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Accounting Policies of Syngene International Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2023

1. Company Overview

1.1 Reporting entity

Syngene International Limited ("Syngene" or "the Company"), is engaged in providing contract research and manufacturing services from lead generation to clinical supplies to pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies worldwide. Syngene''s services include integrated drug discovery and development capabilities in medicinal chemistry, biology, in vivo pharmacology, toxicology, custom synthesis, process R&D, cGMP manufacturing, formulation and analytical development along with Clinical development services. The Company is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in India and has its registered office in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The Company''s shares are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange (NSE) in India.

1.2 Basis of preparation of financial statements

a) Statement of compliance

The standalone financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, (the ''Act'') and other relevant provisions of the Act.

These standalone financial statements have been prepared for the Company as a going concern on the basis of relevant Ind AS that are effective at the Company''s annual reporting date, 31 March 2023. These standalone financial statements were authorised for issuance by the Company''s Board of Directors on 26 April 2023.

Details of the Company''s accounting policies are included in Note 2.

b) Functional and presentation currency

These standalone financial statements are presented in Indian rupees (INR), which is also the functional currency of the Company. All amounts have been rounded-off to the nearest million, unless otherwise indicated.

c) Current/non-current distinction

An entity shall classify an asset as current when:

(a) it expects to realise the asset, or intends to sell or consume it, in its normal operating cycle

(b) it holds the asset primarily for the purpose of trading

(c) it expects to realise the asset within twelve months after the reporting period or

(d) the asset is cash or a cash equivalent (as defined in Ind AS 7, Statement of Cash Flows) unless the asset is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets shall be classified as non-current.

An entity shall classify a liability as current when:

(a) it expects to settle the liability in its normal operating cycle

(b) it holds the liability primarily for the purpose of trading

(c) the liability is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period or

(d) it does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. Terms of a liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification.

All other liabilities shall be classified as non-current.

The operating cycle of an entity is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in the form of cash or cash equivalents. Where the entity''s normal operating cycle is not clearly identifiable, its duration is assumed to be 12 months.

d) Basis of measurement

These standalone financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis (i.e. on accrual basis), except for the following items:

• Certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments) are measured at fair value; and

• Net defined benefit assets/(liability) are measured at fair value of plan assets, less present value of defined benefit obligations.

e) Use of estimates and judgements

The preparation of the standalone financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires Management to make estimates, judgements and assumptions. These estimates, judgements and assumptions affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the standalone financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Accounting estimates could change from period to period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Appropriate changes in estimates are made as management becomes aware of changes in circumstances surrounding the estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in the standalone financial statements in the period in which changes are made and, if material, their effects are disclosed in the notes to the standalone financial statements.

Judgements

Information about judgements made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognised in the standalone financial statements is included in the following notes:

• Note 2(a) and 28 — Financial instruments;

• Note 2(b), 2 (c) and 2(d) — Useful lives of property, plant and equipment, investment property and other

intangible assets;

• Note 2(j) and 18 — Revenue Recognition: whether revenue from sale of compounds is recognised

over time or at a point in time;

• Note 2(l), 30 and 31 — Provision for income taxes and related tax contingencies;

• Note 2(o) and 34 — Leases;

• Note 2(h) and 27 — measurement of defined benefit obligation; key actuarial assumptions; and

• Note 33 — Share based payments;

1.3 Assumptions and estimation uncertainties

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment in the year ended 31 March 2023 is included in the following notes:

— Note 2(g)(ii) - impairment of non-financial assets;

— Note 2(h) and 27 - measurement of defined benefit obligations: key actuarial assumptions;

— Note 7 and 30 - recognition of deferred tax assets: availability of future taxable profit against which tax losses carried forward can be used;

— Note 2(g)(i) and 28 - impairment of financial assets; and

— Note 14 and 31 - recognition and measurement of provisions and contingencies: key assumptions about the likelihood and magnitude of an outflow of resources.

1.4 Measurement of fair values

A number of the Company''s accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.

Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

— Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

— Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

— Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values. This includes a finance team that has overall responsibility for overseeing all significant fair value measurements, including Level 3 fair values.

The Company regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If third party information is used to measure fair values, then the finance team assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that these valuations meet the requirements of Ind AS, including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the valuations should be classified.

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorised in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

The Company recognises transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

Further information about the assumptions made in measuring fair values is included in the following notes:

— Note 2(a) and 28 - financial instruments;

— Note 2(c) and 3(c) - investment property; and

— Note 33 - share based payments.

2 Significant accounting policies

a. Financial instruments

i. Recognition and initial measurement

Trade receivables are initially recognised when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

A financial asset or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue.

ii. Classification and subsequent measurement Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at

— amortised cost;

— Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI) - equity investment; or

— Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVTPL).

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

— the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

— the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

A debt investment is measured at FVOCI if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

— the asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and

— the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, the Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment''s fair value in OCI (designated as FVOCI - equity investment). This election is made on an investment- by- investment basis.

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortised cost as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI or at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

Equity investments

All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS 103 applies are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable. If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to the Statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss to retained earnings. Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Investments in subsidiaries

Equity investments in subsidiaries are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable amount. On disposal of investments in subsidiaries, the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Financial assets: Subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial assets at FVTPL

These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognised in statement of profit and loss. However, see Note 28 for derivatives designated as hedging instruments.

Financial assets at amortised cost

These assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The amortised cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognised in statement of profit and loss.

Equity investments at FVOCI

These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Dividends are recognised as income in statement of profit and loss unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Other net gains and losses are recognised in OCI and are not reclassified to statement of profit and loss.

Financial liabilities: Classification, subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held- for- tradinWWg, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in statement of profit and loss.

iii. Derecognition Financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company''s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled or expire. The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in statement of profit and loss.

iv. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

v. Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting

The Company holds derivative financial instruments to hedge its foreign currency and interest rate risk exposures. Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the host contract is not a financial asset and certain criteria are met.

Derivatives are initially measured at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are generally recognised in statement of profit and loss.

The Company designates certain derivatives as hedging instruments to hedge the variability in cash flows associated with highly probable forecast transactions arising from changes in foreign exchange rates and interest rates.

At inception of designated hedging relationships, the Company documents the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge. The Company also documents the economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument, including whether the changes in cash flows of the hedged item and hedging instrument are expected to offset each other.

Cash flow hedges

When a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedging instrument, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognised in OCI and accumulated in other equity under ''effective portion of cash flow hedges''. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative that is recognised in OCI is limited to the cumulative change in fair value of the hedged item, determined on a present value basis, from inception of the hedge. Any ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognised immediately in statement of profit and loss.

If a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting or the hedging instrument is sold, expires, is terminated or is exercised, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. When hedge accounting for cash flow hedges is discontinued, the amount that has been accumulated in other equity remains there until, for a hedge of a transaction resulting in recognition of a non-financial item, it is included in the non-financial item''s cost on its initial recognition or, for other cash flow hedges, it is reclassified to profit or loss in the same period or periods as the hedged expected future cash flows affect profit or loss.

If the hedged future cash flows are no longer expected to occur, then the amounts that have been accumulated in other equity are immediately reclassified to statement of profit and loss.

vi. Treasury shares

The Company has created an Employee Welfare Trust (EWT) for providing share-based payment to its employees. Own equity instruments that are acquired (treasury shares) are recognised at cost and deducted from equity. When the treasury shares are issued to the employees by EWT, the amount received is recognised as an increase in equity and the resultant gain / (loss) is transferred to / from securities premium.

vii. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management.

Cash dividend to equity holders

The Company recognises a liability to make cash to equity holders when the distribution is authorised and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. As per the corporate laws in India, a distribution is authorised when it is approved by the shareholders. A corresponding amount is recognised directly in equity. Interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company''s Board of Directors.

b. Property, plant and equipment

i. Recognition and measurement

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost of a self-constructed item of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price including import duty and non-refundable taxes or levies, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the item to working condition for its intended use, and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

Expenditure incurred on startup and commissioning of the project and/or substantial expansion, including the expenditure incurred on trial runs (net of trial run receipts, if any) up to the date of commencement of commercial production are capitalised.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in statement of profit and loss.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company.

Advances paid towards acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each Balance Sheet date, are shown under other non-current assets and cost of assets not ready for intended use before the year end, are shown as capital work-in-progress.

ii. Depreciation

Depreciation is calculated on cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Freehold land and land under perpetual lease are not depreciated.

The estimated useful lives of items of property, plant and equipment for the current and comparative periods are as follows:

Asset

Asset classification

Management estimate of useful life

Useful life as per Schedule II

Building

Building

25-30 years

30 years

Plant and equipment (including electrical installation and laboratory equipment)

Plant and equipment

9-14 years

8-20 years

Computers and servers

Plant and equipment

3 years

3-6 years

Office equipment

Office equipment

3 years

5 years

Furniture and fixtures

Furniture and fixtures

6 years

10 years

Vehicles

Vehicles

6 years

6-10 years

Leasehold improvements

Building or Plant and equipment

Useful life or lease period whichever is lower

Depreciation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted if appropriate. Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes that its estimates of useful lives as given above best represent the period over which management expects to use these assets.

Depreciation on additions/(disposals) is provided on a pro-rata basis i.e. from/(upto) the date on which asset is ready for use/(disposed of).

iii. Reclassification to investment property

When the use of a property changes from owner-occupied to investment property, the property is reclassified as investment property at its carrying amount on the date of reclassification.

c. Investment property

Investment property is property held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes. Upon initial recognition, an investment property is measured at cost. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment property is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes a period of 3 to 25 years as representing the best estimate of the period over which investment property (which are quite similar) are expected to be used. Accordingly, the Company depreciates investment property over a period of 3 to 25 years on a straight-line basis. The estimated useful life of assets in investment property are different from the indicative useful lives of relevant type of asset mentioned in Part C of Schedule II to the act as follows:

Asset

Management estimate of useful life

Useful life as per Schedule II

Building

25 years

30 years

Plant and equipment (including electrical installation and laboratory equipment)

9-11 years

8-20 years

Computers

3 years

3-6 years

Office equipment

3 years

5 years

Furniture and fixtures

6 years

10 years

Any gain or loss on disposal of an investment property is recognised in statement of profit and loss.

d. Other intangible assets

internally generated: Research and Development:

Expenditure on research activities is recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred.

Development expenditure is capitalised as part of the cost of the resulting intangible asset only if the expenditure can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset. Otherwise, it is recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

Others

Other intangible assets are initially measured at cost. Subsequently, such intangible assets are measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

i. Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates. All other expenditure, including expenditure on brands, is recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred.

ii. Amortisation

Intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over the estimated useful life as follows:

— Computer software 5 years

— Intellectual property rights 5-10 years

Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted if appropriate.

e. Business combination

In accordance with Ind AS 103, Business combinations, the Company accounts for business combinations after acquisition date using the acquisition method when control is transferred to the Company. The cost of an acquisition is measured at the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange. The cost of acquisition also includes the fair value of any contingent consideration and deferred consideration, if any. Any goodwill that arises is tested annually for impairment. Any gain on a bargain purchase is recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity as capital reserve if there exists clear evidence of the underlying reasons for classifying the business combination as resulting in a bargain purchase; otherwise the gain is recognised directly in equity as capital reserve. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred.

f. Inventories

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of inventories is based on the first-in first-out formula, and includes expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing them to their present location and condition. In the case of manufactured inventories and work-in-progress, cost includes an appropriate share of fixed production overheads based on normal operating capacity. Provisions are made towards slow-moving and obsolete items based on historical experience of utilisation.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses. The net realisable value of work-in-progress is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished products.

Chemicals, reagents and consumables held for use in the production of finished products are not written down below cost except in cases where material prices have declined and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products will exceed their net realisable value.

The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis.

g. Impairment

i. Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109 ''Financial Instruments'', the Company applies expected credit loss ("ECL") model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortised cost.

Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. For all other financial assets, ECL are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL.

Loss allowance for financial assets measured at amortised cost are deducted from gross carrying amount of the assets. The amount of ECL (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date is recognised as an impairment gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

ii. Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assess at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, then the asset''s recoverable amount is estimated and an impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or cash-generating unit (CGU) exceeds its estimated recoverable amount in the statement of profit and loss.

The recoverable amount of a CGU (or an individual asset) is higher of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flow, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessment of the time value of money and the risks specific to CGU (or the asset).

The Company''s non-financial assets, inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset''s recoverable

amount is estimated. For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows are grouped together into cash-generating units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.

Impairment loss recognised in respect of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets of the CGU (or groups of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.

An impairment loss in respect of assets for which impairment loss has been recognised in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the asset''s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

h. Employee benefits

i. Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits falling due within twelve months from the end of the period in which the employees render the related services are classified as short-term employee benefits, which include benefits like salaries, wages, short term compensated absences, performance incentives, etc. and are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service and measured accordingly."

ii. Long-term employment benefit obligations:

Post-employment benefit plans are classified into defined benefits plans and defined contribution plans as under: Gratuity

The Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit plan ("the Gratuity Plan") covering the eligible employees of the Company. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump-sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee''s salary and the tenure of the employment with the Company.

Liability with regard to the Gratuity Plan are determined by actuarial valuation, performed by an independent actuary, at each balance sheet date using the projected unit credit method. The defined benefit plan is administered by a trust formed for this purpose through the Company gratuity scheme.

The Company recognises the net obligation of a defined benefit plan as a liability in its balance sheet. Gains or losses through re-measurement of the net defined benefit liability are recognised in other comprehensive income and are not reclassified to profit and loss in the subsequent periods. The actual return of the portfolio of plan assets, in excess of the yields computed by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation is recognised in other comprehensive income. The effect of any plan amendments are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Provident Fund

Eligible employees of the Company receive benefits from provident fund, which is a defined contribution plan. Both the eligible employees and the Company make monthly contributions to the Government administered provident fund scheme equal to a specified percentage of the eligible employee''s salary. Amounts collected under the provident fund plan are deposited with in a government administered provident fund. The Company has no further obligation to the plan beyond its monthly contributions. The Company''s contribution to the provident fund is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.

iii. Compensated absences

The Company has a policy on compensated absences which are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary at each balance sheet date using the projected unit credit method on the additional amount expected to be paid/availed as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date. Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognised is the period in which the absences occur.

The liability in respect of all defined benefit plans and other long term benefits is accrued in the books of account on the basis of actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method. The obligation is measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows. The discount rates used for determining the present value of obligation under defined benefit plans, is based on the market yields on Government securities as at the Balance Sheet date, having maturity periods approximating to the terms of related obligations.

Remeasurement gains and losses on other long term benefits are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise. Remeasurement gains and losses in respect of all defined benefit plans arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in other equity in the Statement of Changes in Equity and in the Balance Sheet. Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in profit or loss as past service cost. Gains or losses on the curtailment or settlement of any defined benefit plan are recognised when the curtailment or settlement occurs. Any differential between the plan assets (for a funded defined benefit plan) and the defined benefit obligation as per actuarial valuation is recognised as a liability if it is a deficit or as an asset if it is a surplus (to the extent of the lower of present value of any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plan or reduction in future contribution to the plan).

Past service cost is recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested. To the extent that the benefits are already vested immediately following the introduction of, or changes to, a defined benefit plan, the past service cost is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Past service cost may be either positive (where benefits are introduced or improved) or negative (where existing benefits are reduced).

iv. Share-based compensation

The grant date fair value of equity settled share-based payment awards granted to employees is recognised as an employee expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the employees unconditionally become entitled to the awards. The amount recognised as expense is based on the estimate of the number of awards for which the related service and non-market vesting conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognised as an expense is based on the number of awards that do meet the related service and non-market vesting conditions at the vesting date. The grant date fair value of options granted (net of estimated forfeiture) to employees of the Company is recognised as an employee expense.

