Accounting Policies of Uttam Sugar Mills Ltd. Company
Mar 31, 2018
Notes on Financial Statements for the Year ended 31st March 2018
Note No. 1 Corporate Information
Uttam Sugar Mills Ltd. ("USML" or the Company) is a public limited Company incorporated and domiciled in India. The registered office of the Company is situated at Village Libberheri, Tehsil Roorkee, Distt. Haridwar (Uttarakhand).
The Company''s shares are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange of India Ltd.
The Company is engaged in the manufacture of Sugar, Industrial Alcohol and Generation of Power. The financial statements of the Company are for the year ended 31st March, 2018 and are prepared in Indian Rupees being the functional currency. The values in Indian Rupees are rounded off to Lakhs, except otherwise indicated.
The financial statements for the year ended 31st March, 2018 was approved for issue by the Board of Directors of the Company on 29th May, 2018 and is subject to the adoption by the shareholders in the Annual General Meeting.
Note No. 2 Significant Accounting Policies
2.1 Statement of Compliances with Ind AS
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared to comply with the Indian Accounting Standards (''Ind AS'') notified under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended with effect from 1st April, 2016) read with Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013. Up to the year ended March 31, 2017, the Company has prepared its financial statements in accordance with the requirement of Indian GAAP, which includes Standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and considered as "Previous GAAP". These financial statements are the Company''s first Ind AS financial statements and are covered by Ind AS 101- First time adoption of Indian Accounting Standards. The date of transition to Ind AS is April 1, 2016.
Refer Note No.37 & 38 for the details of first time adoption exemptions availed by the Company and reconciliation of the reserves on transition date and the profit for the previous year as per Ind AS and previous GAAP.
All the Ind AS issued and notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs under the Companies (India Accounting Standards) Rules 2015 (As amended) till the financial statements are approved for issue by the Board of Directors has been considered in preparing these financial statements.
2.2 Basis of preparation
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Ind AS under the historical cost basis except for the following:
i) Certain financial assets and financial liabilities - measured at fair value and
ii) Defined benefits plan-plan assets measured at fair value.
Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration is exchange for goods and service.
2.3 The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
i) Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle, ii) Held primarily for the purpose of trading, iii) Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period,
iv) Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period, or
v) Carrying current portion of non-current financial assets. All other assets are classified as non-current. A liability is current when:
i) It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle,
ii) It is held primarily for the purpose of trading,
iii) It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period,
iv) There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period, or
v) It includes current portion of non-current financial liabilities. All other liabilities are classified as non-current
2.4 Recent accounting pronouncements
Appendix B to Ind AS 21, Foreign currency transactions and advance consideration: On March 28, 2018, Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") has notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2018 containing Appendix B to Ind AS 21, Foreign currency transactions and advance consideration which clarifies the date of the transaction for the purpose of determining the exchange rate to use on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income, when an entity has received or paid advance consideration in a foreign currency. The amendment will come into force from April 1, 2018. The Company has evaluated the effect of this on the financial statements and the impact is not material.
Ind AS 115- Revenue from Contract with Customers: On March 28, 2018, Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") has notified the Ind AS 115, Revenue from Contract with Customers. The core principle of the new standard is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Further the new standard requires enhanced disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity''s contracts with customers. The standard permits two possible methods of transition:
⢠Retrospective approach - Under this approach the standard will be applied retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented in accordance with Ind AS 8- Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors.
⢠Retrospectively with cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial application (Cumulative catch - up approach)
The effective date for adoption of Ind AS 115 is financial periods beginning on or after April 1, 2018.
2.5 Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and revenue can be reliably measured. The Company recognizes sale of goods when the significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the Buyer, usually on delivery of goods.
Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received / receivable taking into account contractually defined terms of payment net of discounts, volume rebates and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the Government.
Revenue from sale of power is recognized when the units generated are transmitted to the pooling station, in accordance with the terms and conditions of the power purchase agreement entered into by the Company with the purchasing parties.
Income from sale of REC is recognized on delivery of REC to the customers ''account.
Interest income from a financial asset is recognized when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset''s net carrying amount on initial recognition.
Insurance claims are accounted for on the basis of claims admitted / expected to be admitted and to the extent that there is no uncertainty in receiving the claims.
All other incomes are accounted for on accrual basis.
2.6 Expenses
All expenses are accounted for on accrual basis.
2.7 Property, plant and equipment and Capital work in progress (CWIP)
All property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Free hold land is not depreciated. The cost of an asset includes the purchase cost of materials, including import duties and non refundable/ creditable taxes and any directly attributable cost of bringing an asset to the location and condition of its intended use interest on borrowing used to finance the construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset until such time that the asset is ready for its intended use.
When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major refurbishment is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repairs and maintenance costs are recognized in statement of profit and loss as incurred.
Directly attributable expenditure (including finance cost relating to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of fixed assets) incurred on projects under implementation are treated as pre-operative expenses pending allocation to the assets and are shown under CWIP, CWIP is stated at the amount expended up to balance sheet date on assets or property, plant and equipment that are not yet ready for their intended use.
When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.
The cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the financial statements upon disposal/sale or retirement of the asset and the resultant gains or losses (difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying amount of the assets) are recognized in the Statement of profit and Loss.
2.8 Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value
a) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets is provided on Straight Line basis so as to charge the cost of the assets or the amount substituted for costs in case of revalued assets less its residual value over the useful life of the respective asset as prescribed under part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. Residual value has been considered as 5% of the cost of the respective assets.
b) Leasehold Building Developments are amortized at lower of period of lease or ten years.
c) Intangible Assets are amortized over a period of economic benefits not exceeding ten years.
d) Depreciation/amortization on assets added, sold or discarded during the year is provided on pro - rata basis.
2.9 Intangible assets (Computer software)
Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition net of recoverable taxes less accumulated amortization/ depletion and impairment loss, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs, and any cost directly attributable to bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the Statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized. Computer software is amortized over a period of three years.
2.10 Inventories
Inventories (other than By-products) are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value. Inventories of Renewal Energy Certificates (REC) are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost of inventories has been determined on current cost.
Cost of finished goods and Work in Progress has been worked out on absorption cost basis. By-products and residuals are valued at net realizable value.
2.11 Government Grants
Government grants are recognized at fair value when there is reasonable assurance that the grant would be received and the Company would comply with all the conditions attached with them.
Government grants related to PPE are treated as deferred revenue (included under non-current liabilities with current portion considered under current liabilities) and are recognized and credited in the statement of profit and loss on systematic and rational basis and included under other income.
