Accounting Policies of Sakthi Sugars Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2018

Note No. 1

significant accounting policies

Corporate Information:

Sakthi Sugars Limited is engaged in the business of manufacture of sugar, industrial alcohol, power and soya products. The Company’s segments include sugar, industrial alcohol, soya products and power. The by-products/waste products from sugar manufacturing operation include molasses, bagasse and press mud.

The installed capacity of sugar division is 19,000 tons of cane crush per day (TCD). Its power division has co-generation power plants at Sakthinagar, Sivaganga and Modakurichi, and the aggregate power generation capacity of all three plants is 92 MW.

Its distillery produces rectified spirit, extra neutral alcohol and ethanol, and has a distillation capacity of 150 kiloliters per day (KLPD) and ethanol plant capacity of over 50 KLPD.

The Company has capacity to process 90,000 tons soya beans per annum.

The Company’s shares are listed in BSE Ltd and National Stock Exchange of India Ltd.

Significant Accounting policies:

1.1 Basis of preparation and presentation:

These financial statements are the separate financial statements of the Company (also called standalone financial statements) prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (‘Ind AS’) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read together with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015.

For all periods up to and including the year ended March 31, 2017, the Company had prepared and presented its financial statements in accordance with Accounting Standards notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read together with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 (‘Previous GAAP’). Detailed explanation on how the transition from previous GAAP to Ind AS has affected the Company’s Balance Sheet, financial performance and cash flows is given under Note 52.

These financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention, on the accrual basis of accounting except for certain financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as stated in the accounting policies set out below. The accounting policies have been applied consistently over all the periods presented in these financial statements.

1.2 Current/Non-Current Classification:

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current / non-current classification.

(a) An asset is treated as current when it is:

(i) Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

(ii) Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

(iii) Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

(iv) Held primarily for the purpose of trading All other assets are classified as non-current.

(b) A liability is current when:

(i) It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

(ii) It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

(iii) There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

(iv) Held primarily for the purpose of trading All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash or cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

1.3 Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires the Management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) as of the date of the financial statements and the reported income and expenses like provision for employee benefits, provision for doubtful

trade receivables/advances/contingencies, provision for warranties, allowance for slow/non-moving inventories, useful life of Property, Plant and Equipment, provision for taxation, etc., during the reporting year. The Management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results may vary from these estimates.

1.4 Inventory:

Inventories of raw materials, work-in-progress, stores, finished products and stock-in-trade are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value.

Cost is ascertained on seasonal weighted average for sugar and yearly average for stores and soya products.

Soya Bean, Stock-in-trade of fertilizer and newsprint costs are ascertained on FIFO basis.

By-products are valued at net realizable value. Standing crops are valued at net realizable value.

1.5 property, plant and Equipment:

Measurement at recognition : Property, plant and equipment assets are carried at cost net of tax / duty credit availed less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.

Historical cost includes taxes, duties, freight, insurance etc., attributable to acquisition and installation of assets and borrowing cost incurred upto the date of commencing operations but excludes duties and taxes that are recoverable from taxing authorities. Indirect expenses during construction period, which are required to bring the asset in the condition for its intended use by the management and are directly attributable to bringing the asset to its position, are also capitalized.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognized when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

Assets which are not ready for their intended use and capital work-in-progress are carried at cost comprising direct cost, related incidental expenses and attributable interest.

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to regard the fair values of all its property, plant and equipment as at April 01, 2016 as deemed cost in accordance with the stipulation of Ind AS 101 “First-time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards”. Refer Note No. 52 for the first-time adoption impact.

Depreciation: Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is provided on the straight-line method over the useful life in the manner prescribed in the Schedule II of the Companies Act 2013.

Depreciation on addition to assets or on sale/discarding of assets, is calculated on pro-rata from the month of such addition or up to the month of such sale/discarding, as the case may be.

de-recognition: An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of asset.

