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Accounting Policies of UltraTech Cement Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2023

Note 1: Company Overview and Significant Accounting Policies:

1 (A) Company Overview

UltraTech Cement Limited (“the Company”) is a Public Limited Company incorporated in India having its registered office at Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The Company is engaged in the manufacture and sale of Cement and Cement related products. The Company’s shares are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), India, and the National Stock Exchange (NSE), India, Global Depository Receipts are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange and Sustainability Linked Bonds are listed on the Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited.

1 (B) Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Statement of Compliance

These standalone financial statements (hereinafter referred to as “financial statements”) are prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (“Ind AS”) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013 (“the Act’’), amendments thereto and other relevant provisions of the Act and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (“SEBI”), as applicable.

The financial statements were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors of the Company at their meeting held on 28th April, 2023.

(b) Basis of Preparation and Presentation:

Basis of Preparation

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities:

(i) Derivative Financial Instruments measured at fair value

(ii) Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments)

(iii) Assets held for disposal - measured at the lower of its carrying amount and fair value less costs on disposal of assets and its value in use.

(iv) Employee’s Defined Benefit Plan as per actuarial valuation.

(v) Assets and liabilities acquired under Business Combination measured at fair value; and

(vi) Employee share based payments measured at fair value.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In determining the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.

Functional and Presentation Currency

(i) The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is the functional currency of

the Company and the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.

(ii) Figures less than '' 50,000 have been shown at actual, wherever statutorily required to be disclosed, all other figures have been rounded off in decimals to the nearest '' in lakhs, unless otherwise stated.

Classification of Assets and Liabilities into Current/ Non-Current

The Company has ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of Current / NonCurrent classification of its Assets and Liabilities.

For the purpose of Balance Sheet, an asset is classified as current if:

(i) It is expected to be realised, or is intended to be sold or consumed, in the normal operating cycle; or

(ii) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading; or

(iii) It is expected to realise the asset within twelve months after the reporting period; or

(iv) The asset is a cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to

settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

Similarly, a liability is classified as current if:

(i) It is expected to be settled in the normal operating cycle; or

(ii) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading; or

(iii) It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period; or

(iv) The Company does not have an unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. Terms of a liability that could result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments at the option of the counterparty does not affect this classification.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current only.

(c) Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE):

The initial cost of PPE comprises its purchase price net of any trade discounts and rebates, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, and any directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to working condition and location for its intended use, including relevant borrowing costs and any expected costs of decommissioning.

Subsequent costs are included in the assets’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance cost are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during the period in which they were incurred.

If significant parts of an item of PPE have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of PPE.

Material items such as spare parts, stand-by equipment and service equipment are classified as

PPE when they meet the definition of PPE as specified in Ind AS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of PPE is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

PPE except freehold land are stated at their cost of acquisition/installation or construction net of accumulated depreciation, and impairment losses, if any. Freehold land is stated at cost less impairment losses, if any.

Expenditure during construction period:

Expenditure/ Income during construction period (including financing cost related to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of qualifying PPE) is included under Capital Work-in-Progress (CWIP)

, and the same is allocated to the respective PPE on the completion of their construction. Advances given towards acquisition or construction of PPE outstanding at each reporting date are disclosed as Capital Advances under “Other Non-Current Assets”.

(d) Depreciation:

Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of PPE over its useful life and is provided on a straight-line basis over the useful lives as prescribed in Schedule II to the Act or as per technical assessment. Freehold Land with indefinite life is not depreciated.

Depreciable amount for PPE is the cost of PPE less its estimated residual value. The useful life of PPE is the period over which PPE is expected to be available for use by the Company, or the number of production or similar units expected to be obtained from the asset by the Company.

In case of certain classes of PPE, the Company uses different useful lives than those prescribed in Schedule II to the Act. The useful lives have been assessed based on technical advice, taking into account the nature of the PPE and the estimated usage of the asset on the basis of management’s best estimation of obtaining economic benefits from those classes of assets. The estimated useful life is reviewed periodically, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

Such classes of assets and their estimated useful lives are as under:

No

Nature

Estimated Useful life

1

Buildings

3-60 Years

2

Plant & Equipment

8-50 Years

3

Railway Sidings

4-30 Years

4

Leasehold Land

Over the lease agreement

5

Office Equipment

4-7 Years

6

Furniture and Fixtures

7-12 Years

7

Mobile Phones

3 Years

8

Company Vehicles (other than those provided to the employees)

5-12 Years

9

Motor Cars given to the employees as per the Company’s Scheme

4-5 Years

10

Servers and Networks

3 Years

11

Stores and Spares in the nature of PPE

8-30 Years

12

Assets individually costing less than or equal to '' 10,000

Fully

Depreciated in the year of

An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an item of intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such item of intangible asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

(f) Assets (or disposal groups) classified as held for sale:

The Company classifies assets as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through

Depreciation on additions is provided on a prorata basis from the month of installation or acquisition and in case of Projects from the date of commencement of commercial production. Depreciation on deductions/disposals is provided on a pro-rata basis up to the month preceding the month of deduction/disposal.

(e) Intangible Assets and Amortisation:

• Internally generated Intangible Assets:

Expenditure pertaining to research is expensed out as and when incurred. Expenditure incurred on development is capitalised if such expenditure leads to creation of an asset, otherwise such expenditure is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

• Intangible Assets acquired separately:

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price (net of tax / duty credits

availed wherever applicable) and any directly attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use.

The Company determines the amortisation period as the period over which the future economic benefits will flow to the Company after taking into account all relevant facts and circumstances. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed periodically, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

• Class of intangible assets and their estimated useful lives / basis of amortisation are as under:

No

Nature

Estimated Useful life / Basis of amortization

1

Jetty Rights

Over the period of the relevant agreement such that the cumulative amortisation is not less than the cumulative rebate availed by the Company.

2

Mining

Rights

Over the period of the respective mining agreement

3

Mining

Reserve

On the basis of mineral material extraction (proportion of mineral material extracted per annum to total estimated mining reserve)

4

Surface

Rights

Over the period of the respective mining agreement

5

Software

3 Years

6

Brand Rights

18 months

continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such asset and its sale is highly probable. Such assets or group of assets / liabilities are presented separately in the Balance Sheet, in the line “Assets held for sale” and “Liabilities held for sale” respectively. Once classified as held for sale, intangible assets and PPE are no longer amortised or depreciated.

Such assets or disposal groups held for sale are stated at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

(g) Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of non-financial assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least annually and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pretax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cashgenerating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss.

When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(h) Inventories:

Inventories are valued as follows:

• Raw materials, fuel, stores & spares and packing materials:

Valued at lower of cost and net realisable value (NRV). However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on weighted average basis which includes expenditure incurred for acquiring inventories like purchase price, import duties, taxes (net of tax credit) and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

• Work-in- progress (WIP), finished goods, stock-in-trade and trial run inventories:

Valued at lower of cost and NRV. Cost of Finished goods, WIP and trial run inventories includes cost of raw materials, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost of Stock-in Trade includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition. Cost of inventories is computed on weighted average basis.

• Waste / Scrap:

Waste / Scrap inventory is valued at NRV.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(i) Employee Share based payments:

Equity- settled share-based payments to employees are measured at the fair value of the employee stock options at the grant date using an appropriate valuation model.

The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is amortised over the vesting period, based on the Company’s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity.

At the end of each reporting period, the Company revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss such that the cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to the equity-settled employee benefits reserve.

For Stock Appreciation Rights (“SARs”) which are cash-settled share-based payments, the fair value of liability is recognised for the services acquired over the period that the employees unconditionally become entitled to the payment. At the end of each reporting period until the liability is settled, and at the date of settlement, the liability is re-measured based on the fair value of the SAR’s and any changes in fair value of the liability are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(j) Treasury Shares:

The Company has formed an Employee Welfare Trust for purchasing the Company’s shares to be allotted to eligible employees under Employee Stock Options Scheme, 2018. The Company has considered the said Employee Welfare Trust as its extension and shares held by the Trust is treated as Treasury Shares. As per Ind AS 32, the consideration paid for treasury shares including any directly attributable incremental cost is presented as a deduction from total equity, until they are cancelled, sold or reissued.

(k) Borrowing Costs:

General and specific borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use and borrowing costs are being incurred. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

Borrowing cost includes interest expense, amortization of discounts, hedge related cost

incurred in connection with foreign currency borrowings, ancillary costs incurred in connection with borrowing of funds and exchange difference arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the Interest cost.

(l) Government Grants:

Government grants, related to assets, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Company recognises the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.

Government grants related to income under State Investment Promotion Scheme linked with Value Added Tax (VAT) / Goods & Services Tax (GST) payment, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they become receivable.

Government grants are not recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them and that the grants will be received.

The benefit of a government loan at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant, measured as the difference between proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market interest rates and is being recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(m) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources, that can be reliably estimated, will be required to settle such an obligation.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows to net present value using an appropriate pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. Unwinding of the discount is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as a finance cost. Provisions are reviewed at each reporting date and are adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

A present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made, is disclosed as a contingent liability. Contingent liabilities are also disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company.

Claims against the Company where the possibility of any outflow of resources in settlement is remote, are not disclosed as contingent liabilities.

Contingent assets are not recognised in financial statements since this may result in the recognition of income that may never be realised. However, when the realisation of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is not a contingent asset and is recognised. A contingent asset is disclosed, in financial statements, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

(n) Mines Restoration Provision:

An obligation for restoration, rehabilitation and environmental costs arises when environmental disturbance is caused by the development or ongoing extraction from mines. Costs arising from restoration at closure of the mines and other site preparation work are provided for based on their discounted net present value, with a corresponding amount being capitalised at the start of each project. The amount provided for is recognised, as soon as the obligation to incur such costs arises. These costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the life of the operation through the depreciation of the asset and the unwinding of the discount on the provision. The costs are reviewed periodically and are adjusted to reflect known developments which may have an impact on the cost or life of operations. The cost of the related asset is adjusted for changes in the provision due to factors such as updated cost estimates, new disturbance and revisions to discount rates. The adjusted cost of the asset is depreciated prospectively over the lives of the assets to which they relate. The unwinding of the discount is shown as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(o) Revenue Recognition:

(i) Revenue from Contracts with Customers

• Revenue is recognized on the basis of approved contracts regarding the transfer of goods or services to a customer for an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

• Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price (net of variable consideration) allocated to that performance obligation. The transaction price of goods sold and services rendered is net of variable consideration and outgoing taxes on sale. Any amounts receivable from the customer are recognised as revenue after the control over the goods sold

are transferred to the customer which is generally on dispatch/delivery of goods.

• Variable consideration - This includes incentives, volume rebates, discounts etc. It is estimated at contract inception considering the terms of various schemes with customers and constrained until it is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. It is reassessed at end of each reporting period.

• Significant financing component -Generally, the Company receives shortterm advances from its customers. Using the practical expedient in Ind AS 115, the Company does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if

it expects, at contract inception, that the period between the transfer of the promised good or service to the customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less.

(ii) Dividend income is accounted for when the right

to receive the income is established.

(iii) Interest income is recognised using the Effective

Interest Method.

(p) Lease :

The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at the inception of the contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether

(i) the contract involves the use of identified asset;

(ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset through the period of lease and;

(iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

As a lessee

The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The ROU is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

Certain lease arrangements include the option to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. The right-of-use assets and lease liabilities include these options when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised.

The ROU is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the company’s incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprises fixed payments, including in-substance fixed payments, amounts expected

to be payable under a residual value guarantee and the exercise price under a purchase option that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, lease payments in an optional renewal period if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option.

The lease liability is subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, except those which are payable other than functional currency which is measured at fair value through profit or loss. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the company’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option.

When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the ROU, or is recorded in Statement of Profit or Loss if the carrying amount of the ROU has been reduced to zero.

Lease Liabilities have been presented as separate line and the ‘ROU’ have been presented separately in the Balance Sheet. Lease payments have been classified as financing activities in the Statement of Cash Flows.

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company has elected not to recognise ROU and lease liabilities for short term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or lower and leases of low value assets. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense over the lease term. The related cash flows are classified as Operating activities in the Statement of Cash Flows.

As a lessor

When the Company is an intermediate lessor, it accounts for its interests in the head lease and the sublease separately. The sublease is classified as a finance or operating lease by reference to the right of use asset arising from the head lease.

(q) Employee benefits:

Defined Benefit Plans:

For defined benefit plans, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method, with actuarial valuations being carried

out by a qualified independent actuary at the end of each annual reporting period. Re-measurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), is reflected immediately in the Balance Sheet with a charge or credit recognised in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) in the period in which they occur. Past service cost, both vested and unvested, is recognised as an expense on the plan amendment or when the curtailment or settlement occurs. The gain or loss on curtailment or settlement, is recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit or Loss when the plan amendment or when a curtailment or settlement occurs.

The retirement benefit obligations recognised in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligations reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the scheme. The Company provides benefits such as gratuity, pension and provident fund to its employees which are treated as defined benefit plans.

Gratuity

The gratuity, a defined benefit plan, payable to the employees is the based on the Employees’ service and last drawn salary at the time of the leaving of the services of the Company and is in accordance with the Rules of the Company for payment of Gratuity. Past service cost is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of a plan amendment. Interest is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Defined benefit costs are categorised as follows: service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements); net interest expense or income; and re-measurement.

The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated using a discount rate which is determined by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds.

The defined benefit obligation recognised in the Balance Sheet represents the actual deficit or surplus in the Company’s defined benefit plans. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the

present value of any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plans or reductions in future contributions to the plans.

Provident Fund

The eligible employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits in respect of provident fund, which is a defined benefit plan, for which both the employees and the Company make monthly contributions at a specified percentage of the covered employees’ salary. The contributions as specified under the law are made to the approved provident fund which is set up by the Company. The Company is liable for annual contributions and any shortfall in the fund assets based on the government specified minimum rates of return and recognises such contributions and shortfall, if any, as an expense in the year incurred.

Defined contribution plans:

Contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as expense when employees have rendered services entitling them to such benefits. The Company provides benefits such as superannuation, provident fund (other than Company managed fund) to its employees which are treated as defined contribution plans.

Superannuation

Certain employees of the Company are eligible for participation in defined contribution plans such superannuation and national pension fund. Contributions towards these funds are recognized as an expense periodically based on the contribution by the Company, since Company has no further obligation beyond its periodic contribution.

Other employee benefits:

A liability is recognised for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave in the period the related service is rendered.

Liabilities recognised in respect of short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.

Liabilities recognised in respect of other long-term employee benefits are measured using the projected unit credit method by a qualified independent actuary at the end of each annual reporting period, at the present value of the estimated future cash

outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date. With reference to some employees, liability of other fixed long-term employee benefits is recognised at the present value of the future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company.

Remeasurement gains / losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.

(r) Income Taxes:

Income Tax expenses comprise current tax and deferred tax charge or credit.

Current Tax is measured on the basis of estimated taxable income for the current accounting period in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences and deferred tax asset are recognised for deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax losses, carry forward of unused tax credits at the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to the taxable temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Tax relating to items recognised directly in equity or OCI is recognised in equity or OCI and not in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) Credits are in the form of unused tax credits that are carried forward by the Company for a specified period of time, hence it is grouped with Deferred Tax Asset. MAT is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities; and the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority.

A deferred tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized except:

a) When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and

b) In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.

Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognised / reduced to the extent that it is probable / no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realised.

The Government of India, on September 20, 2019, vide the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Ordinance 2019, inserted a new Section 115BAA in the Income Tax Act, 1961, which provides an option to the Company for paying Income Tax at reduced rates as per the provisions/conditions defined in the said section.

The Company is continuing with higher income tax rate option, based on the available outstanding MAT credit entitlement and different exemptions and deduction enjoyed by the Company. However, the Company has estimated and applied the lower income tax rate on the deferred tax assets / liabilities to the extent these are expected to be realized or settled in the future period when the Company may be subjected to lower tax rate.

(s) Earnings Per Share:

Basic Earnings Per Share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing the net profit / (loss) after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for treasury shares.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, net profit / (loss) after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders is divided by the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares and is adjusted for the treasury shares held by the Company to satisfy the exercise of the share options by the employees.

(t) Foreign Currency transactions:

Transactions in currencies other than the Company’s functional currency (i.e. foreign currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate as at the date of initial transactions.

Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise except for:

• exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings relating to assets under construction for future productive use, which are included in the cost of those assets when they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on those foreign currency borrowings;

• exchange differences relating to qualifying effective cash flow hedges and qualifying net investment hedges in foreign operations which are recognised in OCI.

(u) Investment in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures:

The Company’s investment in its subsidiaries, associates and Joint Ventures are carried at cost net of accumulated impairment loss, if any.

On disposal of the Investment, the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount is charged or credited to the Statement of Profit and Loss.


(v) Financial Instruments:

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when a Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

Initial Recognition:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss and ancillary costs related to borrowings) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the tenure of the financial assets or financial liabilities. However, trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component are measured at transaction price (net of variable consideration).

Classification and Subsequent Measurement:

Financial Assets

The Company classifies financial assets as subsequently measured at amortised cost, Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (“FVOCI”) or Fair Value through Profit or Loss (“FVTPL”) on the basis of following:

• the entity’s business model for managing the financial assets and

• the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

Amortised Cost:

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:

• the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and

• the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are

solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

In case of financial assets classified and measured at amortised cost, any interest income, foreign exchange gains or losses and impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Fair Value through OCI (FVTOCI):

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at fair value through OCI if both of the following conditions are met:

• the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and

• the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVTPL):

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through OCI.

All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortised cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets.

For financial assets at FVTPL, net gains or losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Classification and Subsequent Measurement: Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified as either financial liabilities at FVTPL or ‘other financial liabilities’.

Financial Liabilities at FVTPL:

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is held for trading or is a derivative (except for effective hedge) or are designated upon initial recognition as FVTPL:

Gains or Losses, including any interest expense on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Other Financial Liabilities:

Other financial liabilities (including borrowings and trade and other payables) are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the amortised cost on initial recognition.

Interest expense (based on the effective interest method), foreign exchange gains and losses, and any gain or loss on derecognition is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Impairment of financial assets:

Expected credit losses are recognized for all financial assets subsequent to initial recognition other than financials assets in FVTPL category. For financial assets other than trade receivables, as per Ind AS 109, the Company recognises 12 month expected credit losses for all originated or acquired financial assets if at the reporting date the credit risk of the financial asset has not increased significantly since its initial recognition. The expected credit losses are measured as lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on financial asset increases significantly since its initial recognition.

The Company’s trade receivables do not contain significant financing component and as per simplified approach, loss allowances on trade receivables are measured using provision matrix at an amount equal to life time expected losses i.e. expected cash shortfall.

The impairment losses and reversals are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities:

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially

all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay.

If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises an associated liability for amounts it has to pay.

On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The Company de-recognises financial liabilities when and only when, the Company’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability de-recognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Financial Guarantee Contract Liabilities

Financial Guarantee Contract Liabilities are disclosed in financial statements in accordance with Ind AS 37 - Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets.

(w) Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents comprise of cash at bank and in hand and short-term deposits with banks that are readily convertible into cash which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value and are held for the purpose of meeting short-term cash commitments.

(x) Financial liabilities and equity instruments:

• Classification as debt or equity

Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

• Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of

an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by a Company are recognised at the proceeds received.

(y) Derivative financial instruments:

The Company enters into derivative financial instruments viz. foreign exchange forward contracts, interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps to manage its exposure to interest rate, foreign exchange rate risks and commodity prices. The Company does not hold derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value at the date the derivative contracts are entered into and are subsequently remeasured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognised in Statement of Profit or Loss immediately excluding derivatives designated as cashflow hedge.

(z) Hedge accounting:

The Company designates certain hedging instruments in respect of foreign currency risk, interest rate risk and commodity price risk as cash flow hedges. At the inception of the hedge relationship, the entity documents the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item, along with its risk management objectives and its strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. Furthermore, at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, the Company documents whether the hedging instrument is highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of the designated portion of derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges is recognised in OCI and accumulated under equity. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Amounts previously recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity relating to effective portion as described above are reclassified to Statement of Profit and Loss in the periods when the hedged item affects the Statement of Profit or Loss, in the same line as the recognised hedged item. However, when the hedged forecast transaction results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or a non-financial

liability, such gains and losses are transferred from equity and included in the initial measurement of the cost of the non-financial asset or non-financial liability.

Hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. Any gain or loss recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognised when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognised the Statement of Profit and Loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(aa) Segment Reporting - Identification of Segments:

An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) to make decisions for which discrete financial information is available. Based on the management approach as defined in Ind AS 108, the CODM evaluates the Company’s performance and allocates resources based on an analysis of various performance indicators by business segments and geographic segments.

(bb) Cash Flow Statement:

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby the net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

(cc) Business Combination and Goodwill:

The Company applies the acquisition method in accounting for business combinations. The consideration transferred by the Company to obtain control of a business is calculated as the sum of the fair values of assets transferred, liabilities incurred and the equity interests issued by the Company as at the acquisition date i.e. date on which it obtains control of the acquiree which includes the fair value of any asset or liability arising from a contingent consideration arrangement. Acquisition-related costs are recognised in the statement of Profit and Loss as incurred, except to the extent related to the issue of debt or equity securities.

Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values on acquisition-date.

Intangible Assets acquired in a Business Combination and recognised separately from Goodwill are initially recognised at their fair value at the acquisition date (which is regarded as their cost).

Subsequent to initial recognition, intangible Assets acquired in a Business Combination are reported at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets that are acquired separately.