Government grants related to revenue nature are recognized on a systematic basis in the Statement of profit and
Loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs which they are intended to compensate and are adjusted with the related expenditure.
(If not related to a specific expenditure, it is taken as income and presented under other Income)
2.12 Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. Interest income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization. All other borrowing costs are charged to the profit and loss statement in the period in which they are incurred.
2.13 Leases
A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease. Assets acquired under leases other than finance leases are classified as operating leases. The total lease rentals (including scheduled rental increases) in respect of an asset taken on operating lease are charged to the statement of profit and loss on a straight line basis over the lease term unless another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern of the benefit. Initial direct costs incurred specifically for an operating lease are deferred and charged to the statement of profit and loss over the lease term
2.14 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets.
Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at current pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability when discounting is used, the increase in the passage of time is recognized as finance costs.
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is liability that can''t be recognized because it can''t be measured reliably.
A contingent liability is not recognized in the financial statements, but discloses its existence in the Financial Statement.
When the realization of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is no longer a contingent asset, and is recognized as an asset.
Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.
2.15 Dividend payable
Final dividend on shares is recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the shareholders and interim dividend are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company''s Board of Directors. A corresponding amount is recognized directly in equity.
2.16 Foreign currency transactions
Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction. Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies at the year ended translated at the year ended rates which is likely to be realized from, or required to disburse at the balance sheet date. Exchange differences arising on settlement of monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded / reported in financial statements are recognized as income or expense in the year in which they arise.
Non monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the initial transaction.
2.17 Employee benefits
a) Short - term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement Profit & Loss Account of the period in which the related service is rendered.
b) Long - term employee benefits are recognized as an expense in the Statement Profit & Loss Account for the year in which the employee has rendered services.
i) Compensated absences
Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within next 12 months, is treated as short term employee benefit and this is shown under current provisions in the Balance Sheet. The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as Long term employee benefits and shown under Long term provisions in the Balance sheet. ii) Defined Benefit Plans
The Company provides for retirement benefits in the form of gratuity. The Company''s liability towards this benefit is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation using projected unit credit method at the date of Balance sheet. Actuarial gain and Losses in respect of such benefits are recognized in Statement of Profit & Loss A/c.
2.18 Financial instruments
A Financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to financial assets of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another party.
A. Financial Assets
a. Initial recognition
The Company classifies financial instruments, or their component parts, on initial recognition as a financial asset, a financial liability or an equity instrument in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement. Financial instruments are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial instruments are recognized initially at fair value plus transactions costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of the financial instrument, except for financial assets at fair value through statement of profit and loss, which are initially measured at fair value, excluding transaction costs (which is recognized in statement of profit and loss).
b. Subsequent measurement
i) Financial assets carried at amortized cost (AC)
A financial asset is subsequently measured at amortized cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
ii) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
A financial asset is subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
iii) Financial assets at fair value through statement of profit and loss (FVTPL) Equity instruments
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value either as at FVTOCI or FVTPL. The Company makes such election on instrument-by-instrument basis. For equity instruments measured as at FVTOCI, all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit & Loss account.
c. De-recognition
A Financial Assets (or where applicable, part of financial assets) is primarily derecognized when:
1. The contractual right to receive cash flows from the assets have expired or
2. The Company has transferred its right to receive cash flow from the financial assets and subsequently all the risks and rewards of ownership of the assets to third party.
d. Reclassification of financial assets
Company determines the classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities.
e. Impairment of financial assets
The Company recognized loss allowance using the expected credit loss (ECL) model for the financial assets which are not fair valued through Statement of Profit and loss. Loss allowance for trade receivable with no significant financing component is measured at an amount equal to life time ECL
For all other financial assets, expected credit loss are measured at an amount equal to the twelve month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL. B. Financial liabilities
a. Initial recognition and measurement
All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and in case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable cost. The Company''s financial liabilities includes trade and other payable, loans and borrowing including bank over drafts, financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments. Fees of recurring nature are directly recognized in statement of profit and loss as finance cost.
b. Subsequent measurement
Financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the balance sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.
i) Loans and borrowings
After initial recognition, interest bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Gains and losses are recognized in statement of profit and loss when liabilities are de-recognized. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included as finance cost in the statement of profit and loss.
ii) Compound financial instruments
At the issue date the fair value of the liability component of a compound instrument is estimated using the market interest rate for a similar non-convertible instrument. This amount is recorded as a liability at amortized cost using the effective interest method until extinguished upon conversion or at the instrument''s redemption date. The equity component is determined as the difference of the amount of the liability component from the fair value of the instrument. This is recognized in equity, net of income tax effects, and is not subsequently re-measured.
c. De-recognition of financial instruments
A financial liability is derecognized where the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires where an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same tender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the statement of Profit and Loss.
d. Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities including derivative instruments are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance sheet, if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
e. Fair value measurement
Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Under Ind AS, fair valuation of financial instruments is guided by Ind AS 113 "Fair Value Measurement" (Ind AS - 113).
For some assets and liabilities, observable market transactions or market information might be available. For other assets and liabilities, observable market transactions and market information might not be available. However, the objective of a fair value measurement in both cases is the same to estimate the price at which an orderly transaction to sell the asset or to transfer the liability would take place between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions (i.e. an exit price at the measurement date from the perspective of a market participant that holds the asset or owes the liability).
Three widely used valuation techniques specified in the said Ind AS are the market approach, the cost approach and the income approach which have been dealt with separately in the said Ind AS.
Each of the valuation techniques stated as above proceeds on different fundamental assumptions, which have greater or lesser relevance, and at times there is no relevance of a particular methodology to a given situation. Thus, the methods to be adopted for a particular purpose must be judiciously chosen. The application of any particular method of valuation depends on the Company being evaluated, the nature of industry in which it operates, the Company''s intrinsic strengths and the purpose for which the valuation is made.
In determining the fair value of financial instruments, the Company uses a variety of methods and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each balance sheet date.
The Company uses the following hierarchy for determining and disclosing the fair value of financial instruments by valuation technique:
Level 1 : Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 : Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 : Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)
f. Share capital
An equity instrument is a contract that evidences residual interest in the assets of the Company after deducting all of its liabilities. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of new equity shares are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.
2.19 Impairment Non-financial assets
The carrying amount of any property, plant and equipment and intangible assets with finite lives are reviewed at each balance sheet date, if there is any indication of impairment based on internal /external factor. An asset is impaired when the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is higher of an asset''s or cash generating unit''s net selling price and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or group of assets.