The Company has adopted the policy to account for Employees Welfare Trust as a legal entity separate from the Company but as a subsidiary of the Company. Any loan from the Company to the trust is accounted for as a loan in accordance with its term.

The expense is recorded for each separately vesting portion of the award as if the award was, in substance, multiple awards. The increase in equity recognised in connection with share based payment transaction is presented as a separate component in equity under "share based payment reserve". The amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to reflect the actual number of stock options that vest. For the option awards, grant date fair value is determined under the option-pricing model (Black-Scholes-Merton). Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures materially differ from those estimates.

i. Provisions (other than for employee benefits)

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the

obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows (representing the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date) at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognised as finance cost. Expected future operating losses are not provided for.

Onerous contracts

A contract is considered to be onerous when the expected economic benefits to be derived by the Company from the contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract. The provision for an onerous contract is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before such a provision is made, the Company recognises any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.

j. Revenue recognition:

i. Contract research and manufacturing services income

The Company derives revenues primarily from Contract research and manufacturing services. Revenue is recognised upon transfer of control of promised services or compounds to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those services or compounds.

Arrangement with customers for Contract research and manufacturing services income are either on a time-and-material basis, fixed price or on a sale of compounds.

In respect of contracts involving research services, in case of ''time and materials'' contracts, contract research fee are recognised as services are rendered, in accordance with the terms of the contracts. Revenue from contracts are recorded net of allowances for estimated rebates and cash discounts, as per contractual terms.

Revenues relating to fixed price contracts are recognised based on the percentage of completion method determined based on cost incurred as a proportion to total estimated cost. The Company monitors estimates of total contract revenue and cost on a routine basis throughout the contract period. The cumulative impact of any change in estimates of the contract revenue or costs is reflected in the period in which the changes become known. In the event that a loss is anticipated on a particular contract, provision is made for the estimated loss.

In respect of contracts involving sale of compounds arising out of contract research, revenue is recognised when a promise in a customer contract (performance obligation) has been satisfied by transferring control over the promised goods to the customer. Control over a promised goods refers to the ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, those goods. Control is usually transferred upon shipment to the customer/ customer''s acceptance. The amount of revenue to be recognised (transaction price) is based on the consideration expected to be received in exchange for goods, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties such as goods and services tax or other taxes directly linked to sales. If a contract contains more than one performance obligation, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on their relative stand-alone selling prices. Revenue from product sales are recorded net of allowances for estimated rebates, cash discounts and estimates of product returns, all of which are established at the time of sale.

The consideration received by the Company in exchange for its goods may be fixed or variable. Variable consideration is only recognised when it is considered highly probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur once the underlying uncertainty related to variable consideration is subsequently resolved.

Contract assets are recognised when there is excess of revenue earned over billings on contracts. Contract assets are classified as unbilled receivables (only act of invoicing is pending) when there is unconditional right to receive cash, and only passage of time is required, as per contractual terms.

The Company collects Goods and Services Tax (GST) as applicable, on behalf of the Government and, therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company. Hence, it is excluded from revenue.

ii. Rental income

Rental income from investment property is recognised in statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease except where the rentals are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation. Lease incentives granted are recognised as an integral part of the total rental income, over the term of the lease.

iii. Contribution received from customers towards property, plant and equipment

Contributions received from customers towards items of property, plant and equipment which require an obligation to supply services to the customer in the future, are recognised as a credit to deferred revenue. The contribution received is recognised as revenue from operations over the useful life of the assets. The Company capitalises the gross cost of these assets as the Company controls these assets.

iv. Dividends

Dividend is recognised when the Company''s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

v. Interest Income

Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head "other income" in the statement of profit and loss.

k. Government grants

The Company recognises Government grants only at their fair value when there is reasonable assurance that the conditions attached to them will be complied with, and the grants will be received. Government grants received in relation to assets are recognised as deferred income and amortised over the useful life of such asset. Grants related to income are recognised in statement of profit and loss as other operating revenues or deducted in reporting the related expense based on the terms of the grant, as applicable.

l. Foreign currency Transactions and translations:

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at balance sheet date exchange rates are generally recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. Translation differences on assets and liabilities carried at fair value are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss. For example, translation differences on non-monetary assets such as equity investments classified as FVOCI are recognised in other comprehensive income (OCI).

m. Income taxes

Income tax comprises of current and deferred income tax. Income tax expense is recognised in statement of profit and loss except to the extent that it relates to an item recognised directly in equity in which case it is recognised in other comprehensive income. Current income tax for current year and prior periods is recognised at the amount expected to be paid or recovered from the tax authorities, using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Provision for income tax includes the impact of provisions established for uncertain income tax positions.

Tax assets and liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts, and it is intended to realize the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.

Minimum Alternative Tax (''MAT'') under the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961 is recognised as current tax in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The credit available under the Act in respect of MAT paid is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the company will pay normal income tax during the period for which the MAT credit can be carried forward for set-off against the normal tax liability. MAT credit recognised as an asset is reviewed at each balance sheet date and written down to the extent the aforesaid convincing evidence no longer exists.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognised for all temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the standalone financial statements except when:

— temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of transaction; and

— temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised.

Deferred tax assets (DTA) include Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws in India, which is likely to give future economic benefits in the form of availability of set off against future income tax liability.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of changes in tax rates on deferred income tax assets and liabilities is recognised as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment or substantive enactment date. A deferred income tax assets is recognised to the extent it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which the deductible temporary timing differences and tax losses can be utilised. The Company offsets income-tax assets and liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used.

n. Borrowing cost

Borrowing costs are interest and other costs (including exchange differences relating to foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs) incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition or construction of an asset which necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised as part of the cost of that asset. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale.

o. Leases

(i) The company as lessee:

The company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at the inception of contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assesses whether a contract conveys the right to control use of an identified asset, the company assesses whether:

• The contract involves use of an identified asset;

• The company has substantially all the economic benefits from the use of the asset through the period of lease; and

• The company has the right to direct the use of an asset.

At the date of commencement of lease, the company recognises a Right-of-use assets ("ROU") and a corresponding liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with the term of twelve months or less (short term leases) and low value leases. For short term and low value leases, the company recognises the lease payment as an operating expense on straight line basis over the term of lease.

Certain lease agreements include an option to extend or terminate the lease before the end of lease term. ROU assets and the lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right-of-use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e., higher of fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independen


Mar 31, 2022

(a) Land includes land held on lease under perpetual basis: Gross carrying amount - Rs. 661 (31 March 2021 - Rs. 661).

(b) Plant and equipment includes computers.

(c) Buildings with a gross carrying amount of Rs. 4,035 as at 31 March 2022 (as at 31 March 2021 - Rs. 3,786 ) have been constructed on leasehold land obtained by the Company on lease basis from Biocon Limited, the holding Company.

(d) Additions to property, plant and equipment includes additions related to borrowing cost amounting to Rs. 67 (31 March 2021 - Rs. 10).

(e) During the year ended 31 March 2021, a portion of facility was reclassified as investment property [refer note 3(c)], as the Company leased out the facility to a related party.

(f) Refer note 31 (ii) (a) for disclosure of contractual commitments for the acquisition of property, plant and equipment and capital work-in-progress.

(a) During the year, the Company has recognised rental income of Rs. 344 (31 March 2021 : Rs. 222) in the statement of profit and loss for investment property. The fair value of investment property as at 31 March 2022 is Rs. 385 (31 March 2021 : Rs. 376).

(b) Investment property with a cost of Rs. 111 (31 March 2021 : Rs. 84) have been constructed on leasehold land obtained by the Company on lease basis from Biocon Limited.

(c) Refer note 31 (ii) (a) for disclosure of contractual commitments for the acquisition of investment property.

(i) In the year ending 31 March 2021, the Company invested Rs. 100 Mn in Immuneel Therapeutics Private Limited. In the year ending 31 March 2022, additional funding from external investors were received resulting in a dilution of the Company''s equity interest. The gain on fair valuation from Rs. 100 Mn to Rs. 214 Mn is recognised in Other comprehensive income.

(ii) Terms of conversion: 1 compulsory convertible preference share of face value Rs. 100/- each will convert to 1 equity share of face value Rs. 100/- at end of the tenure of 20 years from allotment.

* Inter corporate deposits with financial institutions yield fixed interest rate.

(ii) Terms / rights attached to equity shares

The Company has only one class of equity shares having a par value of Rs. 10 per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share. The Company declares and pays dividend in Indian Rupees. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting.

In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential amounts, if any. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.

Other equity

Securities premium

Securities premium is used to record the premium received on issue of shares. It is utilised in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

Retained earnings

The amount represents surplus in statement of profit and loss not transferred to any reserve and can be distributed by the Company as dividends / issue of bonus shares to its equity shareholders. The amount also includes retained earnings of Syngene Employee Welfare Trust.

Treasury shares

The amount represents cost of own equity instruments that are acquired [treasury shares] by the ESOP trust and is disclosed as a deduction from other equity.

Special Economic Zone (SEZ) reinvestment reserve

The SEZ Re-Investment reserve has been created out of profit of eligible SEZ units in terms of the provisions of Section 10AA(1)(ii) of the Income-Tax Act, 1961. The reserve has been utilised for acquiring new plant and machinery for the purpose of its business in terms of section 10AA(2) of the Income-Tax Act, 1961.

Share based payment reserve

The Company has established share based payment plan for certain categories of employees of the Company. Also refer Note 33 for further details on these plans.

Cash flow hedging reserves

The cash flow hedging reserve represents the cumulative effective portion of gains or losses (net of tax) arising on changes in fair value of designated portion of hedging instruments entered into for cash flow hedges.

Other Items of other comprehensive income

Other Items of other comprehensive income represents re-measurements of the defined benefits plan.

(i) The Company had entered into external commercial borrowing agreement dated 21 September 2020 to borrow USD 50 million (Rs. 3,796) term loan facility. The facility is borrowed to incur capital expenditure at Bangalore, Hyderabad and Mangaluru premises of the Company and was used for this specific purpose. The facility carries an interest rate of Libor 1.30% and are to be paid in three instalments of USD 7.5 million in September 2023, USD 12.5 million in September 2024 and USD 30 million in September 2025. The facility is secured by first priority pari passu charge on fixed assets (movable plant and machinery) and second charge on current assets of the Company. The Company is compliant with the financial covenants stipulated under the agreement.

(ii) The Company has entered into foreign currency term loan agreement dated 30 March 2021 to borrow USD 20 million (Rs. 1,519) term loan facility. The facility is borrowed to incur capital expenditure at Bangalore, Hyderabad and Mangaluru premises of the Company and was used for this specific purpose. The facility carries an interest rate of Libor 0.87% and are to be paid in three instalments of 15%, 25% and 60% from end of 3 years, 4 years and 5 years respectively from the date of origination. The facility is secured by first priority pari passu charge on fixed assets (movable plant and machinery) and second charge on current assets of the Company. The Company is compliant with the financial covenants stipulated under the agreement.

(iii) The Company has obtained foreign currency denominated short term unsecured pre-shipment credit loans of Rs. 2,581 (USD 34 million) [31 March 2021 : Rs. 2,599 (USD 35.5 million)] that carries interest rate of SOFR 0.20% to 0.30% [31 March 2021 : Libor 0.20% to 0.30%]. The loans are repayable after the end of 6 months from the date of its origination.

(iv) Information about the Company''s exposure to interest rate, foreign currency and liquidity risks is included in Note 28.

(All amounts are in Indian Rupees Million, except share data and per share data, unless otherwise stated)

(i) The remuneration to the key managerial personnel does not include the provisions made for gratuity and compensated absences, as they are determined on an actuarial basis for the Company as a whole.

(ii) Share based compensation expense allocable to key management personnel is Rs. 97 (31 March 2021 : Rs. 133), which is not included in the remuneration disclosed above.

(iii) Effective from 1 October 2006, the Company has entered into an arrangement for lease of land on lease basis and a service agreement with ''Biocon SEZ Developer'' of Biocon Limited for availing certain facilities and services. The facility charges of Rs. 185 (Year ended 31 March 2021 : Rs. 129) and power charges (including other charges) of Rs. 19 (Year ended 31 March 2021

: Rs. 9) have been charged by Biocon Limited for the year ended 31 March 2022.

(v) The above disclosures include related parties as per IND-As 24 on "Related Party Disclosures" and Companies Act, 2013.

(vi) All transactions with these related parties are priced on an arm''s length basis and none of the balances are secured.

. Employee benefit plans

(i) The Company has a defined benefit gratuity plan as per the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 (''Gratuity Act''). Under the Gratuity Act, employee who has completed five years of service is entitled to specific benefit with no monetary limit. The level of benefit provided depends on the employee''s length of service and salary at retirement/termination age. The gratuity plan is a funded plan and the Company makes contributions to a recognised fund in India.

The plan assets are maintained with HDFC Life Insurance Company Limited (HDFC Life) in respect of gratuity scheme for employees of the Company. The details of investments maintained by the HDFC Life are not available with the Company and not disclosed. The expected rate of return on plan assets is 6.4% p.a. (31 March 2021: 6.3% p.a.). The Company actively monitors how the duration and expected yeild of the investments are matching the expected outflows arising from the employee benefit obligations.

The cost of the defined benefit plans and other long term benefits are determined using actuarial valuations. Actuarial valuations involve making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These includes the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rate. Due to these complexity involved in the valuation it is highly sensitive to the changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at reporting date. The present value of the defined benefit obligation and the related current service cost and planned service cost were measured using the projected unit cost method.

Sensitivity of significant actuarial assumptions is computed by varying one actuarial assumption used for the valuation of defined benefit obligation by one percentage, keeping all other actuarial assumptions constant. Although the analysis does not take account of the full distribution of cash flows expected under the plan, it does provide an approximation of the sensitivity of the assumption shown.

As of 31 March 2022 and 31 March 2021, the plan assets have been invested in insurer managed funds and the expected contribution to the fund during the year ending 31 March 2022, is approximately Rs 61 (31 March 2021 - Rs 45).

(iv) Risk Exposure

These defined benefit plans typically expose the Company to actuarial risks as under :

a) Investment Risk: The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated using a discount rate which is determined by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds.

b) Interest rate risk: A decrease in bond interest rate will increase the plan liability.

c) Longevity risk: The present value of the defined plan liability is calculated by reference to the best estimate of the mortality of plan participants. An increase in the life expectancy will increase the plan''s liability.

d) Salary risk: Higher than expected increase in salary will increase the defined benefit obligation.

(a) The fair value of trade receivables, trade payables and other current financial assets and liabilities is considered to be equal to the carrying amounts of these items due to their short term nature.

(b) There have been no transfers between level 1, 2 and 3 needs to be made.

(c) The Company enters into derivative financial instruments with various counterparties. Derivatives are valued using valuation techniques in consultation with market expert. The most frequently applied valuation technique include forward pricing, swap models and Black Scholes Merton Model (for options valuation), using present value calculations. The models incorporate various inputs including foreign exchange forward rates, interest rate curve and forward rates curve.

Measurement of fair values

Fair value of liquid mutual funds are based on quoted price. Derivative financial instruments are valued based on quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the market place.

Sensitivity analysis

For the fair values of forward/option contracts of foreign currencies, reasonably possible changes at the reporting date to one of the significant observable inputs, holding other inputs constant, would have the following effects.

Financial risk management

The Company''s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks : credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk.

(i) Risk management framework

The Company''s risk management is carried out by the treasury department under policies approved by the Board of Directors. The Board provides written principles for overall risk management, as well as policies covering specific areas, such as foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, use of derivative and non-derivative financial instruments and investment of excess liquidity.

