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Accounting Policies of Axis Bank Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2023

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES TO THE STANDALONE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For the year ended 31 March, 2023

1. Background

Axis Bank Limited (''the Bank'') was incorporated in 1993 and provides a complete suite of banking and financial services including retail banking, wholesale banking and treasury operations. The Bank is primarily governed by the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. As on 31 March 2023, the Bank has overseas branches at Singapore, DIFC - Dubai and an Offshore Banking Unit at the International Financial Service Centre (IFSC), Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City), Gandhinagar, India.

Effective 1 March 2023, the Bank completed the acquisition of Citibank''s India Consumer Business from Citibank N.A. (acting through its branch in India) (''CBNA'') and the NBFC Consumer Business from Citicorp Finance (India) Limited (''CFIL'') as going concerns without assigning values to individual assets and liabilities post receipt of statutory and other approvals and completion of all other conditions as stipulated under the respective Business Transfer Agreements (BTAs).

2. Basis of preparation

The standalone financial statements (''financial statements'') have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India, unless otherwise stated by the Reserve Bank of India (''RBI''), to comply with the statutory requirements prescribed under the Third Schedule of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, the circulars, notifications, guidelines and directives issued by the RBI from time to time and the Accounting Standards notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read together with the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2021 to the extent applicable and practices generally prevalent in the banking industry in India. Accounting policies applied have been consistent with the previous year except otherwise stated.

3. Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) at the date of the financial statements, revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Management believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Any revisions, as and when carried out, to the accounting estimates are recognised prospectively in the current and future periods.

4. Significant accounting policies

4.1 Investments

Classification

In accordance with the RBI guidelines, investments are classified at the time of purchase as:

• Held for Trading (''HFT'');

• Available for Sale (''AFS''); and

• Held to Maturity (''HTM'').

Investments that are held principally for sale within a short period are classified as HFT securities. As per the RBI guidelines, HFT securities, which remain unsold for a period of 90 days are transferred to AFS securities.

Investments that the Bank intends to hold till maturity are classified under the HTM category. Investments in the equity of subsidiaries/joint ventures and investments under TLTRO guidelines are categorised as HTM in accordance with the RBI guidelines.

All other investments are classified as AFS securities.

For disclosure in the Balance Sheet, investments in India are classified under six categories - Government Securities, Other Approved Securities, Shares, Debentures and Bonds, Investment in Subsidiaries/Joint Ventures and Others. Investments made outside India are classified under three categories - Government Securities, Subsidiaries and/or Joint Ventures abroad and Others.

All investments are accounted for on settlement date, except investments in equity shares which are accounted for on trade date.

Transfer of security between categories

Transfer of security between categories of investments is accounted for as per the RBI guidelines.

Acquisition cost

Costs incurred at the time of acquisition, pertaining to investments, such as brokerage, commission etc. are charged to the Profit and Loss Account.

Broken period interest is charged to the Profit and Loss Account.

Cost of investments is computed based on the weighted average cost method.

Valuation

Investments classified under the HTM category: Investments are carried at acquisition cost unless it is more than the face value, in which case the premium is amortised over the period remaining to maturity on a constant yield to maturity basis. Such amortization of premium is adjusted against interest income under the head ''Income from Investments'' under Schedule 13 in Profit and Loss Account. As per the RBI guidelines, discount on securities held under HTM category is not accrued and such securities are held at the acquisition cost till maturity.

Investments in subsidiaries/joint ventures are categorised as HTM and assessed for impairment to determine permanent diminution, if any, in accordance with the RBI guidelines and suitable provisions are made.

Investments classified under the AFS and HFT categories: Investments under these categories are marked to market. The market/fair value of quoted investments included in the AFS and HFT categories is the market price of the scrip as available from the trades/quotes on the stock exchanges or prices declared by the Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association of India (''FIMMDA'')/Financial Benchmark India Private Limited (''FBIL''), periodically. Net depreciation, if any, within each category of each investment classification is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. The net appreciation, if any, under each category of each investment classification is ignored. Net depreciation on each type of investments falling under the residual category of ''Others'' (i.e. mutual funds, Pass Through Certificates (PTCs), security receipts etc.) is not offset against gain in another class of investment falling within the ''Others'' category. Further, in case of standard investments classified as weak (including certain internally unrated investments) as per the Bank''s internal framework, the Bank recognizes net depreciation without availing the benefit of set-off against appreciation within the same class of investments as permitted under the extant RBI circular. The depreciation on securities acquired by way of conversion of outstanding loans is provided in accordance with the RBI guidelines. Provision for depreciation on investments is classified under Schedule-14 ''Other Income''. The book value of individual securities is not changed consequent to the periodic valuation of investments.

Non-performing investments are identified and provision is made thereon as per the RBI guidelines. Provision for depreciation on such non-performing investments is not set off against the appreciation in respect of other performing securities as per RBI guidelines. Interest on non-performing investments is not recognized in the Profit and Loss Account until received.

Treasury Bills, Exchange Funded Bills, Commercial Paper and Certificate of Deposits being discounted instruments, are valued at carrying cost which includes discount accreted over the period to maturity.

Units of mutual funds are valued at the latest repurchase price/Net Asset Value (''NAV'') declared by the mutual fund.

Market value of investments where current quotations are not available, is determined in accordance with the norms prescribed by the RBI as under:

• The market/fair value of unquoted government securities which are in the nature of Statutory Liquidity Ratio (''SLR'') securities forming part of AFS and HFT categories is computed as per the rates published by FIMMDA/FBIL.

• In case of special bonds issued by the Government of India that do not qualify for SLR purposes, unquoted bonds, debentures and preference shares where interest/dividend is received regularly (i.e. not overdue beyond 90 days), the market price is derived based on the Yield to maturity (''YTM'') for Government Securities as published by FIMMDA/FBIL and suitably marked up for credit risk applicable to the credit rating of the instrument. The matrix for credit risk mark-up for each category and credit ratings along with residual maturity issued by FIMMDA/FBIL is adopted for this purpose.

• In case of bonds & debentures where interest is not received regularly (i.e. overdue beyond 90 days), the valuation is in accordance with prudential norms for provisioning as prescribed by the RBI.

• PTC and Priority Sector PTCs are valued as per extant FIMMDA guidelines.

• Equity shares, for which current quotations are not available or where the shares are not quoted on the stock exchanges, are valued at break-up value (without considering revaluation reserves, if any) which is ascertained from the company''s latest Balance Sheet (not older than 18 months). In case the latest Balance Sheet is not available, the shares are valued at ''1 per company.

