A Oneindia Venture
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Accounting Policies of Elin Electronics Ltd. Company
Mar 31, 2025
2. MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
A summary of the material accounting policies
applied in the preparation of the Standalone Financial
Statements are as given below. These accounting
policies have been applied consistently to all periods
presented in the Standalone Financial Statements.
2.1 Basis of Preparation
2.1.1 Statement of compliance
The Standalone Financial statements have been
prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting
Standards (Ind AS) prescribed under the Section
133 of the Companies Act, 2013 notified under
the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards)
Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) and
presentation including disclosure requirements
of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies
Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant Schedule III),
as applicable to the CFS and the accounting
principles generally accepted in India. The
Company has consistently applied accounting
policies to all periods.
The Company has prepared the financial
statements on the basis that it will continue to
operate as a going concern.
2.1.2 Historical Cost Convention
The Standalone Financial statements of the
Company are prepared in accordance with
Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS), under the
historical cost convention and on accrual basis
as per the provisions of the Companies Act,
2013 ("the Act"), except for the following items:
- Certain financial assets and liabilities
measured at fair value (refer accounting
policy regarding financial instruments),
- Defined benefit plans - Plan assets are
measured at fair value.
Functional and presentation currency
Items included in the Standalone Financial
statements are measured using the currency of
the primary economic environment in which the
entity operates (âthe functional currency''). The
Standalone Financial Statements are presented
in Indian rupee (''), which is also the Company''s
functional currency. All amounts have been
rounded-off to the nearest Million, up to two
places of decimal, unless otherwise indicated.
Amounts having absolute value of less than
'' 1000 have been rounded and are presented
as '' 0.00 Millions in the Standalone Financial
Statements.
Summary of material accounting policies
2.2 Current vs non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities
in the Standalone statement of assets and
liabilities based on current/ non-current
classification.
An asset is treated as current when it is:
⢠Expected to be realized or intended to be
sold or consumed in normal operating
cycle
⢠Held primarily for the purpose of trading
⢠Expected to be realized within twelve
months after the reporting period, or
⢠Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted
from being exchanged or used to settle a
liability for at least twelve months after the
reporting period.
The Company classifies all other assets as non¬
current.
A liability is current when:
⢠It is expected to be settled in normal
operating cycle
⢠It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
⢠It is due to be settled within twelve months
after the reporting period, or
⢠There is no unconditional right to defer the
settlement of the liability for at least twelve
months after the reporting period.
The Company classifies all other liabilities as
non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified
as non-current assets and liabilities.
The operating cycle is the time between the
acquisition of assets for processing and their
realization in cash and cash equivalents. The
Company has identified twelve months as its
operating cycle.
2.3 Property plant and equipment
Recognition and Initial Measurement
Property, plant and equipment is recognized
when it is probable that future economic
benefits associated with the item will flow
to the Company and the cost of each item
can be measured reliably. Property, plant and
equipment are initially stated at their cost.
Cost of asset includes:
a) Purchase price, net of any trade discounts
and rebates
b) Cost directly attributable to the acquisition
of the assets which incurred in bringing
asset to its working condition for the
intended use
c) Present value of the estimated costs
of dismantling & removing the items &
restoring the site on which it is located if
recognition criteria are met.
Amounts paid towards the acquisition of
property, plant and equipment outstanding as
of each reporting date and the cost of property,
plant and equipment not ready for intended use
before such date are disclosed under capital
advances and capital work-in-progress (CWIP)
respectively.
Significant Parts of an item of PPE (including
major inspections) having different useful lives
& material value or other factors are accounted
for as separate components. All other repairs
and maintenance costs are recognized in the
statement of profit and loss as incurred.
Subsequent measurement
Property, plant and equipment are subsequently
measured at cost net of accumulated
depreciation and accumulated impairment
losses, if any. Subsequent expenditure is
capitalized if it is probable that future economic
benefits associated with the expenditure will
flow to the Company and cost of the expenditure
can be measured reliably.
Depreciation and useful lives
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment
is provided on straight line basis over the
estimated useful lives of the assets as specified
in schedule II of the Companies act, 2013 except
for assets used in manufacturing of Medical
Products which are depreciated over a period
of 3 years based on the management''s internal
assessment.
*For these classes of assets based on internal
assessment and technical evaluation, the
management believes that the useful lives as
given above best represent the period over
which the Management expects to use these
assets. Hence the useful lives for these assets
is different from the useful lives as prescribed
under Part C of Schedule II of Companies Act
2013.
Depreciation on additions to/deductions from
property, plant and equipment during the period
is charged on pro-rata basis from/up to the
date on which the asset is available for use/
disposed. Each part of an item of property, plant
and equipment is depreciated separately if the
cost of part is significant in relation to the total
cost of the item and useful life of that part is
different from the useful life of remaining asset.
Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual
values are reviewed at each financial year-end
and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
Derecognition
An item of property, plant and equipment
and any significant part initially recognized
is derecognized upon disposal or when no
future economic benefits are expected from
its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on
derecognition of the asset (calculated as the
difference between the net disposal proceeds
and the carrying amount of the asset) is included
in the Standalone Statement of Profit and loss
when the asset is derecognized.
2.4 Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are
stated at cost less accumulated amortization
and accumulated impairment loss, if any.
Intangible assets are amortized on straight line
basis over the estimated useful life. Estimated
useful life of the software is considered as 3
years. Amortisation methods, useful lives and
residual values are reviewed in each financial
year / period end and changes, if any, are
accounted for prospectively. An intangible
asset is de-recognised on disposal, or when
no future economic benefits are expected from
use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from
derecognition of an intangible asset, measured
as the difference between the net disposal
proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset
are recognised in the Standalone Statement of
Profit and Loss.
2.5 Impairment of non-financial assets
At each reporting date, the Company assesses,
whether there is an indication that an asset
may be impaired. If any indication exists, or
when annual impairment testing for an asset
is required, the Company estimates the asset''s
recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable
amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash¬
generating unit''s (CGU) fair value less costs
of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable
amount is determined for an individual asset,
unless the asset does not generate cash inflows
that are largely independent of those from
other assets or Company''s of assets. When the
carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds
its recoverable amount, the asset is considered
impaired and is written down to its recoverable
amount and the impairment loss, including
impairment on inventories are recognized in the
Standalone Statement of Profit and loss.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future
cash flows are discounted to their present
value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects
current market assessments of the time value of
money and the risks specific to the asset.
For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment
is made at each reporting date to determine
whether there is an indication that previously
recognized impairment losses no longer exist
or have decreased. If such indication exists,
the Company estimates the asset''s or CGU''s
recoverable amount. A previously recognized
impairment loss is reversed only if there has been
a change in the assumptions used to determine
the asset''s recoverable amount since the last
impairment loss was recognized. The reversal
is limited so that the carrying amount of the
asset does not exceed its recoverable amount,
nor exceed the carrying amount that would have
been determined, net of depreciation, had no
impairment loss been recognized for the asset
in prior period. Such reversal is recognized in the
Standalone Statement of Profit and loss.
2.6 Inventories
a) Inventories (including traded goods)
are valued at the lower of cost and net
realizable value. Costs incurred in bringing
each product to its present location and
condition are accounted for as follows:
⢠Raw materials: Cost includes cost of
purchase and other costs incurred
in bringing the inventories to their
present location and condition. Cost is
determined on first in, first out basis.
⢠Finished goods and intermediate
products (including manufactured
components): Cost includes cost
of direct materials and labour and
a proportion of manufacturing
overheads based on the normal
operating capacity. Cost is determined
on first in, first out basis.
