Mar 31, 2022
1. General information
Andhra Paper Limited (âAPLâ/âthe Companyâ) is an integrated paper and pulp manufacturer. The equity shares of the Company are listed on BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India limited. APL was incorporated on June 29, 1964.
In October 2019, West Coast Paper Mills Limited, acquired controlling stake in the Company from the erstwhile Holding Company and public shareholders.
The addresses of its registered office and principal place of business are disclosed in the introduction to the annual report. APL owns and operates two manufacturing units located in the State of Andhra Pradesh, India, one at Rajamahendravaram and the other at Kadiyam in East Godavari District.
2. Significant accounting policies
The financial statements which comprise the Balance sheet, the Statement of Profit and Loss, the Cash flow statement and the Statement of changes in Equity (âFinancial Statementsâ) have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind ASs) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read together with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued thereafter. The Company has consistently applied accounting policies to all periods.
The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis and on the historical cost convention except for certain financial instruments that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies set out below.
Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for share-based payment transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 102, leasing transactions
that are within the scope of Ind AS 116, and measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as net realisable value in Ind AS 2 or value in use in Ind AS 36. In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised into Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:
⢠Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;
⢠Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly;
⢠Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
The principal accounting policies are set out below.
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires Management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of the accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.
The following are the critical judgements and estimates that have been made in the process of applying the Company''s accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements.
Property, plant and equipment represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset''s expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual values of Company''s assets are determined by Management at the time the asset is acquired and is reviewed at the end of each reporting period. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their life, such as changes in technology. This reassessment may result in change in depreciation expense in future periods.
Some of the Company''s assets and liabilities are measured at fair value for financial reporting purposes. In estimating the fair value of an asset or liability, the Company uses market-observable data to the extent available. Where Level 1 inputs are not available, the fair value is measured using valuation techniques, including the discounted cash flow model, which involves various judgments and assumptions. The Company also engages third party qualified valuers to perform the valuation in certain cases. The appropriateness of valuation techniques and inputs to the valuation model are reviewed by the Management.
The Company''s tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgements are involved in estimating budgeted profits for the purpose of paying advance tax, determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid / recovered for uncertain tax positions.
The Company uses actuarial assumptions viz., discount rate, mortality rates, salary escalation rate etc., to determine such employee benefit obligations.
The Company has ongoing litigations with various regulatory authorities and third parties. Where an outflow of funds is believed to be probable and a reliable estimate of the outcome of the dispute can be made based on management''s assessment of specific circumstances of each dispute and relevant external advice, management provides for its best estimate of the liability. Such accruals are by nature complex and can take number of years to resolve and can involve estimation uncertainty. Information about such litigations is disclosed in notes to the financial statements.
The Company evaluates if an arrangement qualifies to be a lease as per the requirements of Ind AS 116 Leases. Identification of a lease requires significant judgment. The Company uses significant judgement in assessing the lease term (including anticipated renewals) and the applicable discount rate. The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease, together with both periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise that option.
In assessing whether the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an option to extend a lease, or not to exercise an option to terminate a lease, it considers all relevant facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive for the Company to exercise the option to extend the lease, or not to exercise the option to terminate the lease. The Company revises the lease term if there is a change in the non-cancellable period of a lease. The discount rate is generally based on the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease being evaluated or for a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics.
The preparation of financial statements involves estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses for the reporting period. Specifically, the Company estimates the probability of collection of accounts receivable by analysing historical payment patterns, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness and current economic trends. If the financial condition of a customer deteriorates, additional allowances may be required.
D. Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes all charges in bringing the goods to the point of sale. Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.
The method of determining cost of various categories of inventories is as follows:
Raw materials (including packing materials) |
Weighted average cost |
Stores and spares |
Weighted average cost |
Work-in-progress |
Weighted average cost of |
and finished goods |
production which comprises of |
(manufactured) |
direct material costs, direct wages and applicable overheads. |
Stock-in-trade |
Weighted average cost |
E. Property, plant and equipment and Capital work in progress
Property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price net of any trade discounts and rebates, any import duties and other taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from the tax authorities), any directly
attributable expenditure in making the asset ready for its intended use and cost of borrowing till the date of capitalisation in the case of assets involving material investment and substantial lead time.
An item of Property, plant and equipment is de-recognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of asset. Any gain/ loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of Property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.
Depreciation on buildings is provided on the straight-line method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.
Depreciation on plant and equipment is provided on straight-line method over 10-25 years, based on the useful life assessed as per technical assessment, taking into account the nature of asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating conditions of the asset, past history of replacement, anticipated technological changes, maintenance report etc.
Depreciation on other tangible fixed assets viz. furniture and fixtures, office equipment and vehicles is provided on written down value method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.
The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.
Assets acquired under finance lease are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets. Leasehold improvements are amortised over the lower of estimated useful life and lease term.
Assets individually costing H 5,000 and below are fully depreciated in the period of acquisition.
Intangible assets are carried at cost, net of accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any. Cost of an intangible asset comprises of purchase price and attributable expenditure on making the asset ready for its intended use.
Intangible assets are amortised on the straight line method over their estimated useful life.
An intangible asset is derecognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, are recognised in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized.
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss. The Company follows âsimplified approach'' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If in subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12 month ECL.
Lifetime ECLs are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12 month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e. all shortfalls), discounted at the original Effective Interest Rate (EIR). When estimating the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:
(i) All contractual terms of the financial instrument (including
prepayment, extension etc.) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the financial instrument.
(ii) Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms.
As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward- looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in forward-looking estimates are analysed.
ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognised during the period is recognised as income/expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e. as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the Balance Sheet.
b) Non-financial assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that a non-financial asset or a group of non-financial assets is impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the amount of impairment loss.
An impairment loss is calculated as the difference between an asset''s carrying amount and recoverable amount. Losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and reflected in an allowance account. When the Company considers that there are no realistic prospects of recovery of the asset the relevant amounts are written off. If the amount of impairment loss subsequently decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised then the previously recognised impairment loss is reversed through the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The recoverable amount of an asset or cash generating unit is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using the pretax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. For the purpose of impairment testing assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generate cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or group of asset (âthe cash generating unitâ).
H. Functional and presentation currency
Items included in the financial statements of the Company are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (i.e. the âfunctional currencyâ). The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (H), the national currency of India, which is the functional currency of the Company.
I. Foreign currency transactions and translations
Foreign currency transactions are recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction or at rates that closely approximate the rate at the date of transactions. The date of transaction for the purpose of determining the exchange rate on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income (part of it) is the date on which the entity initially recognises the non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability arising from payment or receipt of advance consideration. Foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are restated into the functional currency using exchange rates prevailing on the balance sheet date. Gains and losses arising on settlement and restatement of foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured in terms of historical cost in foreign currencies are not translated.
J. Government grants
Government grants are not recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them and that the grants will be received.
Government grants related to revenue are recognised on a systematic basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs which they are intended to compensate. Such grants are deducted in reporting the related expense, as applicable. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as deferred revenue in the Balance Sheet and transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic and rational basis over the useful lives of the related assets.
The benefit of a government loan at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant and measured as the difference between proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market interest rates.
K. Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale.
Interest income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization.
All other borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
Employee benefits in the form of provident fund, superannuation, employees'' state insurance fund and labour welfare fund are considered as defined contribution plans and the contributions are charged to the profit and loss during the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due and as and when services are rendered by employees.
Eligible employees receive benefits from a provident fund. Both the employee and the Company make monthly contributions to the provident fund plan equal to a specified percentage of the covered employee''s salary. Rajahmundry unit of the Company makes the contributions to âThe Employee''s Provident Fund of The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Limited'' trust maintained by the Company, and for other locations the contributions are made to Regional Provident Fund Commissioner. The rate at which the annual interest is payable to the beneficiaries by the trust is determined by the Government. The Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investments of the trust and the notified interest rate. The Company has no further obligations.
Certain employees of the Company are participants in the superannuation plan (âthe Plan'') which is a defined contribution plan. The Company contributes to the superannuation fund maintained with an Insurer.
In accordance with the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, as amended, the Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan (âthe Gratuity Plan'') covering eligible employees. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump-
sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee''s salary and the tenure of employment with the Company. Liabilities with regard to the Gratuity Plan are determined by actuarial valuation at each Balance Sheet date using the projected unit credit method. The Company fully contributes all ascertained liabilities to the gratuity fund maintained with the Insurer.
Defined benefit costs are categorised as follows:
a. service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements);
b. net interest expense or income; and
c. re-measurement
The Company presents the first two components of defined benefit costs in profit or loss in the line item âEmployee benefits expense''. Curtailment gains and losses are accounted for as past service costs. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset.
Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), is reflected immediately in the balance sheet with a charge or credit recognised in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognised in other comprehensive income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and is not reclassified to profit or loss.
The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences. The employees can carry forward a portion of the unutilised accumulating compensated absences and utilise it in future periods or receive cash at retirement or termination of employment. The Company records an obligation for compensated absences in the period in which the employee renders the services that increases this entitlement. The Company measures the expected cost of compensated absences as the additional amount that the Company expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the end of the reporting period. The Company fully contributes all ascertained liabilities to the fund maintained with the Insurer. The Company recognises accumulated compensated absences based on actuarial valuation. Non-accumulating compensated absences are recognised in the period in which the absences occur.
Revenue is recognised upon transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue is reduced for estimated customer returns, rebates and other similar allowances, taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. An entity shall recognise revenue when the entity satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a goods or services (i.e. an asset) to a customer. An asset is transferred when the customer obtains control of that asset.
Export benefits are recognised on an accrual basis and when there is a reasonable certainty of realisation of such benefits / incentives.
Dividend income from investments is recognised when the shareholder''s right to receive payment has been established.
Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset''s net carrying amount on initial recognition.
d) Insurance and other claims/refunds are accounted for as and when admitted by appropriate authorities.
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial asset or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial asset or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in the Statement of the Profit and Loss. While, loans and borrowings and payables are recognised net of directly attributable transaction costs.
Purchase or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trade) are recognised on trade date.
For the purpose of subsequent measurement, financial instruments of the Company are classified in the following categories: Non-derivative financial assets comprising amortised cost, investments in subsidiaries, equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI) or fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) and non-derivative financial liabilities at amortised cost. Management determines the classification of its financial instruments at initial recognition.
The classification of financial instruments depends on the objective of the Company''s business model for which it is held and on the substance of the contractual terms / arrangements.
A financial asset shall be measured at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:
- the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and
- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
They are presented as current assets, except for those maturing later than 12 months after the reporting date which are presented as non-current assets. Financial assets are measured initially at fair value plus transaction costs and subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment loss.
Financial assets at amortised cost are represented by trade receivables, security deposits, cash and cash equivalents, loans / Inter-Corporate deposits given / placed and eligible current and non-current assets.
Cash comprises cash on hand, cash at bank, cheques on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.
On initial recognition, these instruments are recognised at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequently they are measured at cost.
On initial recognition, the Company can make an irrevocable election (on an instrument-by-instrument basis) to present the subsequent changes in fair value in other comprehensive income (OCI) pertaining to investments in equity instruments. This election is not permitted if the equity investment is held for trading. These elected investments are initially measured at fair value plus transaction costs. Subsequently, they are measured at fair value with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the âequity instruments through other comprehensive incomeâ. The cumulative gain or loss is not reclassified to profit or loss on disposal of the investments.
A financial asset is held for trading if:
- It has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term; or
- On initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and has a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or
- It is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedge instrument or a financial guarantee.
Dividends on these investments in equity instruments are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the Company''s right to receive the dividends is established and the amount of dividend can be measured reliably.
FVTPL is a residual category for financial assets. A financial asset which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortised cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as FVTPL.
In addition, the Company may elect to designate the financial asset, which otherwise meets amortised cost or FVTOCI criteria, as FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency.
Financial assets included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The net gain or loss recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss incorporates any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset and is included in the âOther income'' line item.
The Company de-recognises financial assets when the contractual right to the cash flows from the asset expires or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. On de-recognition of a financial asset (except as mentioned above for financial assets measured at FVTOCI), the difference between the carrying amount and the consideration received and receivable is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on re-measurement recognised in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognised in profit or loss incorporates any interest paid on the financial liability and is included in the âOther income'' line item.
Financial liabilities at amortised cost represented by borrowings, trade and other payables are initially recognized at fair value, and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.
The Company de-recognises financial liabilities, when and only when, the Company''s obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. The difference between the
carrying amount of the financial liabilities de-recognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
O. Leases
âThe Company''s lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for building, plant & machinery and vehicles. The Company, at the inception of a contract, assesses whether the contract is a lease or not. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a time in exchange for a consideration.