An impairment loss is charged to the Statement of Profit and loss in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. An impairment loss recognized in prior accounting periods is reversed if there has been change in the estimate of the recoverable amount. At each balance sheet date, the Company assesses whether there is any indication that any property, plant and equipment and intangible assets with finite lives may be impaired. If any such impairment exists, the recoverable amount of an asset is estimated to determine the extent of impairment, if any. Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset. If at the balance sheet date there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the impairment loss previously recognized is reversed such that the asset is recognized at its recoverable amount but not exceeding written down value which would have been reported if the impairment loss had not been recognized.
2.20 Taxes
Income tax expense comprises current tax and deferred tax and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent it relates to items directly recognized in Equity or in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI).
Current tax
Provision for current tax is made with reference to taxable income computed for the accounting period for which the financial statements are prepared by applying the tax rates and laws that are enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. The tax is recognized in statement of profit and loss, except to the extent that it related to items recognized in the OCI or in other equity. In this case, the tax is also recognized in other comprehensive income and other equity.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognized using the balance sheet approach. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in financial statements, except when the deferred tax arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profits or loss at the time of the transaction.
Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax assets to be recovered.
Unrecognized deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each balance sheet date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off deferred tax assets against deferred tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
MAT Credit
Credit of MAT is recognized as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an asset, the said asset is created by way of a credit to the statement of profit and loss account and shown as MAT credit entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each Balance Sheet date and written down the carrying amount of MAT credit entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period.
2.21 Earnings per Share
The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") data for its equity shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit and loss attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit and loss attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
2.22 Non-current assets (or disposal groups) held for sale and discontinued operations
a) Non-current assets (or disposal groups) are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount would be recovered principally through a sale/distribution rather than through continuing use and a sale/distribution is considered highly probable.
Actions required to complete the sale/distribution should indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the sale/ distribution would be made or that the decision to sell/distribute would be withdrawn. Management must be committed to sale/distribution expected within one year from the date of classification.
b) Immediately before the initial classification of the assets (and disposal groups) as held for sale, the carrying amount of the assets (or all the assets and liabilities in the disposal groups) are measured in accordance with their applicable accounting policy.
Non-current assets (or disposal groups) held for sale/for distribution to owners are subsequently measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell, except for assets such as deferred tax assets, assets arising from employee benefits and financial assets which are specifically exempt from this requirement.
c) Non-current assets including those that are part of a disposal group (PPE and Intangible assets) once classified as held for sale/ distribution to owners are neither depreciated nor amortized. Interest and other expenses attributable to the liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale continue to be recognized.
d) Non-current assets (including assets of a disposal group) classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets in the Balance sheet. The liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale/ distribution are presented separately from other liabilities in the Balance sheet.
e) A disposal group qualifies as discontinued operation if it is a component of equity that has either being disposed of or is classified as Held for sale, and that represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, or is part of a single co-ordinate plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations or is a subsidiary exclusively with a view to resale.
Discontinued operations are excluded from the results of continuing operations and are presented separately as a single amount as profit or loss after tax from discontinued operations in the Statement of Profit and Loss and comparative information is restated accordingly.
f) All notes to the financial statements mainly include amounts for continuing operations, unless stated otherwise
2.23 Segment reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker. Revenue and expenses are identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment. Inter segment revenue are accounted for based on the cost price. Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which are not allocable to segments on a reasonable basis, are included under "Unallocated revenue/ expenses/ assets/ liabilities".
The chief operating decision-maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the Managing Director who makes strategic decisions.
The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.
2.24 Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the Balance sheet comprise cash on hand, cheques on hand, balance with banks on current accounts and short term, highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less and which carry insignificant risk of changes in value.
For the purpose of the Cash Flow Statement, Cash and cash equivalents consist of Cash and cash equivalents, as defined above and net of outstanding book overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management.
2.25 Cash Flow Statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit/loss before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.
Note No. : 3 Significant accounting judgment, estimates and assumptions
The preparation of the financial statements requires the use of accounting estimates, which, by definition would seldom equal the actual results. Management also needs to exercise judgment and make certain assumptions in applying the Company accounting policies and preparation of financial statements.
The use of such estimates, judgments and assumptions affect the reported amounts of revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities including the accompanying disclosures and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in the future periods.
Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated. They are based on historical experience and other factors including expectations of future events that may have a financial impact on the Company and that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
Estimates and Assumptions
The Company has based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statement was prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the balance sheet date that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are described below.
i) Depreciation and useful lives of property, plant and equipment: Property, plant and equipment are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets, after taking into account their estimated residual value. Management reviews the estimated useful lives and residual values of the assets annually in order to determine
the amount of depreciation to be recorded during any reporting period. The useful lives and residual values are based on the Company''s historical experience with similar assets and take into account anticipated technological changes. The depreciation for future periods is adjusted if there are significant changes from previous estimates.
ii) Income Tax: Management judgment is required for calculation of income tax and deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are recognized for unused losses (carry forward of prior years'' losses) and unused tax credit to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit would be available against which the losses could be utilized. The Company reviews at each balance sheet date the carrying amount of deferred tax. The factor used in estimate may differ from actual outcome which may lead to significant adjustment in the amounts in financial statement.
Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) credit is recognized as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period in the year in which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an asset. The Company reviews the same at each balance sheet date and written down the carrying amount of MAT credit entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period
iii) Recoverability of trade receivable: Judgments are required in assessing the recoverability of overdue trade receivables and determining whether a provision against those receivables is required. Factors considered include the credit rating of the counterparty, the amount and timing of anticipated future payments and any possible actions that can be taken to mitigate the risk of non-payment.
iv) Provisions: Provisions and liabilities are recognized in the period when it becomes probable that there will be a future outflow of funds resulting from past operations or events and the amount of cash outflow can be reliably estimated. The timing of recognition and quantification of the liability require the application of judgment to existing facts and circumstances, which can be subject to change. Since the cash outflows can take place many years in the future, the carrying amounts of provisions and liabilities are reviewed regularly and adjusted to take account of changing facts and circumstances.
v) Impairment of non-financial assets: The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or CGU''s fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. It is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using pretax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transaction are taken into account, if no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.
vi) Estimation of Defined benefit obligations
The Company''s obligation on account of gratuity and compensated absences is determined based on actuarial valuation.
An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each financial year end.
vii) Impairment of financial assets: The impairment provisions for financial assets are based on assumptions about risk of default and expected cash loss rates. The Company uses judgment in making these assumptions and selecting the inputs to the impairment calculation, based on Company''s past history, existing market conditions as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting period.
viii)Fair value measurement of financial instruments: The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.
ix) Material uncertainty about going concern: In preparing financial statements, management has made an assessment of Company''s ability to continue as a going concern. Financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis. The Management is aware, in making its assessment, of material uncertainties related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt upon the Company''s ability to continue as a going concern.