⢠Stores and spares, consumables and
packing materials cost includes direct
expenses and is determined on the
basis of first in first out method.
b) Net realizable value is the estimated selling
price in the ordinary course of business,
less estimated costs of completion and
the estimated costs necessary to make
the sale. The comparison of cost and net
realizable value is made on an item-by¬
item basis.
2.7 Revenue recognition
Revenue is measured at the transaction price
that is allocated to the performance obligation
and it excludes amounts collected on behalf
of third parties and is adjusted for variable
considerations. Any subsequent change in
the transaction price is then allocated to the
performance obligations in the contract on
the same basis as at contract inception. The
Company recognizes revenue for variable
consideration when it is probable that a
significant reversal in the amount of cumulative
revenue recognized will not occur. The Company
estimates the amount of revenue to be
recognized on variable consideration using most
likely amount method. Consequently, amounts
allocated to a satisfied performance obligation
are recognised as revenue, or as a reduction of
revenue, in the period in which the transaction
price changes. Contract modifications are
accounted for when additions, deletions or
changes are approved either to the contract
scope or contract price.
a) Sale of products and Services
Revenue from sale of products is recognized
at the point in time when control of the
goods is transferred to the customer at the
time of shipment to or receipt of goods by
the customers at an amount that reflects
the consideration to which the Company
expects to be entitled in exchange for those
goods or services.
The Company has concluded that it is the
principal in its revenue arrangements as
it typically controls the goods or services
before transferring them to the customer.
Sales-related obligation associated
with sale of goods cannot be purchased
separately and they serve as an assurance
that the products sold comply with agreed-
upon specifications. Accordingly, the
Company accounts for such obligation
in accordance with Ind AS 37 Provisions,
Contingent Liabilities and Contingent
Assets.
The goods and service tax (GST) is not
received by the Company on its own
account. Rather, it is tax collected on
behalf of the government. Accordingly, it is
excluded from revenue.
b) Other Operating Revenue
Export incentive is recognized when there
is reasonable assurance that the Company
will comply with the conditions and the
incentive will be received.
c) Other Revenue
⢠Interest income: Interest income
is recognised as interest accrues
using the effective interest method
("EIR") that is the rate that exactly
discounts estimated future cash
receipts through the expected life of
the financial instrument to the net
carrying amount of the financial asset.
⢠Dividends: Dividend income is
recognised when the right to receive
payment is established.
⢠Rental income: Rental income
arising from operating leases or on
investment properties is accounted
for on a straight-line basis over the
lease terms & included in other non¬
operating income in Statement of
Profit and Loss.
⢠Insurance Claims: Insurance claims
are accounted for as and when
admitted by the concerned authority.
d) Contract balances
⢠Contract assets: A contract asset is
the right to consideration in exchange
for goods or services transferred to the
customer. If the Company performs
by transferring goods or services to
a customer before the customer pays
consideration or before payment is
due, a contract asset is recognized
for the earned consideration that is
conditional.
⢠Trade receivables: A receivable
represents the Company''s right to
an amount of consideration that is
unconditional (i.e., only the passage
of time is required before payment of
the consideration is due).
⢠Contract liabilities: A contract liability
is the obligation to transfer goods or
services to a customer for which the
Company has received consideration
(or an amount of consideration
is due) from the customer. If a
customer pays consideration before
the Company transfers goods or
services to the customer, a contract
liability is recognized when the
payment is made, or the payment is
due (whichever is earlier). Contract
liabilities are recognized as revenue
when the Company performs under
the contract.
e) Right of return
The Company provides a customer with
a right to return in case of any defects or
on grounds of quality. The Company uses
the expected value method to estimate the
goods that will not be returned because
this method best predicts the amount
of variable consideration to which the
Company will be entitled. The requirements
in Ind AS 115 on constraining estimates of
variable consideration are also applied in
order to determine the amount of variable
consideration that can be included in the
transaction price.
The application of Ind AS 115 did not
have any material impact on recognition
and measurement principles. However,
it results in additional presentation and
disclosure requirements for the Company.
The Company has also applied the practical
expedient under Ind AS 115 for incremental
cost of obtaining a contract and has
recognized such cost as an expense when
incurred if the amortization period of the
asset is one year or less.
2.8 Taxes
Tax expense comprises current tax expense and
deferred tax.
a) Current income tax
Current tax assets and liabilities are
measured at the amount expected to be
recovered from or paid to the taxation
authorities in accordance with relevant
tax regulations. The tax rates and tax laws
used to compute the amount are those that
are enacted or substantively enacted, at
the reporting date in the countries where
the Company operates and generates
taxable income. Current income tax
relating to items recognised outside
profit or loss is recognised outside profit
or loss (either in other comprehensive
income or in equity). Current tax items are
recognised in correlation to the underlying
transaction either in OCI or directly in
equity. Management periodically evaluates
positions taken in the tax returns with
respect to situations in which applicable
tax regulations are subject to interpretation
and considers whether it is probable that a
taxation authority will accept an uncertain
tax treatment.
Current tax assets and tax liabilities
are offset where the entity has a legally
enforceable right to offset and intends
either to settle on a net basis, or to
realize the asset and settle the liability
simultaneously.
b) Deferred tax
Deferred tax is provided using the liability
method on temporary differences between
the tax bases of assets and liabilities
and their carrying amounts for financial
reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all
taxable temporary differences.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all
deductible temporary differences, the carry
forward of unused tax credits and any
unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are
recognised to the extent that it is probable
that taxable profit will be available against
which the deductible temporary differences,
and the carry forward of unused tax credits
and unused tax losses can be utilised,
Deferred tax is recognized in Standalone
Statement of Profit and loss except to
the extent it relates to items recognized
outside profit or loss, in which case is
recognized outside profit or loss (either
in other comprehensive income or in
equity). Deferred tax items are recognized
in correlation to the underlying transaction
either in OCI or directly in equity.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets
is reviewed at each reporting date and
reduced to the extent that it is no longer
probable that sufficient taxable profit will be
available to allow all or part of the deferred
tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized
deferred tax assets are re-assessed at
each reporting date and are recognized to
the extent that it has become probable that
future taxable profit will allow the deferred
tax asset to be recovered.
In assessing the recoverability of deferred
tax assets, the Company relies on the
same forecast assumptions used
elsewhere in the financial statements
and in other management reports, which,
among other things, reflect the potential
impact of climate-related development
on the business, such as increased cost
of production as a result of measures to
reduce carbon emission.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are
measured at the tax rates that are expected
to apply in the period when the asset is
realized or the liability is settled, based
on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been
enacted or substantively enacted at the
reporting date.
Deferred tax relating to items recognised
outside profit or loss is recognised outside
profit or loss (either in other comprehensive
income or in equity). Deferred tax items are
recognised in correlation to the underlying
transaction either in OCI or directly in equity
The Company offsets deferred tax assets
and deferred tax liabilities if and only if it
has a legally enforceable right to set off
current tax assets and current tax liabilities
and the deferred tax assets and deferred
tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied
by the same taxation authority on either
the same taxable entity or different taxable
entities which intend either to settle current
tax liabilities and assets on a net basis, or
to realise the assets and settle the liabilities
simultaneously, in each future period in
which significant amounts of deferred
tax liabilities or assets are expected to be
settled or recovered.
2.9 Foreign currencies
The Company''s Standalone financial statements
are presented in '', which is also the Company''s
functional currency. Foreign currency
transactions are recorded in the functional
currency, by applying the exchange rate between
the functional currency and the foreign currency
at the date of the transaction.
Foreign currency monetary items outstanding
at the reporting date are converted to functional
currency using the closing rate (Closing selling
rates for liabilities and closing buying rate for
assets). Non- monetary items denominated in a
foreign currency which are carried at historical
cost are reported using the exchange rate at the
date of the transactions.