Goodwill is measured as the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount recognised for non-controlling interests, and any previous interest held, over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. A cash generating unit (CGU) to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when, there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the CGU is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated


Mar 31, 2022

1 (A) Company Overview

UltraTech Cement Limited (“the Company”) is a Public Limited Company incorporated in India having its registered office at Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The Company is engaged in the manufacture and sale of Cement and Cement related products. The Company’s shares are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), India, and the National Stock Exchange (NSE), India,

Global Depository Receipts are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange and Sustainability Linked Bonds are listed on the Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited.

1 (B) Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Statement of Compliance

These standalone financial statements (hereinafter referred to as “financial statements”) are prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (“Ind AS”) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013 (“the Act’’), amendments thereto and other relevant provisions of the Act and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (“SEBI”), as applicable.

The financial statements were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors of the Company at their meeting held on 29th April, 2022.

(b) Basis of Preparation and Presentation:

Basis of Preparation

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities:

(i) Derivative Financial Instruments measured at fair value

(ii) Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments)

(iii) Assets held for disposal - measured at the lower of its carrying amount and fair value less costs on disposal of assets and its value in use.

(iv) Employee’s Defined Benefit Plan as per actuarial valuation.

(v) Assets and liabilities acquired under Business Combination measured at fair value; and

(vi) Employee share based payments measured at fair value.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In determining the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.

Functional and Presentation Currency

(i) The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is the functional currency of the Company and the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.

(ii) Figures less than '' 50,000 have been shown at actual, wherever statutorily required to be disclosed, all other figures have been rounded off to the nearest '' in lakhs, unless otherwise stated.

Classification of Assets and Liabilities into Current/Non-Current

The Company has ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of Current / NonCurrent classification of its Assets and Liabilities.

For the purpose of Balance Sheet, an asset is classified as current if:

(i) It is expected to be realised, or is intended to be sold or consumed, in the normal operating cycle; or

(ii) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading; or

(iii) It is expected to realise the asset within twelve months after the reporting period; or

(iv) The asset is a cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle

a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

Similarly, a liability is classified as current if:

(i) It is expected to be settled in the normal operating cycle; or

(ii) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading; or

(iii) It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period; or

(iv) The Company does not have an unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability

for at least twelve months after the reporting period. Terms of a liability that could result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments at the option of the counterparty does not affect this classification.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current only.

(c) Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE):

The initial cost of PPE comprises its purchase price net of any trade discounts and rebates, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, and any directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to working condition and location for its intended use, including relevant borrowing costs and any expected costs of decommissioning.

Subsequent costs are included in the assets’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance cost are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during the period in which they were incurred.

If significant parts of an item of PPE have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of PPE.

Material items such as spare parts, stand-by equipment and service equipment are classified as PPE when they meet the definition of PPE as specified in Ind AS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of PPE is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

PPE except freehold land are stated at their cost of acquisition/installation or construction net of accumulated depreciation, and impairment losses, if any. Freehold land is stated at cost less impairment losses, if any.

Expenditure during construction period:

Expenditure/ Income during construction period (including financing cost related to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of qualifying PPE) is included under Capital Work-in-Progress, and the same is allocated to the respective PPE on the completion of their construction. Advances given towards acquisition or construction of PPE outstanding at each reporting date are disclosed as Capital Advances under “Other non-current Assets”.

(d) Depreciation:

Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of PPE over its useful life and is provided on a straight-line basis over the useful lives as prescribed in Schedule II to the Act or as per technical assessment. Freehold Land with indefinite life is not depreciated.

Depreciable amount for PPE is the cost of PPE less its estimated residual value. The useful life of PPE is the period over which PPE is expected to be available for use by the Company, or the number of production or similar units expected to be obtained from the asset by the Company.

In case of certain classes of PPE, the Company uses different useful lives than those prescribed in Schedule II to the Act. The useful lives have been assessed based on technical advice, taking into account the nature of the PPE and the estimated usage of the asset on the basis of management’s best estimation of obtaining economic benefits from those classes of assets. The estimated useful life is reviewed periodically, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

Such classes of assets and their estimated useful lives are as under:

No

Nature

Estimated Useful life

1

Buildings

3-60 Years

2

Plant & Equipment

8-50 Years

3

Railway Sidings

4-30 Years

4

Leasehold Land

Over the lease agreement

5

Office Equipment

4-7 Years

6

Furniture and Fixtures

7-12 Years

7

Mobile Phones

3 Years

8

Company Vehicles (other than those provided to the employees)

5-12 Years

9

Motor Cars given to the employees as per the Company’s Scheme

4-5 Years

10

Servers and Networks

3 Years

11

Stores and Spares in the nature of PPE

8-30 Years

12

Assets individually costing less than or

Fully

equal to '' 10,000

Depreciated in the year of purchase

Depreciation on additions is provided on a pro-rata basis from the month of installation or acquisition and in case of Projects from the date of commencement of commercial production. Depreciation on deductions/ disposals is provided on a pro-rata basis up to the month preceding the month of deduction/disposal.

(e) Intangible Assets and Amortisation:

• Internally generated Intangible Assets:

Expenditure pertaining to research is expensed out as and when incurred. Expenditure incurred on development is capitalised if such expenditure leads to creation of an asset, otherwise such expenditure is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Intangible Assets acquired separately:

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price (net of tax / duty credits availed wherever applicable) and any directly attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use. The Company determines the amortisation period as the period over which the future economic benefits will flow to the Company after taking into account all relevant facts and

circumstances. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed periodically, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

• Class of intangible assets and their estimated useful lives / basis of amortisation are as under:

No

Nature

Estimated Useful life / Basis of amortization

1

Jetty Rights

Over the period of the relevant agreement such that the cumulative amortisation is not less than the cumulative rebate availed by the Company.

2

Mining Rights

Over the period of the respective mining agreement

3

Mining

Reserve

On the basis of mineral material extraction (proportion of mineral material extracted per annum to total estimated mining reserve)

4

Software

3 Years

5

Brand Rights

18 months

An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an item of intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such item of intangible asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

(f) Assets (or disposal groups) classified as held for sale:

The Company classifies assets as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such asset and its sale is highly probable. Such assets or group of assets / liabilities are presented separately in the Balance Sheet, in the line “Assets held for sale” and “Liabilities held for sale” respectively. Once classified as held for sale, intangible assets and PPE are no longer amortised or depreciated.

Such assets or disposal groups held for sale are stated at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

(g) Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of non-financial assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least annually and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cashgenerating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss.

When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(h) Inventories:

Inventories are valued as follows:

• Raw materials, fuel, stores & spares and packing materials:

Valued at lower of cost and net realisable value (NRV). However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on weighted average basis which includes expenditure incurred for acquiring inventories like purchase price, import duties, taxes (net of tax credit) and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

• Work-in- progress (WIP), finished goods, stock-in-trade and trial run inventories:

Valued at lower of cost and NRV. Cost of Finished goods, WIP and trial run inventories includes cost of raw materials, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost of Stock-in Trade includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition. Cost of inventories is computed on weighted average basis.

• Waste / Scrap:

Waste / Scrap inventory is valued at NRV.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(i) Employee Share based payments:

Equity- settled share-based payments to employees are measured at the fair value of the employee stock options at the grant date using an appropriate valuation model.

The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is amortised over the vesting period, based on the Company’s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity.

At the end of each reporting period, the Company revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss such that the cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to the equity-settled employee benefits reserve.

For Stock Appreciation Rights (“SARs”) which are cash-settled share-based payments, the fair value of liability is recognised for the services acquired over the period that the employees unconditionally become entitled to the payment. At the end of each reporting period until the liability is settled, and at the date of settlement, the liability is re-measured based on the fair value of the SAR’s and any changes in fair value of the liability are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(j) Treasury Shares:

The Company has formed an Employee Welfare Trust for purchasing the Company’s shares to be allotted to eligible employees under Employee Stock Options Scheme, 2018. The Company has considered the said Employee Welfare Trust as its extension and shares held by the Trust is treated as Treasury Shares. As per Ind AS 32, the consideration paid for treasury shares including any directly attributable incremental cost is presented as a deduction from total equity, until they are cancelled, sold or reissued.

(k) Borrowing Costs:

General and specific borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use and borrowing costs are being incurred. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

Borrowing cost includes interest expense, amortization of discounts, hedge related cost incurred in connection with foreign currency borrowings, ancillary costs incurred in connection with borrowing of funds and exchange difference arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the Interest cost.

(l) Government Grants:

Government grants, related to assets, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Company recognises the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.

Government grants related to income under State Investment Promotion Scheme linked with VAT /

GST payment, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they become receivable.

Government grants are not recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them and that the grants will be received.

The benefit of a government loan at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant, measured as the difference between proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market interest rates and is being recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(m) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources, that can be reliably estimated, will be required to settle such an obligation.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows to net present value using an appropriate pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. Unwinding of the discount is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as a finance cost. Provisions are reviewed at each reporting date and are adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

A present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made, is disclosed as a contingent liability. Contingent liabilities are also disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company.

Claims against the Company where the possibility of any outflow of resources in settlement is remote, are not disclosed as contingent liabilities.

Contingent assets are not recognised in financial statements since this may result in the recognition of income that may never be realised. However, when the realisation of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is not a contingent asset and is recognised. A contingent asset is disclosed, in financial statements, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

(n) Mines Restoration Provision:

An obligation for restoration, rehabilitation and environmental costs arises when environmental disturbance is caused by the development or ongoing extraction from mines. Costs arising from restoration at closure of the mines and other site preparation work are provided for based on their discounted net present value, with a corresponding amount being capitalised at the start of each project. The amount provided for is recognised, as soon as the obligation to incur such costs arises. These costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the life of the operation through the depreciation of the asset and the unwinding of the discount on the provision. The costs are reviewed periodically and are adjusted to reflect known developments which may have an impact on the cost or life of operations. The cost of the related asset is adjusted for changes in the provision due to factors such as updated cost estimates, new disturbance and revisions to discount rates. The adjusted cost of the asset is depreciated prospectively over the lives of the assets to which they relate. The unwinding of the discount is shown as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(o) Revenue Recognition:

(i) Revenue from Contracts with Customers

• Revenue is recognized on the basis of approved contracts regarding the transfer of goods or services to a customer for an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

• Revenue is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable taking into account the amount of discounts,

incentives, volume rebates, and outgoing taxes on sales. Any amounts receivable from the customer are recognised as revenue after the control over the goods sold are transferred to the customer which is generally on dispatch/delivery of goods.

• Variable consideration - This includes incentives, volume rebates, discounts etc. It is estimated at contract inception considering the terms of various schemes with customers and constrained until it is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. It is reassessed at end of each reporting period.

• Significant financing component - Generally, the Company receives short-term advances from its customers. Using the practical expedient in Ind AS 115, the Company does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if it expects, at contract inception, that the period between the transfer of the promised good or service to the customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less.

(ii) Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive the income is established.

(iii) Interest income is recognised using the Effective Interest Method.

(p) Lease:

The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at the inception of the contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether

(i) the contract involves the use of identified asset;

(ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset through the period of lease and;

(iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

As a lessee

The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The ROU is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

Certain lease arrangements include the option to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. The right-of-use assets and lease liabilities include these options when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised.

The ROU is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the company’s incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprises fixed payments, including in-substance fixed payments, amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee and the exercise price under a purchase option that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, lease payments in an optional renewal period if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option.

The lease liability is subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, except those which are payable other than functional currency which is measured at fair value through profit or loss. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the company’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option.

When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the ROU, or is recorded in Statement of

Profit or Loss if the carrying amount of the ROU has been reduced to zero.

Lease Liabilities have been presented as separate line and the ‘ROU’ have been presented separately in the Balance Sheet. Lease payments have been classified as financing activities in the Statement of Cash Flows.

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company has elected not to recognise ROU and lease liabilities for short term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or lower and leases of low value assets. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense over the lease term. The related cash flows are classified as Operating activities in the Statement of Cash Flows.

As a lessor

When the Company is an intermediate lessor, it accounts for its interests in the head lease and the sublease separately. The sublease is classified as a finance or operating lease by reference to the right of use asset arising from the head lease.

(q) Employee benefits:

Defined Benefit Plans:

For defined benefit plans, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method, with actuarial valuations being carried out by a qualified independent actuary at the end of each annual reporting period. Re-measurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), is reflected immediately in the Balance Sheet with a charge or credit recognised in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) in the period in which they occur. Past service cost, both vested and unvested, is recognised as an expense on the plan amendment or when the curtailment or settlement occurs. The gain or loss on curtailment or settlement, is recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit or Loss when the plan amendment or when a curtailment or settlement occurs.

The retirement benefit obligations recognised in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligations reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the scheme. The Company provides benefits such as gratuity, pension and provident fund to its employees which are treated as defined benefit plans.

Defined contribution plans:

Contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as expense when employees have rendered services entitling them to such benefits. The Company provides benefits such as superannuation, provident fund (other than Company managed fund) to its employees which are treated as defined contribution plans.

Gratuity

The gratuity, a defined benefit plan, payable to the employees is the based on the Employees’ service and last drawn salary at the time of the leaving of the services of the Company and is in accordance with the Rules of the Company for payment of Gratuity. Past service cost is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of a plan amendment. Interest is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Defined benefit costs are categorised as follows:

service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements);net interest expense or income; and re-measurement.

The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated using a discount rate which is determined by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds. The defined benefit obligation recognised in the Balance Sheet represents the actual deficit or surplus in the Company’s defined benefit plans. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plans or reductions in future contributions to the plans.

Superannuation

Certain employees of the Company are eligible for participation in defined contribution plans such superannuation and national pension fund. Contributions towards these funds are recognized as an expense periodically based on the contribution by the Company, since Company has no further obligation beyond its periodic contribution.

Provident Fund

The eligible employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits in respect of provident fund, which is a defined benefit plan, for which both the employees and the Company make monthly contributions at a specified percentage of the covered employees’ salary. The contributions as specified under the law are made to the approved provident fund which is set up by the Company. The Company is liable for annual contributions and any shortfall in the fund assets based on the government specified minimum rates of return and recognises such contributions and shortfall, if any, as an expense in the year incurred.

Other employee benefits

A liability is recognised for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave in the period the related service is rendered.

Liabilities recognised in respect of short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.

Liabilities recognised in respect of other long-term employee benefits are measured using the projected unit credit method by a qualified independent actuary at the end of each annual reporting period, at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date. With reference to some employees, liability of other fixed long-term employee benefits is recognised at the present value of the future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company.

Remeasurement gains / losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.

(r) Income Taxes:

Income Tax expenses comprise current tax and deferred tax charge or credit.

Current Tax is measured on the basis of estimated taxable income for the current accounting period in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences and deferred tax asset are recognised for deductible temporary differences,

carry forward of unused tax losses, carry forward of unused tax credits at the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to the taxable temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Tax relating to items recognised directly in equity or OCI is recognised in equity or OCI and not in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) Credits are in the form of unused tax credits that are carried forward by the Company for a specified period of time, hence it is grouped with Deferred Tax Asset. MAT is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities; and the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority.

A deferred tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized except:

a) When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and

b) In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.

Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognised / reduced to the extent that it is probable / no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realised.

The Government of India, on September 20, 2019, vide the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Ordinance 2019, inserted a new Section 115BAA in the Income Tax Act, 1961, which provides an option to the Company for paying Income Tax at reduced rates as per the provisions/conditions defined in the said section. The Company is continuing with higher income tax rate option, based on the available outstanding MAT credit entitlement and different exemptions and deduction enjoyed by the Company. However, the Company has estimated and applied the lower income tax rate on the deferred tax assets / liabilities to the extent these are expected to be realized or settled in the future period when the Company may be subjected to lower tax rate.

(s) Earnings Per Share:

Basic Earnings Per Share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing the net profit / (loss) after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for treasury shares.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, net profit / (loss) after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders is divided by the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares and is adjusted for the treasury shares held by the Company to satisfy the exercise of the share options by the employees.

(t) Foreign Currency transactions:

Transactions in currencies other than the Company’s functional currency (i.e. foreign currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate as at the date of initial transactions.

Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise except for:

• exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings relating to assets under construction for future productive use, which are included in the cost of those assets when they are regarded as

an adjustment to interest costs on those foreign currency borrowings;

• exchange differences relating to qualifying effective cash flow hedges and qualifying net investment hedges in foreign operations which are recognised in OCI.

(u) Investment in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures:

The Company’s investment in its subsidiaries, associates and Joint Ventures are carried at cost net of accumulated impairment loss, if any.

On disposal of the Investment, the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount is charged or credited to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(v) Financial Instruments:

A Financial Instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when a Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

Initial Recognition:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss and ancillary costs related to borrowings) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the tenure of the financial assets or financial liabilities.

Classification and Subsequent Measurement: Financial Assets

The Company classifies financial assets as subsequently measured at amortised cost, Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (“FVOCI”) or Fair Value through Profit or Loss (“FVTPL”) on the basis of following:

• the entity’s business model for managing the financial assets and

• the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

Amortised Cost:

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:

• the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and

• the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

In case of financial assets classified and measured at amortised cost, any interest income, foreign exchange gains or losses and impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Fair Value through OCI:

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at fair value through OCI if both of the following conditions are met:

• the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and

• the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Fair Value through Profit or Loss:

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through OCI.

All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortised cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets.

For financial assets at FVTPL, net gains or losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Classification and Subsequent Measurement: Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified as either financial liabilities at FVTPL or ‘other financial liabilities’.

Financial Liabilities at FVTPL:

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is held for trading or is a derivative (except for effective hedge) or are designated upon initial recognition as FVTPL:

Gains or Losses, including any interest expense on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Other Financial Liabilities:

Other financial liabilities (including borrowings and trade and other payables) are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the amortised cost on initial recognition.

Interest expense (based on the effective interest method), foreign exchange gains and losses, and any gain or loss on derecognition is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Impairment of financial assets:

Expected credit losses are recognized for all financial assets subsequent to initial recognition other than financials assets in FVTPL category. For financial assets other than trade receivables, as per Ind AS 109, the Company recognises 12 month expected credit losses for all originated or acquired financial assets if at the reporting date the credit risk of the financial asset has not increased significantly since

its initial recognition. The expected credit losses are measured as lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on financial asset increases significantly since its initial recognition.

The Company’s trade receivables do not contain significant financing component and as per simplified approach, loss allowances on trade receivables are measured using provision matrix at an amount equal to life time expected losses i.e. expected cash shortfall.

The impairment losses and reversals are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities:

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay.

If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises an associated liability for amounts it has to pay.

On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The Company de-recognises financial liabilities when and only when, the Company’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability de-recognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Financial Guarantee Contract Liabilities

Financial Guarantee Contract Liabilities are disclosed in financial statements in accordance with Ind AS 37 - Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets.

(w) Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents comprise of cash at bank and in hand and short-term deposits with banks that are readily convertible into cash which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value and are held for the purpose of meeting short-term cash commitments.

(x) Financial liabilities and equity instruments:

• Classification as debt or equity

Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

• Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by a Company are recognised at the proceeds received.

(y) Derivative financial instruments:

The Company enters into derivative financial instruments viz. foreign exchange forward contracts, interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps to manage its exposure to interest rate, foreign exchange rate risks and commodity prices. The Company does not hold derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value at the date the derivative contracts are entered into and are subsequently remeasured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognised in Statement of Profit or Loss immediately excluding derivatives designated as cashflow hedge.

(z) Hedge accounting:

The Company designates certain hedging instruments in respect of foreign currency risk, interest rate risk and commodity price risk as cash flow hedges. At the inception of the hedge relationship, the entity documents the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item, along with its risk management objectives and its strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. Furthermore,

at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, the Company documents whether the hedging instrument is highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of the designated portion of derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges is recognised in OCI and accumulated under equity. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Amounts previously recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity relating to effective portion as described above are reclassified to Statement of Profit and Loss in the periods when the hedged item affects the Statement of Profit or Loss, in the same line as the recognised hedged item. However, when the hedged forecast transaction results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or a non-financial liability, such gains and losses are transferred from equity and included in the initial measurement of the cost of the non-financial asset or non-financial liability.

Hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. Any gain or loss recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognised when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognised the Statement of Profit and Loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(aa) Segment Reporting - Identification of Segments:

An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) to make decisions for which discrete financial information is available. Based on the management approach as defined in Ind AS 108, the CODM evaluates the Company’s performance and allocates resources based on an analysis of various performance indicators by business segments and geographic segments.

(bb) Cash Flow Statement:

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby the net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

(cc) Business Combination and Goodwill:

The Company applies the acquisition method in accounting for business combinations. The consideration transferred by the Company to obtain control of a business is calculated as the sum of the fair values of assets transferred, liabilities incurred and the equity interests issued by the Company as at the acquisition date i.e. date on which it obtains control of the acquiree which includes the fair value of any asset or liability arising from a contingent consideration arrangement. Acquisition-related costs are recognised in the statement of Profit and Loss as incurred, except to the extent related to the issue of debt or equity securities.

Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values on acquisition-date.

Intangible Assets acquired in a Business Combination and recognised separately from Goodwill are initially recognised at their fair value at the acquisition date (which is regarded as their cost).

Subsequent to initial recognition, intangible Assets acquired in a Business Combination are reported at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets that are acquired separately.

Goodwill is measured as the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount recognised for non-controlling interests, and any previous interest held, over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. A cash generating unit (CGU) to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when, there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the CGU is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other

assets of the unit pro-rata based on the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. Any impairment loss for goodwill is


Mar 31, 2021

(iv) Employee’s Defined Benefit Plan as per actuarial valuation.

(v) Assets and liabilities acquired under Business Combination measured at fair value; and

(vi) Employee share based payments measured at fair value.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In determining the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.