• Investments in listed instruments of Real Estate Investment Trust (''REIT'')/Infrastructure Investment Trust (''INVIT'') are valued at the closing price on the recognised stock exchange with the highest volumes. In case the instruments are not traded on any stock exchange, valuation is carried out based on the latest NAV (not older than 1 year) submitted by the trust.

• Units of Venture Capital Funds (''VCF'') held under AFS category where current quotations are not available are valued based on the latest audited financial statements of the fund. In case the audited financials are not available for a period beyond 18 months, the investments are valued at ''1 per VCF. Investment in unquoted VCF may be categorized under HTM category for the initial period of three years and are valued at cost as per the RBI guidelines.

• Investments in Security Receipts (''SRs'') are valued as per the NAV declared by the issuing Asset Reconstruction Company (''ARC'') or net book value of loans transferred or estimated recoverable value based on Bank''s internal assessment on case to case basis, whichever is lower. In case of investments in SRs which are backed by more than 10 percent of the stressed assets sold by the Bank, the valuation of such SRs is additionally subject to a floor of face value of the SRs reduced by the provisioning rate as per the extant asset classification and provisioning norms as applicable to the underlying loans, assuming that the loan notionally continued in the books of the Bank.

Disposal of investments

Investments classified under the HTM category: Realised gains are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account and subsequently appropriated to Capital Reserve Account (net of taxes and transfer to statutory reserves) in accordance with the RBI guidelines. Losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Investments classified under the AFS and HFT categories: Realised gains/losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. Short Sales

In accordance with the RBI guidelines, the Bank undertakes short sale transactions in Central Government dated securities. Such short positions are categorised under HFT category and netted off from investments in the Balance Sheet. These positions are marked-to-market along with the other securities under HFT portfolio and the resultant Mark-to-Market (''MTM'') gains/losses are accounted for as per the relevant RBI guidelines for valuation of investments discussed earlier.

4.2 Repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions Repurchase transactions (‘Repos'')

Repurchase transactions in Government securities and corporate debt securities including those conducted under the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (''LAF'') and Marginal Standby Facility (''MSF'') with RBI are accounted for as collateralised borrowings. Accordingly, securities given as collateral under an agreement to repurchase them, continue to be held under the investment account and the Bank continues to accrue the coupon on the security during the repo period. Borrowing cost on such repo transactions is accounted as interest expense in "Schedule 15 - Interest Expended" in the Profit and Loss Account.

Reverse repurchase transactions (‘Reverse repos'')

Reverse repurchase transactions with RBI with original maturity upto 14 days from the date of issuance, including those conducted under the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (''LAF'') and Standing Deposit Facility (''SDF''), are accounted for as collateralised lending under "Schedule 6 - Balances with RBI - in Other Accounts". Revenue on such reverse repos is accounted for as interest income under "Schedule 13 - Interest Earned - Interest on balances with Reserve Bank of India and Other Inter-bank Funds" in the Profit and Loss Account.

Reverse repos with original maturity of more than 14 days from the date of issuance are accounted for as collateralised lending under "Schedule 9 - Advances". Revenue on such reverse repos is accounted for as interest income under "Schedule 13 - Interest Earned - Interest/discount on advances/bills" in the Profit and Loss account.

4.3 Advances

Classification and measurement of advances

Advances are classified into performing and non-performing advances (''NPAs'') as per the RBI guidelines and are stated net of bills rediscounted, inter-bank participation certificates, specific provisions made towards NPAs, interest in suspense for NPAs, claims received from Export Credit Guarantee Corporation, provisions for funded interest on term loan classified as NPAs and floating provisions. Structured collateralised foreign currency loans extended to customers and deposits received from the same customer are reported on a net basis.

The Bank transfers advances through inter-bank participation with and without risk. In accordance with the RBI guidelines, in the case of participation with risk, the aggregate amount of the participation issued by the Bank is reduced from advances and where the Bank is participating, the aggregate amount of the participation is classified under advances. In the case of participation without risk, the aggregate amount of participation issued by the Bank is classified under borrowings and where the Bank is participating, the aggregate amount of participation is shown as due from banks under advances.

Non-performing advances and provision on non-performing advances

NPAs are classified into sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets based on the criteria stipulated by the RBI. Advances held at the overseas branches that are identified as impaired as per host country regulations for reasons other than record of recovery, but which are standard as per the RBI guidelines, are classified as NPAs to the extent of amount outstanding in the host country. NPAs are upgraded to standard as per the extant RBI guidelines.

Provisions for NPAs are made for sub-standard and doubtful assets at rates as prescribed by the RBI with the exception of schematic retail advances, agriculture advances and advances to Commercial Banking segment. In respect of schematic retail advances, provisions are made in terms of a bucket-wise policy upon reaching specified stages of delinquency (90 days or more of delinquency) under each type of loan, which satisfies the RBI prudential norms on provisioning. Provisions in respect of commercial banking group advances and agriculture advances classified into sub-standard and doubtful assets are made at rates which are higher than those prescribed by the RBI.

Provisions for advances booked in overseas branches, which are standard as per the RBI guidelines but are identified as impaired as per host country regulations for reasons other than record of recovery, are made as per the host country regulations.

In case of NPAs referred to the National Company Law Tribunal (''NCLT'') under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (''IBC'') where resolution plan or liquidation order has been approved by NCLT, provision is maintained at higher of the requirement under the RBI guidelines or the likely haircut as per resolution plan or liquidation order.

Provision on restructured assets

Restructured assets are classified and provided for in accordance with the guidelines issued by the RBI from time to time. In respect of advances where resolution plan has been implemented under the RBI guidelines on "Resolution Framework for COVID 19-related Stress" and "Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) Sector - Restructuring of Advances", provisions are maintained as per the internal framework of the Bank at rates which are higher than those specified under the extant RBI circulars. Restructured loans are upgraded to standard as per the extant RBI guidelines.

Provisions held on restructured assets are reported in Schedule 5 - Other Liabilities and Provisions in the Balance Sheet. Write-offs and recoveries from written-off accounts Write-offs are carried out in accordance with the Bank''s policy.

Amounts recovered against debts written off are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account as a credit to Provision and Contingencies.

Appropriation of funds for standard advances

In case of Equated Monthly Instalment (EMI) based standard retail advances, funds received from customers are appropriated in the order of principal, interest, penal interest and charges. In case of other standard advances, funds received from customers are appropriated in the order of charges, penal interest, interest and principal.

In case of portfolio of advances acquired from CBNA and CFIL which continue to be serviced through their respective source systems, funds received from customers in respect of accounts which are less than 90 days past due are appropriated in the order of charges, interest and principal. This appropriation logic will be aligned to the Bank''s policy upon completion of migration of customer accounts to the Bank''s respective source systems.