(ii) Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk that the counterparty will not meet its obligation under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to financial loss. The credit risk arises principally from its operating activities (primarily trade receivables and unbilled revenues) and from its investment activities, including deposits with banks and financial institutions, investments in mutual funds and other financial instruments.

The Company has established a credit mechanism under which each new customer is analysed individually for creditworthiness before the Company''s standard payment and delivery terms and conditions are offered. The Company''s review includes external ratings, where available, and other publicly available financial information. Outstanding customer receivables are regularly monitored.

The Company establishes an allowance for impairment that represents its estimate of expected losses in respect of trade and other receivables. The maximum exposure to credit risk as at reporting date is primarily from trade receivables and unbilled revenue amounting to Rs. 5,082 (31 March 2021: Rs 4,744). The movement in allowance

Other than trade receivables the Company has no significant class of financial assets that is past due but not impaired.

There is no receivable from customer (31 March 2021 : Nil) of the Company''s receivables (31 March 2021 : Nil) which is more than 10 percent of the Company''s total receivables.

Credit risk on investments, cash and cash equivalent and derivatives is limited as the Company generally transacts with banks and financial institutions with high credit ratings assigned by international and domestic credit rating agencies. Investments primarily include investment in liquid mutual fund units and non-convertible debentures.

(iii) Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The Company''s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when they are due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Company''s reputation.

(iv) Market risk

Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates and equity prices.

Foreign currency risk

The Company operates internationally and a major portion of the business is transacted in several currencies and consequently, the Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk through operating and borrowing activities in foreign currency. The Company holds derivative instruments such as foreign exchange forward and option contracts to mitigate the risk of changes in exchange rates and foreign currency exposure.

Derivative financial instruments

The Company uses derivative financial instruments exclusively for hedging financial risks that arise from its commercial business or financing activities. The Company''s Treasury team manages its foreign currency risk by hedging forcasted transactions like sales, purchases and capital expenditures. When a derivative is entered for hedging, the Company matches the terms of those derivatives to the underlying exposure. All identified exposures are managed as per the policy duly approved by the Board of Directors.

Cash flow and fair value interest rate risk

The Company''s main interest rate risk arises from long-term borrowings with variable rates, which expose the Company to cash flow interest rate risk. During the year ended 31 March 2022 and 31 March 2021 the Company''s borrowings at variable rate were mainly denominated in USD.

(b) Sensitivity

Fixed rate borrowings:

The Company policy is to maintain its long-term borrowings at fixed rate using interest rate swaps to achieve this when necessary. They are therefore not subject to interest rate risk as defined under Ind AS 107, since neither the carrying amount nor the future cash flows will fluctuate because of change in market interest rates.

Variable rate borrowings:

A reasonably possible change of 100 bps would have increased / (decreased) profit and loss and equity by Rs. 15 (31 March 2021 : Rs. 15).

29. Capital management

The key objective of the Company''s capital management is to ensure that it maintains a stable capital structure with the focus on total equity to uphold investor, creditor and customer confidence and to ensure future development of its business. The Company focused on keeping strong total equity base to ensure independence, security, as well as a high financial flexibility for potential future borrowings, if required without impacting the risk profile of the Company.

The Company''s goal is to continue to be able to return excess liquidity to shareholders by continuing to distribute annual dividends in future periods.

The amount of future dividends of equity shares will be balanced with efforts to continue to maintain an adequate liquidity status.

31. Contingent liabilities and commitments

(to the extent not provided for)

(i) Contingent liabilities

31 March 2022

31 March 2021

(a) Claims against the Company not acknowledged as debt

The above includes:

5,478

4,297

(I) Income tax matters under dispute for notices and orders received relating to financial year 2002 - 03 to 2019 - 20 (31 March 2021 : financial year 2002 - 03 to 2018 - 19)

5,454 #

4,273 #

(II) Indirect tax matters

24

24

(III) In light of judgment of Honourable Supreme Court dated 28th February 2019 on the definition of "Basic Wages" under the Employees Provident Funds & Misc. Provisions Act, 1952 and based on Company''s evaluation, there are significant uncertainties and numerous interpretative issues relating to the judgement and hence it is unclear as to whether the clarified definition of Basic Wage would be applicable prospectively or retrospectively. The amount of the obligation therefore cannot be measured with sufficient reliability for past periods and hence has currently been considered to be a contingent liability.

Including the matters disclosed above, the Company is involved in taxation matters that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of business for years that are under assessment. Judgment is required in assessing the range of possible outcomes for some of these tax matters, which could change substantially over time as each of the matter progresses depending on experience on actual assessment proceedings by tax authorities and other judicial precedents. Based on its internal assessment supported by external legal counsel views, if any, the Company believes that it will be able to sustain its positions if challenged by the authorities and accordingly no additional provision is required for these matters. Management is of the view that above matters will not have any material adverse effect on the Company''s financial position and results of operations.

# includes Rs. 660 of contingent liability for the favourable order received by the Company during the previous year from the Honourable High Court of Karnataka against the matters appealed by the tax authorities with respect to financial year 2002-03 to 2008-09.

32. Segmental Information

Operating segments

The Company is engaged in a single operating segment of providing contract research and manufacturing services. Accordingly, there are no additional disclosures to be provided Ind AS 108 ''Operating Segments'' other than those already provided in these standalone financial statements.

Geographical information

The geographical information analyses the Company''s revenues and non-current assets by the Company''s country of domicile (i.e. India) and other countries. In presenting the geographical information, revenue has been based on the geographic location of the customers and assets which have been based on the geographical location of the assets.

Major customer

Revenue from one customer (31 March 2021 - one customer) of the Company''s Revenue from operations aggregates to Rs. 5,645 (31 March 2021 - Rs. 4,730) which is more than 10 percent of the Company''s total revenue.

33. Share based compensation

Syngene ESOP Plan 2011

On 20 July 2012, Syngene Employee Welfare Trust (''Trust'') was created for the welfare and benefit of the employees and directors of the Company and administrated by the Nomination and Remuneration Committee. The Board of Directors approved the employee stock option plan of the Company. On 31 October 2012, the Trust subscribed into the equity shares of the Company using the proceeds from interest free loan of Rs. 150 obtained from the Company.

Grant

Pursuant to the Scheme, the Company has granted options to eligible employees of the Company under Syngene Employee Stock Option Plan - 2011. Each option entitles for one equity share. The options under this grant will vest to the employees as 25%, 35% and 40% of the total grant at end of second, third and fourth year from the date of grant, respectively, with an exercise period of three years for each grant. The vesting conditions include service terms and performance of the employees.

The weighted average remaining contractual life for the stock options outstanding as at 31 March 2022 is 0.9 years [31 March 2021 : 1.40 years].

Syngene Restricted Stock Unit Long Term Incentive Plan 2020

The Board of Directors of the Company on 24 April 2019 and the Shareholders of the Company in the Annual General Meeting held on 24 July 2019 approved the Syngene Restricted Stock Unit Long Term Incentive Plan FY2020. Each option entitles for one equity share. The options under this grant will vest to the employees as 25%, 25%, 25% and 25% of the total grant at the end of first, second, third and fourth year from the date of first grant, respectively, with an exercise period of 5 years for each grant. The vesting conditions include service terms and performance of the employees. These options are exercisable at an exercise price of Rs. 10 per share (Face Value of Rs. 10 per share).

34. Leases

The Company has entered into lease agreements for use of land, buildings, plant and equipment and vehicles which expires over a period ranging upto the year of 2039. Gross payments for the year aggregate to Rs. 183 (31 March 2021 - Rs. 146).

The weighted average borrowing rate of 7% has been applied to lease liabilities recognised in the balance sheet at the date of initial application.

35. Exceptional items

(a) Pursuant to a fire incident on 12 December 2016, certain fixed assets, inventory and other contents in one of the buildings were damaged. The Company had lodged an estimate of loss with the insurance company and the final assessment is currently pending. The Company in the past years have received an aggregate amount of Rs. 2,120 million as interim amounts which were presented net of losses incurred under Exceptional items in this standalone financial statement. The amount for the year ended 31 March 2021 aggregated Rs. 350 million with a consequential tax of Rs. 122 million was included within tax expense in this standalone financial statement for the year ended 31 March 2021.

(b) ''The Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India issued a Gazette notification number 29/2015-2020 dated 23 September 2021 on Service Exports from India Scheme (SEIS) for services rendered in financial year 2019 -2020 with the total entitlement capped at Rs. 50 million per exporter for the period. The Company has reversed the SEIS claim receivables of Rs. 307 million for the financial year 2019-2020 and the same has been presented under Exceptional items in this standalone financial statement for the year ended 31 March 2022.

36. Impact of COVID-19

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic. The Company has adopted measures to curb the spread of infection in order to protect the health of its employees and ensure business continuity with minimal disruption.

The Company has considered internal and external information while finalizing various estimates in relation to its financial statement captions upto the date of approval of the financial statements by the Board of Directors. The actual impact of the global health pandemic may be different from that which has been estimated, as the COVID -19 situation evolves in India and globally. The Company will continue to closely monitor any material changes to future economic conditions.

37. Corporate social responsibility

As per Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013, a company, meeting the applicability threshold, needs to spend at least 2% of its average net profit for the immediately preceding three financial years on corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities.

Out of required amount of Rs 93 to be spent for financial year 2022-23, the Board of Directors has decided to allocate Rs 52 of the budget for year ending 31 March 2022 towards academic sponsorship and research grants. However, the project was delayed. The Board has approved for transfer of unspent amount of Rs 52 for the year ending 31 March 2022 to a separate Unspent CSR account for utilisation during FY2022-23.

Out of required amount Rs 21 unspent from previous financial year, the Board of Directors had decided to allocate Rs 7 of the budget for year ending 31 March 2022 towards COVID testing as well as vaccination activities. However, due to the limited availability of the vaccines at the beginning of the year, the project was delayed. The Board has approved the retention of unspent amount of Rs 7 for the year ending 31 March 2022 in a separate Unspent CSR account for utilisation during FY2022-23.

The Company has undertaken CSR activities in nature of Community COVID 19 testing, vaccination program, mass rapid transit, women''s safety, school programs, smart clinic and health during the year ended 31 March 2022 and 31 March 2021.

(All amounts are in Indian Rupees Million, except share data and per share data, unless otherwise stated)

(ii) Decline in inventory ratio is on account of expansion in businesses of development and manufacturing services of the Company and also increase in the level of inventories to safeguard business for potential Covid-19 lockdown and logistics challenges witnessed across the globe.

(iii) Increase in trade payable ratio is on account of expansion in businesses of development and manufacturing services of the Company.

40. Other Statutory Information :

(i) The Company does not have any Benami property or any proceeding is pending against the Company for holding any Benami property.

(ii) The Company do not have any transactions with companies struck off.

(iii) The Company do not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with Registrar of Companies beyond the statutory period.

(iv) The Company has not traded or invested in crypto currency or virtual currency during the financial year.

(v) The Company has not advanced or loaned or invested any funds (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any other persons or entities, including foreign entities ("Intermediaries") with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall lend or invest in party identified by or on behalf of the Company (Ultimate Beneficiaries).

(vi) The Company has not received any fund from any parties (Funding Party) with the understanding that the Company shall whether, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified by or on behalf of the Company ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.

(vii) The Company is not classifed as wilful defaulter.

(viii) The Company doesn''t have any transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 such as search or survey.

41. On 27 April 2021, the Board of Directors of the Company have approved an allotment of 796,500 equity shares of Rs. 10/-

(Rupees Ten each) of the Company to Syngene Employee Welfare Trust at face value pursuant to the shareholders'' approval

at the Annual General Meeting on 24 July 2019 to allot fresh equity shares upto 1.67% of the paid-up equity capital of the

Company in tranches for the purpose of implementation of the Syngene International Limited - Restricted Stock Unit Long

Term Incentive Plan FY2020.

42. Events after reporting period:

(a) On 27 April 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company have approved an allotment of 638,000 equity shares of Rs. 10/- (Rupees Ten each) of the Company to Syngene Employee Welfare Trust at face value pursuant to the shareholders'' approval at the Annual General Meeting on 24 July 2019 to allot fresh equity shares upto 1.67% of the paid-up equity capital of the Company in tranches for the purpose of implementation of the Syngene International Limited - Restricted Stock Unit Long Term Incentive Plan FY2020.

(b) On 27 April 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company has proposed a final dividend of 10% or Re. 1 per equity share as on the record date for distribution of final dividend (comprising of regular dividend of 5% or Rs.0.5 per equity share and additional special dividend of 5% or Rs.0.5 per equity share). The proposed dividend is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the Annual General Meeting.

43. Prior year''s comparatives

Previous year''s figures have been regrouped / reclassified, where necessary, to conform to current year''s classification.


Mar 31, 2021

1. Company Overview

1.1 Reporting entity

Syngene international Limited ("Syngene" or "the Company"), is engaged in providing contract research and manufacturing services from lead generation to clinical supplies to pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies worldwide. Syngene''s services include integrated drug discovery and development capabilities in medicinal chemistry, biology, in vivo pharmacology, toxicology, custom synthesis, process R&D, cGMP manufacturing, formulation and analytical development along with Clinical development services. The Company is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in india and has its registered office in Bengaluru, Karnataka, india. The Company''s shares are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange (NSE) in india.

1.2 Basis of preparation of financial statements

a) Statement of compliance

The standalone financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (ind AS) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, (the ''Act'') and other relevant provisions of the Act.

These standalone financial statements have been prepared for the Company as a going concern on the basis of relevant ind AS that are effective at the Company''s annual reporting date, 31 March 2021. These standalone financial statements were authorised for issuance by the Company''s Board of Directors on 27 Apr 2021.

Details of the Company''s accounting policies are included in Note 2.

b) Functional and presentation currency

These standalone financial statements are presented in Indian rupees (INR), which is also the functional currency of the Company. All amounts have been rounded-off to the nearest million, unless otherwise indicated.

c) Basis of measurement

These standalone financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis (i.e. on accrual basis), except for the following items:

? Certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments) are measured at fair value; and

? Net defined benefit assets/(liability) are measured at fair value of plan assets, less present value of defined benefit obligations.

d) Use of estimates and judgements

The preparation of the standalone financial statements in conformity with ind AS requires Management to make estimates, judgements and assumptions. These estimates, judgements and assumptions affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the standalone financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Accounting estimates could change from period to period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Appropriate changes in estimates are made as management becomes aware of changes in circumstances surrounding the estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in the standalone financial statements in the period in which changes are made and, if material, their effects are disclosed in the notes to the standalone financial statements.

Judgements

information about judgements made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognised in the standalone financial statements is included in the following notes:

? Note 2(a) and 28 — Financial instruments;

? Note 2(b), 2 (c) and 2(d) — Useful lives of property, plant and equipment, investment property and intangible

assets;

? Note 2(j) and 18 — Revenue Recognition: whether revenue from sale of compounds is recognised over

time or at a point in time;

? Note 2(l), 30 and 31 — Provision for income taxes and related tax contingencies;

? Note 2(o) and 34 — Leases;

? Note 2(h) and 27 — measurement of defined benefit obligation; key actuarial assumptions; and

? Note 33 — Share based payments;

1.3 Assumptions and estimation uncertainties

information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment in the year ended 31 March 2021 is included in the following notes:

— Note 2(g)(ii) - impairment of non-financial assets;

— Note 2(h) and 27 - measurement of defined benefit obligations: key actuarial assumptions;

— Note 7 and 30 - recognition of deferred tax assets: availability of future taxable profit against which tax losses carried forward can be used;

— Note 2(g)(i) and 28 - impairment of financial assets; and

— Note 14 and 31 - recognition and measurement of provisions and contingencies: key assumptions about the likelihood and magnitude of an outflow of resources.