Functional and Presentation Currency

(i) The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is the functional currency of

the Company and the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.

(ii) Figures less than '' 50,000 have been shown at actual, wherever statutorily required to be disclosed, all other figures have been rounded off to the nearest '' in lakhs, unless otherwise stated.

Classification of Assets and Liabilities into Current/Non-Current

The Company has ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of Current / NonCurrent classification of its Assets and Liabilities.

For the purpose of Balance Sheet, an asset is classified as current if:

(i) It is expected to be realised, or is intended to be sold or consumed, in the normal operating cycle; or

(ii) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading; or

(iii) It is expected to realise the asset within twelve months after the reporting period; or


Note 1: Company Overview and Significant Accounting Policies:

1 (A) Company Overview

UltraTech Cement Limited (“the Company”) is a Public Limited Company incorporated in India having its registered office at Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The Company is engaged in the manufacture and sale of Cement and Cement related products. The Company’s shares are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), India, and the National Stock Exchange (NSE), India, Global Depository Receipts are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange and Bonds are listed on the Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited.

1 (B) Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Statement of Compliance

These standalone financial statements (hereinafter referred to as “financial statements”) are prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (“Ind AS”) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013 (“the Act’’), amendments thereto and other relevant provisions of the Act and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (“SEBI”), as applicable.

The financial statements were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors of the Company at their meeting held on May 07, 2021.

(b) Basis of Preparation and Presentation:

Basis of Preparation

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities:

(i) Derivative Financial Instruments measured at fair value

(ii) Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments)

(iii) Assets held for disposal - measured at the lower of its carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell

(iv) The asset is a cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

Similarly, a liability is classified as current if:

(i) It is expected to be settled in the normal operating cycle; or

(ii) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading; or

(iii) It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period; or

(iv) The Company does not have an unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability

for at least twelve months after the reporting period. Terms of a liability that could result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments at the option of the counterparty does not affect this classification.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current only.

(c) Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE):

The initial cost of PPE comprises its purchase price net of any trade discounts and rebates, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, and any directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to working condition and location for its intended use, including relevant borrowing costs and any expected costs of decommissioning.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance cost are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during the period in which they were incurred.

If significant parts of an item of PPE have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of PPE.

Material items such as spare parts, stand-by equipment and service equipment are classified as

PPE when they meet the definition of PPE as specified in Ind AS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of PPE is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

PPE except freehold land are stated at their cost of acquisition/installation or construction net of accumulated depreciation, and impairment losses, if any. Freehold land is stated at cost less impairment losses, if any.

Expenditure during construction period:

Expenditure/ Income during construction period (including financing cost related to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of qualifying PPE) is included under Capital Work-in-Progress, and the same is allocated to the respective PPE on the completion of their construction. Advances given towards acquisition or construction of PPE outstanding at each reporting date are disclosed as Capital Advances under “Other non-current Assets”.

(d) Depreciation:

Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of PPE over its useful life and is provided on a straight-line basis over the useful lives as prescribed in Schedule II to the Act or as per technical assessment. Freehold Land with indefinite life is not depreciated.

Depreciable amount for PPE is the cost of PPE less its estimated residual value. The useful life of PPE is the period over which PPE is expected to be available for use by the Company, or the number of production or similar units expected to be obtained from the asset by the Company.

In case of certain classes of PPE, the Company uses different useful lives than those prescribed in Schedule II to the Act. The useful lives have been assessed based on technical advice, taking into account the nature of the PPE and the estimated usage of the asset on the basis of management’s best estimation of obtaining economic benefits from those classes of assets. The estimated useful life is reviewed periodically, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

Such classes of assets and their estimated useful lives are as under:

No

Nature

Estimated Useful life

1

Buildings

3-60 Years

2

Plant & Equipment

8-50 Years

3

Railway Siding

4-30 Years

4

Leasehold Land

Over the lease agreement

5

Office Equipment

4-7 Years

6

Furniture and Fixtures

7-12 Years

7

Mobile Phones

3 Years

8

Company Vehicles (other than those provided to the employees)

5-12 Years

9

Motor Cars given to the employees as per the Company’s Scheme

4-5 Years

10

Servers and Networks

3 Years

11

Stores and Spares in the nature of PPE

8-30 Years

12

Assets individually costing less than or equal to Rs.10,000

Fully Depreciated in the year of purchase

Depreciation on additions is provided on a pro-rata basis from the month of installation or acquisition and in case of Projects from the date of commencement of commercial production. Depreciation on deductions/disposals is provided on a pro-rata basis up to the month preceding the month of deduction/ disposal.

(e) Intangible Assets and Amortisation:

• Internally generated Intangible Assets:

Expenditure pertaining to research is expensed out as and when incurred. Expenditure incurred on development is capitalised if such expenditure leads to creation of an asset, otherwise such expenditure is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

• Intangible Assets acquired separately:

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Cost comprises the

purchase price (net of tax / duty credits availed wherever applicable) and any directly attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use. The Company determines the amortisation period as the period over which the future economic benefits will flow to the Company after taking into account all relevant facts and circumstances. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed periodically, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

• Class of intangible assets and their estimated useful lives / basis of amortisation are as under:

No Nature

Estimated Useful life / Basis of amortization

1 Jetty Rights

Over the period of the relevant agreement such that the cumulative amortisation is not less than the cumulative rebate availed by the Company.

2 Mining Rights

Over the period of the respective mining agreement

3 Mining Reserve

On the basis of mineral material extraction (proportion of mineral material extracted per annum to total estimated mining reserve)

4 Software

3 Years

5 Brand Rights

18 months

An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an item of intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such item of intangible asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

f) Non-current assets (or disposal groups) classified as held for sale:

The Company classifies non-current assets as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the asset is available for immediate

sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such asset and its sale is highly

probable. Such assets or group of assets / liabilities are presented separately in the Balance Sheet, in the line “Assets / Disposal groups held for sale” and “Liabilities included in disposal group held for sale” respectively. Once classified as held for sale, intangible assets and PPE are no longer amortised or depreciated.

Such assets or disposal groups held for sale are stated at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

(g) Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of non-financial assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cashgenerating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or

cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss.

When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

[h) Inventories:

Inventories are valued as follows:

• Raw materials, fuel, stores & spares and packing materials:

Valued at lower of cost and net realisable value (NRV). However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on weighted average basis which includes expenditure incurred for acquiring inventories like purchase price, import duties, taxes (net of tax credit) and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition

• Work-in- progress (WIP), finished goods, stock-in-trade and trial run inventories:

Valued at lower of cost and NRV. Cost of Finished goods and WIP includes cost of raw materials, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost of Stock-in Trade includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition. Cost of inventories is computed on weighted average basis.

• Waste / Scrap:

Waste / Scrap inventory is valued at NRV.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

in the provision due to factors such as updated cost estimates, new disturbance and revisions to discount rates. The adjusted cost of the asset is depreciated prospectively over the lives of the assets to which they relate. The unwinding of the discount is shown as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(o) Revenue Recognition:

(i) Revenue from Contracts with Customers

• Revenue is recognized on the basis of approved contracts regarding the transfer of goods or services to a customer for an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

• Revenue is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable taking into account the amount of discounts, incentives, volume rebates, and outgoing taxes on sales. Any amounts receivable from the customer are recognised as revenue after the control over the goods sold are transferred to the customer which is generally on dispatch/delivery of goods.

• Variable consideration - This includes incentives, volume rebates, discounts etc. It is estimated at contract inception considering the terms of various schemes with customers and constrained until it is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. It is reassessed at end of each reporting period.

• Significant financing component - Generally, the Company receives short-term advances from its customers. Using the practical expedient in Ind AS 115, the Company does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if it expects, at contract inception, that the period between the transfer of the promised good or service to the customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less.

(i) Employee Share based payments:

Equity- settled share-based payments to employees are measured at the fair value of the employee stock options at the grant date using an appropriate valuation model.

The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is amortised over the vesting period, based on the Company’s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity.

At the end of each reporting period, the Company revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss such that the cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to the equity-settled employee benefits reserve.

For Stock Appreciation Rights (“SARs”) which are cash-settled share-based payments, the fair value of liability is recognised for the services acquired over the period that the employees unconditionally become entitled to the payment. At the end of each reporting period until the liability is settled, and at the date of settlement, the liability is re-measured based on the fair value of the SAR’s and any changes in fair value of the liability are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(j) Treasury Shares:

The Company has formed an Employee Welfare Trust for purchasing the Company’s shares to be allotted to eligible employees under Employee Stock Options Scheme, 2018. The Company has considered the said Employee Welfare Trust as its extension and shares held by the Trust is treated as Treasury Shares. As per Ind AS 32, the consideration paid for treasury shares including any directly attributable incremental cost is presented as a deduction from total equity, until they are cancelled, sold or reissued.

(k) Borrowing Costs:

General and specific borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset

is ready for its intended use and borrowing costs are being incurred. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

Borrowing cost includes interest expense, amortization of discounts, hedge related cost incurred in connection with foreign currency borrowings, ancillary costs incurred in connection with borrowing of funds and exchange difference arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the Interest cost.

l) Government Grants:

Government grants, related to assets, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Company recognises the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.

Government grants related to income under State Investment Promotion Scheme linked with VAT /

GST payment, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they become receivable.

Government grants are not recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them and that the grants will be received.

The benefit of a government loan at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant, measured as the difference between proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market interest rates and is being recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

m) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources, that can be reliably estimated, will be required to settle such an obligation.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows to net present value using

an appropriate pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. Unwinding of the discount is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as a finance cost. Provisions are reviewed at each reporting date and are adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

A present obligation that arises from past events (

where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made, is disclosed as a contingent liability. Contingent liabilities are also disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company.

Claims against the Company where the possibility of any outflow of resources in settlement is remote, are not disclosed as contingent liabilities.

Contingent assets are not recognised in financial statements since this may result in the recognition of income that may never be realised. However, when the realisation of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is not a contingent asset and is recognised. A contingent asset is disclosed, in financial statements, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

(n) Mines Restoration Provision:

An obligation for restoration, rehabilitation and environmental costs arises when environmental disturbance is caused by the development or ongoing extraction from mines. Costs arising from restoration at closure of the mines and other site preparation work are provided for based on their discounted net present value, with a corresponding amount being capitalised at the start of each project. The amount provided for is recognised, as soon as the obligation to incur such costs arises. These costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the life of the operation through the depreciation of the asset and the unwinding of the discount on the provision. The costs are reviewed periodically and are adjusted to reflect known developments which may have an impact on the cost or life of operations.

The cost of the related asset is adjusted for changes

(ii) Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive the income is established.

(iii) Interest income is recognised using the Effective Interest Method.

(p) Lease :

The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at the inception of the contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether

(i) the contract involves the use of identified asset;

(ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset through the period of lease and;

(iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

As a lessee

The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The ROU is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

Certain lease arrangements include the option to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. The right-of-use assets and lease liabilities include these options when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised.

The ROU is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the company’s incremental

borrowing rate. Generally, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprises fixed payments, including in-substance fixed payments, amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee and the exercise price under a purchase option that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, lease payments in an optional renewal period if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option.

The lease liability is subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, except those which are payable other than functional currency which is measured at fair value through profit or loss. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the company’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option.

When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the ROU, or is recorded in Statement of Profit or Loss if the carrying amount of the ROU has been reduced to zero.

Lease Liabilities have been presented in ‘Other Financial Liabilities’ and the ‘ROU’ have been presented separately in the Balance Sheet. Lease payments have been classified as financing activities in the Statement of Cash Flows.

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company has elected not to recognise ROU and lease liabilities for short term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or lower and leases of low value assets. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense over the lease term. The related cash flows are classified as Operating activities in the Statement of Cash Flows.

As a lessor

When the Company is an intermediate lessor, it accounts for its interests in the head lease and the sublease separately. The sublease is classified as a

finance or operating lease by reference to the right of use asset arising from the head lease.

(q) Employee benefits:

Defined Benefit Plans:

For defined benefit plans, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method, with actuarial valuations being carried out by a qualified independent actuary at the end of each annual reporting period. Re-measurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), is reflected immediately in the Balance Sheet with a charge or credit recognised in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) in the period in which they occur. Past service cost, both vested and unvested, is recognised as an expense on the plan amendment or when the curtailment or settlement occurs. The gain or loss on curtailment or settlement, is recognized immediately in the profit or loss account when the plan amendment or when a curtailment or settlement occurs.

The retirement benefit obligations recognised in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligations reduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the scheme. The Company provides benefits such as gratuity, pension and provident fund to its employees which are treated as defined benefit plans.

Defined contribution plans:

Contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as expense when employees have rendered services entitling them to such benefits. The Company provides benefits such as superannuation, provident fund (other than Company managed fund) to its employees which are treated as defined contribution plans.

Gratuity

The gratuity, a defined benefit plan, payable to the employees is the based on the Employees’ service and last drawn salary at the time of the leaving of the

services of the Company and is in accordance with the Rules of the Company for payment of Gratuity. Past service cost is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of a plan amendment. Interest is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Defined benefit costs are categorised as follows:

service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements); net interest expense or income; and re-measurement

The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated using a discount rate which is determined by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds.

The defined benefit obligation recognised in the Balance Sheet represents the actual deficit or surplus in the Company’s defined benefit plans. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plans or reductions in future contributions to the plans.

Superannuation

Certain employees of the Company are eligible for participation in defined contribution plans such superannuation and national pension fund. Contributions towards these funds are recognized as an expense periodically based on the contribution by the Company, since Company has no further obligation beyond its periodic contribution.

Provident Fund

The eligible employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits in respect of provident fund, which is a defined benefit plan, for which both the employees and the Company make monthly contributions at a specified percentage of the covered employees’ salary. The contributions as specified under the law are made to the approved provident fund which is set up by the Company. The Company is liable for annual contributions and any shortfall in the fund assets based on the government specified minimum rates of return and recognises such contributions and

the cost of those assets when they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on those foreign currency borrowings;

• exchange differences relating to qualifying effective cash flow hedges and qualifying net investment hedges in foreign operations which are recognised in OCI.

(u) Investment in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures:

The Company’s investment in its subsidiaries, associates and Joint Ventures are carried at cost net of accumulated impairment loss, if any.

On disposal of the Investment, the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount is charged or credited to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(v) Financial Instruments:

A Financial Instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when a Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

Initial Recognition:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss and ancillary costs related to borrowings) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the tenure of the financial assets or financial liabilities.

Classification and Subsequent Measurement: Financial Assets

The Company classifies financial assets as subsequently measured at amortised cost, Fair Value

A liability is recognised for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave in the period the related service is rendered.

Liabilities recognised in respect of short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.

Liabilities recognised in respect of other long-term employee benefits are measured using the projected unit credit method by a qualified independent actuary at the end of each annual reporting period, at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date. With reference to some employees, liability of other fixed long-term employee benefits is recognised at the present value of the future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company.

Remeasurement gains / losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.

(r) Income Taxes:

Income Tax expenses comprise current tax and deferred tax charge or credit.

Current Tax is measured on the basis of estimated taxable income for the current accounting period in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences and deferred tax asset are recognised for deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax losses, carry forward of unused tax credits at the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to the taxable temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Tax relating to items recognised directly in equity or OCI is recognised in equity or OCI and not in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) Credits are in the

form of unused tax credits that are carried forward by the Company for a specified period of time, hence it is grouped with Deferred Tax Asset. MAT is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities; and the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority.

A deferred tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized except:

a) When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and

b) In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.

Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognised / reduced to the extent that it is probable / no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realised.

The Government of India, on September 20, 2019, vide the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Ordinance 2019, inserted a new Section 115BAA in the Income Tax Act, 1961, which provides an option to the Company for paying Income Tax at reduced rates as per the provisions/conditions defined in the said section. The Company is continuing with higher income tax rate

option, based on the available outstanding MAT credit entitlement and different exemptions and deduction enjoyed by the Company. However, the Company has estimated and applied the lower income tax rate on the deferred tax assets / liabilities to the extent these are expected to be realized or settled in the future period when the Company may be subjected to lower tax rate.

(s) Earnings Per Share:

Basic Earnings Per Share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing the net profit / (loss) after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for treasury shares.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, net profit / (loss) after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders is divided by the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares and is adjusted for the treasury shares held by the Company to satisfy the exercise of the share options by the employees.

(t) Foreign Currency transactions:

Transactions in currencies other than the Company’s functional currency (i.e. foreign currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate as at the date of initial transactions.

Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise except for:

• exchange differences on foreign currency

borrowings relating to assets under construction for future productive use, which are included in

through Other Comprehensive Income (“FVOCI”) or Fair Value through Profit or Loss (“FVTPL”) on the basis of following:

• the entity’s business model for managing the financial assets and

• the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

Amortised Cost:

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:

• the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and

• the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

In case of financial assets classified and measured at amortised cost, any interest income, foreign exchange gains or losses and impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Fair Value through OCI:

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at fair value through OCI if both of the following conditions are met:

• the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and

• the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Fair Value through Profit or Loss:

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through OCI.

All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortised cost

or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets.

For financial assets at FVTPL, net gains or losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Classification and Subsequent Measurement: Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified as either financial liabilities at FVTPL or ‘other financial liabilities’.

Financial Liabilities at FVTPL:

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is held for trading or is a derivative (except for effective hedge) or are designated upon initial recognition as FVTPL:

Gains or Losses, including any interest expense on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Other Financial Liabilities:

Other financial liabilities (including borrowings and trade and other payables) are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the amortised cost on initial recognition.

Interest expense (based on the effective interest method), foreign exchange gains and losses, and any gain or loss on derecognition is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Impairment of financial assets:

Expected credit losses are recognized for all financial assets subsequent to initial recognition other than financials assets in FVTPL category. For financial assets other than trade receivables, as per Ind AS 109, the Company recognises 12 month expected credit losses for all originated or acquired financial

assets if at the reporting date the credit risk of the financial asset has not increased significantly since its initial recognition. The expected credit losses are measured as lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on financial asset increases significantly since its initial recognition.

The Company’s trade receivables do not contain significant financing component and as per simplified approach, loss allowances on trade receivables are measured using provision matrix at an amount equal to life time expected losses i.e. expected cash shortfall.

The impairment losses and reversals are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities:

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay.

If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises an associated liability for amounts it has to pay.

On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The Company de-recognises financial liabilities when and only when, the Company’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability de-recognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Financial Guarantee Contract Liabilities

Financial Guarantee Contract Liabilities are disclosed in financial statements in accordance with Ind AS 37 - Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets.

(w) Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents in the Balance Sheet comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term deposits with banks that are readily convertible into cash which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value and are held for the purpose of meeting short-term cash commitments.

(x) Financial liabilities and equity instruments:

• Classification as debt or equity

Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

• Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities.

Equity instruments issued by a Company are recognised at the proceeds received.

(y) Derivative financial instruments:

The Company enters into derivative financial instruments viz. foreign exchange forward contracts, interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps to manage its exposure to interest rate, foreign exchange rate risks and commodity prices. The Company does not hold derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value at the date the derivative contracts are entered into and are subsequently remeasured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss immediately excluding derivatives designated as cashflow hedge.

Goodwill is measured as the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount recognised for non-controlling interests, and any previous interest held, over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Such goodwill is tested annually for impairment. If the fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the aggregate consideration transferred, the excess is termed as bargain purchase.

In case of a bargain purchase, before recognizing a gain in respect thereof, the Company determines whether there exists clear evidence of the underlying reasons for classifying the business combination as a bargain purchase thereafter, the Company reassesses whether it has correctly identified all the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and recognises any additional assets or liabilities that are so identified, any gain thereafter is recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity as Capital Reserve. If there does not exist clear evidence of the underlying reasons for classifying the Business combination as a bargain purchase, the Company recognises the gain, after reassessing and reviewing, directly in equity as Capital Reserve.

Contingent consideration is classified either as equity or financial liability. Amount classified as financial liability are subsequently re-measured to fair value with changes in fair value recognised in statement of profit and loss.

Note 1(C) Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty:

The preparation of the Company’s financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

(a) Critical judgments in applying accounting policies:

In the process of applying the Company’s accounting policies, management has made the following

(z) Hedge accounting:

The Company designates certain hedging instruments in respect of foreign currency risk, interest rate risk and commodity price risk as cash flow hedges. At the inception of the hedge relationship, the entity documents the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item, along with its risk management objectives and its strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. Furthermore, at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, the Company documents whether the hedging instrument is highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of the designated portion of derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges is recognised in OCI and accumulated under equity. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

Amounts previously recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity relating to effective portion as described above are reclassified to Statement of Profit and Loss in the periods when the hedged item affects the Statement of Profit or Loss, in the same line as the recognised hedged item. However, when the hedged forecast transaction results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or a non-financial liability, such gains and losses are transferred from equity and included in the initial measurement of the cost of the non-financial asset or non-financial liability.

Hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. Any gain or loss recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognised when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognised the Statement of Profit and Loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(aa) Segment Reporting - Identification of Segments:

An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from

which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) to make decisions for which discrete financial information is available. Based on the management approach as defined in Ind AS 108, the CODM evaluates the Company’s performance and allocates resources based on an analysis of various performance indicators by business segments and geographic segments.

(bb) Cash Flow Statement:

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby the net profit before tax is ad


Mar 31, 2019

Note 1 (A) Company Overview and Significant Accounting Policies: Company Overview

Ultra Tech Cement Limited ("the Company") is a Public Limited Company incorporated in India having its registered office at Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The Company is engaged in the manufacture and sale of Cement and Cement related products.

Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Statement of Compliance:

These standalone financial statements (hereinafter referred to as "financial statements") are prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards ("Ind AS") as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act"), amendments thereto and other relevant provisions of the Act and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India ("SEBI"), as applicable.

The financial statements were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors of the Company at their meeting held on April 24, 2019.

(b) Basis of Preparation and Presentation: Basis of Preparation

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities:

(i) Derivative Financial Instruments measured at fair value

(ii) Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments)

(iii) Assets held for disposal - measured at the lower of its carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell

(iv) Employee''s Defined Benefit Plan as per actuarial valuation.

(v) Assets and liabilities acquired under Business Combination measured at fair value; and

(vi) Employee share based payments measured at fair value.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In determining the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.

Functional and Presentation Currency

(i) The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is the functional currency of the Company and the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.

(ii) Figures less than Rs 50,000 have been shown at actual, whenever statutorily required to be disclosed, all other figures have been rounded off to the nearest Rs in lakhs, unless otherwise stated.

Classification of Assets and Liabilities into Current/Non-Current

The Company has ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of Current / Non-Current classification of its Assets and Liabilities.

For the purpose of Balance Sheet, an asset is classified as current if:

(i) It is expected to be realised, or is intended to be sold or consumed, in the normal operating cycle; or

(ii) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading; or

(iii) It is expected to realise the asset within twelve months after the reporting period; or

(iv) The asset is a cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

Similarly, a liability is classified as current if:

(i) It is expected to be settled in the normal operating cycle; or

(ii) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading; or

(iii) It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period; or

(iv) The Company does not have an unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. Terms of a liability that could result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments at the option of the counterparty does not affect this classification.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

(c) Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE):

The initial cost of PPE comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, and any directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to working condition and location for its intended use, including relevant borrowing costs and any expected costs of decommissioning.

Subsequent costs are included in the assets''s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance cost are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during the period in which they were incurred.

If significant parts of an item of PPE have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of PPE.

Material items such as spare parts, stand-by equipment and service equipment are classified as PPE when they meet the definition of PPE as specified in Ind AS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(d) Expenditure during construction period:

Expenditure/Income during construction period (including financing cost related to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of qualifying PPE) is included under Capital Work-in-Progress, and the same is allocated to the respective PPE on the completion of their construction. Advances given towards acquisition or construction of PPE outstanding at each reporting date are disclosed as Capital Advances under "Other non-current Assets".

(e) Depreciation:

Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of PPE over its useful life and is provided on a straight-line basis over the useful lives as prescribed in Schedule II to the Act or as per technical assessment. Freehold Land with indefinite life is not depreciated.

Depreciable amount for PPE is the cost of PPE less its estimated residual value. The useful life of PPE is the period over which PPE is expected to be available for use by the Company, or the number of production or similar units expected to be obtained from the asset by the Company.

In case of certain classes of PPE, the Company uses different useful lives than those prescribed in Schedule II to the Act. The useful lives have been assessed based on technical advice, taking into account the nature of the PPE and the estimated usage of the asset on the basis of management''s best estimation of obtaining economic benefits from those classes of assets.

Such classes of assets and their estimated useful lives are as under:

No

Nature

Estimated Useful life

1

Buildings

3-60 Years

2

Plant & machinery

8-30 Years

3

Leasehold Land

Over the lease agreement

4

Office Equipment

4-7 Years

5

Furniture and Fixtures

7-12 Years

6

Mobile Phones

3 Years

7

Company Vehicles (other than those provided to the employees)

5-12 Years

8

Motor Cars given to the employees as per the Company''s Scheme

4-5 Years

9

Servers and Networks

3 Years

10

Stores and Spares in the nature of PPE

10-30 Years

11

Assets individually costing less than or equal to Rs.10,000

Fully Depreciated in the year of purchase

Depreciation on additions is provided on a pro-rata basis from the month of installation or acquisition and in case of Projects from the date of commencement of commercial production. Depreciation on deductions/disposals is provided on a pro-rata basis up to the month preceding the month of deduction/disposal.

(f) Intangible Assets and Amortisation:

• Internally generated Intangible Assets:

Expenditure pertaining to research is expensed out as and when incurred. Expenditure incurred on development is capitalised if such expenditure leads to creation of an asset, otherwise such expenditure is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

• Intangible Assets acquired separately:

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment, if any. The Company determines the amortisation period as the period over which the future economic benefits will flow to the Company after taking into account all relevant facts and circumstances. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed periodically, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

• Class of intangible assets and their estimated useful lives / basis of amortisation are as under:

No

Nature

Estimated Useful life / Basis of amortisation

1

Jetty Rights

Over the period of the relevant agreement such that the cumulative amortisation is not less than the cumulative rebate availed by the Company.

2

Mining Rights

Over the period of the respective mining agreement

3

Mining Reserve

On the basis of mineral material extraction (proportion of mineral material extracted per annum to total estimated mining reserve)

4

Software

3 Years

(g) Non-current assets (or disposal groups) classified as held for sale:

To classify any asset or disposal groups (comprising assets and liabilities) as "Asset / Disposal groups held for sale" they must be available for immediate sale and its sale must be highly probable. Such assets or group of assets / liabilities are presented separately in the Balance Sheet, in the line "Assets / Disposal groups held for sale" and "Liabilities included in disposal group held for sale" respectively. Once classified as held for sale, intangible assets and PPE are no longer amortised or depreciated.

Such assets or disposal groups held for sale are stated at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

(h) Impairment of Non-Financial Assets:

At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of non-financial assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss.

When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(i) Inventories:

Inventories are valued as follows:

• Raw materials, fuel, stores & spare parts and packing materials:

Valued at lower of cost and net realisable value (NRV). However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on weighted average basis which includes expenditure incurred for acquiring inventories like purchase price, import duties, taxes (net of tax credit) and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

• Work-in- progress (WIP), finished goods, stock-in-trade and trial run inventories:

Valued at lower of cost and NRV. Cost of Finished goods and WIP includes cost of raw materials, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost of inventories is computed on weighted average basis.

• Waste/Scrap:

Waste / Scrap inventory is valued at NRV.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(j) Employee Share based payments:

Equity- settled share-based payments to employees are measured at the fair value of the employee stock options at the grant date.

The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is amortised over the vesting period, based on the Company''s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity.

At the end of each reporting period, the Company revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss such that the cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to the equity-settled employee benefits reserve.

For Stock Appreciation Rights ("SARs") which are cash-settled share-based payments, the fair value of liability is recognised for the services acquired over the period that the employees unconditionally become entitled to the payment. At the end of each reporting period until the liability is settled, and at the date of settlement, the liability is re-measured based on the fair value of the SAR''s and any changes in fair value of the liability are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(k) Borrowing Costs:

General and specific borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use and borrowing costs are being incurred. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

Borrowing cost includes interest expense, amortization of discounts, hedge related cost incurred in connection with foreign currency borrowings, ancillary costs incurred in connection with borrowing of funds and exchange difference arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the Interest cost.

(I) Government Grants:

Government grants, related to assets, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Company recognises the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.

Government grants related to income under state Investment Promotion Scheme linked with VAT/GST payment, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they become receivable.

Government grants are not recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them and that the grants will be received.

The benefit of a government loan at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant, measured as the difference between proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market interest rates and is being recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(m) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources, that can be reliably estimated, will be required to settle such an obligation.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows to net present value using an appropriate pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. Unwinding of the discount is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as a finance cost. Provisions are reviewed at each reporting date and are adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

A present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made, is disclosed as a contingent liability. Contingent liabilities are also disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company.

Claims against the Company where the possibility of any outflow of resources in settlement is remote, are not disclosed as contingent liabilities.

Contingent assets are not recognised or disclosed in financial statements since this may result in the recognition of income that may never be realised. However, when the realisation of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is not a contingent asset and is recognised.

(n) Mines Restoration Provision:

An obligation for restoration, rehabilitation and environmental costs arises when environmental disturbance is caused by the development or ongoing extraction from mines. Costs arising from restoration at closure of the mines and other site preparation work are provided for based on their discounted net present value, with a corresponding amount being capitalised at the start of each project. The amount provided for is recognised, as soon as the obligation to incur such costs arises. These costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the life of the operation through the depreciation of the asset and the unwinding of the discount on the provision. The costs are reviewed periodically and are adjusted to reflect known developments which may have an impact on the cost or life of operations. The cost of the related asset is adjusted for changes in the provision due to factors such as updated cost estimates, new disturbance and revisions to discount rates. The adjusted cost of the asset is depreciated prospectively over the lives of the assets to which they relate. The unwinding of the discount is shown as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(o) Revenue Recognition:

(i) Revenue from Contracts with Customers

• Revenue is recognized on the basis of approved contracts regarding the transfer of goods or services to a customer for an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

• Revenue is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable taking into account the amount of discounts, incentives, volume rebates, outgoing taxes on sales. Any amounts receivable from the customer are recognised as revenue after the control over the goods sold are transferred to the customer which is generally on dispatch/delivery of goods.

• Variable consideration - This includes incentives, volume rebates, discounts etc. It is estimated at contract inception considering the terms of various schemes with customers and constrained until it is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised

will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. It is reassessed at end of each reporting period.

• Significant financing component - Generally the Company receives short-term advances from its customers. Using the practical expedient in Ind AS 115, the Company does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if it expects, at contract inception, that the period between the transfer of the promised good or service to the customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less.

(ii) Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive the income is established, (iii) Interest income is recognised using the Effective Interest Method.

(p) Lease :

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as Operating Leases.

Operating Lease: Lease rentals are charged or recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term, except where the payment are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increase.

Finance Lease: Assets held under finance leases are recognised as assets of the Company at their fair value at the inception of the lease or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability to the lessor is included in the Balance Sheet as a finance lease obligation. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease obligation so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalised in accordance with the Company''s policy on borrowing costs.

(q) Employee benefits: Gratuity

The gratuity, a defined benefit plan, payable to the employees is based on the Employees'' service and last drawn salary at the time of the leaving of the services of the Company and is in accordance with the Rules of the Company for payment of Gratuity. Liability with regards to gratuity plan is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out by a qualified independent actuary at the end of each annual reporting period. Re-measurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), is reflected immediately in the Balance Sheet with a charge or credit recognised in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) in the period in which they occur. Re-measurement recognised in OCI is reflected immediately in retained earnings and will not be reclassified to Statement of Profit and Loss. Past service cost is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of a plan amendment. Interest is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Defined benefit costs are categorised as follows:

• service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements);

• net interest expense or income; and

• re-measurement

The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated using a discount rate which is determined by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds.

The defined benefit obligation recognised in the Balance Sheet represents the actual deficit or surplus in the Company''s defined benefit plans. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plans or reductions in future contributions to the plans.

Superannuation

Certain employees of the Company are eligible for participation in defined contribution plans such as superannuation and national pension fund. Contributions towards these funds are recognized as an expense periodically based on the contribution by the Company since Company has no further obligation beyond its periodic contribution.

Provident Fund

The eligible employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits in respect of provident fund, which is a defined benefit plan, for which both the employees and the Company make monthly contributions at a specified percentage of the covered employees'' salary. The contributions as specified under the law are made to the approved provident fund which is set up by the Company. The Company is liable for annual contributions and any shortfall in the fund assets based on the government specified minimum rates of return and recognises such contributions and shortfall, if any, as an expense in the year incurred.

Other employee benefits

A liability is recognised for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave in the period the related service is rendered.

Liabilities recognised in respect of short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.

Liabilities recognised in respect of other long-term employee benefits are measured using the projected unit credit method by a qualified independent actuary at the end of each annual reporting period, at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date. Re-measurement gains / losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.

(r) Income Taxes:

Income Tax expenses comprise current tax and deferred tax charge or credit.

Current Tax is measured on the basis of estimated taxable income for the current accounting period in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws.

Deferred tax is recognised, on all temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to the temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Tax relating to items recognised directly in equity or OCI is recognised in equity or OCI and not in the Statement of Profit and Loss. MAT Credits are in the form of unused tax credits that are carried forward by the Company for a specified period of time, hence it is grouped with Deferred Tax Asset. MAT is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities; and the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority.

A deferred tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilised. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognised / reduced to the extent that it is probable / no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realised.

(s) Earnings Per Share:

Basic Earnings Per Share ("EPS") is computed by dividing the net profit / (loss) aftertax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for treasury shares.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, net profit / (loss) after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders is divided by the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares and is adjusted for the treasury shares held by the Company to satisfy the exercise of the share options by the employees.

(t) Foreign Currency transactions:

Transactions in currencies other than the Company''s functional currency (i.e. foreign currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate as at the date of initial transactions.

Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise except for:

• exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings relating to assets under construction for future productive use, which are included in the cost of those assets when they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on those foreign currency borrowings;

• exchange differences relating to qualifying effective cash flow hedges and qualifying net investment hedges in foreign operations which are recognised in OCI.

(u) Investment in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures:

The Company''s investment in its subsidiaries, associates and Joint Ventures are carried at cost net of accumulated impairment, if any.

On disposal of the Investment, the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount is charged or credited to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(v) Financial Instruments:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when a Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

Initial Recognition:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss and ancillary costs related to borrowings) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the tenure of the financial assets or financial liabilities.

Classification and Subsequent Measurement: Financial Assets

The Company classifies financial assets as subsequently measured at amortised cost, Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income ("FVOCI") or Fair Value through Profit or Loss ("FVTPL") on the basis of following:

• the entity''s business model for managing the financial assets and

• the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

Amortised Cost:

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:

• the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and

• the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

In case of financial assets classified and measured at amortised cost, any interest income, foreign exchange gains or losses and impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Fair Value through OCI:

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at fair value through OCI if both of the following conditions are met:

• the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and

• the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Fair Value through Profit or Loss:

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through OCI.

All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either a mortised cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets.

For financial assets at FVTPL, net gains or losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Classification and Subsequent Measurement: Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified as either financial liabilities at FVTPL or ''other financial liabilities''.

Financial Liabilities at FVTPL:

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is held for trading or is a derivative (except for effective hedge) or are designated upon initial recognition as FVTPL.

Gains or Losses, including any interest expense on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Other Financial Liabilities:

Other financial liabilities (including borrowings and trade and other payables) are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the amortised cost on initial recognition.

Interest expense (based on the effective interest method), foreign exchange gains and losses, and any gain or loss on derecognition is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Impairment of financial assets:

Expected credit losses are recognized for aII financial assets subsequent to initial recognition other than financial assets in FVTPL category. For financial assets other than trade receivables, as per Ind AS 109, the Company recognises 12 month expected credit losses for aII originated or acquired financial assets if at the reporting date the credit risk of the financial asset has not increased significantly since its initial recognition. The expected credit losses are measured as lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on financial asset increases significantly since its initial recognition.

The Company''s trade receivables do not contain significant financing component and as per simplified approach, loss allowances on trade receivables are measured using provision matrix at an amount equal to life time expected losses i.e. expected cash shortfall.

The impairment losses and reversals are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities:

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises an associated liability for amounts it has to pay.

On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between the asset''s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The Company de-recognises financial liabilities when and only when, the Company''s obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability de-recognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Financial Guarantee Contract Liabilities:

Financial Guarantee Contract Liabilities are disclosed in financial statements in accordance with Ind AS 37 -Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets.

(w) Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents in the Balance Sheet comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term deposits with banks that are readily convertible into cash which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value and are held for the purpose of meeting short-term cash commitments.

(x) Financial liabilities and equity instruments: • Classification as debt or equity

Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity

in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

• Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by a Company are recognised at the proceeds received.

(y) Derivative financial instruments:

The Company enters into derivative financial instruments viz. foreign exchange forward contracts, interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps to manage its exposure to interest rate, foreign exchange rate risks and commodity prices. The Company does not hold derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value at the date the derivative contracts are entered into and are subsequently remeasured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss immediately excluding derivatives designated as cashflow hedge.

(z) Hedge accounting:

The Company designates certain hedging instruments in respect of foreign currency risk, interest rate risk and commodity price risk as cash flow hedges. At the inception of the hedge relationship, the entity documents the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item, along with its risk management objectives and its strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. Further more, at the incept ion of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, the Company documents whether the hedging instrument is highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of the designated portion of derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges is recognised in OCI and accumulated under equity. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

Amounts previously recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity relating to effective portion as described above are redassified to Statement of Profit and Loss in the periods when the hedged item affects the Statement of Profit or Loss, in the same line as the recognised hedged item. However, when the hedged forecast transaction results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or a non-financial liability, such gains and losses are transferred from equity and included in the initial measurement of the cost of the non-financial asset or non-financial liability.

Hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. Any gain or loss recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognised when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(aa) Segment Reporting - Identification of Segments:

An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the company''s Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") to make decisions for which discrete financial information is available. Based on the management approach as defined in Ind AS 108, the CODM evaluates the Company''s performance and allocates resources based on an analysis of various performance indicators by business segments and geographic segments.

(bb) Business Combination:

The Company applies the acquisition method in accounting for business combinations. The consideration transferred by the Company to obtain control of a business is calculated as the sum of the fair values of assets

transferred, liabilities incurred and the equity interests issued by the Company as at the acquisition date i.e. date on which it obtains control of the acquiree which includes the fair value of any asset or liability arising from a contingent consideration arrangement. Acquisition-related costs are recognised in the statement of profit and loss as incurred, except to the extent related to the issue of debt or equity securities.

Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values on acquisition-date.

Intangible Assets acquired in a Business Combination and recognised separately from Goodwill are initially recognised at their fair value at the acquisition date (which is regarded as their cost).

Subsequent to initial recognition, intangible assets acquired in a Business Combination are reported at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets that are acquired separately.

Goodwill is measured as the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount recognised for non-controlling interests, and any previous interest held, over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Such goodwill is tested annually for impairment. If the fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the aggregate consideration transferred, the excess is termed as bargain purchase.

In case of a bargain purchase, before recognizing a gain in respect thereof, the Company determines whether there exists clear evidence of the underlying reasons for classifying the business combination as a bargain purchase thereafter, the Company reassesses whether it has correctly identified all the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and recognises any additional assets or liabilities that are so identified, any gain thereafter is recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity as Capital Reserve. If there does not exist clear evidence of the underlying reasons for classifying the Business combination as a bargain purchase, the Company recognises the gain, after reassessing and reviewing, directly in equity as Capital Reserve.

Contingent consideration is classified either as equity or financial liability. Amount classified as financial liability are subsequently re-measured to fair value with changes in fair value recognised in statement of profit and loss.

Note 1 (B) Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty:

The preparation of the Company''s financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

(a) Criticaljudgments in applying accounting policies:

In the process of applying the Company''s accounting policies, management has made the following judgments, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the standalone financial statements.

Classification of Madanpur (North) Coal Company Limited as Investment in an Associate:

A Joint Venture Company (JV) "Madanpur (North) Coal Company Limited" was formed by allocatees of Madanpur North Coal Block. As per Ind AS 111, when all the parties, or a group of parties, considered collectively, are able to direct the activities that significantly affect the returns of the arrangement (i.e. the relevant activities), the parties control the arrangement collectively. Also, joint control exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of all the parties. In terms of the JV agreement between the parties, each JV partner has right to nominate one director on the board of JV and major decisions shall be taken by a majority of 75% of the directors present. Since there is no unanimous consent required from the parties, in the judgement of the management the Company does not have joint control over the JV. However, considering the Company''s representation in the board and the extent of its ability to exercise the influence over the decision over the relevant activities, the JV has been considered as an associate and accounted under the equity method.

(b) Key assumptions:

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

(i) Useful Lives of Property, Plant & Equipment and Intangible Assets:

The Company uses its technical expertise along with historical and industry trends for determining the economic life of an asset/component of an asset. The useful lives are reviewed by management periodically and revised, if appropriate. In case of a revision, the unamortised depreciable amount is charged over the remaining useful life of the assets. In case of certain mining rights the amortisation is based on the extracted quantity to the total mineral reserve.

(ii) Fair value measurement of financial instruments:

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the Discounted Cash Flow model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility.

(iii) Defined benefit plans:

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan, provident fund and other post-employment medical benefits and the present value of the gratuity and provident fund obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

(iv) Mines Restoration Obligation:

In determining the fair value of the Mines Restoration Obligation, assumptions and estimates are made in relation to discount rates, the expected cost of mines restoration and the expected timing of those costs.

(v) Share-based payments:

The Company measures the cost of equity-settled transactions with employees using Black-Scholes model and cash settled transactions with employees using Binomial Tree model to determine the fair value of the liability incurred on the grant date. Estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions requires determination of the most appropriate valuation model, which is dependent on the terms and conditions of the grant.

This estimate also requires determination of the most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share option, volatility and dividend yield and making assumptions about them.

The assumptions and models used for estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions are disclosed in Note 45.

(vi) Business Combination:

(a) Fair Valuation of Intangibles:

The Company has used royalty saved method for value analysis of limestone mining rights. The method estimates the value of future savings in royalty payments over the life of the mine accruing to the Company, by virtue of the transaction instead of obtaining the mining rights via the Government e-auction process.

The resulting post-tax cash flows for each of the years are recognised at their present value using a Weighted Average Cost of Capital (''WACO'') relating to the risk of achieving the mine''s projected savings.

(b) Fair Valuation of Tangibles:

Freehold land:

Freehold land was valued using the sales comparison method using prevailing rates of similar plots of land, circle rates provided by department of revenue and general market intelligence based on the size of land parcel.

Leasehold land:

Leasehold land was valued basis the leasehold interest for the remaining duration of the lease.

Other Assets:

The cost approach has been adopted for fair valuing all the assets except vehicles which have been measured at the old book values less depreciation.