Other provisions on advances

The Bank recognises additional provisions as per the RBI''s guidelines on accounts in default and with aggregate exposure above the threshold limits as laid down in the said framework where the resolution plan is not implemented within the specified timelines.

I n respect of borrowers classified as non-cooperative or wilful defaulters, the Bank makes accelerated provisions as per the extant RBI guidelines.

In the case of one-time settlements with borrowers that are entered into but not closed as on the reporting date, the Bank makes provisions which is the higher of (i) the provision required based on asset classification; and (ii) the amount of contracted sacrifice, on a portfolio basis.

Loans reported as fraud are classified as loss assets, and fully provided for immediately without considering the value of security.

The Bank makes incremental provisioning (determined based on a time scale and on occurrence of predefined events) on all outstanding advances and investments relating to borrowers tagged as Red flagged accounts (''RFA'').

For entities with Unhedged Foreign Currency Exposure (''UFCE''), provision is made in accordance with the guidelines issued by the RBI, which requires ascertaining the amount of UFCE, estimating the extent of likely loss and estimating the riskiness of the unhedged position. This provision is classified under Schedule 5 - Other Liabilities and Provisions in the Balance Sheet. Further, incremental capital is maintained in respect of such borrower counter parties in the highest risk category, in line with stipulations by the RBI.

The Bank maintains provisions for incremental exposure of the banking system to specified borrowers beyond the Normally Permitted Lending Limit (''NPLL'') in proportion to Bank''s funded exposure to the specified borrowers as per the RBI guidelines. This provision is classified under Schedule 5 - ''Other Liabilities and Provisions'' in the Balance Sheet.

The Bank maintains a general provision on standard advances at the rates prescribed by the RBI. The general provision on corporate standard advances internally rated ''BB and Below'' or ''Unrated'' and all Special Mention Accounts-2 (''SMA-2'') advances as reported to Central Repository of Information on Large Credits (''CRILC''), is maintained at rates that are higher than those prescribed by RBI. In case of overseas branches, general provision on standard advances is maintained at the higher of the levels stipulated by the respective overseas regulator or by the extant RBI guidelines. The Bank also maintains general provision on positive MTM on derivative transactions at the rates prescribed under the extant RBI guidelines.

The Bank maintains provision on non-funded outstanding in relation to NPAs, prudentially written off accounts, corporate standard advances internally rated ''BB and Below'' or ''Unrated'' and all SMA-2 advances as reported to CRILC. This provision is classified under Schedule 5 - ''Other Liabilities and Provisions'' in the Balance Sheet.

Under its home loan portfolio, the Bank offers housing loans with certain features involving waiver of EMIs for a specific period subject to fulfilment of certain conditions by the borrower. The Bank makes provision against the probable loss that could be incurred in future on account of these waivers to eligible borrowers based on actuarial valuation conducted by an independent actuary. This provision is classified under Schedule 5 - ''Other Liabilities and Provisions'' in the Balance Sheet.

As on 31 March, 2023, the Bank continues to hold provisions against the potential impact of COVID-19 (other than provisions held for restructuring under COVID-19 norms).

4.4 Country risk

In addition to the provisions required to be held according to the asset classification status, provisions are held for individual country exposure (other than for home country) as per the RBI guidelines. Such provisions are held only in respect of those countries where the net funded exposure of the Bank exceeds 1% of its total assets. For this purpose the countries are categorized into seven risk categories namely insignificant, low, moderate, high, very high, restricted and off-credit as per internal parameters in accordance with RBI guidelines. Provision is made on exposures exceeding 180 days on a graded scale ranging from 0.25% to 100%. For exposures with contractual maturity of less than 180 days, 25% of the normal provision requirement is held. If the net funded exposure of the Bank in respect of each country does not exceed 1% of the total assets, no provision is maintained on such country exposure in accordance with RBI guidelines. This provision is classified under Schedule 5 - Other Liabilities and Provisions in the Balance Sheet.

4.5 Securitisation and transfer of assets

Securitisation of Standard Assets

The Bank enters into purchase/sale of corporate and retail loans through direct assignment/Special Purpose Vehicle (''SPV''). In most cases, post securitisation, the Bank continues to service the loans transferred to the assignee/SPV. The Bank also provides credit enhancement in the form of cash collaterals and/or by subordination of cash flows to Senior Pass Through Certificate holders. In respect of credit enhancements provided or recourse obligations (projected delinquencies, future servicing etc.) accepted by the Bank, appropriate provision/disclosure is made at the time of sale in accordance with AS-29, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read together with the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2021. In accordance with RBI guidelines on Securitisation of Standard Assets, any loss, profit or premium realised at the time of the sale is accounted for in the Profit and Loss Account for the accounting period during which the sale is completed. However, in case of unrealised gains arising out of sale of underlying assets to the SPV, the profit is recognised in Profit and Loss Account only when such unrealised gains associated with such income is redeemed in cash.

Transfer of Loan Exposures

In accordance with RBI guidelines on Transfer of Loan exposures, any profit or loss arising because of transfer of loans, which is realised, is accounted for and reflected in the Profit and Loss Account for the accounting period during which the transfer is completed. Loans acquired are carried at acquisition cost unless it is more than the outstanding principal at the time of the transfer, in which case the premium paid is amortised based on a straight line method.

4.6 Priority Sector Lending Certificates

The Bank enters into transactions for the sale or purchase of Priority Sector Lending Certificates (''PSLCs''). In the case of a sale transaction, the Bank sells the fulfilment of priority sector obligation and in the case of a purchase transaction the Bank buys the fulfilment of priority sector obligation through the RBI trading platform. There is no transfer of loan assets in PSLC transactions.

4.7 Translation of Foreign Currency items

In respect of domestic operations, transactions denominated in foreign currencies are accounted for at the rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated at the Balance Sheet date at rates notified by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (''FEDAI''). All profits/losses resulting from year end revaluations are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Financial statements of foreign branches classified as non-integral foreign operations as per the RBI guidelines are translated as follows:

• Assets and liabilities (both monetary and non-monetary as well as contingent liabilities) are translated at closing exchange rates notified by FEDAI at the Balance Sheet date.

• Income and expenses are translated at the rates prevailing on the date of the transactions.

• All resulting exchange differences are accumulated in a separate ''Foreign Currency Translation Reserve'' (FCTR) till the disposal of the net investments. Any realised gains or losses on such disposal are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account except for those that relate to repatriation of accumulated profits which are reclassified from FCTR to ''Balance in Profit and Loss Account'' under Schedule 2 - Reserves and Surplus in the Balance Sheet.