Gains and losses on disposals or retirement of assets are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.6 Intangible assets

Measurement at recognition: Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Intangible assets arising on acquisition of business are measured at fair value as at date of acquisition. Internally generated intangibles including research cost are not capitalized and the related expenditure is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

Amortization: Intangible Assets with finite lives are amortized on straight-line basis over the estimated useful economic life. The amortization expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with finite useful life is reviewed at the end of each financial year. If any of these estimations differ from previous estimates, such change is accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate.

derecognition: The carrying amount of an intangible asset is derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. The gain or loss arising from the derecognition of an intangible asset is measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the intangible asset and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

1.7 revenue recognition:

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Revenue is reduced for estimated customer returns, rebates and other similar allowances.

a) sale of goods

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the goods are despatched, and titles have passed, at which time all the following conditions are satisfied:

i) The company has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;

ii) The company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;

iii) The amount of revenue can be measured reliably;

iv) It is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the company; and

v) The costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

b) Dividend and interest income:

Dividend income from investments is recognised when the shareholder’s right to receive payment has been established (provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the company and the amount of income can be measured reliably).

Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset’s net carrying amount on initial recognition.

c) Insurance Claims:

Insurance claims are accounted for on the basis of claims admitted/ expected to be admitted and to the extent that the amount recoverable can be measured reliably and it is reasonable to expect ultimate collection.

d) Export Benefits:

Export benefits are accounted for in the year of exports based on eligibility and when there is no uncertainty in receiving the same.

e) rental Income:

Rental income arising from operating leases is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms and is included in revenue in the Statement of Profit or Loss due to its operating nature.

1.8 Foreign Currency Transactions:

On initial recognition, transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company are recorded in the functional currency (i.e. Indian Rupees), by applying to the foreign currency amount, the spot exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction. Exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the year are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Foreign currency monetary items of the Company are translated at the closing exchange rates. Non-monetary items that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is measured.

Exchange differences arising out of these translations are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.9 employee Benefits:

a) short term employee Benefits

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short-term employee benefits and they are recognized in the period in which the employee renders the related service. The Company recognizes the undiscounted amount of short term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for services rendered as a liability (accrued expense) after deducting any amount already paid.

b) post-Employment Benefits:

i) Defined Contribution plans:

Defined contribution plans are employee provident fund and employee state insurance scheme for all applicable employees and superannuation scheme for eligible employees.

recognition and measurement of defined contribution plans:

The Company recognizes contribution payable to a defined contribution plan as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the employees render services to the Company during the reporting period. If the contribution payable for services received from employees before the reporting date exceeds the contributions already paid, the deficit payable is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the reporting date, the excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the prepayment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payments or a cash refund.

ii) defined Benefit plans

Gratuity: Liabilities with regard to the gratuity benefits payable in future are determined by actuarial valuation at each Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in other comprehensive income and shall not be reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss in a subsequent period.

Leave encashment / Compensated absences: The Company provides for the encashment of leave with pay subject to certain rules. The employees are entitled to accumulate leave subject to certain limits, for future encashment / availment. The liability is provided based on the number of days of unutilized leave at each Balance Sheet date on the basis of an independent actuarial valuation. Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the other comprehensive income

1.10 Segment Reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (‘CODM’) of the Company. The CODM is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments of the Company.

1.11 Non-Current Assets held for sale

The Company classifies non-current assets as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale rather than through continuing use of the assets and actions required to complete such sale indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan to sell will be made or that the decision to sell will be withdrawn. Also, such assets are classified as held for sale only if the management expects to complete the sale within one year from the date of classification.

Non-current assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less cost to sell. Non-current assets are not depreciated or amortized.

1.12 Investment in Associate Company

The Company has elected to recognize its investments in Associate Company at cost in accordance with the option available in Ind AS 27, ‘Separate Financial Statements. Provision for diminution, if any, in the value of investments is made to recognise a decline in value, other than temporary.

1.13 Government Grants

Government grants are not recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the company will comply with the conditions attaching to them and that the grants will be received.

Government grants are recognised in Statement of Profit or Loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Company recognises as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate. Specifically, government grants whose primary condition is that the company should purchase, construct or otherwise acquire non-current assets are recognised as deferred revenue in the Balance Sheet and transferred to Statement of Profit or Loss on a systematic and rational basis over the useful lives of the related assets.

Government grants that are receivable as compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or for the purpose of giving immediate financial support to the company with no future related costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they become receivable.

In respect of government loans at below-market rate of interest existing on the date of transition, the Company has availed the optional exemption under Ind AS 101 - First Time Adoption and has not recognised the corresponding benefit of the government loan at below-market interest rate as Government grant.

