USA Musk, Page, Brin, Bezos, Zuckerberg
No annual wealth tax; federal estate tax kicks in above ~$13.99M (2025 threshold, inflation-indexed). Tax only triggers on sale; loans against stock are untaxed.
France e.g. Arnault, next-ranked non-American
Wealth tax on real estate only (IFI) since 2018; the old broad wealth tax was scrapped. Exit tax applies if a resident relocates abroad with large unrealized gains.
UK
No wealth tax; inheritance tax at 40% above threshold. Non-dom regime recently tightened.
India
No wealth tax (abolished 2015); no estate/inheritance tax. Promoter shareholding often structured through holding companies/trusts.
Germany
No wealth tax currently levied (constitutionally allowed but unused since 1997).
Denmark, Norway
Norway retains a net wealth tax. Among the highest-tax regimes for the wealthy.
UAE, Singapore, Hong Kong
No wealth tax. Common relocation destinations for tax residency planning.