Jun 30, 2015
I. Basis of Accounting:
The Company follows the Mercantile System of Accounting and recognizes
Income and Expenditure on Accrual Basis. The financial statements are
prepared under the historical cost convention and are in accordance
with the requirements of Companies Act, 2013, applicable Accounting
Standards and accepted accounting principles.
ii. Tangible, Intangible Assets and Capital Work in Progress:
Tangible Assets are stated at cost, net of Convert and includes amount
added on revaluation less accumulated Depreciation. Cost of acquisition
or construction is inclusive of freight, duties, taxes and incidental
expenses incurred during construction period.
Capital Work-in-Progress comprises cost of fixed assets that are not
ready for its intended use at the reporting date. Expenditure during
construction period that are directly attributable to the cost of
bringing the assets to its working conditions and all common costs
allocated on rational basis are treated as 'Pre-Operative Expenses'
pending allocation and are shown under 'Capital Work-in Progress' and
the same are allocated on pro-rata basis to the assets capitalized on
commencement of commercial operations.
Items of expenditure that meet the recognition criteria as mentioned in
Accounting Standard are classified as intangible Assets.
iii Depreciation/Amortization :
a) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets is provided on Straight Line
basis so as to charge the cost of the assets or the amount substituted
for costs in case of revalued assets less its residual value over the
useful life of the respective asset as prescribed under part C of
Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.
Residual value has been considered as 5% of the cost of the respective
assets.
b) Leasehold Building Developments are amortized at lower of period of
lease or ten years.
c) Intangible Assets are amortized over a period of economic benefits
not exceeding ten years.
d) Depreciation/amortization on assets added, sold or discarded during
the year is provided on pro - rata basis.
iv Impairment of Assets:
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets
exceeds its recoverable value and impairment loss is charged to profit
and loss account in the year in which an asset is identified as
impaired. The impair- mint loss recognized in prior accounting periods
is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable
amount.
Leases :
Assets acquired under finance lease are recognized at the lower of the
fair value of leased assets at inception and the present value of
minimum lease payments, lease payments are apportioned between the
finance charges and the reduction of the outstanding liability. The
finance charges are allocated to the period during the lease term at a
constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the
liability.
In respect of fixed assets taken on finance lease, when there is
reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end
of the lease term, depreciation is provided in accordance with the
policy followed by the Company for owned assets.
vi. Inventories:
Inventories (other than By-products) are valued at lower of cost or net
realizable value.
Inventories of Renewal Energy Certificates (REC's) are valued at lower
of cost or net realizable value.
Cost of inventories has been determined on current cost.
Cost of fished goods and Work in Progress has been worked out on
absorption cost basis.
By- products and residuals are valued at net realizable value. vii.
Taxes on Income:
a) Current tax is determined on the amount of tax payable in respect of
taxable income for the year.
b) Deferred tax assets/liabilities are provided on significant timing
differences arising from the different treatments in accounting and
taxation of relevant items. Deferred tax assets/liabilities shall be
reviewed as at each Balance Sheet date, based on development during the
year, to reassess realization/liabilities.
c) Deferred Tax Assets in respect of unabsorbed brought forward
Business Losses and Unabsorbed Depreciation are recognized and carried
forward only if there is virtual certainty of its realization.
d) Deferred Tax resulting from timing difference which originate during
the tax holiday period but are expected to reverse after tax holiday
period is recognized in the year in which the timing differences
originate using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted
by the balance sheet date.
e) Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) credit is recognized as an asset only
when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company
will be in a position to avail such credit under the provisions of the
Income Tax Act,1961. viii Revenue Recognition :
Revenue is recognized to the extent it is probable that the economic
benefits will fowl to the Company and revenue can be reliably measured.
The Company recognizes sale of goods when the significant risks and
rewards of ownership are transferred to the customer.
Sales include Excise Duty, Administrative Charges & Entry Tax etc and
exclude Sales Tax/Value Added Tax.
Revenue from sale of power is recognized when the units generated are
transmitted to the pooling station, in accordance with the terms and
conditions of the power purchase agreement entered into by the Company
with the purchasing parties.
Interest Income is accounted on accrual basis.
ix. Expenses:
All the expenses are accounted for on accrual basis.
x. Government grants:
a) Grants and subsidies from the Government are recognized when there
is reasonable assurance that the Company would comply with the
conditions attached with them and the grant/subsidy would be received.
b) Government grants related to specific fixed assets are adjusted with
the value of the fixed asset.
c) Government grants related to revenue items are adjusted with the
related expenditure. If not related to a specific expenditure, it is
taken as income.
xi. Borrowing Costs:
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or
construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as a part of the cost
of such assets, when such asset is ready for its intended use. All
other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.
xii. Foreign Currency Transactions:
Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate
prevailing on the date of transaction. Monetary items denominated in
foreign currencies at the year ended translated at the year ended rates
which is likely to be realized from, or required to disburse at the
balance sheet date. Exchange differences arising on settlement of
monetary items at rates different from those at which they were
initially recorded / reported in financial statements are recognized as
income or expense in the year in which they arise except exchange
differences on liabilities/assets incurred for acquisition of fxed
assets from outside India which are capitalized/ de-capitalized.
Premium in respect of forward contract is accounted for over the period
of the contract.
xiii Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:
Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement
are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past
events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources.
Contingent Li- abilities are not recognized but are disclosed in notes.
Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial
statements.
xiv Employee Benefits :
a) Short -term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the
undiscounted amount in the Profit & Loss Account of the period in which
the related service is rendered.
b) Long -term employee benefits are recognized as an expense in the
Profit & Loss Account for the year in which the employee has rendered
services. The expenses are recognized at the present value of the
amount payable as per actuarial valuations, using Projected Unit Credit
Method. Actuarial gains and losses in respect of such benefits are
recognized in the Proft and loss Account.
xv Segment Reporting :
Segments are identified based on the dominant source and nature of
risks and returns and the internal organization and management
structure. The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in
line with the accounting policies of the Company. In addition, the
following specific accounting policies have been Followed for segment
reporting:
a) Inter segment revenue is accounted for based on the transaction
price agreed to between segments which is primarily market led.
b) Revenue and expenses are identifed to segments on the basis of their
relationship to the operating activities of the segment. Revenue and
expense, which relate to the enterprise as a whole and are not
allocable to segments on a reasonable basis, have been disclosed as
'Unallowable'.