The cost approach includes calculation of depreciated replacement cost using price trends applied to historical cost and capitalisation of all the indirect cost, these trends are on the basis of price indices obtained from recognized sources such as the RBI/OEA or market intelligence. In the case of buildings in cement plants, appropriate weightages have been applied to cement, iron & steel and labour indices to arrive at the escalation factor and depreciating the same for past usage based on estimated total and remaining useful life of the asset.


Mar 31, 2018

notes to standalone financial statements

NoTE 1(A): company overview and significant accounting Policies: company overview

UltraTech Cement Limited (the Company) is a Public Limited Company incorporated in India having its registered office at Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The Company is engaged in the manufacturing and selling of Cement and Cement related products.

significant accounting Policies (a) statement of compliance:

These standalone financial statements (hereinafter referred to as "financial statements” in the standalone financial statements) are prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards ("Ind AS”) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act''''), other relevant provisions of the Act and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), as applicable.

The financial statements are authorized for issue by the Board of Directors of the Company at their meeting held on April 25, 2018.

(b) Basis of Preparation and Presentation: Basis of Preparation

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities:

i) Derivative Financial Instruments measured at fair value

ii) Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments)

iii) Assets held for disposal - measured at the lower of its carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell

iv) Employee''s Defined Benefit Plan as per actuarial valuation; and

v) Assets and liabilities acquired under Business Combination measured at fair value.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In determining the fair value of an asset or a liability the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.

functional and Presentation currency

i) The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is the functional currency of the Company and the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.

ii) Figures less than I 50,000 have been shown at actual, wherever statutorily required to be disclosed, all other figures have been rounded off to the nearest I in lakhs, unless otherwise stated.

classification of assets and Liabilities into current/non-current

The Company has ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of Current / Non-Current classification of its Assets and Liabilities.

For the purpose of Balance Sheet, an asset is classified as current if:

i) It is expected to be realized, or is intended to be sold or consumed, in the normal operating cycle; or

ii) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading; or

iii) It is expected to realize the asset within twelve months after the reporting period; or

iv) The asset is a cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

Similarly a liability is classified as current if:

i) It is expected to be settled in the normal operating cycle; or

ii) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading; or

iii) It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period; or

iv) The Company does not have an unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. Terms of a liability that could result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments at the option of the counterparty does not affect this classification.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

(c) Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE):

The initial cost of PPE comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, and any directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to working condition and location for its intended use, including relevant borrowing costs and any expected costs of decommissioning, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Expenditure incurred after the PPE have been put into operation, such as repairs and maintenance, are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the costs are incurred.

If significant parts of an item of PPE have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of PPE.

Material items such as spare parts, stand-by equipment and service equipment are classified as PPE when they meet the definition of PPE as specified in Ind AS 16 - Property Plant and Equipment.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property plant and equipment is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(d) Expenditure during construction period:

Expenditure/ Income during construction period (including financing cost related to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of qualifying PPE) is included under Capital Work-in-Progress, and the same is allocated to the respective PPE on the completion of their construction. Advances given towards acquisition or construction of PPE outstanding at each reporting date are disclosed as Capital Advances under “Other non-current Assets".

(e) Depreciation:

Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of PPE over its useful life and is provided on a straight-line basis over the useful lives as prescribed in Schedule II to the Act or as per technical assessment. Freehold Land with indefinite life is not depreciated.

Depreciable amount for PPE is the cost of PPE less its estimated residual value. The useful life of PPE is the period over which PPE is expected to be available for use by the Company or the number of production or similar units expected to be obtained from the asset by the Company.

In case of certain classes of PPE, the Company uses different useful lives than those prescribed in Schedule II to the Act. The useful lives have been assessed based on technical advice, taking into account the nature of the PPE and the estimated usage of the asset on the basis of management''s best estimation of obtaining economic benefits from those classes of assets.

(f) Intangible Assets and Amortization:

- Internally generated Intangible Assets:

Expenditure pertaining to research is expensed out as and when incurred. Expenditure incurred on development is capitalized if such expenditure leads to creation of an asset, otherwise such expenditure is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

- Intangible Assets acquired separately:

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment, if any. The Company determines the amortization period as the period over which the future economic benefits will flow to the Company after taking into account all relevant facts and circumstances. The estimated useful life and amortization method are reviewed periodically with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

(g) non-current assets (or disposal groups) classified as held for disposal:

Assets are classified as held for disposal and stated at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

To classify any Asset as "Asset held for disposal” the asset must be available for immediate sale and its sale must be highly probable. Such assets or group of assets are presented separately in the Balance Sheet, in the line "Assets held for disposal”. Once classified as held for disposal, intangible assets and PPE are no longer amortized or depreciated.

(h) Impairment of non-financial assets:

At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of non-financial assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognized immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.

(i) Inventories:

Inventories are valued as follows:

- raw materials, fuel, stores & spare parts and packing materials:

Valued at lower of cost and net realizable value (NRV). However, these items are considered to be realizable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on weighted average basis which includes expenditure incurred for acquiring inventories like purchase price, import duties, taxes (net of tax credit) and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

- work-in- progress (wIP), finished goods, stock-in-trade and trial run inventories:

Valued at lower of cost and NRV. Cost of Finished goods and WIP includes cost of raw materials, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost of inventories is computed on weighted average basis.

- Waste / Scrap:

Waste / Scrap inventory is valued at NRV.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(j) Employee Share based payments:

Equity- settled share-based payments to employees are measured at the fair value of the employee stock options at the grant date.

The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is amortized over the vesting period, based on the Company''s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity.

At the end of each reporting period, the Company revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss such that the cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to the equity-settled employee benefits reserve.

(k) Borrowing Costs:

General and specific borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use and borrowing costs are being incurred. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

Borrowing cost includes interest expense, amortization of discounts, hedge related cost incurred in connection with foreign currency borrowings, ancillary costs incurred in connection with borrowing of funds and exchange difference arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the Interest cost.

Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization.

(l) Government Grants:

Government grants, related to assets, are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Company recognizes the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.

Government grants related to income under State Investment Promotion Scheme linked with VAT / GST payment, are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they become receivable.

Government grants are not recognized until there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them and that the grants will be received.

The benefit of a government loan at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant, measured as the difference between proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market interest rates and is being recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(m) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources, that can be reliably estimated, will be required to settle such an obligation.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows to net present value using an appropriate pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. Unwinding of the discount is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as a finance cost. Provisions are reviewed at each reporting date and are adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

A present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made, is disclosed as a contingent liability. Contingent liabilities are also disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company.

Claims against the Company where the possibility of any outflow of resources in settlement is remote, are not disclosed as contingent liabilities.

Contingent assets are not recognized or disclosed in financial statements since this may result in the recognition of income that may never be realized. However, when the realization of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is not a contingent asset and is recognized.

(n) Mines Restoration Provision:

An obligation for restoration, rehabilitation and environmental costs arises when environmental disturbance is caused by the development or ongoing extraction from mines. Costs arising from restoration at closure of the mines and other site preparation work are provided for based on their discounted net present value, with a corresponding amount being capitalized at the start of each project. The amount provided for is recognized, as soon as the obligation to incur such costs arises. These costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the life of the operation through the depreciation of the asset and the unwinding of the discount on the provision. The costs are reviewed periodically and are adjusted to reflect known developments which may have an impact on the cost or life of operations. The cost of the related asset is adjusted for changes in the provision due to factors such as updated cost estimates, new disturbance and revisions to discount rates. The adjusted cost of the asset is depreciated prospectively over the lives of the assets to which they relate. The unwinding of the discount is shown as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(o) Revenue Recognition:

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount can be reliably measured.

- Revenue is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable taking into account the amount of discounts, volume rebates, outgoing taxes on sales and are recognized when all significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods sold are transferred.

- Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive the income is established.

- Difference between the sale price and carrying value of investment is recognized as profit or loss on sale / redemption on investment on trade date of transaction.

(p) Lease:

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as Operating Leases.

Operating Lease: Lease rentals are charged or recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term, except where the payment are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increase.

finance lease: Assets held under finance leases are recognized as assets of the Company at their fair value at the inception of the lease or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability to the less or is included in the Balance Sheet as a finance lease obligation. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease obligation so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalized in accordance with the Company''s policy on borrowing costs.

(q) employee benefits:

Gratuity

The gratuity, a defined benefit plan, payable to the employees is based on the employees'' service and last drawn salary at the time of the leasing of the services of the Company and is in accordance with the Rules of the Company for payment of Gratuity. Liability with regards to gratuity plan is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out by a qualified independent actuary at the end of each annual reporting period. Re-measurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), is reflected immediately in the Balance Sheet with a charge or credit recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) in the period in which they occur. Re-measurement recognized in OCI is reflected immediately in retained earnings and will not be reclassified to Statement of Profit and Loss. Past service cost is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of a plan amendment. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Defined benefit costs are categorized as follows:

- service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements);

- net interest expense or income; and

- re-measurement

The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated using a discount rate which is determined by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds.

The defined benefit obligation recognized in the Balance Sheet represents the actual deficit or surplus in the Company''s defined benefit plans. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plans or reductions in future contributions to the plans.

A liability for a termination benefit is recognized at the earlier of when the entity can no longer withdraw the offer of the termination benefit and when the entity recognizes any related restructuring costs.

superannuation

Certain employees of group is eligible for participation in defined contribution plans such as superannuation and national pension fund. Contributions towards these funds are recognized as an expense periodically based on the contribution by the group, since group has no further obligation beyond its periodic contribution.

Provident fund

The eligible employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits in respect of provident fund, which is a defined benefit plan, for which both the employees and the Company make monthly contributions at a specified percentage of the covered employees'' salary. The contributions as specified under the law are made to the approved provident fund which is set up by the Company. The Company is liable for annual contributions and any shortfall in the fund assets based on the government specified minimum rates of return and recognizes such contributions and shortfall, if any, as an expense in the year incurred.

Other employee benefits

A liability is recognized for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave in the period the related service is rendered.

Liabilities recognized in respect of short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.

Liabilities recognized in respect of other long-term employee benefits are measured using the projected unit credit method by a qualified independent actuary at the end of each annual reporting period, at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date. Remeasurement gains / losses are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.

(r) Income Taxes:

Income Tax expenses comprise current tax and deferred tax charge or credit.

Current Tax is measured on the basis of estimated taxable income for the current accounting period in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income-Tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws.

Deferred tax is provided, on all temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to the temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Tax relating to items recognized directly in equity or OCI is recognized in equity or OCI and not in the Statement of Profit and Loss. MAT Credits are in the form of unused tax credits that are carried forward by the Company for a specified period of time, hence it is grouped with Deferred Tax Asset. MAT is recognized as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.

A deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable.

(s) Earnings Per Share:

The basic Earnings Per Share (“EPS") is computed by dividing the net profit / (loss) after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, net profit / (loss) after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(t) Foreign Currency transactions:

Transactions in currencies other than the Company''s functional currency (i.e. foreign currencies) are recognized at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate as at the date of initial transactions.

Exchange differences on monetary items are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise except for:

- exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings relating to assets under construction for future productive use, which are included in the cost of those assets when they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on those foreign currency borrowings.

- exchange differences relating to qualifying effective cash flow hedges and qualifying net investment hedges in foreign operations which are recognized in OCI.

(u) Investment in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures:

The Company''s investment in its subsidiaries, associates and Joint Ventures are carried at cost.

(v) Financial Instruments:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when a Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

Initial Recognition:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss and ancillary costs related to borrowings) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are amortized over the tenor of the financial liability.

Classification and Subsequent Measurement: Financial Assets

The Company classifies financial assets as subsequently measured at amortized cost, Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (“FVOCI") or Fair Value through Profit or Loss (“FVTPL") on the basis of following:

- the entity''s business model for managing the financial assets and

- the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

Amortized Cost:

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at amortized cost if both of the following conditions are met:

- the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and

- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

In case of financial assets classified and measured at amortized cost, any interest income, foreign exchange gains or losses and impairment are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Fair Value through OCI:

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at fair value through OCI if both of the following conditions are met:

- the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and

- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

fair Value through Profit or Loss:

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortized cost or at fair value through OCI.

All recognized financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortized cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets.

For financial assets at FVTPL, net gains or losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

classification and subsequent Measurement: financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified as either financial liabilities at FVTPL or ''other financial liabilities''. financial liabilities at FVTPL:

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is held for trading or is a derivative (except for effective hedge) or are designated upon initial recognition as FVTPL.

Gains or Losses, including any interest expense on liabilities held for trading are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

other financial Liabilities:

Other financial liabilities (including borrowings and trade and other payables) are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the amortized cost on initial recognition.

Interest expense (based on the effective interest method), foreign exchange gains and losses, and any gain or loss on derecognition is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Impairment of financial assets:

Expected credit losses are recognized for all financial assets subsequent to initial recognition other than financials assets in FVTPL category. For financial assets other than trade receivables, as per Ind AS 109, the Company recognizes 12 month expected credit losses for all originated or acquired financial assets if at the reporting date the credit risk of the financial asset has not increased significantly since its initial recognition. The expected credit losses are measured as lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on financial asset increases significantly since its initial recognition.

The Company''s trade receivables do not contain significant financing component and as per simplified approach, loss allowances on trade receivables are measured using provision matrix at an amount equal to life time expected losses i.e. expected cash shortfall.

The impairment losses and reversals are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss. derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities:

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognizes its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognize the financial asset and also recognizes an associated liability for amounts it has to pay.

On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between the asset''s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognized in OCI and accumulated in equity is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The Company de-recognizes financial liabilities when and only when, the Company''s obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability de-recognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(w) Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents in the Balance Sheet comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term deposits with banks that are readily convertible into cash which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value and are held for the purpose of meeting short-term cash commitments.

(x) Financial liabilities and equity instruments:

- Classification as debt or equity

Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

- Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by a Company are recognized at the proceeds received.

(y) Derivative financial instruments:

The Company enters into derivative financial instruments viz. foreign exchange forward contracts, interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps to manage its exposure to interest rate, foreign exchange rate risks and commodity prices. The Company does not hold derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value at the date the derivative contracts are entered into and are subsequently remeasured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss immediately excluding derivatives designated as cash flow hedge.

(z) Hedge accounting:

The Company designates certain hedging instruments in respect of foreign currency risk, interest rate risk and commodity price risk as cash flow hedges. At the inception of the hedge relationship, the entity documents the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item, along with its risk management objectives and its strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. Furthermore, at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, the Company documents whether the hedging instrument is highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of the designated portion of derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges is recognized in OCI and accumulated under equity. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in profit or loss.

Amounts previously recognized in OCI and accumulated in equity relating to effective portion as described above are reclassified to profit or loss in the periods when the hedged item affects profit or loss, in the same line as

the recognized hedged item. However, when the hedged forecast transaction results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or a non-financial liability, such gains and losses are transferred from equity and included in the initial measurement of the cost of the non-financial asset or non-financial liability.

Hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. Any gain or loss recognized in OCI and accumulated in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognized when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognized in profit or loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is recognized immediately in profit or loss.

(aa) Segment Reporting - Identification of Segments:

An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the company''s chief operating decision maker to make decisions for which discrete financial information is available. Based on the management approach as defined in Ind AS 108, the chief operating decision maker evaluates the Company''s performance and allocates resources based on an analysis of various performance indicators by business segments and geographic segments.

(bb) Business Combination:

The Company applies the acquisition method in accounting for business combinations. The consideration transferred by the Company to obtain control of a business is calculated as the sum of the fair values of assets transferred, liabilities incurred and the equity interests issued by the Company as at the acquisition date i.e. date on which it obtains control of the acquiree which includes the fair value of any asset or liability arising from a contingent consideration arrangement. Acquisition-related costs are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred, except to the extent related to the issue of debt or equity securities.

Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values on acquisition-date.

Intangible Assets acquired in a Business Combination and recognized separately from Goodwill are initially recognized at their fair value at the acquisition date (which is regarded as their cost).

Subsequent to initial recognition, intangible assets acquired in a Business Combination are reported at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets that are acquired separately.

Goodwill is measured as the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount recognized for non-controlling interests, and any previous interest held, over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If the fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the aggregate consideration transferred, the excess is termed as Bargain Purchase.

In case of a Bargain Purchase, before recognizing a gain in respect thereof, the Company determines whether there exists clear evidence of the underlying reasons for classifying the business combination as a bargain purchase thereafter, the Company reassesses whether it has correctly identified all the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and recognizes any additional assets or liabilities that are so identified, any gain thereafter is recognized in OCI and accumulated in equity as Capital Reserve. If there does not exist clear evidence of the underlying reasons for classifying the Business combination as a bargain purchase, the Company recognises the gain, after reassessing and reviewing, directly in equity as Capital Reserve.

Contingent consideration is classified either as equity or financial liability. Amount classified as financial liability are subsequently re-measured to fair value with changes in fair value recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss.

NoTE 1(B): critical accounting Judgments and Key sources of estimation Uncertainty:

The preparation of the Company''s financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

(a) critical judgments in applying accounting policies:

In the process of applying the Company''s accounting policies, management has made the following judgments, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the standalone financial statements.

classification of madanpur (north) coal company limited as Investment in an associate:

A Joint Venture Company (JV) "Madanpur (North) Coal Company Limited” was formed by allocatees of Madanpur North Coal Block. As per Ind AS 111, when all the parties, or a group of parties, considered collectively, are able to direct the activities that significantly affect the returns of the arrangement (i.e. the relevant activities), the parties control the arrangement collectively. Also, joint control exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of all the parties. In terms of the JV agreement between the parties, each JV partner has right to nominate one director on the board of JV and major decisions shall be taken by a majority of 75% of the directors present. Since there is no unanimous consent required from the parties, in the judgment of the management the Company does not have joint control over the JV. However, considering the Company''s representation in the board and the extent of its ability to exercise the influence over the decision over the relevant activities, the JV has been considered as an associate and accounted under the equity method.

(b) Key assumptions:

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

i) Useful lives of Property, Plant & equipment:

The Company uses its technical expertise along with historical and industry trends for determining the economic life of an asset/component of an asset. The useful lives are reviewed by management periodically and revised, if appropriate. In case of a revision, the unamortised depreciable amount is charged over the remaining useful life of the assets. In case of certain mining rights the amortization is based on the extracted quantity to the total mineral reserve.

ii) fair value measurement of financial instruments:

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the Discounted Cash Flow model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgment is required in establishing fair values. Judgments include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility.

iii) defined benefit plans:

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan, provident fund and other post-employment medical benefits and the present value of the gratuity and provident fund obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An

actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

iv) Mines Restoration Obligation:

In determining the fair value of the Mines Restoration Obligation, assumptions and estimates are made in relation to discount rates, the expected cost of mines restoration and the expected timing of those costs.

v) Share-based payments:

The Company measures the cost of equity-settled transactions with employees using Black-Scholes model to determine the fair value of the liability incurred on the grant date. Estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions requires determination of the most appropriate valuation model, which is dependent on the terms and conditions of the grant.

This estimate also requires determination of the most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share option, volatility and dividend yield and making assumptions about them.

The assumptions and models used for estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions are disclosed

in Note 43.

vi) Business Combination:

(a) Fair Valuation of Intangibles:

The Company has used royalty saved method for value analysis of limestone mining rights. The method estimates the value of future savings in royalty payments over the life of the mine accruing to the Company, by virtue of the transaction instead of obtaining the mining rights via the Government e-auction process.

The resulting post-tax cash flows for each of the years are recognized at their present value using a Weighted Average Cost of Capital (''WACC'') relating to the risk of achieving the mine''s projected savings.

(b) Fair Valuation of Tangibles:

Freehold land:

Freehold land was valued using the sales comparison method using prevailing rates of similar plots of land, circle rates provided by department of revenue and general market intelligence based on the size of land parcel.

Leasehold land:

Leasehold land was valued basis the leasehold interest for the remaining duration of the lease.

Other Assets:

The cost approach has been adopted for fair valuing all the assets except vehicles which have been measured at the old book values less depreciation.

The cost approach includes calculation of replacement cost using price trends applied to historical cost and capitalization of all the indirect cost, these trends are on the basis of price indices obtained from recognized sources such as the RBI/ OEA or market intelligence. In the case of buildings in cement plants, appropriate weight ages have been applied to cement, iron & steel and labour indices to arrive at the escalation factor and depreciating the same for past usage based on estimated total and remaining useful life of the asset.

(B) 1. Tangible Assets include assets for which ownership is not in the name of the Company - Gross Block of Rs, 398.84 Crores (March 31, 2017 Rs,320.06 Crores).

2. Buildings include I 12.13 Crores (March 31, 2017 RS, 12.13 Crores) being cost of Debentures and Shares in a company entitling the right of exclusive occupancy and use of certain premises.

3. Opening Gross Block includes Research and Development Assets (Building, Plant and Equipment, Furniture and Fixtures, Office Equipment and Intangible Assets) of RS, 33.63 Crores (March 31, 2017 RS, 30.75 Crores) and Net Block of RS, 25.84 Crores (March 31, 2017 RS, 26.73 Crores). Addition for the Research and Development Assets during the year is RS, 0.85 Crores (March 31, 2017 RS, 2.90 Crores).

4. Title of immovable properties having Gross Block of RS, 3,037.86 Crores (March 31, 2017 RS, 793.43 Crores) and Net Block of RS, 2,993.98 Crores (March 31, 2017 RS, 782.23 Crores) is yet to be transferred in the name of the Company.

5. The amount of expenditures recognized in the carrying amount of an item of PPE in the course of its construction:

(f) The Company has only one class of Equity Shares having a par value of I 10 per share. Each shareholder is eligible for one vote per share held except for Global Depository Receipts. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting, except in case of interim dividend. In the event of liquidation, the equity shareholders are eligible to receive the remaining assets of the Company after distribution of all preferential amounts, in proportion to their shareholding.