Exchange differences arising on settlement of
monetary items, or restatement as at reporting
date, at rates different from those at which
they were initially recorded, are recognized in
the Standalone Statement of Profit and loss in
the period in which they arise. These exchange
differences are presented in the Standalone
Statement of Profit and loss on net basis.
2.10 Employee benefit
a) Short-term employee benefits
Employee benefits such as salaries, short
term compensated absences, and other
benefits falling due wholly within twelve
months of rendering the service are
classified as short-term employee benefits
and undiscounted amount of such benefits
are expensed in the Standalone Statement
of Profit and loss in in the period in which
the employee renders the related services.
b) Post-employment benefits
⢠Defined Contribution Plan: A defined
contribution plan is a plan under which
the Company pays fixed contributions
into a separate entity and will have no
legal or constructive obligation to pay
further amounts.
The Company makes specified
monthly contribution towards
provident fund (âPF'') and employee
state insurance scheme (âESI'') which
is a defined contribution plan. The
Company''s contribution is recognized
as an expense in the Standalone
statement of profit and loss during
the period in which the employee
renders the related service.
⢠Defined Benefit Plan: A defined
benefit plan is a post-employment
benefit plan other than a defined
contribution plan. Under such plans,
the obligation for any benefits remains
with the Company. The Company''s
liability towards gratuity and leave
Encashment is in the nature of defined
benefit plan.
The Company has an obligation
towards gratuity, a defined benefit
retirement plan covering eligible
employees. The plan provides for
a lump sum payment to vested
employees at retirement, death while
in employment or on termination of
employment of an amount based on
the respective employee''s salary and
the tenure of employment. Vesting
occurs upon completion of five years
of service. The Company makes
periodic contributions to the Kotak
Mahindra Life Insurance Limited, Bajaj
Allianz Life Insurance Co. Ltd, Tata Aia
Life Insurance Co Ltd and Reliance
Nippon Life Insurance Co. Ltd. for the
Gratuity Plan in respect of employees.
The employees'' leave encashment
scheme is managed by HDFC Life
Insurance Company Limited which
is a defined benefit plan. The present
value of obligation is determined
based on actuarial valuation using
the Projected Unit Credit Method and
is recognised on the basis of eligible
leave balances of employees'' as on
valuation date.
The liability in respect of gratuity
and leave encashment is accrued in
the books of accounts on the basis
of actuarial valuation carried out by
an independent actuary using the
Projected Unit Credit Method.
The Company''s net obligation is
measured at the present value of the
estimated future cash flows using
a discount rate based on the market
yield on government securities of
a maturity period equivalent to the
weighted average maturity profile of
the defined benefit obligations at each
reporting date.
Re-measurement, comprising
actuarial gains and losses, is
recognized in other comprehensive
income and is reflected in retained
earnings and the same is not eligible
to be reclassified to Standalone
Statement of Profit and loss.
Defined benefit costs comprising
current service cost, past service
cost, interest cost and gains or losses
on settlements are recognized in the
Standalone Statement of Profit and
loss as employee benefits expense.
Gains or losses on settlement of any
defined benefit plan are recognized
when the settlement occurs. Past
service cost is recognized as expense
at the earlier of the plan amendment
or curtailment and when the Company
recognizes related restructuring costs
or termination benefits.
c) Other long-term employee benefits
Benefits under the Company''s
compensated absences constitute other
long-term employee benefits, recognized
as an expense in the Standalone Statement
of Profit and loss for the period in which
the employee has rendered services. The
obligation recognized in respect of these
long-term benefits is measured at present
value of the obligation based on actuarial
valuation using the Projected Unit credit
method.
Long term employee benefit costs
comprising current service cost, interest
cost and gains or losses on curtailments
and settlements, re-measurements
including actuarial gains and losses are
recognized in the Standalone Statement
of Profit and loss as employee benefit
expenses.
d) Share based payments - Employee Stock
Option Scheme (âESOP'')
Employees of the Company receive
remuneration in the form of share based
payments, whereby employees render
services as consideration for equity
instruments (equity-settled transactions).
The fair value of options granted
under Employee Stock Option Plan is
recognized as an employee benefits with a
corresponding increase in equity. The total
amount to be expensed is determined by
reference to the fair value of the options
determined under Black-Scholes model.
The total expense is recognized over
the vesting period, which is the period
over which all of the specified vesting
conditions are to be satisfied. At the end of
each period, the entity revises its estimates
of the number of options that are expected
to vest based on the non-market vesting
and service conditions. It recognizes the
impact of the revision to original estimates,
if any, in profit or loss, with a corresponding
adjustment to equity. Upon exercise of
share options, the proceeds received are
allocated to share capital up to the par
value of the shares issued with any excess
being recorded as share premium. If the
options are forfeited or not exercised after
vesting date, related expenses already
recognized in statement of profit and loss
are not reversed but transferred to other
component within equity.
The dilutive effect of outstanding options is
reflected as additional share dilution in the
computation of diluted earnings per share.
2.H Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalent include cash on hand,
cash at banks and short-term deposits with
original maturities of three months or less that
are readily convertible to known amounts of
cash and which are subject to an insignificant
risk of change in value.
For the purpose of the Standalone statement of
cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist
of unrestricted cash and short-term deposits, as
defined above as they are considered an integral
part of the Company''s cash management.
2.12 Borrowing Cost
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the
acquisition, construction of qualifying assets
are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets
upto the assets are substantially ready for their
intended use.
The loan origination costs directly attributable
to the acquisition of borrowings (e.g. loan
processing fee, upfront fee) are amortised on the
basis of the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method
over the term of the loan. All other borrowing
costs are recognised in the Standalone
Statement of Profit and loss in the period in
which they are incurred.
Mar 31, 2024
1. CORPORATE INFORMATION
Elin Electronics Limited (''the Company'') was incorporated in India on 26th March, 1982 under the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 (CIN L29304DL1982PLC428372). The Company is engaged in the business of Electronics Manufacturing Services. Its share are listed on two recognized stock exchanges in India. The registered office of the Company is located at 4771, Bharat Ram Road, 23, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 (India) and manufacturing plants in the state of Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and Goa.
The Standalone Financial Statements is approved for issue by the Company''s Board of Directors in their meeting held on 30th May, 2024.
Changes in accounting policies and disclosures:-
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023 dated 31st March, 2023 to amend the following Ind AS which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1st April, 2023. The Company applied for the first-time these amendments.
(i) Definition of Accounting Estimates - Amendments to Ind AS 8
The amendments clarify the distinction between changes in accounting estimates, changes in accounting policies and the correction of errors. It has also been clarified how entities use measurement techniques and inputs to develop accounting estimates.
The amendments had no impact on the Company''s Standalone financial statements.
(ii) Disclosure of Accounting Policies - Amendments to Ind AS 1
The amendments aim to help entities provide accounting policy disclosures that are more useful by replacing the requirement for entities to disclose their ''significant'' accounting policies with a requirement to disclose their ''material'' accounting policies and adding guidance on how entities apply the concept of materiality in making decisions about accounting policy disclosures.
The amendments have had an impact on the Company''s disclosures of accounting policies, but not on the measurement, recognition or presentation of any items in the Company''s financial statements.
(iii) Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction - Amendments to Ind AS 12
The amendments narrow the scope of the initial recognition exception under Ind AS 12, so that it no longer applies to transactions that give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences such as leases.
The Company previously recognized for deferred tax on leases on a net basis. As a result of these amendments, the Company has recognized a separate deferred tax asset in relation to its lease liabilities and a deferred tax liability in relation to its right-of-use assets. Since, these balances qualify for offset as per the requirements of paragraph 74 of Ind AS 12,there is no impact in the balance sheet. There was also no impact on the opening retained earnings as at 1st April, 2022.
