell the asset,
⢠How the asset will generate future economic benefits,
⢠The availability of resources to complete the asset,
⢠The ability to measure reliably the expenditure during development.
Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation of the asset begins when development is complete and the asset is available for use. It is amortised on a straight line basis over the period of expected future benefit from the related project, i.e., the estimated useful life. Amortisation is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. During the period of development, the asset is tested for impairment annually.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended se or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.
The Company''s lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for land and buildings. The Company recognises ROU assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). ROU assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of ROU assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. ROU assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. The ROU assets are also subject to impairment. Refer to the accounting policies in section (n) Impairment of non-financial assets.
At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments less any lease incentives receivable. In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its borrowing rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates at the lease commencement date. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term or a change in the lease payments.
The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leased asset (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases that are considered to be low value. For the short-term and low-value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the asset is classified as operating lease.
Assets subject to operating leases other than land and building are included in PPE. Lease income on an operating lease is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation, are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.
I nventories of raw materials including stores and spares and consumables, packing materials, semifinished goods, components, work-in-progress, project work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost and estimated net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.
The cost of work-in-progress, project work-in-progress, semi-finished goods and finished goods includes the cost of material, labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads.
Stock of land and land lease rights is valued at lower of cost and estimated net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (''CGU'') net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.
The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year. To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods covered by the most recent budgets/ forecasts, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the products, industries, or country or countries in which the entity operates, or for the market in which the asset is used.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life. Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation surplus taken to OCI. For such properties, the impairment is recognised in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation surplus.
The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting periods is reversed if there has been a change in estimates of recoverable amount. The carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no impairment.
Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful life are tested for impairment annually as at year end. Impairment is determined for goodwill by assessing the recoverable amount of each CGU (or group of CGUs) to which the goodwill relates. When the recoverable amount of the CGU is less than its carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognised. Impairment losses relating to goodwill cannot be reversed in future periods.
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
Employee benefits such as short-term compensated absences, bonus, ex-gratia and performance linked rewards falling due within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short-term employee benefits and are charged to the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the employee renders the service.
A. Defined contribution schemes:
The Company provides defined contribution schemes such as statutory provident fund, employee state insurance, voluntary superannuation and the pension plan. The Company has no obligation other than the contribution payable to the funds which is recognised as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognised as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.
B. Defined benefit plan:
The employee''s gratuity fund scheme managed by board of trustees established by the Company, represent defined benefit plan. Gratuity is provided for on the basis of actuarial valuation, using projected unit credit method as at each balance sheet date.
Re-measurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to statement of profit and loss in subsequent periods. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The Company recognised the following changes in defined benefit obligation as an expense in statement of profit or loss:
⢠Service cost comprising of current service cost, past service cost gains and loss on entitlements and non-routine settlement.
⢠Net interest expenses or income.
Gains or losses on settlement of any defined benefit plan are recognised when the settlement occurs. In case of funded plans, the fair value of the plan assets is reduced from the gross obligation under the defined benefit plans to recognise the obligation on a net basis.
The Company provides long-term benefits such as Retention bonus (i.e long service award) and compensated absences. Retention bonus is awarded to certain cadre of employees on completion of specific years of service. The obligation recognised in respect of these long-term benefits is measured at present value of estimated future cash flows expected to be made by the Company and is recognised on the basis of actuarial valuation, using projected unit credit method as at each balance sheet date. As the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date, the entire leave is presented as a current liability in the balance sheet and expenses recognised in statement of profit and loss account. Long-term compensated balances and retention bonus are unfunded.
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Initial recognition and measurement
With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient, on initial recognition, a financial asset is recognised at fair value, in case of financial assets which are recognised at fair value through profit or loss, its transaction cost is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. In other cases, the transaction cost is attributed to the acquisition value of the financial asset.
Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under Ind AS 115. Refer to the accounting policies in section (d) Revenue from contracts with customers.
Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
⢠Debt instruments at amortized cost
⢠Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
⢠Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
⢠Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
Debt instruments at amortised cost
A ''debt instrument'' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
a. The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and
b. Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.
This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.
Debt instrument at FVTOCI
A ''debt instrument'' is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:
a. The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and
b. The asset''s contractual cash flows represent SPPI.
Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the OCI. However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses & reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the statement of profit and loss. On de-recognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to statement of profit and loss. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method. The Company has not designated any financial asset as at FVTOCI.
Debt instrument at FVTPL
FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorisation as at amortised cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.
In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortised cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ''accounting mismatch'').
Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Equity investments
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS 103 Business Combinations applies are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument by- instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.
If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to statement of profit and loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.
Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
Investment in equity shares, compulsorily convertible debentures (''CCD'') and compulsorily convertible preference shares of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures have been measured at cost less impairment allowance, if any.
De-recognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company''s balance sheet) when:
⢠The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
⢠The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ''passthrough'' arrangement; and either:
a. the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or
b. The Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company''s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.
Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.
Impairment of financial assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:
a. Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g., loans, debt securities, deposits, trade receivables and bank balance.
b. Financial assets that are debt instruments and are measured as at FVTOCI.
c. Trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset that result from /transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 115 Revenue from contracts with customers.
d. Loan commitments which are not measured as at FVTPL.
e. Financial guarantee contracts which are not measured as at FVTPL.
The Company follows ''simplified approach'' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables or contract assets. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.
Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR. When estimating the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:
⢠All contractual terms of the financial instrument (including prepayment, extension, call and similar options) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the financial instrument.
⢠Trade receivables do not carry any interest and are stated at their nominal value as reduced by appropriate allowances for estimated irrecoverable amounts. Estimated irrecoverable amounts are based on the ageing of the receivables balance and historical experience. Individual trade receivables are written off when management deems them not to be collectible.
ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognised during the period is recognised as income / expense in the statement of profit and loss. This amount is reflected under the head ''other expenses'' in the statement of profit and loss. The balance sheet presentation for various financial instruments is described below:
⢠Financial assets measured as at amortised cost and contractual revenue receivables: ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e., as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.
⢠Loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts: ECL is presented as a provision in the balance sheet, i.e. as a liability.
⢠Debt instruments measured at FVTOCI: Since financial assets are already reflected at fair value, impairment allowance is not further reduced from its value. Rather, ECL amount is presented as ''accumulated impairment amount'' in the OCI.
For assessing increase in credit risk and impairment loss, the Company combines financial instruments on the basis of shared credit risk characteristics with the objective of facilitating an analysis that is designed to enable significant increases in credit risk to be identified on a timely basis.
Initial recognition and measurement
At initial recognition, financial liabilities are classified at FVTPL, at fair value through other equity, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate. The resultant gain or loss arising on extinguishment of the existing debt with restructured debt and fair value of financial instruments issued to Lenders as per the terms of Resolution plan shall be recognised to other equity.
Subsequent measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and designated upon initial recognition as at FVTPL. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.
Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at FVTPL are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains / losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/ losses are not subsequently transferred to statement of profit and loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. The Company has not designated any financial liability at FVTPL.
Loans and borrowings
After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. Gains and losses are recognised in statement of profit and loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss. This category generally applies to borrowings.
De-recognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in
Mar 31, 2022
1. Company information
Suzlon Energy Limited (''SEL'' or ''the Company'') having CIN: L40100GJ1995PLC025447 is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Its shares are listed on two recognised stock exchanges in India. The registered office of the Company is located at "Suzlon", 5 Shrimali Society, Near Shree Krishna Complex, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad - 380 009, India. The principal place of business is its headquarters located at One Earth, Hadapsar, Pune - 411 028, India.
The Company is primarily engaged in the business of manufacturing of wind turbine generators (''WTGs'') and related components of various capacities.
The financial statements were authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the directors on May 25, 2022.
2. Basis of preparation and significant accounting policies2.1 Basis of preparation
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant Schedule III), as applicable to the financial statements.
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value:
⢠Derivative financial instruments and
⢠Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value [refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments 2.3(o)].
The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (?) and all values are rounded to the nearest Crore (INR 0,000,000) up to two decimals, except when otherwise indicated.
2.2 Standards issued but not yet effective
The amendments to standards that are issued, but not yet effective, up to the date of issuance of the company''s financial statements are disclosed below. The Company intends to adopt these standards, if applicable, when they become effective.
There On March 23, 2022, The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (''MCA'') amended the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, and issued rules called as Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2022 which are applicable from 1 April 2022. Key amendments are summarised below:
Ind AS 103 - Reference to Conceptual Framework
The amendments specify that to qualify for recognition as part of applying the acquisition method, the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed must meet the definitions of assets and liabilities in the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting under Indian Accounting Standards (Conceptual Framework) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India at the acquisition date. These changes do not significantly change the requirements of Ind AS 103.
Ind AS 16 - Proceeds before intended use
The amendments clarifies that excess of net sale proceeds of items produced over the cost of testing, if any, shall not be recognised in the profit or loss but deducted from the directly attributable costs considered as part of cost of an item of property, plant, and equipment.
Ind AS 37 - Onerous Contracts - Costs of Fulfilling a Contract
The amendments specify that the ''cost of fulfilling'' a contract comprises the ''costs that relate directly to the contract''. Costs that relate directly to a contract can either be incremental costs of fulfilling that contract (examples would be direct labour, materials) or an allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling contracts. The amendment is essentially a clarification on "Cost of Fulfilling a Contract".
Ind AS 109 - Annual Improvements to Ind AS (2021)
The amendment clarifies which fees an entity includes when it applies the ''10 percent'' test of Ind AS 109 in assessing whether to derecognise a financial liability.
The Group have evaluated these accounting pronouncements and does not expect the amendments to have significant impact on its financial statements
2.3 Summary of significant accounting policiesa. Current versus non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current / non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
⢠Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
⢠Held primarily for the purpose of trading
⢠Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
⢠Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least
twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
⢠It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
⢠It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
⢠It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
⢠There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after
the reporting period.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities. The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
b. Foreign currencies
The Company''s financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (?), which is also the Company''s functional currency.
Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.
Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in statement of profit and loss.
Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in OCI (other comprehensive income) or profit or loss are also recognised in OCI or profit or loss, respectively).
c. Fair value measurement
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
⢠In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
⢠In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
⢠Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
⢠Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
⢠Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
The Company management determines the policies and procedures for recurring and non-recurring fair value measurement. Involvement of external valuers is decided upon annually by management. The management decodes after discussion with external valuers, about valuation technique and inputs to use for each case.
At each reporting date, the Company''s management analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be re-measured or re-assessed as per the Company''s accounting policies. For this analysis, the Company verifies the major inputs applied in the latest valuation by agreeing the information in the valuation computation to contracts and other relevant documents.
The Company, in conjunction with the Company''s external valuers, also compares the change in the fair value of each asset and liability with relevant external sources to determine whether the change is reasonable.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
This note summarises accounting policy for fair value. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.
⢠Quantitative disclosures of fair value measurement hierarchy [refer Note 45]
⢠Investment properties [refer Note 2.3 (i)]
⢠Financial instruments (including those carried at amortised cost) [refer Note 2.3(q)]
d. Revenue from contracts with customers
Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised in the statement of profit and loss at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the buyer as per the terms of the respective sales order, generally on delivery of the goods. Revenue from the sale of goods is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable, net of returns, allowances and discounts.
The Company considers whether there are other promises in the contract that are separate performance obligations to which a portion of the transaction price needs to be allocated (e.g., warranties,). In determining the transaction price for the sale of equipment, the Company considers the effects of variable consideration and consideration payable to the customer (if any).
If the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the Company estimates the amount of consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for transferring the goods to the customer. The contracts for sale of equipment provide customers with a right for penalty in case of delayed delivery or commissioning and in some contracts compensation for performance shortfall expected in future over the life of the guarantee assured.
ii. Significant financing component
Generally, the Company receives short-term advances from its customers. Using the practical expedient in Ind AS 115, the Company does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if it expects, at contract inception, that the period between the transfer of the promised good or service to the customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less.
iii. Cost to obtain a contract
The Company pays sales commission for contracts obtained. The Company has elected to apply the optional practical expedient for costs to obtain a contract which allows the Company to immediately expense sales commissions because the amortisation period of the asset that the Company otherwise would have used is one year or less.
The Company typically provides warranties for operations and maintenance that existed at the time of sale. These assurance-type warranties are accounted for under Ind AS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets. Refer to the accounting policy on warranty provisions in section (m) Provisions.
The Company provides standard period warranty for all contracts and extended warranty beyond standard in few contracts at the time of sale. These service-type warranties are bundled together with the sale of equipment. Contracts for bundled sales of goods and a service-type warranty comprise two performance obligations because the promises to transfer the equipment and to provide the service-type warranty are capable of being distinct. Using the relative stand-alone selling price method, a portion of the transaction price is allocated to the service-type warranty and recognised as a contract liability. Revenue is recognised over the period in which the service-type warranty is provided based on the time elapsed.
Operation and maintenance income (''OMS'')
Revenues from operation and maintenance contracts are recognised pro-rata over the period of the contract and when services are rendered.
Power evacuation infrastructure facilities
Revenue from power evacuation infrastructure facilities is recognised upon commissioning and electrical installation of the Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) to the said facilities followed by approval for commissioning of WTG from the concerned authorities.
Revenue from land lease activity is recognised upon the transfer of leasehold rights to the customers. Revenue from sale of land / right to sale land is recognised at the point in time when control of asset is transferred to the customer as per the terms of the respective sales order. Revenue from land development is recognised upon rendering of the service as per the terms of the respective sales order.
Revenue from sale of services is recognised in the statement of profit and loss as and when the services are rendered.
Contract balancesi. Contract assets
A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration that is conditional.
A receivable represents the Company''s right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e., only the passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due). Refer to accounting policies of financial assets in section (o) Financial instruments - initial recognition and subsequent measurement.
A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfers goods or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognised when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs under the contract.
e. Government grants and subsidies
Grants and subsidies from the government are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them, and (ii) the grant / subsidy will be received.
When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as deferred income and released to income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.
When the Company receives grants of non-monetary assets, the asset and the grant are recorded at fair value amounts and released to profit or loss over the expected useful life in a pattern of consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset i.e. by equal annual instalments. When loans or similar assistance are provided by governments or related institutions, with an interest rate below the current applicable market rate, the effect of this favourable interest is regarded as a government grant. The loan or assistance is initially recognised and measured at fair value and the government grant is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan and the proceeds received. The loan is subsequently measured as per the accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities.
Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.
Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised either in other comprehensive income or in equity. Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates the positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except:
⢠When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.
⢠In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised, except:
⢠When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.
⢠In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
g. Non-current assets held for sale
Non-current assets or disposal groups comprising of assets and liabilities are classified as ''held for sale'' if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered high probable to be concluded within 12 months of the balance sheet date.
Such non-current assets or disposal groups are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Non-current assets including those that are part of a disposal group held for sale are not depreciated or amortised while they are classified as held for sale.
h. Property, plant and equipment (''PPE'')
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives.
Capital work-in-progress comprises of the cost of PPE that are not yet ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date.
Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when they are incurred.
Depreciation is calculated on the written down value method (''WDV'') based on the useful lives and residual values estimated by the management in accordance with Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The identified components are depreciated separately over their useful lives; the remaining components are depreciated over the life of the principal asset.
Depreciation is calculated on a written down value over the estimated useful lives of the assets (As per Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013) as follows:
Type of asset |
Useful lives (years) |
Buildings |
28 to 58 |
Plant and machinery |
15 to 22 |
Moulds |
15 years or useful life based on usage, whichever is higher |
Wind research and measuring equipment |
3 |
Computers and office equipment |
3 to 5 |
Furniture & fixtures and vehicles |
10 |
Gains or losses arising from de recognition of property, plant and equipment are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset on the date of disposal and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.
The cost includes the cost of replacing parts and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of the investment properties are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred.
The Company depreciates building component of investment property over 58 years from the date of original purchase / date of capitalisation. Though the Company measures investment properties using cost based measurement, the fair value of investment properties is disclosed in the notes.
Investment properties are derecognised either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in profit or loss in the period of de-recognition.
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and the related expenditure is reflected in statement of profit and loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.
Intangible assets are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life.
Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
Research and development costs
Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditures on an individual project are recognised as an intangible asset when the Company can demonstrate:
⢠The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that the asset will be available for use or sale
⢠Its intention to complete and its ability and intention to use or sell the asset
⢠How the asset will generate future economic benefits
⢠The availability of resources to complete the asset
⢠The ability to measure reliably the expenditure during development
Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation of the asset begins when development is complete and the asset is available for use. It is amortised on a straight line basis over the period of expected future benefit from the related project, i.e., the estimated useful life. Amortisation is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. During the period of development, the asset is tested for impairment annually.
A summary of amortisation policies applied to the Company''s acquired and internally generated intangible assets is as below:
Type of asset |
Basis |
Design and drawings SAP and other software |
Straight line basis over a period of five years Straight line basis over a period of five years |
k. Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of
the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.
i. Right-of-use assets (ROU assets)
The Company''s lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for land and factory and office buildings. The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of ROU assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. ROU assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. The ROU assets are also subject to impairment. Refer to the accounting policies in section (s) Impairment of non-financial assets.
ii. Lease liabilities
At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments less any lease incentives receivable. In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its borrowing rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates in the country of domicile of these leases at the lease commencement date. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term or a change in the lease payments.
iii. Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets
For the short-term and low-value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the asset is classified as operating lease.
Assets subject to operating leases other than land and building are included in property, plant and equipment. Lease income on an operating lease is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation, are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.
m. Inventories
Inventories of raw materials including stores and spares and consumables, packing materials, semi-finished goods, components, work-in-progress, project work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost and estimated net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.
The cost of work-in-progress, project work-in-progress, semi-finished goods and finished goods includes the cost of material, labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads.
Stock of land and land lease rights is valued at lower of cost and estimated net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
n. Impairment of non-financial assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (''CGU'') net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pretax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.
The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year. To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods covered by the most recent budgets/ forecasts, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the products, industries, or country or countries in which the entity operates, or for the market in which the asset is used.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life. Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation surplus taken to OCI. For such properties, the impairment is recognised in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation surplus.
The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting periods is reversed if there has been a change in estimates of recoverable amount. The carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no impairment.
Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful life are tested for impairment annually as at year end. Impairment is determined for goodwill by assessing the recoverable amount of each CGU (or group of CGUs) to which the goodwill relates. When the recoverable amount of the CGU is less than its carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognised. Impairment losses relating to goodwill cannot be reversed in future periods.
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
p. Retirement and other employee benefits
Retirement benefits in the form of provident fund, employee state insurance and superannuation fund are defined contribution schemes.
The Company has no obligation other than the contribution payable to the funds and the contribution payable to fund is recognised as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognised as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.
Retirement benefits in the form of gratuity is defined benefit obligations and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using projected unit credit method as at each balance sheet date.
Re-measurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to statement of profit and loss in subsequent periods.
Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The Company recognised the following changes in defined benefit obligation as an expense in statement of profit or loss:
⢠Service cost comprising of current service cost, past service cost gains and loss on entitlements and non-routine settlement.
⢠Net interest expenses or income.
Short-term compensated absences are provided based on estimates. Long-term compensated absences and other long-term employee benefits are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using projected unit credit method, as at each balance sheet date. As the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date, the entire leave is presented as a current liability in the balance sheet and expenses recognised in statement of profit and loss account.
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
⢠Debt instruments at amortized cost
⢠Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
⢠Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
⢠Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
Debt instruments at amortised cost
A ''debt instrument'' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
a. The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and
b. Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.
This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.
Debt instrument at FVTOCI
A ''debt instrument'' is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:
a. The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and
b. The asset''s contractual cash flows represent SPPI.
Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the OCI. However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses & reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the statement of profit and loss.
On de-recognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to statement of profit and loss. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method.
The Company has not designated any financial asset as at FVTOCI.
Debt instrument at FVTPL
FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorisation as at amortised cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.
In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortised cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ''accounting mismatch'').
Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Equity investments
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS 103 Business Combinations applies are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument by- instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.
If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to statement of profit and loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.
Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
Investment in equity shares, compulsorily convertible debentures (''CCD'') and compulsorily convertible preference shares of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures have been measured at cost less impairment allowance, if any.