1.14 Current Tax and Deferred Tax

The income tax expense or credit for the period is the tax payable on the current period’s taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate for each jurisdiction adjusted by the changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences and to unused tax losses.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the Balance Sheet method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Current and deferred tax is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) credit, which is equal to the excess of MAT (calculated in accordance with provisions of Section 115JB of the Income tax Act, 1961) over normal income-tax is recognized as an item in deferred tax asset by crediting the Statement of Profit and Loss only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will be able to avail the said credit against normal tax payable during the period of fifteen succeeding assessment years.

1.15 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to shareholders and assumed conversion by the weighted average number of common shares and potential common shares from outstanding stock options.

1.16 Impairment of Assets

The carrying values of assets/cash generating units are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment of the carrying amount of the Company’s assets. If any indication exists, an asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. An impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the net selling price and their value in use. Value in use is arrived at by discounting the future cash flows to their present value based on an appropriate discount factor. When there is indication that an impairment loss recognised for an asset in earlier accounting periods no longer exists or may have decreased such reversal of impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.17 Provisions and Contingencies

The Company recognizes provisions when a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event exists and it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle such obligation and the amount of such obligation can be reliably estimated.

If the effect of time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is probable that an outflow of resources will not be required to settle the obligation. However, if the possibility of outflow of resources, arising out of present obligation, is remote, it is not even disclosed as contingent liability.

A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the notes to financial statements. A contingent asset is not recognized in financial statements, however, the same is disclosed where an inflow of economic benefit is probable.

1.18 Leases

a) Company as Lessee

The Company’s significant leasing arrangements are in respect of operating leases for premises that are cancelable in nature. The lease rentals under such agreements are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as per the terms of the lease.

Rental expense from operating leases is generally recognised on straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease or based on the time pattern of user benefit basis. Where the rentals are structured solely to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increases, such increases are recognised in the year in which such benefits accrue. Contingent rentals arising under operating leases are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

In the event that lease incentives are received to enter into operating leases, such incentives are recognised as a liability. The aggregate benefit of incentives is recognised as a reduction of rental expense on straight-line basis, except where another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased asset are consumed.

b) Company as Lessor

The Company’s significant leasing arrangements are in respect of operating leases for premises that are cancellable in nature. The lease rentals under such agreements are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as per the terms of the lease. Rental income from operating leases is generally recognised on straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Where the rentals are structured solely to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the Company’s expected inflationary cost increases, such increases are recognised in the year in which such benefits accrue. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

1.19 Borrowing Costs

Borrowing cost includes interest, amortisation of ancillary cost incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and the exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost. General and specific borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale.

Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization.

Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

1.20 Financial Instrument

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when an entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through Statement of Profit and Loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities are recognised at fair value through profit and loss are recognised immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss.

a) Fair Value measurement

The Company measures financial instruments, such as, investments at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

i) In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

ii) In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their best economic interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

i) Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

ii) Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

iii) Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

When the fair values of financials assets and financial liabilities recorded in the Balance Sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques, including the discounted cash flow model, which involve various judgements and assumptions.

b) Financial Assets

i) initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.

ii) Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement: Debt instruments are measured at amortised cost.

iii) de-recognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of the group of similar financial assets) is derecognised primarily when:

(a) The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

(b) The Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset

iv) Impairment of Financial Assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the financial assets and credit risk exposure that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g., loans, debt securities, deposits, trade receivables and bank balance.

The Company follows ‘simplified approach’ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables.

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at the original Effective Interest Rate (EIR). When estimating the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:

(a) All contractual terms of the financial instrument (including prepayment, extension, call and similar options) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the financial instrument.

(b) Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms.

As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed.

ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income/ expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This amount is reflected under the head ‘other expenses’ in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The Balance Sheet presentation for various financial instruments is that in the case of financial assets measured as at amortised cost, ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e., as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the Balance Sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.

For assessing increase in credit risk and impairment loss, the Company combines financial instruments on the basis of shared credit risk characteristics with the objective of facilitating an analysis that is designed to enable significant increases in credit risk to be identified on a timely basis.

c) Financial Liabilities

i) Initial recognition and measurement

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.The Company’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables.

ii) subsequent measurement

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss (FVPL) are designated as such at the initial date of recognition and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains / losses attributable to changes in own credit risks are recognized in other comprehensive income (OCI). These gains/ losses are not subsequently transferred to P&L. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss.

iii) de-recognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss.