Contingent liabilities on account of forward exchange and derivative contracts, guarantees, acceptances, endorsements and other obligations denominated in foreign currencies are disclosed at closing rates of exchange notified by FEDAI.

4.8 Foreign exchange and derivative contracts

Derivative transactions comprise of forward contracts, swaps and options which are disclosed as contingent liabilities. The forwards, swaps and options are categorised as trading or hedge transactions. Trading derivative contracts are revalued at the Balance Sheet date with the resulting unrealised gain or loss being recognised in the Profit and Loss Account and correspondingly in other assets (representing positive MTM) and in other liabilities (representing negative MTM ) on a gross basis. For hedge transactions, the Bank identifies the hedged item (asset or liability) at the inception of transaction itself. The effectiveness is ascertained at the time of inception of the hedge and periodically thereafter. Hedge swaps are accounted for on accrual basis except in case of swaps designated with an asset or liability that is carried at market value or lower of cost or market value in the financial statements. In such cases the swaps are marked-to-market with the resulting gain or loss recorded as an adjustment to the market value of the designated asset or liability. Hedge transactions that are entered after 26 June, 2019 through rupee interest rate derivatives are accounted for as per the guidance note issued by ICAI on Accounting for Derivative Contracts. Pursuant to the RBI guidelines, any receivables under derivative contracts comprising of crystallised receivables as well as positive MTM in respect of future receivables which remain overdue for more than 90 days are reversed through the Profit and Loss account and are held in a separate suspense account under Schedule 5 - ''Other Liabilities and Provisions''.

Premium on options is recognized as income/expense on expiry or early termination of the transaction.

Currency futures contracts are marked-to-market using daily settlement price on a trading day, which is the closing price of the respective futures contracts on that day. While the daily settlement price is computed based on the last half an hour weighted average price of such contracts, the final settlement price is taken as the RBI reference rate on the last trading day of the futures contracts or as may be specified by the relevant authority from time to time. All open positions are marked-to-market based on the settlement price and the resultant MTM profit/loss is daily settled with the exchange.

Valuation of Exchange Traded Currency Options (''ETCO'') is carried out on the basis of the daily settlement price of each individual option provided by the exchange and valuation of Interest Rate Futures (''IRF'') is carried out on the basis of the daily settlement price of each contract provided by the exchange.

Outstanding forward exchange contracts including tom/spot contracts (excluding currency swaps undertaken to hedge foreign currency assets/liabilities and funding swaps which are not revalued) are revalued at year end on Present Value basis by discounting the forward value till spot date using Alternative Reference Rate (''ARR'') curve and converting the foreign currency amount using the respective spot rates as notified by FEDAI/FBIL. The resulting gains or losses on revaluation are included in the Profit and Loss Account in accordance with RBI/FEDAI guidelines.

Premium/discount on currency swaps undertaken to hedge foreign currency assets and liabilities and funding swaps is recognised as interest income/expense and is amortised on a pro-rata basis over the underlying swap period.

4.9 Revenue recognition

Interest income is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with AS-9, Revenue Recognition as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read together with the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2021 and the RBI guidelines, except in the case of interest income on non-performing assets where it is recognised on receipt basis as per the income recognition and asset classification norms of RBI. Income on non-coupon bearing discounted instruments or low-coupon bearing instruments is recognised over the tenor of the instrument on a constant yield basis.

Commission on guarantees and Letters of Credit (''LC'') is recognized on a pro-rata basis over the period of the guarantee/LC. Locker rent is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period of contract. Annual fee for credit cards and debit cards is recognised on a straight-line basis over the period of service. Arrangership/syndication fee is accounted for on completion of the agreed service and when the right to receive is established. Other fees and commission income are recognised when due, where the Bank is reasonably certain of ultimate collection.

Interest income on investments in discounted PTCs is recognized on a constant yield basis.

Dividend income is accounted on an accrual basis when the right to receive the dividend is established.

Gain/loss on sell down of loans and advances through direct assignment is recognised at the time of sale.

Fees paid for purchase of PSLCs are amortised on straight-line basis over the tenor of the certificate as ''Other Expenditure'' under Schedule 16 of the Profit and Loss Account. Fees received on sale of PSLCs are amortised on straight-line basis over the tenor of the certificate as ''Miscellaneous Income'' under Schedule 14 of the Profit and Loss Account.

In accordance with RBI guidelines on sale of non-performing advances, if the sale is at a price below the net book value (i.e. book value less provisions held), the shortfall is charged to the Profit and Loss Account. If the sale is for a value higher than the net book value, the excess provision is credited to the Profit and Loss Account in the year the amounts are received.

The Bank deals in bullion business on a consignment basis. The difference between the price recovered from customers and cost of bullion is accounted for at the time of sale to the customers. The Bank also deals in bullion on a borrowing and lending basis and the interest paid/received is accounted for on an accrual basis.

4.10 Fixed assets and depreciation/impairment

Fixed assets are carried at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Cost includes initial handling and delivery charges, duties, taxes and incidental expenses related to the acquisition and installation of the asset. Subsequent expenditure incurred on assets put to use is capitalised only when it increases the future economic benefit / functioning capability from / of such assets.

Capital work-in-progress includes cost of fixed assets that are not ready for their intended use and also includes advances paid to acquire fixed assets.

Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful life of a fixed asset on straight-line method from the date of addition. The Management believes that depreciation rates currently used, fairly reflect its estimate of the useful lives and residual values of fixed assets based on the historical experience of the Bank, though these rates in certain cases are different from those prescribed under Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013. Whenever there is a revision of the estimated useful life of an asset, the unamortised depreciable amount is charged over the revised remaining useful life of the said asset.

Asset

Estimated useful life

Leased Land

As per the term of the agreement

Owned premises

60 years

Locker cabinets/cash safe/strong room door

10 years

Interior

9 years

EPABX, telephone instruments

8 years

Modem, scanner, routers, hubs, switches, racks/cabinets for IT equipment

5 years

Asset

Estimated useful life

UPS, VSAT, fax machines

5 years

Cheque book/cheque encoder, currency counting machine, fake note detector

5 years

Application software

5 years

Electronic Data Capture (EDC)/ Point of Sale (POS) machines

5 years

Vehicles

4 years

Computer hardware including printers

3 years

CCTV and video conferencing equipment

3 years

Assets at staff residence

3 years

All other fixed assets

10 years

Assets costing less than ''5,000 individually are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.