Jun 30, 2014
I. Basis of Accounting:
The Company follows the Mercantile System of Accounting and recognizes
Income and Expenditure on Accrual Basis. The financial statements are
prepared under the historical cost convention and are in accordance
with the requirements of Companies Act, 1956, applicable Accounting
Standards and accepted accounting principles.
ii. Tangible, Intangible Assets and Capital Work in Progress:
Tangible Assets are stated at cost less accumulated Depreciation. Cost
of acquisition or construction is inclusive of freight, duties, taxes
and incidental expenses incurred during construction period.
Capital Work-in-Progress comprises cost of fixed assets that are not
ready for its intended use at the reporting date. Expenditure during
construction period that are directly attributable to the cost of
bringing the assets to its working conditions and all common costs
allocated on rational basis are treated as ''Pre-Operative Expenses''
pending allocation and are shown under ''Capital Work-in Progress'' and
the same are allocated on pro-rata basis to the assets capitalized on
commencement of commercial operations.
Items of expenditure that meet the recognition criteria as mentioned in
Accounting Standard are classified as intangible Assets.
iii. Depreciation/Amortization:
Depreciation on tangible assets have been provided on Straight Line
Method at the rates in the manner specified in Schedule XIV to the
Companies Act, 1956.Low value items costing individually Rs.5,000/- or
less are fully depreciated in the year of purchase. Depreciation is
charged on pro-rata basis in respect of assets acquired/sold during the
year.
Post impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying value
of the asset over its remaining useful life. Leasehold Building
Developments are amortized at lower of period of lease or ten years.
Intangible Assets are amortised over a period of economic benefits not
exceeding ten years.
iv. Impairment of Assets:
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets
exceeds its recoverable value and impairment loss is charged to profit
and loss account in the year in which an asset is identified as
impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting periods is
reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable
amount.
v. Leases :
Assets acquired under finance lease are recognized at the lower of the
fair value of leased assets at inception and the present value of
minimum lease payments, lease payments are apportioned between the
finance charges and the reduction of the outstanding liability. The
finance charges are allocated to the period during the lease term at a
constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the
liability.
In respect of fixed assets taken on finance lease, when there is
reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end
of the lease term, depreciation is provided in accordance with the
policy followed by the Company for owned assets.
vi. Inventories:
Inventories (other than By-products) are valued at lower of cost or net
realizable value.
Inventories of Renewal Energy Certificates (REC''s) are valued at lower
of cost or net realizable value.
Cost of inventories up to 31st March 2013 was determined on weighted
average method whereas due to change in accounting policy as given in
Auditors Report, closing stock appearing in the balance sheet has been
determined on current cost. Cost of finished goods and Work in Progress
has been worked out on absorption cost basis. By- products and
residuals are valued at net realizable value.
vii. Taxes on Income:
a) Current tax is determined on the amount of tax payable in respect of
taxable income for the year.
b) Deferred tax assets/liabilities are provided on significant timing
differences arising from the different treatments in accounting and
taxation of relevant items. Deferred tax assets/liabilities shall be
reviewed as at each Balance Sheet date, based on development during the
year, to reassess realization/liabilities.
c) Deferred Tax Assets in respect of unabsorbed brought forward
Business Losses and Unabsorbed Depreciation are recognized and carried
forward only if there is virtual certainty of its realization.
d) Deferred Tax resulting from timing difference which originate during
the tax holiday period but are expected to reverse after tax holiday
period is recognized in the year in which the timing differences
originate using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted
by the balance sheet date.
e) Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) credit is recognized as an asset only
when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company
will be in a position to avail such credit under the provisions of the
Income Tax Act,1961.
viii. Revenue Recognition :
Revenue is recognized to the extent it is probable that the economic
benefits will flow to the Company and revenue can be reliably measured.
The Company recognizes sale of goods when the significant risks and
rewards of ownership are transferred to the customer.
Sales include Excise Duty, Administrative Charges & Entry Tax etc and
exclude Sales Tax/Value Added Tax. Revenue from sale of power is
recognized when the units generated are transmitted to the pooling
station, in accordance with the terms and conditions of the power
purchase agreement entered into by the Company with the purchasing
parties.
Interest Income is accounted on accrual basis.
ix. Borrowing Costs:
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or
construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as a part of the cost
of such assets, when such asset is ready for its intended use. All
other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.
x. Foreign Currency Transactions:
Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate
prevailing on the date of transaction. Monetary items denominated in
foreign currencies at the year ended translated at the year ended rates
which is likely to be realized from, or required to disburse at the
balance sheet date. Exchange differences arising on settlement of
monetary items at rates different from those at which they were
initially recorded / reported in financial statements are recognized as
income or expense in the year in which they arise except exchange
differences on liabilities/ assets incurred for acquisition of fixed
assets from outside India which are capitalized/ de-capitalized.
Premium in respect of forward contract is accounted for over the period
of the contract.
xi. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:
Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement
are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past
events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources.
Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in notes.
Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial
statements.
xii. Employee Benefits:
a) Short -term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the
undiscounted amount in the Profit & Loss Account of the period in which
the related service is rendered.
b) Long -term employee benefits are recognized as an expense in the
Profit & Loss Account for the year in which the employee has rendered
services. The expenses are recognized at the present value of the
amount payable as per actuarial valuations, using Projected Unit Credit
Method. Actuarial gains and losses in respect of such benefits are
recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.
xiii. Segment Reporting:
Segments are identified based on the dominant source and nature of
risks and returns and the internal organization and management
structure. The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in
line with the accounting policies of the Company. In addition, the
following specific accounting policies have been followed for segment
reporting:
a) Inter segment revenue is accounted for based on the
transaction price agreed to between segments which is primarily market
led.
Mar 31, 2013
I. Basis of Accounting:
The Company follows the Mercantile System of Accounting and recognizes
Income and Expenditure on Accrual Basis. The financial statements are
prepared under the historical cost convention and are in accordance
with the requirements of Companies Act, 1956, applicable Accounting
Standards and accepted accounting principles.
ii. Tangible, Intangible Assets and Capital Work in Progress:
Intangible Assets are stated at cost less accumulated Depreciation.
Cost of acquisition or construction is inclusive of freight, duties,
taxes and incidental expenses incurred during construction period.