1.21 Events after Reporting date

Where events occurring after the Balance Sheet date provide evidence of conditions that existed at the end of the reporting period, the impact of such events is adjusted within the financial statements. Otherwise, events after the Balance Sheet date of material size or nature are only disclosed.

1.22 Cash and Cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the Balance Sheet comprise of cash on hand, demand deposits with Banks, other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

1.23 Cash flow statement:

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated based on the available information.

1.24 Rounding off amounts

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest Lakh with two decimals, as per the requirement of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated.

1.25 Recent accounting pronouncements

Standards issued but not yet effective

In March, 2018, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) issued Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2018, notifying Ind AS 115, Revenue from Contract with Customers, Appendix B to Ind AS 21, Foreign Currency transactions and advance consideration and amendments to certain other standards. These amendments are in line with recent amendments made by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). These amendments are applicable to the Company from April 01, 2018. The Company will be adopting the amendments from their effective date.

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Mar 31, 2014

1. Basis of Preparation:

The accompanying Financial Statements have been prepared on a going concern basis under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis of accounting in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India ("India GAAP").

2. Valuation of Inventories:

Inventories of raw materials, work-in-progress, stores, finished products and stock-in-trade are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is ascertained on seasonal weighted average for sugar and yearly average for stores and soya products. Soya Bean, Stock-in-trade of fertilizer and newsprint cost ascertained on FIFO basis. By-products are valued at Net realizable value. Standing crops are valued at net realizable value.

3. Fixed Assets:

a) Fixed Assets are shown at cost/re-valued figures, less accumulated depreciation. Fixed assets added during the year are valued at cost net of CENVAT but includes all direct expenses like freight, erection charges, pre operative expenses and borrowing costs.

b) Expenditure including borrowing cost incurred on projects under implementation is shown under "Work-in-Progress" pending allocation to the assets.

4. Intangible Assets:

The payment made towards goodwill to cane ryots and to employees as per wage board settlement during the year 2004-05, is amortized over a period of 10 years in accordance with AS-26.

5. Borrowing Costs:

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets.

6. Depreciation:

Depreciation is provided under Straight Line Method at the rates /as per notes prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, on original/revalued cost of assets as the case may be. The additional depreciation relating to increased value of revalued assets is adjusted against Revaluation Reserve.

7. Investment:

Long term Investments are accounted at cost. The diminution, if any, in value of long term investments is provided if such decline is other than temporary.

8. a) Revenue Recognition:

Revenue is recognised to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods are transferred to the customer and is stated net of trade discounts, excise duty and sales return.

i. Gross turnover includes excise duty but exclude sales tax.

ii. Dividend income is accounted for in the year it is declared.

iii. All other incomes are accounted for on accrual basis.

iv. The excise duty on sale of finished goods is deducted from the turnover to arrive at the net sales as shown in the statement of profit and loss account.

v. Inter segmental transfer price is not recognised.

b) Expenditure Recognition:

i. The cane price is written off on the basis of determination of statutory price and agreed price over and above statutory price.

ii. The Excise duty appearing in the statement of profit and loss account as an expenditure represents excise duty provision for difference between opening and closing stock of finished goods.

9. Foreign currency transactions:

Recognition of foreign exchange fluctuation is based on the maturity of obligations.

10. Retirement Benefits:

Contribution payable by the Company under defined contribution schemes towards Provident fund, Gratuity, Employees State Insurance and Superannuation fund for the year are charged to statement of profit and loss account.

The Company has opted for Life Insurance Corporation of India Group Gratuity Scheme. For calculating gratuity liability, the premium ascertained by LIC has been taken into account.

Provision for liability in respect of leave encashment benefits are made based on actuarial valuation made by an independent actuary as at 31.03.2014.

11. Segment Reporting:

The segment reporting is in line with the accounting policies of the company. Inter segment transactions have been accounted for based on the price which has been arrived at considering cost for utilities and net realizable value for by-products. Revenue and expenses that are directly identifiable with or allocable to segments are considered for determining the segment results. Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable with the respective segments. Business segments are identified on the basis of the nature of products, the risk/return profile of the individual business, the organizational structure and the internal reporting system of the company.