(g) 149,533,484 Equity Shares of I 10 each issued as fully paid up, for a consideration other than cash, to the shareholders of erstwhile Samruddhi Cement Limited (SCL), pursuant to the Scheme of Amalgamation of SCL with the Company {Excluding issue of 8,503 Equity Shares kept in abeyance against shares of Grasim Industries Limited}.

the description of the nature and purpose of each reserve within equity is as follows:

(a) capital reserve: Company''s capital reserve is mainly on account of acquisition of cement business of Larsen & Toubro Ltd., Gujarat Units of JCCL and cement capacities of 21.2 MTPA of Jaiprakash Associates Ltd (JAL) and JCCL.

(b) securities Premium reserve: Securities premium reserve is credited when shares are issued at premium. It is utilized in accordance with the provisions of the Act, to issue bonus shares, to provide for premium on redemption of shares or debentures, equity related expenses like underwriting costs, etc.

( c) debenture redemption reserve (DRR): The Company has issued redeemable non-convertible debentures. Accordingly, the Companies (Share capital and Debentures) Rules, 2014 (as amended), requires the company to create DRR out of profits of the company available for payment of dividend. DRR is required to be created for an amount which is equal to 25% of the value of debentures issued.

(d) general reserve: The Company has transferred a portion of the net profit of the Company before declaring dividend to general reserve pursuant to the earlier provision of Companies Act, 1956. Mandatory transfer to general reserve is not required under the Act.

(e) shares options outstanding reserve: The Company has two share option schemes under which options to subscribe for the Company''s shares have been granted to certain executives and senior employees. The share-based payment reserve is used to recognize the value of equity-settled share-based payments provided to employees, including key management personnel, as part of their remuneration. Refer to Note 43 for further details of these plans.

(f) effective Portion of cash flow Hedges: The Company has designated its hedging instruments obtained after April 01, 2015 as cash flow hedges and any effective portion of cashflow hedge is maintained in the said reserve. In case the hedging becomes ineffective, the amount is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.


Mar 31, 2017

The Description of the nature and purpose of each reserve within equity is as follows:

a) Capital Reserve: Capital Reserves are mainly the reserves created during business combination for the gain on bargain purchase. Company''s capital reserve is mainly on account of acquisition of Larsen & Toubro cement business and Gujarat Units of Jaypee Cement Corporation Limited (JCCL).

b) Securities Premium Reserve: Securities premium reserve is credited when shares are issued at premium. It is utilized in accordance with the provisions of the Act, to issue bonus shares, to provide for premium on redemption of shares or debentures, write-off equity related expenses like underwriting costs, etc.

c) Debenture Redemption Reserve (DRR): The Company has issued redeemable non-convertible debentures. Accordingly, the Companies (Share capital and Debentures) Rules, 2014 (as amended), requires the company to create DRR out of profits of the company available for payment of dividend. DRR is required to be created for an amount which is equal to 25% of the value of debentures issued.

d) General reserve: The general reserve is used from time to time to transfer profits from retained earnings for appropriation purposes.

e) Shares options outstanding Reserve: The Company has two share option schemes under which options to subscribe for the Company''s shares have been granted to certain executives and senior employees. The share-based payment reserve is used to recognize the value of equity-settled share-based payments provided to employees, including key management personnel, as part of their remuneration. Refer to Note 43 for further details of these plans.

f) Effective Portion of Cash flow Hedges: The company has designated its hedging instruments obtained after April 01, 2015 as cash flow hedges and any effective portion of cash flow hedge is maintained in the said reserve. In case the hedging becomes ineffective the amount is recognized to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

# Net of Deferred Employees Compensation Expenses Rs, 15.23 Crores (March 31, 2016 Rs, 12.41 Crores, April 01, 2015 Rs, 16.96 Crores).

Note 1(A) Company Overview and Significant Accounting Policies:

Company overview:

UltraTech Cement Limited (the Company) is a Public Limited Company incorporated in India having its registered office at Mumbai, Maharastra, India. The Company is engaged in the manufacturing and selling of Cement and Cement related products.

Significant Accounting Policies:

(a) Statement of Compliance:

These financial statements are prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended by the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendment) Rules, 2016, the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act'''') and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), as applicable.

The financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2017 are the Company''s first Ind AS financial statements. The date of transition to Ind AS is April 1, 2015. Accordingly, the Company has prepared an Opening Ind AS Balance Sheet as on April 1, 2015 and comparative figures for the year ended March 31, 2016 are also in compliance with Ind AS. An explanation of how the transition to Ind AS has affected the previously reported financial position, financial performance and cash flows of the Company is provided in Note 55.

The financial statements are authorized for issue by the Board of Directors of the Company at their meeting held on April 24, 2017.

(b) Basis of Preparation and Presentation:

Basis of Preparation:

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities:

(i) Derivative Financial Instruments measured at fair value

(ii) Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments)

(iii) Assets held for sale - measured at the lower of its carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell; and

(iv) Employee''s Defined Benefit Plan as per actuarial valuation

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In determining the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.

Functional and Presentation Currency:

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is the functional currency of the Company and the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.

Classification of Assets and Liabilities into Current/Non-Current:

The Company has ascertained its operating cycle as twelve months for the purpose of Current/ Non-Current classification of its Assets and Liabilities.

For the purpose of Balance Sheet, an asset is classified as current if:

(i) It is expected to be realized, or is intended to be sold or consumed, in the normal operating cycle; or

(ii) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading; or

(iii) It is expected to realize the asset within twelve months after the reporting period; or

(iv) The asset is a cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

Similarly, a liability is classified as current if:

(i) It is expected to be settled in the normal operating cycle; or

(ii) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading; or

(iii) It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period; or

(iv) The Company does not have an unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. Terms of a liability that could result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments at the option of the counterparty does not affect this classification.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

(c) Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE):

The initial cost of PPE comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, and any directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to working condition and location for its intended use, including relevant borrowing costs and any expected costs of decommissioning, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Expenditure incurred after the PPE have been put

into operation, such as repairs and maintenance, are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the costs are incurred. If significant parts of an item of PPE have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of PPE. Material items such as spare parts, stand-by equipment and service equipment are classified as PPE when they meet the definition of PPE as specified in Ind AS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment.

(d) Expenditure during construction period:

Expenditure/ Income during construction period (including financing cost related to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of qualifying PPE) is included under Capital Work-in-Progress, and the same is allocated to the respective PPE on the completion of their construction. Advances given towards acquisition or construction of PPE outstanding at each reporting date are disclosed as Capital Advances under "Other non-current Assets".

(e) Depreciation:

Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of PPE over its useful life and is provided on a straight-line basis over the useful lives as prescribed in Schedule II to the Act or as per technical assessment.

Depreciable amount for PPE is the cost of PPE less its estimated residual value. The useful life of PPE is the period over which PPE is expected to be available for use by the Company, or the number of production or similar units expected to be obtained from the asset by the Company. The Company has componentized its PPE and has separately assessed the life of major components.

In case of certain classes of PPE, the Company uses different useful lives than those prescribed in Schedule II to the Act. The useful lives have been assessed based on technical advice, taking into account the nature of the PPE and the estimated usage of the asset on the basis of management''s best estimation of obtaining economic benefits from those classes of assets.

Depreciation on additions is provided on a pro-rata basis from the month of installation or acquisition and in case of Projects from the date of commencement of commercial production. Depreciation on deductions/disposals is provided on a pro-rata basis up to the month preceding the month of deduction/disposal.

(f) Intangible Assets and Amortization:

- Internally generated Intangible Assets: (Research and Development expenditure)

Expenditure pertaining to research is expensed as incurred. Expenditure incurred on development is capitalized if such expenditure leads to creation of an asset, otherwise such expenditure is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

- Intangible Assets acquired separately:

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment, if any. The Company determines the amortization period as the period over which the future economic benefits will flow to the Company after taking into account all relevant facts and circumstances. The estimated useful life and amortization method are reviewed periodically, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

(g) Non-current assets (or disposal groups) classified as held for disposal:

Assets are classified as held for disposal and stated at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

To classify any Asset as "Asset held for disposal" the asset must be available for immediate sale and its sale must be highly probable. Such assets or group of assets are presented separately in the Balance Sheet, in the line "Assets held for disposal". Once classified as held for disposal, intangible assets and PPE are no longer amortized or depreciated.

(h) Impairment of Non-Financial Assets:

At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of non-financial assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognized immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.

(i) Inventories:

Inventories are valued as follows:

- Raw materials, fuel, stores & spare parts and packing materials:

Valued at lower of cost and net realizable value (NRV). However, these items are considered to be realizable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.

- Work-in- progress (WIP), finished goods, stock-in-trade and trial run inventories:

Valued at lower of cost and NRV. Cost of Finished goods and WIP includes cost of raw materials, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost of inventories is computed on weighted average basis.

- Waste / Scrap:

Waste / Scrap inventory is valued at NRV.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(j) Employee Share based payments:

Equity- settled share-based payments to employees are measured at the fair value of the employee stock options at the grant date.

The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is amortized over the vesting period, based on the Company''s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity.

At the end of each reporting period, the Company revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss such that the cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to the equity-settled employee benefits reserve.

(k) Borrowing Costs:

General and specific borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use and borrowing costs are being incurred. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

Borrowing cost includes interest expense, amortization of discounts, hedge related cost incurred in connection with foreign currency borrowings, ancillary costs incurred in connection with borrowing of funds and exchange difference arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the Interest cost.

Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization.

(l) Government Grants and Subsidies:

Government grants are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Company recognizes the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.

Government grants that are receivable towards capital investments under State Investment Promotion Scheme are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they become receivable.

Government grants are not recognized until there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them and that the grants will be received.

The benefit of a government loan at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant, measured as the difference between proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market interest rates and is being recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(m) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources, that can be reliably estimated, will be required to settle such an obligation.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows to net present value using an appropriate pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. Unwinding of the discount is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as a finance cost. Provisions are reviewed at each reporting date and are adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

A present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made, is disclosed as a contingent liability. Contingent liabilities are also disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non -occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company.

Claims against the Company where the possibility of any outflow of resources in settlement is remote, are not disclosed as contingent liabilities.

Contingent assets are not recognized in financial statements since this may result in the recognition of income that may never be realized. However, when the realization of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is not a contingent asset and is recognized.

(n) Mines Restoration Provision:

An obligation for restoration, rehabilitation and environmental costs arises when environmental disturbance is caused by the development or ongoing extraction from mines. Costs arising from restoration at closure of the mines and other site preparation work are provided for based on their discounted net present value, with a corresponding amount being capitalized at the start of each project. The amount provided for is recognized, as soon as the obligation to incur such costs arises. These costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the life of the operation through the depreciation of the asset and the unwinding of the discount on the provision. The cost are reviewed periodically and are adjusted to reflect known developments which may have an impact on the cost or life of operations. The cost of the related asset is adjusted for changes in the provision due to factors such as updated cost estimates, new disturbance and revisions to discount rates. The adjusted cost of the asset is depreciated prospectively over the lives of the assets to which they relate. The unwinding of the discount is shown as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(o) Revenue Recognition:

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount can be reliably measured.

- Revenue is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable taking into account the amount of discounts, volume rebates, outgoing sales taxes and are recognized when all significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods sold are transferred.

- Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive the income is established.

- Difference between the sale price and carrying value of investment is recognized as profit or loss on sale / redemption on investment on trade date of transaction.

(p) Lease:

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as Operating Leases.

operating lease: Lease rentals are charged or recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term, except where the payment are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increase.

Finance lease: Assets held under finance leases are recognized as assets of the Company at their fair value at the inception of the lease or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability to the less or is included in the Balance Sheet as a finance lease obligation. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease obligation so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalized in accordance with the Company''s policy on borrowing costs.

(q) Employee benefits:

Defined benefit plan:

For defined benefit plans, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period. Re-measurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), is reflected immediately in the Balance Sheet with a charge or credit recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) in the period in which they occur. Re-measurement recognized in OCI is reflected immediately in retained earnings and will not be reclassified to Statement of Profit and Loss. Past service cost is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of a plan amendment. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset. Defined benefit costs are categorized as follows:

- service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements);

- net interest expense or income; and

- re-measurement

The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated using a discount rate which is determined by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds.

The defined benefit obligation recognized in the Balance Sheet represents the actual deficit or surplus in the Company''s defined benefit plans. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plans or reductions in future contributions to the plans.

A liability for a termination benefit is recognized at the earlier of when the entity can no longer withdraw the offer of the termination benefit and when the entity recognizes any related restructuring costs.

Defined contribution plan:

Payments to defined contribution plans are recognized as an expense when employees have rendered service entitling them to the contributions. The eligible employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits in respect of provident fund, for which both the employees and the Company make monthly contributions at a specified percentage of the covered employees'' salary. The contributions as specified under the law are made to the approved provident fund which is set up by the Company. Contribution to recognized provident fund are substantially defined contribution plan. The Company is liable for any shortfall in the fund assets based on the Government specified rate of return. Such shortfall, if any, is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as an expense in the year of incurring the same. Having regard to the assets of the fund and the return on the investments, the Company does not expect any deficiency as at the year end.

Short-term and other long-term employee benefits:

A liability is recognized for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave in the period the related service is rendered.

Liabilities recognized in respect of short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.

Liabilities recognized in respect of other long-term employee benefits are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date.

(r) Income Taxes:

Income Tax expenses comprise current tax and deferred tax charge or credit.

Current Tax is measured on the basis of estimated taxable income for the current accounting period in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws.

Deferred tax is provided, on all temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to the temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Tax relating to items recognized directly in equity or OCI is recognized in equity or OCI and not in the Statement of Profit and Loss. MAT Credits are in the form of unused tax credits that are carried forward by the Company for a specified period of time, hence it is grouped with Deferred Tax Asset.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.

A deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable.

(s) Earnings Per Share:

The basic Earnings Per Share ("EPS") is computed by dividing the net profit / (loss) after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, net profit/(loss) after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(t) Foreign Currency transactions:

In preparing the financial statements of the Company, transactions in currencies other than the Company''s functional currency (i.e. foreign currencies) are recognized at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate as at the date of initial transactions.

Exchange differences on monetary items are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise except for:

- exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings relating to assets under construction for future productive use, which are included in the cost of those assets when they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on those foreign currency borrowings;

- exchange differences relating to qualifying effective cash flow hedges and qualifying net investment hedges in foreign operations.

(u) Investment in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures:

The Company''s investment in its Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures are carried at cost.

(v) Financial Instruments:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when a Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Initial Recognition:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss and ancillary costs related to borrowings) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognized immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss.

Classification and Subsequent Measurement: Financial Assets

The Company classifies financial assets as subsequently measured at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income ("FVOCI") or fair value through profit or loss ("FVTPL") on the basis of following:

- the entity''s business model for managing the financial assets and

- the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

Amortized Cost:

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at amortized cost if both of the following conditions are met:

- the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and

- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Fair Value through oCI:

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at fair value through OCI if both of the following conditions are met:

- the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and

- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Fair Value through Profit or Loss:

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortized cost or at fair value through OCI.

All recognized financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortized cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets.

Classification and Subsequent Measurement: Financial liabilities:

Financial liabilities are classified as either financial liabilities at FVTPL or ''other financial liabilities''.

Financial Liabilities at FVTPL:

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is held for trading or are designated upon initial recognition as FVTPL: Gains or Losses on liabilities held for trading are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

other Financial liabilities:

Other financial liabilities (including borrowings and trade and other payables) are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Impairment of financial assets:

Financial assets, other than those at FVTPL, are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of each reporting period. The Company recognizes a loss allowance for expected credit losses on financial asset. In case of trade receivables, the Company follows the simplified approach permitted by Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments for recognition of impairment loss allowance. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. The Company calculates the expected credit losses on trade receivables using a provision matrix on the basis of its historical credit loss experience.

Derecognition of financial assets:

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognizes its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognize the financial asset and also recognizes a collateralized borrowing for the proceeds received.

On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the asset''s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity is recognized in profit or loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognized in profit or loss on disposal of that financial asset.

On derecognition of a financial asset other than in its entirety (e.g. when the Company retains an option to repurchase part of a transferred asset), the Company allocates the previous carrying amount of the financial asset between the part it continues to recognize under continuing involvement, and the part it no longer recognizes on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts on the date of the transfer. The difference between the carrying amount allocated to the part that is no longer recognized and the sum of the consideration received for the part no longer recognized and any cumulative gain or loss allocated to it that had been recognized in other comprehensive income is recognized in profit or loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognized in profit or loss on disposal of that financial asset. A cumulative gain or loss that had been recognized in other comprehensive income is allocated between the part that continues to be recognized and the part that is no longer recognized on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts.

(w) Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents in the Balance Sheet comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term deposits with banks that are readily convertible into cash which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value and are held for the purpose of meeting short-term cash commitments.

(x) Financial liabilities and equity instruments:

- Classification as debt or equity:

Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

- Equity instruments:

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by a Company are recognized at the proceeds received.

(y) Derivative financial instruments:

The Company enters into derivative financial instruments viz. foreign exchange forward contracts, interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps to manage its exposure to interest rate, foreign exchange rate risks and commodity prices. The Company does not hold derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value at the date the derivative contracts are entered into and are subsequently premeasured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss immediately excluding derivatives designated as cash flow hedge.

(z) Hedge accounting:

The Company designates certain hedging instruments in respect of foreign currency risk, interest rate risk and commodity price risk as cash flow hedges. At the inception of the hedge relationship, the entity documents the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item, along with its risk management objectives and its strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. Furthermore, at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, the Company documents whether the hedging instrument is highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of the designated portion of derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges is recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated under equity. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in profit or loss.

Amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity relating to effective portion as described above are reclassified to profit or loss in the periods when the hedged item affects profit or loss, in the same line as the recognized hedged item. However, when the hedged forecast transaction results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or a non-financial liability, such gains and losses are transferred from equity and included in the initial measurement of the cost of the non-financial asset or non-financial liability.

Hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. Any gain or loss recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognized when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognized in profit or loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is recognized immediately in profit or loss.

(aa) Segment Reporting - Identification of Segments:

An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the company''s chief operating decision maker to make decisions for which discrete financial information is available. Based on the management approach as defined in Ind AS 108, the chief operating decision maker evaluates the Company''s performance and allocates resources based on an analysis of various performance indicators by business segments and geographic segments.

Note 1(B) Critical accounting judgments and key sources of estimation uncertainty:

The preparation of the Company''s financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

(a) Critical judgments in applying accounting policies:

In the process of applying the Company''s accounting policies, management has made the following judgments, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements.

Classification of Madanpur (North) Coal Company Limited as Investment in an Associate:

A Joint Venture Company (JV) "Madanpur (North) Coal Company Limited" was formed by allocatees of Madanpur North Coal Block. Accordingly, under the previous GAAP Madanpur (North) Coal Company Limited was considered as Joint Venture (JV) in the books of the company and accounted under the proportionate consolidation method.

As per Ind AS 111, when all the parties, or a group of parties, considered collectively, are able to direct the activities that significantly affect the returns of the arrangement (i.e. the relevant activities), the parties control the arrangement collectively. Also, joint control exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of all the parties. In terms of the JV agreement between the parties, each JV partner has right to nominate one director on the board of JV and major decisions shall be taken by a majority of 75% of the directors present. Since there is no unanimous consent required from the parties, in the judgment of the management the Company does not have joint control over the JV. However, considering the Company''s representation in the board and the extent of its ability to exercise the influence over the decision over the relevant activities, the JV has been considered as an associate and accounted under the equity method.

(b) Key assumptions:

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

(i) Useful lives of Property, Plant & Equipment:

The Company uses its technical expertise along with historical and industry trends for determining the economic life of an asset/component of an asset. The useful lives are reviewed by management periodically and revised, if appropriate. In case of a revision, the unamortized depreciable amount is charged over the remaining useful life of the assets.

(ii) Fair value measurement of financial instruments:

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the Discounted Cash Flow model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgment is required in establishing fair values. Judgments include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility.

(iii) Defined benefit plans:

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and other post-employment medical benefits and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

(iv) Mines Restoration obligation:

In determining the fair value of the Mines Restoration Obligation, assumptions and estimates are made in relation to discount rates, the expected cost of mines restoration and the expected timing of those costs.

(v) Share-based payments:

The Company measures the cost of equity-settled transactions with employees using Black-Scholes model to determine the fair value of the liability incurred on the grant date. Estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions requires determination of the most appropriate valuation model, which is dependent on the terms and conditions of the grant.

This estimate also requires determination of the most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share option, volatility and dividend yield and making assumptions about them.


Mar 31, 2015

(i) Basis of Accounting and preparation of Financial Statements

The financial statements are prepared and presented under the historical cost convention on accrual basis of accounting inaccordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (Indian GAAP).These financial statements comply in all material aspects with the Accounting Standards (AS) specified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the 2013 Act") / Companies Act 1956 ("the 1956 Act"), as applicable and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), as applicable.

The accounting policiesadopted in the preparation of these financial statements are consistent with those of the previous year.

(ii) Use of estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the Indian GAAP requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements,the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements. Although these estimates are based on the management's best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes different from the estimates. Difference between actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known or materialise.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in the current and future periods.

(iii) Fixed Assets:

Fixed assets (whether Tangible or Intangible) are stated at costless accumulated depreciation / amortisation / impairment loss (if any), net of Modvat / Cenvat (wherever claimed). The cost of fixed assets includes taxes, duties, freight, borrowing cost, if capitalisation criteria are met and other incidental expenses incurred in relation to their acquisition/bringing the assets for their intended use.