Capital Work-in-Progress comprises cost of fixed assets that are not
ready for its intended use at the reporting date. Expenditure during
construction period that are directly attributable to the cost of
bringing the assets to its working conditions and all common costs
allocated on rational basis are treated as ''Pre-Operative Expenses''
pending allocation and are shown under Capita! Work-in Progress'' and
the same are allocated on pro-rata basis to the assets capitalized on
commencement of commercial operations.
Items of expenditure that meet the recognition criteria as mentioned in
Accounting Standard are classified as intangible Assets.
iii. Depreciation/Amortization:
Depreciation on tangible assets have been provided on Straight Line
Method at the rates in the manner specified in Schedule XIV to the
Companies Act, 1956. Low value items costing individually Rs.5,000/- or
less are fully depreciated in the year of purchase. Depreciation is
charged on pro-rata basis in respect of assets acquired/ sold during
the year.
Post impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying value
of the asset over its remaining useful life.
Leasehold Building Developments are amortized at lower of period of
lease or ten years.
Intangible Assets are amortised over a period of economic benefits not
exceeding ten years.
iv. Impairment of Assets:
An asset is treated as impaired when me carrying cost of assets exceeds
its recoverable value and impairment loss is charged to profit r oss
account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The
impairment loss recognized in prior a jnting periods is reversed if
there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.
v. Leases :
Assets acquired under finance lease are recognized at the lower of the
fair value of leased assets at inception and the present value of
minimum lease payments, lease payments are apportioned between the
finance charges and the reduction of the outstanding liability. The
finance charges are allocated to the period during the lease term at a
constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the
liability.
In respect of fixed assets taken on finance lease, when there is
reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end
of the lease term, depreciation is provided in accordance with the
policy followed by the Company for owned assets.
vi. Inventories:
Inventories (other than By-products) are valued at lower of cost or net
realizable value.
Inventories of Renewal Energy Certificates(REC''s) are valued at lower
of cost or net realizable value.
Cost of inventories is determined on weighted average. Cost of finished
goods and Work in Progress has been worked out on absorption cost
basis.
By- products and residuals are valued at net realizable value.
vii. Taxes on Income:
a) Current tax is determined on the amount of tax payable in respect of
taxable income for the year.
b) Deferred tax assets/liabilities are provided on significant timing
differences arising from the different treatments in accounting and
taxation of relevant items. Deferred tax assets/liabilities shall be
reviewed as at each Balance Sheet date, based on development during the
year, to reassess realization/liabilities.
c) Deferred Tax Assets in respect of Accumulated Loss and Unabsorbed
Depreciation are recognized and carried forward only if there is
virtual certainty of its realization.
d) Deferred Tax resulting from timing difference which originate during
the tax holiday period but are expected to reverse after tax holiday
period is recognized in the year in which the timing differences
originate using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted
by the balance sheet date.
e) Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) credit is recognized as an asset only
when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company
will be in a position to avail such credit under the provisions of the
Income Tax Act,1961.
viii. Revenue Recognition :
Revenue is recognized to the extent it is probable that the economic
benefits will flow to the company and revenue can be reliably measured.
The Company recognizes sale of goods when the significant risks and
rewards of ownership are transferred to the customer.
Sales include Excise Duty, Administrative Charges & Entry Tax etc and
exclude Sales Tax/Value Added Tax.
Revenue from sale of power is recognized when the units generated are
transmitted to the pooling station, in accordance with the terms and
conditions of the power purchase agreement entered into by the Company
with the purchasing parties.
Interest Income is accounted on accrual basis.
ix. Borrowing Costs:
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or
construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as a part of the cost
of such assets, when such asset is ready for its intended use. All
other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.
x. Foreign Currency Transactions:
Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate
prevailing on the date of transaction. Monetary items denominated in
foreign currencies at the year end translated at the year end rates
which is likely to be realized from, or required to disburse at the
balance sheet date Exchange differences arising on settlement of
monetary items at rates different from those at which they were
initially recorded / reported in financial statements are recognized as
income or expense in the year in which they arise except exchange
differences on liabilities/ assets incurred for acquisition of fixed
assets from outside India which are capitalized/ decapitalised. Premium
in respect of forward contract is accounted for over the period of the
contract.
xi. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:
Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement
are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past
events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources.
Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in notes.
Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial
statements.
xii. Employee Benefits:
a) Short -term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the
undiscounted amount in the Profit & Loss Account of the period in which
the related service is rendered.
b) Long -term employee benefits are recognized as an expense in the
Profit & Loss Account for the year in which the employee has rendered
services. The expenses are recognized at the present value of the
amount payable as per actuarial valuations, using Projected Unit Credit
Method. Actuarial gains and losses in respect of such benefits are
recognized in the Profit and loss Account.
xii. Segment Reporting:
Segments are identified based on the dominant source and nature of
risks and returns and the internal organization and management
structure. The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in
line with the accounting policies of the company. In addition, the
following specific accounting policies have been followed for segment
reporting:
a) Inter segment revenue is accounted for based on the transaction
price agreed to between segments which is primarily market led.
b) Revenue and expenses are identified to segments on the basis of
their relationship to the operating activities of the segment. Revenue
and expense, which relate to the enterprise as a whole and are not
allocable to segments on a reasonable basis, have been disclosed as
''Unallocable''.
Mar 31, 2012
I. Basis of Accounting:
The Company follows the Mercantile System of Accounting and recognizes
Income and Expenditure on Accrual Basis. The financial statements are
prepared under the historical cost convention and are in accordance
with the requirements of Companies Act, 1956, applicable Accounting
Standards and accepted accounting principles.
ii. Tangible, Intangible Assets and Capital Work in Progress:
Intangible Assets are stated at cost less accumulated Depreciation.
Cost of acquisition or construction is inclusive of freight, duties,
taxes and incidental expenses incurred during construction period.
Capital Work-in-Progress comprises cost of fixed assets that are not
ready for its intended use at the reporting date. Expenditure during
construction period that are directly attributable to the cost of
bringing the assets to its working conditions and all common costs
allocated on rational basis are treated as 'Pre-Operative Expenses'
pending allocation and are shown under 'Capital Work-in Progress'
and the same are allocated on pro-rata basis to the assets capitalized
on commencement of commercial operations.
Items of expenditure that meet the recognition criteria as mentioned in
Accounting Standard are classified as intangible Assets.
iii. Depreciation/Amortization :
Depreciation on tangible assets have been provided on Straight Line
Method at the rates in the manner specified in Schedule XIV to the
Companies Act, 1956.Low value items costing individually Rs.5,000/- or
less are fully depreciated in the year of purchase. Depreciation is
charged on pro-rata basis in respect of assets acquired/ sold during
the year.
Post impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying value
of the asset over its remaining useful life.