De-recognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company''s balance sheet) when:
⢠The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
⢠The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ''passthrough'' arrangement; and either:
a. the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or
b. The Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company''s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.
Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.
Impairment of financial assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:
a. Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g., loans, debt securities, deposits, trade receivables and bank balance
b. Financial assets that are debt instruments and are measured as at FVTOCI
c. Trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 115 Revenue from contracts with customers
d. Loan commitments which are not measured as at FVTPL
e. Financial guarantee contracts which are not measured as at FVTPL
The Company follows ''simplified approach'' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables or contract revenue receivables. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.
Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR. When estimating the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:
⢠All contractual terms of the financial instrument (including prepayment, extension, call and similar options) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the financial instrument.
⢠Trade receivables do not carry any interest and are stated at their nominal value as reduced by appropriate allowances for estimated irrecoverable amounts. Estimated irrecoverable amounts are based on the ageing of the receivables balance and historical experience. Individual trade receivables are written off when management deems them not to be collectible.
ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognised during the period is recognised as income / expense in the statement of profit and loss. This amount is reflected under the head ''other expenses'' in the profit and loss. The balance sheet presentation for various financial instruments is described below:
⢠Financial assets measured as at amortised cost and contractual revenue receivables: ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e., as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.
⢠Loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts: ECL is presented as a provision in the balance sheet, i.e. as a liability.
⢠Debt instruments measured at FVTOCI: Since financial assets are already reflected at fair value, impairment allowance is not further reduced from its value. Rather, ECL amount is presented as ''accumulated impairment amount'' in the OCI.
For assessing increase in credit risk and impairment loss, the Company combines financial instruments on the basis of shared credit risk characteristics with the objective of facilitating an analysis that is designed to enable significant increases in credit risk to be identified on a timely basis.
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, at fair value through other equity, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate. In case of extinguishment of financial liabilities with Parent or of restructuring of the existing debt and financial liabilities of Lenders wherein the Lenders of the Company have potential exercisable participative rights pre and post restructuring, the resultant gain or loss arising on extinguishment of the existing debt with restructured debt shall be recognised to other equity.
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through statement of profit and loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.
Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through statement of profit and loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains / losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains / loss are not subsequently transferred to statement of profit and loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through statement of profit and loss.
Loans and borrowings
This is the category most relevant to the Company. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in statement of profit and loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.
Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss. This category generally applies to borrowings.
De-recognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
An embedded derivative is a component of a hybrid (combined) instrument that a
Mar 31, 2018
a. Current versus non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current / non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
- Held primarilyforthe purpose of trading
- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
- It is held primarilyforthe purpose of trading
- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement ofthe liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current. The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
b. Foreign currencies
The Companyâs financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is also the Companyâs functional currency.
Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.
Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in profit or loss.
Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates ofthe initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition ofthe gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in OCI (other comprehensive income) or profit or loss are also recognised in OCI or profit or loss, respectively).
In accordance with Ind AS 101 First time adoption of Indian accounting standard provisions related to first time adoption, the Company has elected to continue with the policy of accounting for exchange differences arising from translation of long-term foreign currency monetary items recognised in the financial statements prepared as per IGAAP (Indian Generally accepted accounting principle) for the year ended March 31, 2016. Accordingly, exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency monetary items (existing as at March 31, 2016) are accumulated in the âForeign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Accountâ and amortised over the remaining life ofthe concerned monetary item. It is presented as a part of âOther Equityâ.
c. Fair value measurement
The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
- Inthe principal market for the asset or liability, or
- Inthe absence of a principal market, inthe most advantageous market for the asset or liability.
The principal orthe most advantageous market must be accessible bythe Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participantâs ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate inthe circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
- Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
- Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
- Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
The Company management determines the policies and procedures for recurring and non-recurring fair value measurement. Involvement of external valuers is decided upon annually by company management. The management decodes after discussion with external valuers, about valuation technique and inputs to use for each case.
At each reporting date, the Companyâs management analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be re-measured or re-assessed as per the Companyâs accounting policies. For this analysis, the Company verifies the major inputs applied in the latest valuation by agreeing the information in the valuation computation to contracts and other relevant documents.
The Company, in conjunction with the Companyâs external valuers, also compares the change in the fair value of each asset and liability with relevant external sources to determine whether the change is reasonable.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
This note summarises accounting policy forfair value. Otherfair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.
- Quantitative disclosures of fair value measurement hierarchy (refer Note 46)
- Investment properties (refer Note 2.3 (h))
- Financial instruments (including those carried at amortised cost) (refer Note 2.3(p))
d. Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognised to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and that the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value ofthe consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. The Company assesses its revenue arrangements against specific criteria, i.e., whether it has exposure to the significant risks and rewards associated with the sale of goods or the rendering of services, in order to determine if it is acting as a principal or as an agent.
Revenue is recognised, net of trade discounts, Goods and Service tax or other taxes, as applicable.
Sale of goods
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the significant risks and rewards in respect of ownership of goods have been transferred to the buyer as per the terms of the respective sales order and the Company neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold. Revenue from the sale of goods is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances and discounts.
Contracts to deliver wind power systems (turnkey and projects involving installation and / or commissioning apart from supply) are classified as construction contracts and the revenue from them is recognised based on the stage of completion ofthe individual contract using the percentage completion method, provided the order outcome as well as expected total costs can be reliably estimated. Where the profit from a contract cannot be estimated reliably, revenue is only recognised equalling the expenses incurred to the extent that it is probable thatthe expenses will be recovered.
Due from customers, if any, are measured at the selling price of the work performed based on the stage of completion less interim billing and expected losses. The stage of completion is measured by the proportion that the contract expenses incurred to date bear to the estimated total contract expenses. The value of components is recognised in âContracts in progressâ upon dispatch of the complete set of components which are specifically identified for a customer and are within the scope of contract, or on completion of relevant milestones, depending on the type of contracts. Where it is probable that total contract expenses will exceed total revenues from a contract, the expected loss is recognised immediately as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.
Where the selling price of a contract cannot be estimated reliably, the selling price is measured only on the expenses incurred to the extent that it is probable that these expenses will be recovered. Prepayments from customers are recognised as liabilities. A contract in progress for which the selling price ofthe work performed exceeds interim billings and expected losses is recognised as an asset. Contracts in progress for which interim billings and expected losses exceed the selling price are recognised as a liability. Expenses relating to sales work and the winning of contracts are recognised in the statement of profit and loss as incurred.
Operation and maintenance income
Revenues from operation and maintenance contracts are recognised pro-rata over the period of the contract and when services are rendered.
Power evacuation infrastructure facilities
Revenue from power evacuation infrastructure facilities is recognised upon commissioning and electrical installation of the Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) to the said facilities followed by approval for commissioning of WTG from the concerned authorities.
Land revenue
Revenue from land lease activity is recognised upon the transfer of leasehold rights to the customers. Revenue from sale of land / right to sale land is recognised when significant risks and rewards in respect of title of land are transferred to the customers as per the terms ofthe respective sales order. Revenue from land development is recognised upon rendering of the service as per the terms of the respective sales order.
Sale of services
Revenue from sale of services is recognised in the statement of profit and loss as and when the services are rendered.
Interest income
For all financial assets measured either at amortised cost, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (âEIRâ). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms ofthe financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses. Interest income is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss.
Dividend income
Dividend income from investments is recognised when the right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.
e. Government grants and subsidies
Grants and subsidies from the government are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them, and (ii) the grant/subsidy will be received.
When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as deferred income and released to income in equal amounts over the expected useful life ofthe related asset.
When the Company receives grants of non-monetary assets, the asset and the grant are recorded at fair value amounts and released to profit or loss over the expected useful life in a pattern of consumption of the benefit ofthe underlying asset i.e. by equal annual instalments. When loans or similar assistance are provided by governments or related institutions, with an interest rate below the current applicable market rate, the effect of this favourable interest is regarded as a government grant. The loan or assistance is initially recognised and measured at fair value and the government grant is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan and the proceeds received. The loan is subsequently measured as per the accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities.
f. Taxes
Current income tax
Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.
Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised either in other comprehensive income or in equity. Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates the positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amountsfor financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except:
- When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time ofthe transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nortaxable profit or loss.
- In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing ofthe reversal ofthe temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carryforward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised, except:
- When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time ofthe transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nortaxable profit or loss
- In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
g. Property, plant and equipment (âPPEâ)
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives.
Capital work-in-progress comprises of the cost of PPE that are not yet ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date.
Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount ofthe plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when they are incurred.
Depreciation is calculated on the written down value method (âWDVâ) based on the useful lives and residual values estimated by the management in accordance with Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The identified components are depreciated separately over their useful lives; the remaining components are depreciated over the life ofthe principal asset.
Depreciation is calculated on a written down value over the estimated useful lives ofthe assets (As per Schedule II to the CompaniesAct) asfollows:
Leasehold land is amortised on a straight line basis over the period of lease.
Gains or losses arising from de recognition of property, plant and equipment are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset on the date of disposal and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
h. Investment properties
Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.
The cost includes the cost of replacing parts and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of the investment property are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred.
The Company depreciates building component of investment property over 58 years from the date of original purchase/date of capitalisation.
Though the Company measures investment property using cost based measurement, the fair value of investment property is disclosed inthe notes.
Investment properties are derecognised either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount ofthe asset is recognised in profit or loss in the period of de-recognition.
i. Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and the related expenditure is reflected in statement of profit and loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.
Intangible assets are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life.
Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset are measured asthe difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount ofthe asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
Research and development costs
Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditures on an individual project are recognised as an intangible asset when the Company can demonstrate:
- The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that the asset will be available for use or sale
- Its intention to complete and its ability and intention to use or sell the asset
- How the asset will generate future economic benefits
- The availability of resources to complete the asset
- The abilityto measure reliably the expenditure during development
Following initial recognition ofthe development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation of the asset begins when development is complete and the asset is available for use. It is amortised on a straight line basis over the period of expected future benefit from the related project, i.e., the estimated useful life. Amortisation is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. During the period of development, the asset istestedfor impairment annually.
Intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life which generally does not exceed five years.
A summary of amortisation policies applied to the Companyâs acquired and internally generated intangible assets is as below:
j. Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part ofthe cost ofthe asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
k. Leases
The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance ofthe arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.
Company as a lessee
Leases, where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.
Company as a lessor
Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership ofthe asset are classified as operating leases. Assets subject to operating leases other than land and building are included in property, plant and equipment. Lease income on an operating lease is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation, are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.
l. Inventories
Inventories of raw materials including stores and spares and consumables, packing materials, semifinished goods, components, work-in-progress, project work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost and estimated net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average basis. The cost of work-in-progress, project work-in-progress, semi-finished goods and finished goods includes the cost of material, labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads.
Stock of land and land lease rights is valued at lower of cost and estimated net realisable value.
Cost is determined on weighted average basis. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
m. Provisions
General
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made ofthe amount ofthe obligation.
If the effect ofthe time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
Liquidity damages
Liquidated damages (âLDâ) represents the expected claims which the Company may need to pay for nonfulfilment of certain commitments as per the terms ofthe respective sales / purchase contracts. These are determined on a case to case basis considering the dynamics of each contract and the factors relevant to that sale.
Operation, maintenance and warranty provisions
Operation, maintenance and warranty (âO&Mâ) represents the expected liability on account of field failure of parts of Wind Turbine Generators (âWTGâ) and expected expenditure of servicing the WTGs over the period of free operation, maintenance and warranty, which varies according to the terms of each sales order.
n. Retirement and other employee benefits
Retirement benefits in the form of provident fund, employee state insurance and superannuation fund are defined contribution schemes. The Company has no obligation other than the contribution payable to the funds and the contribution payable to fund is recognised as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognised as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.
Retirement benefits in the form of gratuity is defined benefit obligations and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using projected unit credit method as at each balance sheet date.
Re-measurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to statement of profit and loss in subsequent periods.
Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The Company recognised the following changes in defined benefit obligation as an expense in statement of profit or loss:
- Service cost comprising of current service cost, past service cost, gains and loss on entitlements and non-routine settlement.
- Net interest expenses or income.
Short-term compensated absences are provided based on estimates. Long term compensated absences and other long-term employee benefits are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using projected unit credit method, as at each balance sheet date. As the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date, the entire leave is presented as a current liability in the balance sheet and expenses recognised in statement of profit and loss account.
o. Share-based payments
Employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share based payment transactions, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).
Equity-settled transactions
The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined bythe fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model.
That cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in share option outstanding account in equity, over the period in which the performance and / or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense.
The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Companyâs best estimate ofthe number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The statement of profit and loss expense or credit for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognised in employee benefits expense.
Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Companyâs best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value. Any other conditions attached to an award, but without an associated service requirement, are considered to be non-vesting conditions. Nonvesting conditions are reflected in the fair value of an award and lead to an immediate expensing of an award unless there are also service and/or performance conditions.
No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest because non-market performance and / or service conditions have not been met. Where awards include a market or non-vesting condition, the transactions are treated as vested irrespective of whether the market or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance and/or service conditions are satisfied.
When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the expense had the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value ofthe share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediatelythrough profit or loss.
The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.
p. Financial instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
- Debt instruments at amortized cost
- Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (âFVTOCIâ)
- Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss (âFVTPLâ)
- Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (âFVTOCIâ)
Debt instruments at amortised cost
A âdebt instrumentâ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cashflows, and
b) Contractual terms ofthe asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (âSPPIâ) on the principal amount outstanding.
This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (âEIRâ) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.
Debt instrument at FVTOCI
A âdebt instrumentâ is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:
a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and sellingthefinancial assets, and
b) The assetâs contractual cashflowsrepresentSPPI.
Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the OCI. However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses & reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the P&L. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to P&L. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method.
The Company has not designated any financial asset as at FVTOCI.
Debt instrument at FVTPL
FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorisation as at amortised cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.
In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortised cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as âaccounting mismatchâ).
Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the P&L.
Equity investments
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS 103 Business Combinations applies are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument by- instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.
If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling ofthe amounts from OCI to P&L, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.
Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the P&L.
Investment in equity shares, compulsorily convertible debentures and compulsory convertible preference shares of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures have been measured at cost less impairment allowance, if any.
De-recognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Companyâs balance sheet) when:
- The rightsto receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
- The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a âpassthroughâ arrangement; and either:
a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards ofthe asset, or
b) The Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control ofthe asset.
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Companyâs continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligationsthatthe Company has retained.
Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.
Impairment of financial assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:
a) Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g., loans, debt securities, deposits, trade receivables and bank balance
b) Financial assets that are debt instruments and are measured as at FVTOCI
c) Trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 11 Construction contracts and Ind AS 18 Revenue
d) Loan commitments which are not measured as at FVTPL
e) Financial guarantee contracts which are not measured as at FVTPL
The Company follows âsimplified approachâ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables or contract revenue receivables. The application of simplified approach does not require the Companyto track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.
Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion ofthe lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR. When estimating the cashflows, an entity is required to consider:
- All contractual terms ofthe financial instrument (including prepayment, extension, call and similar options) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term ofthefinancial instrument.
- Trade receivables do not carry any interest and are stated at their nominal value as reduced by appropriate allowancesfor estimated irrecoverable amounts. Estimated irrecoverable amounts are based on the ageing of the receivables balance and historical experience. Individual trade receivables are written off when management deemsthem not to be collectible.
ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognised during the period is recognised as income / expense in the statement of profit and loss. This amount is reflected under the head âother expensesâ in the profit and loss. The balance sheet presentation for various financial instruments is described below:
- Financial assets measured as at amortised cost and contractual revenue receivables: ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e., as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off
criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.
- Loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts: ECL is presented as a provision in the balance sheet, i.e. as a liability.
- Debt instruments measured at FVTOCI: Since financial assets are already reflected at fair value, impairment allowance is not further reduced from its value. Rather, ECL amount is presented as âaccumulated impairment amountâ inthe OCI.
For assessing increase in credit risk and impairment loss, the Company combines financial instruments on the basis of shared credit risk characteristics with the objective of facilitating an analysis that is designed to enable significant increases in credit risk to be identified on a timely basis.
Financial liabilities
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
The Companyâs financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.
Subsequent measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into bythe Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.
Gains or losses on liabilities heldfortrading are recognised inthe profit or loss.
Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fairvalue through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains / losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains / loss are not subsequently transferred to P&L. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit and loss.
Loans and borrowings
This is the category most relevant to the Company. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIRmethod. Gains and losses are recognised inprofitorlosswhen theliabilities are derecognised as well asthroughtheEIRamortisation process.
Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part ofthe EIR.The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.
This category generally applies to borrowings.
Financial guarantee contracts
Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognised initially as a liability at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance ofthe guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher ofthe amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative amortisation.
The Company on a contract by contract basis, elects to account for financial guarantee contracts, as a financial instrument or as an insurance contract, as specified in Ind AS 109 of Financial Instrument and Ind AS 104 on Insurance Contracts. For insurance contract, the Company performs a liability adequacy test (i.e. assesses the likelihood of any pay-out based on current discounted estimates of future cash flows), and any deficiency is recognised in statement of profit and loss.
De-recognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de recognition ofthe original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Embedded derivatives
An embedded derivative is a component of a hybrid (combined) instrument that also includes a nonderivative host contract-with the effect that some ofthe cash flows ofthe combined instrument vary in a way similar to a standalone derivative. An embedded derivative causes some or all ofthe cash flows that otherwise would be required by the contract to be modified according to a specified interest rate, financial instrument price, commodity price, foreign exchange rate, index of prices or rates, credit rating or credit index, or other variable, provided in the case of a non-financial variable that the variable is not specific to a party to the contract. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms ofthe contract that significantly modifies the cashflows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss.
If the hybrid contract contains a host that is a financial asset within the scope of Ind AS 109, the Company does not separate embedded derivatives. Rather, it applies the classification requirements contained in Ind AS 109 to the entire hybrid contract. Derivatives embedded in all other host contracts are accounted for as separate derivatives and recorded at fair value if their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those ofthe host contracts and the host contracts are not held for trading or designated at fair value though profit or loss. These embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss, unless designated as effective hedging instruments.
Reclassification of financial assets and liabilities
The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Companyâs senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Companyâs operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day ofthe immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.
Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
q. Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting
Initial recognition and subsequent measurement
The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.
The purchase contracts that meet the definition of a derivative under Ind AS 109 are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Commodity contracts that are entered into and continue to be held for the purpose ofthe receipt or delivery of a non-financial item in accordance with the Companyâs expected purchase, sale or usage requirements are held at cost.
Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss, except for the effective portion of cash flow hedges, which is recognised in OCI and later reclassified to profit or loss when the hedge item affects profit or loss or treated as basis adjustment if a hedged forecast transaction subsequently results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or non-financial liability.
For the purpose of hedge accounting, hedges are classified as:
- Fair value hedges when hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognised asset or liability or an unrecognised firm commitment
- Cash flow hedges when hedging the exposure to variability in cash flows that is either attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction orthe foreign currency risk in an unrecognised firm commitment
- Hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation
At the inception of a hedge relationship, the Company formally designates and documents the hedge relationship to which the Company wishes to apply hedge accounting and the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge. The documentation includes the Companyâs risk management objective and strategy for undertaking hedge, the hedging / economic relationship, the hedged item or transaction, the nature of the risk being hedged, hedge ratio and how the entity will assess the effectiveness of changes in the hedging instrumentâs fair value in offsetting the exposure to changes in the hedged itemâs fair value or cashflows attributable to the hedged risk. Such hedges are expected to be highly effective in achieving offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows and are assessed on an ongoing basis to determine that they actually have been highly effective throughout the financial reporting periodsforwhich they were designated.
Hedges that meet the strict criteria for hedge accounting are accounted for, as described below:
i) Fair value hedges
The change in the fair value of a hedging instrument is recognised in the statement of profit and loss as finance costs. The change in the fair value ofthe hedged item attributable to the risk hedged is recorded as part ofthe carrying value ofthe hedged item and is also recognised in the statement of profit and loss as finance costs.
