LOGISTICS INDUSTRY IN INDIA
Logistics is essential for the economy of a country. It pertains to the general method of controlling how resources are obtained, housed and delivered to their ultimate location. Determining the efficiency and accessibility of potential distributors and suppliers
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is part of logistics management. It is a differentiating sector that can largely affect any country’s exports, thereby adding a significant competitive edge, with the underlying assumption of a robust logistics sector. The logistics industry comprises all supply chain activities, mainly transportation, inventory management, flow of information and customer service. It determines the success of not only the country’s supply chain but also influences it on a global scale. The effectiveness of logistics helps to determine the degree of ability that enterprises can keep up with demand. The Indian logistics sector is on a big growth tide. The warehousing, industrial, and logistics (WIL) sectors are projected to be crucial for attaining India's vision of being a US$ 5 trillion economy by FY25. The warehouse and logistics industry has benefited the most from the COVID-19 epidemic, increasing its share from 2% in 2020 to 20% in 2021. Because of the growing shift from discretionary to essential internet buying during the COVID-19 epidemic, the e-commerce industry became more appealing and attractive.
The expansion of this industry is likely to be aided by a robust economy, government efforts to improve infrastructure, and a favourable business environment. Increasing consumerism and a huge consumer base are fostering the growth of retail and e-commerce in India. The Indian retail sector's market size is predicted to increase at a CAGR of 9% between 2019 and 2030, totalling more than US$ 1.8 trillion. Large international funds and corporations have invested in warehousing developers and operators to grow their reach and geographical footprint, which are the sector's key differentiators. The Government of India has taken many initiatives to strengthen the sector's infrastructure, including the establishment of dedicated freight corridors and the extension of road and rail networks, to improve connectivity and decrease travel times. Another critical governmental intervention has been the sector's digital transformation, projects such as Digital India, Bharat Net, and the National Logistics Portal would aid in the industry's digitization. Furthermore, the government has announced the establishment of logistics parks and warehouses across the country to provide appropriate storage facilities for enterprises. The recently implemented National Logistics Policy intends to reduce India's logistics costs from the double digits of GDP to the single digits by 2030. Strong economic growth in the first quarter of FY23 helped India overcome the UK to become the fifth-largest economy after it recovered from the COVID-19 pandemic shock. Real GDP at constant prices in the second quarter of 2022–23 is estimated at US$ 1.94 trillion (Rs. 160.06 trillion), showing a growth of 7.2% as compared to the First Revised Estimates of GDP for the year 2021-22 of US$ 1.81 trillion (Rs. 149.26 trillion), indicating a strong start for India's recovery from the pandemic. Given the release of pent-up demand and the widespread vaccination coverage, the contact-intensive services sector will probably be the main driver of development in 2022–2023. In FY22, India’s service exports stood at US$ 254.4 billion. Furthermore, India’s overall exports (services and merchandise) was estimated at US$ 770.18 billion in FY23. Rising employment and substantially increasing private consumption, supported by rising consumer sentiment, will support GDP growth in the coming months.Future capital spending of the government in the economy is expected to be supported by factors such as tax buoyancy, the streamlined tax system with low rates, a thorough assessment and rationalisation of the tariff structure, and the digitization of tax filing. In the medium run, increased capital spending on infrastructure and asset-building projects is set to increase growth multipliers, and with the revival in monsoon and the Kharif sowing, agriculture is also picking up momentum. The contact-based services sector has largely demonstrated promise to boost growth by unleashing the pent-up demand over the period of April-December 2022. The sector's success is being captured by a number of HFIs (High-Frequency Indicators) that are performing well, indicating the beginnings of a comeback.
India has emerged as the fastest-growing major economy in the world and is expected to be one of the top three economic powers in the world over the next 10-15 years, backed by its robust democracy and strong partnerships.
India's appeal as a destination for investments has grown stronger and more sustainable as a result of the current period of global unpredictability and volatility, and the record amounts of money raised by India-focused funds in 2022 are evidence of investor faith in the "Invest in India" narrative.
OVERVIEW OF LOGISTICS INDUSTRY India’s logistics are estimated to account for about 14.4% of GDP. More than 22 million people rely on it for their income. The Department of Commerce's logistics division for India was established on 7th July 2017 and was given the responsibility of the Integrated Development of Logistics Sector. The Special Secretary to the Government of India is at the helm of the division and has been assigned the responsibility for the development of an action plan to facilitate the overall development of the logistics sector through policy changes, procedure improvements, identification of bottlenecks and gaps, and adoption of technology. The Indian logistics industry is growing, due to a flourishing e-commerce market and technological advancement. The logistics sector in India is predicted to account for 14.4% of the GDP. The industry has progressed from a transportation and storage-focused activity to a specialised function that now encompasses end-to-end product planning and management, value-added services for last-mile delivery, predictive planning, and analytics, among other things. One of the key drivers of this expansion is projected to be the rise of India's logistics industry, which employs 22 million people and serves as the backbone for various businesses. The logistics sector in India was valued at US$ 250 billion in 2021, with the market predicted to increase to an astounding US$ 380 billion by 2025, at a healthy 10%-12% year-on-year growth rate. Moreover, the government is planning to reduce the logistics and supply chain cost in India from 13-14% to 10% of the GDP as per industry standards. The industry is crucial for the efficient movement of products and services across the nation and in the global markets. The logistics business is highly fragmented and has over 1,000 active participants, including major local players, worldwide industry leaders, the express division of the government postal service, and rising start-ups that focus on e-commerce delivery. The industry includes transportation, warehousing, and value-added services like packaging, labelling, and inventory management. With the advent of technology-driven solutions such as transportation management systems (TMS) and warehouse management systems, India's logistics industry has witnessed tremendous development in recent years (WMS). These solutions have assisted logistics firms in increasing operational efficiency, lowering costs, and improving customer service.
As depicted in the below pie chart (left), representing the segment-wise breakup of the logistics sector in FY21. Roads have the largest percentage share of 73% followed by rail (18%), water (5%) and air (5%).
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