Depreciation on assets sold during the year is recognised on a pro-rata basis in the Profit and Loss Account till the date of sale.

Gain or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of fixed assets are determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of assets and are recognised as income or expense in the Profit and Loss Account. Further, profit on sale of premises is appropriated to the Capital Reserve Account (net of taxes and transfer to Statutory Reserve) in accordance with RBI instructions.

The Bank has accounted for the Intangibles and Goodwill, acquired and arising from the acquisition of Citi India Consumer Business as per the generally accepted accounting principles and Accounting Standard 26 on Intangible Assets which permits amortization over the best estimate of useful life. During the year, Bank has fully amortized through the Profit and Loss Account, Intangibles and Goodwill resulting from the acquisition of the Citibank India Consumer Business. The Bank continues to have access and business use for the Intangible assets.

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to ascertain if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognised wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

4.11 Non-banking assets

Non-banking assets (''NBAs'') acquired in satisfaction of claims include land. In the case of land, the Bank creates provision and follows the accounting treatment as per specific RBI directions.

4.12 Lease Transactions

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership over the lease term are classified as operating lease. Lease payments for assets taken on operating lease are recognised as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease income from assets given on operating lease is recognized as income in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight line basis over the lease term.

4.13 Employee Benefits

• Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits comprise salaries and other compensations payable for services which the employee has rendered during the period. These are recognized at the undiscounted amount in the Profit and Loss Account.

• Provident Fund

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined benefit plan wherein the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the fund are due and when services are rendered by the employees. Further, an actuarial valuation is conducted by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year to determine the deficiency, if any, in the interest payable on the contributions as compared to the interest liability as per the statutory rate and the shortfall, if any, due to fluctuations in price or impairment, in the aggregate asset values of the Trust as compared to the market value. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately recognised in the Profit and Loss Account and are not deferred.

The Bank makes contribution as required by The Employees'' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 to the Employees'' Pension Scheme administered by the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner.

The overseas branches of the Bank and its eligible employees contribute a certain percentage of their salary towards respective government schemes as per local regulatory guidelines. The contribution made by the overseas branches is recognised in the Profit and Loss account as it is in the nature of defined contribution.

• Gratuity

The Bank contributes towards gratuity fund (defined benefit retirement plan) administered by various insurers for eligible employees. Under this scheme, the settlement obligations remain with the Bank, although the insurers administer the scheme and determine the contribution premium required to be paid by the Bank. The plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement or termination of employment based on the respective employee''s salary and the years of employment with the Bank. The liability with regard to the gratuity fund is recognised based on actuarial valuation conducted by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year based on certain assumptions regarding rate of interest, salary growth, mortality and staff attrition. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately recognized in the Profit and Loss Account and are not deferred.

In respect of employees at overseas branches (other than expatriates), the liability with regard to the gratuity is provided on the basis of a prescribed method as per local laws, wherever applicable.

• Superannuation

Employees of the Bank (other than those who moved to the Bank as part of the Citibank India Consumer Business acquisition) are entitled to receive retirement benefits under the Bank''s superannuation scheme either under a cashout option through salary or under a defined contribution plan. Through the defined contribution plan, the Bank contributes annually a sum of 10% of the employee''s eligible annual basic salary to Life Insurance corporation (LIC), which undertakes to pay the lump sum and annuity benefit payments pursuant to the scheme. Superannuation contributions are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the period in which they accrue.

Eligible employees who moved to the Bank as part of the Citibank India Consumer Business acquisition are entitled to receive a lumpsum corpus amount under a separate superannuation scheme with vesting criteria of 10 years as a defined contribution plan. Through the defined contribution plan, the Bank makes a defined contribution annually of a sum of 25% of such employee''s eligible annual basic salary to a Superannuation Trust, which undertakes to pay the lump sum payments pursuant to the scheme after the vesting period. Superannuation contributions are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the period in which they accrue.

• National Pension Scheme (‘NPS'')

In respect of employees who opt for contribution to the NPS, the Bank contributes certain percentage of the total basic salary of such employees to the aforesaid scheme, a defined contribution plan, which is managed and administered by pension fund management companies. NPS contributions are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the period in which they accrue.

• Resettlement Allowance

The Bank provides for resettlement allowance liability in the form of six months'' pay at the time of separation, for certain eligible employees who moved to the Bank as part of the Citibank India Consumer Business acquisition. Provision for this liability is based on an actuarial valuation conducted by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year based on certain assumptions regarding discount rate and salary escalation rate.

4.14 Reward points

The Bank runs a loyalty program which seeks to recognize and reward customers based on their relationship with the Bank. Under the program, eligible customers are granted loyalty points redeemable in future, subject to certain conditions. In addition, the Bank continues to grant reward points in respect of certain credit cards (not covered under the loyalty program). The Bank estimates the provision for such loyalty/reward points using an actuarial method at the Balance Sheet date through an independent actuary, which includes assumptions such as redemption rate, lapse rate, discount rate, value of reward points etc. Provision for the said reward points is then made based on the actuarial valuation report as furnished by the said independent actuary.

4.15 Taxation

Income tax expense is the aggregate amount of current tax and deferred tax charge. Current year taxes are determined in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and considering the material principles set out in the Income Computation and Disclosure Standards to the extent applicable. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off assets against liabilities representing current tax and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws.

Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. The impact of changes in the deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Deferred tax assets are recognised and reassessed at each reporting date, based upon the Management''s judgement as to whether realisation is considered as reasonably certain. Deferred tax assets are recognised on carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation and tax losses only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax asset can be realised against future profits.

4.16 Share issue expenses

Share issue expenses are adjusted from the Share Premium Account in terms of Section 52 of the Companies Act, 2013.

4.17 Corporate Social Responsibility

Expenditure towards Corporate Social Responsibility is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

4.18 Earnings per share

The Bank reports basic and diluted earnings per share in accordance with AS-20, Earnings per Share, as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read together with the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2021. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the year.

Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue equity shares were exercised or converted during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding at the year end except where the results are anti-dilutive.

4.19 Employee stock/unit option scheme

The 2001 Employee Stock Option Scheme (''the Scheme'') provides for grant of stock options on equity shares of the Bank to employees and Directors of the Bank and its subsidiaries. The Scheme is in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) (Employees Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 (''the Guidelines''). These Guidelines have since been repealed and substituted by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Share Based Employee Benefits and Sweat Equity) Regulations, 2021. The Scheme is in compliance with the said regulations. Options are granted at an exercise price, which is equal to the fair market price of the underlying equity shares at the date of the grant. The fair market price is the latest available closing price, prior to the date of grant, on the stock exchange on which the shares of the Bank are listed. If the shares are listed on more than one stock exchange, then the stock exchange where there is highest trading volume on the said date is considered.