The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received
The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term.
The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the Company''s incremental borrowing rate. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Company''s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if the Company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option. When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.
The Company has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense over the lease term.
P. Taxation
Income tax expense represent the sum of the current tax and deferred tax.
Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions
of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Taxable profit differs from âprofit before tax'' as reported in the statement of profit and loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible under the Income-tax Act, 1961. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the current tax amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date and applicable for the period. The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and liability simultaneously.
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit. In addition, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of goodwill.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of such deferred tax assets to be utilised.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.
Q. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present
obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event,
it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the
obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money is material).
When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, a receivable is recognised as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably.
A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not require an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits or the amount of such obligation cannot be measured reliably. When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which likelihood of outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit/ (loss) before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated based on the available information.
For the purpose of presentation in the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/ (loss) attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
Diluted earnings per share is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
Significant gains/losses or expenses incurred arising from external events that is not expected to recur are disclosed as âExceptional item''.
Ministry of corporate affairs (âMCAâ) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. On March 23, 2022, MCA amended the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2022, as below:
The amendment clarifies that excess of net sale proceeds of items produced over the cost of testing if any, shall not be recognised in the profit or loss but deducted from the directly attributable costs considered as part of cost of an item of property, plant, and equipment. The effective date for adoption of this amendment is annual periods beginning on or after April 1,2022. The Company has evaluated the amendment and there is no impact on its financial statements.
The amendment specifies that the âcost of fulfilling a contract comprises the âcosts that relate directly to the contract. Costs that relate directly to a contract can either be incremental costs of fulfilling that contract (examples would be direct labour, materials) or an allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling contracts (an example would be the allocation of the depreciation charge for an item of property, plant and equipment used in fulfilling the contract). The effective date for adoption of this amendment is annual periods beginning on or after April 1, 2022, although early adoption is permitted. The Company has evaluated the amendment and there is no impact on its financial statements.
Mar 31, 2019
1. General information
International Paper APPM Limited ("IPAPPM"/"the Company") is an integrated paper and pulp manufacturer. The equity shares of the Company are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange in India. IPAPPM was incorporated on June 29, 1964.
In October 2011, International Paper Company, USA, through IP Holding Asia Singapore Pte. Limited acquired controlling stake in the Company from the erstwhile promoters and public shareholders.
The addresses of its registered office and principal place of business are disclosed in the introduction to the annual report. IPAPPM owns and operates two manufacturing units located in the State of Andhra Pradesh, India, one at Rajamahendravaram and the other at Kadiyam in East Godavari District.
2. Significant accounting policies
A. Statement of compliance
The financial statements which comprise the Balance sheet, the Statement of Profit and Loss, the Cash flow statement and the Statement of changes in Equity ("Financial Statements") have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind ASs) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read together with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued thereafter. Except for the changes below, the Company has consistently applied accounting policies to all periods.
The Company has adopted Ind AS 115 ''Revenue from Contracts with Customers'' with the date of initial application being April 01, 2018. Ind AS 115 established a comprehensive framework on revenue recognition and replaces Ind AS 18 -Revenue and Ind AS 11 - Construction Contracts. There are no material adjustments arising on transition.
On March 28, 2018, Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2018 containing Appendix B to Ind AS 21, Foreign currency transactions and advance consideration which clarified the date of the transaction for the purpose of determining the exchange rate to use on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income, when an entity has received or paid consideration in a foreign currency. The Company has evaluated the effect of this amendment on the financial statements and concluded that the impact is not material.
B. Basis of preparation and presentation
The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis and on the historical cost convention except for certain financial instruments that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies set out below.
Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for share-based payment transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 102, leasing transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 17, and measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as net realizable value in Ind AS 2 or value in use in Ind AS 36. In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorized into Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:
- Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;
- Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly;
- Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
The principal accounting policies are set out below.
C. Use of estimates and judgments
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires Management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of the accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.
The following are the critical judgments and estimates that have been made in the process of applying the Company''s accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements.
a) Useful lives of Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset''s expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual values of Company''s assets are determined by Management at the time the asset is acquired and is reviewed at the end of each reporting period. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their life, such as changes in technology. This reassessment may result in change in depreciation expense in future periods.
b) Fair value measurement of financial instruments
Some of the Company''s assets and liabilities are measured at fair value for financial reporting purposes. In estimating the fair value of an asset or liability, the Company uses market-observable data to the extent available. Where Level 1 inputs are not available, the fair value is measured using valuation techniques, including the discounted cash flow model, which involves various judgments and assumptions. The Company also engages third party qualified valuers to perform the valuation in certain cases. The appropriateness of valuation techniques and inputs to the valuation model are reviewed by the Management.
c) Income taxes
The Company''s tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgments are involved in estimating budgeted profits for the purpose of paying advance tax, determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid / recovered for uncertain tax positions.
d) Defined benefit obligations
The Company uses actuarial assumptions viz., discount rate, mortality rates, salary escalation rate etc., to determine such employee benefit obligations.
e) Claims, provisions and contingent liabilities
The Company has ongoing litigations with various regulatory authorities and third parties. Where an outflow of funds is believed to be probable and a reliable estimate of the outcome of the dispute can be made based on management''s assessment of specific circumstances of each dispute and relevant external advice, management provides for its best estimate of the liability. Such accruals are by nature complex and can take number of years to resolve and can involve estimation uncertainty. Information about such litigations is disclosed in notes to the financial statements.
f) Other estimates
The preparation of financial statements involves estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses for the reporting period. Specifically, the Company estimates the probability of collection of accounts receivable by analysing historical payment patterns, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness and current economic trends. If the financial condition of a customer deteriorates, additional allowances may be required.
D. Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes all charges in bringing the goods to the point of sale. Net realizable value represents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.
E. Property, plant and equipment and Capital work in progress
Property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price net of any trade discounts and rebates, any import duties and other taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from the tax authorities), any directly attributable expenditure in making the asset ready for its intended use and cost of borrowing till the date of capitalization in the case of assets involving material investment and substantial lead time.
An item of Property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of asset. Any gain/loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of Property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognized in the statement of profit or loss.
Depreciation
Depreciation on buildings is provided on the straight-line method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.
Depreciation on plant and equipment is provided on straight-line method over 10-25 years, based on the useful life assessed as per technical assessment, taking into account the nature of asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating conditions of the asset, past history of replacement, anticipated technological changes, maintenance report etc.
Depreciation on other tangible fixed assets viz. furniture and fixtures, office equipment and vehicles is provided on written down value method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.
The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.
Assets acquired under finance lease are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lower of estimated useful life and lease term.
Assets individually costing Rs, 15,000 and below are fully depreciated in the year of acquisition.
F. Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are carried at cost, net of accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any. Cost of an intangible asset comprises of purchase price and attributable expenditure on making the asset ready for its intended use.
Intangible assets are amortized on the straight line method over their estimated useful life.
An intangible asset is derecognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, are recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized.
G. Impairment
a) Financial assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss. The Company follows ''simplified approach'' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If in subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12 month ECL.
Lifetime ECLs are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12 month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e. all shortfalls), discounted at the original Effective Interest Rate (EIR). When estimating the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:
(i) All contractual terms of the financial instrument (including prepayment, extension etc.) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the financial instrument.
(ii) Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms.
As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in forward-looking estimates are analyzed.
ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income/expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e. as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the Balance Sheet.
b) Non-financial assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that a non-financial asset or a group of non-financial assets is impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the amount of impairment loss.
An impairment loss is calculated as the difference between an asset''s carrying amount and recoverable amount. Losses are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss and reflected in an allowance account. When the Company considers that there are no realistic prospects of recovery of the asset the relevant amounts are written off. If the amount of impairment loss subsequently decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognized then the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The recoverable amount of an asset or cash generating unit is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using the pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. For the purpose of impairment testing assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generate cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or group of asset ("the cash generating unit").
H. Functional and presentation currency
Items included in the financial statements of the
Company are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (i.e. the "functional currency"). The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (''), the national currency of India, which is the functional currency of the Company.
I. Foreign currency transactions and translations
Foreign currency transactions are recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction or at rates that closely approximate the rate at the date of transactions. The date of transaction for the purpose of determining the exchange rate on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income (part of it) is the date on which the entity initially recognizes the nonmonetary asset or non-monetary liability arising from payment or receipt of advance consideration. Foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are restated into the functional currency using exchange rates prevailing on the balance sheet date. Gains and losses arising on settlement and restatement of foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are recognized in the statement of profit and loss. Nonmonetary assets and liabilities that are measured in terms of historical cost in foreign currencies are not translated.
J. Government grants
Government grants are not recognized until there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them and that the grants will be received.
Government grants related to revenue are recognized on a systematic basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs which they are intended to compensate. Such grants are deducted in reporting the related expense, as applicable. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as deferred revenue in the Balance Sheet and transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic and rational basis over the useful lives of the related assets.
The benefit of a government loan at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant and measured as the difference between proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market interest rates.
K. Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale.
Interest income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization.
All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
L. Employee benefits
a) Defined contribution plans
Employee benefits in the form of provident fund, superannuation, employees'' state insurance fund and labour welfare fund are considered as defined contribution plans and the contributions are charged to the profit and loss during the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due and as and when services are rendered by employees.
Provident fund
Eligible employees receive benefits from a provident fund. Both the employee and the Company make monthly contributions to the provident fund plan equal to a specified percentage of the covered employee''s salary. Rajahmundry unit of the Company makes the contributions to ''The Employee''s Provident Fund of The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Limited'' trust maintained by the Company, and for other locations the contributions are made to Regional Provident Fund Commissioner. The rate at which the annual interest is payable to the beneficiaries by the trust is determined by the Government. The Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investments of the trust and the notified interest rate. The Company has no further obligations.
Superannuation
Certain employees of the Company are participants in the superannuation plan (''the Plan'') which is a defined contribution plan. The Company contributes to the superannuation fund maintained with an Insurer.
b) Defined benefit plans Gratuity
In accordance with the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, as amended, the Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan (''the Gratuity Plan'') covering eligible employees. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump-sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee''s salary and the tenure of employment with the Company. Liabilities with regard to the Gratuity Plan are determined by actuarial valuation at each Balance Sheet date using the projected unit credit method. The Company fully contributes all ascertained liabilities to the gratuity fund maintained with the Insurer.
Defined benefit costs are categorized as follows:
a. service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements);
b. net interest expense or income; and
c. re-measurement
The Company presents the first two components of defined benefit costs in profit or loss in the line item ''Employee benefits expense''. Curtailment gains and losses are accounted for as past service costs. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset.
Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), is reflected immediately in the balance sheet with a charge or credit recognized in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognized in other comprehensive income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and is not reclassified to profit or loss.
c) Short-term and other long-term employee benefits
The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences. The employees can carry forward a portion of the unutilized accumulating compensated absences and utilize it in future periods or receive cash at retirement or termination of employment. The Company records an obligation for compensated absences in the period in which the employee renders the services that increases this entitlement. The Company measures the expected cost of compensated absences as the additional amount that the Company expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the end of the reporting period. The Company fully contributes all ascertained liabilities to the fund maintained with the Insurer. The Company recognizes accumulated compensated absences based on actuarial valuation. Non-accumulating compensated absences are recognized in the period in which the absences occur.
M. Revenue recognition
a) Sale of goods
Revenue is recognized upon transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue is reduced for estimated customer returns, rebates and other similar allowances, taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. An entity shall recognize revenue when the entity satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a goods or services (i.e an asset) to a customer. An asset is transferred when the customer obtains control of that asset.
b) Export benefits
Export benefits are recognized on an accrual basis and when there is a reasonable certainty of realization of such benefits / incentives.
c) Other income
Dividend income from investments is recognized when the shareholder''s right to receive payment has been established.
Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset''s net carrying amount on initial recognition.
d) I nsurance and other claims/refunds are accounted for as and when admitted by appropriate authorities.
N. Financial Instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial asset or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial asset or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognized immediately in the Statement of the Profit and Loss. While, loans and borrowings and payables are recognized net of directly attributable transaction costs.
Purchase or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trade) are recognized on trade date.
For the purpose of subsequent measurement, financial instruments of the Company are classified in the following categories: Non-derivative financial assets comprising amortized cost, investments in subsidiaries, equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI) or fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) and no derivative financial liabilities at amortized cost.
Management determines the classification of its financial instruments at initial recognition.
The classification of financial instruments depends on the objective of the Company''s business model for which it is held and on the substance of the contractual terms / arrangements.
a) Non - derivative financial assets
i. Financial assets at amortized cost
A financial asset shall be measured at amortized cost if both of the following conditions are met:
- the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and
- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
They are presented as current assets, except for those maturing later than 12 months after the reporting date which are presented as non-current assets. Financial assets are measured initially at fair value plus transaction costs and subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment loss.