For fair value hedges relating to items carried at amortised cost, any adjustment to carrying value is amortised through profit or loss over the remaining term ofthe hedge using the EIR method. EIR amortisation may begin as soon as an adjustment exists and no later than when the hedged item ceases to be adjusted for changes in its fair value attributable to the risk being hedged.
If the hedged item is derecognised, the unamortised fair value is recognised immediately in profit or loss. When an unrecognised firm commitment is designated as a hedged item, the subsequent cumulative change in the fair value of the firm commitment attributable to the hedged risk is recognised as an asset or liability with a corresponding gain or loss recognised in profit and loss.
ii) Cash flow hedges
The effective portion ofthe gain or loss on the hedging instrument is recognised in OCI in the cash flow hedge reserve, while any ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.
The Company uses forward currency contracts as hedges of its exposure to foreign currency risk in forecast transactions and firm commitments, as well as forward commodity contracts for its exposure to volatility in the commodity prices. The ineffective portion relating to foreign currency contracts is recognised in finance costs and the ineffective portion relating to commodity contracts is recognised in other income or expenses. Amounts recognised as OCI are transferred to profit or loss when the hedged transaction affects profit or loss, such as when the hedged financial income or financial expense is recognised or when a forecast sale occurs. When the hedged item is the cost of a non-financial asset or non-financial liability, the amounts recognised as OCI are transferred to the initial carrying amount ofthe non-financial asset or liability.
If the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised without replacement or rollover (as part ofthe hedging strategy), or if its designation as a hedge is revoked, or when the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI remains separately in equity until the forecast transaction occurs or the foreign currency firm commitment is met.
iii) Foreign exchange forward contract
While the Company entered into other foreign exchange forwards contract with the intention of reducing the foreign exchange risk of expected sales and purchases, these other contracts are not designated in hedge relationships and are measured atfairvalue through profit and loss.
r. Earnings/(loss) per share
Basic earnings / (loss) per share are calculated by dividing the net profit / (loss) for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for any bonus shares, share splits or reverse splits issued during the year and also after the balance sheet date but before the date the financial statements are approved by the board of directors. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings / (loss) per share, the net profit / (loss) for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equityshares.
The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted for bonus shares, share splits or reverse splits as appropriate. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable, had the shares been issued at fair value. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as ofthe beginning ofthe year, unless issued at a later date.
s. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and in hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changesin value.
t. Impairment of non-financial assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the assetâs recoverable amount. An assetâs recoverable amount is the higher of an assetâs or cash-generating unitâs (âCGUâ) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cashflows are discounted to their present value using a pretax discount rate that reflects current market assessments ofthe time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.
The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each ofthe Companyâs CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year. To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods covered bythe most recent budgets/forecasts, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the products, industries, or country or countries in which the entity operates, or for the market in which the asset is used.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount ofthe asset over its remaining useful life. Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation surplus taken to OCI. For such properties, the impairment is recognised in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation surplus.
The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting periods is reversed if there has been a change in estimates of re
Mar 31, 2017
a. Current versus non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current / non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
- Held primarily for the purpose of trading
- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current. The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
b. Foreign currencies
The Companyâs financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, whic his also the Companyâs functional currency.
Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.
Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in profit or loss.
Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in OCI or profit or loss are also recognised in OCI or profit or loss, respectively).
In accordance with Ind AS 101 provisions related to first time adoption, the Company has elected to continue with the policy of accounting for exchange differences arising from translation of long-term foreign currency monetary items recognised in the financial statements prepared as per IGAAP for the year ended March 31, 2016. Accordingly, exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency monetary items (existing as at March 31, 2016) are accumulated in the âForeign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Accountâ and amortised over the remaining life of the concerned monetary item. It is presented as a part of âOther Equityâ.
c. Fair value measurement
The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
- In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participantâs ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
- Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices inactive markets for identical assets or liabilities.
- Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
- Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
The company management determines the policies and procedures for recurring and non-recurring fair value measurement. Involvement of external valuers is decided upon annually by company management. The management decodes after discussion with external valuers, about valuation technique and inputs to use for each case.
At each reporting date, the Companyâs management analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be re-measured or re-assessed as per the Companyâs accounting policies. For this analysis, the Company verifies the major inputs applied in the latest valuation by agreeing the information in the valuation computation to contracts and other relevant documents.
The Company, in conjunction with the Companyâs external valuers, also compares the change in the fair value of each asset and liability with relevant external sources to determine whether the change is reasonable.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
This note summarises accounting policy for fair value. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.
- Quantitative disclosures of fair value measurement hierarchy (refer Note 47)
- Investment properties (refer Note 2.3 (h))
- Financial instruments (including those carried at amortised cost) (refer Note 2.3(p))
d. Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognised to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and that the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. The Company assesses its revenue arrangements against specific criteria, i.e., whether it has exposure to the significant risks and rewards associated with the sale of goods or the rendering of services, in order to determine if it is acting as a principal or as an agent.
Revenue is recognised, net of trade discounts, sales tax, service tax, VAT or other taxes, as applicable.
Sale of goods
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the significant risks and rewards in respect of ownership of goods have been transferred to the buyer as per the terms of the respective sales order. Revenue from the sale of goods is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances and discounts.
Contracts to deliver wind power systems (turnkey and projects involving installation and / or commissioning apart from supply) are classified as construction contracts and the revenue from them is recognised based on the stage of completion of the individual contract using the percentage completion method, provided the order outcome as well as expected total costs can be reliably estimated. Where the profit from a contract cannot be estimated reliably, revenue is only recognised equalling the expenses incurred to the extent that it is probable that the expenses will be recovered.
Due from customers, if any, are measured at the selling price of the work performed based on the stage of completion less interim billing and expected losses. The stage of completion is measured by the proportion that the contract expenses incurred to date bear to the estimated total contract expenses. The value of components is recognised in âContracts in progressâ upon dispatch of the complete set of components which are specifically identified for a customer and are within the scope of contract, or on completion of relevant milestones, depending on the type of contracts. Where it is probable that total contract expenses will exceed total revenues from a contract, the expected loss is recognised immediately as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.
Where the selling price of a contract cannot be estimated reliably, the selling price is measured only on the expenses incurred to the extent that it is probable that these expenses will be recovered. Prepayments from customers are recognised as liabilities. A contract in progress for which the selling price of the work performed exceeds interim billings and expected losses is recognised as an asset. Contracts in progress for which interim billings and expected losses exceed the selling price are recognised as a liability. Expenses relating to sales work and the winning of contracts are recognised in the statement of profit and loss as incurred.
Operation and maintenance income
Revenues from operation and maintenance contracts are recognised pro-rata over the period of the contract and when services are rendered.
Power evacuation infrastructure facilities
Revenue from power evacuation infrastructure facilities is recognised upon commissioning and electrical installation of the Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) to the said facilities followed by approval for commissioning of WTG from the concerned authorities.
Land revenue
Revenue from land lease activity is recognised upon the transfer of leasehold rights to the customers. Revenue from sale of land / right to sale land is recognised when significant risks and rewards in respect of title of land are transferred to the customers as per the terms of the respective sales order. Revenue from land development is recognised upon rendering of the service as per the terms of the respective sales order.
Sale of services
Revenue from sale of services is recognised in the statement of profit and loss as and when the services are rendered.
Interest income
For all financial assets measured either at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses. Interest income is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss.
Dividend income
Dividend income from investments is recognised when the right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.
e. Government grants and subsidies
Grants and subsidies from the government are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them, and (ii) the grant/subsidy will be received.
When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as deferred income and released to income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.
When the Company receives grants of non-monetary assets, the asset and the grant are recorded at fair value amounts and released to profit or loss over the expected useful life in a pattern of consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset i.e. by equal annual instalments. When loans or similar assistance are provided by governments or related institutions, with an interest rate below the current applicable market rate, the effect of this favourable interest is regarded as a government grant. The loan or assistance is initially recognised and measured at fair value and the government grant is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan and the proceeds received. The loan is subsequently measured as per the accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities.
f. Taxes Current income tax
Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.
Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised either in other comprehensive income or in equity. Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly inequity. Management periodically evaluates the positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Deferred tax
Deferred taxis provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except:
- When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss
- In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised, except:
- When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss
In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
g. Property, plant and equipment (âPPEâ)
Since there is no change in the functional currency, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value for all of its property, plant and equipment as recognised in its IGAAP financial statements as deemed cost at the transition date, viz., April 1,2015.
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives.
Capital work-in-progress comprises of the cost of PPE that are not yet ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date.
Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when they are incurred.
Depreciation is calculated on the written down value method (âWDVâ) based on the useful lives and residual values estimated by the management in accordance with Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The identified components are depreciated separately over their useful lives; the remaining components are depreciated over the life of the principal asset.
Depreciation is calculated on a written down value over the estimated useful lives of the assets (As per Schedule II of the Companies Act) as follows:
Leasehold land is amortised on a straight line basis over the period of lease.
Gains or losses arising from de recognition of property, plant and equipment are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset on the date of disposal and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial yearend and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
h. Investment properties
Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.
The cost includes the cost of replacing parts and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of the investment property are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred.
The Company depreciates building component of investment property over 58 years from the date of original purchase/ date of capitalisation.
Though the Company measures investment property using cost based measurement, the fair value of investment property is disclosed in the notes.
Investment properties are derecognised either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in profit or loss in the period of de-recognition.
i. Intangible assets
Since there is no change in the functional currency, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value for all of its intangible assets as recognised in its IGAAP financial statements as deemed cost at the transition date, viz., April 1,2015.
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and the related expenditure is reflected in statement of profit and loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.
Intangible assets are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life.
Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
Research and development costs
Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditures on an individual project are recognised as an intangible asset when the Company can demonstrate:
- The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that the asset will be available for use or sale
- Its intention to complete and its ability and intention to use or sell the asset
- How the asset will generate future economic benefits
- The availability of resources to complete the asset
- The ability to measure reliably the expenditure during development
Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation of the asset begins when development is complete and the asset is available for use. It is amortised on a straight line basis over the period of expected future benefit from the related project, i.e., the estimated useful life. Amortisation is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. During the period of development, the asset is tested for impairment annually.
Intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life which generally does not exceed five years.
j. Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
k. Leases
The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.
For arrangements entered into prior to April 1, 2015, the Company has determined whether the arrangement contain lease on the basis of facts and circumstances existing on the date of transition.
Company as a lessee
Leases, where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.
Company as a lessor
Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the asset are classified as operating leases. Assets subject to operating leases other than land and building are included in property, plant and equipment. Lease income on an operating lease is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation, are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.
l. Inventories
Inventories of raw materials including stores and spares and consumables, packing materials, semi-finished goods, components, work-in-progress, project work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost and estimated net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.
The cost of work-in-progress, project work-in-progress, semi-finished goods and finished goods includes the cost of material, labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads.
Stock of land and land lease rights is valued at lower of cost and estimated net realisable value.
Cost is determined on weighted average basis. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
m. Provisions
General
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
Liquidity damages
Liquidated damages (âLDâ) represents the expected claims which the Company may need to pay for non-fulfilment of certain commitments as per the terms of the respective sales / purchase contracts. These are determined on a case to case basis considering the dynamics of each contract and the factors relevant to that sale.
Operation, maintenance and warranty provisions
Operation, maintenance and warranty (âO&Mâ) represents the expected liability on account of field failure of parts of Wind Turbine Generators (âWTGâ) and expected expenditure of servicing the WTGs over the period of free operation, maintenance and warranty, which varies according to the terms of each sales order.
n. Retirement and other employee benefits
Retirement benefits in the form of provident fund, employee state insurance and superannuation fund are defined contribution schemes. The Company has no obligation other than the contribution payable to the funds and the contribution payable to fund is recognised as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognised as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.
Retirement benefits in the form of gratuity is defined benefit obligations and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using projected unit credit method as at each balance sheet date.
Re-measurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to statement of profit and loss in subsequent periods.
Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The Company recognised the following changes in defined benefit obligation as an expense in statement of profit or loss:
- Service cost comprising of current service cost, past service cost gains and loss on entitlements and non-routine settlement.
- Net interest expenses or income.
Short-term compensated absences are provided based on estimates. Long term compensated absences and other long-term employee benefits are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using projected unit credit method, as at each balance sheet date. As the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date, the entire leave is presented as a current liability in the balance sheet and expenses recognised in statement of profit and loss account.
o. Share-based payments
In accordance with Ind AS 101 provisions related to first time adoption, the Company has elected to apply exemption for share based payments to equity instruments that are vested before date of transition to Ind AS. i.e. April 1,2015.
Employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share based payment transactions, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).
Equity-settled transactions
The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model.
That cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in share option outstanding account in equity, over the period in which the performance and / or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense.
The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Companyâs best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The statement of profit and loss expense or credit for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognised in employee benefits expense.
Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Companyâs best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value. Any other conditions attached to an award, but without an associated service requirement, are considered to be non vesting conditions. Non-vesting conditions are reflected in the fair value of an award and lead to an immediate expensing of an award unless there are also service and/or performance conditions.
No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest because non-market performance and / or service conditions have not been met. Where awards include a market or non-vesting condition, the transactions are treated as vested irrespective of whether the market or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance and / or service conditions are satisfied.
When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the expense had the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through profit or loss.
The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.
p. Financial instruments
In accordance with Ind AS 101 provisions related to first time adoption, the Company has elected to apply following exceptions/exemptions prospectively from April 1,2015.
- Classification and measurement of financial assets have been done based on facts and circumstances existed on transition date.
- Elected to continue carrying value of equity instruments in subsidiaries, associates and jointly controlled entities as deemed cost on transition date.
- De-recognition of financial assets and financial liabilities have been applied prospectively
- Applied the requirements of relating to accounting for difference between fair value of financial asset or financial liability from its transaction price of Ind AS 109 prospectively.
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
- Debt instruments at amortized cost
- Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
- Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
- Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
Debt instruments at amortised cost
A âdebt instrumentâ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and
b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.
This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.
Debt instrument at FVTOCI
Aâ debt instrumentâ is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:
a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and
b) The assetâs contractual cash flows represent SPPI.
Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses & reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the P&L. On de-recognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to P&L. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method.
The Company has not designated any financial asset as at FVTOCI.
Debt instrument at FVTPL
FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorisation as at amortised cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.
In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortised cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to asâ accounting mismatchâ).
Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the P&L. Equity investments
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS 103 applies are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument by instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.
If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to P&L, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.
Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the P&L.
Investment in equity shares, compulsorily convertible debentures and compulsory convertible preference shares of subsidiaries, associates and jointly controlled entities have been measured at cost less impairment allowance, if any.
De-recognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Companyâs balance sheet) when:
- The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
- The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a âpass-throughâ arrangement; and either:
a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or
b) The Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Companyâs continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.
Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss(ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:
a) Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g., loans, debt securities, deposits, trade receivables and bank balance
b) Financial assets that are debt instruments and are measured as at FVTOCI
c) Trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 11 and Ind AS 18
d) Loan commitments which are not measured as at FVTPL
e) Financial guarantee contracts which are not measured as at FVTPL
The Company follows âsimplified approachâ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables or contract revenue receivables. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on life time ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.
Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR. When estimating the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:
- All contractual terms of the financial instrument (including prepayment, extension, call and similar options) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the financial instrument.
- Trade receivables do not carry any interest and are stated at their nominal value as reduced by appropriate allowances for estimated irrecoverable amounts. Estimated irrecoverable amounts are based on the ageing of the receivables balance and historical experience. Individual trade receivables are written off when management deems them not to be collectible.
ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognised during the period is recognised as income / expense in the statement of profit and loss. This amount is reflected under the head âother expensesâ in the profit and loss. The balance sheet presentation for various financial instruments is described below:
- Financial assets measured as at amortised cost and contractual revenue receivables: ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e., as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.
- Loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts: ECL is presented as a provision in the balance sheet, i.e. as a liability.
- Debt instruments measured at FVTOCI: Since financial assets are already reflected at fair value, impairment allowance is not further reduced from its value. Rather, ECL amount is presented as âaccumulated impairment amountâ in the OCI.
For assessing increase in credit risk and impairment loss, the Company combines financial instruments on the basis of shared credit risk characteristics with the objective of facilitating an analysis that is designed to enable significant increases in credit risk to be identified on a timely basis.
The Company does not have any purchased or originated credit-impaired (POCI) financial assets, i.e., financial assets which are credit impaired on purchase/origination.
Financial liabilities
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
The Companyâs financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.
Subsequent measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.
Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the profit or loss.
Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains / losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains / loss are not subsequently transferred to P&L. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit and loss.
Loans and borrowings
This is the category most relevant to the Company. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.
Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.
This category generally applies to borrowings.
Financial guarantee contracts
Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognised initially as a liability at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative amortisation.
De-recognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Embedded derivatives
An embedded derivative is a component of a hybrid (combined) instrument that also includes a non-derivative host contract - with the effect that some of the cash flows of the combined instrument vary in a way similar to a standalone derivative. An embedded derivative causes some or all of the cash flows that otherwise would be required by the contract to be modified according to a specified interest rate, financial instrument price, commodity price, foreign exchange rate, index of prices or rates, credit rating or credit index, or other variable, provided in the case of a non-financial variable that the variable is not specific to a party to the contract. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cash flows that would otherwise be required or a reclassification of a financial asset out of the fair value through profit or loss.
If the hybrid contract contains a host that is a financial asset within the scope of Ind AS 109, the Company does not separate embedded derivatives. Rather, it applies the classification requirements contained in Ind AS 109 to the entire hybrid contract. Derivatives embedded in all other host contracts are accounted for as separate derivatives and recorded at fair value if their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the host contracts are not held for trading or designated at fair value though profit or loss. These embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss, unless designated as effective hedging instruments.
Reclassification of financial assets
The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Companyâs senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Companyâs operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
q. Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting
Initial recognition and subsequent measurement
The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.
The purchase contracts that meet the definition of a derivative under Ind AS 109 are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Commodity contracts that are entered into and continue to be held for the purpose of the receipt or delivery of a non-financial item in accordance with the Companyâs expected purchase, sale or usage requirements are held at cost.
Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss, except for the effective portion of cash flow hedges, which is recognised in OCI and later reclassified to profit or loss when the hedge item affects profit or loss or treated as basis adjustment if a hedged forecast transaction subsequently results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or non-financial liability.
For the purpose of hedge accounting, hedges are classified as:
- Fair value hedges when hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognised asset or liability or an unrecognised firm commitment
- Cash flow hedges when hedging the exposure to variability in cash flows that is either attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability ora highly probable forecast transaction or the foreign currency risk in an unrecognised firm commitment
- Hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation
At the inception of a hedge relationship, the Company formally designates and documents the hedge relationship to which the Company wishes to apply hedge accounting and the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge. The documentation includes the Companyâs risk management objective and strategy for undertaking hedge, the hedging / economic relationship, the hedged item or transaction, the nature of the risk being hedged, hedge ratio and how the entity will assess the effectiveness of changes in the hedging instrumentâs fair value in offsetting the exposure to changes in the hedged itemâs fair value or cash flows attributable to the hedged risk. Such hedges are expected to be highly effective in achieving offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows and are assessed on an ongoing basis to determine that they actually have been highly effective through out the financial reporting periods for which they were designated.
Hedges that meet the strict criteria for hedge accounting are accounted for, as described below:
i) Fair value hedges
The change in the fair value of a hedging instrument is recognised in the statement of profit and loss as finance costs. The change in the fair value of the hedged item attributable to the risk hedged is recorded as part of the carrying value of the hedged item and is also recognised in the statement of profit and loss as finance costs.
For fair value hedges relating to items carried at amortised cost, any adjustment to carrying value is amortised through profit or loss over the remaining term of the hedge using the EIR method. EIR amortisation may begin as soon as an adjustment exists and no later than when the hedged item ceases to be adjusted for changes in its fair value attributable to the risk being hedged.
If the hedged item is derecognised, the unamortised fair value is recognised immediately in profit or loss. When an unrecognised firm commitment is designated as a hedged item, the subsequent cumulative change in the fair value of the firm commitment attributable to the hedged risk is recognised as an asset or liability with a corresponding gain or loss recognised in profit and loss.
ii) Cash flow hedges
The effective portion of the gain or loss on the hedging instrument is recognised in OCI in the cash flow hedge reserve, while any ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.