Further, the 2022 Employees Stock Unit Scheme (''the ESU Scheme'') provides for grant of stock units convertible into equivalent number of fully paid-up equity share(s) of the Bank to eligible employees. The ESU Scheme is in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Share Based Employee Benefits and Sweat Equity) Regulations, 2021 and in compliance with the said regulations. The stock units are granted at an exercise price as determined by the Bank and specified at the time of grant which shall not be less than the face value of the equity shares of the Bank.

The Bank followed intrinsic value method to account for its stock based employee compensation plans for all the options granted till the accounting period ending 31 March, 2021.

As per RBI guidelines, for options/units granted after 31 March, 2021, the Bank follows the fair value method and recognizes the fair value of such options/units computed using the Black-Scholes model without reducing estimated forfeitures, as compensation expense over the vesting period. On exercise of the stock options/units, corresponding balance under Employee Stock Options/Units Outstanding is transferred to Share Premium. In respect of the options/units which expire unexercised, the balance standing to the credit of Employee Stock Options/Units Outstanding is transferred to the General Reserve. In respect of Employee Stock Options/Units which are granted to the employees of the subsidiaries, the Bank recovers the cost from the subsidiaries over the vesting period.

4.20 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

In accordance with AS-29 "Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets", provision is recognised when the Bank has a present obligation as a result of past event where it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

A disclosure of contingent liability is made when there is:

• a possible obligation arising from a past event, the existence of which will be confirmed by occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more uncertain future events not within the control of the Bank; or

• a present obligation arising from a past event which is not recognised as it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.

When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognised in the period in which the change occurs.

4.21 Accounting for dividend

As per AS-4 ''Contingencies and Events occurring after the Balance Sheet date'' as notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs through the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2021, the Bank does not account for proposed dividend as a liability through appropriation from the Profit and Loss Account. The same is recognised in the year of actual payout post approval of the shareholders. However, the Bank considers proposed dividend in determining capital funds in computing the capital adequacy ratio.

4.22 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, rupee digital currency, balances with RBI, balances with other banks and money at call and short notice.

4.23 Segment Reporting

The disclosure relating to segment information is made in accordance with AS-17: Segment Reporting and relevant guidelines issued by the RBI.


Mar 31, 2019

1 Significant accounting policies

1.1 Investments

Classification

In accordance with the RBI guidelines, investments are classified at the time of purchase as:

- Held for Trading (''HFT'');

- Available for Sale (''AFS''); and

- Held to Maturity (''HTM'')

Investments that are held principally for sale within a short period are classified as HFT securities. As per the RBI guidelines, HFT securities, which remain unsold for a period of 90 days are transferred to AFS securities.

Investments that the Bank intends to hold till maturity are classified under the HTM category. Investments in the equity of subsidiaries/joint ventures are categorised as HTM in accordance with the RBI guidelines.

All other investments are classified as AFS securities.

However, for disclosure in the Balance Sheet, investments in India are classified under six categories - Government Securities, Other approved securities, Shares, Debentures and Bonds, Investment in Subsidiaries/Joint Ventures and Others.

Investments made outside India are classified under three categories - Government Securities, Subsidiaries and/or Joint Ventures abroad and Others.

Transfer of security between categories

Transfer of security between categories of investments is accounted as per the RBI guidelines.

Acquisition cost

Costs including brokerage and commission pertaining to investments, paid at the time of acquisition, are charged to the Profit and Loss Account.

Broken period interest is charged to the Profit and Loss Account.

Cost of investments is computed based on the weighted average cost method.

Valuation

Investments classified under the HTM category: Investments are carried at acquisition cost unless it is more than the face value, in which case the premium is amortised over the period remaining to maturity on a constant yield to maturity basis. In terms of RBI guidelines, discount on securities held under HTM category is not accrued and such securities are held at the acquisition cost till maturity.

Investments classified under the AFS and HFT categories: Investments under these categories are marked to market. The market/fair value of quoted investments included in the ''AFS'' and ''HFT'' categories is the market price of the scrip as available from the trades/quotes on the stock exchanges or prices declared by Primary Dealers Association of India (''PDAI'') jointly with Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association of India (''FIMMDA'')/Financial Benchmark India Private Limited (''FBIL''), periodically. Net depreciation, if any, within each category of each investment classification is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. The net appreciation, if any, under each category of each investment classification is ignored. The depreciation on securities acquired by way of conversion of outstanding loans is provided in accordance with the RBI guidelines. The book value of individual securities is not changed consequent to the periodic valuation of investments.

Non-performing investments are identified and provision is made thereon as per RBI guidelines.

Treasury Bills, Exchange Funded Bills, Commercial Paper and Certificate of Deposits being discounted instruments, are valued at carrying cost.

Units of mutual funds are valued at the latest repurchase price/net asset value declared by the mutual fund.

Market value of investments where current quotations are not available, is determined as per the norms prescribed by the RBI as under:

- the market/fair value of unquoted government securities which are in the nature of Statutory Liquidity Ratio (''SLR'') securities included in the AFS and HFT categories is computed as per the rates published by FIMMDA/ FBIL;

- in case of unquoted bonds, debentures and preference shares where interest/dividend is received regularly (i.e. not overdue beyond 90 days), the market price is derived based on the YTM for Government Securities as published by FIMMDA/PDAI/FBIL and suitably marked up for credit risk applicable to the credit rating of the instrument. The matrix for credit risk mark-up for each category and credit ratings along with residual maturity issued by FIMMDA/FBIL is adopted for this purpose;

- in case of bonds and debentures (including Pass Through Certificates) where interest is not received regularly (i.e. overdue beyond 90 days), the valuation is in accordance with prudential norms for provisioning as prescribed by RBI;

- equity shares, for which current quotations are not available or where the shares are not quoted on the stock exchanges, are valued at break-up value (without considering revaluation reserves, if any) which is ascertained from the company''s latest Balance Sheet. In case the latest Balance Sheet is not available, the shares are valued at Rs.1 per company;

- units of Venture Capital Funds (''VCF'') held under AFS category where current quotations are not available are valued based on the latest audited financials of the fund. In case the audited financials are not available for a period beyond 18 months, the investments are valued at Rs.1 per VCF. Investment in unquoted VCF after 23 August, 2006 are categorised under HTM category for the initial period of three years and valued at cost as per RBI guidelines and

- in case of investments in security receipts on or after 1 April, 2017 which are backed by more than 50 percent of the stressed assets sold by the Bank, provision for depreciation in value is made at the higher of - provisioning rate required in terms of net asset value declared by the Reconstruction Company (''RC'')/Securitisation Company (''SC'') or the provisioning rate as per the extant asset classification and provisioning norms as applicable to the underlying loans, assuming that the loan notionally continued in the books of the bank. All other investments in security receipts are valued as per the NAV obtained from the issuing RC/SCs.