Financial assets at amortized cost are represented by trade receivables, security deposits, cash and cash equivalents, loans / Inter-Corporate deposits given / placed and eligible current and non-current assets.
Cash comprises cash on hand, cash at bank, cheques on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.
ii. Investments in subsidiaries
On initial recognition, these instruments are recognized at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequently they are measured at cost.
iii. Investments in Equity instruments at FVTOCI
On initial recognition, the Company can make an irrevocable election (on an instrument-by-instrument basis) to present the subsequent changes in fair value in other comprehensive income (OCI) pertaining to investments in equity instruments. This election is not permitted if the equity investment is held for trading. These elected investments are initially measured at fair value plus transaction costs. Subsequently, they are measured at fair value with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the "equity instruments through other comprehensive income". The cumulative gain or loss is not reclassified to profit or loss on disposal of the investments.
A financial asset is held for trading if:
- It has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term; or
- On initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and has a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or
- It is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedge instrument or a financial guarantee.
Dividends on these investments in equity instruments are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the Company''s right to receive the dividends is established and the amount of dividend can be measured reliably.
iv. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
FVTPL is a residual category for financial assets. A financial asset which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as FVTPL.
In addition, the Company may elect to designate the financial asset, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency.
Financial assets included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any gains or losses arising on re-measurement recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The net gain or loss recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss incorporates any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset and is included in the ''Other income'' line item.
De-recognition of financial assets
The Company de-recognizes financial assets when the contractual right to the cash flows from the asset expires or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. On de-recognition of a financial asset (except as mentioned above for financial assets measured at FVTOCI), the difference between the carrying amount and the consideration received and receivable is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
b) Non-derivative financial liabilities
i. Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognized in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognized in profit or loss incorporates any interest paid on the financial liability and is included in the ''Other income'' line item.
ii. Financial liability subsequently measured at amortized cost
Financial liabilities at amortized cost represented by borrowings, trade and other payables are initially recognized at fair value, and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.
De-recognition of financial liabilities
The Company de-recognizes financial liabilities, when and only when, the Company''s obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liabilities de-recognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
O. Leases Finance Lease
Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
Assets held under finance leases are initially recognized as assets of the Company at their fair value at the inception of the lease or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability to the less or is included in the balance sheet as a finance lease obligation.
Operating Lease
Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vest with the lessor, are recognized as operating lease. Operating lease payments are recognized on a straight line basis over the lease term in the Statement of Profit and Loss, unless the lease agreement explicitly states that increase is on account of inflation.
P. Taxation
Income tax expense represent the sum of the current tax and deferred tax.
i. Current tax
Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Taxable profit differs from ''profit before tax'' as reported in the statement of profit and loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible under the Income-tax Act, 1961. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the current tax amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date and applicable for the period. The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and liability simultaneously.
ii. Deferred Tax
Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit. In addition, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of goodwill.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of such deferred tax assets to be utilized.
Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws in India, which gives future economic benefits in the form of availability of set-off against future income tax liability. Accordingly, MAT is recognized as a deferred tax asset in the Balance Sheet when the asset can be measured reliably and it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with it will be realised.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.
Q. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money is material).
When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, a receivable is recognized as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably.
A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not require an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits or the amount of such obligation cannot be measured reliably. When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which likelihood of outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
R. Cash flow statements
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit/ (loss) before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated based on the available information.
S. Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/ (loss) attributable to the equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
Diluted earnings per share is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
T. Exceptional item
Significant gains/losses or expenses incurred arising from external events that is not expected to recur are disclosed as ''Exceptional item''.
U. New standards and interpretations not yet adopted
Ind AS 116 - Leases
On March 30, 2019, Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified Ind AS 116, Leases. Ind AS 116 which will replace the existing leases Standard, Ind AS 17 Leases, and related Interpretations. The Standard sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract i.e., the lessee and the less or. Ind AS 116 introduces a single lessee accounting model and requires a lessee to recognize assets and liabilities for all leases with a term of more than twelve months, unless the underlying asset is of low value. Currently, operating lease expenses are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. The standard also contains enhanced disclosure requirements for lessees. Ind AS 116 substantially carries forward the less or accounting requirements in Ind AS 17.
The effective date for adoption of Ind AS 116 is annual periods beginning on or after 1 April 2019. The standard permits two possible methods of transition:
- Full retrospective - Retrospectively to each prior period presented applying Ind AS 8
Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors
- Modified retrospective - Retrospectively, with the cumulative effect of initially applying the Standard recognized at the date of initial application.
Amendment to Ind AS 12 - Income taxes:
On 30 March 2019, Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued amendments to the guidance in Ind AS 12, ''Income Taxes'', in connection with accounting for dividend distribution taxes.
The amendment clarifies that an entity shall recognize the income tax consequences of dividends in profit or loss, other comprehensive income or equity according to where the entity originally recognized those past transactions or events.
Effective date for application of this amendment is annual period beginning on or after 1 April 2019.
Amendment to Ind AS 19 - plan amendment, curtailment or settlement:
On 30 March 2019, Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued amendments to Ind AS 19, ''Employee Benefits'', in connection with accounting for plan amendments, curtailments and settlements.
The amendments require an entity:
- to use updated assumptions to determine current service cost and net interest for the remainder of the period after a plan amendment, curtailment or settlement; and
- to recognize in profit or loss as part of past service cost, or a gain or loss on settlement, any reduction in a surplus, even if that surplus was not previously recognized because of the impact of the asset ceiling.
Effective date for application of this amendment is annual period beginning on or after 1 April 2019.
The Company is evaluating the effect of the above on its financial statements.
Notes:
(i) Loans considered good - Unsecured includes Inter-Corporate Deposit (ICD) placed by the Company with Citicorp Finance (India) Limited. Maximum amount outstanding during the year was Rs, 3,000 lakhs and amount outstanding as at March 31, 2019 is Rs, 2,000 lakhs at the interest rate of 7.15% per annum, which is maturing on April 15, 2019.
(ii) In respect of the above ICD given, the Management has concluded, based on a legal opinion obtained by it, that the provisions of Section 186 of the Companies Act, 2013 have been complied with.
Notes:
(i) The cost of inventories recognized as an expense during the year has been disclosed on the face of the Statement of Profit and Loss.
(ii) There are no inventories expected to be recovered after more than twelve months.
Notes:
(i) The average credit period on sale is 17 days. No interest is charged on trade receivables for the first 30 days from the date of the invoice. Thereafter, interest is charged at 15% per annum on the outstanding balance.
(ii) Before accepting any new customer, the Company has a credit evaluating system to assess the potential customer''s credit quality and defines credit limits by customer. Limits and scoring attributed to customers are reviewed twice a year. Of the trade receivables balance, Rs, 392.29 lakhs (as at March 31, 2018: Rs, 852.10 lakhs) is due from customers who represent more than 5% of the total balance of trade receivables.
(iii) The Company maintains an allowance of doubtful accounts based on financial condition of the customer, ageing of customer receivable and overdues, available collaterals and historical experience of collections from customers. Accordingly, the Company creates provision towards doubtful receivables after recovering the underlying collaterals. Besides, the Company has used a practical expedient by computing the expected credit loss allowance for trade receivables based on a historical loss rate method. The historical loss rate takes into account historical credit loss experience and adjusted for forward-looking information. The expected credit loss allowance is based on the average loss rate of the collections against the receivables.
15.2 Rights, preferences and restrictions attached to the equity shares
The Company has only one class of issued, subscribed and fully paid up equity shares having a face value of '' 10 each per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share. The dividend (other than interim dividend) proposed, if any, by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the Shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting. In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to number of equity shares held by the shareholders.
The general reserve is used from time to time to transfer profits from retained earnings for appropriation purposes. As the general reserve is created by a transfer from one component of equity to another and is not an item of other comprehensive income, items included in the general reserve will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss.
Security premium reserve represents the amount received in excess of the face value of the equity shares. The utilization of the security premium reserve is governed by the Section 52 of the Companies Act, 2013 ("Act").
This reserve represents the cumulative gains and losses arising on the revaluation of equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income.
Retained earnings represent the Company''s undistributed earnings after taxes.
Capital redemption reserve has been created pursuant to the requirements of the Act under which the Company is required to transfer certain amounts on redemption of preference shares. The Company has redeemed the underlying preference shares in the earlier years. The capital redemption reserve can be utilized for issue of bonus shares.
Notes:
(i) Term loans
During the year, the Company has availed unsecured term loans from banks aggregating to Rs, Nil lakhs (March 31, 2018 - Rs, 5,000.00 lakhs) outstanding at the year end Rs, Nil lakhs (March 31, 2018 - Rs, 7,500.00 lakhs) (Refer Note 20 for current maturities). Letter of Comfort has been provided to the banks by International Paper Company, USA, the ultimate holding company. The interest rates of these loans range from 7.55% to 8.00%. These term loans are repayable as under:
a. Term Loan I: Rs, 15,000.00 lakhs which was payable in 6 equal quarterly installments commenced at the end of 21st month i.e. September 2017. The Company has pre-paid the last installment in June 2018.
b. Term Loan II: Rs, 7,000.00 lakhs which was payable after completing moratorium of 18 months and in 10 equal quarterly installments commenced at the end of 21st month i.e. September 2017 was fully repaid in December 2017.
c. Term Loan III: Rs, 5,000.00 lakhs which was payable after completing moratorium of 18 months and is repayable in 6 equal installments commencing at the end of 21st month i.e. November 2019 was fully repaid in October 2018.
(ii) Deferred payment liabilities
Deferred payment liabilities represent sales tax deferral loan availed by the Company, from the Government of Andhra Pradesh and is repayable after a period of 14 years from the end of the financial year of its availment. These are interest free loans. An amount of Rs, 225.50 lakhs (March 31, 2018 - Rs, 172.28 lakhs) is due within next twelve months and is included under the head ''Current maturities of long-term debts'' disclosed under Note 20.
Notes:
(i) Secured loans was availed and repayable on demand represents Cash credit/Buyers credit/ Export packing credit loan from SBI, BNP Paribas during the year at interest rates ranging from 4.50% to 8.90%. These are secured by hypothecation of current assets of the Company.
(ii) Unsecured loans were availed and repayable on demand represents Working capital demand loans/Cash credit /Export packing credit loan/Buyers credit from Bank of America, Citi bank, BNP Paribas during the year at interest rates ranging from 4.11% to 8.70%.
(iii) Unsecured loan availed from International Paper (India) Private Limited at interest rate of 6.70% aggregating Rs, 7,600 lakhs during the previous year which was outstanding as on March 31, 2018, was fully paid during the current year.
Mar 31, 2018
1. General information
International Paper APPM Limited ("IP APPM" / "the Company") is an integrated paper and pulp manufacturer. The equity shares of the Company are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange in India. IPAPPM was incorporated on June 29, 1964.
In October 2011, International Paper Company, USA, through IP Holding Asia Singapore Pte. Limited acquired controlling stake in the Company from the erstwhile promoters and public shareholders.
The addresses of its registered office and principal place of business are disclosed in the introduction to the annual report. IPAPPM owns and operates two manufacturing units located in the State of Andhra Pradesh, India, one at Rajamahendravaram and the other at Kadiyam in East Godavari District.
2. Significant accounting policies
A. Statement of compliance
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind ASs) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read together with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and Companies (India Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016 as applicable.
Up to the year ended March 31, 2017, the Company prepared its financial statements in accordance with the requirements of previous generally accepted accounting principles ("Previous GAAP"), which includes Standards as per the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, as amended, notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013.
These are the Company''s first Ind AS financial statements. The date of transition to Ind AS is April 01, 2016. Refer Note 54 for the details of reconciliations for the transition from Previous GAAP to Ind AS.
B. Basis of preparation and presentation
The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis and on the historical cost convention except for certain financial instruments that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies set out below.
Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for share-based payment transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 102, leasing transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 17, and measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as net realizable value in Ind AS 2 or value in use in Ind AS 36. In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorized into Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:
- Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;
- Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly;
- Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
The principal accounting policies are set out below.
C. Use of estimates and judgments
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires Management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of the accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.