12. Deferred Tax:

Deferred tax is recognized on timing difference between accounting income and the taxable income for the period and reversal of timing differences of earlier periods and quantified using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted / substantively enacted as at the balance sheet date. The deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that these would be realized in future.

13. Earning per share:

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

14. Impairment of Assets:

Impairment, if any, is recognized in accordance with the Accounting Standard 28.

15. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provision is recognized only when there is a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the notes. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.

16. Leases:

The Company''s significant leasing arrangements are operating leases and are cancelable in nature. The lease rental paid or received under such arrangements are accounted in the statement of profit and loss.

---

Mar 31, 2013

1. Basis of Preparation:

The accompanying Financial Statements have been prepared on a going concern basis under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis of accounting in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India ("India GAAP").

2. Valuation of Inventories:

Inventories of raw materials, work-in-progress, stores, finished products and stock-in-trade are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is ascertained on seasonal weighted average for sugar and yearly average for stores and soya products, soya bean, stock-in-trade of fertilizer and newsprint cost ascertained on FIFO basis. Byproducts are valued at net realizable value. Standing crops are valued at net realizable value.

3. Fixed Assets:

a) Fixed Assets are shown at cost/re-valued figures, less accumulated depreciation. Fixed assets added during the year are valued at cost net of CENVAT but includes all direct expenses like freight, erection charges, pre-operative expenses and borrowing costs.

b) Expenditure including borrowing cost incurred on projects under implementation is shown under "Work-in-Progress" pending allocation to the assets.

4. Intangible Assets:

The payment made towards goodwill to cane ryots and to employees as per wage board settlement during the year 2004-05, is amortized over a period of 10 years in accordance with AS-26.

5. Borrowing Costs:

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets.

6. Depreciation:

Depreciation is provided under Straight Line Method at the rates /as per notes prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, on original/revalued cost of assets as the case may be. The additional depreciation relating to increased value of revalued assets is adjusted against Revaluation Reserve.

7. Investment:

Long term Investments are accounted at Cost. The diminution, if any, in value of long term investments is provided if such decline is other than temporary.

8. a) Revenue Recognition:

Revenue is recognised to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods are transferred to the customer and is stated net of trade discounts, excise duty and sales return.

i. Gross turnover includes excise duty but exclude sales tax.

ii. Dividend income is accounted for in the year it is declared.

iii. All other incomes are accounted for on accrual basis.

iv. The Excise duty on sale of finished goods is deducted from the turnover to arrive at the net sales as shown in the statement of profit and loss. v. Inter segmental transfer price is not recognised.

b) Expenditure Recognition:

i. The cane price is written off on the basis of determination of statutory price and agreed price over and above statutory price.

ii. The excise duty appearing in the statement of profit and loss as an expenditure represents excise duty provision for difference between opening and closing stock of finished goods.

iii. Interest charges which have been converted as Funded Interest Term Loan as per CDR scheme are recognised as expenditure in the period in which such loan instalments become due.

9. Foreign currency transactions:

Recognition of foreign exchange fluctuation is based on the maturity of obligations.

10. Retirement Benefits:

Contribution payable by the Company under defined contribution schemes towards Provident fund, Gratuity, Employees State Insurance and Superannuation fund for the year are charged to statement of profit and loss.

The Company has opted for Life Insurance Corporation of India Group Gratuity Scheme. For calculating gratuity liability, the premium ascertained by LIC has been taken into account.

Provision for liability in respect of leave encashment benefits are made based on actuarial valuation made by an independent actuary as at 31.03.2013.

11. Segment Reporting:

The segment reporting is in line with the accounting policies of the Company. Inter segment transactions have been accounted for based on the price which has been arrived at considering cost for utilities and net realizable value for by-products. Revenue and expenses that are directly identifiable with or allocable to segments are considered for determining the segment results. Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable with the respective segments. Business segments are identified on the basis of the nature of products, the risk/return profile of the individual business, the organizational structure and the internal reporting system of the Company.