Investments in subsidiaries/joint ventures are categorised as HTM and assessed for impairment to determine permanent diminution, if any, in accordance with the RBI guidelines.

All investments are accounted for on settlement date, except investments in equity shares which are accounted for on trade date.

Disposal of investments

Investments classified under the HTM category: Realised gains are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account and subsequently appropriated to Capital Reserve account (net of taxes and transfer to statutory reserves) in accordance with the RBI guidelines. Losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Investments classified under the AFS and HFT categories: Realised gains/losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions

Repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions in government securities and corporate debt securities including those conducted under the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (''LAF'') and Marginal Standby Facility (''MSF'') with RBI are accounted as collateralised borrowing and lending respectively. Borrowing cost on repo transactions is accounted as interest expense and revenue on reverse repo transactions is accounted as interest income.

Short Sales

In accordance with the RBI guidelines, the Bank undertakes short sale transactions in Central Government dated securities. The short positions are reflected in ''Securities Short Sold (''SSS'') A/c'', specifically created for this purpose. Such short positions are categorised under HFT category and netted off from investments in the Balance Sheet. These positions are marked-to-market along with the other securities under HFT portfolio and the resultant mark-to-market gains/losses are accounted for as per the relevant RBI guidelines for valuation of investments discussed earlier.

2.2 Advances

Advances are classified into performing and non-performing advances (''NPAs'') as per the RBI guidelines and are stated net of bills rediscounted, inter-bank participation certificates, specific provisions made towards NPAs, interest in suspense for NPAs, claims received from Export Credit Guarantee Corporation, provisions for funded interest on term loan classified as NPAs, provisions in lieu of diminution in the fair value of restructured assets and floating provisions.

NPAs are classified into sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets based on the criteria stipulated by the RBI. Advances held at the overseas branches that are identified as impaired as per host country regulations for reasons other than record of recovery, but which are standard as per the RBI guidelines, are classified as NPAs to the extent of amount outstanding in the host country. Provisions for NPAs are made for sub-standard and doubtful assets at rates as prescribed by the RBI with the exception for agriculture advances and schematic retail advances. In respect of schematic retail advances, provisions are made in terms of a bucket-wise policy upon reaching specified stages of delinquency (90 days or more of delinquency) under each type of loan, which satisfies the RBI prudential norms on provisioning. Provisions in respect of agriculture advances classified into sub-standard and doubtful assets are made at rates which are higher than those prescribed by the RBI. Provisions for advances booked in overseas branches, which are standard as per the RBI guidelines but are classified as NPAs based on host country guidelines, are made as per the host country regulations. In case of NPAs referred to National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) under Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) where resolution plan or liquidation order has been approved by NCLT, provision is maintained at higher of the requirement under RBI guidelines or the likely haircut as per resolution plan or liquidation order.

Restructured assets are classified and provided for in accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI from time to time.

Loss assets and unsecured portion of doubtful assets are provided/written off as per the extant RBI guidelines.

Amounts recovered against debts written off are recognised in the Profit and Loss account and included under "Other Income".

The Bank holds provision in accordance with the RBI guidelines, on assets where change in ownership under Strategic Debt Restructuring (SDR) scheme/Outside SDR scheme has been implemented before 12 February, 2018 or Scheme for Sustainable Structuring of Stressed Asset (S4A) has been implemented before 12 February, 2018.

In respect of borrowers classified as non-cooperative and willful defaulters, the Bank makes accelerated provisions as per extant RBI guidelines.

Loans reported as fraud are classified as loss assets, and fully provided immediately without considering the value of security.

For entities with Unhedged Foreign Currency Exposure (UFCE), provision is made in accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, which requires to ascertain the amount of UFCE, estimate the extent of likely loss and estimate the riskiness of unhedged position. This provision is classified under Schedule 5 - Other Liabilities in the Balance Sheet.

The Bank maintains a general provision on standard advances at the rates prescribed by RBI other than for corporate standard advances rated ''BB and Below'' and all SMA-2 advances as reported to CRILC, where general provision is maintained at rates that are higher than those prescribed by RBI. In case of overseas branches, general provision on standard advances is maintained at the higher of the levels stipulated by the respective overseas regulator or RBI. The Bank also maintains general provision on positive Mark-to-Market (MTM) on derivatives at the rates prescribed by RBI.

Under its home loan portfolio, the Bank offers housing loans with certain features involving waiver of Equated Monthly Installments (''EMIs'') of a specific period subject to fulfilment of a set of conditions by the borrower. The Bank makes provision against the probable loss that could be incurred in future on account of waivers to eligible borrowers in respect of such loans based on actuarial valuation conducted by an independent actuary. This provision is classified under Schedule 5 - Other Liabilities in the Balance Sheet.

3.3 Country risk

In addition to the provisions required to be held according to the asset classification status, provisions are held for individual country exposure (other than for home country as per the RBI guidelines). Such provisions are held only in respect of those countries where the net funded exposure of the Bank exceeds 1% of its total assets. For this purpose, the countries are categorised into seven risk categories namely insignificant, low, moderate, high, very high, restricted and off-credit as per RBI guidelines. Provision is made on exposures exceeding 180 days on a graded scale ranging from 0.25% to 100%. For exposures with contractual maturity of less than 180 days, 25% of the normal provision requirement is held. If the net funded exposure of the Bank in respect of each country does not exceed 1% of the total assets, no provision is maintained on such country exposure in accordance with RBI guidelines. This provision is classified under Schedule 5 - Other Liabilities in the Balance Sheet.

4.4 Securitisation

The Bank enters into purchase/sale of corporate and retail loans through direct assignment/Special Purpose Vehicle (''SPV''). In most cases, post securitisation, the Bank continues to service the loans transferred to the assignee/SPV. The Bank also provides credit enhancement in the form of cash collaterals and/or by subordination of cash flows to Senior Pass through Certificate (''PTC'') holders. In respect of credit enhancements provided or recourse obligations (projected delinquencies, future servicing etc.) accepted by the Bank, appropriate provision/disclosure is made at the time of sale in accordance with AS-29, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016.