Apart from these, consequential amendments and editorials have been made to other Ind AS like Ind AS 101, Ind AS 102, Ind AS 103, Ind AS 107, Ind AS 109, Ind AS 115 and Ind AS 34.
2. MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
A summary of the material accounting policies applied in the preparation of the Standalone Financial Statements are as given below. These accounting policies have been applied consistently to all periods presented in the Standalone Financial Statements.
2.1 Basis of Preparation2.1.1 Statement of compliance
The Standalone Financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) prescribed under the Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) and presentation including disclosure requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant Schedule III), as applicable to the CFS and the accounting principles generally accepted in India. The Company has consistently applied accounting policies to all periods.
The Company has prepared the financial statements on the basis that it will continue to operate as a going concern.
21.2 Historical Cost Convention
The Standalone Financial statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS), under the historical cost convention and on accrual basis as per the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act"), except for the following items:
- Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments),
- Defined benefit plans - Plan assets are measured at fair value.
Functional and presentation currency
Items included in the Standalone Financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (''the functional currency''). The Standalone Financial Statements are presented in Indian rupee (''), which is also the Company''s functional currency. All amounts have been rounded-off to the nearest million, up to two places of decimal, unless otherwise indicated. Amounts having absolute value of less than '' 1000 have been rounded and are presented as '' 0.00 Millions in the Standalone Financial Statements.
Summary of material accounting policies
2.2 Current vs non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the Standalone statement of assets and liabilities based on current/ non-current classification.
An asset is treated as current when it is:
⢠Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
⢠Held primarily for the purpose of trading
⢠Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or
⢠Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
The Company classifies all other assets as noncurrent.
A liability is current when:
⢠It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
⢠It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
⢠It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
⢠There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
2.3 Property plant and equipment
Recognition and Initial Measurement
Property, plant and equipment is recognized when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of each item can be measured reliably. Property, plant and equipment are initially stated at their cost.
Cost of asset includes:
a) Purchase price, net of any trade discounts and rebates
b) Cost directly attributable to the acquisition of the assets which incurred in bringing asset to its working condition for the intended use
c) Present value of the estimated costs of dismantling & removing the items & restoring the site on which it is located if recognition criteria are met.
Amounts paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding as of each reporting date and the cost of property, plant and equipment not ready for intended use before such date are disclosed under capital advances and capital work-in-progress (CWIP) respectively.
Significant Parts of an item of PPE (including major inspections) having different useful lives & material value or other factors are accounted for as separate components. All other repairs and maintenance costs are recognized in the statement of profit and loss as incurred.
Property, plant and equipment are subsequently measured at cost net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Subsequent expenditure is capitalized if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company and cost of the expenditure can be measured reliably.
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is provided on straight line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as specified in schedule II of the Companies act, 2013 except for assets used in manufacturing of Medical Products which are depreciated over a period of 3 years based on the management''s internal assessment.
|
Particulars |
Useful life as per |
Particulars |
Useful life as per |
|
Schedule II |
Schedule II |
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|
Computers |
3 Years |
Factory Building |
30 Years |
|
Servers |
6 Years |
Building (other than |
60 Years |
|
factory building) |
|||
|
Office Equipment |
5 Years |
Electric Installation and |
10 Years |
|
Equipments |
|||
|
Furniture and fixtures |
10 Years |
Motor Cycles |
10 Years |
|
Plant & Machinery including Dies, tools and Moulds |
10-15 Years |
Motor Vehicles & Lorry |
8 Years |
|
Plant & Machinery (medical products)* |
3 Years |
||
|
*For these classes of assets based on internal assessment and technical evaluation, the management believes that the useful lives as given above best represent the period over which the Management expects to use these assets. Hence the useful lives for these assets is different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of |
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|
Companies Act 2013. |
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Depreciation on additions to/deductions from property, plant and equipment during the period is charged on pro-rata basis from/up to the date on which the asset is available for use/ disposed. Each part of an item of property, plant and equipment is depreciated separately if the cost of part is significant in relation to the total cost of the item and useful life of that part is different from the useful life of remaining asset. Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included
in the Standalone Statement of Profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.
Intangible assets acquired separately are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Intangible assets are amortized on straight line basis over the estimated useful life. Estimated useful life of the software is considered as 3 years. Amortization methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed in each financial year / period end and changes, if any, are accounted for prospectively. An intangible asset is de-recognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset are recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.
2.5 Impairment of non-financial assets
At each reporting date, the Company assesses, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cashgenerating unit''s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or Company''s of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount and the impairment loss, including impairment on inventories are recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and loss.
I n assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.
For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognized impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or CGU''s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior period. Such reversal is recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and loss.
a) Inventories (including traded goods) are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs incurred in bringing
each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:
⢠Raw materials: Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on first in, first out basis.
⢠Finished goods and intermediate products (including manufactured components): Cost includes cost of direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on the normal operating capacity. Cost is determined on first in, first out basis.
⢠Stores and spares, consumables and packing materials cost includes direct expenses and is determined on the basis of first in first out method.
b) Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. The comparison of cost and net realizable value is made on an item-by-item basis.
Revenue is measured at the transaction price that is allocated to the performance obligation and it excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties and is adjusted for variable considerations. Any subsequent change in the transaction price is then allocated to the performance obligations in the contract on the same basis as at contract inception. The Company recognizes revenue for variable consideration when it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. The Company estimates the amount of revenue to be recognized on variable consideration using most likely amount method. Consequently, amounts allocated to a satisfied performance obligation are recognized as revenue, or as a reduction of revenue, in the period in which the transaction price changes. Contract modifications are accounted for when additions, deletions or changes are approved either to the contract scope or contract price.
a) Sale of products and Services
Revenue from sale of products is recognized at the point in time when control of the goods is transferred to the customer at the time of shipment to or receipt of goods by the customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.
The Company has concluded that it is the principal in its revenue arrangements as it typically controls the goods or services before transferring them to the customer.
Sales-related obligation associated with sale of goods cannot be purchased separately and they serve as an assurance that the products sold comply with agreed-upon specifications. Accordingly, the Company accounts for such obligation in accordance with Ind AS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets.
The goods and service tax (GST) is not received by the Company on its own account. Rather, it is tax collected on behalf of the government. Accordingly, it is excluded from revenue.
b) Other Operating Revenue
Export incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions and the incentive will be received.
c) Other Revenue
⢠Interest income: Interest income is recognized as interest accrues using the effective interest method ("EIR") that is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.
⢠Dividends: Dividend income is recognized when the right to receive payment is established.
⢠Rental income: Rental income arising from operating leases or on investment properties is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms & included in other nonoperating income in Statement of Profit and Loss.
⢠Insurance Claims: Insurance claims are accounted for as and when admitted by the concerned authority.
d) Contract balances
⢠Contract assets: A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognized for the earned consideration that is conditional.
⢠Trade receivables: A receivable represents the Company''s right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e., only the passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due).
⢠Contract liabilities: A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfers goods or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognized when the payment is made, or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when the Company performs under the contract.
e) Right of return
The Company provides a customer with a right to return in case of any defects or on grounds of quality. The Company uses the expected value method to estimate the goods that will not be returned because
this method best predicts the amount of variable consideration to which the Company will be entitled. The requirements in Ind AS 115 on constraining estimates of variable consideration are also applied in order to determine the amount of variable consideration that can be included in the transaction price.
The application of Ind AS 115 did not have any material impact on recognition and measurement principles. However, it results in additional presentation and disclosure requirements for the Company.
The Company has also applied the practical expedient under Ind AS 115 for incremental cost of obtaining a contract and has recognized such cost as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset is one year or less.