The following are the critical judgments and estimates that have been made in the process of applying the Company''s accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements.
a) Useful lives of property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset''s expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual values of Company''s assets are determined by Management at the time the asset is acquired and is reviewed at the end of each reporting period. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their life, such as changes in technology. This reassessment may result in change in depreciation expense in future periods.
b) Fair value measurement of financial instruments
Some of the Company''s assets and liabilities are measured at fair value for financial reporting purposes. In estimating the fair value of an asset or liability, the Company uses market-observable data to the extent available. Where Level 1 inputs are not available, the fair value is measured using valuation techniques, including the discounted cash flow model, which involves various judgments and assumptions. The Company also engages third party qualified valuers to perform the valuation in certain cases. The appropriateness of valuation techniques and inputs to the valuation model are reviewed by the Management.
c) Income taxes
The Company''s tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgments are involved in estimating budgeted profits for the purpose of paying advance tax, determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid / recovered for uncertain tax positions.
d) defined benefit obligations
The Company uses actuarial assumptions viz., discount rate, mortality rates, salary escalation rate etc., to determine such employee benefit obligations.
e) Claims, provisions and contingent liabilities
The Company has ongoing litigations with various regulatory authorities and third parties. Where an outflow of funds is believed to be probable and a reliable estimate of the outcome of the dispute can be made based on management''s assessment of specific circumstances of each dispute and relevant external advice, management provides for its best estimate of the liability. Such accruals are by nature complex and can take number of years to resolve and can involve estimation uncertainty. Information about such litigations is provided in notes to the financial statements.
f) other estimates
The preparation of financial statements involves estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses for the reporting period. Specifically, the Company estimates the probability of collection of accounts receivable by analyzing historical payment patterns, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness and current economic trends. If the financial condition of a customer deteriorates, additional allowances may be required.
D. Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes all charges in bringing the goods to the point of sale. Net realizable value represents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.
E. property, plant and equipment and Capital work in progress
Property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price net of any trade discounts and rebates, any import duties and other taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from the tax authorities), any directly attributable expenditure in making the asset ready for its intended use and cost of borrowing till the date of capitalization in the case of assets involving material investment and substantial lead time.
An item of Property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of asset. Any gain/loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of Property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognized in the statement of profit or loss.
Depreciation
Depreciation on buildings is provided on the straight-line method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.
Depreciation on plant and equipment is provided on straight-line method over 10-25 years, based on the useful life assessed as per technical assessment, taking into account the nature of asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating conditions of the asset, past history of replacement, anticipated technological changes, maintenance report etc.
Depreciation on other tangible fixed assets viz. furniture and fixtures, office equipment and vehicles is provided on written down value method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.
The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.
Assets acquired under finance lease are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lower of estimated useful life and lease term.
Assets costing Rs, 15,000 and below are fully depreciated in the year of acquisition.
F. Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are carried at cost, net of accumulated amortization and impairment losses, if any. Cost of an intangible asset comprises of purchase price and attributable expenditure on making the asset ready for its intended use.
Intangible assets are amortized on the straight line method over their estimated useful life.
An intangible asset is derecognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, are recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized.
G. Impairment
a) Financial assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss. The Company follows ''simplified approach'' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If in subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12 month ECL.
Lifetime ECLs are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12 month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e. all shortfalls), discounted at the original Effective Interest Rate (EIR). When estimating the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:
i) All contractual terms of the financial instrument (including prepayment, extension etc.) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the financial instrument.
ii) Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms.
As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward- looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in forward-looking estimates are analysed.
ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income/expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. ECL is presented as an allowance,
i.e. as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the Balance Sheet.
b) Non-financial assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that a non-financial asset or a group of non-financial assets is impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the amount of impairment loss.
An impairment loss is calculated as the difference between an asset''s carrying amount and recoverable amount. Losses are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss and reflected in an allowance account. When the Company considers that there are no realistic prospects of recovery of the asset the relevant amounts are written off. If the amount of impairment loss subsequently decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognized then the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The recoverable amount of an asset or cash generating unit is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using the pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. For the purpose of impairment testing assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generate cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or group of asset ("the cash generating unit").
H. Functional and presentation currency
Items included in the financial statements of the Company are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (i.e. the "functional currency"). The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (''), the national currency of India, which is the functional currency of the Company.
I. Foreign currency transactions and translations
In preparing the financial statements of the Company, transactions in currencies other than the entity''s functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognized at the rate of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies and remaining unsettled at the end of each reporting period are translated at the exchange rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using exchange rates at the date when fair value is measured. Exchange differences arising on actual payment/ realization and translations referred to above are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
J. Government grants
Government grants are not recognized until there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attaching to them and that the grants will be received.
Government grants related to revenue are recognized on a systematic basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs which they are intended to compensate. Such grants are deducted in reporting the related expense. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as deferred revenue in the Balance Sheet and transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic and rational basis over the useful lives of the related assets.
The benefit of a government loan at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant, measured as the difference between proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market interest rates.
K. Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale.
Interest income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization.
All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
L. Employee benefits
a) defined contribution plans
Employee benefits in the form of provident fund, superannuation, employees'' state insurance fund and labour welfare fund are considered as defined contribution plans and the contributions are charged to the profit and loss during the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due as and when services are rendered by employees.
provident fund
Eligible employees receive benefits from a provident fund. Both the employee and the Company make monthly contributions to the provident fund plan equal to a specified percentage of the covered employee''s salary. Rajahmundry unit of the Company makes the contributions to ''The Employee''s Provident Fund of The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Limited'' trust maintained by the Company. The rate at which the annual interest is payable to the beneficiaries by the trust is determined by the Government. The Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investments of the trust and the notified interest rate. The Company has no further obligations.
Superannuation
Certain employees of the Company are participants in the superannuation plan (''the Plan'') which is a defined contribution plan. The Company contributes to the superannuation fund maintained with an Insurer.
b) defined benefit plans Gratuity
In accordance with the Payment of Gratuity Act,
1972, as amended, the Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan (''the Gratuity Plan'') covering eligible employees. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump-sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee''s salary and the tenure of employment with the Company. Liabilities with regard to the Gratuity Plan are determined by actuarial valuation at each Balance Sheet date using the projected unit credit method. The Company fully contributes all ascertained liabilities to the gratuity fund maintained with the Insurer.
Defined benefit costs are categorized as follows:
a. service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements);
b. net interest expense or income; and
c. re-measurement
The Company presents the first two components of defined benefit costs in profit or loss in the line item ''Employee benefits expense''. Curtailment gains and losses are accounted for as past service costs. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset.
Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), is reflected immediately in the balance sheet with a charge or credit recognized in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognized in other comprehensive income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and is not reclassified to profit or loss.
c) Short-term and other long-term employee benefits
The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences. The employees can carry forward a portion of the unutilized accumulating compensated absences and utilize it in future periods or receive cash at retirement or termination of employment. The Company records an obligation for compensated absences in the period in which the employee renders the services that increases this entitlement. The Company measures the expected cost of compensated absences as the additional amount that the Company expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the end of the reporting period. The Company fully contributes all ascertained liabilities to the fund maintained with the Insurer. The Company recognizes accumulated compensated absences based on actuarial valuation. Non-accumulating compensated absences are recognized in the period in which the absences occur.
M. Revenue recognition
Revenue is measured at fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns, trade discounts, incentives, rebates and other similar allowances.
Revenue includes only the gross inflows of economic benefits, including excise duty received and receivable by the Company, on its own account. Amounts collected on behalf of third parties such as sales tax / value added tax / goods and services tax are excluded from revenue.
a) Sale of goods
Revenue from the sale of goods is recognized when significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the customers and the Company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold.
Export benefits are recognized on an accrual basis and when there is a reasonable certainty of realization of such benefits / incentives.
b) Other income
Dividend income from investments is recognized when the shareholder''s right to receive payment has been established.
Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset''s net carrying amount on initial recognition.
c) Insurance and other claims/refunds are accounted for as and when admitted by appropriate authorities.
N. Financial Instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial asset or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial asset or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognized immediately in the Statement of the Profit and Loss.
Purchase or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trade) are recognized on trade date. While, loans and borrowings and payables are recognized net of directly attributable transaction costs.
For the purpose of subsequent measurement, financial instruments of the Company are classified in the following categories: Non-derivative financial assets comprising amortized cost, investments in subsidiaries, equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI) or fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) and non-derivative financial liabilities at amortized cost. Management determines the classification of its financial instruments at initial recognition.
The classification of financial instruments depends on the objective of the Company''s business model for which it is held and on the substance of the contractual terms / arrangements.
a) Non - derivative financial assets
i. Financial assets at amortized cost
A financial asset shall be measured at amortized cost if both of the following conditions are met:
- the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and
- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
They are presented as current assets, except for those maturing later than 12 months after the reporting date which are presented as non-current assets. Financial assets are measured initially at fair value plus transaction costs and subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment loss.
Financial assets at amortized cost are represented by trade receivables, security deposits, cash and cash equivalents and eligible current and non-current assets.
Cash comprises cash on hand, cash at bank, cheques on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.
ii. Investments in subsidiaries
On initial recognition, these instruments are recognized at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequently they are measured at cost.
iii. Investments in Equity instruments at FVTOCI
On initial recognition, the Company can make an irrevocable election (on an instrument-by-instrument basis) to present the subsequent changes in fair value in other comprehensive income (OCI) pertaining to investments in equity instruments. This election is not permitted if the equity investment is held for trading. These elected investments are initially measured at fair value plus transaction costs. Subsequently, they are measured at fair value with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the "equity instruments through other comprehensive income". The cumulative gain or loss is not reclassified to profit or loss on disposal of the investments.
A financial asset is held for trading if:
- It has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term; or
- On initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and has a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or
- It is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedge instrument or a financial guarantee.
Dividends on these investments in equity instruments are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the Company''s right to receive the dividends is established and the amount of dividend can be measured reliably.
iv. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTpL)
FVTPL is a residual category for financial assets. A financial asset which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as FVTPL.
In addition, the Company may elect to designate the financial asset, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency.
Financial assets included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any gains or losses arising on re-measurement recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The net gain or loss recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss incorporates any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset and is included in the ''Other income'' line item.
De-recognition of financial assets
The Company de-recognizes financial assets when the contractual right to the cash flows from the asset expires or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. On de-recognition of a financial asset (except as mentioned above for financial assets measured at FVTOCI), the difference between the carrying amount and the consideration received and receivable is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Mar 31, 2017
1. Corporate Information
International Paper APPM Limited (âIPAPPMâ/âthe Companyâ) is an integrated pulp and paper manufacturer. IPAPPM was incorporated on June 29, 1964. In October 2011, International Paper Company, USA, through IP Holding Asia Singapore Pte. Limited acquired controlling stake in the Company from the erstwhile promoters and public shareholders.
The Company owns and operates two manufacturing units located in the State of Andhra Pradesh, India, one at Rajahmundry and the other at Kadiyam in East Godavari District.
2. Significant accounting policies
a. Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (''Indian GAAP'') to comply with the Accounting Standards prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, as applicable. The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis under the historical cost convention. The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are consistent with those followed in the previous year.
b. Use of estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the year. The management believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Actual results could differ due to these estimates and the differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognized in the periods in which the results are known/materialize.
c. Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes all charges in bringing the goods to the point of sale, including octroi and other levies, and receiving charges.
d. Cash and cash equivalents (for purposes of cash flow statement)
Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.
e. Cash flow statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit/(loss) before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated based on the available information.
f. Depreciation and amortization Tangible assets
Depreciation on Buildings is provided on straight-line method as per useful life prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.
Depreciation on plant and equipment is provided on straight-line method over 10 to 25 years, based on the useful life assessed as per technical assessment, taking into account the nature of asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating conditions of the asset, past history of replacement, anticipated technological changes, maintenance support etc.
Depreciation on components of fixed assets has been provided in accordance with the requirements of Schedule II and the technical assessment as discussed above.
Depreciation on other tangible fixed assets is provided on written down value method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.
Leasehold improvements are amortized over the primary period of lease or the estimated useful life of such assets, whichever is shorter. Depreciation is calculated from the first day of the month based on the capitalization date.
Intangible assets
Goodwill arising on amalgamation is amortized over a period of 10 years.
Software is amortized over a period of five years or estimated useful life, whichever is shorter. Individual assets costing less than or equal to ''15,000 are depreciated in full in the year of acquisition.
g. Revenue recognition and other income
Revenue from sale of goods is recognized net of returns and applicable trade discounts, when significant risks and rewards of ownership is transferred to the customers. Sales include excise duty but exclude sales tax/value added tax.
Export entitlements are recognized as income when the right to receive credit as per the terms of the related scheme is established in respect of the exports made and where there is no significant uncertainty regarding the ultimate collection of the relevant export proceeds.
Dividend income is recognized when the unconditional right to receive the income is established. Interest Income is recognized on a time proportionate method using underlying interest rates.
