African Nations Identify Climate Finance Donor Base as Major Barrier at COP29

Efforts by wealthier nations to include developing countries as donors are hindering progress on a new climate finance package, according to African nations. This issue is central to the climate summit in Azerbaijan this year. Ali Mohamed, chair of the African Group of Negotiators, stated that developed countries are obligated to provide financial assistance under the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement.

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On Tuesday, developing countries rejected a draft of the new climate finance goal. They argued it did not address their concerns adequately. The push by developed countries, including the EU and the US, for some developing nations to contribute financially is a major reason for the stalled progress on this package. This package is crucial for enhancing ambition in national climate plans due next year.

Developed Nations' Stance

Some developed nations, led by the EU and the US, argue that since the UNFCCC's adoption in 1992, the global economic landscape has shifted significantly. They suggest that wealthier nations like China and some Gulf states should also contribute to the new climate finance goal. However, developing countries see this as shifting responsibility from those historically benefiting from industrialisation.

The UNFCCC identifies high-income, industrialised nations as Annex II countries responsible for providing finance and technology to help developing countries adapt to climate change. These include the US, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and EU members like Germany and France.

Principle of Equity

Developing countries argue that expecting them to contribute undermines equity principles. Many still face poverty and inadequate infrastructure while dealing with worsening climate impacts. They believe those who have historically contributed most to greenhouse gas emissions should bear more responsibility.

Ali Mohamed emphasised that developed countries must lead in providing financing while developing nations are recipients. "This is the core principle of both the Convention and the Agreement and it is not something we are willing to renegotiate," he said.

High Ambition Coalition

Meanwhile, some developed countries acknowledged trillions of dollars are urgently needed for climate change action. Wealthy nations should continue leading in providing climate finance. However, they did not place sole responsibility on developed countries for these trillions. Countries like Germany, Canada, France, and the Netherlands form part of an alliance known as the High Ambition Coalition advocating bold climate actions.

This ongoing debate highlights differing perspectives on financial responsibilities in addressing climate change. As discussions continue at the summit, finding common ground remains crucial for advancing global climate goals.