Tax expense comprises current tax expense and
deferred tax.
a) Current income tax
Current tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities in accordance with relevant tax regulations. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates taxable income. Current income tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and considers whether it is probable that a taxation authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment.
Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences.
Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.
Deferred tax is recognized in Standalone Statement of Profit and loss except to the extent it relates to items recognized outside profit or loss, in which case is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profit will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
I n assessing the recoverability of deferred tax assets, the Company relies on the same forecast assumptions used elsewhere in the financial statements and in other management reports, which, among other things, reflect the potential impact of climate-related development on the business, such as increased cost of production as a result of measures to reduce carbon emission.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected
to apply in the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.
The Company offsets deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities if and only if it has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets and current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities which intend either to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis, or to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously, in each future period in which significant amounts of deferred tax liabilities or assets are expected to be settled or recovered.
The Company''s Standalone financial statements are presented in '', which is also the Company''s functional currency. Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the functional currency, by applying the exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.
Foreign currency monetary items outstanding at the reporting date are converted to functional currency using the closing rate (Closing selling rates for liabilities and closing buying rate for assets). Non- monetary items denominated in a foreign currency which are carried at historical cost are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transactions.
Exchange differences arising on settlement of monetary items, or restatement as at reporting date, at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded, are recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and loss in the period in which they arise. These exchange differences are presented in the Standalone Statement of Profit and loss on net basis.
a) Short-term employee benefits
Employee benefits such as salaries, short term compensated absences, and other benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short-term employee benefits and undiscounted amount of such benefits are expensed in the Standalone Statement of Profit and loss in the period in which the employee renders the related services.
b) Post-employment benefits
⢠Defined Contribution Plan: A defined contribution plan is a plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts.
The Company makes specified monthly contribution towards provident fund (''PF'') and employee state insurance scheme (''ESI'') which is a defined contribution plan. The Company''s contribution is recognized as an expense in the Standalone statement of profit and loss during the period in which the employee renders the related service.
⢠Defined Benefit Plan: A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. Under such plans, the obligation for any benefits remains with the Company. The Company''s liability towards gratuity and leave Encashment is in the nature of defined benefit plan.
The Company has an obligation towards gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan covering eligible employees. The plan provides for a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment of an amount based on the respective employee''s salary and the tenure of employment. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of service. The Company makes periodic contributions to the Kotak Mahindra Life Insurance Limited, Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Co. Ltd, Tata Aia Life
Insurance Co Ltd and Reliance Nippon Life Insurance Co. Ltd. for the Gratuity Plan in respect of employees.
The employees'' leave encashment scheme is managed by HDFC Life Insurance Company Limited which is a defined benefit plan. The present value of obligation is determined based on actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method and is recognized on the basis of eligible leave balances of employees'' as on valuation date.
The liability in respect of gratuity and leave encashment is accrued in the books of accounts on the basis of actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method.
The Company''s net obligation is measured at the present value of the estimated future cash flows using a discount rate based on the market yield on government securities of a maturity period equivalent to the weighted average maturity profile of the defined benefit obligations at each reporting date.
Re-measurement, comprising
actuarial gains and losses, is recognized in other comprehensive income and is reflected in retained earnings and the same is not eligible to be reclassified to Standalone Statement of Profit and loss.
Defined benefit costs comprising current service cost, past service cost, interest cost and gains or losses on settlements are recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and loss as employee benefits expense. Gains or losses on settlement of any defined benefit plan are recognized when the settlement occurs. Past service cost is recognized as expense at the earlier of the plan amendment or curtailment and when the Company
recognizes related restructuring costs or termination benefits.
c) Other long-term employee benefits
Benefits under the Company''s compensated absences constitute other long-term employee benefits, recognized as an expense in the Standalone Statement of Profit and loss for the period in which the employee has rendered services. The obligation recognized in respect of these long-term benefits is measured at present value of the obligation based on actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit credit method.
Long term employee benefit costs comprising current service cost, interest cost and gains or losses on curtailments and settlements, re-measurements including actuarial gains and losses are recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and loss as employee benefit expenses.
Cash and cash equivalent include cash on hand, cash at banks and short-term deposits with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.
For the purpose of the Standalone statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of unrestricted cash and short-term deposits, as defined above as they are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets upto the assets are substantially ready for their intended use.
The loan origination costs directly attributable to the acquisition of borrowings (e.g. loan processing fee, upfront fee) are amortized on the basis of the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method over the term of the loan. All other borrowing costs are recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and loss in the period in which they are incurred.
2.13 Provisions, contingent assets and contingent
liabilities
a) Provisions
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, considering the risk and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.
I f the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.
b) Warranties
Provisions for the expected liability of warranty obligations under sale of goods are recognized at the management''s best estimate if the claims of the customers under warranty are probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated.
c) Contingent liabilities
Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation or present obligations that may but probably will not, require an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits or the amount of such obligation cannot be measured reliably. When there is possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which likelihood of outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
These are reviewed at each financial reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
d) Contingent assets
Contingent assets are not recognized though are disclosed, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.
The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period in exchange for consideration.
a) Company as a lessee
The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short- term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognizes lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.
i) Right-of-use assets
The Company recognizes right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any re-measurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognized, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets.
If ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Company at the end of the lease term or the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset.
Right-of-use assets are tested for impairment whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment loss, if any, is recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and loss.
u) Lease liabilities
At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognizes lease liabilities measured at the present value
of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising the option to terminate. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognized as expenses (unless they are incurred to produce inventories) in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.
In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is re-measured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset. The Company''s lease liabilities are included in financial liabilities
iii) Short term lease and leases of low value assets
The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases contracts including lease of residential premises and
offices (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases of office equipment that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
iv) Single discount rate
The Company has applied the available practical expedient with respect to single discount rate wherein single discount rate is used for portfolio of leases with reasonably similar characteristics.
b) Company as a lessor
Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income arising is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognized over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognized as revenue in the period in which they are earned.
2.15 Financial instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Trade receivables issued are initially recognized when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
a) Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement
A financial asset (except trade receivable and contract asset) is recognized initially at fair value plus or minus s transaction
cost that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets (other than financial assets at fair value through profit and loss). Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (''FVTPL) are recognized immediately in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.
Classification and subsequent measurement
On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at
- amortized cost;
- FVOCI â equity investment; or
- FVTPL
Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.
A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:
- the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and
- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present subsequent changes in the fair value in other comprehensive income (designated as FVOCI â equity investment). The Company makes such election on an instrument-byinstrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.
If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the other comprehensive income (''OCI''). There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.
Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.
All financial assets not classified as measured at amortized cost or FVOCI as described above are measured at FVTPL.
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in following categories:
Financial assets at amortized cost
These assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The amortized cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.
Financial assets at FVTPL
These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest income, are recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.
Equity investments at FVOCI
These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Other net gains and losses are recognized in OCI and are not reclassified to profit or loss.
Impairment of financial assets
Expected credit loss (ECL) is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that
the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR.
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:
(a) Financial assets that are measured at amortized cost e.g., deposits, trade receivables and bank balance.
(b) Financial assets that are measured as at FVTOCI
(c) Lease receivables under Ind AS 116
(d) Trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 115
The Company follows ''simplified approach'' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on Trade receivables.
The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.
Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial asset. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the
lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income/ expense in the Standalone Statement of Profit and loss. ECL for financial assets measured as at amortized cost and contractual revenue receivables is presented as an allowance, i.e., as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the Standalone statement of assets and Liabilities. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.
The Company does not have any purchased or originated credit impaired (POCI) financial assets, i.e., financial assets which are credit impaired on purchase/ origination.
Derecognition of financial assets
The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.