The Company uses forward currency contracts as hedges of its exposure to foreign currency risk in forecast transactions and firm commitments, as well as forward commodity contracts for its exposure to volatility in the commodity prices. The ineffective portion relating to foreign currency contracts is recognised in finance costs and the ineffective portion relating to commodity contracts is recognised in other income or expenses. Amounts recognised as OCI are transferred to profit or loss when the hedged transaction affects profit or loss, such as when the hedged financial income or financial expense is recognised or when a forecast sale occurs. When the hedged item is the cost of a non-financial asset or non-financial liability, the amounts recognised as OCI are transferred to the initial carrying amount of the non-financial asset or liability.
If the hedging instrument expires oris sold, terminated or exercised without replacement or rollover (as part of the hedging strategy), or if its designation as a hedge is revoked, or when the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI remains separately in equity until the forecast transaction occurs or the foreign currency firm commitment is met.
iii) Foreign exchange forward contract
While the Company entered into other foreign exchange forwards contract with the intention of reducing the foreign exchange risk of expected sales and purchases, these other contracts are not designated in hedge relationships and are measured at fair value through profit and loss.
r. Earnings/(loss) per share
Basic earnings / (loss) per share are calculated by dividing the net profit / (loss) for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for any bonus shares, share splits or reverse splits issued during the year and also after the balance sheet date but before the date the financial statements are approved by the board of directors. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings / (loss) per share, the net profit / (loss) for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted for bonus shares, share splits or reverse splits as appropriate. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable, had the shares been issued at fair value. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the year, unless issued at a later date.
s. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and in hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
t. Impairment of non-financial assets
The Group assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Group estimates the assetâs recoverable amount. An assetâs recoverable amount is the higher of an assetâs or cash-generating unitâs (âCGUâ) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.
The Group bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Groupâs CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year. To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods covered by the most recent budgets / forecasts, the Group extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate does not exceed the long-term aver
Mar 31, 2016
1. Corporate information
Suzlon Energy Limited (''SEL'' or the ''Company'') having CIN:
L40100GJ1995PLC025447 is a public company domiciled in India. Its
shares are listed on two stock exchanges in India. The Company is
primarilyengaged in the business of manufacturing of wind turbine
generators (''WTGs'')and related components of various capacities.
2. Basis of preparation
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in India
(Indian GAAP). The Company has prepared these financial statements to
comply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified
under section 133 of the Companies Act 2013 read together with
paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014. The financial
statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the
historical cost convention, except in case of assets for which
provision for impairment is made and derivative instruments which have
been measured at fair value.
The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of financial
statements are consistent with those of previous year, except for the
change in accounting policy explained below.
Change in accounting policy
Component accounting
The Company has adopted component accounting as required under Schedule
II to the Companies Act, 2013, from April 01, 2015. Due to application
of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, the Company has changed the
manner of depreciation for its fixed asset. Until previous year, the
Company was not identifying components of fixed asset separately for
depreciation purposes; rather, a single useful life / depreciation rate
was used to depreciate each item of fixed asset. However, now it
identifies and determines cost of each component / part of the asset
separately, if the component / part has a cost which is significant to
the total cost of the asset having useful life that is materially
different from that of the remaining asset. These components are
depreciated over their useful lives; the remaining asset is depreciated
over the life of the principal asset. The Company has also changed its
policy on recognition of cost of major inspection / overhaul. Earlier
Company used to charge such cost directly to statement of profit and
loss. On application of component accounting, the major
inspection/overhaul is identified as a separate component of the asset
at the time of purchase of new asset and subsequently. The cost of such
major inspection / overhaul is depreciated separately over the period
till next major inspection/overhaul. Upon next major inspection /
overhaul, the costs of new major inspection/overhaul are added to the
asset''s cost and any amount remaining from the previous
inspection/overhaul is derecognised.
The above change in accounting policy does not have any material impact
on depreciation, repair and maintenance expense, profit for the current
year as well as the valuation of fixed assets as at March 31,2016.
a. Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires the management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the
reporting period. Although, these estimates are based upon management''s
best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these
assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a
material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in
future periods.
b. Tangible fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and
accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase
price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met and directly
attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for
the intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in
arriving at the purchase price. The manufacturing costs of internally
generated assets comprise direct costs and attributable overheads.
Capital work-in-progress comprises of cost of fixed assets that are not
yet ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date. Assets
held for disposal are stated at the lower of net book value and the
estimated net realisable value.
Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of fixed assets are
measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the
carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of
profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
The Company identifies and determines the cost of each component / part
of the asset separately, if the component / part has a cost which is
significant to the total cost of the asset and has useful life that is
materially different from that of the remaining asset.
Fixed assets held for sale is valued at lower of their carrying amount
and net realizable value. Any write-down is recognised in the statement
of profit and loss.
c. Depreciation on tangible fixed assets
Depreciation on tangible fixed assets is calculated on the written down
value method (''WDV'') based on the useful lives and residual values
estimated by the management in accordance with Schedule II to the
Companies Act, 2013. The identified components are depreciated
separately over their useful lives; the remaining components are
depreciated over the life of the principal asset.
d. Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial
recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets
are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated
impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangible assets,
excluding capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and
expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss in the
year in which the expenditure is incurred. Intangible assets are
amortised on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic
life.
The amortisation period and the amortisation method are reviewed at
least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the
asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the
amortisation period is changed accordingly. If there has been a
significant change in the expected pattern of economic benefits from
the asset, the amortisation method is changed to reflect the changed
pattern. Such changes are accounted for in accordance with AS 5 Net
Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in
Accounting Policies.
Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset are
measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the
carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of
profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
Research and development costs
Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditure
incurred on an individual project is recognised as an intangible asset
when the Company can demonstrate all the following:
i. The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so
that it will be available for use or sale
ii. Its intention to complete the asset
iii. Its ability to use or sell the asset
iv. How the asset will generate future economic benefits
v. The availability of adequate resources to complete the development
and to use or sell the asset
vi. The ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to
the intangible asset during development.
Following the initial recognition of the development expenditure as an
asset, the cost model is applied requiring the asset to be carried at
cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment
losses. Amortisation of the asset begins when development is complete
and the asset is available for use. It is amortised on a straight line
basis over the period of expected future benefit from the related
project, i.e., the estimated useful life. Amortisation is recognised in
the statement of profit and loss. During the period of development, the
asset is tested for impairment annually.
e. Leases
i. Where the Company is a lessee
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased item are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense
in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the
lease term. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs,
etc. are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.
ii. Where the Company is a lessor
Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the
risks and benefits of ownership ofthe asset are classified as operating
leases. Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed
assets.
Lease income on an operating lease is recognised in the statement of
profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs,
including depreciation, are recognised as an expense in the statement
of profit and loss.
f. Borrowing costs
Borrowing cost primarily includes interest and amortisation of
ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of
borrowings.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as
part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs
are expensed in the period they occur.
g. Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an
indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or
when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company
estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount
is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (''CGU'') net
selling price and its valueinuse. The recoverable amount is determined
for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash
inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or
groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds
its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written
down to its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the
statement of profit and loss. In assessing value in use, the estimated
future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax
discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time
value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net
selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if
available. If no such transactions can be identified,an appropriate
valuation model is used.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting periods is reversed
if there has been a change in estimates of recoverable amount. The
carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying
value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there
was no impairment.
h. Government grants and subsidies
Grants and subsidies from the government are recognised when there is
reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the
conditions attached to them, and (ii) the grant/subsidy will be
received.
When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognised as
income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over
the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they
are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is
recognised as deferred income and released to income in equal amounts
over the expected useful life of the related asset.
i. Investments
Investments which are readily realisable and intended to be held for
not more than one year from the date on which such investments are
made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are
classified as long-term investments.
On initial recognition, all investments are measured at cost. The cost
comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges
such as brokerage, fees and duties. If an investment is acquired, or
partly acquired, by the issue of shares or other securities, the
acquisition cost is the fair value of the securities issued.
Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of
cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.
Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for
diminution in value is made to recognise a decline other than temporary
in the value of the investments.
On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying
amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the
statement of profit and loss.
j. Inventories
Inventories of raw materials including stores and spares and
consumables, packing materials, semi-finished goods, components,
work-in-progress, project work-in-progress and finished goods are
valued at the lower of cost and estimated net realisable value. Cost is
determined on weighted average basis.
The cost of work-in-progress, project work-in-progress, semi-finished
goods and finished goods includes the cost of material, labouranda
proportion of manufacturing overheads.
Stock of land and land lease rights is valued at lower of cost and
estimated net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average
basis. Net realisable value is determined by management using technical
estimates.
k. Revenue recognition
Revenue comprises sale of WTGs and wind power systems; service income;
interest; dividend. Revenue is recognised to the extent it is probable
that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and that the
revenue can be reliably measured. The Company collects sales taxes,
service tax, value added taxes (VAT) as applicable on behalf of the
government and therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to
the Company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue.
Sales
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised in the statement of profit and
loss when the significant risks and rewards in respect of ownership of
goods has been transferred to the buyer as per the terms of the
respective sales order, and the income can be measured reliably and is
expected to be received.
Fixed price contracts to deliver wind power systems (turnkey and
projects involving installation and / or commissioning apart from
supply) are recognised in revenue based on the stage of completion of
the individual contract using the percentage completion method,
provided the order outcome as well as expected total costs can be
reliably estimated. Where the profit from a contract cannot be
estimated reliably, revenue is only recognised equalling the expenses
incurred to the extent that it is probable that the expenses will be
recovered.
Due from customers, if any, are measured at the selling price of the
work performed based on the stage of completion less interim billing
and expected losses. The stage of completion is measured by the
proportion that the contract expenses incurred to date bear to the
estimated total contract expenses. The value of self-constructed
components is recognised in ''Contracts in progress'' upon dispatch of
the complete set of components which are specifically identified for a
customer and are within the scope of supply, as per the terms of the
respective sale order for the wind power systems. Where it is probable
that total contract expenses will exceed total revenues from a
contract, the expected loss is recognised immediately as an expense in
the statement of profit and loss.
Where the selling price of a contract cannot be estimated reliably, the
selling price is measured only on the expenses incurred to the extent
that it is probable that these expenses will be recovered. Prepayments
from customers are recognised as liabilities. A contract in progress
for which the selling price of the work performed exceeds interim
billings and expected losses is recognised as an asset. Contracts in
progress for which interim billings and expected losses exceed the
selling price are recognised as a liability. Expenses relating to sales
work and the winning of contracts are recognised in the statement of
profit and loss as incurred.
Operation and maintenance income
Revenues from operation and maintenance contracts are recognised
pro-rata over the period of the contract as and when services are
rendered.
Project execution income
Revenue from services relating to project execution is recognised on
completion of respective service, as per terms of respective sales
order.
Land revenue
Revenue from land lease activity is recognised upon the transfer of
leasehold rights to the customers. Revenue from sale of land / right to
sale land is recognised when significant risks and rewards in respect
of title of land are transferred to the customers as per the terms of
the respective sales order. Revenue from land development is recognised
upon rendering of the service as per the terms of the respective sales
order.
Interest income
Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Incase of
interest charged to customers, interest is accounted for on
availability of documentary evidence that the customer has accepted the
liability.
Dividend income
Dividend income from investments is recognised when the right to
receive payment is established.
l. Foreign currency transactions
i. Initial recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
ii. Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange
rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non- monetary items, which are
measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency,
are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.
Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar
valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the
exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.
Foreign currency transactions entered into by branches, which are
integral foreign operations are accounted in the same manner as foreign
currency transactions described above. Branch monetary assets and
liabilities are restated at the year-end rates.
iii. Exchange differences
The Company accounts for exchange differences arising on translation /
settlement of foreign currency monetary items as below:
1. Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency
monetary items are accumulated in the "Foreign Currency Monetary Item
Translation Difference Account" and amortised over the remaining life
of the concerned monetary item. It is presented as a part of "Reserves
and surplus".
2. All other exchange differences are recognised as income or as
expense in the period in which they arise.
iv. Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency
risk of an existing asset/ liability
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contract is amortised and recognised as an expense / income over the
life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are
recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which
the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation
or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognised as
income or as expense for the period.
m. Derivatives
As per the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (''ICAI'')
announcement, derivative contracts, other than those covered under
AS-11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis and the net loss after
considering the offsetting effect on the underlying hedge items is
charged to the statement of profit and loss. Net gains on marked to
market basis are not recognised.
n. Retirement and other employee benefits
Defined contributions to provident fund and employee state insurance
are charged to the statement of profit and loss of the year, when an
employee renders the related service. There are no other obligations
other than the contribution payable to the respective statutory
authorities.
Defined contributions to superannuation fund are charged to the
statement of profit and loss on accrual basis.
Retirement benefits in the form of gratuity are defined benefit
obligations and are provided for on the basis of an actuarial
valuation, using projected unit credit method as at each balance sheet
date.
Short-term compensated absences are provided based on estimates. Long
term compensated absences and other long- term employee benefits are
provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using projected
unit credit method, as at each balance sheet date. The entire leave is
presented as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it does
not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months
after the reporting date.
Actuarial gains / losses are taken to the statement of profit and loss
and are not deferred.
o. Taxes on income
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India and tax laws
prevailing in the respective tax jurisdictions where the Company
operates. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are
those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.
Current income tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is
recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.
Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between
taxable income and accounting income originating during the current
year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred
tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or
substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred income tax
relating to items recognised directly inequity is recognised in equity
and not in the statement of profit and loss.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable timing
differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible timing
differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that
sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such
deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations where the Company
has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred
tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported
by convincing evidence that they can be realised against future taxable
profits.
In the situations where the Company is entitled to a tax holiday under
the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India or tax laws prevailing in the
respective tax jurisdictions where it operates, no deferred tax (asset
or liability) is recognised in respect of timing differences which
reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the Company''s
gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday
period. Deferred tax in respect of timing differences which reverse
after the tax holiday period is recognised in the year in which the
timing differences originate. However, the Company restricts
recognition of deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such
deferred tax assets can be realised. For recognition of deferred taxes,
the timing differences which originate first are considered to reverse
first.
At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognised deferred
tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax asset to the extent
that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case
may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against
which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each
reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised. Any such write- down is reversed to the extent that it
becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be,
that sufficient future taxable income will be available.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a
legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against
current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred taxes
relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement
of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognises MAT credit
available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing
evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the
specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to
be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognises MAT
credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting
for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the
Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the
statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT credit entitlement." The
Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement" asset at each reporting
date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have
convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified
period in future.
p. Employee stock options
Employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share
based payment transactions, whereby employees render services as
consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).
In accordance with the SEBI (Share Based Employee Benefits)
Regulations, 2014 and the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee
Share-based Payments, the cost of equity-settled transactions is
measured using the intrinsic value method and recognised, together with
a corresponding increase in the "Employee stock options outstanding"
account in "Reserves and surplus". The cumulative expense recognised
for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the
vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has
expired and the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity
instruments that will ultimately vest. The expense or credit recognised
in the statement of profit and loss for a period represents the
movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end
of that period and is recognised in employee benefits expense.
q. Earnings/ (loss) per share
Basic earnings / (loss) per share are calculated by dividing the net
profit / (loss) for the period attributable to equity shareholders
(after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the
weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the
period are adjusted for any bonus shares issued during the year and
also after the balance sheet date but before the date the financial
statements are approved by the board of directors for the purpose of
calculating diluted earnings / (loss) per share. The net profit/(loss)
for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted
average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for
the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are
adjusted for bonus shares as appropriate. The dilutive potential equity
shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable, had the shares been
issued at fair value. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed
converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later
date.
r. Provisions
A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past events; it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made of the amount of obligation. Provisions
are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on
best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet
date. These estimates are reviewed at each balance sheet date and
adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
s. Contingent liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past
events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the
control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised
because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises
in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be
recognised because it cannot be measured reliably.
The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its
existence in the financial statements unless the possibility of an
outflow is remote.
t. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement
comprise cash at bank and in hand, cheques on hand and short-term
investments with an original maturity of three months or less.
u. Measurement of EBITDA and EBIT
The Company has elected to present earnings before interest, tax,
depreciation and amortisation (''EBITDA'') and earnings before interest
and tax (''EBIT'') as a separate line item on the face of the statement
of profit and loss. In the measurement of EBITDA, the Company does not
include depreciation and amortisation expense, finance cost, finance
income, exceptional and extraordinary items and tax expense. The
Company reduces depreciation and amortisation expense from EBITDA to
measure EBIT.
Mar 31, 2015
Change in accounting policy
Employee stock compensation cost
Till October 27, 2014, the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and
Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999, dealt with the grant
of share-based payments to employees. Among other matter, these
guidelines prescribed accounting for grant of share-based payments to
employees. Hence, the company being a listed entity was required to
comply with these Guidelines as well as the Guidance Note on Accounting
for Employee Share-based Payments with regard to accounting for
employee share-based payments. Particularly, in case of conflict
between the two requirements, the SEBI guidelines were prevailing over
the ICAI Guidance Note. For example, in case of equity settled option
expiring unexercised after vesting, the SEBI guidelines required
expense to be reversed through the statement of Profit and Loss whereas
the reversal of expense through the statement of profit and loss is
prohibited under the ICAI Guidance Note. In these cases, the Company
was previously complying with the requirement of SEBI guidelines.
From October 28, 2014, the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and
Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 have been replaced by
the SEBI (Share Based Employee Benefits) Regulations, 2014. The new
regulations don''t contain any specific accounting treatment; rather,
they require ICAI Guidance Note to be followed. Consequent to the
application of the new regulations, the Company has changed its
accounting for equity settled option expiring unexercised after vesting
in line with accounting prescribed in the Guidance Note, i.e., expense
is not reversed through the statement of profit and loss. The
management has decided to apply the revised accounting policy
prospectively from the date of notification of new regulation, i.e.
October 28, 2014.
The change in accounting policy did not have any material impact on
financial statements of the Company for the current year. However due
to application of the regulation, the manner of presentation of
"Employee Stock Option Outstanding Account" under the head "Reserves
and Surplus" has changed. The Company has changed this presentation for
the current as well as previous year.
a. Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires the management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the
reporting period. Although, these estimates are based upon management''s
best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these
assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a
material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in
future periods.
b. Tangible fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and
accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises the purchase
price and borrowing costs if capitalisation criteria are met and
directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working
condition for the intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are
deducted in arriving at the purchase price. The manufacturing costs of
internally generated assets comprise direct costs and attributable
overheads.
Capital work-in-progress comprises of the cost of fixed assets that are
not yet ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date.
Assets held for disposal are stated at the lower of net book value and
the estimated net realisable value.
Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to
its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the
existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.
All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day
repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are
charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which
such expenses are incurred.
The company adjusts exchange differences arising on
translation/settlement of long-term foreign currency monetary items
pertaining to the acquisition of a depreciable asset to the cost of the
asset and depreciates the same over the remaining life of the asset. In
accordance with MCA circular dated 09 August 2012, exchange differences
adjusted to the cost of fixed assets are total differences, arising on
long-term foreign currency monetary items pertaining to the acquisition
of a depreciable asset, for the period. In other words, the company
does not differentiate between exchange differences arising from
foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an
adjustment to the interest cost and other exchange differences.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of fixed assets are measured
as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying
amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and
loss when the asset is derecognised.
c. Depreciation on tangible fixed assets
From the current year, Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 has been
replaced by Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, which prescribes
useful lives for fixed assets. Considering the applicability of
Schedule II, the management has re- estimated useful lives and residual
values of its fixed assets. Depreciation is provided on the written
down value method (''WDV'') unless otherwise stated, pro-rata to the
period of use of assets based on the useful lives :
d. Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial
recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets
are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated
impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangible assets,
excluding capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and
expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss in the
year in which the expenditure is incurred. Intangible assets are
amortised on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic
life.