1.4 Measurement of fair values

A number of the Company''s accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.

Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

— Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

— Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

— Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values. This Includes a finance team that has overall responsibility for overseeing all significant fair value measurements, including Level 3 fair values.

The Company regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If third party information is used to measure fair values, then the finance team assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that these valuations meet the requirements of Ind AS, including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the valuations should be classified.

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorised in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

The Company recognises transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

Further information about the assumptions made in measuring fair values is included in the following notes:

— Note 2(a) and 28 - financial instruments;

— Note 2(c) and 3(c) - investment property; and

— Note 33 - share based payment arrangements.

2 Significant accounting policies

a. Financial instruments

i. Recognition and initial measurement

Trade receivables are initially recognised when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

A financial asset or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue.

ii. Classification and subsequent measurement

Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at

— amortised cost;

— Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI) - equity investment; or

— Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVTPL).

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

— the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

— the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

A debt investment is measured at FVOCI if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

— the asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and

— the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, the Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment''s fair value in OCI (designated as FVOCI - equity investment). This election is made on an investment- by- investment basis.

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortised cost as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI or at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

Equity investments

All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS 103 applies are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable. If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to the Statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss to retained earnings. Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Investments in subsidiaries

Equity investments in subsidiaries are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable amount. On disposal of investments in subsidiaries, the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Financial assets: Subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial assets at FVTPL

These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognised in statement of profit and loss. However, see Note 28 for derivatives designated as hedging instruments.

Financial assets at amortised cost

These assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The amortised cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognised in statement of profit and loss.

Equity investments at FVOCI

These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Dividends are recognised as income in statement of profit and loss unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Other net gains and losses are recognised in OCI and are not reclassified to statement of profit and loss.

Financial liabilities: Classification, subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held- for- trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in statement of profit and loss.

iii. Derecognition

Financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company''s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled or expire. The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in statement of profit and loss.

iv. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

v. Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting

The Company holds derivative financial instruments to hedge its foreign currency and interest rate risk exposures. Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the host contract is not a financial asset and certain criteria are met,

Derivatives are initially measured at fair value, Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are generally recognised in statement of profit and loss,

The Company designates certain derivatives as hedging instruments to hedge the variability in cash flows associated with highly probable forecast transactions arising from changes in foreign exchange rates and interest rates,

At inception of designated hedging relationships, the Company documents the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge, The Company also documents the economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument, including whether the changes in cash flows of the hedged item and hedging instrument are expected to offset each other,

Cash flow hedges

When a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedging instrument, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognised in OCI and accumulated in other equity under ''effective portion of cash flow hedges'', The effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative that is recognised in OCI is limited to the cumulative change in fair value of the hedged item, determined on a present value basis, from inception of the hedge, Any ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognised immediately in statement of profit and loss,

If a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting or the hedging instrument is sold, expires, is terminated or is exercised, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. When hedge accounting for cash flow hedges is discontinued, the amount that has been accumulated in other equity remains there until, for a hedge of a transaction resulting in recognition of a non-financial item, it is included in the non-financial item''s cost on its initial recognition or, for other cash flow hedges, it is reclassified to profit or loss in the same period or periods as the hedged expected future cash flows affect profit or loss,

If the hedged future cash flows are no longer expected to occur, then the amounts that have been accumulated in other equity are immediately reclassified to statement of profit and loss,

vi. Treasury shares

The Company has created an Employee Welfare Trust (EWT) for providing share-based payment to its employees, Own equity instruments that are acquired (treasury shares) are recognised at cost and deducted from equity. When the treasury shares are issued to the employees by EWT, the amount received is recognised as an increase in equity and the resultant gain / (loss) is transferred to / from securities premium,

vii. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management,

Cash dividend to equity holders

The Company recognises a liability to make cash to equity holders when the distribution is authorised and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. As per the corporate laws in India, a distribution is authorised when it is approved by the shareholders, A corresponding amount is recognised directly in equity. Interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company''s Board of Directors,

b. Property, plant and equipment

i. Recognition and measurement

items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost of a self-constructed item of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price including import duty and non-refundable taxes or levies, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the item to working condition for its intended use, and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

Expenditure incurred on startup and commissioning of the project and/or substantial expansion, including the expenditure incurred on trial runs (net of trial run receipts, if any) up to the date of commencement of commercial production are capitalised.

Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items initially recognised in the period ending immediately before the beginning of the first ind AS financial reporting period as per the previous GAAP are capitalised.

if significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in statement of profit and loss.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company.

Advances paid towards acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each Balance Sheet date, are shown under other non-current assets and cost of assets not ready for intended use before the year end, are shown as capital work-in-progress.

ii. Depreciation

Depreciation is calculated on cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Freehold land and land under perpetual lease are not depreciated.

The estimated useful lives of items of property, plant and equipment for the current and comparative periods are as follows:

Asset

Asset classification

Management estimate of useful life

Useful life as per Schedule II

Building

Building

25-30 years

30 years

Plant and equipment (including

Plant and equipment

9-14 years

8-20 years

electrical installation and laboratory

equipment)

Computers and servers

Plant and equipment

3 years

3-6 years

Office equipment

Office equipment

3 years

5 years

Furniture and fixtures

Furniture and fixtures

6 years

10 years

Vehicles

Vehicles

6 years

6-10 years

Leasehold improvements

Building or Plant and

Useful life or lease period

equipment

whichever is lower

Depreciation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted if appropriate. Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes that its estimates of useful lives as given above best represent the period over which management expects to use these assets,

Depreciation on additions/(disposals) is provided on a pro-rata basis i,e, from/(upto) the date on which asset is ready for use/(disposed of),

iii. Reclassification to investment property

When the use of a property changes from owner-occupied to investment property, the property is reclassified as investment property at its carrying amount on the date of reclassification,

c. Investment property

Investment property is property held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes, Upon initial recognition, an investment property is measured at cost, Subsequent to initial recognition, investment property is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes a period of 3 to 25 years as representing the best estimate of the period over which investment property (which are quite similar) are expected to be used, Accordingly, the Company depreciates investment property over a period of 3 to 25 years on a straight-line basis, The estimated useful life of assets in investment property are different from the indicative useful lives of relevant type of asset mentioned in Part C of Schedule II to the act as follows:

Asset

Management estimate of useful life

Useful life as per Schedule II

Building

25 years

30 years

Plant and equipment (including electrical installation and laboratory equipment)

9-11 years

8-20 years

Computers

3 years

3-6 years

Office equipment

3 years

5 years

Furniture and fixtures

6 years

10 years

Any gain or loss on disposal of an investment property is recognised in statement of profit and loss,

d. Intangible assets

internally generated: Research and Development:

Expenditure on research activities is recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred,

Development expenditure is capitalised as part of the cost of the resulting intangible asset only if the expenditure can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset, Otherwise, it is recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred, Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses,

Others

Other intangible assets are initially measured at cost, Subsequently, such intangible assets are measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses,

i. Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates. All other expenditure, including expenditure on brands, is recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred.

ii. Amortisation

Intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over the estimated useful life as follows:

— Computer software 5 years

— Intellectual property rights 5-10 years

Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted if appropriate.

e. Business combination

In accordance with Ind AS 103, Business combinations, the Company accounts for business combinations after acquisition date using the acquisition method when control is transferred to the Company. The cost of an acquisition is measured at the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange. The cost of acquisition also includes the fair value of any contingent consideration and deferred consideration, if any. Any goodwill that arises is tested annually for impairment. Any gain on a bargain purchase is recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity as capital reserve if there exists clear evidence of the underlying reasons for classifying the business combination as resulting in a bargain purchase; otherwise the gain is recognised directly in equity as capital reserve. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred.

f. Inventories

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of inventories is based on the first-in first-out formula, and includes expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing them to their present location and condition. In the case of manufactured inventories and work-inprogress, cost includes an appropriate share of fixed production overheads based on normal operating capacity. Provisions are made towards slow-moving and obsolete items based on historical experience of utilisation.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses. The net realisable value of work-in-progress is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished products.

Chemicals, reagents and consumables held for use in the production of finished products are not written down below cost except in cases where material prices have declined and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products will exceed their net realisable value.

The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis.

g. Impairment

i. Impairment of financial assets

in accordance with ind AS 109 ''Financial instruments'', the Company applies expected credit loss ("ECL") model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortised cost.

Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. For all other financial assets, ECL are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL.

Loss allowance for financial assets measured at amortised cost are deducted from gross carrying amount of the assets. The amount of ECL (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date is recognised as an impairment gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

ii. Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assess at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. if any such indication exists, then the asset''s recoverable amount is estimated and an impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or cash-generating unit (CGU) exceeds its estimated recoverable amount in the statement of profit and loss.

The recoverable amount of a CGU (or an individual asset) is higher of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flow, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessment of the time value of money and the risks specific to CGU (or the asset).

The Company''s non-financial assets, inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. if any such indication exists, then the asset''s recoverable amount is estimated. For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows are grouped together into cash-generating units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.

impairment loss recognised in respect of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets of the CGU (or groups of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.

An impairment loss in respect of assets for which impairment loss has been recognised in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the asset''s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

h. Employee benefits

i. Short-term employee benefits

All employee benefits falling due within twelve months from the end of the period in which the employees render the related services are classified as short-term employee benefits, which include benefits like salaries, wages, short term compensated absences, performance incentives, etc. and are recognised as expenses in the period in which the employee renders the related service and measured accordingly."

ii. Post-employment benefits:

Post-employment benefit plans are classified Into defined benefits plans and defined contribution plans as under; Gratuity

The Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit plan ("the Gratuity Plan") covering the eligible employees of the Company. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump-sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee''s salary and the tenure of the employment with the Company.

Liability with regard to the Gratuity Plan are determined by actuarial valuation, performed by an independent actuary, at each balance sheet date using the projected unit credit method. The defined benefit plan is administered by a trust formed for this purpose through the Company gratuity scheme.

The Company recognises the net obligation of a defined benefit plan as a liability in its balance sheet. Gains or losses through re-measurement of the net defined benefit liability are recognised in other comprehensive income and are not reclassified to profit and loss in the subsequent periods. The actual return of the portfolio of plan assets, in excess of the yields computed by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation is recognised in other comprehensive income. The effect of any plan amendments are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Provident Fund

Eligible employees of the Company receive benefits from provident fund, which is a defined contribution plan. Both the eligible employees and the Company make monthly contributions to the Government administered provident fund scheme equal to a specified percentage of the eligible employee''s salary. Amounts collected under the provident fund plan are deposited with in a Government administered provident fund. The Company has no further obligation to the plan beyond its monthly contributions. The Company''s contribution to the provident fund is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.

iii. Compensated absences

The Company has a policy on compensated absences which are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary at each balance sheet date using the projected unit credit method on the additional amount expected to be paid/availed as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date. Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognised is the period in which the absences occur.

The liability in respect of all defined benefit plans and other long term benefits is accrued in the books of account on the basis of actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method. The obligation is measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows. The discount rates used for determining the present value of obligation under defined benefit plans, is based on the market yields on Government securities as at the Balance Sheet date, having maturity periods approximating to the terms of related obligations.

Remeasurement gains and losses on other long term benefits are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise. Remeasurement gains and losses in respect of all defined benefit plans arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in other equity in the Statement of Changes in Equity and in the Balance Sheet. Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in profit or loss as past service cost. Gains or losses on the curtailment or settlement of any defined benefit plan are recognised when the curtailment or settlement occurs. Any differential between the plan assets (for a funded defined benefit plan) and the defined benefit obligation as per actuarial valuation is recognised as a liability if it is a deficit or as an asset if it is a surplus (to the extent of the lower of present value of any economic benefits

available in the form of refunds from the plan or reduction In future contribution to the plan).

Past service cost is recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested, To the extent that the benefits are already vested immediately following the introduction of, or changes to, a defined benefit plan, the past service cost is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss, Past service cost may be either positive (where benefits are introduced or improved) or negative (where existing benefits are reduced),

iv. Share-based compensation

The grant date fair value of equity settled share-based payment awards granted to employees is recognised as an employee expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the employees unconditionally become entitled to the awards, The amount recognised as expense is based on the estimate of the number of awards for which the related service and non-market vesting conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognised as an expense is based on the number of awards that do meet the related service and non-market vesting conditions at the vesting date, The grant date fair value of options granted (net of estimated forfeiture) to employees of the Company is recognised as an employee expense,

The Company has adopted the policy to account for Employees Welfare Trust as a legal entity separate from the Company but as a subsidiary of the Company. Any loan from the Company to the trust is accounted for as a loan in accordance with its term,

The expense is recorded for each separately vesting portion of the award as if the award was, in substance, multiple awards, The increase in equity recognised in connection with share based payment transaction is presented as a separate component in equity under "share based payment reserve", The amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to reflect the actual number of stock options that vest, For the option awards, grant date fair value is determined under the option-pricing model (Black-Scholes-Merton), Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures materially differ from those estimates,

i. Provisions (other than for employee benefits)

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources, When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made,

A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows (representing the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date) at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognised as finance cost, Expected future operating losses are not provided for,

Onerous contracts

A contract is considered to be onerous when the expected economic benefits to be derived by the Company from the contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract, The provision for an onerous contract is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract, Before such a provision is made, the Company recognises any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract,

j. Revenue recognition:

i. Contract research and manufacturing services income

The Company derives revenues primarily from Contract research and manufacturing services. Revenue is recognised upon transfer of control of promised services or compounds to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those services or compounds.

Arrangement with customers for Contract research and manufacturing services income are either on a time-and-material basis, fixed price or on a sale of compounds.

In respect of contracts involving research services, in case of ''time and materials'' contracts, contract research fee are recognised as services are rendered, in accordance with the terms of the contracts. Revenue from contracts are recorded net of allowances for estimated rebates and cash discounts, as per contractual terms.

Revenues relating to fixed price contracts are recognised based on the percentage of completion method determined based on efforts expended as a proportion to total estimated efforts. The Company monitors estimates of total contract revenue and cost on a routine basis throughout the contract period. The cumulative impact of any change in estimates of the contract revenue or costs is reflected in the period in which the changes become known. In the event that a loss is anticipated on a particular contract, provision is made for the estimated loss.

In respect of contracts involving sale of compounds arising out of contract research, revenue is recognised when a promise in a customer contract (performance obligation) has been satisfied by transferring control over the promised goods to the customer. Control over a promised goods refers to the ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, those goods. Control is usually transferred upon shipment to the customer/ customer''s acceptance. The amount of revenue to be recognised (transaction price) is based on the consideration expected to be received in exchange for goods, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties such as goods and services tax or other taxes directly linked to sales. If a contract contains more than one performance obligation, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on their relative stand-alone selling prices. Revenue from product sales are recorded net of allowances for estimated rebates, cash discounts and estimates of product returns, all of which are established at the time of sale.

The consideration received by the Company in exchange for its goods may be fixed or variable. Variable consideration is only recognised when it is considered highly probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur once the underlying uncertainty related to variable consideration is subsequently resolved.

Contract assets are recognised when there is excess of revenue earned over billings on contracts. Contract assets are classified as unbilled receivables (only act of invoicing is pending) when there is unconditional right to receive cash, and only passage of time is required, as per contractual terms.