Leasehold Building Developments are amortized at lower of period of
lease or ten years.
Intangible Assets are amortised over a period of economic benefits not
exceeding ten years.
iv. Impairment of Assets:
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets
exceeds its recoverable value and impairment loss is charged to profit
and loss account in the year in which an asset is identified as
impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting periods is
reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable
amount.
v. Leases :
Assets acquired under finance lease are recognized at the lower of the
fair value of leased assets at inception and the present value of
minimum lease payments, lease payments are apportioned between the
finance charges and the reduction of the outstanding liability. The
finance charges are allocated to the period during the lease term at a
constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the
liability.
In respect of fixed assets taken on finance lease, when there is
reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end
of the lease term, depreciation is provided in accordance with the
policy followed by the Company for owned assets.
vi. Inventories:
Inventories (other than By-products) are valued at lower of cost or net
realizable value.
Cost of inventories is determined on weighted average. Cost of finished
goods and Work in Progress has been worked out on absorption cost
basis.
By- products and residuals are valued at net realizable value.
vii. Taxes on Income:
a) Current tax is determined on the amount of tax payable in respect of
taxable income for the year.
b) Deferred tax assets/liabilities are provided on significant timing
differences arising from the different treatments in accounting and
taxation of relevant items. Deferred tax assets/liabilities shall be
reviewed as at each Balance Sheet date, based on development during the
year, to reassess realization/liabilities.
c) Deferred Tax Assets in respect of Accumulated Loss and Unabsorbed
Depreciation are recognized and carried forward only if there is
virtual certainty of its realization.
d) Deferred Tax resulting from timing difference which originate during
the tax holiday period but are expected to reverse after tax holiday
period is recognized in the year in which the timing differences
originate using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted
by the balance sheet date.
e) Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) credit is recognized as an asset only
when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company
will be in a position to avail such credit under the provisions of the
Income Tax Act, 1961.
viii. Revenue Recognition :
Revenue is recognized to the extent it is probable that the economic
benefits will flow to the company and revenue can be reliably measured.
The Company recognizes sale of goods when the significant risks and
rewards of ownership are transferred to the customer.
Sales include Excise Duty, Administrative Charges & Entry Tax etc and
exclude Sales Tax/Value Added Tax. Revenue from sale of power is
recognized when the units generated are transmitted to the pooling
station, in accordance with the terms and conditions of the power
purchase agreement entered into by the Company with the purchasing
parties.
Interest Income is accounted on accrual basis.
ix. Borrowing Costs:
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or
construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as a part of the cost
of such assets, when such asset is ready for its intended use. All
other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.
x. Foreign Currency Transactions:
Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate
prevailing on the date of transaction. Monetary items denominated in
foreign currencies at the year end translated at the year end rates
which is likely to be realized from, or required to disburse at the
balance sheet date. Exchange differences arising on settlement of
monetary items at rates different from those at which they were
initially recorded / reported in financial statements are recognized as
income or expense in the year in which they arise except exchange
differences on liabilities/ assets incurred for acquisition of fixed
assets from outside India which are capitalized/ decapitalised. Premium
in respect of forward contract is accounted for over the period of the
contract.
xi. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:
Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement
are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past
events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources.
Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in notes.
Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial
statements.
xii. Employee Benefits :
a) Short -term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the
undiscounted amount in the Profit & Loss Account of the period in which
the related service is rendered.
b) Long -term employee benefits are recognized as an expense in the
Profit & Loss Account for the year in which the employee has rendered
services. The expenses are recognized at the present value of the
amount payable as per actuarial valuations, using Projected Unit Credit
Method. Actuarial gains and losses in respect of such benefits are
recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.
Mar 31, 2011
I. Basis of Accounting:
The Company follows the Mercantile System of Accounting and recognizes
Income and Expenditure on Accrual Basis. The financial statements are
prepared under the historical cost convention and are in accordance
with the requirements of Companies Act, 1956, applicable Accounting
Standards and accepted accounting principles.
ii. Fixed Assets and Capital Work in Progress:
Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated Depreciation. Cost of
acquisition or construction is inclusive of freight, duties, taxes and
incidental expenses incurred during construction period.
Capital Work-in-Progress comprises cost of fixed assets that are not
ready for its intended use at the reporting date. Expenditure during
construction period that are directly attributable to the cost of
bringing the assets to its working conditions and all common costs
allocated on rational basis are treated as 'Pre-Operative Expenses'
pending allocation and are shown under 'Capital Work-in Progress' and
the same are allocated on pro-rata basis to the assets capitalized on
commencement of commercial operations.
Items of expenditure that meet the recognition criteria as mentioned in
Accounting Standard are classified as intangible Assets.
iii. Depreciation/Amortization :
Depreciation on fixed assets have been provided on Straight Line Method
at the rates in the manner specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies
Act, 1956. Low value items costing individually Rs. 5,000/- or less are
fully depreciated in the year of purchase. Depreciation is charged on
pro-rata basis in respect of assets acquired/sold during the year.
Post impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying value
of the asset over its remaining useful life.
Leasehold Developments are amortized at lower of period of lease or ten
years.
Intangible Assets are amortised over a period of economic benefits not
exceeding ten years.
iv. Leases :
Assets acquired under finance lease are recognized at the lower of the
fair value of leased assets at inception and the present value of
minimum lease payments, lease payments are apportioned between the
finance charges and the reduction of the outstanding liability. The
finance charges are allocated to the period during the lease term at a
constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the
liability.
In respect of fixed assets taken on finance lease, when there is
reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end
of the lease term, depreciation is provided in accordance with the
policy followed by the Company for owned assets.
v. Inventories:
Inventories (other than By-products) are valued at lower of cost or net
realizable value.
Cost of inventories is determined on weighted average. Cost of finished
goods and Work in Progress has been worked out on absorption cost
basis.