If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognized on its Standalone statement of assets and liabilities but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognized.
b) Financial liabilities
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
Subsequent measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
(i) Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
The Company has not designated any financial liabilities at FVTPL.
(ii) Financial liabilities at amortized cost
After initial recognition, Loans, borrowings, trade payables and other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method. Interest expense is recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and loss.
Derecognition of financial liabilities
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and loss.
c) Reclassification of financial assets and liabilities
The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets.
d) Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset, and the net amount is reported in the Standalone statement of assets and liabilities if there is a currently enforceable contractual legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each reporting period.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
⢠In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
⢠In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability, the principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable
inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the Standalone Financial Statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
⢠Level 1: quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
⢠Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
⢠Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the Standalone Financial Statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
External valuers are involved for valuation of significant assets and liabilities, if any. At each reporting date, the Company analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be remeasured or re-assessed as per the Company''s accounting policies.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above. This note summaries accounting policy for the fair value. Other fair value related disclosures are given in note 44.
The GST credit available on purchase of raw materials, other eligible inputs and capital goods is adjusted against taxes payable. The
unadjusted GST credit is shown under the head "Other Current Assets".
Basic earnings/(loss) per share are calculated by dividing the net profit/(loss) for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for events of bonus issue and share split. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings/ (loss) per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the equity shares been actually issued at fair value (i.e. the average market value of the outstanding equity shares). Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later date. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented. The number of equity shares and potential dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for any share splits and bonus shares issues including for changes effected prior to the approval of the Standalone Financial statements by the Board of Directors.
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker. The board of directors of the Company has been identified as being the chief operating decision maker by the Management of the Company.
The business of the Company falls within a single line of business i.e. electronics manufacturing services. All other activities of the Company revolve around its main business. Hence, no separate reportable primary segment.
Grants from the government are recognized at their fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and the Company will comply with all stipulated conditions. Government grants relating to income are deferred and recognized in the profit or loss over the period necessary to match them with the costs that they are intended to compensate and presented within other operating income. Grants related to assets are reduced from the carrying amount of the asset. Such grants are recognized in the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss over the useful life of the related depreciable asset by way of reduced depreciation charge.
2.21 Standalone Statement of Cash Flows
The Standalone statements of cash flows is made using the indirect method, whereby profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature, any deferral accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments and item of income or expense associated with investing or financing of cash flows. The cash flows from operating, financing and investing activities of the Company are segregated.
2.22 Significant accounting estimates and judgments
The estimates us
Mar 31, 2023
1. CORPORATE INFORMATION
Elin Electronics Limited ("the Company") was incorporated in India on 26th March, 1982 under the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 (CIN L29304WB1982PLC034725). The Company is engaged in the business of Electronics Manufacturing Services. The registered office of the Company is located at 143, Cotton Street, Kolkata, West Bengal-700007 and manufacturing plants in the state of Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and Goa.
The Standalone Financial Statements is approved for issue by the Company''s Board of Directors in their meeting held on 30th May, 2023.
Recent accounting pronouncements:-The MCA has notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023 on 31st March, 2023, whereby the amendments to various Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) has been made applicable with effect from 1st April, 2023 onwards. Amended requirements as per these rules in relation to various Standards are as follows:
⢠Ind AS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements: The amendments require companies to disclose their material accounting policies rather than their significant accounting policies. The Company has evaluated the requirements of the amendment and its impact on Financial Statements is not likely to be material.
⢠Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors: The definition of a change in accounting estimates has been replaced with a definition of accounting estimates. The amendments will help entities to distinguish between accounting policies and accounting estimates. The Company has evaluated the requirements of the amendment and there is no impact on its Financial Statements.
⢠Ind AS 12 - Income Taxes: The amendments narrowed the scope of the recognition exemption so that it no longer applies to transactions that, on initial recognition, give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences. The Company has evaluated the requirements of the amendment and there is no impact on its Financial Statements.
Amendments to other Indian Accounting Standards viz. Ind AS 101- First-time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards, Ind AS 102 - Share Based
Payments, Ind AS 103- Business Combinations, Ind AS 107- Financial Instruments - Disclosures, Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments, and Ind AS 34 Interim Financial Reporting are either consequential to above amendments or clerical in nature. The Company has evaluated the requirements of the amendments and there is no impact on its Financial Statements.
2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
A summary of the significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of the Standalone Financial Statements are as given below. These accounting policies have been applied consistently to all periods presented in the Standalone Financial Statements.
2.1 Basis of Preparation2.1.1 Statement of compliance
The standalone financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) prescribed under the Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended and relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act") and the accounting principles generally accepted in India. The Company has consistently applied accounting policies to all periods.
2.1.2Historical Cost Convention
The Standalone financial statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS), under the historical cost convention and on accrual basis as per the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act"), except for the following items:
|
Items |
Measurement basis |
|
Certain financial assets (except trade receivables and contract assets which are measured at transaction cost) and liabilities (including derivative) |
Fair value |
|
Defined benefits liability |
Present value of defined benefits obligations |
Functional and presentation currency Items included in the Standalone financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (''the functional currency''). The Standalone Financial Statements are presented in Indian rupee (''), which is also the Company''s
functional currency. All amounts have been rounded-off to the nearest Million, up to two places of decimal, unless otherwise indicated. Amounts having absolute value of less than '' 1,00,000 have been rounded and are presented as '' 0.00 Millions in the Standalone Financial Statements.
2.2 Current vs non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the standalone statement of assets and liabilities based on current/ non-current classification.
An asset is treated as current when it is:
⢠Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
⢠Held primarily for the purpose of trading
⢠Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
⢠Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
The Company classifies all other assets as noncurrent.
A liability is current when:
⢠It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
⢠It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
⢠It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
⢠There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
The Company classifies all other liabilities as noncurrent.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash
and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
2.3 Property plant and equipment
Recognition and Initial Measurement
Property, plant and equipment is recognised when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of each item can be measured reliably. Property, plant and equipment are initially stated at their cost.
a) Purchase price, net of any trade discounts and rebates
b) Cost directly attributable to the acquisition of the assets which incurred in bringing asset to its working condition for the intended use
c) Present value of the estimated costs of dismantling & removing the items & restoring the site on which it is located if recognition criteria are met.
Amounts paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding as of each reporting date and the cost of property, plant and equipment not ready for intended use before such date are disclosed under capital advances and capital work-in-progress (CWIP) respectively.
Significant Parts of an item of PPE (including major inspections) having different useful lives & material value or other factors are accounted for as separate components. All other repairs and maintenance costs are recognised in the statement of profit and loss as incurred.
Subsequent measurement
Property, plant and equipment are subsequently measured at cost net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Subsequent expenditure is capitalised if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company and cost of the expenditure can be measured reliably.
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is provided on straight line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as specified in schedule II of the Companies act, 2013 except for assets used in manufacturing of Medical Products which are depreciated over a period of 3 years based on the management''s internal assessment.
|
Particulars |
Useful life as per Schedule II |
Particulars |
Useful life as per Schedule II |
|
Computers |
3 Years |
Dies, tools and Moulds |
15 Years |
|
Servers |
6 Years |
Factory Building |
30 Years |
|
Office Equipment |
5 Years |
Building (other than factory building) |
60 Years |
|
Furniture and fixtures |
10 Years |
Electric Installation and Equipments |
10 Years |
|
Plant & Machinery |
15 Years |
Motor Cycles |
10 Years |
|
Plant & Machinery (medical products)* |
3 Years |
Motor Vehicles & Lorry |
8 Years |
*For these classes of assets based on internal assessment and technical evaluation, the management believes that the useful lives as given above best represent the period over which the Management expects to use these assets. Hence the useful lives for these assets is different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of Companies Act 2013.