Insurance and other claims/refunds are accounted for as and when admitted by appropriate authorities.
h. Property, plant and equipment, intangible assets (Fixed assets)
Tangible/intangible assets
Fixed assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. The cost of fixed assets includes the cost of acquisition/construction, non-refundable taxes, duties, freight, borrowing costs attributable to acquisition of the qualifying fixed assets up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use and other incidental expenses related to the acquisition and installation of the respective assets. Exchange differences arising on restatement/settlement of long-term foreign currency borrowings relating to acquisition of depreciable fixed assets are adjusted to the cost of the respective assets and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets in accordance with the provisions of para 46/46A of AS11 âThe Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Ratesâ.
Fixed assets retired from active use and held for sale are stated at the lower of their net book value and net realizable value and are disclosed separately.
Capital work-in-progress
Projects under which assets are not ready for their intended use are carried at cost, comprising direct cost, related incidental expenses and attributable borrowing costs.
i. Foreign currency transactions
Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction or at rates that closely approximate the rate at the date of the transaction.
Foreign currency monetary items (other than derivative contracts) of the Company, outstanding at the balance sheet date are restated at the year-end rates. Non-monetary items of the Company are carried at historical cost.
Exchange differences arising on settlement/restatement of short-term foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities of the Company are recognized as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The exchange differences arising on settlement/restatement of long term foreign currency monetary items are capitalized as part of the depreciable fixed assets to which the monetary item relates and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets.
In respect of forward contracts entered into to hedge risks associated with foreign currency fluctuation on its existing assets and liabilities, the premium or discount at the inception of the contract is amortized as income or expense over the period of contract. Any profit or loss arising on the cancellation or renewal of forward contracts is recognized as income or expense in the period in which such cancellation or renewal is made.
j. Employee benefits
Defined Contribution Plans
Employee benefits in the form of provident fund, superannuation, employees'' state insurance fund and labour welfare fund are considered as defined contribution plans and the contributions are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due as and when services are rendered by employees.
Provident fund
Eligible employees receive benefits from a provident fund. Both the employee and the Company make monthly contributions to the provident fund plan equal to a specified percentage of the covered employee''s salary. Rajahmundry unit of the Company makes the contributions to ''The Employees'' Provident Fund of The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Limited'' trust maintained by the Company. The rate at which the annual interest is payable to the beneficiaries by the trust, is administered by the government (notified interest rate). The Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investments of the trust and the notified interest rate. The Company has no further obligations.
Superannuation
Certain employees of the Company are participants in the superannuation plan (''the Plan'') which is a defined contribution plan. The Company contributes to the superannuation fund maintained with Life Insurance Corporation of India.
Defined Benefit Plans
The Company''s liabilities towards gratuity and compensated absences are determined based on actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method as on the date of the balance sheet.
Gratuity
In accordance with the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, the Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan (''the Gratuity Plan'') covering eligible employees. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump-sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee''s salary and the tenure of employment with the Company.
Liabilities with regard to the Gratuity Plan are determined by actuarial valuation at each Balance Sheet date using the projected unit credit method. The Company fully contributes all ascertained liabilities to the gratuity fund maintained with the insurers. The Company recognizes the net obligation of the Gratuity Plan in the Balance Sheet as an asset or liability, respectively in accordance with Accounting Standard (AS) 15, ''Employee Benefits.'' The Company''s overall expected long-term rate of return on asset has been determined based on consideration of available market information, current provisions of Indian law specifying the instruments in which investments can be made, and historical returns. The discount rate is based on the government securities yield. Actuarial gain or losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.
Compensated absences
The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences which are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The Company fully contributes all ascertained liabilities to the fund maintained with the insurers. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation based on the additional amount expected to be paid as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date. Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognized in the period in which the absences occur.
k. Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs include interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost. Costs in connection with the borrowing of funds to the extent not directly related to the acquisition of qualifying assets are charged to the statement of profit and loss over the tenure of the loan. Borrowing costs, allocated to and utilized for qualifying assets, pertaining to the period from commencement of activities relating to construction/development of the qualifying asset up to the date of capitalization of such asset is added to the cost of the assets.
l. Leases
Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vest with the less or are recognized as operating leases. Lease payments under operating lease are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight line basis over the lease term.
m. Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/(loss) after tax (including the post-tax effect of extraordinary items, if any) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/(loss) after tax (including the post-tax effect of extraordinary items, if any) as adjusted for dividend, interest and other charges to expense or income relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.
n. Taxes on income
Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax. Accordingly, MAT is recognized as an asset in the Balance Sheet when it is probable that future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company.
Deferred tax is recognized on timing differences, being the differences between the taxable income and the accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantially enacted as at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all timing differences. Deferred tax assets in respect of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward losses are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that there will be sufficient future taxable income available to realize such assets. Deferred tax assets are recognized for timing differences of other items only to the extent that reasonable certainty exists that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these can be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing tax laws and the Company has a legally enforceable right for such set off. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date for their reliability.
o. Investments
Long-term investments are carried individually at cost less provision for diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investments.
Current investments are carried individually, at the lower of cost and fair value. Cost of investments includes acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties.
p. Impairment of assets
The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset/ cash generating unit may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. If such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If at the balance sheet date there is an indication that if a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount subject to a maximum of depreciated historical cost and such reversal of impairment is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
q. Provisions and contingencies
A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent liabilities are disclosed in the Notes.
r. Service tax input credit
Service tax input credit is accounted for in the books in the period in which the underlying service received is accounted and when there is reasonable certainty in availing/utilizing the credits.
s. Operating cycle
Based on the nature of products/activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets and their realization in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has determined its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities as current and non-current.
ii. Rights, preferences and restrictions attached to the equity shares
The Company has only one class of issued, subscribed and fully paid up equity shares having a face value of ''10 each per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share. The dividend (other than interim dividend) proposed, if any, by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting. In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to number of equity shares held by the shareholders.
Notes
1. The Company has availed unsecured term loans from banks aggregating to Rs,22,000 lakhs (March 31, 2016: Rs,22,000 lakhs) outstanding at the the year end Rs,22,000 lakhs (March 31, 2016: Rs,22,000 lakhs). Letter of Comfort has been provided to the banks by International Paper Company, USA, the ultimate holding company. The interest rates of these loans range from 7.95% to 9.30%, which are repayable as under:
a. Term Loan IA: Rs,15,000 lakhs (March 31, 2016: Rs,15,000 lakhs) is payable in 6 equal quarterly installments commencing at the end of 21st month ie. September 2017.
b. Term Loan II: Rs,7,000 lakhs (March 31, 2016: Rs,7,000 lakhs) is payable after completing moratorium of 18 months and is repayable in 10 equal quarterly installments commencing at the end of 21st month ie. September 2017.
Mar 31, 2015
A. Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in
accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India
(''Indian GAAP'') to comply with the Accounting Standards notified under
Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 7 of the
Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the relevant provisions of the
Companies Act, 2013 (''the 2013 Act'')/Companies Act, 1956 (''the 1956
Act''), as applicable. The financial statements have been prepared on
accrual basis under the historical cost convention. The accounting
policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are
consistent with those followed in the previous year, except for the
change in accounting policy for depreciation as more fully described in
Note 36.
b. Use of estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian
GAAP requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure
of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements and
reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the year. The Management
believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial
statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could differ due
to these estimates and the differences between the actual results and
the estimates are recognized in the periods in which the results are
known/materialize.
c. Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value
after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered
necessary. Cost includes all charges in bringing the goods to the point
of sale, including octroi and other levies, transit insurance and
receiving charges.
The methods of determining cost of various categories of inventories
are as follows:
Raw materials Weighted average method.
Stores and spares and packing materials Weighted average method.
Work-in-process and finished goods Weighted average method and
(manufactured) including an appropriate
share of applicable
overheads.
Excise duty is included in
the value of finished goods.
Raw material and packing material held for use in the production of
inventories are not written down below cost if the finished goods in
which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above
cost.
d. Cash Flow Statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby
profit/(loss) before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the
effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or
accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows
from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are
segregated based on the available information.
e. Depreciation and amortization Tangible assets
Depreciation on plant and machinery situated at Rajahmundry and Kadiyam
Units and buildings located at Kadiyam Unit are provided on straight
line method as per useful life prescribed in Schedule II of the
Companies Act, 2013.
Leasehold improvements are amortized over the primary period of lease
or the estimated useful life of such assets, whichever is shorter.
Freehold land is not depreciated.
Depreciation on other tangible fixed assets has been provided on
written down value method as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule
II of the Companies Act, 2013.
Depreciation is calculated from the first day of the month based on the
capitalization date.
Intangible assets
Goodwill arising on amalgamation is amortized over a period of 10
years.
Software is amortized over a period of three years or estimated useful
life, whichever is shorter.
Individual assets costing less than or equal to Rs. 15,000 are
depreciated in full in the year of acquisition.
f. Revenue recognition
Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when significant risks and
rewards in respect of ownership of products are transferred to
customers. Revenue from sale of goods is inclusive of excise duty and
exclusive of returns, sales tax and applicable trade discounts and
allowances.
Dividend income is recognized when the unconditional right to receive
the income is established. Income from interest on deposits, loans and
interest bearing securities is recognized on a time proportionate
method using underlying interest rates.
Export entitlements are recognized as income when the right to receive
credit as per the terms of the scheme is established in respect of the
exports made and where there is no significant uncertainty regarding
the ultimate collection of the relevant export proceeds.
Insurance and other claims/refunds are accounted for as and when
admitted by appropriate authorities.
Income from sale of Certified Emission Reduction points (CERs) granted
by UNFCCC on energy efficient measures are accounted as and when sold
to customers.
g. Fixed assets Tangible/intangible assets
Fixed assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses, if any. The cost of fixed assets includes the cost
of acquisition/construction, non-refundable taxes, duties, freight,
borrowing costs attributable to acquisition of the qualifying fixed
assets up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use and other
incidental expenses related to the acquisition and installation of the
respective assets. Exchange differences arising on
restatement/settlement of long-term foreign currency borrowings
relating to acquisition of depreciable fixed assets are adjusted to the
cost of the respective assets and depreciated over the remaining useful
life of such assets.
Capital work-in-progress
Projects under which assets are not ready for their intended use and
other capital work-in-progress are carried at cost, comprising direct
cost, related incidental expenses and attributable borrowing costs.
h. Employee benefits
Defined Contribution Plans
Employee benefits in the form of provident fund, superannuation,
employee''s state insurance fund and labour welfare fund are considered
as defined contribution plans and the contributions are charged to the
statement of profit and loss during the year when the contributions to
the respective funds are due as and when services are rendered by
employees.
Provident fund
Eligible employees receive benefits from a provident fund. Both the
employee and the Company make monthly contributions to the provident
fund plan equal to a specified percentage of the covered employee''s
salary. Rajahmundry unit of the Company makes the contributions to
''The Employee''s Provident Fund of The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills
Limited'' trust maintained by the Company. The rate at which the annual
interest is payable to the beneficiaries by the trust is administered
by the government. The Company has an obligation to make good the
shortfall, if any, between the return from the investments of the trust
and the notified interest rate to the Regional Provident Fund
Commissioner, a statutory authority. The Company has no further
obligations.
Superannuation
Certain employees of the Company are participants in the superannuation
plan (''the Plan'') which is a defined contribution plan. The Company
contributes all ascertained liabilities to the superannuation fund
maintained with Life Insurance Corporation of India.
Defined Benefit Plans
The Company''s liabilities towards gratuity and compensated absences are
determined based on actuarial valuation carried out by an independent
actuary using the projected unit credit method as on the date of the
balance sheet.
Gratuity
In accordance with the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, the Company
provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan (''the Gratuity
Plan'') covering eligible employees. The Gratuity Plan provides a
lump-sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death,
incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the
respective employee''s salary and the tenure of employment with the
Company.
Liabilities with regard to the Gratuity Plan are determined by
actuarial valuation at each Balance Sheet date using the projected unit
credit method. The Company fully contributes all ascertained
liabilities to the gratuity fund maintained with Life Insurance
Corporation and Birla Sun Life Insurance. The Company recognizes the
net obligation of the Gratuity Plan in the Balance Sheet as an asset or
liability, respectively in accordance with Accounting Standard (AS) 15,
''Employee Benefits.'' The Company''s overall expected long-term rate of
return on asset has been determined based on consideration of available
market information, current provisions of Indian law specifying the
instruments in which investments can be made, and historical returns.
The discount rate is based on the government securities yield.
Actuarial gain or losses arising from experience adjustments and
changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in statement of profit
and loss in the period in which they arise.
Compensated absences
The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences which
are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The Company fully
contributes all ascertained liabilities to the superannuation fund
maintained with Birla Sun Life Insurance. The expected cost of
accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation
based on the additional amount expected to be paid as a result of the
unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date.
Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognized in the
period in which the absences occur.
i. Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs include interest, amortization of ancillary costs
incurred and exchange differences arising from foreign currency
borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the
interest cost. Costs in connection with the borrowing of funds to the
extent not directly related to the acquisition of qualifying assets are
charged to the statement of profit and loss over the tenure of the
loan. Borrowing costs, allocated to and utilized for qualifying assets,
pertaining to the period from commencement of activities relating to
construction/development of the qualifying asset up to the date of
capitalization of such asset is added to the cost of the assets.
j. Foreign currency transactions
Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company are
accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the
transaction or at rates that closely approximate the rate at the date
of the transaction.
Foreign currency monetary items (other than derivative contracts) of
the Company, outstanding at the balance sheet date are restated at the
year-end rates. Non-monetary items of the Company are carried at
historical cost.
Exchange differences arising on settlement/restatement of short-term
foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities of the Company are
recognized as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The exchange differences arising on settlement/restatement of long-term
foreign currency monetary items are capitalized as part of the
depreciable fixed assets to which the monetary item relates and
depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets. If such
monetary items do not relate to acquisition of depreciable fixed
assets, the exchange difference is amortized over the maturity
period/upto the date of settlement of such monetary items, whichever is
earlier. The unamortized exchange difference is carried in the Balance
Sheet as ''Foreign currency monetary item translation difference
account'' net of the tax effect thereon, where applicable.
In respect of forward contracts entered into to hedge risks associated
with foreign currency fluctuation on its existing assets and
liabilities, the premium or discount at the inception of the contract
is amortized as income or expense over the period of the contract. Any
profit or loss arising on the cancellation or renewal of forward
contracts is recognized as income or expense in the period in which
such cancellation or renewal is made.
k. Leases
Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership
of an asset substantially vest with the lessor are recognized as
operating leases. Lease payments under operating lease are recognized
as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight line
basis over the lease term.
l. Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/(loss)
after tax (including the post-tax effect of extraordinary items, if
any) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during
the year.
Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/(loss)
after tax (including the post-tax effect of extraordinary items, if
any) as adjusted for dividend, interest and other charges to expense or
income relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the
weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic
earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares
which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive
potential equity shares.
m. Taxes on income
Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the
year as determined in accordance with the applicable tax rate and the
provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which
gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future
income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing
evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax. Accordingly, MAT
is recognized as an asset in the Balance Sheet when it is probable that
future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company.
Deferred tax is recognized on timing differences, being the differences
between the taxable income and the accounting income that originate in
one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent
periods. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantially enacted as at the reporting date. Deferred tax
liabilities are recognized for all timing differences. Deferred tax
assets in respect of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of
losses are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by
convincing evidence that there will be sufficient future taxable income
available to realize such assets. Deferred tax assets are recognized
for timing differences of other items only to the extent that
reasonable certainty exists that sufficient future taxable income will
be available against which these can be realized. Deferred tax assets
and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income
levied by the same governing tax laws and the Company has a legally
enforceable right for such set off. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at
each Balance Sheet date for their realizability.
n. Investments
Long-term investments are carried individually at cost less provision
for diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investments.
Current investments are carried individually, at the lower of cost and
fair value. Cost of investments includes acquisition charges such as
brokerage, fees and duties.
o. Impairment of assets
The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any
indication that an asset/ cash generating unit may be impaired. If any
such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of
the asset. If such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable
amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is less
than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its
recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and
is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If at the balance
sheet date there is an indication that if a previously assessed
impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed
and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount subject to a
maximum of depreciated historical cost and such reversal of impairment
is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
p. Provisions and contingencies
A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions (excluding retirement
benefits) are not discounted to their present value and are determined
based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the
Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and
adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent liabilities
are disclosed in the Notes.
q. Service tax input credit
Service tax input credit is accounted for in the books in the period in
which the underlying service received and when there is reasonable
certainty in availing/utilizing the credits.
r. Operating cycle
Based on the nature of products/activities of the Company and the
normal time between acquisition of assets and their realization in cash
or cash equivalents, the Company has determined its operating cycle as
12 months for the purpose of classification of its assets and
liabilities as current and non-current.
Mar 31, 2014
1. Corporate Information
International Paper APPM Limited ("IPAPPM"/"the Company") formerly
known as The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Limited is an integrated pulp
and paper manufacturer. APPM was incorporated on June 29, 1964 in
pursuance of an agreement dated May 13, 1964 between Government of
Andhra Pradesh (GOAP) and Mr. G.D. Somani. By an agreement dated
February 10, 1966, Mr. G. D. Somani transferred all his rights, powers
and authorities contained in the agreement dated May 13, 1964 in favour
of The West Coast Paper Mills Limited (WCPM). By an agreement dated
April 16, 1981, WCPM assigned to Digvijay Investments Limited (DIL) all
its rights and obligations under the agreement dated February 10, 1966.
Consequent upon disinvestment of its entire shareholding in favour of
DIL in December, 2003, GOAP and DIL agreed by an agreement dated
December 12, 2003 that all subsisting rights and obligations of GOAP
and DIL arising out of the above agreements dated February 10, 1966 and
April 16, 1981 stand terminated with effect from December 18, 2003. In
October, 2011, IP Holding Asia Singapore Pte. Limited has acquired
controlling stake of 75% of paid up share capital in the Company from
the then promoters and public shareholders. Pursuant to such
acquisition, IP Holding Asia Singapore Pte Limited became the holding
company of International Paper APPM Limited (formerly The Andhra
Pradesh Paper Mills Limited) and International Paper Company, USA being
the ultimate holding company.
The Company owns and operates two manufacturing units located in the
State of Andhra Pradesh, India, one at Rajahmundry and the other at
Kadiyam in East Godavari District.
2. Significant accounting policies
a. Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in
accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India
(''Indian GAAP'') to comply with the Accounting Standards notified under
Section 211 (3C) of the Companies Act, 1956 (''the 1956 Act'') (which
continue to be applicable in respect of Section 133 of the Companies
Act, 2013 (''the 2013 Act'') in terms of General Circular 15/2013 dated
13th September, 2013 of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs and the
relevant provision of the 1956 Act/2013 Act as applicable and the
guidelines issued by Securities and Exchange Board of India. The
financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis under the
historical cost convention.
The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial
statements are consistent with those followed in the previous year.
b. Use of estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian
GAAP requires the management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure
of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements and
reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the year. The management
believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial
statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could differ due
to these estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised
prospectively in the current and future periods.
c. Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value
after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered
necessary. Cost includes all charges in bringing the goods to the point
of sale, including octroi and other levies, transit insurance and
receiving charges.
The methods of determining cost of various categories of inventories
are as follows:
Raw materials Weighted average method.
Stores and spares and packing materials Weighted average method.
Work-in-process and finished goods Weighted average method and
including an (manufactured) appropriate share of applicable overheads.
Excise duty is included in the value of finished goods.
Raw material and packing material held for use in the production of
inventories are not written down below cost if the finished goods in
which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above
cost.
d. Cash Flow Statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby
profit/(loss) before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the
effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or
accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows
from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are
segregated based on the available information.
e. Depreciation and amortisation
Depreciation on plant and machinery situated at Rajahmundry and Kadiam
Units and buildings located at Kadiam Unit are provided on straight
line method applying the rates specified under Schedule XIV of the
Companies Act, 1956.
Leasehold improvements are amortised over the primary period of lease
or the estimated useful life of such assets, whichever is shorter.
Freehold land is not depreciated.
Depreciation on other fixed assets is charged under written down value
method in accordance with Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.
Depreciation is calculated from the first day of the month based on the
capitalisation date.
Intangible assets
Goodwill arising on amalgamation is amortised over a period of 10
years.
Software is amortised over a period of five years or estimated useful
life, whichever is shorter.
Individual assets costing less than or equal to Rs.15,000 are depreciated
in full in the year of acquisition.
f. Revenue recognition
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when significant risks and
rewards in respect of ownership of products are transferred to
customers. Revenue from sale of goods is inclusive of excise duty and
exclusive of returns, sales tax and applicable trade discounts and
allowances.
Dividend income is recognised when the unconditional right to receive
the income is established. Income from interest on deposits, loans and
interest bearing securities is recognised on a time proportionate
method using underlying interest rates.
Export entitlements are recognised as income when the right to receive
credit as per the terms of the scheme is established in respect of the
exports made and where there is no significant uncertainty regarding
the ultimate collection of the relevant export proceeds.
Insurance and other claims/refunds are accounted for as and when
admitted by appropriate authorities.
Income from sale of Certified Emission Reduction points (CERs) granted
by UNFCCC on energy efficient measures are accounted as and when sold
to customers.
g. Fixed assets
Fixed assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses, if any. The cost of fixed assets includes the cost
of acquisition/construction, non-refundable taxes, duties, freight,
borrowing costs attributable to acquisition of the qualifying fixed
assets up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use and other
incidental expenses related to the acquisition and installation of the
respective assets. Exchange differences arising on
restatement/settlement of long-term foreign currency borrowings
relating to acquisition of depreciable fixed assets are adjusted to the
cost of the respective assets and depreciated over the remaining useful
life of such assets.
CAPITAL WORK-IN-PROGRESS
Projects under which assets are not ready for their intended use and
other capital work-in-progress are carried at cost, comprising direct
cost, related incidental expenses and attributable borrowing costs.
h. Employee benefits
Defined Contribution Plans
Employee benefits in the form of provident fund, superannuation,
employees state insurance fund and labour welfare fund are considered
as defined contribution plans and the contributions are charged to the
statement of profit and loss during the year when the contributions to
the respective funds are due as and when services are rendered by
employees.
PROVIDENT FUND
Eligible employees receive benefits from a provident fund. Both the
employee and the Company make monthly contributions to the provident
fund plan equal to a specified percentage of the covered employee''s
salary. Rajahmundry unit of the Company makes the contributions to
''The Employee''s Provident Fund of The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills
Limited'', a trust maintained by the Company. The rate at which the
annual interest is payable to the beneficiaries by the trust is
administered by the government. The Company has an obligation to make
good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investments of
the trust and the notified interest rate to the Regional Provident Fund
Commissioner, a statutory authority. The Company has no further
obligations.
SUPERANNUATION
Certain employees of the Company are participants in the superannuation
plan (''the Plan'') which is a defined contribution plan. The Company
contributes all ascertained liabilities to the superannuation fund
maintained with Life Insurance Corporation of India.
Defined Benefit Plans
The Company''s liabilities towards gratuity and compensated absences are
determined based on actuarial valuation carried out by an independent
actuary using the projected unit credit method as on the date of the
balance sheet.
GRATUITY
In accordance with the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, the Company
provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan (''the Gratuity
Plan'') covering eligible employees. The Gratuity Plan provides a
lump-sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death,
incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the
respective employee''s salary and the tenure of employment with the
Company.
Liabilities with regard to the Gratuity Plan are determined by
actuarial valuation at each balance sheet date using the projected unit
credit method. The Company fully contributes all ascertained
liabilities to the gratuity fund maintained with ICICI Prudential Life
Insurance, Life Insurance Corporation and Birla Sun Life Insurance.
The Company recognises the net obligation of the Gratuity Plan in the
balance sheet as an asset or liability, respectively in accordance with
Accounting Standard (AS) 15, ''Employee Benefits.'' The Company''s overall
expected long-term rate of return on asset has been determined based on
consideration of available market information, current provisions of
Indian law specifying the instruments in which investments can be made,
and historical returns. The discount rate is based on the government
securities yield. Actuarial gain or losses arising from experience
adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in
statement of profit and loss in the period in which they arise.
COMPENSATED ABSENCES
The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences which
are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The Company fully
contributes all ascertained liabilities to the superannuation fund
maintained with Birla Sun Life Insurance. The expected cost of
accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation
based on the additional amount expected to be paid as a result of the
unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date.
Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognised in the
period in which the absences occur.
i. Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs include interest, amortisation of ancillary costs
incurred and exchange differences arising from foreign currency
borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the
interest cost. Costs in connection with the borrowing of funds to the
extent not directly related to the acquisition of qualifying assets are
charged to the statement of profit and loss over the tenure of the
loan. Borrowing costs, allocated to and utilised for qualifying assets,
pertaining to the period from commencement of activities relating to
construction/development of the qualifying asset up to the date of
capitalisation of such asset is added to the cost of the assets.
j. Foreign currency transactions
Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company are
accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the
transaction or at rates that closely approximate the rate at the date
of the transaction.
Foreign currency monetary items (other than derivative contracts) of
the Company, outstanding at the balance sheet date are restated at the
year-end rates. Non-monetary items of the Company are carried at
historical cost.