By- products and residuals are valued at net realizable value.
vi. Taxes on Income:
a) Current tax is determined on the amount of tax payable in respect of
taxable income for the year. Fringe Benefit Tax is determined at
current applicable rates on expenses falling within the ambit of fringe
benefits as defined under the Income Tax Act,1961.
b) Deferred tax assets/liabilities are provided on significant timing
differences arising from the different treat- ments in accounting and
taxation of relevant items. Deferred tax assets/liabilities shall be
reviewed as at each Balance Sheet date, based on development during the
year, to reassess realization/liabilities.
c) Deferred Tax Assets in respect of Accumulated Loss and Unabsorbed
Depreciation are recognized and carried forward only if there is
virtual certainty of its realization.
d) Deferred Tax resulting from timing difference which originate during
the tax holiday period but are expected to reverse after tax holiday
period is recognized in the year in which the timing differences
originate using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted
by the balance sheet date.
e) Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) credit is recognized as an asset only
when and to the extent there is convinc- ing evidence that the Company
will be in a position to avail such credit under the provisions of the
Income Tax Act, 1961.
vii Sales :
Sales include Excise Duty, Administrative Charges & Entry Tax etc and
exclude Sales TaxA/alue Added Tax.
viii. Borrowing Costs:
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or
construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as a part of the cost
of such assets, when such asset is ready for its intended use. All
other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.
ix. Impairment of Assets:
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets
exceeds its recoverable value and impairment loss is charged to profit
and loss account in the year in which an asset is identified as
impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting periods is
reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable
amount.
x. Foreign Currency Transactions:
Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate
prevailing on the date of transaction. Monetary items denominated in
foreign currencies at the year end translated at the year end rates
which is likely to be realized from, or required to disburse at the
balance sheet date. Exchange differences arising on settlement of
monetary items at rates different from those at which they were
initially recorded / reported in financial statements are recognized as
income or expense in the year in which they arise except exchange
differences on liabilities/ assets incurred for acquisition of fixed
assets from outside India which are capitalized/ decapitalised. Premium
in respect of forward contract is accounted for over the period of the
contract.
xi. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:
Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement
are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past
events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources.
Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in notes.
Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial
statements.
xii Employee Benefits :
a) Short -term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the
undiscounted amount in the Profit & Loss Account of the period in which
the related service is rendered.
b) Long -term employee benefits are recognized as an expense in the
Profit & Loss Account for the year in which the employee has rendered
services. The expenses are recognized at the present value of the
amount payable as per actuarial valuations, using Projected Unit Credit
Method. Actuarial gains and losses in respect of such benefits are
recognized in the Profit and loss Account.
Mar 31, 2010
I. Basis of Accounting:
The Company follows the Mercantile System of Accounting and recognizes
Income and Expenditure on Accrual Basis. The financial statements are
prepared under the historical cost convention and are in accordance
with the requirements of Companies Act, 1956, applicable Accounting
Standards and accepted accounting principles.
ii. Fixed Assets and Capital Work in Progress:
Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated Depreciation. Cost of
acquisition or construction is inclusive of freight, duties, taxes and
incidental expenses incurred during construction period.
Capital Work-in-Progress comprises cost of fixed assets that are not
ready for its intended use at the reporting date. Expenditure during
construction period that are directly attributable to the cost of
bringing the assets to its working conditions and all common costs
allocated on rational basis are treated as Pre-Operative Expenses
pending allocation and are shown under Capital Work-in Progress and
the same are allocated on pro-rata basis to the assets capitalized on
commencement of commercial operations.
iii. Depreciation/Amortization :
Depreciation on fixed assets have been provided on Straight Line Method
at the rates in the manner specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies
Act, 1956low value items costing individually Rs. 5,000/- or less are
fully depreciated in the year of purchase. Depreciation is charged on
pro-rata basis in respect of assets acquired/sold during the year.
Post impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying value
of the asset over its remaining useful life.
Leasehold Developments are amortized at lower of period of lease or ten
years.
iv. Leases :
Assets acquired under finance lease are recognized at the lower of the
fair value of leased assets at inception and the present value of
minimum lease payments, lease payments are apportioned between the
finance charges and the reduction of the outstanding liability. The
finance charges are allocated to the period during the lease term at a
constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the
liability.
In respect of fixed assets taken on finance lease, when there is
reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end
of the lease term, depreciation is provided in accordance with the
policy followed by the Company for owned assets.
v. Investments:
Long Term Investments are valued at cost less provision for permanent
diminution in value of investments, if any.
vi. Inventories:
Inventories (other than By-products) are valued at lower of cost or net
realizable value.
Cost of inventories is determined on weighted average. Cost of finished
goods and Work in Progress has been worked out on absorption cost
basis.
By-products and residuals are valued at net realizable value.
vii. Taxes on income:
a) Current tax is determined on the amount of tax payable in respect of
taxable income for the year. Fringe Benefit Tax is determined at
current applicable rates on expenses falling within the ambit of fringe
benefits as defined under the Income Tax Act,1961.
b) Deferred tax assets/liabilities are provided on significant timing
differences arising from the different treatments in accounting and
taxation of relevant items. Deferred tax assets/liabilities shall be
reviewed as at each Balance Sheet date, based on development during the
year, to reassess realization/liabilities.
c) Deferred Tax Assets in respect of Accumulated Loss and Unabsorbed
Depreciation are recognized and carried forward only if there is
virtual certainty of its realization.
d) Deferred Tax resulting from timing difference which originate during
the tax holiday period but are expected to reverse after tax holiday
period is recognized in the year in which the timing differences
originate using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted
by the balance sheet date.
e) Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) credit is recognized as an asset only
when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company
will be in a position to avail such credit under the provisions of the
Income Tax Act, 1961.
viii. Sales :
Sales include Excise Duty, Administrative Charges & Entry Tax etc and
exclude Sales Tax/Value Added Tax.
ix. Borrowing Costs:
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or
construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as a part of the cost
of such assets, when such asset is ready for its intended use. All
other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.
x. Impairment of Assets:
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets
exceeds its recoverable value and impairment loss is charged to profit
and loss account in the year in which an asset is identified as
impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting periods is
reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable
amount.
xi. Foreign Currency Transactions:
Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate
prevailing on the date of transaction. Monetary items denominated in
foreign currencies at the year end translated at the year end rates
which is likely to be realized from, or required to disburse at the
balance sheet date. Exchange differences arising on settlement of
monetary items at rates different from those at which they were
initially recorded / reported in financial statements are recognized as
income or expense in the year in which they arise except exchange
differences on liabilities/assets incurred for acquisition of fixed
assets from outside India which are capitalized/ decapitalised. Premium
in respect of forward contract is accounted for over the period of the
contract.
xii. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:
Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement
are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past
events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources.
Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in notes.
Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial
statements.
xiii. Employee Benefits :
a) Short-term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the
undiscounted amount in the Profit & Loss Account of the period in which
the related service is rendered.
b) Long-term employee benefits are recognized as an expense in the
Profit & Loss Account for the year in which the employee has rendered
services. The expenses are recognized at the present value of the
amount payable as per actuarial valuations, using Projected Unit Credit
Method. Actuarial gains and losses in respect of such benefits are
recognized in the Profit and loss Account.
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