Spares which can be used only in connection with a particular Plant and Equipment of the Company and use is expected to be irregular, are capitalised at cost, net of Cenvat / Modvat (wherever claimed).

Fixed Assets held for disposal are stated at lower of net book value and net realisable value and disclosed separately in the financial statements under other current assets.

Losses arising from the retirement of, and gains/losses arising from disposal of fixed assets which are carried at cost are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(iv) Expenditure during construction period:

Expenditure/ Income, during construction period (including financing cost relating to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of qualifying fixed assets) is included under Capital Work-in-Progress and the same is allocated to the respective fixed assets on the completion of their construction.

(v) Borrowing Costs:

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

Borrowing cost includes interest expense, amortisation of discounts, ancillary costs incurred in connection with borrowing of funds and exchange difference arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the Interest cost.

(vi) Depreciationand Amortisation:

Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its useful life and is provided on a straight-line basis over the useful lives as prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

Depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset less its estimated residual value.

The useful life of an asset is the period over which an asset is expected to be available for use by an entity, or the number of production or similar units expected to be obtained from the asset by the entity.

In case of certain class of assets, the Company uses different useful life than those prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The useful lifehas been assessed based on technical advice, taking into account the nature of the asset, the estimated usage of the asset on the basis of management's best estimation of getting economic benefits from those class of assets. The Company uses its technical expertise along with historical and industry trends for arriving the economic life of an asset. Such class of assets and their estimated useful lives are as under:

No. Natureof Asset Useful life of the assets

1 Thermal Power Generation Plants 25 Years

2 Office Equipment 4 Years

3 Furniture and Fixtures 7 Years

4 Mobile Phones 3 Years

5 Company Vehicles (other than those provided to the employees) 5 Years

6 Motor Cars given to the employees as per the Company s Scheme 4-5 Years

7 Leasehold Land and Mining Lease Period of the Lease

8 Assets not owned by the Company As per period specified in the agreement, else 5 years

9 Expenditure incurred on Jetty Over the period of the relevant agreement such that the cumulative amortisation is not less than the cumulative rebate availed by the Company.

10 Servers and Networks 3 Years

11 Software 3 Years

12 Spares which are capitalised Allocated on Systematic basis over the useful life of related fixed assets

13 Assets individually costing less than or equal to Rs. 10,000 In the year of purchase

Depreciation on additions is provided on a pro-rata basis from the month of installation or acquisition and in case of Projects from the date of commencement of commercial production. Depreciation on deductions / disposals is provided on a pro-rata basisupto the month preceding the month of deduction / disposal.

(vii) Impairment of Assets:

The carrying amount of assetsare reviewed at each balance sheet date, if there is an indication of impairment based on internal and external factors.

An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an assets net selling price and value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. The discounting rate is a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the assets. Net selling price is the amount obtainable from sale of the asset in an arm's length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, less the costs of disposal.

An impairment loss, if any, is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the asset is identified as impaired. Impairment loss recognised in prior years is reversed when there is an indication that impairment loss recognised for the asset no longer exists or has decreased.

(viii) Derivatives:

Derivative instrument are used to hedge risk associated with foreign currency fluctuations, interest rates and commodity prices. The derivative contracts are closely linked with underlying transactions and are intended to be held till maturity. The Company does not enter into any derivative contracts for speculations or trading purposes.

With effect from current year, the Company has adopted AS 30 - "Financial Instrument - Recognition and Measurement", to the extent that adoption did not conflict with exiting accounting standards and other regulatory requirements. Accordingly the Company test each contracts which are entered on the basis of highly probable forecast transactions and decided whether to designate as an effective hedge.

To designate a forward/swaps or options contract as an effective hedge, the management objectively evaluates and evidences with appropriate supporting documents at the inception of each contract whether the contract is effective in achieving offsetting cash flows attributable to the hedged risk.

The gain or losses on designated hedging contract that qualify as an effective hedge is recorded in the hedging reserve account until the transactions are complete. Upon completion or cessation of hedging relationship as an effective, net cumulative gain / losses are transferred to Statement of Profit & Loss.

The gain or losses on the contracts which do not qualify for hedge accounting or considered as ineffective hedge transactions are charged to Statement of Profit & Loss.

(ix) Investments:

a) Presentation & disclosure

Investments which are readily realisable and are intended to be held for not more than one yearare classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments / non-current investments.

b) Recognition & measurement

Long-term investments are stated at cost after deducting provisions made, if any, for diminution in value of investments other than temporary, determined separately for each individual investment.

The carrying cost of long-term investment in subsidiary having mining rights for the mineral resources is determined net-off amortisation pertaining to the minerals extracted from the mines, calculated in proportion to the quantity extracted during the period out of the total estimated mineral reserve size. The total estimated reserve size is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates.

Current investments, except current maturities of Long- term investments, are stated at lower of cost and fair value determined for each category of investments.

c) Disposal

On disposal of an investment, the difference between the carrying amount and the disposal proceeds, net of expenses, is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(x) Foreign Currency Transactions:

a) Transactions denominated in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency at the balance sheet date are translated at the year-end rates.

b) In respect of forward exchange contracts, premium or discount, being the difference between the forward exchange rate and the exchange rate at the inception of contract is recognised as expense or income over the life of the contract.

c) Exchange difference including premium or discount on forward exchange contracts, relating to borrowed funds, liabilities and commitments in foreign currency for acquisition of fixed assets, arising till the assets are ready for their intended use, are adjusted to cost of fixed assets. Any other exchange difference either on settlement or translation is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

d) Investment in equity capital of overseas companies registered outside India are carried in the Balance Sheet at the rates at which transactions have been executed.

(xi) Inventories:

Inventories are valued as follows:

a) Raw material, fuel, stores & spare parts and packing materials:

Valued at lower of cost and net realisable value (NRV). However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.

b) Work-in- progress (WIP), finished goods, stock-in-trade and trial run inventories:

Valued at lower of cost and NRV. Finished goods and WIP cost includes cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost of inventories is computed onweighted average basis.

c) Waste / Scrap:

Waste / Scrap inventory is valued at NRV.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(xii) Employee Benefits:

a) Short term employee benefits

Short term employee benefits are recognised as an expense on accrual basis.

b) Defined Contribution Plan

Contributionspayable to recognised provident fund, approved superannuation scheme and national pension scheme, which are substantially defined contribution plans, are recognised as expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss, as they are incurred.

Contributions as specified by law are paid to the provident fund set up as irrevocable trust. The Company is generally liable for annual contribution and any shortfall in the fund assets based on the government specified minimum rates of return and recognises such contribution and shortfall, if any, as an expense in the year incurred.

c) Defined Benefit Plan

The obligation in respect of defined benefit plans, which cover Gratuity, Pension and Post-retirement medical benefits, are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, at the end of each financial year. Gratuity is funded with an approved fund. Actuarial gains/losses, if any, are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Obligation is measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using a discount rate that is based on the prevailing market yields of Government of India securities as at the Balance Sheet date for the estimated term of the obligations.

d) Other Long Term Benefits

Long-term compensated absences are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, at the end of each financial year. Actuarial gains / losses, if any, are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

e) Presentation of Non-funded obligation of defined benefit plans and other long term benefits, as long term and short term liability is on the basis of actuary's report.

(xiii) Employee Share based payments:

The Company follows intrinsic value method for valuation of Employee Stock Option in accordance with the SEBI (Share Based Employee Benefits) Regulations, 2014 {erstwhile SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999} and the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share based payments, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. The excess of market price of shares at the time of grant of options, over the exercise price to be paid by the option holder is considered as employee compensation expense and is amortised in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the period of vesting, adjusting for the actual and expected vesting.

(xiv) Income Taxes:

Income Tax expenses comprise current tax and deferred tax charge or credit.

Current Tax is measured on the basis of estimated taxable income for the current accounting period in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws.

Deferred Tax reflects the impact of timing difference between accounting income and taxable income during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred tax charge or credit and corresponding deferred tax liabilities or assets are measured using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty, except for carried forward losses and unabsorbed depreciation and items relating to capital losses which is recognised based on virtual certainty, supported by continuing evidence that there will be sufficient future taxable income available to realise the asset.

Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT):

MAT is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period. In the year in which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognised as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in the Guidance Note issued by ICAI, the said asset is created by way of a credit to the Statement of Profit and Loss and is shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified period.

(xv) Revenue Recognition:

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefit will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

a) Sales are recognised on transfer of significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods to the buyer. Sales are net of Sales Tax, VAT, trade discounts,rebates and returns but include excise duty. Sales exclude self-consumption of finished goods.

b) Income from services is recognised (net of service tax as applicable) as they are rendered, based on agreement/arrangement with the concerned parties.

c) Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive the income is established. Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Income other than dividend and interest on Investments is recognised on maturity or sale.

d) Export incentives, insurance, railway and other claims, where quantum of accruals cannot be ascertained with reasonable certainty, are accounted on acceptance basis.

(xvi) Mines Restoration Expenditure:

The Company provides for the estimated expenditure required to restore quarries and mines. The total estimate of restoration expenses is apportioned over the estimate of mineral reserves and a provision is made based on minerals extracted during the year. The total estimate of restoration expenses is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates.

(xvii) Government Grants and Subsidies:

a) Government grants and subsidies are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached thereto and that the grants will be received.

b) Capital Government grants or subsidies relating to specific fixed assets are deducted from the gross value of the respective fixed assets and other capital grants are credited to Capital Reserve.

c) Other Government grants or subsidies relating to an expense item are recognised as income over the period to match them on a systematic basis to the costs or deducted from related expenses.

(xviii) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resourceswill be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

A present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made, is disclosed as a contingent liability. Contingent Liabilities are also disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company.

Claims against the Company where the possibility of any outflow of resources in settlement is remote, are not disclosed as Contingent Liabilities.

Contingent Liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed and Contingent Assets are neither recognised nor disclosed, in the financial statements.

(xix) Earnings Per Share:

The basic Earnings Per Share ("EPS") is computed by dividing the net profit / (loss) after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, net profit/(loss) after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders divided by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year after adjusting for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(xx) Segment Reporting:

a) Identification of Segments:

Primary segment is identified based on the nature of products and services, the different risks and returns and the internal business reporting system. Secondary segment is identified based on geography in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

b) Segment Policies:

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

(xxi) Research and development expenditure:

Revenue expenditure pertaining to research is expensed as incurred. Capital expenditure incurred on development is capitalised if such expenditure leads to creation of an asset, otherwise such expenditure is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(xxii) Operating lease:

Leases where significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases and lease rentals thereon are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(xxiii) Classification of Assets and Liabilities into Current/Non-current:

All assets and liabilities are presented as Current or Non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of Current / Non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

(xxiv) Cash and Cash Equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of Cash Flow Statement includes Cash in hand, Balances with Banks and Fixed deposits with banks.


Mar 31, 2013

(i) Basis of Accounting:

The financial statements are prepared and presented under the historical cost convention on accrual basis of accounting in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India. These financial statements comply in all material aspects with the Accounting Standards (AS) notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended), to the extent applicable, other pronouncements of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and applicable guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements are consistent with those of the previous year.

(ii) Use of estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the GAAP requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements, the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes different from the estimates. Difference between actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known or materialise.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in the current and future periods.

(iii) Fixed Assets:

Fixed assets (whether Tangible or Intangible) are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation/amortisation/ impairment loss (if any), net of Modvat / Cenvat (wherever claimed). The cost of fixed assets includes taxes, duties, freight, borrowing cost, if capitalisation criteria are met, and other incidental expenses incurred in relation to their acquisition/bringing the assets for their intended use.

Spares which can be used only in connection with a particular Plant & Machinery of the Company and use is expected to be irregular, are capitalised at cost net of Cenvat / Modvat (wherever claimed)

Fixed Assets held for disposal are stated at lower of net book value and net realisable value and disclosed separately in the financial statements under other current assets.

Losses arising from the retirement of and gains / losses arising from disposal of fixed assets which are carried at cost are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(iv) Expenditure during construction period:

Expenditure / Income, during construction period is included under Capital Work-in-Progress and the same is allocated to the respective fixed assets on the completion of their construction.

(v) Borrowing Costs:

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

Borrowing cost consists of interest expense and other financial costs incurred in connection with borrowing of funds.

The difference between the face value and the issue price of ''Discounted Value Non-Convertible Debentures'', being in the nature of interest, is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss, on a compound interest basis determined with reference to the yield inherent in the discount.

(vi) Depreciation and Amortisation:

Depreciation is provided on straight-line basis at the rates and in the manner prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 except for some assets which are at higher rates consequent to management estimate of the useful life of the same, as stated under:

Depreciation on additions is provided on a pro-rata basis from the month of installation or acquisition and in case of Projects from the date of commencement of commercial production. Depreciation on deductions/ disposals is provided on a pro-rata basis upto the month preceding the month of deduction/disposal.

(vii) Impairment of Assets:

The carrying amount of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date, if there is an indication of impairment based on internal and external factors.

An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of the asset exceeds its recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an assets net selling price and value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Net selling price is the amount obtainable from sale of the asset in an arm''s length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, less the costs of disposal.

An impairment loss, if any, is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the asset is identified as impaired. Impairment loss recognised in prior years is reversed when there is an indication that impairment loss recognised for the asset no longer exists or has decreased.

(viii) Foreign Currency Transactions:

a) Transactions denominated in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency at the balance sheet date are translated at the year-end rates.

b) In respect of forward exchange contracts, premium or discount, being the difference between the forward exchange rate and the exchange rate at the inception of contract is recognised as expense or income over the life of the contract.

c) Exchange difference including premium or discount on forward exchange contracts, relating to borrowed funds, liabilities and commitments in the foreign currency for acquisition of fixed assets, arising till the assets are ready for their intended use, are adjusted to cost of fixed assets. Any other exchange difference either on settlement or translation is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

d) Investment in equity capital of companies registered outside India are carried in the Balance Sheet at the rates at which transactions have been executed.

(ix) Derivatives:

Financial Derivative Instruments

Derivative instruments are used to hedge risk associated with foreign currency fluctuations and interest rates. The derivative contracts are closely linked with the underlying transactions and are intended to be held till maturity. These are accounted on the date of their settlement and realised gain/loss in respect of settled contracts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Commodity Hedging

The realised gain or loss in respect of commodity hedging contracts, the pricing period of which has expired or contracts cancelled during the year, are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. However, in respect of contracts, the pricing period of which extends beyond the Balance Sheet date, suitable provision for likely loss, if any, is made in the accounts.

(x) Investments:

Investments, that are intended to be held for not more than one year, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments/non-current investments.

Long-term investments are carried at cost after deducting provisions made, if any, for diminution in value of investments other than temporary, determined separately for each individual investment. Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined for each category of investments.

(xi) Inventories:

Inventories are valued as follows:

a) Raw material, fuel, stores & spare parts and packing materials:

Valued at lower of cost and net realisable value (NRV). However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.

b) Work-in-progress (WIP), finished goods, stock-in-trade and trial run inventories:

Valued at lower of cost and NRV. Finished goods and WIP cost includes cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost of inventories is computed on weighted average basis

c) Waste / Scrap is valued at NRV

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(xii) Employee Benefits:

a) Short term employee benefits

Short term employee benefits are recognised as an expense on accrual basis.

b) Defined Contribution Plan

Contributions payable to recognised provident fund and approved superannuation scheme, which are substantially defined contribution plans, are recognised as expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss, as they are incurred.

Contributions as specified by law are paid to the provident fund set up as irrevocable trust. The Company is generally liable for annual contribution and any shortfall in the fund assets based on the government specified minimum rates of return and recognises such contribution and shortfall, if any, as an expense in the year incurred.

c) Defined Benefit Plan

The obligation in respect of defined benefit plans, which cover Gratuity, Pension and Post retirement medical benefits, are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, at the end of each financial year. Gratuity is funded with an approved fund. Actuarial gains/ losses, if any, are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Obligation is measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using a discount rate that is based on the prevailing market yields of Government of India securities as at the Balance Sheet date for the estimated term of the obligations.

d) Other Long-term Benefits

Long-term compensated absences are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, at the end of each financial year. Actuarial gains/losses, if any, are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

e) Presentation of Non funded obligation of defined benefit plans and other long term benefits, as long term and short term liability is on the basis of actuary''s report.

(xiii) Employee Share based payments:

The Company follows intrinsic value method for valuation of Employee Stock Options. In accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share based payments, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. The excess of market price of shares at the time of grant of options, over the exercise price to be paid by the option holder is considered as employee compensation expense and is amortised in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the period of vesting, adjusting for the actual and expected vesting.

(xiv) Income Taxes:

Income Tax expenses comprise current tax and deferred tax charge or credit.

Current Tax is measured on the basis of estimated taxable income for the current accounting period in accordance with the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961.

Deferred Tax reflects the impact of timing difference between accounting income and taxable income during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred tax charge or credit and corresponding deferred tax liabilities or assets are measured using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty, except for carried forward losses and unabsorbed depreciation which is recognised based on virtual certainty, that the assets will be realised in future.

(xv) Revenue Recognition:

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefit will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

a) Sales are recognised on transfer of significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods to the buyer. Sales are net of Sales Tax, VAT, trade discounts, rebates and returns but include excise duty.

b) Income from services is recognised as they are rendered, based on agreement/arrangement with the concerned parties.

c) Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive the income is established. Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

d) Export incentives, insurance, railway and other claims, where quantum of accruals cannot be ascertained with reasonable certainty, are accounted on acceptance basis.

(xvi) Mines Restoration Expenditure:

The Company provides for the estimated expenditure required to restore quarries and mines. The total estimate of restoration expenses is apportioned over the estimate of mineral reserves and a provision is made based on minerals extracted during the year.

The total estimate of restoration expenses is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates.

(xvii) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

A present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made, is disclosed as a contingent liability. Contingent liabilities are also disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company.

Claims against the Company where the possibility of any outflow of resources in settlement is remote, are not disclosed as contingent liabilities.

Contingent Liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed and Contingent Assets are neither recognised nor disclosed, in the financial statements.

(xviii) Earnings Per Share:

The basic Earnings Per Share ("EPS") is computed by dividing the net profit / (loss) after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, net profit / (loss) after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(xix) Government Grants and Subsidies:

a) Government grants and subsidies are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached thereto and that the grants will be received.

b) Capital Government Grants or Subsidies relating to specific fixed assets are deducted from the gross value of the respective fixed assets and other capital grants are credited to Capital Reserve.

c) Other Government Grants or Subsidies relating to an expense item are recognised as income over the period to match them on a systematic basis to the costs or deducted from related expenses.

(xx) Segment Reporting Policies:

Primary Segment is identified based on the nature of products and services, the different risks and returns and the internal business reporting system. Secondary segment is identified based on geography in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

(xxi) Research and development expenditure:

Revenue expenditure on research and development is expensed as incurred. Capital expenditure incurred on research and development is capitalised as fixed assets and depreciated in accordance with the depreciation policy of the Company.

(xxii) Operating lease:

Leases where significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases and lease rentals thereon are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(xxiii) Current / Non-Current:

All assets and liabilities are presented as Current or Non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Revised Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of Current / Non current classification of assets and liabilities.

(xxiv) Cash and Cash Equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of Cash Flow Statement includes cash in hand, Balances with Banks and Fixed deposits with banks.


Mar 31, 2012

(i) Basis of Accounting:

The financial statements are prepared and presented under the historical cost convention on accrual basis of accounting in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India. These financial statements comply in all material aspects with the Accounting Standards (AS) notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended), to the extent applicable, other pronouncements of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), with the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and applicable guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

(ii) Use of estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the GAAP requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements, the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements. Although these estimates are based on the management's best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes different from the estimates. Difference between actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known or materialise.

Appropriate changes in estimates are made as management becomes aware of changes in circumstances surrounding the estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in the current and future periods.

(iii) Fixed Assets:

Fixed assets (whether Tangible or Intangible) are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation / amortisation / impairment loss (if any), net of Modvat / Cenvat (wherever claimed). The cost of fixed assets includes taxes, duties, freight, borrowing cost, if capitalisation criteria are met and other incidental expenses incurred in relation to their acquisition / bringing the assets for their intended use.

Fixed Assets held for disposal are stated at lower of net book value and net realisable value.

(iv) Expenditure during construction period:

Expenditure / Income, during construction period is included under Capital-Work-in-Progress and the same is allocated to the respective fixed assets on the completion of their construction.

(v) Borrowing Costs:

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred

The difference between the face value and the issue price of 'Discounted Value Non-Convertible Debentures', being in the nature of interest, is charged to the statement of Profit and Loss, on a compound interest basis determined with reference to the yield inherent in the discount.

(vii) Impairment of Assets:

The carrying amount of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date, if there is an indication of impairment based on internal and external factors.

An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of the asset exceeds its recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an assets net selling price and value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Net selling price is the amount obtainable from sale of the asset in an arm's length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, less the costs of disposal.

An impairment loss, if any, is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the asset is identified as impaired. Impairment loss recognised in prior years is reversed when there is an indication that impairment loss recognised for the asset no longer exists or has decreased.

(viii) Foreign Currency Transactions:

a) Transactions denominated in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency at the balance sheet date are translated at the year-end rates.

b) In respect of forward exchange contracts, premium or discount, being the difference between the forward exchange rate and the exchange rate at the inception of contract is recognised as expense or income over the life of the contract.

c) Exchange difference including premium or discount on forward exchange contracts, relating to borrowed funds, liabilities and commitments in the foreign currency for acquisition of fixed assets, arising till the assets are ready for their intended use, are adjusted to cost of fixed assets. Any other exchange difference either on settlement or translation is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

d) Investment in equity capital of companies registered outside India are carried in the Balance Sheet at the rates at which transactions have been executed.