The amortisation period and the amortisation method are reviewed at
least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the
asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the
amortisation period is changed accordingly. If there has been a
significant change in the expected pattern of economic benefits from
the asset, the amortisation method is changed to reflect the changed
pattern. Such changes are accounted for in accordance with AS 5 Net
Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in
Accounting Policies.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are
measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the
carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of
profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
Research and development costs
Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditure
incurred on an individual project is recognised as an intangible asset
when the Company can demonstrate all the following:
i. The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so
that it will be available for use or sale
ii. Its intention to complete the asset
iii. Its ability to use or sell the asset
iv. How the asset will generate future economic benefits
v. The availability of adequate resources to complete the development
and to use or sell the asset
vi. The ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to
the intangible asset during development.
Following the initial recognition of the development expenditure as an
asset, the cost model is applied requiring the asset to be carried at
cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment
losses. Amortisation of the asset begins when development is complete
and the asset is available for use. It is amortised on a straight line
basis over the period of expected future benefit from the related
project, i.e., the estimated useful life. Amortisation is recognised in
the statement of profit and loss. During the period of development, the
asset is tested for impairment annually.
e. Leases
i. Where the Company is a lessee
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased item are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense
in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the
lease term. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs,
etc. are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.
ii. Where the Company is a lessor
Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the
risks and benefits of ownership of the asset are classified as
operating leases. Assets subject to operating leases are included in
fixed assets.
Lease income on an operating lease is recognised in the statement of
profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs,
including depreciation, are recognised as an expense in the statement
of profit and loss.
f. Borrowing costs
Borrowing cost primarily includes interest and amortisation of
ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of
borrowings.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as
part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs
are expensed in the period they occur.
g. Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an
indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or
when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company
estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable
amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (''CGU'')
net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is
determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate
cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or
groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds
its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written
down to its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the
statement of profit and loss. In assessing value in use, the estimated
future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax
discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time
value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net
selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if
available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate
valuation model is used.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting periods is reversed
if there has been a change in estimates of recoverable amount. The
carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying
value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there
was no impairment.
h. Government grants and subsidies
Grants and subsidies from the government are recognised when there is
reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the
conditions attached to them, and (ii) the grant/subsidy will be
received.
When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognised as
income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over
the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they
are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is
recognised as deferred income and released to income in equal amounts
over the expected useful life of the related asset.
i. Investments
Investments which are readily realisable and intended to be held for
not more than one year from the date on which such investments are
made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are
classified as long-term investments.
On initial recognition, all investments are measured at cost. The cost
comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges
such as brokerage, fees and duties. If an investment is acquired, or
partly acquired, by the issue of shares or other securities, the
acquisition cost is the fair value of the securities issued.
Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of
cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.
Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for
diminution in value is made to recognise a decline other than temporary
in the value of the investments.
On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying
amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the
statement of profit and loss.
j. Inventories
Inventories of raw materials including stores and spares and
consumables, packing materials, semi-finished goods, work-in- progress,
project work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at the lower of
cost and estimated net realisable value. Cost is determined on
weighted average basis.
The cost of work-in-progress, project work-in-progress, semi-finished
goods and finished goods includes the cost of material, labour and a
proportion of manufacturing overheads.
Stock of land and land lease rights is valued at lower of cost and
estimated net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average
basis. Net realisable value is determined by management using technical
estimates.
k. Revenue recognition
Revenue comprises sale of WTGs and wind power systems; service income;
interest; dividend and royalty. Revenue is recognised to the extent it
is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and
that the revenue can be reliably measured. The company collects sales
taxes, service tax, value added taxes (VAT) as applicable on behalf of
the government and therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing
to the Company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue.
Sales
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised in the statement of profit and
loss when the significant risks and rewards in respect of ownership of
goods has been transferred to the buyer as per the terms of the
respective sales order, and the income can be measured reliably and is
expected to be received.
Fixed price contracts to deliver wind power systems (turnkey and
projects involving installation and/or commissioning apart from supply)
are recognised in revenue based on the stage of completion of the
individual contract using the percentage completion method, provided
the order outcome as well as expected total costs can be reliably
estimated. Where the profit from a contract cannot be estimated
reliably, revenue is only recognised equalling the expenses incurred to
the extent that it is probable that the expenses will be recovered.
Due from customers, if any, are measured at the selling price of the
work performed based on the stage of completion less interim billing
and expected losses. The stage of completion is measured by the
proportion that the contract expenses incurred to date bear to the
estimated total contract expenses. The value of self-constructed
components is recognised in ''Contracts in progress'' upon dispatch of
the complete set of components which are specifically identified for a
customer and are within the scope of supply, as per the terms of the
respective sale order for the wind power systems. Where it is probable
that total contract expenses will exceed total revenues from a
contract, the expected loss is recognised immediately as an expense in
the statement of profit and loss.
Where the selling price of a contract cannot be estimated reliably, the
selling price is measured only on the expenses incurred to the extent
that it is probable that these expenses will be recovered. Prepayments
from customers are recognised as liabilities. A contract in progress
for which the selling price of the work performed exceeds interim
billings and expected losses is recognised as an asset. Contracts in
progress for which interim billings and expected losses exceed the
selling price are recognised as a liability. Expenses relating to sales
work and the winning of contracts are recognised in the statement of
profit and loss as incurred.
Operation and maintenance income
Revenues from operation and maintenance contracts are recognised
pro-rata over the period of the contract as and when services are
rendered.
Project execution income
Revenue from services relating to project execution is recognised on
completion of respective service, as per terms of respective sales
order.
Land revenue
Revenue from land lease activity is recognised upon the transfer of
leasehold rights to the customers. Revenue from sale of land/right to
sale land is recognised when significant risks and rewards in respect
of title of land are transferred to the customers as per the terms of
the respective sales order. Revenue from land development is recognised
upon rendering of the service as per the terms of the respective sales
order.
Interest income
Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. In case of
interest charged to customers, interest is accounted for on
availability of documentary evidence that the customer has accepted the
liability.
Dividend income
Dividend income from investments is recognised when the right to
receive payment is established.
l. Foreign currency transactions
i. Initial recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
ii. Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange
rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non- monetary items, which are
measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency,
are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.
Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar
valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the
exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.
Foreign currency transactions entered into by branches, which are
integral foreign operations are accounted in the same manner as foreign
currency transactions described above. Branch monetary assets and
liabilities are restated at the year end rates.
iii. Exchange differences
The Company accounts for exchange differences arising on
translation/settlement of foreign currency monetary items as below:
1. Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary
items related to acquisition of a fixed asset are capitalised and
depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset. For this
purpose, the Company treats a foreign currency monetary item as
"long-term foreign currency monetary item", if it has a term of 12
months or more at the date of its origination.
2. Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency
monetary items are accumulated in the "Foreign Currency Monetary Item
Translation Difference Account" and amortised over the remaining life
of the concerned monetary item. It is presented as a part of "Reserves
and surplus".
3. All other exchange differences are recognised as income or as
expense in the period in which they arise.
In case of exchange differences adjusted to the cost of fixed assets or
arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items, the company does
not consider exchange differences as an adjustment to the interest
cost.
iv. Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency
risk of an existing asset/liability
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contract is amortised and recognised as an expense/income over the life
of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognised
in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the exchange
rates change.
Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward
exchange contract is also recognised as income or as expense for the
period.
m. Derivatives
As per the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (''ICAI'')
announcement, derivative contracts, other than those covered under
AS-11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis and the net loss after
considering the offsetting effect on the underlying hedge items is
charged to the statement of profit and loss. Net gains on marked to
market basis are not recognised.
n. Retirement and other employee benefits
Defined contributions to provident fund and employee state insurance
are charged to the statement of profit and loss of the year, when an
employee renders the related service. There are no other obligations
other than the contribution payable to the respective statutory
authorities.
Defined contributions to superannuation fund are charged to the
statement of profit and loss on accrual basis.
Retirement benefits in the form of gratuity are defined benefit
obligations and are provided for on the basis of an actuarial
valuation, using projected unit credit method as at each balance sheet
date.
Short-term compensated absences are provided based on estimates. Long
term compensated absences and other long- term employee benefits are
provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using projected
unit credit method, as at each balance sheet date. The Company presents
the entire leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it
does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12
months after the reporting date.
Actuarial gains/losses are taken to the statement of profit and loss
and are not deferred.
o. Taxes on income
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India and tax laws
prevailing in the respective tax jurisdictions where the Company
operates. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are
those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.
Current income tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is
recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.
Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between
taxable income and accounting income originating during the current
year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred
tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or
substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred income tax
relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity
and not in the statement of profit and loss.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable timing
differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible timing
differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that
sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such
deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the Company
has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred
tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported
by convincing evidence that they can be realized against future taxable
profits.
In the situations where the Company is entitled to a tax holiday under
the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India or tax laws prevailing in the
respective tax jurisdictions where it operates, no deferred tax (asset
or liability) is recognised in respect of timing differences which
reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the Company''s
gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday
period. Deferred tax in respect of timing differences which reverse
after the tax holiday period is recognised in the year in which the
timing differences originate. However, the Company restricts
recognition of deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such
deferred tax assets can be realized. For recognition of deferred taxes,
the timing differences which originate first are considered to reverse
first.
At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognised deferred
tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax asset to the extent
that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case
may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against
which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each
reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a
legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against
current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred taxes
relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement
of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognises MAT credit
available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing
evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the
specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to
be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognises MAT
credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting
for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the
Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the
statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement." The
Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement" asset at each reporting
date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have
convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified
period in future.
p. Employee stock options
Employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share
based payment transactions, whereby employees render services as
consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).
In accordance with the SEBI (Share Based Employee Benefits)
Regulations, 2014 and the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee
Share-based Payments, the cost of equity-settled transactions is
measured using the intrinsic value method and recognised, together with
a corresponding increase in the "Employee stock options outstanding"
account in "Reserves and surplus". The cumulative expense recognised
for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the
vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has
expired and the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity
instruments that will ultimately vest. The expense or credit recognised
in the statement of profit and loss for a period represents the
movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end
of that period and is recognised in employee benefits expense.
q. Earnings/ (loss) per share
Basic earnings/(loss) per share are calculated by dividing the net
profit/(loss) for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after
deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The
weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period
are adjusted for any bonus shares issued during the year and also after
the balance sheet date but before the date the financial statements are
approved by the board of directors.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings/(loss) per share, the
net profit/(loss) for the period attributable to equity shareholders
and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period
are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are
adjusted for bonus shares as appropriate. The dilutive potential equity
shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable, had the shares been
issued at fair value. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed
converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later
date.
r. Provisions
A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past events; it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made of the amount of obligation. Provisions
are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on
best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet
date. These estimates are reviewed at each balance sheet date and
adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
s. Contingent liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past
events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the
control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised
because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises
in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be
recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not
recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the
financial statements unless the possibility of an outflow is remote.
t. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement
comprise cash at bank and in hand, cheques on hand and short-term
investments with an original maturity of three months or less.
u. Measurement of EBITDA and EBIT
The Company has elected to present earnings before interest, tax,
depreciation and amortisation (''EBITDA'') and earnings before interest
and tax (''EBIT'') as a separate line item on the face of the statement
of profit and loss. In the measurement of EBITDA, the Company does not
include depreciation and amortisation expense, finance cost, finance
income, exceptional and extraordinary items and tax expense. The
Company reduces depreciation and amortisation expense from EBITDA to
measure EBIT.
Mar 31, 2014
A. Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the
reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon management''s
best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these
assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a
material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in
future periods.
b. Tangible fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and
accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises the purchase
price and borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met and
directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working
condition for the intended use. The manufacturing costs of internally
generated assets comprise of direct costs and attributable overheads.
Capital work-in-progress comprises of the cost of fixed assets that are
not yet ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date.
Assets held for disposal are stated at the lower of net book value and
the estimated net realisable value.
Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to
its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the
existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.
All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day
repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are
charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which
such expenses are incurred.
The company adjusts exchange differences arising on translation/
settlement of long-term foreign currency monetary items pertaining to
the acquisition of a depreciable asset to the cost of the asset and
depreciates the same over the remaining life of the asset. In
accordance with MCA circular dated 09 August 2012, exchange differences
adjusted to the cost of fixed assets are total differences, arising on
long-term foreign currency monetary items pertaining to the acquisition
of a depreciable asset, for the period. In other words, the company
does not differentiate between exchange differences arising from
foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an
adjustment to the interest cost and other exchange differences.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of fixed assets are measured
as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying
amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and
loss when the asset is derecognised.
c. Depreciation on tangible fixed assets
Depreciation is provided on the written down value method (''WDV'')
unless otherwise stated, pro-rata to the period of use of assets and is
based on management''s estimate of useful lives of the fixed assets or
at rates specified in schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 read with
section 133 of the Companies Act 2013 and General Circular No.8/2014
dated April 04, 2014 issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs,
whichever is higher.
d. Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial
recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets
are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated
impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangible assets,
excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and
expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss in the
year in which the expenditure is incurred. Intangible assets are
amortized on a straight line basis, over the estimated useful economic
life.
The amortization period and the amortization method are reviewed at
least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the
asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the
amortization period is changed accordingly. If there has been a
significant change in the expected pattern of economic benefits from
the asset, the amortization method is changed to reflect the changed
pattern. Such changes are accounted for in accordance with AS 5 Net
Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in
Accounting Policies.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are
measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the
carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of
profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
Research and development costs
Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditure
incurred on an individual project is recognized as an intangible asset
when the Company can demonstrate all the following:
i. The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so
that it will be available for use or sale;
ii. Its intention to complete the asset;
iii. Its ability to use or sell the asset;
iv. How the asset will generate future economic benefits;
v. The availability of adequate resources to complete the development
and to use or sell the asset;
vi. The ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to
the intangible asset during development.
Following the initial recognition of the development expenditure as an
asset, the cost model is applied requiring the asset to be carried at
cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment
losses. Amortization of the asset begins when development is complete
and the asset is available for use. It is amortized on a straight line
basis over the period of expected future benefit from the related
project, i.e. the estimated useful life. Amortization is recognized in
the statement of profit and loss. During the period of development, the
asset is tested for impairment annually.
e. Leases
i. Where the Company is a lessee
Leases, where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the
risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the
lease term. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs,
etc. are recognized immediately in the statement of profit and loss.
ii. Where the Company is a lessor
Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the
risks and benefits of ownership of the asset are classified as
operating leases. Assets subject to operating leases are included in
fixed assets. Lease income on an operating lease is recognized in the
statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease
term. Costs, including depreciation, are recognized as an expense in
the statement of profit and loss.
f. Borrowing costs
Borrowing cost primarily includes interest and amortization of
ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of
borrowings.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as
part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs
are expensed in the period they occur.
g. Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an
indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or
when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company
estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable
amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (''CGU'')
net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is
determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate
cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or
groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds
its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written
down to its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the
statement of profit and loss. In assessing value in use, the estimated
future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax
discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time
value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net
selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if
available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate
valuation model is used.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting periods is reversed
if there has been a change in estimates of recoverable amount. The
carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying
value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there
was no impairment.
h. Government grants and subsidies
Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is
reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the
conditions attached to them, and (ii) the grant/subsidy will be
received.
When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognized as
income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over
the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they
are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is
recognized as deferred income and released to income in equal amounts
over the expected useful life of the related asset.
i. Investments
Investments which are readily realisable and intended to be held for
not more than one year from the date on which such investments are
made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are
classified as long-term investments.
On initial recognition, all investments are measured at cost. The cost
comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges
such as brokerage, fees and duties. If an investment is acquired, or
partly acquired, by the issue of shares or other securities, the
acquisition cost is the fair value of the securities issued.
Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of
cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.
Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for
diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary
in the value of the investments.
On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying
amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the
statement of profit and loss.
j. Inventories
Inventories of raw materials including stores, spares and consumables,
packing materials, semi-finished goods, work-in- progress, project
work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost and
estimated net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average
basis.
The cost of work-in-progress, project work-in-progress, semi-finished
goods and finished goods includes the cost of material, labour and a
proportion of manufacturing overheads.
Stock of land and land lease rights is valued at lower of cost and
estimated net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average
basis. Net realisable value is determined by management using technical
estimates.
k. Revenue recognition
Revenue comprises sale of WTGs and wind power systems, service income,
interest, dividend and royalty. Revenue is recognised to the extent it
is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and
that the revenue can be reliably measured. The company collects sales
taxes, service tax, value added taxes (VAT) as applicable on behalf of
the government and therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing
to the Company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue.
Sales
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised in the statement of profit and
loss, when the significant risks and rewards in respect of ownership of
goods has been transferred to the buyer as per the terms of the
respective sales order, and the income can be measured reliably and is
expected to be received.
Fixed price contracts to deliver wind power systems (turnkey and
projects involving installation and/or commissioning apart from supply)
are recognised in revenue based on the stage of completion of the
individual contract using the percentage completion method, provided
the order outcome as well as expected total costs can be reliably
estimated. Where the profit from a contract cannot be estimated
reliably, revenue is only recognised equalling the expenses incurred to
the extent that it is probable that the expenses will be recovered.
Due from customers, if any, are measured at the selling price of the
work performed based on the stage of completion less interim billing
and expected losses. The stage of completion is measured by the
proportion that the contract expenses incurred to date bear to the
estimated total contract expenses. The value of self-constructed
components is recognised in ''Contracts in progress'' upon dispatch of
the complete set of components which are specifically identified for a
customer and are within the scope of supply, as per the terms of the
respective sale order for the wind power systems. Where it is probable
that total contract expenses will exceed total revenues from a
contract, the expected loss is recognised immediately as an expense in
the statement of profit and loss.
Where the selling price of a contract cannot be estimated reliably, the
selling price is measured only on the expenses incurred to the extent
that it is probable that these expenses will be recovered. Prepayments
from customers are recognised as liabilities. A contract in progress
for which the selling price of the work performed exceeds interim
billings and expected losses is recognised as an asset. Contracts in
progress for which interim billings and expected losses exceed the
selling price are recognised as a liability. Expenses relating to sales
work and the winning of contracts are recognised in the statement of
profit and loss as incurred.
Operation and maintenance income
Revenues from operation and maintenance contracts are recognized
pro-rata over the period of the contract as and when services are
rendered.
Project execution income
Revenue from services relating to project execution is recognised on
completion of respective service, as per terms of respective sales
order.
Power generation income
Power generation income is recognised based on electrical units
generated and sold, net of wheeling and transmission loss, as
applicable, as disclosed in the power generation reports issued by the
concerned authorities.
Interest income
Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. In case of
interest charged to customers, interest is accounted for on
availability of documentary evidence that the customer has accepted the
liability.
Dividend income
Dividend income from investments is recognised when the right to
receive payment is established.
l. Foreign currency transactions
i. Initial recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
ii. Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange
rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non- monetary items, which are
measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency,
are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.
Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar
valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the
exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.
Foreign currency transactions entered into by branches, which are
integral foreign operations are accounted in the same manner as foreign
currency transactions described above. Branch monetary assets and
liabilities are restated at the year end rates.
iii. Exchange differences
The Company accounts for exchange differences arising on translation/
settlement of foreign currency monetary items as below:
1. Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary
items related to acquisition of a fixed asset are capitalized and
depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset. For this
purpose, the Company treats a foreign currency monetary item as
"long-term foreign currency monetary item", if it has a term of 12
months or more at the date of its origination.
2. Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency
monetary items are accumulated in the "Foreign Currency Monetary Item
Translation Difference Account" and amortized over the remaining life
of the concerned monetary item. It is presented as a part of "Reserves
and surplus".
3. The Group treats a foreign currency monetary item as "long-term
foreign currency monetary item", if it has a term of 12 months or more
at the date of its origination.
4. All other exchange differences are recognized as income or as
expense in the period in which they arise.