The Company collects Goods and Services Tax (GST) as applicable, on behalf of the Government and, therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company. Hence, it is excluded from revenue.

ii. Rental income

Rental income from investment property is recognised in statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease except where the rentals are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation. Lease incentives granted are recognised as an integral part of the total rental income, over the term of the lease.

iii. Contribution received from customers towards property, plant and equipment

Contributions received from customers towards items of property, plant and equipment which require an obligation to supply services to the customer in the future, are recognised as a credit to deferred revenue. The contribution received is recognised as revenue from operations over the useful life of the assets. The Company capitalises the gross cost of these assets as the Company controls these assets.

iv. Dividends

Dividend is recognised when the Company''s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

v. Interest Income

Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head "other income" in the statement of profit and loss.

k. Government grants

The Company recognises Government grants only at their fair value when there is reasonable assurance that the conditions attached to them will be complied with, and the grants will be received. Government grants received in relation to assets are recognised as deferred income and amortised over the useful life of such asset. Grants related to income are recognised in statement of profit and loss as other operating revenues or deducted in reporting the related expense based on the terms of the grant, as applicable.

l. Foreign currency Transactions and translations:

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at balance sheet date exchange rates are generally recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. Translation differences on assets and liabilities carried at fair value are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss. For example, translation differences on non-monetary assets such as equity investments classified as FVOCI are recognised in other comprehensive income (OCI).

m. Income taxes

Income tax comprises of current and deferred income tax. Income tax expense is recognised in statement of profit and loss except to the extent that it relates to an item recognised directly in equity in which case it is recognised in other comprehensive income. Current income tax for current year and prior periods is recognised at the amount expected to be paid or recovered from the tax authorities, using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Provision for income tax includes the impact of provisions established for uncertain income tax positions.

Tax assets and liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts, and it is intended to realize the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.

Minimum Alternative Tax (''MAT'') under the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961 is recognised as current tax in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The credit available under the Act in respect of MAT paid is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the company will pay normal income tax during the period for which the MAT credit can be carried forward for set-off against the normal tax liability. MAT credit recognised as an asset is reviewed at each balance sheet date and written down to the extent the aforesaid convincing evidence no longer exists.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognised for all temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the standalone financial statements except when:

— temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of transaction; and

— temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised.

Deferred tax assets (DTA) include Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws in India, which is likely to give future economic benefits in the form of availability of set off against future income tax liability.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of changes in tax rates on deferred income tax assets and liabilities is recognised as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment or substantive enactment date. A deferred income tax assets is recognised to the extent it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which the deductible temporary timing differences and tax losses can be utilised. The Company offsets income-tax assets and liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used.

n. Borrowing cost

Borrowing costs are interest and other costs (including exchange differences relating to foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs) incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition or construction of an asset which necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised as part of the cost of that asset. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale.

o. Leases

(i) The company as lessee:

The company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at the inception of contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assesses whether a contract conveys the right to control use of an identified asset, the company assesses whether:

? The contract involves use of an identified asset;

? The company has substantially all the economic benefits from the use of the asset through the period of lease; and

? The company has the right to direct the use of an asset.

At the date of commencement of lease, the company recognises a Right-of-use assets ("ROU") and a corresponding liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with the term of twelve months or less (short term leases) and low value leases. For short term and low value leases, the company recognises the lease payment as an operating expense on straight line basis over the term of lease.

Certain lease agreements include an option to extend or terminate the lease before the end of lease term. ROU assets and the lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right-of-use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e., higher of fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

The lease liability is initially measured at amortised cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate explicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates in the country of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right-of- use assets if the company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination of option.

Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and the lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.

(ii) The Company as a Lessor:

Leases for which the company is a lessor is classified as a finance or operating lease. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risk and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating lease.

p. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period adjusted for treasury shares held. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of equity and dilutive equivalent shares outstanding during the period, using the treasury stock method for options and warrants, except where the results would be anti-dilutive.

q. Exceptional items

Exceptional items refer to items of income or expense within the statement of profit and loss from ordinary activities which are non-recurring and are of such size, nature or incidence that their separate disclosure is considered necessary to explain the performance of the Company.

r. Recent accounting developments

MCA issued notifications dated 24 March 2021 to amend Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013 to enhance the disclosures required to be made by the Company in its financial statements. These amendments are ap


Mar 31, 2019

Notes to the standalone financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2019

(All amounts are in Indian Rupees Million, except share data and per share data, unless otherwise stated)

1. COMPANY OVERVIEW

1.1 Reporting entity

Syngene International Limited ("Syngene" or "the Company"), is engaged in providing contract research and manufacturing services from lead generation to clinical supplies to pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies worldwide. Syngene''s services include integrated drug discovery and development capabilities in medicinal chemistry, biology, in vivo pharmacology, toxicology, custom synthesis, process R&D, cGMP manufacturing, formulation and analytical development along with Clinical development services. The Company is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in India and has its registered office in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The Company''s shares are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange (NSE) in India.

1.2 Basis of preparation of financial statements

a) Statement of compliance

The standalone financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, (the ''Act'') and other relevant provisions of the Act.

These standalone financial statements have been prepared for the Company as a going concern on the basis of relevant Ind AS that are effective at the Company''s annual reporting date, 31 March 2019. These standalone financial statements were authorised for issuance by the Company''s Board of Directors on 24 April 2019.

Details of the Company''s accounting policies are included in Note 2.

b) Functional and presentation currency

These standalone financial statements are presented in Indian rupees (INR), which is also the functional currency of the Company. All amounts have been rounded-off to the nearest million, unless otherwise indicated.

c) Basis of measurement

These standalone financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for the following items:

• Certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments) are measured at fair value;

• Net defined benefit assets/(liability) are measured at fair value of plan assets, less present value of defined benefit obligations;

d) Use of estimates and judgements

The preparation of the standalone financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make estimates, judgements and assumptions. These estimates, judgements and assumptions affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the standalone financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Accounting estimates could change from period to period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Appropriate changes in estimates are made as management becomes aware of changes in circumstances surrounding the estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in the standalone financial statements in the period in which changes are made and, if material, their effects are disclosed in the notes to the standalone financial statements.

Judgements

Information about judgements made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognised in the standalone financial statements is included in the following notes:

• Note 1.2(b)

— Assessment of functional currency;

• Note 2(a) and 28

— Financial instruments;

• Note 2(b), 2 (c) and 2(d)

— Useful lives of property, plant and equipment, investment property and intangible assets;

• Note 2(j) and 18

— Revenue Recognition: whether revenue from sale of compounds is recognised over time or at a point in time;

•Note2(l), 30 and 31

— Provision for income taxes and related tax contingencies;

• Note 2(n)

— Lease classification;

• Note 27

— measurement of defined benefit obligation; key actuarial assumptions; and

• Note 33

— Share based payments;

1.3 Assumptions and estimation uncertainties

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment in the year ending 31 March 2019 is included in the following notes:

— Note 2(g)(ii)

- impairment of non financial assets;

— Note 27

- measurement of defined benefit obligations: key actuarial assumptions;

— Note 2(g)(i) and 28

- impairment of financial assets; and

— Note 14 and 31

- recognition and measurement of provisions and contingencies: key assumptions about the likelihood and magnitude of an outflow of resources.

1.4 Measurement of fair values

A number of the Company''s accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.

Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows.

— Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

— Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

— Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorised in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

The Company recognises transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

Further information about the assumptions made in measuring fair values is included in the following notes:

— Note 2(a) and 28

-financial instruments;

— Note 3(b)

- investment property; and

— Note 33

- share based payment arrangements;

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

a. Financial instruments

i. Recognition and initial measurement

Trade receivables are initially recognised when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

A financial asset or financial liability is initially measured affair value plus, for an item not affair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue.

ii. Classification and subsequent measurement Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at

— amortised cost;

— FVOCI - debt investment;

— FVOCI - equity investment; or

— FVTPL

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

— the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

— the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

A debt investment is measured at FVOCI if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

— the asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and

— the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, the Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment''s fair value in OCI (designated as FVOCI - equity investment). This election is made on an investment- by- investment basis.

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortised cost as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI as at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

Financial assets: Subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial assets at FVTPL

These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognised in statement of profit and loss. However, see Note 28 for derivatives designated as hedging instruments.

Financial assets at amortised cost

These assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The amortised cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognised in statement of profit and loss.

Debt investments at FVOCI

These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Interest income under the effective interest method, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Other net gains and losses are recognised in OCI. On derecognition, gains and losses accumulated in OCI are reclassified to statement of profit and loss.

Equity investments at FVOCI

These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Dividends are recognised as income in statement of profit and loss unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Other net gains and losses are recognised in OCI and are not reclassified to statement of profit and loss.

Financial liabilities: Classification, subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held- for- trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in statement of profit and loss.

iii. Derecognition Financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in statement of profit and loss.

iv. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

v. Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting

The Company holds derivative financial instruments to hedge its foreign currency and interest rate risk exposures. Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the host contract is not a financial asset and certain criteria are met.

Derivatives are initially measured at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are generally recognised in statement of profit and loss.

The Company designates certain derivatives as hedging instruments to hedge the variability in cash flows associated with highly probable forecast transactions arising from changes in foreign exchange rates and interest rates.

At inception of designated hedging relationships, the Company documents the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge. The Company also documents the economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument, including whether the changes in cash flows of the hedged item and hedging instrument are expected to offset each other.

Cash flow hedges

When a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedging instrument, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognised in OCI and accumulated in other equity under ''effective portion of cash flow hedges''. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative that is recognised in OCI is limited to the cumulative change in fair value of the hedged item, determined on a present value basis, from inception of the hedge. Any ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognised immediately in statement of profit and loss.

If a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting or the hedging instrument is sold, expires, is terminated or is exercised, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. When hedge accounting for cash flow hedges is discontinued, the amount that has been accumulated in other equity remains there until, for a hedge of a transaction resulting in recognition of a non-financial item, it is included in the non-financial item''s cost on its initial recognition or, for other cash flow hedges, it is reclassified to profit or loss in the same period or periods as the hedged expected future cash flows affect profit or loss.

If the hedged future cash flows are no longer expected to occur, then the amounts that have been accumulated in other equity are immediately reclassified to statement of profit and loss.

vi. Treasury shares

The Company has created an Employee Welfare Trust (EWT) for providing share-based payment to its employees. Own equity instruments that are acquired (treasury shares) are recognised at cost and deducted from equity. When the treasury shares are issued to the employees by EWT, the amount received is recognised as an increase in equity and the resultant gain / (loss) is transferred to / from securities premium.

vii. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. For the

purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management.

Cash dividend to equity holders

The Company recognises a liability to make cash to equity holders when the distribution is authorised and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. As per the corporate laws in India, a distribution is authorised when it is approved by the shareholders. A corresponding amount is recognised directly in equity. Interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company''s Board of Directors.

b. Property, plant and equipment i. Recognition and measurement

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost of a self-constructed item of property, plant and equipment comprises the cost of materials and direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the item to working condition for its intended use, and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items initially recognised in the period ending immediately before the beginning of the first Ind AS financial reporting period as per the previous GAAP are capitalised.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in statement of profit and loss.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company.

ii. Depreciation

Depreciation is calculated on cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Assets acquired under finance leases are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives unless it is reasonably certain that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term. Freehold land and land under perpetual lease are not depreciated.

The estimated useful lives of items of property, plant and equipment for the current and comparative periods are as follows:

Asset

Management estimate of useful life

Useful life as per Schedule II

Building

25 years

30 years

Plant and equipment (including electrical installation and

9-11 years

8-20 years

laboratory equipment)

Computers and servers

3 years

3-6 years

Office equipment

3 years

5 years

Furniture and fixtures

6 years

10 years

Vehicles

6 years

6-10 years

Leasehold improvements

10 years or lease period whichever is lower

Depreciation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted if appropriate. Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes that its estimates of useful lives as given above best represent the period over which management expects to use these assets.

Depreciation on additions (disposals) is provided on a pro-rata basis i.e. from (upto) the date on which asset is ready for use (disposed of).

iii. Reclassification to investment property

When the use of a property changes from owner-occupied to investment property, the property is reclassified as investment property at its carrying amount on the date of reclassification.

Investment property

Investment property is property held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes. Upon initial recognition, an investment property is measured at cost. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment property is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes a period of 3 to 25 years as representing the best estimate of the period over which investment property (which are quite similar) are expected to be used. Accordingly, the Company depreciates investment property over a period of 3 to 25 years on a straight-line basis. The estimated useful life of assets in investment property are different from the indicative useful lives of relevant type of asset mentioned in Part C of Schedule II to the act as follows:

Asset

Management estimate of useful life

Useful life as per Schedule II

Building

25 years

30 years

Plant and equipment (including electrical installation and laboratory equipment)

9-11 years

8-20 years

Computers

3 years

3-6 years

Office equipment

3 years

5 years

Furniture and fixtures

6 years

10 years

Any gain or loss on disposal of an investment property is recognised in statement of profit and loss.

d. Intangible assets

Internally generated: Research and Development:

Expenditure on research activities is recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred.

Development expenditure is capitalised as part of the cost of the resulting intangible asset only if the expenditure can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset. Otherwise, it is recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

Others

Other intangible assets are initially measured at cost. Subsequently, such intangible assets are measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

i. Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates. All other expenditure, including expenditure on internally generated goodwill and brands, is recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred.

ii. Amortisation

Intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over the estimated useful life as follows:

— Computer software

5 years

— Intellectual property right

5-10 years

Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted if appropriate.

e. Business combination

In accordance with Ind AS 103, Business combinations, the Company accounts for business combinations after acquisition date using the acquisition method when control is transferred to the Company. The cost of an acquisition is measured at the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange. The cost of acquisition also includes the fair value of any contingent consideration and deferred consideration, if any. Any goodwill that arises is tested annually for impairment. Any gain on a bargain purchase is recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity as capital reserve if there exists clear evidence of the underlying reasons for classifying the business combination as resulting in a bargain purchase; otherwise the gain is recognised directly in equity as capital reserve. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred.

f. Inventories

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of inventories is based on the first-in first-out formula, and includes expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing them to their present location and condition. In the case of manufactured inventories and work-in-progress, cost includes an appropriate share of fixed production overheads based on normal operating capacity.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses. The net realisable value of work-in-progress is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished products.

Chemicals, reagents and consumables held for use in the production of finished products are not written down below cost except in cases where material prices have declined and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products will exceed their net realisable value.

The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis.

g. Impairment

i. Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss ("ECL") model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortised cost.

Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. For all other financial assets, ECL are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL.

Loss allowance for financial assets measured at amortised cost are deducted from gross carrying amount of the assets.

ii. Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assess at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, then the asset''s recoverable amount is estimated and an impairment loss

is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount in the statement of profit and loss.

The Company''s non-financial assets, inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset''s recoverable amount is estimated. For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows are grouped together into cash-generating units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.

Impairment loss recognised in respect of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets of the CGU (or groups of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.

An impairment loss in respect of assets for which impairment loss has been recognised in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the asset''s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

h. Employee benefits i. Gratuity

The Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit plan ("the Gratuity Plan") covering the eligible employees of the Company. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump-sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee''s salary and the tenure of the employment with the Company.

Liability with regard to the Gratuity Plan are determined by actuarial valuation, performed by an independent actuary, at each balance sheet date using the projected unit credit method. The defined benefit plan is administered by a trust formed for this purpose through the Company gratuity scheme.

The Company recognises the net obligation of a defined benefit plan as a liability in its balance sheet. Gains or losses through re-measurement of the net defined benefit liability are recognised in other comprehensive income and are not reclassified to profit and loss in the subsequent periods. The actual return of the portfolio of plan assets, in excess of the yields computed by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation is recognised in other comprehensive income. The effect of any plan amendments are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

ii. Provident Fund

Eligible employees of the Company receive benefits from provident fund, which is a defined contribution plan. Both the eligible employees and the Company make monthly contributions to the Government administered provident fund scheme equal to a specified percentage of the eligible employee''s salary. Amounts collected under the provident fund plan are deposited with in a government administered provident fund. The Company has no further obligation to the plan beyond its monthly contributions.

iii. Compensated absences

The Company has a policy on compensated absences which are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary at each balance sheet date using the projected unit credit method on the additional

amount expected to be paid/availed as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date. Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognised in the period in which the absences occur.

iv. Share-based compensation

The grant date fair value of equity settled share-based payment awards granted to employees is recognised as an employee expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the employees unconditionally become entitled to the awards. The amount recognised as expense is based on the estimate of the number of awards for which the related service and non-market vesting conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognised as an expense is based on the number of awards that do meet the related service and non-market vesting conditions at the vesting date.