(ix) Derivatives:

Financial Derivative Instruments

Derivative instruments are used to hedge risk associated with foreign currency fluctuations and interest rates. The derivative contracts are closely linked with the underlying transactions and are intended to be held till maturity. These are accounted on the date of their settlement and realised gain/loss in respect of settled contracts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Commodity Hedging

The realised gain or loss in respect of commodity hedging contracts, the pricing period of which has expired or contracts cancelled during the year, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. However, in respect of contracts, the pricing period of which extends beyond the Balance Sheet date, suitable provision for likely loss, if any, is made in the accounts.

(x) Investments:

Investments, that are intended to be held for not more than one year, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long term investments/non-current investments.

Long-term investments are carried at cost after deducting provisions made, if any, for diminution in value of investments other than temporary, determined separately for each individual investment. Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined for each category of investments.

(xi) Inventories:

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value except waste / scrap which is valued at net realisable value. The cost is calculated on weighted average method. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Cost includes cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

(xii) Employee Benefits:

a) Short term employee benefits

Short term employee benefits are recognised as an expense on accrual basis.

b) Defined Contribution Plan

Contributions payable to recognised provident fund and approved superannuation scheme, which are substantially defined contribution plans, are recognised as expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss, as they are incurred.

Contributions as specified by law are paid to the provident fund set up as irrevocable trust. The Company is generally liable for annual contribution and any shortfall in the fund assets based on the government specified minimum rates of return and recognises such contribution and shortfall, if any, as an expense in the year incurred.

c) Defined Benefit Plan

The obligation in respect of defined benefit plans, which cover Gratuity, Pension and Post retirement medical benefits, are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, at the end of each financial year. Gratuity is funded with an approved fund. Actuarial gains/losses, if any are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Obligation is measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using a discount rate that is based on the prevailing market yields of Government of India securities as at the Balance Sheet date for the estimated term of the obligations.

d) Other Long Term Benefits

Long-term compensated absences are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, at the end of each financial year. Actuarial gains/ losses, if any, are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(xiii) Employee Share based payments:

The Company follows intrinsic value method for valuation of Employee Stock Options. In accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999, the excess of market price of shares at the time of grant of options, over the exercise price to be paid by the option holder is considered as employee compensation expense and is amortised in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the period of vesting, adjusting for the actual and expected vesting.

(xiv) Income Taxes:

Income Tax expenses comprise current tax and deferred tax charge or credit.

Current Tax is measured on the basis of estimated taxable income for the current accounting period in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Deferred Tax reflects the impact of timing difference between accounting income and taxable income during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred tax charge or credit and corresponding deferred tax liabilities or assets are measured using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty, except for carried forward losses and unabsorbed depreciation which are recognised based on virtual certainty, that the assets will be realised in future.

(xv) Revenue Recognition:

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefit will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

a) Sales are recognised on transfer of significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods to the buyer. Sales are net of Sales Tax, VAT, trade discounts, rebates and returns but include excise duty.

b) Income from services is recognised as they are rendered, based on agreement/arrangement with the concerned parties.

c) Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive the income is established. Interest income is recognised on accrual basis.

d) Export incentives, insurance, railway and other claims, where quantum of accruals cannot be ascertained with reasonable certainty, are accounted on acceptance basis.

(xvi) Mines Restoration Expenditure:

The Company provides for the estimated expenditure required to restore quarries and mines. The total estimate of restoration expenses is apportioned over the estimate of mineral reserves and a provision is made based on minerals extracted during the year.

The total estimate of restoration expenses is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates.

(xvii) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

A present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made, is disclosed as a contingent liability. Contingent liabilities are also disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company.

Claims against the Company where the possibility of any outflow of resources in settlement is remote, are not disclosed as contingent liabilities.

Contingent Liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed and Contingent Assets are neither recognised nor disclosed, in the financial statements.

(xviii) Earnings Per Share:

The basic Earnings Per Share ("EPS") is computed by dividing the net profit / (loss) after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, net profit / (loss) after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(xix) Government Grants and Subsidies:

a) Government grants and subsidies are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached thereto and that the grants will be received.

b) Capital Government Grants or Subsidies relating to specific fixed assets are deducted from the gross value of the respective fixed assets and capital grants for projects are credited to Capital Reserve.

c) Revenue Government Grants or Subsidies relating to an expense item are recognised as income over the period to match them on a systematic basis to the costs or deducted from related expenses.

(xx) Segment Reporting Policies:

Primary Segment is identified based on the nature of products and services, the different risks and returns and the internal business reporting system. Secondary segment is identified based on geography in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

(xxi) Research and development expenditure:

Revenue expenditure on research and development is expensed as incurred. Capital expenditure incurred on research and development is capitalised as fixed assets and depreciated in accordance with the depreciation policy of the Company.

(xxii) Operating lease:

Leases where significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases and lease rentals thereon are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(xxiii) Current / Non current:

All assets and liabilities are presented as Current or Non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Revised Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of Current / Non current classification of assets and liabilities.


Mar 31, 2011

1. Basis of Accounting:

The financial statements are prepared and presented under the historical cost convention on accrual basis of accounting in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India and comply in all material aspects with the Accounting Standards (AS) notified under the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended), to the extent applicable, other pronouncements of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and with the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

2. Use of estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the GAAP requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements, the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in the current and future periods. Difference between actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known or materialise.

3. Fixed Assets:

Fixed assets, whether tangible or intangible, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation / impairment loss (if any), net of Modvat / Cenvat (wherever claimed). The cost of fixed assets includes taxes, duties, freight and other incidental expenses incurred in relation to their acquisition and bringing the assets for their intended use.

Advances paid towards the acquisition of fixed assets outstanding at each balance sheet date and the cost of fixed assets not ready for their intended use before such date are disclosed under Capital Work-in-Progress.

Fixed Assets held for disposal are stated at lower of net book value and net realisable value.

4. Treatment of expenditure during construction period:

Expenditure / Income, during construction period is included under Capital-Work-in-Progress and the same is allocated to the respective Fixed Assets on the completion of their construction.

5. Foreign Currency Transactions:

(i) Transactions denominated in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency at the balance sheet date are translated at the year-end rates.

(ii) In respect of Forward exchange contracts, premium or discount, being the difference between the forward exchange rate and the exchange rate at the inception of contract is recognised as expense or income over the life of the Contract.

(iii) Exchange difference including premium or discount on forward exchange contracts, relating to borrowed funds, liabilities and commitments in the foreign currency for acquisition of fixed assets, arising till the assets are ready for their intended use, are adjusted to cost of fixed assets. Any other exchange difference either on settlement or translation is recognised in the Profit and Loss account.

(iv) Investments in equity capital of companies registered outside India are carried in the Balance Sheet at the rates at which transactions have been executed.

6. Derivatives:

Financial Derivative Instruments

Derivative instruments are used to hedge risk associated with foreign currency fluctuations and interest rates. The derivative contracts are closely linked with the underlying transactions and are intended to be held to maturity. These are accounted on the date of their settlement and realised gain/loss in respect of settled contracts is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Commodity Hedging

The realised gain/loss in respect of commodity hedging contracts, the pricing period of which has expired or contracts cancelled during the year are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account. However, in respect of contracts, the pricing period of which extends beyond the Balance Sheet date, suitable provision for likely loss, if any, is made in the accounts.

7. Investments:

Investments are classified into long term investments and current investments. Long-term investments are carried at cost after deducting provisions made, if any, for diminution in value of investments other than temporary, determined separately for each individual investment.

Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value, determined separately for each individual investment.

8. Inventories:

Inventories are valued at the lower of weighted average cost and estimated net realisable value except waste/scrap which is valued at net realisable value.

Cost of finished goods and process stock includes cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

9. Depreciation and Amortisation:

Depreciation is charged in the Accounts on the following basis:

(A) Tangible Assets:

(i) Depreciation is provided on the straight-line basis at the rates and in the manner prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 except for some of assets at the rates based on the useful life of the assets as determined by the management, which are higher than the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, as stated under:

(a) Company Vehicles other than those provided to the employees at 20% per annum.

(b) Roads, Culverts, Walls, Buildings etc. within factory premises at 3.34% per annum.

(c) Computer and Office Equipments at 25% per annum

(d) Furnitures and Fixtures - 7 years

(e) Mobile Phones - 3 years

(f) Motor Cars given to the employees as per the Company's Scheme are depreciated over the Scheme period.

(ii) Assets acquired up to September 30, 1987, are depreciated at the rates prevailing at the time of acquisition.

(iii) The value of leasehold land and mining lease is amortised over the period of the lease.

(iv) Assets not owned by the Company are amortised over a period of five years or the period specified in the agreement.

(v) Expenditure incurred on Jetty is amortised over the period of the relevant agreement such that the cumulative amortisation is not less than the cumulative rebate availed by the Company.

(vi) Depreciation on additions is provided on a pro-rata basis from the month of installation or acquisition and in case of project from the date of commencement of commercial production, while depreciation on deductions/disposals is provided on a pro-rata basis upto the month preceding the month of deductions/disposals.

(B) Intangible Assets:

Specialised softwares are amortised over a period of 3 years.

10. Impairment of Assets:

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is an indication of impairment based on the internal and external factors.

An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of the asset exceeds its recoverable amount. An impairment loss, if any, is charged to the Profit and Loss Account in the year in which the asset is identified as impaired. Reversal of impairment loss recognised in prior years is recorded when there is an indication that impairment loss recognised for the asset no longer exists or has been decreased.

11. Employee Benefits:

(i) Short term employee benefits

Short term employee benefits are recognised as an expense on accrual at the undiscounted amount in the Profit and Loss Account.

(ii) Defined Contribution Plan

Contributions payable to recognised provident fund and approved superannuation scheme, which are defined contribution plans, are recognised as expense in the Profit and Loss Account; as they are incurred.

Contributions as specified by the law are paid to the provident fund set up as irrevocable trust by the holding company. The Company is generally liable for annual contribution and any shortfall in the fund assets based on the government specified minimum rates of return and recognises such contribution and shortfall, if any, as an expense in the year incurred.

(iii) Defined Benefit Plan

The obligation in respect of defined benefit plans, which cover Gratuity, Pension and Post retirement medical benefits, are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, at the end of each financial year. Gratuity is funded with an approved fund. Actuarial gains/losses, if any, are recognised immediately in the Profit and Loss Account.

Obligation is measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using a discount rate that is based on the prevailing market yields of Government of India securities as at the balance sheet date for the estimated term of the obligations.

(iv) Other Long Term Benefits

Long-term compensated absences are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, at the end of each financial year. Actuarial gains/ losses, if any, are recognised immediately in the Profit and Loss Account.

12. Borrowing Costs:

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

The difference between the face value and the issue price of 'Discounted Value Non-Convertible Debentures', being in the nature of interest, is charged to the profit and loss account, on a compound interest basis determined with reference to the yield inherent in the discount.

13. Taxation:

Current Tax is measured on the basis of estimated taxable income for the current accounting period and tax credits computed in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Deferred Tax resulting from "timing differences" between book and taxable profit for the year is accounted for using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as on the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty, except for carried forward losses and unabsorbed depreciation which are recognised based on virtual certainty, that the assets will be realised in future.

14. Revenue Recognition:

(i) Sales Revenue is recognised on transfer of significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods to the buyer. Sales are net of Sales Tax, VAT, trade discounts, rebates and returns but includes excise duty.

(ii) Income from services is recognised as they are rendered, based on agreement/arrangement with the concerned parties.

(iii) Dividend income on investments is accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established. Interest income is recognised on accrual basis.

(iv) Export Incentives, insurance, railway and other claims, where quantum of accruals cannot be ascertained with reasonable certainty, are accounted on acceptance basis.

15. Mines Restoration Expenditure:

The Company provides for the estimated expenditure required to restore quarries and mines. The total estimate of restoration expenses is apportioned over the estimate of mineral reserves and a provision is made based on minerals extracted during the year.

The total estimate of restoration expenses is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates.

16. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

Contingent Liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed and Contingent Assets are neither recognised nor disclosed, in the financial statements.

17. Employees Share based payments:

The Company follows intrinsic value method for valuation of Employees Stock Options. The excess of the market price of shares at the time of grant of options, over the exercise price to be paid by the option holder is considered as employee compensation expense and is amortised in the Profit and Loss account over the period of vesting, adjusting for the actual and expected vesting.

18. Earnings Per Share:

The basic Earnings Per Share ("EPS") is computed by dividing the net profit after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, net profit after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

19. Government Grants and Subsidies:

(i) Government grants and subsidies are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the condition attached thereto and that the grants will be received.

(ii) Capital Government Grants or Subsidies relating to specific fixed assets are deducted from the gross value of the respective fixed assets and capital grants for projects are credited to Capital Reserve.

(iii) Revenue Government Grants or Subsidies relating to an expense item are recognised as income over the period to match them on a systematic basis to the costs or deducted from related expenses.

20. Segment Reporting Policies:

Primary Segment is identified based on the nature of products and services, the different risks and returns and the internal business reporting system. Secondary segment is identified based on geography in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

21. Research and development expenditure:

Revenue expenditure on research and development is expensed as incurred. Capital expenditure incurred on research and development is capitalised as fixed assets and depreciated in accordance with the depreciation policy of the Company.

22. Operating lease:

Leases where significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases and lease rentals thereon are charged to the Profit and Loss Account.


Mar 31, 2010

1. Basis of Accounting:

The financial statements are prepared and presented under the historical cost convention on accrual basis of accounting in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India and comply in all material aspects with the Accounting Standards (AS) notified under the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended), other pronouncements of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and guidelines issued by Securities and Exchange Board of India.

2. Use of Estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the GAAP requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities on the date of the financia statements, the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in the current and future periods. Difference between actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known or materialise.

3. Fixed Assets:

Fixed assets, whether tangible or intangible, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, net of Modvat / Cenvat (wherever claimed), less accumulated depreciation. The cost of fixed assets includes taxes, duties, freight and other incidental expenses incurred in relation to their acquisition and bringing the assets for their intended use.

Advances paid towards the acquisition of fixed assets outstanding at each balance sheet date and the cost of fixed assets not ready for their intended use before such date are disclosed under Capital Work-in-Progress.

4. Treatment of Expenditure during Construction Period:

Expenditure / Income, during construction period is included under Capital-Work-in-Progress and the same is allocated to the respective Fixed Assets on the completion of their construction.

5. Foreign Currency Transactions:

(i) Transactions denominated in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency at the balance sheet date are translated at the year-end rates.

(ii) In respect of Forward exchange contracts, premium or discount, being the difference between the forward exchange rate and the exchange rate at the inception of contract is recognised as expense or income over the life of the Contract.

(iii) Exchange difference including premium or discount on forward exchange contracts, relating to borrowed funds, liabilities and commitments in the foreign currency for acquisition of fixed assets, arising till the assets are ready for their intended use, are adjusted to cost of fixed assets. Any other exchange difference either on settlement or translation is recognised in the Profit and Loss account.

(iv) Investments in equity capital of companies registered outside India are carried in the Balance Sheet at the rates at which transactions have been executed.

6. Financial Derivatives:

Derivative financial instruments are used to hedge risk associated with foreign currency fluctuations and interest rates. The derivative contracts are closely linked with the underlying transactions and are intended to be held to maturity. These are accounted on the date of their settlement and realised gain/loss in respect of settled contracts is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

7. Investments:

nvestments are classified into long term investments and current investments. Long-term investments are carried at cost after deducting provisions, if any, made for diminution other than temporary, determined separately for each individual investment.

Current investments are carried at lower of cost or fair value, determined separately for each individual investment.

8. Inventories:

nventories are valued at the lower of weighted average cost and estimated net realisable value except waste / scrap which is valued at net realisable value.

Cost of finished goods and process stock includes cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

Obsolete, defective and unserviceable inventories are duly provided for.

9. Leases:

a) In respect of lease transactions entered into prior to April 1, 2001, lease rentals of assets acquired are charged to the Profit and Loss Account.

b) Lease transactions entered into on or after April 1, 2001:

i) Assets acquired under leases where the Company has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Such assets are capitalised at the inception of the lease at the lower of the fair value or the present value of minimum lease payments and a liability is created for an equivalent amount. Each lease rental paid is allocated between the liability and the interest cost, so as to obtain a constant periodic rate of interest on the outstanding liability for each period.

ii) Assets acquired under leases where a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals are charged to the Profit and Loss Account on accrual basis.

iii) Assets leased out under operating leases are capitalised. Rental income is recognised on accrual basis over the lease term.

(Also refer to the policy on Depreciation and Amortisation below)

10. Depreciation and Amortisation:

Depreciation is charged in the Accounts on the following basis:

(A) Tangible Assets:

(i) Depreciation is provided on the straight-line basis at the rates and in the manner prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 except for the following:

(a) Company Vehicles other than those provided to the employees at 20% per annum.

(b) Motor Cars given to the employees as per the Company s Scheme are depreciated over the Scheme period.

(c) Roads, Culverts, Walls, Buildings etc., within factory premises at 3.34 % per annum.

(d) Computer and Office Equipments at 25% per annum.

(e) Furnitures and Fixtures at 14.29% per annum.

(f) Mobile Phones at 33.33% per annum.

(ii) Assets acquired upto September 30, 1987, are depreciated at the rates prevailing at the time of acquisition.

(iii) The value of leasehold land and mining lease is amortised over the period of the lease.

(iv) Assets not owned by the Company are amortised over a period of five years or the period specified in the agreement.

(v) Expenditure incurred on Jetty is amortised over the period of the relevant agreement such that the cumulative amortisation is not less than the cumulative rebate availed by the Company.

(vi) Depreciation on additions is provided on a pro-rata basis from the month of installation or acquisition and in case of project from the date of commencement of commercial production, while depreciation on deductions / disposals is provided on a pro-rata basis upto the month preceding the month of deductions / disposals.

(B) Intangible Assets:

Specialise softwares are amortised over a period of 3 years.

1. Impairment of Assets:

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date, if there is an indication of impairment based on the internal and external factors.

An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of the asset exceeds its recoverable amount. An impairment loss, if any, is charged to the Profit and Loss Account in the year in which the asset is identified as impaired. Reversal of impairment loss recognised in prior years is recorded when there is an indication that impairment loss recognised for the asset no longer exists or has been decreased.

12. Employee Benefits:

(i) Defined Contribution Plan

Contributions payable to recognised provident fund and approved superannuation scheme, which are defined contribution plans, are recognised as expense in the Profit and Loss Account; as they are incurred.

(ii) Defined Benefit Plan

The obligation in respect of defined benefit plans, which cover Gratuity, Pension and Post retirement medical benefits, are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, at the end of each financial year. Gratuity is funded with an approved fund. Actuarial gains/losses, if any, are recognised immediately in the Profit and Loss Account.

Obligation is measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using a discount rate that is based on the prevailing market yields of Government of India securities as at the balance sheet date for the estimated term of the obligations.

(iii) Other Long Term Benefits

Long-term compensated absences are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, at the end of each financial year. Actuarial gains/losses, if any, are recognised immediately in the Profit and Loss Account.

1 3. Borrowing Costs:

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

The difference between the face value and the issue price of Discounted Value Non-Convertible Debentures , being in the nature of interest, is charged to the profit and loss account, on a compound interest basis determined with reference to the yield inherent in the discount.

14. Taxation:

Current Tax is measured on the basis of estimated taxable income for the current accounting period and tax credits computed in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Deferred Tax resulting from timing differences between book and taxable profit for the year is accounted for using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as on the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty, except for carried forward losses and unabsorbed depreciation which are recognised based on virtual certainty, that the assets will be realised in future.

1 5. Revenue Recognition:

(i) Sales Revenue is recognised on transfer of significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods to the buyer. Sales are net of Sales Tax, VAT, trade discounts, rebates and returns but includes excise duty.

(ii) Income from services is recognised as they are rendered, based on agreement/arrangement with the concerned parties.

(iii) Dividend income on investments is accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established. Interest income is recognised on accrual basis.

(iv) Export Incentives, insurance, railway and other claims, where quantum of accruals cannot be ascertained with reasonable certainty, are accounted on acceptance basis.

1 6. Mines Restoration Expenditure:

The Company provides for the estimated expenditure required to restore quarries and mines. The total estimate of restoration expenses is apportioned over the estimate of mineral reserves and a provision is made based on minerals extracted during the year.

Provision for Mines Restoration is reviewed annually, on the basis of technical estimates.

1 7. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources which can be measured only by using of substantial degree of estimation.

Contingent Liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed and Contingent Assets are neither recognised nor disclosed, in the financial statements.

1 8. Employees Share based payments:

The Company follows intrinsic value method for valuation of Employees Stock Options. The excess of the market price of shares at the time of grant of options, over the exercise price to be paid by the option holder is considered as employee compensation expense and is amortised in the Profit and Loss account over the period of vesting, adjusting for the actual and expected vesting.

1 9. Earnings Per Share:

The basic Earnings Per Share ( EPS ) is computed by dividing the net profit after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, net profit after tax for the year attributable to the equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

20. Government Grants and Subsidies:

(i) Government grants and subsidies are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the condition attached thereto and that the grants will be received.

(ii) Capital Government Grants or Subsidies relating to specific fixed assets are deducted from the gross value of the respective fixed assets.

(iii) Revenue Government Grants or Subsidies relating to an expense item are recognised as income over the period to match them on a systematic basis to the costs.

21. Segment Reporting Policies:

Primary Segment is identified based on the nature of products and services, the different risks and returns and the internal business reporting system. Secondary segment is identified based on geography in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

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