Depreciation on additions to/deductions from property, plant and equipment during the period is charged on pro-rata basis from/up to the date on which the asset is available for use/disposed. Each part of an item of property, plant and equipment is depreciated separately if the cost of part is significant in relation to the total cost of the item and useful life of that part is different from the useful life of remaining asset. Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
Derecognition
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the standalone statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
Intangible assets (Other than goodwill) acquired separately are stated at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment loss, if any. Intangible assets are amortised on straight line basis over the
estimated useful life. Estimated useful life of the software is considered as 3 years. Amortisation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed in each financial year / period end and changes, if any, are accounted for prospectively. An intangible asset is de-recognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset are recognised in the Standalone statement of Profit and Loss.
2.5 Impairment of non-financial assets
At each reporting date, the Company assesses, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash- generating unit''s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or Companys of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount and the impairment loss, including impairment on inventories are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.
I n assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.
For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or CGU''s recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior period. Such reversal is recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.
a) I nventories (which comprise traded goods) are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:
⢠Raw materials: Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on first in, first out basis.
⢠Finished goods and intermediate products (including manufactured components): Cost includes cost of direct materials and labor and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on the normal operating capacity. Cost is determined on first in, first out basis.
⢠Stores and spares, consumables and packing materials cost includes direct expenses and is determined on the basis of first in first out method.
b) Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by-item basis.
Revenue is measured at the transaction price that is allocated to the performance obligation and it excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties and is adjusted for variable considerations. Any subsequent
change in the transaction price is then allocated to the performance obligations in the contract on the same basis as at contract inception. The Company recognises revenue for variable consideration when it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur. The Company estimates the amount of revenue to be recognised on variable consideration using most likely amount method. Consequently, amounts allocated to a satisfied performance obligation are recognised as revenue, or as a reduction of revenue, in the period in which the transaction price changes. Contract modifications are accounted for when additions, deletions or changes are approved either to the contract scope or contract price.
a) Sale of products and Services
Revenue from sale of products is recognised at the point in time when control of the goods is transferred to the customer at the time of shipment to or receipt of goods by the customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.
The Company has concluded that it is the principal in its revenue arrangements as it typically controls the goods or services before transferring them to the customer.
Sales-related warranties associated with sale of goods cannot be purchased separately and they serve as an assurance that the products sold comply with agreed-upon specifications. Accordingly, the Company accounts for warranties in accordance with Ind AS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets.
The goods and service tax (GST) is not received by the Company on its own account. Rather, it is tax collected on behalf of the government. Accordingly, it is excluded from revenue.
b) Other Operating Revenue
Export incentive is recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions and the incentive will be received.
c) Other Revenue
⢠Interest income: Interest income is recognised as interest accrues using the effective interest method ("EIR") that is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of
the financial instrument to the net carrying amount of the financial asset.
⢠Dividends: Dividend income is recognised when the right to receive payment is established.
⢠Rental income: Rental income arising from operating leases or on investment properties is accounted for on a straightline basis over the lease terms & included in other non-operating income in Statement of Profit and Loss.
⢠Insurance Claims: Insurance claims are accounted for as and when admitted by the concerned authority.
d) Contract balances
⢠Contract assets: A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration that is conditional.
⢠Trade receivables: A receivable represents the Company''s right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e., only the passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due).
⢠Contract liabilities: A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfers goods or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognised when the payment is made, or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs under the contract.
e) Right of return
The Company provides a customer with a right to return in case of any defects or on grounds of quality. The Company uses the expected value method to estimate the goods that will not be returned because this method best predicts the amount of variable consideration to which the
Company will be entitled. The requirements in Ind AS 115 on constraining estimates of variable consideration are also applied in order to determine the amount of variable consideration that can be included in the transaction price.
The Company has also applied the practical expedient under Ind AS 115 for incremental cost of obtaining a contract and has recognised such cost as an expense when incurred if the amortisation period of the asset is one year or less.
a) Current tax
Current tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities in accordance with relevant tax regulations. Current tax is determined as the tax payable in respect of taxable income for the period and is computed in accordance with relevant tax regulations. Current tax is recognised in standalone statement of profit and loss except to the extent it relates to items recognised outside profit or loss in which case it is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognised in relation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes current tax payable where appropriate.
Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
b) Deferred tax
Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax is recognised in standalone statement of profit and loss except to the extent it relates to items recognised outside profit or loss, in which case is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profit will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority.
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the functional currency, by applying the exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.
Foreign currency monetary items outstanding at the reporting date are converted to functional currency using the closing rate (Closing selling rates for liabilities and closing buying rate for assets). Nonmonetary items denominated in a foreign currency which are carried at historical cost are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transactions. Exchange differences arising on settlement of monetary items, or restatement as at reporting date, at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded, are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss in the period in which they arise. These exchange differences are presented in the standalone statement of profit and loss on net basis.
a) Short-term employee benefits
Employee benefits such as salaries, short term compensated absences, and other benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short-term
employee benefits and undiscounted amount of such benefits are expensed in the standalone statement of profit and loss in in the period in which the employee renders the related services.
b) Post-employment benefits
⢠Defined Contribution Plan: A defined contribution plan is a plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts.
The Company makes specified monthly contribution towards provident fund (''PF'') and employee state insurance scheme (''ESI'') which is a defined contribution plan. The Company''s contribution is recognised as an expense in the standalone statement of profit and loss during the period in which the employee renders the related service.
⢠Defined Benefit Plan: A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. Under such plans, the obligation for any benefits remains with the Company. The Company''s liability towards gratuity is in the nature of defined benefit plan.
The Company has an obligation towards gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan covering eligible employees. The plan provides for a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment of an amount based on the respective employee''s salary and the tenure of employment. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of service. The Company makes periodic contributions to the Kotak Mahindra Life Insurance Limited, Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Co. Limited and Birla Sun Life Insurance Co. Limited for the Gratuity Plan in respect of employees. The liability in respect of gratuity is accrued in the books of accounts on the basis of actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method.
The Company''s net obligation is measured at the present value of the estimated future cash flows using a discount rate based on the market yield on government securities of a maturity period equivalent to the weighted average maturity profile of the defined benefit obligations at each reporting date.
Re-measurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, is recognised in other comprehensive income and is reflected in retained earnings and the same is not eligible to be reclassified to standalone statement of profit and loss.
Defined benefit costs comprising current service cost, past service cost, interest cost and gains or losses on settlements are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss as employee benefits expense. Gains or losses on settlement of any defined benefit plan are recognised when the settlement occurs. Past service cost is recognised as expense at the earlier of the plan amendment or curtailment and when the Company recognises related restructuring costs or termination benefits.
c) Other long-term employee benefits
Benefits under the Company''s compensated absences constitute other long-term employee benefits, recognised as an expense in the standalone statement of profit and loss for the period in which the employee has rendered services. The obligation recognised in respect of these long-term benefits is measured at present value of the obligation based on actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit credit method. Long term employee benefit costs comprising current service cost, interest cost and gains or losses on curtailments and settlements, re-measurements including actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss as employee benefit expenses.
Cash and cash equivalent include cash on hand, cash at banks and short-term deposits with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.
For the purpose of the standalone statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of unrestricted cash and short-term deposits, as defined above as they are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets upto the assets are substantially ready for their intended use.
The loan origination costs directly attributable to the acquisition of borrowings (e.g. loan processing fee, upfront fee) are amortised on the basis of the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method over the term of the loan. All other borrowing costs are recognised in the Standalone statement of profit and loss in the period in which they are incurred.