In case of exchange differences adjusted to the cost of fixed assets or
arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items, the company does
not consider exchange differences as an adjustment to the interest
cost.
iv. Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency
risk of an existing asset/ liability
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contract is amortized and recognized as an expense/ income over the
life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are
recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which
the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation
or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognized as
income or as expense for the period.
m. Derivatives
As per the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (''ICAI'')
announcement, derivative contracts, other than those covered under
AS-11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis and the net loss after
considering the offsetting effect on the underlying hedge items is
charged to the statement of profit and loss. Net gains on marked to
market basis are not recognised.
n. Retirement and other employee benefits
Defined contributions to provident fund and employee state insurance
are charged to the statement of profit and loss of the year, when an
employee renders the related service. There are no other obligations
other than the contribution payable to the respective statutory
authorities.
Defined contributions to superannuation fund are charged to the
statement of profit and loss on accrual basis.
Retirement benefits in the form of gratuity are defined benefit
obligations and are provided for on the basis of an actuarial
valuation, using projected unit credit method as at each balance sheet
date.
Short-term compensated absences are provided based on estimates. Long
term compensated absences and other long- term employee benefits are
provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using projected
unit credit method, as at each balance sheet date. The Company presents
the entire leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it
does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12
months after the reporting date.
Actuarial gains/losses are taken to the statement of profit and loss
and are not deferred.
o. Taxes on income
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India and tax laws
prevailing in the respective tax jurisdictions where the Company
operates. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are
those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.
Current income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is
recognized in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.
Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between
taxable income and accounting income originating during the current
year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred
tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or
substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred income tax
relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity
and not in the statement of profit and loss.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing
differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible timing
differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that
sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such
deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the Company
has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred
tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported
by convincing evidence that they can be realized against future taxable
profits.
In the situations where the Company is entitled to a tax holiday under
the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India or tax laws prevailing in the
respective tax jurisdictions where it operates, no deferred tax (asset
or liability) is recognized in respect of timing differences which
reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the Company''s
gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday
period. Deferred tax in respect of timing differences which reverse
after the tax holiday period is recognized in the year in which the
timing differences originate. However, the Company restricts
recognition of deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such
deferred tax assets can be realized. For recognition of deferred taxes,
the timing differences which originate first are considered to reverse
first.
At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred
tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax asset to the extent
that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case
may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against
which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each
reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a
legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against
current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred taxes
relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement
of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit
available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing
evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the
specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to
be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT
credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting
for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the
Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the
statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement." The
Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement" asset at each reporting
date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have
convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified
period in future.
p. Employee stock options
Employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share
based payment transactions, whereby employees render services as
consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).
In accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee
Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on
Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, the cost of
equity-settled transactions is measured using the intrinsic value
method and recognized, together with a corresponding increase in the
"Employee stock options outstanding" account in "Reserves and surplus".
The cumulative expense recognized for equity-settled transactions at
each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which
the vesting period has expired and the Company''s best estimate of the
number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The expense or
credit recognized in the statement of profit and loss for a period
represents the movement in cumulative expense recognized as at the
beginning and end of that period and is recognized in employee benefits
expense.
q. Earnings/(loss) per share
Basic earnings/(loss) per share are calculated by dividing the net
profit / (loss) for the period attributable to equity shareholders
(after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the
weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the
period are adjusted for any bonus shares issued during the year and
also after the balance sheet date but before the date the financial
statements are approved by the board of directors.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings/(loss) per share, the
net profit/(loss) for the period attributable to equity shareholders
and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period
are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are
adjusted for bonus shares as appropriate. The dilutive potential equity
shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable, had the shares been
issued at fair value. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed
converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later
date.
r. Provisions
A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past events; it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made of the amount of obligation. Provisions
are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on
best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet
date. These estimates are reviewed at each balance sheet date and
adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
s. Contingent liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past
events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the
control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized
because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises
in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be
recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not
recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the
financial statements unless the possibility of an outflow is remote.
t. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement
comprise cash at bank and in hand, cheques on hand and short-term
investments with an original maturity of three months or less.
u. Measurement of EBITDA and EBIT
As permitted by the Guidance Note on the Revised Schedule VI to the
Companies Act, 1956 read with section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013
and General Circular No.8/2014 dated April 04, 2014 issued by the
Ministry of Corporate Affairs, the Company has elected to present
earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (''EBITDA'')
and earnings before interest and tax (''EBIT'') as a separate line item
on the face of the statement of profit and loss. In the measurement of
EBITDA, the Company does not include depreciation and amortisation
expense, finance cost, finance income, exceptional and extraordinary
items and tax expense. The Company reduces depreciation and
amortisation expense from EBITDA to measure EBIT.
Mar 31, 2013
A. Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of revenue, expenses, assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the
reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon management''s
best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these
assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a
material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in
future periods.
b. Tangible fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and
accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase
price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met and directly
attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for
the intended use. The manufacturing costs of internally generated
assets comprise direct costs and attributable overheads.
Capital work-in-progress comprises of cost of fixed assets that are not
yet ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date. Assets
held for disposal are stated at the lower of net book value and the
estimated net realisable value.
Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to
its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the
existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.
All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day
repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are
charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which
such expenses are incurred.
The company adjusts exchange differences arising on translation/
settlement of long-term foreign currency monetary items pertaining to
the acquisition of a depreciable asset to the cost of the asset and
depreciates the same over the remaining life of the asset. In
accordance with MCA circular dated 09 August 2012, exchange differences
adjusted to the cost of fixed assets are total differences, arising on
long-term foreign currency monetary items pertaining to the acquisition
of a depreciable asset, for the period. In other words, the company
does not differentiate between exchange differences arising from
foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an
adjustment to the interest cost and other exchange difference.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of fixed assets are measured
as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying
amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and
loss when the asset is derecognised.
c. Depreciation on tangible fixed assets
Depreciation is provided on the written down value method (''WDV'')
unless otherwise stated, pro-rata to the period of use of assets and is
based on management''s estimate of useful lives of the fixed assets or
at rates specified in schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956,
whichever is higher:
The Company has used the following rates to provide depreciation on its
fixed assets:
Leasehold land is amortized on a straight line basis over the period of
lease i.e. up to 99 years depending upon the period of lease.
d. Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial
recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets
are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated
impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangible assets,
excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and
expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss in the
year in which the expenditure is incurred. Intangible assets are
amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic
life.
The amortization period and the amortization method are reviewed at
least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the
asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the
amortization period is changed accordingly. If there has been a
significant change in the expected pattern of economic benefits from
the asset, the amortization method is changed to reflect the changed
pattern. Such changes are accounted for in accordance with AS 5 Net
Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in
Accounting Policies.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are
measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the
carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of
profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
Research and development costs
Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditure
incurred on an individual project is recognized as an intangible asset
when the Company can demonstrate all the following:
i. The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so
that it will be available for use or sale
ii. Its intention to complete the asset
iii. Its ability to use or sell the asset
iv. How the asset will generate future economic benefits
v. The availability of adequate resources to complete the development
and to use or sell the asset
vi. The ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to
the intangible asset during development.
Following the initial recognition of the development expenditure as an
asset, the cost model is applied requiring the asset to be carried at
cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment
losses. Amortization of the asset begins when development is complete
and the asset is available for use. It is amortized on a straight line
basis over the period of expected future benefit from the related
project, i.e., the estimated useful life. Amortization is recognized in
the statement of profit and loss. During the period of development, the
asset is tested for impairment annually.
A summary of amortization policies applied to the Company''s intangible
assets is as below:
e. Leases
a. Where the Company is lessee
Leases, where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the
risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the
lease term. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs,
etc. are recognized immediately in the statement of profit and loss.
b. Where the Company is lessor
Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the
risks and benefits of ownership of the asset are classified as
operating leases. Assets subject to operating leases are included in
fixed assets. Lease income on an operating lease is recognized in the
statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease
term. Costs, including depreciation, are recognized as an expense in
the statement of profit and loss.
f. Borrowing costs
Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs
incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as
part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs
are expensed in the period they occur.
g. Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an
indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or
when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company
estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable
amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (''CGU'')
net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is
determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate
cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or
groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds
its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written
down to its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the
statement of profit and loss. In assessing value in use, the estimated
future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax
discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time
value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net
selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if
available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate
valuation model is used.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting periods is reversed
if there has been a change in estimates of recoverable amount. The
carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying
value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there
was no impairment.
h. Government grants and subsidies
Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is
reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the
conditions attached to them, and (ii) the grant/subsidy will be
received.
When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognized as
income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over
the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they
are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is
recognized as deferred income and released to income in equal amounts
over the expected useful life of the related asset.
i. Investments
Investments which are readily realisable and intended to be held for
not more than one year from the date on which such investments are
made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are
classified as long-term investments.
On initial recognition, all investments are measured at cost. The cost
comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges
such as brokerage, fees and duties. If an investment is acquired, or
partly acquired, by the issue of shares or other securities, the
acquisition cost is the fair value of the securities issued.
Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of
cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.
Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for
diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary
in the value of the investments.
On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying
amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the
statement of profit and loss.
j. Inventories
Inventories of raw materials including stores; spares and consumables;
packing materials, semi-finished goods, work-in- progress, project
work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost and
estimated net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average
basis.
The cost of work-in-progress, project work-in-progress, semi-finished
goods and finished goods includes the cost of material, labour and a
proportion of manufacturing overheads.
Stock of land and land lease rights is valued at lower of cost and
estimated net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average
basis. Net realisable value is determined by management using technical
estimates.
k. Revenue recognition
Revenue comprises sale of WTGs and wind power systems; service income;
interest; dividend and royalty. Revenue is recognised to the extent it
is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and
that the revenue can be reliably measured. The company collects sales
taxes, service tax, value added taxes (VAT) as applicable on behalf of
the government and therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing
to the company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue. Revenue (gross)
is disclosed net of excise duty.
Sales
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised in the statement of profit and
loss when the significant risks and rewards in respect of ownership of
goods has been transferred to the buyer as per the terms of the
respective sales order, and the income can be measured reliably and is
expected to be received.
Fixed price contracts to deliver wind power systems (turnkey and
projects involving installation and/or commissioning apart from supply)
are recognised in revenue based on the stage of completion of the
individual contract using the percentage-of completion method, provided
the order outcome as well as expected total costs can be reliably
estimated. Where the profit from a contract cannot be estimated
reliably, revenue is only recognised equalling the expenses incurred to
the extent that it is probable that the expenses will be recovered.
Due from customers, if any, are measured at the selling price of the
work performed based on the stage of completion less interim billing
and expected losses. The stage of completion is measured by the
proportion that the contract expenses incurred to date bear to the
estimated total contract expenses. The value of self-constructed
components is recognised in ''Contracts in progress'' upon dispatch of
the complete set of components which are specifically identified for a
customer and are within the scope of supply, as per the terms of the
respective sale order for the wind power systems. Where it is probable
that total contract expenses will exceed total revenues from a
contract, the expected loss is recognised immediately as an expense in
the statement of profit and loss.
Where the selling price of a contract cannot be estimated reliably, the
selling price is measured only on the expenses incurred to the extent
that it is probable that these expenses will be recovered. Prepayments
from customers are recognised as liabilities. A contract in progress
for which the selling price of the work performed exceeds interim
billings and expected losses is recognised as an asset. Contracts in
progress for which interim billings and expected losses exceed the
selling price are recognised as a liability. Expenses relating to sales
work and the winning of contracts are recognised in the income
statement as incurred.
Operation and maintenance income
Revenues from operation and maintenance contracts are recognized
pro-rata over the period of the contract as and when services are
rendered.
Project execution income
Revenue from services relating to project execution is recognised on
completion of respective service, as per terms of respective sales
order.
Power generation income
Power generation income is recognised based on electrical units
generated and sold, net of wheeling and transmission loss, as
applicable, as disclosed in the power generation reports issued by the
concerned authorities.
Interest income
Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. In case of
interest charged to customers, interest is accounted for on
availability of documentary evidence that the customer has accepted the
liability.
Dividend income
Dividend income from investments is recognised when the right to
receive payment is established.
l. Foreign currency transactions
i. Initial recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
ii. Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange
rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non- monetary items, which are
measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency,
are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.
Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar
valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the
exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.
Foreign currency transactions entered into by branches, which are
integral foreign operations are accounted in the same manner as foreign
currency transactions described above. Branch monetary assets and
liabilities are restated at the year end rates.
iii. Exchange differences
The Company accounts for exchange differences arising on translation/
settlement of foreign currency monetary items as below:
1. Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary
items related to acquisition of a fixed asset are capitalized and
depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset. For this
purpose, the Company treats a foreign currency monetary item as
"long-term foreign currency monetary item", if it has a term of 12
months or more at the date of its origination.
2. Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency
monetary items are accumulated in the "Foreign Currency Monetary Item
Translation Difference Account" and amortized over the remaining life
of the concerned monetary item. It is presented as a part of "Reserves
and surplus".
3. All other exchange differences are recognized as income or as
expenses in the period in which they arise.
In case of exchange differences adjusted to the cost of fixed assets or
arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items, the company does
not consider exchange differences as an adjustment to the interest
cost.
iv. Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency
risk of an existing asset/ liability
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contract is amortized and recognized as an expense/ income over the
life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are
recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which
the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation
or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognized as
income or as expense for the period.
m. Derivatives
As per the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (''ICAI'')
announcement, derivative contracts, other than those covered under
AS-11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis and the net loss after
considering the offsetting effect on the underlying hedge items is
charged to the statement of profit and loss. Net gains on marked to
market basis are not recognised.
n. Retirement and other employee benefits
Defined contributions to provident fund and employee state insurance
are charged to the statement of profit and loss of the year, when an
employee renders the related service. There are no other obligations
other than the contribution payable to the respective statutory
authorities.
Defined contributions to superannuation fund are charged to the
statement of profit and loss on accrual basis.
Retirement benefits in the form of gratuity are defined benefit
obligations and are provided for on the basis of an actuarial
valuation, using projected unit credit method as at each balance sheet
date.
Short-term compensated absences are provided based on estimates. Long
term compensated absences and other long- term employee benefits are
provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using projected
unit credit method, as at each balance sheet date. The Company presents
the entire leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it
does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12
months after the reporting date.
Actuarial gains/losses are taken to the statement of profit and loss
and are not deferred.
o. Taxes on income
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India and tax laws
prevailing in the respective tax jurisdictions where the Company
operates. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are
those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.
Current income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is
recognized in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.
Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between
taxable income and accounting income originating during the current
year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred
tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or
substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred income tax
relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity
and not in the statement of profit and loss.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing
differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible timing
differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that
sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such
deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the Company
has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred
tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported
by convincing evidence that they can be realized against future taxable
profits.
In the situations where the Company is entitled to a tax holiday under
the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India or tax laws prevailing in the
respective tax jurisdictions where it operates, no deferred tax (asset
or liability) is recognized in respect of timing differences which
reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the Company''s
gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday
period. Deferred tax in respect of timing differences which reverse
after the tax holiday period is recognized in the year in which the
timing differences originate. However, the Company restricts
recognition of deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such
deferred tax assets can be realized. For recognition of deferred taxes,
the timing differences which originate first are considered to reverse
first.
At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred
tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax asset to the extent
that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case
may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against
which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each
reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a
legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against
current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred taxes
relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement
of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit
available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing
evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the
specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to
be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT
credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting
for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the
Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the
statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement." The
Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement" asset at each reporting
date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have
convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified
period in future.
p. Employee stock options
Employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share
based payment transactions, whereby employees render services as
consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).
In accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee
Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on
Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, the cost of
equity-settled transactions is measured using the intrinsic value
method and recognized, together with a corresponding increase in the
"Employee stock options outstanding" account in reserves and surplus.
The cumulative expense recognized for equity-settled transactions at
each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which
the vesting period has expired and the Company''s best estimate of the
number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The expense or
credit recognized in the statement of profit and loss for a period
represents the movement in cumulative expense recognized as at the
beginning and end of that period and is recognized in employee benefits
expense.
q. Earnings/(loss) per share
Basic earnings/(loss) per share are calculated by dividing the net
profit / (loss) for the period attributable to equity shareholders
(after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the
weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the
period are adjusted for any bonus shares issued during the year and
also after the balance sheet date but before the date the financial
statements are approved by the board of directors.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings/(loss) per share, the
net profit/(loss) for the period attributable to equity shareholders
and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period
are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are
adjusted for bonus shares as appropriate. The dilutive potential equity
shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable, had the shares been
issued at fair value. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed
converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later
date.
r. Provisions
A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past events; it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made of the amount of obligation. Provisions
are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on
best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet
date. These estimates are reviewed at each balance sheet date and
adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
s. Contingent liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past
events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the
control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized
because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises
in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be
recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not
recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the
financial statements unless the possibility of an outflow is remote.
t. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement
comprise cash at bank and in hand, cheques on hand and short-term
investments with an original maturity of three months or less.
u. Measurement of EBITDA and EBIT
As permitted by the Guidance Note on the Revised Schedule VI to the
Companies Act, 1956, the Company has elected to present earnings before
interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (''EBITDA'') and earnings
before interest and tax (''EBIT'') as a separate line item on the face of
the statement of profit and loss. In the measurement of EBITDA, the
Company does not include depreciation and amortisation expense, finance
cost, finance income, exceptional and extraordinary items and tax
expense. The Company reduces depreciation and amortisation expense from
EBITDA to measure EBIT.
Mar 31, 2012
A. Change in accounting policy Presentation and disclosure of
financial statements
During the year ended March 31, 2012, the revised Schedule VI notified
under the Act has become applicable to the Company, for preparation and
presentation of its financial statements. Except accounting for
dividend on investment in subsidiary companies (see below), the
adoption of revised Schedule VI does not impact recognition and
measurement principles followed for preparation of financial
statements. However, it has significant impact on presentation and
disclosures made in the financial statements. The Company has also
reclassified the previous year figures in accordance with the
requirements applicable in the current year.
Dividend income from investments in subsidiary companies
Till the year ended March 31, 2011, the company, in accordance with the
pre-revised Schedule VI requirement, was recognizing dividend declared
by subsidiary companies after the reporting date in the current year's
statement of profit and loss if such dividend pertained to the period
ending on or before the reporting date. The revised Schedule VI,
applicable for financial years commencing on or after 1 April 2011,
does not contain this requirement. Hence, to comply with AS 9 'Revenue
Recognition', the Company has changed its accounting policy for
recognition of dividend income from subsidiary companies. In accordance
with the revised policy, the Company recognizes dividend as income only
when the right to receive the same is established by the reporting
date.
There is no impact on current year's profits due to the change in
accounting policy.
b. Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires management to make judgments', estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of revenue, expenses, assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the
reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon management's
best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these
assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring
material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in
future periods.
c. Tangible fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and
accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase
price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met and directly
attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for
the intended use. The manufacturing costs of internally generated
assets comprise direct costs and attributable overheads.
Capital work-in-progress comprises of cost of fixed assets that are not
yet ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date. Assets
held for disposal are stated at the lower of net book value and the
estimated net realizable value.
Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to
its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the
existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.
All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day
repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are
charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which
such expenses are incurred.
From accounting periods commencing on or after December 7, 2006, the
Company adjusts exchange differences arising on translation/settlement
of long-term foreign currency monetary items pertaining to the
acquisition of a depreciable asset to the cost of the asset and
depreciates the same over the remaining life of the asset.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of fixed assets are measured
as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying
amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and
loss when the asset is derecognized.
d. Depreciation on tangible fixed assets
Depreciation is provided on the written down value method ('WDV')
unless otherwise stated, pro-rata to the period of use of assets and is
based on management's estimate of useful lives of the fixed assets or
at Rates specified in schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956,
whichever is higher:
The Company has used the following rates to provide depreciation on its
fixed assets:
e. Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial
recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets
are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated
impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangible assets,
excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and
expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss in the
year in which the expenditure is incurred. Intangible assets are
amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic
life.