Provisions (other than for employee benefits)

A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows (representing the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date) at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognised as finance cost. Expected future operating losses are not provided for.

Onerous contracts

A contract is considered to be onerous when the expected economic benefits to be derived by the Company from the contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract. The provision for an onerous contract is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before such a provision is made, the Company recognises any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.

Revenue from contracts with customers

The Company has implemented new standard Ind-AS 115 ''Revenue from Contracts with Customers'' effective 1 April 2018 using cumulative effect method. The adoption of this Standard did not have a material impact on the Revenue from operations and statement of profit and loss for the year ended 31 March 2019. Comparative periods were not restated given the Company adopted the standard using the cumulative effect approach.

i. Contract research and manufacturing services income

The Company derives revenues primarily from Contract research and manufacturing services income. Revenue is recognised upon transfer of control of promised services or compounds to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those services or compounds.

Arrangement with customers for Contract research and manufacturing services income are either on a time-and-material basis, fixed price or on a sale of compounds.

In respect of contracts involving research services, in case of ''time and materials'' contracts, contract research fee are recognised as services are rendered, in accordance with the terms of the contracts.

Revenues relating to fixed price contracts are recognised based on the percentage of completion method determined based on efforts expended as a proportion to total estimated efforts. The Company monitors estimates of total contract revenue and cost on a routine basis throughout the contract period. The cumulative impact of any change in estimates of the contract revenue or costs is reflected in the period in which the changes become known. In the event that a loss is anticipated on a particular contract, provision is made for the estimated loss.

In respect of contracts involving sale of compounds arising out of contract research, revenue is recognised when a promise in a customer contract (performance obligation) has been satisfied by transferring control over the promised goods to the customer. Control over a promised good refers to the ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, those goods. Control is usually transferred upon shipment, delivery to, upon receipt of goods by the customer, in accordance with the delivery and acceptance terms agreed with the customers. The amount of revenue to be recognised (transaction price) is based on the consideration expected to be received in exchange for goods, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties such as sales tax or other taxes directly linked to sales. If a contract contains more than one performance obligation, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on their relative stand-alone selling prices. Revenue from product sales are recorded net of allowances for estimated rebates, cash discounts and estimates of product returns, all of which are established at the time of sale.

The consideration received by the Company in exchange for its goods may be fixed or variable. Variable consideration is only recognised when it is considered highly probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur once the underlying uncertainty related to variable consideration is subsequently resolved.

Contract assets are recognised when there is excess of revenue earned over billings on contracts. Contract assets are classified as unbilled receivables (only act of invoicing is pending) when there is unconditional right to receive cash, and only passage of time is required, as per contractual terms.

The Company collects service tax and sales taxes, as applicable, on behalf of the government and, therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company. Hence, it is excluded from revenue.

ii. Rental income

Rental income from investment property is recognised in statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease except where the rentals are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation. Lease incentives granted are recognised as an integral part of the total rental income, over the term of the lease.

iii. Contribution received from customers towards property, plant and equipment

Contributions received from customers towards items of property, plant and equipment which require an obligation to supply services to the customer in the future, are recognised as a credit to deferred revenue. The contribution received is recognised as revenue from operations over the useful life of the assets. The Company capitalises the gross cost of these assets as the Company controls these assets.

iv. Dividends

Dividend income is recognised when the Company''s right to receive dividend is established by the reporting date.

v. Interest Income

Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head "other income" in the statement of profit and loss.

k. Government grants

The Company recognises government grants only when there is reasonable assurance that the conditions attached to them will be complied with, and the grants will be received. Government grants received in relation to assets are recognised as deferred income and amortised over the useful life of such asset. Grants related to income are recognised in statement of profit and loss as other operating revenues.

I. Income taxes

Income tax comprises current and deferred income tax. Income tax expense is recognised in statement of profit and loss except to the extent that it relates to an item recognised directly in equity in which case it is recognised in other comprehensive income. Current income tax for current year and prior periods is recognised at the amount expected to be paid or recovered from the tax authorities, using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognised for all temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the standalone financial statements except when:

— taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill;

— temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of transaction;

— temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of changes in tax rates on deferred income tax assets and liabilities is recognised as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment or substantive enactment date. A deferred income tax assets is recognised to the extent it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which the deductible temporary timing differences and tax losses can be utilised. The Company offsets income-tax assets and liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

m. Borrowing cost

Borrowing costs are interest and other costs (including exchange differences relating to foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs) incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition or construction of an asset which necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised as part of the cost of that asset. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

n. Leases

i. Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease

At inception of an arrangement, it is determined whether the arrangement is or contains a lease.

At inception or on reassessment of the arrangement that contains a lease, the payments and other consideration required by such an arrangement are separated into those for the lease and those for other elements on the basis of their relative fair values.

ii. Assets held under lease

Leases of property, plant and equipment that transfer to the Company substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. The leased assets are measured initially at an amount equal to the lower of their fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments. Subsequent to initial recognition, the assets are accounted for in accordance with the accounting policy applicable to similar owned assets.

Assets held under leases that do not transfer to the Company substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership (i.e. operating leases) are not recognised in the Company''s Balance sheet.

iii. Lease payments

Payments made under operating leases are generally recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease unless such payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor''s expected inflationary cost increases.

o. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period adjusted for treasury shares held. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of equity and dilutive equivalent shares outstanding during the period, using the treasury stock method for options and warrants, except where the results would be anti-dilutive.

p. Recent Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) Ind AS 116-Leases

On 30 March 2019, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2019, notifying Ind AS 116 ''Leases'' (new lease standard), which replaces Ind AS 17 ''Leases'', including appendices thereto. Ind AS 116 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 April 2019. Ind AS 116 sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases and requires lessees to account for all leases under a single on-balance sheet model similar to the accounting for finance leases under Ind AS 17. The standard includes two recognition exemptions for lessees - leases of ''low-value'' assets (e.g., personal computers) and short-term leases (i.e., leases with a lease term of 12 months or less). At the commencement date of a lease, a lessee will recognise a liability to make lease payments (i.e., the lease liability) and an asset representing the right to use the underlying asset during the lease term (i.e., the right-of-use asset). Lessees will be required to separately recognise the interest expense on the lease liability and the depreciation expense on the right-of-use asset.

Lessees will be also required to remeasure the lease liability upon the occurrence of certain events (e.g., a change in the lease term, a change in future lease payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine those payments). The lessee will generally recognise the amount of the remeasurement of the lease liability as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset.

Lessor accounting under Ind AS 116 is substantially unchanged from today''s accounting under Ind AS 17. Lessors will continue to classify all leases using the same classification principle as in Ind AS 17 and distinguish between two types of leases: operating and finance leases.

The Company will adopt these standards, effective from 1 April 2019. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the standalone financial statements.

Ind AS 12 Appendix C, Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments

On 30 March 2019 , the Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified Ind AS 12 Appendix C, Uncertainty over Income Tax treatments which is to be applied while performing the determination of taxable profit (or loss), tax bases, unused tax credits and tax rates, when there is uncertainty over Income Tax treatments under Ind AS 12. According to the appendix, companies need to determine the probability of the relevant tax authority accepting each tax treatments, or group of tax treatments, that the companies have used or plan to use in their income tax filing which has to be considered to compute the most likely amount or the expected value of the tax treatment when determining taxable profit (or loss), tax base, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates.

The standard permits two possible method of transition - i) Full retrospective approach- Under this approach, Appendix C will be applied retrospectively to each reporting period presented in accordance with Ind AS 8 - Accounting policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors, without using hindsight and ii) Retrospectively with cumulative effect of initially applying Appendix C recog nised by adjusting equity on initial application, without adjusting comparatives.

The effective date for adoption of Ind AS 12 Appendix C is annual period beginning on or after 1 April 2019. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of the new standard and decide the approach once the said evaluation has been completed.

The adoption of this amendment is not expected to be material on the standalone financial statements.

Amendments to Ind AS 12- Income taxes

On 30 March 2019 , the Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued amendments to the guidance in Ind AS 12, ''Income Taxes'', in connection with accounting for dividend distribution taxes.

The amendment clarified that an entity shall recognise the income tax consequences of dividend in profit or loss, other comprehensive income or equity according to where the entity originally recognised those past transactions or events.

Effective date for application of this amendment is annual period beginning on or after April 01, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this amendment on the standalone financial statements.

Amendment to Ind AS 19- plan amendment, curtailment or settlement

On 30 March 2019, Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued amendments to Ind AS 19, ''Employee benefits'', in connection with accounting for plan amendments, curtailments and settlements.

The amendment require an entity:

— To use updated assumptions to determine current service cost and net interest for the remainder of the period after a plan amendment, curtailment or settlement; and

— To recognise in profit or loss as part of past of service cost, or a gain or loss on settlement, any reduction in a surplus, even if that surplus was not previously recognised because of the impact of the asset ceiling.

Effective date for application of this amendment is annual period beginning on or after 1 April 2019.The adoption of this amendment is not expected to have a material impact on the standalone financial statements.

Ind AS 109 - Prepayment Features with Negative Compensation

The amendments relate to the existing requirements in Ind AS 109 regarding termination rights in order to allow measurement at amortised cost (or, depending on the business model, at fair value through other comprehensive income) even in the case of negative compensation payments. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the standalone financial statements.

Ind AS 23 - Borrowing Costs

The amendments clarify that if any specific borrowing remains outstanding after the related asset is ready for its intended use or sale, that borrowing becomes part of the funds that an entity borrows generally when calculating the capitalisation rate on general borrowings. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the standalone financial statements.


Mar 31, 2018

1. COMPANY OVERVIEW

1.1 Reporting entity

syngene International Limited ("syngene" or "the Company"), is engaged in providing contract research and manufacturing services from lead generation to clinical supplies to pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies worldwide. syngene''s services include integrated drug discovery and development capabilities in medicinal chemistry, biology, in vivo pharmacology, toxicology, custom synthesis, process R&D, cGMP manufacturing, formulation and analytical development along with Clinical development services. The Company is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in India and has its registered office in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The Company''s shares are listed on the Bombay stock Exchange (BsE) and the National stock Exchange (NsE) in India.

1.2 Basis of preparation of financial statements

a) Statement of compliance

The standalone financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting standards (Ind As) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting standards) Rules, 2015 notified under section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, (the ''Act'') and other relevant provisions of the Act.

These standalone financial statements have been prepared for the Company as a going concern on the basis of relevant Ind As that are effective at the Company''s annual reporting date, March 31, 2018. These standalone financial statements were authorized for issuance by the Company''s Board of Directors on April 25, 2018.

Details of the Company''s accounting policies are included in Note 2.

b) Functional and presentation currency

These standalone financial statements are presented in Indian rupees (INR), which is also the functional currency of the Company. All amounts have been rounded-off to the nearest million, unless otherwise indicated.

c) Basis of measurement

These standalone financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for the following items:

- Certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments) are measured at fair value;

- Net defined benefit assets/(liability) are measured at fair value of plan assets, less present value of defined benefit obligations;

d) Use of estimates and judgments

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Ind As requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions. These estimates, judgments’ and assumptions affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Accounting estimates could change from period to period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Appropriate changes in estimates are made as management becomes aware of changes in circumstances surrounding the estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in the financial statements in the period in which changes are made and, if material, their effects are disclosed in the notes to the standalone financial statements.

Judgments

Information about Judgments made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognized in the financial statements is included in the following notes:

- Note 1.2(b) — Assessment of functional currency;

- Note 2(a) and 28 — Financial instruments;

- Note 2(b) and 2(c) — Useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets;

- Note 2(m) — Lease classification;

- Note 27 — measurement of defined benefit obligation; key actuarial assumptions;

- Note 34 — Share based payments; and

- Note 2(k) and 30 — Provision for income taxes and related tax contingencies.

1.3 Assumptions and estimation uncertainties

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment in the year ending March 31, 2019 is included in the following notes:

— Note 27 - measurement of defined benefit obligations: key actuarial assumptions;

— Note 28 - impairment of financial assets; and

— Note 14 and 31 - recognition and measurement of provisions and contingencies: key assumptions about the likelihood and magnitude of an outflow of resources.

1.4 Measurement of fair values

A number of the Company''s accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.

Fair values are categorized into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows.

— Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

— Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

— Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible.

If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

Further information about the assumptions made in measuring fair values is included in the following notes:

— Note 34 - share based payment arrangements; and

— Note 2(a) and 28 - financial instruments.

2 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES a. Financial instruments

i. Recognition and initial measurement

Trade receivables are initially recognized when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

A financial asset or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue.

ii. Classification and subsequent measurement

Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at

— amortized cost;

— FVOCI - debt investment;

— FVOCI - equity investment; or

— FVTPL

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

— the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

— the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

A debt investment is measured at FVOCI if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

— the asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and

— the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, the Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment''s fair value in OCI (designated as FVOCI - equity investment). This election is made on an investment- by- investment basis.

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortized cost as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortized cost or at FVOCI as at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

Financial liabilities: Classification, subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortized cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held- for-trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognized in statement of profit and loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized in statement of profit and loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognized in statement of profit and loss.

iii. Derecognition

Financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognized on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognized.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognized at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognized in statement of profit and loss.

iv. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

v. Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting

The Company holds derivative financial instruments to hedge its foreign currency and interest rate risk exposures. Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the host contract is not a financial asset and certain criteria are met.

Derivatives are initially measured at fair value. subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are generally recognized in statement of profit and loss.

The Company designates certain derivatives as hedging instruments to hedge the variability in cash flows associated with highly probable forecast transactions arising from changes in foreign exchange rates and interest rates.

At inception of designated hedging relationships, the Company documents the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge. The Company also documents the economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument, including whether the changes in cash flows of the hedged item and hedging instrument are expected to offset each other.

Cash flow hedges

When a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedging instrument, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized in OCI and accumulated in other equity under ''effective portion of cash flow hedges''. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative that is recognized in OCI is limited to the cumulative change in fair value of the hedged item, determined on a present value basis, from inception of the hedge. Any ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized immediately in statement of profit and loss.

If a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting or the hedging instrument is sold, expires, is terminated or is exercised, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. When hedge accounting for cash flow hedges is discontinued, the amount that has been accumulated in other equity remains there until, for a hedge of a transaction resulting in recognition of a non-financial item, it is included in the non-financial item''s cost on its initial recognition or, for other cash flow hedges, it is reclassified to profit or loss in the same period or periods as the hedged expected future cash flows affect profit or loss.

If the hedged future cash flows are no longer expected to occur, then the amounts that have been accumulated in other equity are immediately reclassified to statement of profit and loss.

vi. Treasury shares

The Company has created an Employee Welfare Trust (EWT) for providing share-based payment to its employees. Own equity instruments that are acquired (treasury shares) are recognized at cost and deducted from equity. When the treasury shares are issued to the employees by EWT, the amount received is recognized as an increase in equity and the resultant gain / (loss) is transferred to / from securities premium.

vii. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term

deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management.