2.13 Provisions, contingent assets and contingent liabilities
a) Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, considering the risk and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
b) Warranties
Provisions for the expected liability of warranty obligations under sale of goods are recognised at the management''s best estimate if the claims of the customers under warranty are probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated.
c) Contingent liabilities
Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation or present obligations that may but probably will not, require an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits or the amount of such obligation cannot be measured reliably. When there is possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which likelihood of outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
These are reviewed at each financial reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
Contingent assets are not recognised though are disclosed, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.
The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period in exchange for consideration. a) Company as a lessee
The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short- term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.
i) Right-of-use assets
The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any re-measurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets.
If ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Company at the end of the lease term or the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset. Right-of-use assets are tested for impairment whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss. u) Lease liabilities
At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease
payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising the option to terminate. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as expenses (unless they are incurred to produce inventories) in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.
In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is re-measured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset. The Company''s lease liabilities are included in financial liabilities iii) Short term lease and leases of low value assets
The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its shortterm leases contracts including lease of residential premises and offices (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases of office equipment that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are
recognised as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. iv) Single discount rate
The Company has applied the available practical expedient with respect to single discount rate wherein single discount rate is used for portfolio of leases with reasonably similar characteristics. b) Company as a lessor
Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income arising is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned.
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Trade receivables issued are initially recognised when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. a) Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement A financial asset (except trade receivable and contract asset) is recognised initially at fair value plus or minus s transaction cost that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets (other than financial assets at fair value through profit and loss). Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (''FVTPL) are recognised immediately in the Standalone statement of Profit and Loss.
Classification and subsequent measurement On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at
- amortised cost;
- FVOCI â equity investment; or
- FVTPL
Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.
A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:
- t he asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and
- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present subsequent changes in the fair value in other comprehensive income (designated as FVOCI â equity investment). The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.
If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in the other comprehensive income (''OCI''). There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to the Standalone statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.
Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the Standalone statement of Profit and Loss.
All financial assets not classified as measured at amortised cost or FVOCI as described above are measured at FVTPL.
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in following categories:
Financial assets at amortised cost These assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The amortised cost is reduced by
impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognised in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognised in the Standalone statement of Profit and Loss.
Financial assets at FVTPL These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest income, are recognised in the Standalone statement of Profit and Loss.
Equity investments at FVOCI These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Other net gains and losses are recognised in OCI and are not reclassified to profit or loss. Impairment of financial assets Expected credit loss (ECL) is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR.
I n accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:
(a) Financial assets that are measured at amortised cost e.g., deposits, trade receivables and bank balance.
(b) Financial assets that are measured as at FVTOCI
(c) Lease receivables under Ind AS 116
(d) Trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 115
The Company follows ''simplified approach'' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on Trade receivables.
The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial
recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.
Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial asset. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognised during the period is recognised as income/ expense in the standalone statement of profit and loss. ECL for financial assets measured as at amortised cost and contractual revenue receivables is presented as an allowance, i.e., as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the Standalone statement of Assets and Liabilities. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.
The Company does not have any purchased or originated credit impaired (POCI) financial assets, i.e., financial assets which are credit impaired on purchase/ origination.
Derecognition of financial assets The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.
If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its standalone statement of assets and liabilities but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.
Initial recognition and measurement All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
Subsequent measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
(i) Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
The Company has not designated any financial liabilities at FVTPL.
(ii) Financial liabilities at amortised cost After initial recognition, Loans, borrowings, trade payables and other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Interest expense is recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.
Derecognition of financial liabilities A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss.
c) Reclassification of financial assets and liabilities
The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets.
d) Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset, and the net amount is reported in the standalone
statement of assets and liabilities if there is a currently enforceable contractual legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each reporting period.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
⢠In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
⢠In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability, the principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest. A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the Standalone Financial Statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
⢠Level 1: quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
⢠Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
⢠Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the Standalone Financial Statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period. External valuers are involved for valuation of significant assets and liabilities, if any. At each reporting date, the Company analyzes the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be remeasured or re-assessed as per the Company''s accounting policies.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
Above is the summary of accounting policy for fair value. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.
The GST credit available on purchase of raw materials, other eligible inputs and capital goods is adjusted against taxes payable. The unadjusted GST credit is shown under the head "Other Current Assets".
Basic earnings/(loss) per share are calculated by dividing the net profit/(loss) for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for events of bonus issue and share split. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings/ (loss) per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the equity shares been actually issued at fair value (i.e. the average market value of the outstanding equity shares). Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later date. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented. The number of equity shares and potential dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented
for any share splits and bonus shares issues including for changes effected prior to the approval of the standalone financial statements by the Board of Directors.
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker. The board of directors of the Company has been identified as being the chief operating decision maker by the Management of the Company.
The business of the Company falls within a single line of business i.e. electronics manufacturing services. All other activities of the Company revolve around its main business. Hence, no separate reportable primary segment.
Grants from the government are recognised at their fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and the Company will comply with all stipulated conditions. Government grants relating to income are deferred and recognised in the profit or loss over the period necessary to match them with the costs that they are intended to compensate and presented within other operating income. Grants related to assets are reduced from the carrying amount of the asset. Such grants are recognised in the Standalone statement of Profit and Loss over the useful life of the related depreciable asset by way of reduced depreciation charge.
2.21 Standalone statement of cash flows
The standalone statements of cash flows is made using the indirect method, whereby profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature, any deferral accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments and item of income or expense associated with investing or financing of cash flows. The cash flows from operating, financing and investing activities of the Company are segregated.
2.22 Significant accounting estimates and judgments
The estimates used in the preparation of the Standalone Financial Statements of each period/ year presented are continuously evaluated by the Company and are based on historical experience and various other assumptions and factors (including expectations of future events), that the Company believes to be reasonable under the existing circumstances. The said estimates are based on the facts and events, that existed as at the reporting date,
or that occurred after that date but provide additional evidence about conditions existing as at the reporting date. Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results could differ materially from these estimates - even if the assumptions underlying such estimates were reasonable when made, if these results differ from historical experience or other assumptions do not turn out to be substantially accurate. The changes in estimates are recognised in the Standalone Financial Statements in the period in which they become known.
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Significant judgements
⢠Allowances for uncollected trade receivables Trade receivables do not carry interest and are stated at their nominal values as reduced by appropriate allowances for estimated irrecoverable amount are based on ageing of the receivable balances and historical experiences. Individual trade receivables are written off when management deems not be collectible.
⢠Contingencies
In the normal course of business, contingent liabilities may arise from litigation and other claims against the Company. There are certain obligations which managements have concluded based on all available facts and circumstances are not probable of payment or difficult to quantify reliably and such obligations are treated as contingent liabilities and disclosed in notes Although there can be no assurance of the final outcome of legal proceedings in which the Company is involved. it is not expected that such contingencies will have material effect on its financial position of probability.
⢠Impairment of other financial assets
The impairment provision for financial assets are based on assumptions about risk of default and expected loss rates. The Company uses judgement in making these assumptions and selecting the inputs to the impairment calculation., based on the Company''s past history, existing market conditions as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each
reporting period.
⢠Taxes
Uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation of complex tax regulations, changes in tax laws, and the amount and timing of future taxable income. Given the nature of business differences arising between the actual results and the assumptions made, or future changes to such assumptions, could necessitate future adjustments to tax income and expense already recorded. The Company establishes current tax payable, based on reasonable estimates. The amount of such current tax payable is based on various factors, such as experience of previous tax audits and differing interpretations of tax regulations by the taxable entity and the responsible tax authority. Such differences of interpretation may arise on a wide variety of issues depending on the conditions prevailing in the domicile of the Company.
⢠Recoverability of deferred taxes
I n assessing the recoverability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the losses can be utilised. The ultimate realisation of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the temporary differences become deductible.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the losses can be utilised. Significant management judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.
⢠Impairment of non-financial assets
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