The amortization period and the amortization method are reviewed at
least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the
asset is significantly different from previous estimates ,the
amortization period is changed accordingly. If there has been a
significant change in the expected pattern of economic benefits from
the asset, the amortization method is changed to reflect the changed
pattern. Such changes are accounted for in accordance with AS 5 Net
Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in
Accounting Policies.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are
measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the
carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of
profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.
Research and development costs
Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditure
incurred on an individual project is recognized as an intangible asset
when the Company can demonstrate all the following:
i. The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so
that it will be available for use or sale
ii. Its intention to complete the asset
iii. Its ability to use or sell the asset
iv. How the asset will generate future economic benefits
v. The availability of adequate resources to complete the development
and to use or sell the asset
vi. The ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to
the intangible asset during development.
Following the initial recognition of the development expenditure as an
asset, the cost model is applied requiring the asset to be carried at
cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment
losses. Amortization of the asset begins when development is complete
and the asset is available for use. It is amortized on a straight line
basis over the period of expected future benefit from the related
project, i.e., the estimated useful life. Amortization is recognized in
the statement of profit and loss. During the period of development, the
asset is tested for impairment annually.
A summary of amortization policies applied to the Company' sin tangible
assets is as below:
f. Leases
Where the Company is lessee
Leases, where the less or effectively retains substantially all the
risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the
lease term. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs,
etc. are recognized immediately in the statement of profit and loss.
Where the Company is less or
Leases in which the Company does not transfer sub statically all their
seek sand benefits of ownership of the asset are classified as
operating leases. Assets subject to operating leases are included in
fixed assets. Lease income on an operating lease is recognized in the
statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease
term. Costs, including depreciation, are recognized as an expense in
the statement of profit and loss.
g. Borrowing costs
Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs
incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange
differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they
are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as
part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs
are expensed in the period they occur.
h. Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an
indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or
when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company
estimates the asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable
amount is the higher of an asset's or cash-generating units ('CGU') net
selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is
determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate
cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or
groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds
its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written
down to its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognized in the
statement of profit and loss. In assessing value in use, the estimated
future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax
discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time
value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net
selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if
available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate
valuation model is used.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting periods is reversed
if there has been a change in estimates of recoverable amount. The
carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying
value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation ifthere
was no impairment.
i. Government grants and subsidies
Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is
reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the
conditions attached to them, and (ii) the grant/subsidy will be
received.
When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognized as
income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over
the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they
are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is
recognized as deferred income and released to income in equal amounts
over the expected useful life of the related asset.
j. Investments
Investments which are readily realizable and intended to be held for
not more than one year from the date on which such investments are
made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are
classified as long-term investments.
On initial recognition, all investments are measured at cost. The cost
comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges
such as brokerage, fees and duties. If an investment is acquired, or
partly acquired, by the issue of shares or other securities, the
acquisition cost is the fair value of the securities issued.
Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of
cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.
Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for
diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary
in the value of the investments.
On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying
amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the
statement of profit and loss.
k. Inventories
Inventories of raw materials including stores; spares and consumables;
packing materials; semi-finished goods; work-in- progress, project
work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost and
estimated net realizable value. Cost is determined on weighted average
basis.
The cost of work-in-progress, project work-in-progress, semi-finished
goods and finished goods includes the cost of material, lab our and a
proportion of manufacturing overheads.
Stock of land and land lease rights is valued at lower of cost and
estimated net realizable value. Cost is determined on weighted average
basis. Net realizable value is determined by management using technical
estimates.
l. Revenue recognition
Revenue comprises sale of WTGs and wind power systems; service income;
interest; dividend and royalty. Revenue is recognized to the extent it
is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and
that the revenue can be reliably measured. The company collects sales
taxes, service tax, value added taxes (VAT) as applicable on behalf of
the government and therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing
to the company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue. Revenues
disclosed, net of trade discounts and excise duty.
Sales
Revenue from sale of goods is recognized in the statement of profit and
loss when the significant risks and rewards in respect of ownership of
goods has been transferred to the buyer as per the terms of the
respective sales order, and the income can be measured reliably and is
expected to be received.
Fixed price contracts to deliver wind power systems (turnkey and
projects involving installation and/or commissioning apart from supply)
are recognized in revenue based on the stage of completion of the
individual contract using the percentage-of completion method, provided
the order outcome as well as expected total costs can be reliably
estimated. Where the profit from a contract cannot be estimated
reliably, revenue is only recognized equaling the expenses incurred to
the extent that it is probable that the expenses willed recovered.
Due from customers, if any are measured at the selling price of the
work performed based on the stage of completion less interim billing
and expected losses. The stage of completion is measured by the
proportion that the contract expenses incurred to date bear to the
estimated total contract expenses. The value of self-constructed
components is recognized in 'Contracts in progress' upon dispatch of
the complete set of components which are specifically identified for a
customer and are within the scope of supply, as per the terms of the
respective sale order for the wind power systems. Where it is probable
that total contract expenses will exceed total revenues from a
contract, the expected loss is recognized immediately as an expense in
the statement of profit and loss.
Where the selling price of a contract cannot be estimated reliably, the
selling price is measured only on the expenses incurred to the extent
that it is probable that these expenses willed recovered. Prepayments
from customers are recognized as liabilities. A contract in progress
for which the selling price of the work performed exceeds interim
billings and expected losses is recognized as an asset. Contracts in
progress for which interim billings and expected losses exceed the
selling price are recognized as a liability. Expenses relating to sales
work and the winning of contracts are recognised in the income
statement as incurred.
Operation and maintenance income
Revenues from maintenance contracts are recognized pro-rata over the
period of the contract as and when services are rendered.
Project execution income
Revenue from services relating to project execution is recognized on
completion of respective service, as per terms of respective sales
order.
Power generation income
Power generation income is recognized based on electrical units
generated and sold, net of wheeling and transmission loss, as
applicable, as disclosed in the power generation reports issued by the
concerned authorities.
Interest income
Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. In case of
interest charged to customers, interest is accounted for on
availability of documentary evidence that the customer has accepted the
liability.
Dividend income
Dividend income from investments is recognized when the right to
receive payment is established. m. Foreign currency transactions
i. Initial recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
ii. Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange
rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non- monetary items, which are
measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency,
are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.
Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar
valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the
exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.
Foreign currency transactions entered into by branches, which are
integral foreign operations are accounted in the same manner as foreign
currency transactions described above. Branch monetary assets and
liabilities are restated at the yearend rates.
iii. Exchange differences
From accounting periods commencing on or after December 7, 2006, the
Company accounts for exchange difference arising on
translation/settlement of foreign currency monetary it mesas below:
1. Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary
items related to acquisition of a fixed asset are capitalized and
depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset. For this
purpose, the Company treats a foreign monetary item as "long-term
foreign currency monetary item", if it has a term of 12 months or more
at the date of it origination.
2. Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency
monetary items are accumulated in the "Foreign Currency Monetary Item
Translation Difference Account" and amortized over the remaining life
of the concerned monetary item.
3. All other exchange differences are recognized as income or as
expenses in the period in which they arise.
iv. Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency
risk fan existing asset/ liability
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contract is amortized and recognized as an expense/ income over the
life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are
recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which
the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation
or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognized as
income or as expense for the period.
n. Derivative Instruments
As per the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India ('ICAI')
announcement, derivative contracts, other than those covered under
AS-11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis and the net loss after
considering the offsetting faction the underlying hedge items is
charged to the statement of profit and loss. Net gains on marked to
market basis are not recognized.
o. Retirement and other employee benefits
Defined contributions to provident fund and employee state insurance
are charged to the statement of profit and loss of the year when the
contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no other
obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective
statutory authorities.
Defined contributions to superannuation fund are charged to the
statement of profit and loss on accrual basis.
Retirement benefits in the form of gratuity are defined benefit
obligations, and are provided for on the basis of an actuarial
valuation, using projected unit credit method as at each balance sheet
date.
Short-term compensated absences are provided based on estimates. Long
term compensated absences and other long- term employee benefits are
provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using projected
unit credit method, as at each balance sheet date. The Company presents
the entire leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it
does not have an unconditional righttodeferitssettlementfor12 months
after the reporting date.
Actuarial gains/losses are taken to the statement of profit and loss
Andare not deferred.
p. Taxes on income
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India and tax laws
prevailing in the respective tax jurisdictions where the Company
operates. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are
those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.
Current income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is
recognized in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.
Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between
taxable income and accounting income originating during the current
year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred
tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or
substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred income tax
relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity
and not in the statement of profit and loss.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing
differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible timing
differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that
sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such
deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the Company
has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred
tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported
by convincing evidence that they can be realized against future taxable
profits.
In the situations where the Company is entitled to a tax holiday under
the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India or tax laws prevailing in the
respective tax jurisdictions where it operates, no deferred tax (asset
or liability) is recognized in respect of timing differences which
reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the Company's
gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday
period. Deferred tax in respect of timing differences which reverse
after the tax holiday period is recognized in the year in which the
timing differences originate. However, the Company restricts
recognition of deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such
deferred tax assets can be realized. For recognition of deferred taxes,
the timing differences which originate first are considered to reverse
first.
At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred
tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax asset to the extent
that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case
may be, that sufficient future taxable income will Be available against
which such deferred tax asset scan be realized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each
reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case maybe, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a
legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against
current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred taxes
relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement
of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit
available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing
evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the
specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to
be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT
credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting
for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the
Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the
statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement." The
Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement" asset at each reporting
date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have
convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified
period in future.
q. Employee stock options
Employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share
based payment transactions, whereby employees render services as
consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).
In accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee
Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on
Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, the cost of
equity-settled transactions is measured using the intrinsic value
method and recognized, together with a corresponding increase in the
"Employee stock options outstanding" account in reserves and surplus.
The cumulative expense recognized for equity-settled transactions at
each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which
the vesting period has expired and the Company's best estimate of the
number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The expense or
credit recognized in the statement of profit and loss for a period
represents the movement in cumulative expense recognized as at the
beginning and end of that period and is recognized in employee benefits
expense.
r. Earnings/(loss)per share
Basic earnings/(loss) per share are calculated by dividing the net
profit / (loss) for the period attributable to equity shareholders
(after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the
weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the
period are adjusted for any bonus shares issued during the year and
also after the balance sheet date but before the date the financial
statements are approved by the board of directors.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings/(loss) per share, the
net profit/(loss) for the period attributable to equity shareholders
and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period
are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are
adjusted for bonus shares as appropriate. The dilutive potential equity
shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable, had the shares been
issued at fair value. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed
converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later
date.
s. Provisions
A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past events; it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made of the amount of obligation. Provisions
are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on
best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet
date. These estimates are reviewed at each balance sheet date and
adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
t. Contingent liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past
events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the
control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized
because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises
in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be
recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not
recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the
financial statements unless the possibility of an outflow is remote.
u. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement
comprise cash at bank and in hand, cheques on hand and short-term
investments with an original maturity of three months or less.
v. Measurement of EBITDA and EBIT
As permitted by the Guidance Note on the Revised Schedule VI to the
Companies Act, 1956, the Company has elected to present earnings before
interest, tax, depreciation and amortization ('EBITDA') and earnings
before interest and tax ('EBIT') as a separate line item on the face of
the statement of profit and loss. In the measurement of EBITDA, the
Company does not include depreciation and amortization expense, finance
cost, finance income, exceptional and extraordinary items and tax
expense. The Company reduces depreciation and amortization expense from
EBITDA to measure EBIT.
Mar 31, 2011
(a) Basis of accounting
The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost
convention, on accrual basis of accounting except in case of assets for
which provision for impairment is made and revaluation is carried out
to comply in all material respects, with the mandatory accounting
standards as notified by the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules,
2006 as amended ('the Rules') and the relevant provisions of the
Companies Act, 1956 ('the Act'). The accounting policies have been
consistently applied by the Company; and the accounting policies not
referred to otherwise, are in conformity with Indian Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles ('Indian GAAP').
(b) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that may affect
the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures relating
to contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements
and the reported amounts of incomes and expenses during the reporting
period. Although these estimates are based upon management's best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
(c) Revenue recognition
Revenue comprises sale of WTGs and wind power systems; service income;
interest; dividend and royalty. Revenue is recognised to the extent it
is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and
that the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is disclosed, net of
discounts, excise duty, sales tax, service tax, VAT or other taxes, as
applicable.
Sales
Sale of individual WTGs and wind power systems ("supply only projects")
are recognised in the profit and loss account provided that the
significant risks and rewards in respect of ownership of goods have
been transferred to the buyer as per the terms of the respective sales
order, and provided that the income can be measured reliably and is
expected to be received.
Fixed price contracts to deliver wind power systems (turnkey contracts
and projects involving installation and/or commissioning apart from
supply) are recognised in revenue based on the stage of completion of
the individual contract using the percentage of completion method,
provided the order outcome as well as expected total costs can be
reliably estimated. Where the profit from a contract cannot be
estimated reliably, revenue is only recognised equalling the expenses
incurred to the extent that it is probable that the expenses will be
recovered.
Due from customers, if any are measured the selling price of the work
performed, based on the stage of completion less the cost of the work
already billed to the customer and expected losses. The stage of
completion is measured by the proportion that the contract expenses
incurred to date bear to the estimated total contract expenses. The
value of self-constructed components is recognised in 'Contracts in
progress' upon dispatch of the complete set of components which are
specifically identified for a customer and are within the scope of
supply, as per the terms of the respective sale order for the wind
power systems. Where it is probable that total contract expenses will
exceed total revenues from a contract, the expected loss is recognised
immediately as an expense in the profit and loss account.
Where the selling price of a contract cannot be estimated reliably, the
selling price is measured based on the expenses incurred to the extent
that it is probable that these expenses will be recovered. Prepayments
from customers are recognised as liabilities. A contract in progress
for which the selling price of the work performed exceeds interim
billings and expected losses is recognised as an asset. Contracts in
progress for which interim billings and expected losses exceed the
selling price is recognised as a liability. Expenses relating to sales
work and the winning of contracts are recognised in the profit and loss
account as incurred.
Operation and Maintenance
Revenues from operation and maintenance contracts are recognised
pro-rata over the period of the contract as and when services are
rendered, net of taxes charged.
Project execution income
Revenue from services relating to project execution is recognised on
completion of respective service, as per terms of respective sales
order.
Interest income
Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. In case of
interest charged to customers, interest is accounted for on
availability of documentary evidence that the customer has accepted the
liability.
Dividend income
Dividend income from investments is recognised when the right to
receive payment is established. Dividend from subsidiary companies
declared after the year end till the adoption of accounts by Board of
Directors, is accounted during the year as required by Schedule VI to
the Act.
Royalty income
Royalty income is recognised on accrual basis in accordance with the
terms of the relevant agreements.
(d) Fixed assets and intangible assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses, if any. Cost includes purchase price and all
expenditure necessary to bring the asset to its working condition for
its intended use. Own manufactured assets are capitalised inclusive of
all direct costs and attributable overheads. Capital work-in-progress
comprises of advances paid to acquire fixed assets and the cost of
fixed assets that are not yet ready for their intended use as at the
balance sheet date. In the case of new undertaking, preoperative
expenses are capitalised upon the commencement of commercial
production. Assets held for disposal are stated at the lower of net
book value and the estimated net realisable value.
In respect of accounting periods commencing on or after December 7,
2006, exchange differences arising on reporting of the long-term
foreign currency monetary items at rates different from those that at
which they were initially recorded during the period, or reported in
the previous financial statements are added to or deducted from the
cost of the asset and are depreciated over the balance life of the
asset, if these monetary items pertain to the acquisition of a
depreciable fixed asset.
Intangible assets are recorded at the consideration paid for their
acquisition. Cost of an internally generated asset comprises all
expenditure that can be directly attributed, or allocated on a
reasonable and consistent basis, to create, produce and make the asset
ready for its intended use.
The carrying amounts of the assets belonging to each cash generating
unit ('CGU') are reviewed at each balance sheet date to assess whether
they are recorded in excess of their recoverable amounts and where
carrying amounts exceed the recoverable amount of the asset's CGU,
assets are written down to their recoverable amount. Recoverable amount
is the greater of the asset's net selling price and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted
to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects
current market assessments of the time value of money and risks
specific to the asset. After impairment, depreciation is provided on
the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful
life. The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting periods is
reversed if there has been a change in estimates of recoverable amount.
The carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying
value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there
was no impairment.
(e) Depreciation and amortisation
Depreciation is provided on the written down value method ('WDV')
unless otherwise stated, pro-rata to the period of use of assets and is
based on management's estimate of useful lives of the fixed assets or
intangible assets or at rates specified in schedule XIV to the Act,
whichever is higher:
(f) Inventories
Inventories of raw materials including stores, spares and consumables;
packing materials; work-in-progress; project work in progress;
semi-finished goods and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost
and estimated net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted
average basis.
The cost of work-in-progress, semi-finished goods and finished goods
includes the cost of material, labour and manufacturing overheads.
Stock of land and land lease rights is valued at lower of cost and
estimated net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average
basis. Net realisable value is determined by management using technical
estimates.
(g) Investments
Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long term investments. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value, determined on
an individual basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost.
However, provision is made to recognise a decline, other than
temporary, in the value of long-term investments.
(h) Foreign currency transactions
Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the average exchange
rate prevailing in the period during which the transactions occur.
Outstanding balances of foreign currency monetary items are reported
using the period end rates. Pursuant to the notification of the
Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules 2009 issued by
Ministry of Corporate Affairs on March 31, 2009 amending Accounting
Standard à 11 (AS - 11) 'The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange
Rates (revised 2003), exchange differences in respect of accounting
periods commencing on or after December 7, 2006, relating to long term
monetary items are dealt with in the following manner:
(a) Exchange differences relating to long term foreign currency
monetary items, arising during the year, in so far as they relate to
the acquisition of a depreciable capital asset are added to/deducted
from the cost of the asset and depreciated/recovered over the balance
life of the asset.
(b) In other cases, such differences are accumulated in the "Foreign
Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Account" and amortised to
the profit and loss account over the balance life of the long term
monetary item but not beyond March 31, 2011.
All other exchange differences are recognised as income or expense in
the profit and loss account.
Non-monetary items carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of
the transaction; and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value
or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are
reported using the exchange rate that existed, when the values were
determined.
Exchange differences arising as a result of the above are recognised as
income or expense in the profit and loss account.
Foreign currency transactions entered into by branches, which are
integral foreign operations are accounted in the same manner as foreign
currency transactions described above. Branch monetary assets and
liabilities are restated at the year end rates.
Derivatives
In case of forward contracts, the difference between the forward rate
and the exchange rate, being the premium or discount, at the inception
of a forward exchange contract is recognised as income/expense over the
life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are
recognised in the profit and loss account in the reporting period in
which the rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or
renewal of forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as
expense for the period.
As per the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India ('ICAI')
announcement, derivative contracts, other than those covered under
AS-11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis and the net loss after
considering the offsetting effect on the underlying hedge items is
charged to the profit and loss account. Net gains on marked to market
basis are not recognised.
(i) Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition,
construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalised as part
of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily
takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. Costs
incurred in raising funds are amortised equally over the period for
which the funds are acquired. All other borrowing costs are charged to
profit and loss account.
(j) Retirement and other employee benefits
Defined contributions to provident fund and employee state insurance
are charged to the profit and loss account of the year when the
contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no other
obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective
statutory authorities.
Defined contributions to superannuation fund are charged to the profit
and loss account on accrual basis.
Retirement benefits in the form of gratuity are considered as defined
benefit obligations, and are provided for on the basis of an actuarial
valuation, using projected unit credit method, as at each balance sheet
date.
Short-term compensated absences are provided based on estimates. Long
term compensated absences and other long term employee benefits are
provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using projected
unit credit method, as at each balance sheet date.
Actuarial gains/losses are taken to profit and loss account and are not
deferred.
(k) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to their
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed by way of notes to accounts unless
the possibility of an outflow is remote. Contingent assets are not
recognised or disclosed.
(l) Taxes on Income
Tax expense for a year comprises of current tax and deferred tax.
Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax
authorities, after taking into consideration, the applicable deductions
and exemptions admissible under the provisions of the Income Tax Act,
1961.
Deferred tax reflects the impact of current year timing differences
between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal
of timing differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based
on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at
the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the
extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future
taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets
can be realised. If there is unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward
of losses under tax laws, all deferred tax assets are recognised only
to the extent that there is virtual certainty supported by convincing
evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
Deferred tax resulting from timing differences which originate during
the tax holiday period but are expected to reverse after such tax
holiday period is recognised in the year in which the timing
differences originate using the tax rates and laws enacted or
substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.
At each balance sheet date, the company reassesses unrecognised
deferred tax assets. It recognises unrealised deferred tax assets to
the extent it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as
the case may be, that sufficient taxable income will be available
against which the deferred tax can be realised. Further the carrying
amounts of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.
The company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to
the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually
certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will
be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such
write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain
or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future
taxable income will be available
Minimum alternative tax ('MAT') credit is recognised as an asset only
when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company
will pay income tax higher than that computed under MAT, during the
period that MAT is permitted to be set off under the Income Tax Act,
1961 (specified period). In the year, in which the MAT credit becomes
eligible to be recognised as an asset in accordance with the
recommendations contained in the Guidance Note issued by the Institute
of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), the said asset is created by
way of a credit to the profit and loss account and shown as MAT credit
entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each balance sheet date
and writes down the carrying amount of MAT credit entitlement to the
extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the
Company will pay income tax higher than MAT during the specified
period.
(m) Operating leases
Assets acquired on lease where a significant portion of the risks and
rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as
operating lease. Lease rentals are charged off to the profit and loss
account as incurred.
(n) Earnings/(loss) per share
Basic earnings/(loss) per share are calculated by dividing the net
profit / (loss) for the period attributable to equity shareholders
(after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the
weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the
period are adjusted for any bonus shares issued during the year and
also after the balance sheet date but before the date the financial
statements are approved by the board of directors.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings/(loss) per share, the
net profit/(loss) for the period attributable to equity shareholders
and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period
are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are
adjusted for bonus shares as appropriate. The dilutive potential equity
shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable, had the shares been
issued at fair value. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed
converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later
date.
(o) Employee stock options
Stock options granted to employees under the employees' stock option
scheme are accounted as per the intrinsic value method permitted by the
SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme)
Guidelines, 1999 and the 'Guidance Note on Share Based Payments' issued
by the ICAI. Accordingly, the excess of market price of the shares as
on the date of grant of options over the exercise price is recognised
as deferred employee compensation and is charged to profit and loss
account on straight-line basis over the vesting period.
The number of options expected to vest is based on the best available
estimate and are revised, if necessary, if subsequent information
indicates that the number of stock options expected to vest differs
from previous estimates.
(p) Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the cash flow statement comprise cash at
bank and in hand, cheques on hand and short-term investments with an
original maturity of three months or less.
Mar 31, 2010
A) Basis of accounting
The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost
convention, on accrual basis of accounting to comply in all material
respects, with the mandatory accounting standards as notified by the
Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, as amended (the Rules)
and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 (the Act). The
accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company; and
the accounting policies not referred to otherwise, are in conformity
with Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Indian GAAP).
b) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that may affect
the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures relating
to contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements
and the reported amounts of incomes and expenses during the reporting
period. Although these estimates are based upon managements best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
c) Revenue recognition
Revenue comprises sale of WTGs and wind power systems; interest;
dividend and royalty. Revenue is recognised to the extent it is
probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and that
the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is disclosed, net of
discounts, excise duty, sales tax, service tax, VAT or other taxes, as
applicable.
Sales
Sale of individual WTGs and wind power systems ("supply only projects")
are recognised in the profit and loss account provided that the
significant risks and rewards in respect of ownership of goods has been
transferred to the buyer as per the terms of the respective sales
order, and provided that the income can be measured reliably and is
expected to be received.
Fixed price contracts to deliver wind power systems (turnkey contracts
and projects involving installation and/or commissioning apart from
supply) are recognised in revenue based on the stage of completion of
the individual contract using the percentage of completion method,
provided the order outcome as well as expected total costs can be
reliably estimated. Where the profit from a contract cannot be
estimated reliably, revenue is only recognised equalling the expenses
incurred to the extent that it is probable that the expenses will be
recovered.
Due from customers, if any are measured the selling price of the work
performed, based on the stage of completion less the cost of the work
already billed to the customer and expected losses. The stage of
completion is measured by the proportion that the contract expenses
incurred to date bear to the estimated total contract expenses. The
value of self-constructed components is recognised in Contracts in
progress upon dispatch of the complete set of components which are
specifically identified for a customer and are within the scope of
supply, as per the terms of the respective sale order for the wind
power systems. Where it is probable that total contract expenses will
exceed total revenues from a contract, the expected loss is recognised
immediately as an expense in the profit and loss account.
Where the selling price of a contract cannot be estimated reliably, the
selling price is measured only on the expenses incurred to the extent
that it is probable that these expenses will be recovered. Prepayments
from customers are recognised as liabilities. A contract in progress
for which the selling price of the work performed exceeds interim
billings and expected losses is recognised as an asset. Contracts in
progress for which interim billings and expected losses exceed the
selling price is recognised as a liability. Expenses relating to sales
work and the winning of contracts are recognised in the profit and loss
account as incurred.
Interest income
Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. In case of
interest charged to customers, interest is accounted for on
availability of documentary evidence that the customer has accepted the
liability.
Dividend income
Dividend income from investments is recognised when the right to
receive payment is established. Dividend from subsidiary companies
declared after the year end till the adoption of accounts by Board of
Directors, is accounted during the year as required by Schedule VI to
the Act.
Royalty income
- Royalty income is recognised on accrual basis in accordance with the
terms of the relevant agreements.
d) Fixed assets and intangible assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses, if any. Cost includes all expenditure necessary to
bring the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Own
manufactured assets are capitalised inclusive of all direct costs and
attributable overheads. Capital work-in-progress comprises of advances
paid to acquire fixed assets and the cost of fixed assets that are not
yet ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date. In the
case of new undertaking, preoperative expenses are capitalised upon the
commencement of commercial production. Assets held for disposal are
stated at the lower of net book value and the estimated net realisable
value.
In respect of accounting periods commencing on or after December 7,
2006, exchange differences arising on reporting of the long-term
foreign currency monetary items at rates different from those that at
which they were initially recorded during the period, or reported in
the previous financial statements are added to or deducted from the
cost of the asset and are depreciated over the balance life of the
asset, if these monetary items pertain to the acquisition of a
depreciable fixed asset.
Intangible assets are recorded at the consideration paid for their
acquisition. Cost of an internally generated asset comprises all
expenditure that can be directly attributed, or allocated on a
reasonable and consistent basis, to create, produce and make the asset
ready for its intended use.
The carrying amounts of the assets belonging to each cash generating
unit (CGU) are reviewed at each balance sheet date to assess whether
they are recorded in excess of their recoverable amounts and where
carrying amounts exceed the recoverable amount of the assets CGU,
assets are written down to their recoverable amount. Recoverable
amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and value in
use. The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting periods is
reversed if there has been a change in estimates of recoverable amount.
e) Depreciation and amortisation
Depreciation is provided on the written down value method (WDV)
unless otherwise stated, pro-rata to the period of use of assets and is
based on managements estimate of useful lives of the fixed assets or
intangible assets or at rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Act,
whichever is higher.
f) Inventories
Inventories of raw materials including stores, spares and consumables;
packing materials; work-in-progress; contracts in progress;
semi-finished goods and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost
and estimated net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted
average basis. /
The cost of work-in-progress, semi-finished goods and finished goods
includes the cost of material, labour and manufacturing overheads.
Stock of land and land lease rights is valued at lower of cost and
estimated net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average
basis. Net realisable value is determined by management using technical
estimates.
g) Investments
Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long term investments. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value, determined on
an individual basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost.
However, provision is made to recognise a decline, other than
temporary, in the value of long-term investments.
h) Foreign currency transactions
Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the average exchange
rate prevailing in the period during which the transactions occur.
Outstanding balances of foreign currency monetary items are reported
using the period end rates. Pursuant to the notification of the
Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules 2009, issued by
Ministry of Corporate Affairs on March 31, 2009, amending Accounting
Standard - 11 (AS - 11), The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange
Rates (revised 2003), exchange differences in respect of accounting
periods commencing on or after December 7, 2006, relating to long term
monetary items are dealt with in the following manner:
a) Exchange differences relating to long term foreign currency monetary
items, arising during the year, in so far as they relate to the
acquisition of a depreciable capital asset are added to/deducted from
the cost of the asset and depreciated/recovered over the balance life
of the asset.
b) In other cases, such differences are accumulated in the "Foreign
Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Account" and amortised to
the profit and loss account over the balance life of the long term
monetary item but not beyond March 31, 2011.
All other exchange differences are recognised as income or expense in
the profit and loss account.
Non-monetary items carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of
the transaction; and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value
or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are
reported using the exchange rate that existed, when the values were
determined.
Exchange differences arising as a result of the above are recognised as
income or expense in the profit and loss account.
Foreign currency transactions entered into by branches, which are
integral foreign operations are accounted in the same manner as foreign
currency transactions described above. Branch monetary assets and
liabilities are restated at the year end rates.
Derivatives
In case of forward contracts, the difference between the forward rate
and the exchange rate, being the premium or discount, at the inception
of a forward exchange contract is recognised as income/expense over the
life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are
recognised in the profit and loss account in the reporting period in
which the rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or
renewal of forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as
expense for the period.
As per the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI)
announcement, derivative contracts, other than those covered under
AS-11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis and the net loss after
considering the offsetting effect on the underlying hedge items is
charged to the profit and loss account. Net gains on marked to market
basis are not recognised.
i) Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition,
construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalised as part
of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily
takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. Costs
incurred in raising funds are amortised equally over the period for
which the funds are acquired. All other borrowing costs are charged to
profit and loss account.
j) Retirement and other employee benefits
Defined contributions to provident fund and employee state insurance
are charged to the profit and loss account of the year when the
contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no other
obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective
statutory authorities.
Defined contributions to superannuation fund are charged to the profit
and loss account on accrual basis.
Retirement benefits in the form of gratuity are considered as defined
benefit obligations, and are provided for on the basis of an actuarial
valuation, using projected unit credit method, as at each balance sheet
date.
Short-term compensated absences are provided based on estimates.
Long-term compensated absences are provided for on the basis of an
actuarial valuation, using projected unit credit method, as at each
balance sheet date.
Actuarial gains/losses are taken to profit and loss account and are not
deferred.
k) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to their
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed by way of notes to accounts unless
the possibility of an outflow is remote. Contingent assets are not
recognised or disclosed.
l) Taxes on Income
Tax expense for a year comprises of current tax and deferred tax.
Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax
authorities, after taking into consideration, the applicable deductions
and exemptions admissible under the provisions of the Income Tax Act,
1961.
Deferred tax reflects the impact of current year timing differences
between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal
of timing differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based
on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at
the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the
extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future
taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets
can be realised. If there is unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward
of losses under tax laws, all deferred tax assets are recognised only
to the extent that there is virtual certainty supported by convincing
evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
Deferred tax resulting from timing differences which originate during
the tax holiday period but are expected to reverse after such tax
holiday period is recognised in the year in which the timing
differences originate using the tax rates and laws enacted or
substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.
At each balance sheet date, the Company reassesses unrecognised
deferred tax assets. It recognises unrealised deferred tax assets to
the extent it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as
the case may be, that sufficient taxable income will be available
against which the deferred tax can be realised. Further the carrying
amounts of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.
The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to
the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually
certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will
be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such
write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain
or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future
taxable income will be available.
Minimum alternative tax (MAT) credit is recognised as an asset only
when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company
will pay income tax higher than that computed under MAT, during the
period that MAT is permitted to be set off under the Income Tax Act,
1961 (specified period). In the year, in which the MAT credit becomes
eligible to be recognised as an asset in accordance with the
recommendations contained in the Guidance Note issued by the Institute
of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), the said asset is created by
way of a credit to the profit and loss account and shown as MAT credit
entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each balance sheet date
and writes down the carrying amount of MAT credit entitlement to the
extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the
Company will pay income tax higher than MAT during the specified
period.
m) Operating leases
Assets acquired on lease where a significant portion of the risks and
rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as
operating lease. Lease rentals are charged off to the profit and loss
account as incurred.
n) Earnings/(loss) per share
Basic earnings/(loss) per share are calculated by dividing the net
profit / (loss) for the period attributable to equity shareholders
(after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the
weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the
period are adjusted for any bonus shares issued during the year and
also after the balance sheet date but before the date the financial
statements are approved by the board of directors.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings/(loss) per share, the
net profit/(loss) for the period attributable to equity shareholders
and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period
are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are
adjusted for bonus shares as appropriate. The dilutive potential equity
shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable, had the shares been
issued at fair value. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed
converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later
date.
o) Employee stock options
Stock options granted to employees under the employees stock option
scheme are accounted as per the intrinsic value method permitted by the
SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme)
Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on Share Based Payments issued
by the ICAI. Accordingly, the excess of market price of the shares as
on the date of grant of options over the exercise price is recognised
as deferred employee compensation and is charged to profit and loss
account on straight-line basis over the vesting period.
The number of options expected to vest is based on the best available
estimate and are revised, if necessary, if subsequent information
indicates that the number of stock options expected to vest differs
from previous estimates.
p) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the cash flow statement comprise cash at
bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity
of three months or less.
2. Exceptional items
The details of exceptional items aggregating to Rs. 439.02 crore (Rs.
972.92 crore) are as below:
a) Loss on account of amortization of foreign exchange losses on all
convertible bonds aggregating Rs. 162.34 crore (Rs. 131.35 crore) which
includes Rs. 120.06 crore (Rs. Nil) being losses on Phase I bonds and
Phase II bonds cancelled due to buy back and exchange.
b) Gain on restructuring and refinancing of financial facilities
aggregating Rs. 248.76 crore (Rs. Nil) pertaining primarily to net
gains arising from the buy-back and exchange of Phase I and Phase II
bonds after offsetting various costs incurred in connection with the
buy-back and exchange including consent fees, expenses of merchant
bankers, etc.
c) Blade restoration and retrofit costs Rs. Nil (Rs. 411.10 crore),
including consequential generation/availability guarantee costs.
d) Mark-to-market losses aggregating Rs. Nil (Rs. 330.71 crore) in
respect of foreign exchange contracts taken for hedging purposes.
e) Diminution, other than temporary, of the value of investments in
certain subsidiaries aggregating Rs. 525.44 crore (Rs. 99.76 crore).
Exceptional items for the prior year comparatives include amounts in
respect of items, which have been classified as exceptional in current
year.
The provision for performance guarantee (PG) represents the expected
outflow of resources against claims for performance shortfall expected
in future over the life of the guarantee assured. The period of
performance guarantee varies for each customer according to the terms
of contract. The key assumptions in arriving at the performance
guarantee provisions are wind velocity, plant load factor, grid
availability, load shedding, historical data, wind variation factor,
etc.
The provision for operation, maintenance and warranty (O&M)represents
the expected liability on account of field failure of parts of WTG and
expected expenditure of servicing the WTGs over the period of free
operation, maintenance and warranty, which varies according to the
terms of each sales order.
Provision for liquidated damages (LD) represents the expected claims
which the Company may need to pay for non fulfilment of certain
commitments as per the terms of the sales order. These are determined
on a case to case basis considering the dynamics of each sales order
and the factors relevant to that sale.
8. Foreign currency convertible bonds
a) Initial terms of issue
On June 11, 2007, the Company made an issue of zero coupon convertible
bonds aggregating USD 300 million (Rs. 1,223.70 crore) [Phase I
bonds]. Further, on October 10, 2007, the Company has made an
additional issue of zero coupon convertible bonds aggregating USD 200
million (Rs 786.20 crore) [Phase II bonds].
b) Restructuring of Phase I and Phase II bonds
During the year, the Company has restructured Phase I and Phase II Zero
Coupon Convertible Bonds with an approval of the Reserve Bank of India
(RBI) and the bondholders were offered the following options as part
of the restructuring;
- Buyback of bonds @ 54.55% of the face value of US $ 1000 per bond.
- Issue of new bonds in place of old bonds at a fixed ratio of 3:5 (60
cents to dollar) bearing a coupon of 7.5 per cent per annum, payable
semi-annually. Unless previously redeemed, converted or purchased and
cancelled, the Company will redeem each Phase I New Bond at 150.24 per
cent of its principal amount and each Phase II New Bond at 157.72 per
cent of its principal amount on the relevant maturity date. The
conversion price is set at Rs. 76.68 per share. These bonds do not have
any financial covenants and are of the same maturity as the old bonds.
- Consent fee of USD15 million to be paid across both the series, for
those bondholders who consent to the relaxation of covenants.
-) Issue of new bonds during the year
On July 24, 2009, the Company made an issue of Zero Coupon Convertible
Bonds due 2014 for a total amount of USD 93.87 million (approximately
Rs. 452.64 crore) at an issue price of 104.30% of the principal amount
of USD 90.00 million comprising of 90,000 Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds
due 2014 of USD 1,000 each (Phase III Bonds), the key term of which
are as follows:
a) convertible by the holders at any time on or after September 2,
2009, but prior to close of business on July 18, 2014. Each bond will
be converted into 533.2762 fully paid up equity shares with face value
of Rs. 2 per share at an initial conversion price of Rs. 90.38 per
equity share of Rs. 2 each at a fixed exchange rate conversion of Rs.
48.1975= USD 1.
b) redeemable in whole but not in part at the option of the Company if
less than 10 percent of the aggregate principal amount of the Bonds
originally issued is outstanding, subject to satisfaction of certain
conditions.
c) redeemable on maturity date at 134.198% of its principal amount, if
not redeemed or converted earlier.
The Company has incurred Rs. 5.30 crore during the year on account of
issue expenses towards the issue of Phase III Bonds which have been
adjusted against Securities Premium.
d) Redemption premium
The Phase I, Phase II, Phase I New, Phase II New, and Phase III bonds
are redeemable subject to satisfaction of certain conditions mentioned
in the offering circular and have hence been designated as monetary
liability.
In the opinion of the management, the likelihood of redemption of these
bonds cannot presently be ascertained. Accordingly no provision for
any liability has been made in the financial statements and hence the
proportionate premium has been shown as a contingent liability. The
Company has adequate securities premium to absorb the proportionate
premium on redemption as at March 31, 2010.
e) Developments post year end
The Company has convened meetings of each of the Bondholders on April
29, 2010, and following are some of the key developments:
- The conversion price of the Phase I bonds has been changed from Rs.
359.68 per equity share to Rs. 97.26 per equity share and for Phase II
bonds from Rs. 371.55 per equity share to Rs. 97.26 per equity share,
subject to / _.
adjustments in accordance with terms and conditions of the bonds.
- The revised floor price in respect of Phase I and Phase II bonds is
Rs. 74.025 per equity share.
- The fixed exchange rate is changed to 1USD=Rs. 44.60 from 1USD=Rs.
40.83 for Phase I bonds and 1USD=Rs. 39.87 for Phase II bonds.
9. Operating leases
a) Premises
The Company has taken certain premises under cancellable operating
leases. The total rental expense under cancellable operating leases
during the period was Rs. 11.74 crore (Rs. 10.37 crore). The Company
has also taken furnished/unfurnished offices and certain other premises
under non-cancellable operating lease agreement ranging for a period of
one to nine years. The lease rental charge during the year is Rs. 8.15
crore (Rs. 14.44 crore) and maximum obligations on longÃterm
non-cancellable operating lease payable as per the rentals stated in
b) WTGs
The Company has taken WTGs on non-cancellable operating lease,
chargeable on per unit basis of net electricity generated and
delivered. The lease amount would be determined in the future on the
number of units generated. Lease rental expense for the period is Rs.
2.45 crore (Rs. 2.38 crore).
Sublease rental income recognised in the statement of profit and loss
account for the period is Rs. 2.45 crore (Rs. 2.38 crore).