Cash dividend to equity holders

The Company recognizes a liability to make cash to equity holders when the distribution is authorized and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. As per the corporate laws in India, a distribution is authorized when it is approved by the shareholders. A corresponding amount is recognized directly in equity. Interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company''s Board of Directors.

b. Property, plant and equipment

i. Recognition and measurement

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost of a self-constructed item of property, plant and equipment comprises the cost of materials and direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the item to working condition for its intended use, and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items initially recognized in the period ending immediately before the beginning of the first Ind As financial reporting period as per the previous GAAP are capitalized.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognized in statement of profit and loss.

subsequent expenditure is capitalized only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company.

ii. Depreciation

Depreciation is calculated on cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Assets acquired under finance leases are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives unless it is reasonably certain that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term. Freehold land and land under perpetual lease are not depreciated.

Depreciation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted if appropriate. Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes that its estimates of useful lives as given above best represent the period over which management expects to use these assets.

Depreciation on additions (disposals) is provided on a pro-rata basis i.e. from (upto) the date on which asset is ready for use (disposed of).

c. Intangible assets

Internally generated: Research and Development:

Expenditure on research activities is recognized in statement of profit and loss as incurred.

Development expenditure is capitalized as part of the cost of the resulting intangible asset only if the expenditure can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset. Otherwise, it is recognized in statement of profit and loss as incurred. subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is measured at cost less accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses.

Others

Other intangible assets are initially measured at cost. subsequently, such intangible assets are measured at cost less accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses.

i. Subsequent expenditure

subsequent expenditure is capitalized only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates. All other expenditure, including expenditure on internally generated goodwill and brands, is recognized in statement of profit and loss as incurred.

ii. Amortizations

Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful life as follows:

— Computer software 5 years

— Intellectual property right 5-10 years

Amortizations method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted if appropriate.

d. Business combination

In accordance with Ind As 103, Business combinations, the Company accounts for business combinations after acquisition date using the acquisition method when control is transferred to the Company (see Note 4). The cost of an acquisition is measured at the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange. The cost of acquisition also includes the fair value of any contingent consideration and deferred consideration, if any. Any goodwill that arises is tested annually for impairment. Any gain on a bargain purchase is recognized in OCI and accumulated in equity as capital reserve if there exists clear evidence of the underlying reasons for classifying the business combination as resulting in a bargain purchase; otherwise the gain is recognized directly in equity as capital reserve. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred.

e. Inventories

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of inventories is based on the first-in first-out formula, and includes expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing them to their present location and condition. In the case of manufactured inventories and work-in-progress, cost includes an appropriate share of fixed production overheads based on normal operating capacity.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses. The net realizable value of work-in-progress is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished products.

Chemicals, reagents and consumables held for use in the production of finished products are not written down below cost except in cases where material prices have declined and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products will exceed their net realizable value.

The comparison of cost and net realizable value is made on an item-by-item basis.

f. Impairment

i. Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind As 109, the Company applies expected credit loss ("ECL") model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortized cost.

Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. For all other financial assets, ECL are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL.

Loss allowance for financial assets measured at amortized cost are deducted from gross carrying amount of the assets.

ii. Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assess at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, then the asset''s recoverable amount is estimated and an impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount in the statement of profit and loss.

The Company''s non-financial assets, inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset''s recoverable amount is estimated. For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows are grouped together into cash-generating units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.

Impairment loss recognized in respect of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets of the CGU (or groups of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.

An impairment loss in respect of assets for which impairment loss has been recognized in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists.

An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. such a reversal is made only to the extent that the asset''s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.

g. Employee benefits

i. Gratuity

The Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit plan ("the Gratuity Plan") covering the eligible employees of the Company. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump-sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee''s salary and the tenure of the employment with the Company.

Liability with regard to the Gratuity Plan are determined by actuarial valuation, performed by an independent actuary, at each balance sheet date using the projected unit credit method. The defined benefit plan is administered by a trust formed for this purpose through the Company gratuity scheme.

The Company recognizes the net obligation of a defined benefit plan as a liability in its balance sheet. Gains or losses through re-measurement of the net defined benefit liability are recognized in other comprehensive income and are not reclassified to profit and loss in the subsequent periods. The actual return of the portfolio of plan assets, in excess of the yields computed by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation is recognized in other comprehensive income. The effect of any plan amendments are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

ii. Provident Fund

Eligible employees of the Company receive benefits from provident fund, which is a defined contribution plan. Both the eligible employees and the Company make monthly contributions to the Government administered provident fund scheme equal to a specified percentage of the eligible employee''s salary. Amounts collected under the provident fund plan are deposited with in a government administered provident fund.

The Company has no further obligation to the plan beyond its monthly contributions.

iii. Compensated absences

The Company has a policy on compensated absences which are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary at each balance sheet date using the projected unit credit method on the additional amount expected to be paid/ availed as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date. Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognized is the period in which the absences occur.

iv. Share-based compensation

The grant date fair value of equity settled share-based payment awards granted to employees is recognized as an employee expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the employees unconditionally become entitled to the awards. The amount recognized as expense is based on the estimate of the number of awards for which the related service and nonmarket vesting conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognized as an expense is based on the number of awards that do meet the related service and non-market vesting conditions at the vesting date.

h. Provisions (other than for employee benefits)

A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows (representing the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date) at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognized as finance cost. Expected future operating losses are not provided for.

Onerous contracts

A contract is considered to be onerous when the expected economic benefits to be derived by the Company from the contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract. The provision for an onerous contract is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before such a provision is made, the Company recognizes any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.

i. Revenue

i. Contract research and manufacturing services income

In respect of contracts involving research services, in case of ''time and materials'' contracts, contract research fee are recognized as services are rendered, in accordance with the terms of the contracts.

Revenues relating to fixed price contracts are recognized based on the percentage of completion method determined based on efforts expended as a proportion to total estimated efforts. The Company monitors estimates of total contract revenue and cost on a routine basis throughout the contract period. The cumulative impact of any change in estimates of the contract revenue or costs is reflected in the period in which the changes become known. In the event that a loss is anticipated on a particular contract, provision is made for the estimated loss.

In respect of contracts involving sale of compounds arising out of contract research, revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the compounds have passed to the buyer.

The Company collects service tax and sales taxes, as applicable, on behalf of the government and, therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company. Hence, it is excluded from revenue.

ii. Dividends

Dividend income is recognized when the Company''s right to receive dividend is established by the reporting date.

iii. Interest Income

Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head "other income" in the statement of profit and loss.

iv. Contribution received from customers towards plant and equipment

Contributions received from customers towards items of property, plant and equipment which require an obligation to supply services to the customer in the future, are recognized as a credit to deferred revenue. The contribution received is recognized as revenue from operations over the useful life of the assets. The Company capitalizes the gross cost of these assets as the Company controls these assets.

j. Government grants

The Company recognizes government grants only when there is reasonable assurance that the conditions attached to them will be complied with, and the grants will be received. Government grants received in relation to assets are recognized as deferred income and amortized over the useful life of such asset. Grants related to Income are recognized in statement of profit and loss as other operating revenues.

k. Income taxes

Income tax comprises current and deferred income tax. Income tax expense is recognized in statement of profit and loss except to the extent that it relates to an item recognized directly in equity in which case it is recognized in other comprehensive income. Current income tax for current year and prior periods is recognized at the amount expected to be paid or recovered from the tax authorities, using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for all temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements except when:

— taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill;

— temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of transaction;

— temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of changes in tax rates on deferred income tax assets and liabilities is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment or substantive enactment date. A deferred income tax assets is recognized to the extent it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which the deductible temporary timing differences and tax losses can be utilized. The Company offsets income-tax assets and liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

l. Borrowing cost

Borrowing costs are interest and other costs (including exchange differences relating to foreign currency

borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs) incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition or construction of an asset which necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalized as part of the cost of that asset. Other borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

m. Leases i. Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease

At inception of an arrangement, it is determined whether the arrangement is or contains a lease.

At inception or on reassessment of the arrangement that contains a lease, the payments and other consideration required by such an arrangement are separated into those for the lease and those for other elements on the basis of their relative fair values.

ii. Assets held under lease

Leases of property, plant and equipment that transfer to the Company substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. The leased assets are measured initially at an amount equal to the lower of their fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments. subsequent to initial recognition, the assets are accounted for in accordance with the accounting policy applicable to similar owned assets.

Assets held under leases that do not transfer to the Company substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership (i.e. operating leases) are not recognized in the Company''s Balance sheet.

iii. Lease payments

Payments made under operating leases are generally recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease unless such payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the less or’s expected inflationary cost increases.

n. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period adjusted for treasury shares held. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of equity and dilutive equivalent shares outstanding during the period, using the treasury stock method for options and warrants, except where the results would be anti-dilutive.

o. Recent Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS)

Following new standard and amendment to Ind As have not been applied by the Company as they are effective for annual periods beginning on or after April 1, 2018:

Ind As 115 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers

In March 2018, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued the Companies (Indian Accounting standards) Amendment Rules, 2018, notifying Ind As 115 ''Revenue from Contracts with Customers'' (New Revenue standard), which replaces Ind As 11 ''Construction Contracts'' and Ind As 18''Revenue''.

The core principle of the New Revenue standard is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. some of the key changes introduced by the New Revenue standard include additional guidance for multiple-element arrangements, measurement approaches for variable consideration, specific guidance for licensing of intellectual property. The new standard also provides guidance on evaluation of performance obligations being distinct to enable separate recognition and could impact timing of recognition of certain elements of multiple element arrangements.

significant additional disclosures in relation to revenue are also prescribed. The New Revenue standard also provides two broad alternative transition options -Retrospective Method and Cumulative Effect Method

- with certain practical expedients available under the Retrospective Method. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of the New Revenue standard on the present and future arrangements and shall determine the appropriate transition option once the said evaluation has been completed.

Note:

(a) The Company during the previous year acquired the intellectual property rights in system biology and pharma services practice along with a team of data scientists from strand Life sciences Private Limited with effect from August 1, 2016 for a consideration of Rs. 120 paid in cash. The transaction was accounted under Ind As 103 "Business Combinations" as a business combination with the purchase price being allocated to identifiable assets i.e. Intellectual property right at fair value.

(ii) Terms / rights attached to equity shares

The Company has only one class of equity shares having a par value of Rs. 10 per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share. The Company declares and pays dividend in Indian Rupees. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting.

In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential amounts, if any. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.


Mar 31, 2017

a. Financial instruments

i. Recognition and initial measurement

Trade receivables are initially recognised when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

A financial asset or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue.

ii. Classification and subsequent measurement

Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at

— amortised cost;

— FVOCI - debt investment;

— FVOCI - equity investment; or

— FVTPL

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

— the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

— the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

A debt investment is measured at FVOCI if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

— the asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and

— the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, the Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment’s fair value in OCI (designated as FVOCI - equity investment). This election is made on an investment-by- investment basis.

— All financial assets not classified as measured at amortised cost as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI as at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held- for- trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in statement of profit or loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in statement of profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in statement of profit or loss.

iii. Derecognition

Financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in statement of profit or loss.

iv. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously,

v. Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting

The Company holds derivative financial instruments to hedge its foreign currency and interest rate risk exposures. Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the host contract is not a financial asset and certain criteria are met.

Derivatives are initially measured at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are generally recognised in statement of profit or loss.

The Company designates certain derivatives as hedging instruments to hedge the variability in cash flows associated with highly probable forecast transactions arising from changes in foreign exchange rates and interest rates.

At inception of designated hedging relationships, the Company documents the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge. The Company also documents the economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument, including whether the changes in cash flows of the hedged item and hedging instrument are expected to offset each other.

Cash flow hedges

W hen a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedging instrument, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognised in OCI and accumulated in other equity under ‘effective portion of cash flow hedges’. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative that is recognised in OCI is limited to the cumulative change in fair value of the hedged item, determined on a present value basis, from inception of the hedge. Any ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognised immediately in statement of profit or loss.

If a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting or the hedging instrument is sold, expires, is terminated or is exercised, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. When hedge accounting for cash flow hedges is discontinued, the amount that has been accumulated in other equity remains there until, for a hedge of a transaction resulting in recognition of a non-financial item, it is included in the non-financial item’s cost on its initial recognition or, for other cash flow hedges, it is reclassified to profit or loss in the same period or periods as the hedged expected future cash flows affect profit or loss.

If the hedged future cash flows are no longer expected to occur, then the amounts that have been accumulated in other equity are immediately reclassified to statement of profit or loss.

vi. Treasury shares

The Company has created an Employee Welfare Trust (EWT) for providing share-based payment to its employees. Own equity instruments that are acquired (treasury shares) are recognised at cost and deducted from equity. When the treasury shares are issued to the employees by EWT, the amount received is recognised as an increase in equity and the resultant gain / (loss) is transferred to / from securities premium.

vii. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company’s cash management.

Cash dividend to equity holders

The Company recognises a liability to make cash to equity holders when the distribution is authorised and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. As per the corporate laws in India, a distribution is authorised when it is approved by the shareholders. A corresponding amount is recognised directly in equity. Interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company’s Board of Directors.

b. Property, plant and equipment

i. Recognition and measurement

I tems of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost of a self-constructed item of property, plant and equipment comprises the cost of materials and direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the item to working condition for its intended use, and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items initially recognized in the period ending immediately before the beginning of the first Ind AS financial reporting period as per the previous GAAP are capitalised.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in statement of profit or loss.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company,

ii. Depreciation

Depreciation is calculated on cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Assets acquired under finance leases are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives unless it is reasonably certain that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term. Freehold land and land under perpetual lease are not depreciated.

The estimated useful lives of items of property, plant and equipment for the current and comparative periods are as follows:

Depreciation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted if appropriate. Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes that its estimates of useful lives as given above best represent the period over which management expects to use these assets.

Depreciation on additions (disposals) is provided on a pro-rata basis i.e. from (upto) the date on which asset is ready for use (disposed off).

c. Intangible assets Internally generated

Expenditure on research activities is recognised in statement of profit or loss as incurred.

Development expenditure is capitalised as part of the cost of the resulting intangible asset only if the expenditure can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset. Otherwise, it is recognised in statement of profit or loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

Others

Other intangible assets are initially measured at cost. Subsequently, such intangible assets are measured at cost less accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses.

i. Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates. All other expenditure, including expenditure on internally generated goodwill and brands, is recognised in statement of profit or loss as incurred.

ii. Amortisation

Intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over the estimated useful life as follows:

— Computer software 5 years

— Intellectual property right 5-10 years

Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted if appropriate.

d. Business combination

In accordance with Ind AS 103, Business combinations, the Company accounts for business combinations after acquisition date using the acquisition method when control is transferred to the Company (see Note 4). The cost of an acquisition is measured at the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange. The cost of acquisition also includes the fair value of any contingent consideration and deferred consideration, if any. Any goodwill that arises is tested annually for impairment. Any gain on a bargain purchase is recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity as capital reserve if there exists clear evidence of the underlying reasons for classifying the business combination as resulting in a bargain purchase; otherwise the gain is recognised directly in equity as capital reserve. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred.

e. Inventories

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of inventories is based on the first-in first-out formula, and includes expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing them to their present location and condition. In the case of manufactured inventories and work-in-progress, cost includes an appropriate share of fixed production overheads based on normal operating capacity,

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses. The net realisable value of work-in-progress is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished products.

Chemicals, reagents and consumables held for use in the production of finished products are not written down below cost except in cases where material prices have declined and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products will exceed their net realisable value.

The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis.

f. Impairment

i. Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (“ECL”) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortised cost.

Loss allowance for trade receivables with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. For all other financial assets, ECL are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL.

Loss allowance for financial assets measured at amortised cost are deducted from gross carrying amount of the assets.