12. Deferred Tax:

Deferred tax is recognized on timing difference between accounting income and the taxable income for the period and reversal of timing differences of earlier periods and quantified using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted / substantively enacted as at the balance sheet date. The deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that these would be realized in future.

13. Earnings per share:

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

14. Impairment of Assets:

Impairment, if any, is recognized in accordance with the Accounting Standard 28.

15. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provision is recognized only when there is a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the notes. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nordisclosed in the financial statements.

16. Leases:

The company''s significant leasing arrangements are operating leases and are cancellable in nature. The lease rental paid or received under such arrangements are accounted in the statement of profit and loss.

---

Mar 31, 2012

1. Basis of Preparation:

The accompanying Financial Statements have been prepared on a going concern basis under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis of accounting in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India ("India GAAP").

2. Valuation of Inventories:

Inventories of raw materials, work-in-progress, stores, finished products and stock-in-trade are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is ascertained on seasonal weighted average for sugar and yearly average for stores and soya products. Soya bean, stock-in-trade of fertilizer and newsprint cost ascertained on FIFO basis. By- products are valued at net realizable value. Standing crops are valued at net realizable value.

3. Fixed Assets:

a) Fixed Assets are shown at cost/re-valued figures, less accumulated depreciation. Fixed assets added during the year are valued at cost net of CENVAT but includes all direct expenses like freight, erection charges, pre- operative expenses and borrowing costs.

b) Expenditure including borrowing cost incurred on projects under implementation is shown under "Work-in- Progress" pending allocation to the assets.

4. Intangible Assets:

The payment made towards goodwill to cane ryots and to employees as per wage board settlement during the year 2004-05, is amortized over a period of 10 years in accordance with AS-26.

5. Borrowing Costs:

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets.

6. Depreciation:

Depreciation is provided under Straight Line Method at the rates/as per notes prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, on revalued/original cost of assets as the case may be. The additional depreciation relating to increased value of revalued assets is adjusted against Revaluation Reserve.

7. Investment:

Long term Investments are accounted at Cost. The diminution, if any, in value of long term investments is provided if such decline is other than temporary.

8. a) Revenue Recognition:

Revenue is recognised to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods are transferred to the customer and is stated net of trade discounts, excise duty and sales return.

i. Gross turnover includes excise duty but exclude sales tax.

ii. Dividend income is accounted for in the year it is declared.

iii. All other incomes are accounted for on accrual basis.

iv. The excise duty on sale of finished goods is deducted from the turnover to arrive at the net sales as shown in the statement of profit and loss.

v. Inter segmental transfer price is not recognised.

b) Expenditure Recognition:

i. The cane price is written off on the basis of determination of statutory price and agreed price over and above statutory price.

ii. The excise duty appearing in the statement of profit and loss as an expenditure represents excise duty provision for difference between opening and closing stock of finished goods.

iii. Interest charges which have been converted as Funded Interest Term Loan as per CDR scheme are recognised as expenditure in the period in which such loan instalments become due.

9. Foreign currency transactions:

Recognition of foreign exchange fluctuation is based on the maturity of obligations.

10. Retirement Benefits:

Contribution payable by the Company under defined contribution schemes towards Provident fund, Gratuity, Employees State Insurance and Superannuation fund for the year are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss .

The Company has opted for Life Insurance Corporation of India Group Gratuity Scheme. For calculating gratuity liability, the premium ascertained by LIC has been taken into account.

Provision for liability in respect of Leave encashment benefits are made based on actuarial valuation made by an Independent Actuary as at 31.03.2012.

11. Segment Reporting:

The segment reporting is in line with the accounting policies of the Company. Inter segment transactions have been accounted for based on the price which has been arrived at considering cost for utilities and net realizable value for by-products. Revenue and expenses that are directly identifiable with or allocable to segments are considered for determining the segment results. Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable with the respective segments. Business segments are identified on the basis of the nature of products, the risk/return profile of the individual business, the organizational structure and the internal reporting system of the company.

12. Deferred Tax:

Deferred tax is recognized on timing difference between accounting income and the taxable income for the period and reversal of timing differences of earlier periods and quantified using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted / substantively enacted as at the balance sheet date. The deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that these would be realized in future.

13. Earnings per share:

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

14. Impairment ofAssets:

Impairment, if any, is recognized in accordance with the Accounting Standard 28.

15. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provision is recognized only when there is a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the notes. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.

16. Leases:

The Company's significant leasing arrangements are operating leases and are cancelable in nature. The lease rentals paid or received under such arrangements are accounted in the statement of profit and loss.

---

Mar 31, 2011

1. Basis of Preparation:

The accompanying Financial Statements have been prepared on a going concern basis under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis of accounting in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India ("India GAAP").

2. Valuation of Inventories:

Inventories of raw materials, work-in-progress, stores, finished products and stock-in-trade are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is ascertained on seasonal weighted average for sugar and yearly average for stores and soya products. Soya Bean, Stock-in-trade of fertilizer and newsprint cost ascertained on FIFO basis. By-products are valued at Net realizable value. Standing crops are valued at net realizable value.

3. Fixed Assets:

a) Fixed Assets are shown at cost/re-valued figures, less accumulated depreciation. Fixed assets added during the year are valued at cost net of CENVAT but includes all direct expenses like freight, erection charges, preoperative expenses and borrowing costs.

b) Expenditure including borrowing cost incurred on projects under implementation is shown under "Work-in- Progress" pending allocation to the assets.

4. Intangible Assets:

The payments made towards goodwill to cane ryots and to employees as per wage board settlement during the year 2004-05 are amortized over a period of 10 years in accordance with AS-26.

5. Borrowing Costs:

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets.

6. Depreciation:

Depreciation is provided under Straight Line Method at the rates as per notes prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 on revalued/original cost of assets, as the case may be. The additional depreciation relating to increased value of revalued assets is adjusted against Revaluation Reserve.

7. Long term Investments are accounted at Cost. The diminution, if any, in value of long term investments is provided if such decline is other than temporary.

8. Miscellaneous Expenditure:

Research & Development expenses, Technical know-how, Crop development Expenses, soya product launching expenses are written off over a period of ten years. Voluntary Retirement Scheme payments upto 31.03.2009 are written off over a period of five years. Loan processing fee, syndication fee and ancillary cost incurred upto 31st December 2008 are written off over the repayment period of respective loans.

9. a) Revenue Recognition:

Revenue is recognised to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods are transferred to the customer and is stated net of trade discounts, excise duty and sales return.

i. Gross turnover includes excise duty but exclude sales tax.

ii. Dividend income is accounted for in the year it is declared.

iii. All other incomes are accounted for on accrual basis.

iv. The Excise duty on sale of finished goods is deducted from the turnover to arrive at the net sales as shown in the Profit and loss account.

v. Intersegmental transfer price is not recognised.

b) Expenditure Recognition:

i. The Cane price is written off on the basis of determination of statutory price and agreed price over and above statutory price.

ii. The Excise duty appearing in the Profit and loss account under Expenditure represents excise duty provision for difference between opening and closing stock of finished goods.

10. Foreign currency transactions:

Foreign currency transactions are accounted at the exchange rate ruling on the date of the transactions. Foreign currency monetary items as at the date of Balance sheet are restated using the closing exchange rate or at the rate that is likely to be realized from/required to disburse.

11. Retirement Benefits:

Contribution payable by the Company under defined contribution schemes towards Provident fund, Gratuity, Employees State Insurance and Superannuation fund for the year are charged to profit and loss account.

The Company has opted for Life Insurance Corporation of India Group Gratuity Scheme. The gratuity liability ascertained by LIC has been taken into account.

Provision for liability in respect of Leave encashment benefits are made based on actuarial valuation made by an independent actuary as at 31.03.2011.

12. The segment reporting is in line with the accounting policies of the company. Inter segment transactions have been accounted for based on the price which has been arrived at considering cost for utilities and net realizable value for by-products. Revenue and expenses that are directly identifiable with or allocable to segments are considered for determining the segment results. Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable with the respective segments. Business segments are identified on the basis of the nature of products, the risk/return profile of the individual business, the organizational structure and the internal reporting system of the company.

13. Deferred tax is recognized on timing difference between accounting income and the taxable income for the period and reversal of timing differences of earlier periods and quantified using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted / substantively enacted as at the balance sheet date. The deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that these would be realized in future.

14. Earning per share:

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

15. Impairment of Assets:

Impairment, if any, is recognized in accordance with the Accounting Standard 28.

16. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provision is recognized only when there is a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the notes. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.

---

Dec 31, 2009

1. Basis of Preparation:

The accompanying Financial Statements have been prepared on a going concern basis under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis of accounting in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India ("India GAAP").

2. Valuation of Inventories:

Inventories of raw materials, work-in-progress, stores, finished products and stock-in-trade are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is ascertained on seasonal weighted average for sugar and yearly average for stores and soya products. Soya Bean, Stock-in-trade of fertilizer and newsprint cost ascertained on FIFO basis. By-products are valued at Net realizable value. Standing crops are valued at net realizable value.

3. Fixed Assets:

a) Fixed Assets are shown at cost/re-valued figures, less accumulated depreciation. Fixed assets added during the year are valued at cost net of CENVAT but includes all direct expenses like freight, erection charges, pre-operative expenses and borrowing costs.

b) Expenditure including borrowing cost incurred on projects under implementation is shown under "Work-in- Progress" pending allocation to the assets.

4. IntangibleAssets:

The payments made towards goodwill to cane ryots in excess of statutory obligations and to employees as per wage board settlement, is amortized over a period of 10 years in accordance with AS-26.

5. Borrowing Costs:

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets.

6. Depreciation:

Depreciation is provided under Straight Line Method at the rates / notes prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, on revalued/original cost of assets as the case may be. The additional depreciation relating to increased value of revalued assets is adjusted against Revaluation Reserve.

7. Long term Investments are accounted at Cost. The diminution, if any, in value of long term investments is provided if such decline is other than temporary.

8. Miscellaneous Expenditure:

Research & Development expenses, technical know-how, crop development expenses, soya product launching expenses are written off over a period of ten years. Voluntary Retirement Scheme payments are written off over a period of five years. Loan processing fee, syndication fee and ancillary cost incurred upto 31st December 2008 are written off over the repayment period of respective loans.

9. a) Revenue Recognition:

Revenue is recognised to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods are transferred to the customer and is stated net of trade discounts, excise duty and sales return.

i. Gross turnover includes excise duty but excludes sales tax.

ii. Dividend income is accounted for in the year it is declared.

iii. All other incomes are accounted for on accrual basis.

iv. The excise duty on sale of finished goods is deducted from the turnover to arrive at the net sales as shown in the profit and loss account.

v. Intersegmental transfer price is not recognised.

b) Expenditure Recognition:

i. The cane price is written off on the basis of determination of statutory price and agreed price over and above statutory price.

ii. Interest charges which have been converted as Funded Interest Term Loan as per CDR are recognised as expenditure in the period in which such loan instalments become due.

iii. The excise duty appearing in the profit and loss account as an expenditure represents excise duty provision for difference between opening and closing stock of finished goods.

10. Foreign currency transactions:

Foreign currency transactions are accounted at the exchange rate ruling on the date of the transactions. Foreign currency monetary items as at the date of balance sheet are restated using the closing exchange rate or at the rate that is likely to be realized from/required to disburse.

11. Retirement Benefits:

Contribution payable by the Company under defined contribution schemes towards provident fund, gratuity, employees state insurance and superannuation fund for the year are charged to profit and loss account.

The Company has opted for Life Insurance Corporation of India Group Gratuity Scheme. For calculating gratuity liability, the premium ascertained by LIC has been taken into account.

Provision for liability in respect of leave encashment benefits are made based on actuarial valuation made by an independent actuary as at 31.12.2009.

12. The segment reporting is in line with the accounting policies of the Company. Inter segment transactions have been accounted for based on the price which has been arrived at considering cost for utilities and net realizable value for by-products. Revenue and expenses that are directly identifiable with or allocable to segments are considered for determining the segment results. Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable with the respective segments. Business segments are identified on the basis of the nature of products, the risk/return profile of the individual business, the organizational structure and the internal reporting system of the Company.

13. Deferred tax is recognized on timing difference between accounting income and the taxable income for the period and reversal of timing differences of earlier periods and quantified using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted / substantively enacted as at the balance sheet date. The deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that these would be realized in future.

14. Earning per share:

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

15. Impairment of Assets:

Impairment, if any, is recognized in accordance with the Accounting Standard 28.

16. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:

Provision is recognized only when there is a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the notes. Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.