Exchange differences arising on settlement/restatement of short-term
foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities of the Company are
recognised as income or expense in the statement of profit and loss.
The exchange differences arising on settlement/restatement of long-term
foreign currency monetary items are capitalised as part of the
depreciable fixed assets to which the monetary item relates and
depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets. If such
monetary items do not relate to acquisition of depreciable fixed
assets, the exchange difference is amortised over the maturity
period/up to the date of settlement of such monetary items, whichever
is earlier. The unamortised exchange difference is carried in the
balance sheet as ''Foreign currency monetary item translation difference
account'' net of the tax effect thereon, where applicable.
In respect of forward contracts entered into to hedge risks associated
with foreign currency fluctuation on its existing assets and
liabilities, the premium or discount at the inception of the contract
is amortised as income or expense over the period of the contract. Any
profit or loss arising on the cancellation or renewal of forward
contracts is recognised as income or expense for the period.
k. Leases
Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership
of an asset substantially vest with the lessor are recognised as
operating leases. Lease payments under operating lease are recognised
as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight line
basis over the lease term.
l. Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/(loss)
after tax (including the post-tax effect of extraordinary items, if
any) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during
the year.
Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/(loss)
after tax (including the post-tax effect of extraordinary items, if
any) as adjusted for dividend, interest and other charges to expense or
income relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the
weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic
earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares
which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive
potential equity shares.
m. Taxes on income
Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the
year as determined in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax
Act, 1961.
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which
gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future
income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing
evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax. Accordingly, MAT
is recognised as an asset in the balance sheet when it is probable that
future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company.
Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences, being the differences
between the taxable income and the accounting income that originate in
one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent
periods. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantially enacted as at the reporting date. Deferred tax
liabilities are recognised for all timing differences. Deferred tax
assets in respect of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of
losses are recognised only if there is virtual certainty that there
will be sufficient future taxable income available to realise such
assets. Deferred tax assets are recognised for timing differences of
other items only to the extent that reasonable certainty exists that
sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these
can be realised. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such
items relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing tax laws
and the Company has a legally enforceable right for such set off.
Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date for their
realisability.
n. Investments
Long-term investments are carried individually at cost less provision
for diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investments.
Current investments are carried individually, at the lower of cost and
fair value. Cost of investments includes acquisition charges such as
brokerage, fees and duties.
o. Impairment of assets
The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any
indication that an asset/cash generating unit may be impaired. If any
such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of
the asset. If such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable
amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is less
than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its
recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and
is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. If at the balance
sheet date there is an indication that if a previously assessed
impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed
and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount subject to a
maximum of depreciated historical cost and such reversal of impairment
is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
p. Provisions and contingencies
A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions (excluding retirement
benefits) are not discounted to their present value and are determined
based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the
balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and
adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent liabilities
are disclosed in the Notes.
q. Service tax input credit
Service tax input credit is accounted for in the books in the period in
which the underlying service received and when there is reasonable
certainty in availing/utilizing the credit.
Mar 31, 2013
A. Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in
accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India
(''Indian GAAP'') on accrual basis under the historical cost convention
to comply with the Accounting Standards as notified by the Companies
(Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended), the relevant
provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and the guidelines issued by
Securities and Exchange Board of India.
The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial
statements are consistent with those followed in the previous year.
b. Use of estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian
GAAP requires the management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure
of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements and
reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the year. The management
believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial
statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could differ due
to these estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised
prospectively in the current and future periods.
c. Fixed assets
Fixed assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses, if any. The cost of fixed assets includes the cost
of acquisition/construction, non-refundable taxes, duties, freight,
borrowing costs attributable to acquisition of the qualifying fixed
assets up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use and other
incidental expenses related to the acquisition and installation of the
respective assets. Exchange differences arising on
restatement/settlement of long-term foreign currency borrowings
relating to acquisition of depreciable fixed assets are adjusted to the
cost of the respective assets and depreciated over the remaining useful
life of such assets.
Capital work-in-progress
Projects under which assets are not ready for their intended use and
other capital work-in-progress are carried at cost, comprising direct
cost, related incidental expenses and attributable borrowing costs.
d. Depreciation and amortisation
Depreciation on plant and machinery situated at Rajahmundry and Kadiyam
Units and buildings located at Kadiyam Unit are provided on straight
line method applying the rates specified under Schedule XIV of the
Companies Act, 1956.
Leasehold improvements are amortised over the primary period of lease
or the estimated useful life of such assets, whichever is shorter.
Freehold land is not depreciated.
Goodwill arising on amalgamation is amortised over a period of 10
years.
Software is amortised over a period of five years or estimated useful
life, whichever is shorter.
Individual assets costing less than Rs.5,000 are depreciated in full in
the year of acquisition.
Depreciation on other fixed assets is charged under written down value
method in accordance with Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.
Depreciation is calculated on a pro-rata basis from the date of
installation till the date the assets are sold or disposed.
e. Impairment of assets
The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any
indication that an asset/ cash generating unit may be impaired. If any
such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of
the asset. If such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable
amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is less
than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its
recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and
is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If at the balance
sheet date there is an indication that if a previously assessed
impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed
and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount subject to a
maximum of depreciated historical cost and such reversal of impairment
is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
f. Investments
Long-term investments are carried individually at cost less provision
for diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investments.
Current investments are carried individually, at the lower of cost and
fair value. Cost of investments includes acquisition charges such as
brokerage, fees and duties.
g. Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value
after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered
necessary. Cost includes all charges in bringing the goods to the point
of sale, including octroi and other levies, transit insurance and
receiving charges.
The methods of determining cost of various categories of inventories
are as follows:
Raw materials Weighted average method.
Stores and spares and packing materials Weighted average method.
Work-in-process and finished goods (manufactured)
Weighted average method and including an appropriate share of
applicable overheads.
Excise duty is included in the value of finished goods.
Raw material and packing material held for use in the production of
inventories are not written down below cost if the finished goods in
which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above
cost.
h. Employee benefits
Defined Contribution Plans
Employee benefits in the form of provident fund, superannuation,
employees state insurance fund and labour welfare fund are considered
as defined contribution plans and the contributions are charged to the
Statement of Profit and Loss during the year when the contributions to
the respective funds are due.
PROVIDENT FUND
Eligible employees receive benefits from a provident fund. Both the
employee and the Company make monthly contributions to the provident
fund plan equal to a specified percentage of the covered employee''s
salary. Rajahmundry unit of the Company makes the contributions to
''The Employee''s Provident Fund of The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills
Limited'' trust maintained by the Company. The rate at which the annual
interest is payable to the beneficiaries by the trust is administered
by the government. The Company has an obligation to make good the
shortfall, if any, between the return from the investments of the trust
and the notified interest rate to the Regional Provident Fund
Commissioner, a statutory authority. The Company has no further
obligations.
SUPERANNUATION
Certain employees of the Company are participants in the superannuation
plan (''the Plan'') which is a defined contribution plan. The Company
contributes all ascertained liabilities to the superannuation fund
maintained with Life Insurance Corporation of India.
Defined Benefit Plans
The Company''s liabilities towards gratuity and compensated absences are
determined based on actuarial valuation carried out by an independent
actuary using the projected unit credit method as on the date of the
Balance Sheet.
GRATUITY
In accordance with the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, the Company
provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan (''the Gratuity
Plan'') covering eligible employees. The Gratuity Plan provides a
lump-sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death,
incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the
respective employee''s salary and the tenure of employment with the
Company.
Liabilities with regard to the Gratuity Plan are determined by
actuarial valuation at each Balance Sheet date using the projected unit
credit method. The Company fully contributes all ascertained
liabilities to the gratuity fund maintained with ICICI Prudential Life
Insurance, Life Insurance Corporation and Birla Sun Life Insurance.
The Company recognises the net obligation of the Gratuity Plan in the
Balance Sheet as an asset or liability, respectively in accordance with
Accounting Standard (AS) 15, ''Employee Benefits.'' The Company''s overall
expected long-term rate of return on asset has been determined based on
consideration of available market information, current provisions of
Indian law specifying the instruments in which investments can be made,
and historical returns. The discount rate is based on the Government
securities yield. Actuarial gain or losses arising from experience
adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in
statement of profit and loss in the period in which they arise.
COMPENSATED ABSENCES
The employees of the Company are entitled to compensated absences which
are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The Company fully
contributes all ascertained liabilities to the superannuation fund
maintained with Birla Sun Life Insurance. The expected cost of
accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation
based on the additional amount expected to be paid as a result of the
unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date.
Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognised in the
period in which the absences occur.
i. Foreign currency transactions
Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company are
accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the
transaction or at rates that closely approximate the rate at the date
of the transaction.
Foreign currency monetary items (other than derivative contracts) of
the Company, outstanding at the balance sheet date are restated at the
year-end rates. Non-monetary items of the Company are carried at
historical cost.
Exchange differences arising on settlement/restatement of short-term
foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities of the Company are
recognised as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The exchange differences arising on settlement/restatement of long-term
foreign currency monetary items are capitalised as part of the
depreciable fixed assets to which the monetary item relates and
depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets. If such
monetary items do not relate to acquisition of depreciable fixed
assets, the exchange difference is amortised over the maturity
period/upto the date of settlement of such monetary items, whichever is
earlier. The unamortised exchange difference is carried in the Balance
Sheet as "Foreign currency monetary item translation difference
account" net of the tax effect thereon, where applicable.
In respect of forward contracts entered into to hedge risks associated
with foreign currency fluctuation on its existing assets and
liabilities, the premium or discount at the inception of the contract
is amortised as income or expense over the period of the contract. Any
profit or loss arising on the cancellation or renewal of forward
contracts is recognised as income or expense for the period.
j. Revenue recognition
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when significant risks and
rewards in respect of ownership of products are transferred to
customers. Revenue from sale of goods is inclusive of excise duty and
exclusive of returns, sales tax and applicable trade discounts and
allowances.
Dividend income is recognised when the unconditional right to receive
the income is established. Income from interest on deposits, loans and
interest bearing securities is recognised on a time proportionate
method using underlying interest rates.
Export entitlements are recognised as income when the right to receive
credit as per the terms of the scheme is established in respect of the
exports made and where there is no significant uncertainty regarding
the ultimate collection of the relevant export proceeds.
Insurance and other claims/refunds are accounted for as and when
admitted by appropriate authorities.
Income from sale of Certified Emission Reduction points (CERs) granted
by UNFCCC on energy efficient measures are accounted as and when sold
to customers.
k. Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs include interest, amortisation of ancillary costs
incurred and exchange differences arising from foreign currency
borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the
interest cost. Costs in connection with the borrowing of funds to the
extent not directly related to the acquisition of qualifying assets are
charged to the statement of profit and loss over the tenure of the
loan. Borrowing costs, allocated to and utilised for qualifying assets,
pertaining to the period from commencement of activities relating to
construction/development of the qualifying asset upto the date of
capitalisation of such asset is added to the cost of the assets.
l. Leases
Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership
of an asset substantially vest with the lessor are recognised as
operating leases. Lease payments under operating lease are recognised
as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight line
basis over the lease term.
m. Taxes on income
Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the
year as determined in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax
Act, 1961.
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which
gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future
income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing
evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax. Accordingly, MAT
is recognised as an asset in the Balance Sheet when it is probable that
future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company.
Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences, being the differences
between the taxable income and the accounting income that originate in
one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent
periods. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantially enacted as at the reporting date. Deferred tax
liabilities are recognised for all timing differences. Deferred tax
assets in respect of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of
losses are recognised only if there is virtual certainty that there
will be sufficient future taxable income available to realise such
assets. Deferred tax assets are recognised for timing differences of
other items only to the extent that reasonable certainty exists that
sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these
can be realised. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such
items relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing tax laws
and the Company has a legally enforceable right for such set off.
Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date for their
realisability.
n. Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/(loss)
after tax (including the post-tax effect of extraordinary items, if
any) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during
the year.
Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/(loss)
after tax (including the post-tax effect of extraordinary items, if
any) as adjusted for dividend, interest and other charges to expense or
income relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the
weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic
earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares
which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive
potential equity shares.
o. Provisions and contingencies
A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions (excluding retirement
benefits) are not discounted to their present value and are determined
based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the
Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and
adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent liabilities
are disclosed in the Notes.
p. Cash Flow Statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby
profit/(loss) before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the
effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or
accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows
from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are
segregated based on the available information.