The Company assess at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated and an impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount in the statement of profit or loss.

The Company’s non-financial assets, inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows are grouped together into cash-generating units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.

I mpairment loss recognised in respect of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets of the CGU (or groups of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.

An impairment loss in respect of assets for which impairment loss has been recognised in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

g. Employee benefits

i. Gratuity

The Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit plan (“the Gratuity Plan”) covering the eligible employees of the Company. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump-sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee’s salary and the tenure of the employment with the Company,

Liability with regard to the Gratuity Plan are determined by actuarial valuation, performed by an independent actuary, at each balance sheet date using the projected unit credit method. The defined benefit plan is administered by a trust formed for this purpose through the Company gratuity scheme.

The Company recognises the net obligation of a defined benefit plan as a liability in its balance sheet. Gains or losses through remeasurement of the net defined benefit liability are recognised in other comprehensive income and are not reclassified to profit and loss in the subsequent periods. The actual return of the portfolio of plan assets, in excess of the yields computed by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation is recognised in other comprehensive income. The effect of any plan amendments are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

ii. Provident Fund

Eligible employees of the Company receive benefits from provident fund, which is a defined contribution plan. Both the eligible employees and the Company make monthly contributions to the Government administered provident fund scheme equal to a specified percentage of the eligible employee’s salary. Amounts collected under the provident fund plan are deposited with in a government administered provident fund. The Company has no further obligation to the plan beyond its monthly contributions.

iii. Compensated absences

The Company has a policy on compensated absences which are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary at each balance sheet date using the projected unit credit method on the additional amount expected to be paid/availed as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date. Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognised is the period in which the absences occur,

iv. Share-based compensation

The grant date fair value of equity settled share-based payment awards granted to employees is recognised as an employee expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the employees unconditionally become entitled to the awards. The amount recognised as expense is based on the estimate of the number of awards for which the related service and non-market vesting conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognised as an expense is based on the number of awards that do meet the related service and non-market vesting conditions at the vesting date.

h. Provisions (other than for employee benefits)

A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows (representing the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date) at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognised as finance cost. Expected future operating losses are not provided for.

Onerous contracts

A contract is considered to be onerous when the expected economic benefits to be derived by the Company from the contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract. The provision for an onerous contract is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before such a provision is made, the Company recognises any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.

i. Revenue

i. Contract research and manufacturing services income

I n respect of contracts involving research services, in case of ‘time and materials’ contracts, contract research fee are recognised as services are rendered, in accordance with the terms of the contracts.

Revenues relating to fixed price contracts are recognised based on the percentage of completion method determined based on efforts expended as a proportion to total estimated efforts. The Company monitors estimates of total contract revenue and cost on a routine basis throughout the contract period. The cumulative impact of any change in estimates of the contract revenue or costs is reflected in the period in which the changes become known. In the event that a loss is anticipated on a particular contract, provision is made for the estimated loss.

In respect of contracts involving sale of compounds arising out of contract research, revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the compounds have passed to the buyer,

The Company collects service tax and sales taxes, as applicable, on behalf of the government and, therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company. Hence, it is excluded from revenue.

ii. Dividends

Dividend income is recognised when the Company’s right to receive dividend is established by the reporting date.

iii. Interest Income

Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head “other income” in the statement of profit and loss.

iv. Contribution received from customers towards plant and equipment

Contributions received from customers towards items of property, plant and equipment which require an obligation to supply services to the customer in the future, are recognised as a credit to deferred revenue. The contribution received is recognised as revenue from operations over the useful life of the assets. The Company capitalises the gross cost of these assets as the Company controls these assets.

j. Government grants

The Company recognises government grants only when there is reasonable assurance that the conditions attached to them will be complied with, and the grants will be received. Government grants received in relation to assets are presented as a reduction to the carrying amount of the related asset. Grants related to Income are recognized in statement of profit and loss as other operating revenues..

k. Income taxes

Income tax comprises current and deferred income tax. Income tax expense is recognised in statement of profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to an item recognised directly in equity in which case it is recognised in other comprehensive income. Current income tax for current year and prior periods is recognised at the amount expected to be paid or recovered from the tax authorities, using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognised for all temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements.

Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of changes in tax rates on deferred income tax assets and liabilities is recognised as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment or substantive enactment date. A deferred income tax assets is recognised to the extent it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which the deductible temporary timing differences and tax losses can be utilised. The Company offsets income-tax assets and liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously,

l. Borrowing cost

Borrowing costs are interest and other costs (including exchange differences relating to foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs) incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition or construction of an asset which necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised as part of the cost of that asset. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

m. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period adjusted for treasury shares held. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of equity and dilutive equivalent shares outstanding during the period, using the treasury stock method for options and warrants, except where the results would be anti-dilutive.


Mar 31, 2015

A. Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management's best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result In the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

b. Tangible fixed assets and depreciation

Fixed assets are slated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalisation criteria are met, the cost of replacing part of the fixed assets and directly attnbutable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Each part of an item of property, plant and equipment with a cost that is significant in relation to the total cost of the item is depredated separately. This applies mainly to components for machinery. When significant parts of fixed assets are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company recognizes such parts as individual assets with specific useful lives and depreciates them accordingly. Likewise, when a major inspection Is performed, its cost Is recognized in the carrying amount of the fixed assets as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond Its previously assessed standard of performance. All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred

The Company adjusts exchange differences arising on translation/ settlement of long-term foreign currency monetary items pertaining to the acquisition of a depreciable asset to the cost of the asset and depreciates the same over the remaining life of the asset. In accordance with MCA circular dated 09 August 2012, exchange differences adjusted to the cost of fixed assets are total differences, arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items pertaining to the acquisition of a depreciable asset for the period. In other words, the Company does not differentiate between exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost and other exchange difference.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of fixed assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

Assets funded by third parties are capitalised at gross value and the funds so received are recorded as deferred revenue and amortised over the useful life of the assets/period of contract.

Till March 31, 2014, depreciation on fixed assets was calculated using the rates arrived at based on the useful lives estimated by the management, or those prescribed under the Schedule XIV to the Companies Act 1956, whichever was higher. During the year ended March 31, 2015, pursuant to Companies Act, 2013 applicable from April 1. 2014, management evaluated the estimates of useful lives of its fixed assets as per the requirements of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 and concluded that there is no change in the estimated useful lives. Hence, there is no impact on the financial statements in this regard.

The Company has determined the following useful fives to provide depreciation on its fixed assets on straight line basis:

Classes of Assets Useful lives Useful lives estimated by stated in the management Schedule ll (years) (years)

Buildings 25 30

Plant and machinery 9 10-15

Computers and servers 3 3-6

Office equipment 3 5

Furniture and fixtures 6 10

Vehicles 6 8

Used assets acquired from third parties are depreciated on straight line basis over their remaining useful life of such assets.

c. Intangible assets and amortization of intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

Computer Software which is not an integral part of the related hardware is classified as an intangible asset.

Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life. Such intangible assets and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment annually. All other Intangible assets are assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired.

The amortization period and the amortization method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset Is significantly different from previous estimates, the amortization period is changed accordingly. If there has been a significant change In the expected pattern of economic benefits from the asset, the amortization method Is changed to reflect the changed pattern. Such changes are accounted for in accordance with AS 5, Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting Policies.

Gains or losses arising from disposal of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is disposed.

Computer Software is amortised over a period of five years, heing its pstimated useful life d. Impairment of tangible and intangible assets

d. Impairment of tangible and intangible assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there Is an indication that an asset may be impaired, if any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's or cash-generating unit's (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an Individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to Its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, reccnl market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for previously revalued tangible fixed assets, where the revaluation was taken to revaluation reserve. In this case, the impairment is also recognised in the revaluation reserve up to the amount of any previous revaluation.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset's or cash- generating unit's recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset's recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no Impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit and loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal Is treated as a revaluation increase.

e. Inventories

Inventories comprising chemicals, reagents and consumables are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost Is determined on a first in first out basis.

Work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost indudes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost is determined on a first in first out basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price In the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Consumables in the nature of column are amortised over useful life estimated to be a period of 12 months from the date of issue for consumption.

f. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the Extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized.

Contract research and manufacturing services income

In respect of contracts involving research services, in case of 'time and materials' contracts, contract research fee are recognised as services are rendered, in accordance with the terms of the contracts.

Revenues relating to fixed price contracts are recognised based on the percentage of completion method determined based on efforts expended 3S a proportion to total estimated efforts. The Company monitors estimates of total contract revenue and cost on a routine basis throughout the contract period. The cumulative impact of any change in estimates of the contract revenue or costs is reflected in the period in which the changes become known. In the event that a loss is anticipated on a particular contract, provision is made for the estimated loss.

In respect of contracts involving sale of compounds arising out of contract research for which separate invoices are raised, revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the compounds have passed to the buyer, and comprise amounts invoiced for compounds sold.

The Company collects service tax and sales taxes, as applicable, on behalf of the government and, therefore, It is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company. Hence, it is excluded from revenue.

Dividends

Dividend income is recognised when the Company's right to receive dividend is established by the reporting date.

Interest Income

Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income Is induded under the head "other income"' in the statement of profit and loss.

g. Investments

Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than twelve months from the date on which such investments are made are classified as current investments. All other investments are dassified as long-term investments.

On initial recognition, all investments are measured at cost. The cost comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties. If an investment is acquired, or partly acquired, by the issue of shares or other securities, the acquisition cost is the fair value of the securities issued. If an investment is acquired in exchange for another asset, the acquisition is determined by reference to the fair value of the asset given up or by reference to the fair value of the investment acquired, whichever is more clearly evident.

Long term investments are stated at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a dedine other than temporary in the value of the investments. Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value and determined on an individual investment basis.

On the disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

h. Retirement and other employee benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the statement of profit and loss of the year when the employees rendered the related service and the contributions to the government funds are due. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund authorities.

Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. The gratuity benefit of the Company is administered by a trust formed for this purpose through the group gratuity scheme. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised In full in the period in which they occur in the statement of profit and loss.

Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as 3 result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the entire leave as a current liability In the balance sheet, since it does not have an unconditional right to defer the settlement for 12 months after the reporting date.

i. Foreign currency translation

Foreign currency transaction and balances

(a) Initial Recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currcncy, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

(b) Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.

(c) Intangible assets and amortization of intangible assets

The Company accounts for exchange differences arising on translation/ settlement of foreign currency monetary Items as below:

I. Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items related to acquisition of a fixed asset are capitalized and depredated over remaining useful life of the asset.

ii. Exchange differences arising on other long term foreign currency monetary items are accumulated in "the Foreign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Account" and amortized over the remaining life of the concerned monetary item.

iii. All other exchange differences are recognized as income or as expenses In the year in which they arise.

For the purpose of (i) and (ii) above, the Company treats a foreign monetary item as "long-term foreign currency monetary item", if it has a term of 12 months or more at the date of its origination. In accordance with MCA circular dated August 09, 2012, exchange differences for this purpose, are total differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items for the period. In other words, the Company does not differentiate between exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost and other exchange difference.

(d) Forward exchange, contracts are entered into to hedge foreign currency risk of an existing asset/llablllty

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contracts Is amortised and recognised as an expense / income ovei the life of the cunlracl Fxchange differences on such contracts, except the contracts which are long term foreign currcncy monetary items, are recognised In the statement of profit and loss In the period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognised as Income or as expense for the period. Any gain/loss arising on forwards contracts which are long-term foreign currcncy monetary items Is recognised In accordance with paragraph (c)(i) and (c)(ii) above.

j. Income tax

Tax expense comprises current and deferred taxes. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantially enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to item:, recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not In the statement of profit and loss.

Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for earlier years. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable timing differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible timing differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable Income will be available against which sudi deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realised against future taxable profits.

In the situation where the Company is entitled to a tax holiday under the Income-tax Act,1961 no deferred tax (assets or liability) is recognized in respect of timing differences which reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the Company's gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday period. Deferred tax in respect of timing differences which reverse after the tax holiday period is recognized in the year in which the timing differences originate. However, the Company restricts recognition of deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. For recognition of deferred taxes, the timing differences which originate first are considered to reverse. At each reporting date, the Company re assesses unrecognized deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax asset to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the rase may be that .sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax can be realized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax assets can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities arc offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

Minimum Alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of the profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there Is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognises MAT credit as an asset In accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting tor Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternate Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement." The Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement" asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period-

K. Borrowing cost

Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary cost incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange differences arising from short term foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition and construction of a fixed asset which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are capitalised as a part of the cost of the asset, to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the year in which they are incurred.

l. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Partly paid equity shares are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the extent that they were entitled to participate in dividends relative to a fully paid equity share during the reporting year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for events of bonus issue, bonus element in a rights issue to existing shareholders, share split, and reverse share split (consolidation of shares) that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

For the purpose of calculating Basic EPS, shares allotted to the ESOP Trust pursuant to the* employee share based payment plan is not included in the shares outstanding till the employees have exercised their right to obtain shares, after fulfilling the requisite vesting conditions. Till such time, the shares so allotted are considered as dilutive potential equity shares for the purpose of calculating Diluted EPS.

m. Employee stock compensation costs

Employees (including senior executives) of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share based payment transactions, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).

In accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, the cost of equity-settled transactions is measured using the intrinsic value method and recognized, together with a corresponding increase in the "Stock options outstanding account" in reserves. The cumulative expense recognized for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company's best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The expense or credit recognized in the statement of profit and loss a period represents the movement in cumulative expense rccognized as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognized in employee benefits expense.

Where the terms of an equity-set tied transaction award are modified, the minimum expense recognized is the expense as if the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense is recognized for any modification that increases the total Intrinsic value of the share-based payment transaction, or ts otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification.

n. Operating lease

Where the Company is a Lessee

Leases of assets under which all the risks and rewards of ownership are effectively retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Lease payments under operating leases arc recognised as an expense in the statement Of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

o. Segment reporting Identification of segments

The Company's operating businesses are organised and managed separately according to the nature of products manufactured and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and services to different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which the major operating divisions of the Company operate.

Inter-segment Transfers

The Company generally accounts for inter segment sales and transfers at current market prices.

Allocation of common costs

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.

Unallocated items

Unallocated items indude general corporate income and expense items which are not allocated to any business segment.

Segment accounting policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

p. Provision

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

Where the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example under an insurance contract, the reimbursement Is recognised as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to any provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

q. Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the Financial Statements.

r. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand, s. Derivative instruments

s. Derivative instruments

In accordance with the ICAI announcement, derivative contracts, other than foreign currency forward contracts covored under AS 11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis, and the net loss, if any, after considering the offsetting effect of gain on the underlying hedged item, is charged to the statement of profit and loss. Net gain, if any, after considering the offsetting of loss on the underlying hedged item, is ignored.

t. Amalgamation accounting

The Company treats an amalgamation In the nature of mercer If It satisfies all the following criteria:

(i) All the assets and liabilities of the transferor company become, after amalgamation, the assets and liabilities of the transferee company.

(ii) Shareholders holding not less than 90% of the face value of the equity shares of the transferor company (other than the equity shares already held therein, immediately before the amalgamation, by the transferee company or its subsidiaries or their nominees) become equity shareholders of the transferee company.

(iii) The consideration for amalgamation receivable by those equity shareholders of the transferor company who agree to become shareholders of the transferee company is discharged by the transferee company wholly by the issue of equity shores, except that cash may be paid in respect of any fractional shares.

(iv) The business of the transferor company is intended to be carried on, after the amalgamation, by the transferee company.

(v) The transferee company does not intend to make any adjustment to the book values of the assets and liabilities of the transferor company, except to ensure uniformity of accounting policies.

All other amalgamations are in the nature of purchase.

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