Mar 31, 2011
A. Basis of preparation
The financial statements of The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Limited
('APPM' or 'the Company') have been prepared and presented in
accordance with Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)
under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis. GAAP
comprises accounting standards notified by the Central Government of
India under Section 211 (3C) of the Companies Act, 1956, other
pronouncements of Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the
provisions of Companies Act, 1956 and guidelines issued by Securities
and Exchange Board of India. The financial statements are rounded off
to the nearest Rupees Lakhs.
b. Use of estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent
liabilities on the date of the financial statements and reported
amounts of revenues and expenses for the year. Actual results could
differ from these estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is
recognised prospectively in the current and future periods.
c. Fixed assets and depreciation
Fixed assets are carried at the cost of acquisition or construction
less accumulated depreciation. The cost of fixed assets includes
non-refundable taxes, duties, freight and other incidental expenses
related to the acquisition and installation of the respective assets.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition or construction of
those fixed assets which necessarily take a substantial period of time
to get ready for their intended use are capitalised.
Intangible assets are recorded at the consideration paid for
acquisition.
Advances paid towards the acquisition of fixed assets outstanding at
each balance sheet date and the cost of fixed assets not ready for
their intended use before such date are disclosed under capital
work-in-progress.
Depreciation on Plant and Machinery of Units APPM and CP and Buildings
of Unit:CP are charged under straight line method applying the rates
worked out in accordance with Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.
Depreciation on other fixed assets is charged under written down value
method in accordance with Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.
Leasehold improvements are amortised over the primary period of lease
or the estimated useful life of such assets, whichever is shorter.
Goodwill arising on amalgamation is amortised over a period of 10
years.
Depreciation is calculated on a pro-rata basis from the date of
installation till the date the assets are sold or disposed. Individual
assets costing less than Rs.5,000 are depreciated in full in the year of
acquisition.
d. Investments
Long-term investments are carried at cost less any other-than-temporary
diminution in value, determined separately for each individual
investment. The reduction in the carrying amount is reversed when there
is a rise in the value of the investment or if the reasons for the
reduction no longer exist.
Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and market value.
The comparison of cost and market value is done separately in respect
of each category of investment.
e. Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value.
Cost of inventories comprises all cost of purchase, cost of conversion
and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present
location and condition.
The methods of determining cost of various categories of inventories
are as follows:
Raw materials
Weighted average method
Stores and spares and packing materials
Weighted average method
Work-in-process and finished goods (manufactured)
Weighted average method and including an appropriate share of
production overheads
f. Employee benefits
Employee benefits in the form of superannuation fund, employees state
insurance fund and labour welfare fund are considered as defined
contribution plans and the contributions are charged to the Profit and
Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the respective funds
are due.
Eligible employees receive benefits from a provident fund, which is a
defined benefit plan. Both the employee and the Company make monthly
contributions to the provident fund plan equal to a specified
percentage of the covered employee's salary. The Company contributes
the contributions to the Employees Provident Fund of The Andhra Pradesh
Paper Mills Limited, Unit:APPM, Rajahmundry. The rate at which the
annual interest is payable to the beneficiaries by the Trust is being
administered by the Government. The Company has an obligation to make
good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investments of
the Trust and the notified interest rate.
Company's liabilities towards gratuity, compensated absences are
determined based on actuarial valuation carried out by an independent
actuary using the projected unit credit method as on the date of the
Balance Sheet.
Actuarial gains/losses are immediately recognised in the Profit and
Loss Account and are not deferred.
g. Foreign currency transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the rates of exchange
prevailing on the date of the respective transactions. Exchange
differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the
year are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account of the year.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies as at
the Balance Sheet date are translated at the exchange rate on the
balance sheet date and resultant exchange differences are recognised in
the Profit and Loss Account.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at
the date of the transaction.
As per the notification issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs
vide notification dated 31st March 2009, the Company has adjusted
foreign exchange differences arising on long term foreign currency
loans to the cost of the asset, where the long term foreign currency
monetary items related to acquisition of a depreciable capital asset
(whether purchased within or outside India), and has depreciated such
foreign exchange gain/losses over the asset's balance useful life.
Forward contracts are entered into to hedge the foreign currency risk
of the underlying outstanding at the Balance Sheet date. The premium or
discount on all such contracts is amortised as income or expense over
the life of the contract. Any profit or loss arising on the
cancellation or renewal of forward contracts is recognised as income or
expense for the period.
In relation to the forward contracts entered into to hedge the foreign
currency risk of the underlying outstanding at the Balance Sheet date,
the exchange difference is calculated and recorded in accordance with
AS-11 (revised). The exchange difference on such a forward exchange
contract is calculated as the difference of the foreign currency amount
of the contract translated at the exchange rate at the reporting date,
or the settlement date where the transaction is settled during the
reporting period and the corresponding foreign currency amount
translated at the later of the date of inception of the forward
exchange contract and the last reporting date. Such exchange
differences are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the
reporting period in which the exchange rates change.
h. Revenue recognition
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when significant risks and
rewards in respect of ownership of products are transferred to
customers. Revenue from domestic sales is recognised on delivery of
products to customers, from the factories of the Company. Revenue from
export sales is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of
ownership of products are transferred to the customers, which is based
upon the terms of the applicable contract. Revenue from sale of goods
has been presented both gross and net of excise duty.
Revenue from product sales is stated exclusive of returns, sales tax
and applicable trade discounts and allowances.
Dividend income is recognised when the unconditional right to receive
the income is established. Income from interest on deposits, loans and
interest bearing securities is recognised on the time proportionate
method based on underlying interest rates.
Export entitlements are recognised as income when the right to receive
credit as per the terms of the scheme is established in respect of the
exports made and where there is no significant uncertainty regarding
the ultimate collection of the relevant export proceeds.
Insurance and other claims/refunds are accounted for as and when
admitted by appropriate authorities.
Income from sale of Certified Emission Reduction points (CERs) granted
by UNFCCC on energy efficient measures are accounted as and when sold
to customers.
i. Income tax expense
Income tax expense comprises current tax and deferred tax charge or
credit.
Current tax
The current charge for income taxes is calculated in accordance with
the relevant tax regulations applicable to the Company.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax charge or credit reflects the tax effects of timing
differences between accounting income and taxable income for the
period. The deferred tax charge or credit and the corresponding
deferred tax liabilities or assets are recognised using currently
applicable enacted Minimum Alternate Tax rate. Deferred tax assets are
recognised only to the extent there is reasonable certainty that the
assets can be realised in future; however, where there is unabsorbed
depreciation or carry forward of losses, deferred tax assets are
recognised only if there is a virtual certainty of realisation of such
assets. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
and are written-down or written-up to reflect the amount that is
reasonably/virtually certain (as the case may be) to be realised. The
break-up of the major components of the deferred tax assets and
liabilities as at Balance Sheet date has been arrived at after setting
off deferred tax assets and liabilities where the Company has a legally
enforceable right to set-off assets against liabilities and where such
assets and liabilities relate to taxes on income levied by the same
governing taxation laws.
Minimum alternate tax credit
Minimum Alternate Tax ('MAT') paid in accordance with the Indian tax
laws, which gives rise to future economic benefits in the form of tax
credit against future income tax liability, is recognized as an asset
in the Balance Sheet if there is convincing evidence that the Company
will pay normal tax after the tax holiday period and the resultant
asset can be measured reliably.
j. Earnings per share
The basic Earnings per Share ('EPS') is computed by dividing the net
profit after tax for the year by the weighted average number of Equity
Shares outstanding during the year. For the purpose of calculating
diluted earnings per share, net profit after tax for the year and the
weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential
Equity Shares. The dilutive potential Equity Shares are deemed
converted as of the beginning of the period, unless they have been
issued at a later date. The diluted potential Equity Shares have been
adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the shares been actually
issued at fair value (i.e. the average market value of the outstanding
shares).
k. Provisions and contingent liabilities
The Company creates a provision when there is a present obligation as a
result of a past event that probably requires an outflow of resources
and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. A
disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible
obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not,
require an outflow of resources. Where there is possible obligation or
a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of
resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
Provisions for onerous contracts, i.e. contracts where the expected
unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed
the economic benefits expected to be received under it, are recognised
when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic
benefits will be required to settle a present obligation as a result of
an obligating event based on a reliable estimate of such obligation.
l. Impairment of assets
The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any
indication that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication
exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. If
such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable amount of the
cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is less than its
carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable
amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is
recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. If at the Balance Sheet date
there is an indication that if a previously assessed impairment loss no
longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is
reflected at the recoverable amount subject to a maximum of depreciated
historical cost.
m. Leases
Lease payments under operating lease are recognised as an expense in
the Profit and Loss Account on a straight line basis over the lease
term.
Mar 31, 2010
1. Accounting Concepts
Financial Statements are prepared on accrual basis under the historical
cost convention and in accordance with the accounting standards
specified in sub-section 3(C)of Section 211 of the Companies Act, 1956.
2. Fixed Assets
a. Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost
of acquisition of fixed assets is net of CENVAT/VAT and inclusive of
freight, duties, taxes, incidental expenses including interest on
specific borrowings and pre-operative expenses as allocated.
b. Expenditure during construction/erection period is included under
Capital Works-in- Progress and allocated to the respective fixed assets
on completion of construction/erection.
c. Goodwill is amoritsed over a period of 10 years.
3. Investments
Investments are stated at cost, inclusive of all expenses relating to
acquisition. Provision for diminution in the market value of long-term
investments is made, if in the opinion of the management such
diminution is permanent in nature.
4. Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of the cost (net of CENVAT/VAT
Credit) or net realizable value (except scrap/waste which are valued at
net realizable value). Cost is computed on average basis. Finished
Goods and Work-in-Process include cost of conversion and other costs
incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and
condition.
5. Borrowing Costs
Borrowing cost is charged to Profit and Loss Account except cost of
specific borrowing for acquisition of qualifying assets which is
capitalised till the date of commercial use of the asset.
6. Impairment of Assets
The Company applies the test of impairment of its assets as provided in
Accounting Standard (AS) - 28
7. Intangible Assets
Assets those are identifiable, non-monetary in nature and with no
physical substance have been
classified as Intangible Assets. Only those assets have been recognized
as Intangible Assets, on which future economic benefit/s is/are
probable and whose cost can be measured reliably. Assessment of
probable future economic benefits has been made by the management on
reasonable and supportive assumptions.
8. Revenue Recognition
a. Sales are inclusive of excise duty, export incentives and net of
trade and quantity discounts and rebates.
b. Interest and dividend income from investments are accounted on
accrual basis.
c. Insurance and other claims/refunds are accounted for as and when
admitted by appropriate authorities.
d. Income relating to Certified Emission Reduction points (CERs)
granted by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) on energy efficient measures are accounted as and when sold to
outside third parties.
e. Inter Division transfers are eliminated in financial statements.
9. Employee Benefits
i. Defined Contribution Plans:
Employee benefits in the form of Superannuation Fund, ESIC and Labour
Welfare Fund are considered as defined contribution plans and the
contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the year
when the contributions to the respective funds are due.
ii. Defined Benefit Plans:
Companys liabilities towards provident fund, gratuity, leave
encashment are determined based on actuarial valuation using the
projected unit credit method as on the date of the Balance Sheet.
iii. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to Profit and Loss
Account and are not deferred.
iv. Payments made under the Voluntary Retirement Scheme are amortised
to the Profit and Loss Account over its pay-back period.
10. Depreciation on Fixed Assets
a. Depreciation on Plant & Machinery of Units:APPM & CP and Buildings
of Unit:CP are charged under straight line method applying the rates
worked out in accordance with the provisions of Section 205 (2) (b) of
the Companies Act, 1956 prevalent in respective years of acquisition in
respect of items acquired prior to 1st July, 1986 and in accordance
with Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 in respect of items
acquired after 1st July, 1986.
b. Depreciation on other fixed assets is charged under written-down
value method in accordance with Schedule XIV of the Companies Act,
1956.
11. Deferred Revenue Expenditure
Expenditure other than expenditure on VRS (including expenditure on
Research & Development) incurred upto 31st March, 2003 in respect of
which benefit is expected to flow into future periods, is amortised
over the expected period of benefit.
txports/Imports are accounted at forward contract rates/exchange rates
prevailing on the date of transaction.
Exchange fluctuations relating to fixed assets is adjusted in the cost
of the asset upto the time of commissioning or putting to use.
Thereafter all such exchange fluctuations are recognised in the Profit
and Loss Account.
However, exchange fluctuations arising from long term currency monetory
items relating to acquisition of depreciable capital assets from 1st
April, 2007 are added to/deducted from the cost of the said assets as
the case may be.
However, gain/loss on monetary items which are repayable/receivable
within 12 months from the reporting period was charged to Profit and
Loss Account.
13. Financial Instruments
The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward
contracts, currency swap to hedge certain currency exposures relating
to the business operations of the Company present and anticipated.
Generally such contracts are taken for exposures materializing in the
next 12 months.