In accordance with RBI guidelines of 7 May, 2012, on ''Guidelines on Securitisation of Standard Assets'', gain on securitisation transaction is recognised over the period of the underlying securities issued by the SPV. Loss on securitisation is immediately debited to the Profit and Loss Account.

5.5 Foreign currency transactions

In respect of domestic operations, transactions denominated in foreign currencies are accounted for at the rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated at the Balance Sheet date at rates notified by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (''FEDAI''). All profits/losses resulting from year end revaluations are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Financial statements of foreign branches classified as non-integral foreign operations as per the RBI guidelines are translated as follows:

- Assets and liabilities (both monetary and non-monetary as well as contingent liabilities) are translated at closing exchange rates notified by FEDAI at the Balance Sheet date.

- Income and expenses are translated at the rates prevailing on the date of the transactions.

- All resulting exchange differences are accumulated in a separate ''Foreign Currency Translation Reserve'' till the disposal of the net investments. Any realised gains or losses on such disposal are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Outstanding forward exchange contracts including tom/spot contracts (excluding currency swaps undertaken to hedge foreign currency assets/liabilities and funding swaps which are not revalued) are revalued at year end on PV basis by discounting the forward value till spot date and converting the FCY amount using the respective spot rates as notified by FEDAI. The resulting gains or losses on revaluation are included in the Profit and Loss Account in accordance with RBI/FEDAI guidelines.

Premium/discount on currency swaps undertaken to hedge foreign currency assets and liabilities and funding swaps is recognised as interest income/expense and is amortised on a pro-rata basis over the underlying swap period.

Contingent liabilities on account of forward exchange and derivative contracts, guarantees, acceptances, endorsements and other obligations denominated in foreign currencies are disclosed at closing rates of exchange notified by FEDAI.

5.6 Derivative transactions

Derivative transactions comprise of forward contracts, swaps and options which are disclosed as contingent liabilities. The forwards, swaps and options are categorised as trading or hedge transactions. Trading derivative contracts are revalued at the Balance Sheet date with the resulting unrealised gain or loss being recognised in the Profit and Loss Account and correspondingly in other assets (representing positive Mark-to-Market) and in other liabilities (representing negative Mark-to-Market (MTM)) on a gross basis. For hedge transactions, the Bank identifies the hedged item (asset or liability) at the inception of transaction itself. The effectiveness is ascertained at the time of inception of the hedge and periodically thereafter. Hedge swaps are accounted for on accrual basis except in case of swaps designated with an asset or liability that is carried at market value or lower of cost or market value in the financial statements. In such cases, the swaps are marked-to-market with the resulting gain or loss recorded as an adjustment to the market value of designated asset or liability. Pursuant to the RBI guidelines, any receivables under derivative contracts comprising of crystallised receivables as well as positive Mark-to-Market (MTM) in respect of future receivables which remain overdue for more than 90 days are reversed through the Profit and Loss account and are held in separate Suspense Account.

Premium on options is recognized as income/expense on expiry or early termination of the transaction.

Currency futures contracts are marked-to-market using daily settlement price on a trading day, which is the closing price of the respective futures contracts on that day. While the daily settlement price is computed based on the last half an hour weighted average price of such contracts, the final settlement price is taken as the RBI reference rate on the last trading day of the futures contracts or as may be specified by the relevant authority from time to time. All open positions are marked-to-market based on the settlement price and the resultant marked-to-market profit/loss is daily settled with the exchange.

Valuation of Exchange Traded Currency Options (ETCO) is carried out on the basis of the daily settlement price of each individual option provided by the exchange and valuation of Interest Rate Futures (IRF) is carried out on the basis of the daily settlement price of each contract provided by the exchange.

5.7 Revenue recognition

Interest income is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with AS-9, Revenue Recognition as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, the Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016 and the RBI guidelines, except in the case of interest income on non-performing assets and loans under Strategic Debt Restructuring (SDR) scheme and Scheme for Sustainable Structuring of Stressed Asset (S4A) of RBI, where it is recognised on receipt basis if overdue for more than 90 days. Income on non-coupon bearing discounted instruments or low-coupon bearing instruments is recognised over the tenor of the instrument on a constant yield basis.

Guarantee commission is recognized on a pro-rata basis over the period of the guarantee. Locker rent and annual fees for credit cards are recognised on a straight-line basis over the period of contract. Arrangership/syndication fee is accounted for on completion of the agreed service and when right to receive is established. Other fees and commission income are recognised when due.

Interest income on investments in discounted PTCs is recognized on a constant yield basis.

Dividend is accounted on an accrual basis when the right to receive the dividend is established.

Gain/loss on sell down of loans and advances through direct assignment is recognised at the time of sale.

Fees paid/received for Priority Sector Lending Certificates (''PSLC'') is amortised on straight-line basis over the tenor of the certificate.

In accordance with RBI guidelines on sale of non-performing advances, if the sale is at a price below the net book value (i.e. book value less provisions held), the shortfall is charged to the Profit and Loss Account. If the sale is for a value higher than the net book value, the excess provision is credited to the Profit and Loss Account in the year the amounts are received.

The Bank deals in bullion business on a consignment basis. The difference between the price recovered from customers and cost of bullion is accounted for at the time of sale to the customers. The Bank also deals in bullion on a borrowing and lending basis and the interest paid/received is accounted on an accrual basis.

5.8 Fixed assets and depreciation/impairment

Fixed assets are carried at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Cost includes initial handling and delivery charges, duties, taxes and incidental expenses related to the acquisition and installation of the asset.

Capital work-in-progress includes cost of fixed assets that are not ready for their intended use and also includes advances paid to acquire fixed assets.

Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful life of a fixed asset on the straight-line method from the date of addition. The management believes that depreciation rates currently used, fairly reflect its estimate of the useful lives and residual values of fixed assets based on historical experience of the Bank, though these rates in certain cases are different from lives prescribed under Schedule II of Companies Act, 2013.

Depreciation on assets sold during the year is recognised on a pro-rata basis to the Profit and Loss Account till the date of sale.

Profit on sale of premises is appropriated to Capital Reserve account (net of taxes and transfer to statutory reserve) in accordance with RBI instructions.

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to ascertain if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognised wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

5.9 Non-banking assets

Non-banking assets (''NBAs'') acquired in satisfaction of claims include land and other immovable property. In the case of land, the Bank creates provision and follows the accounting treatment as per specific RBI directions. Other non-banking assets are carried at lower of net book value and net realizable value.

5.10 Lease transactions

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership over the lease term are classified as operating lease. Lease payments for assets taken on operating lease are recognised as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease income from assets given on operating lease is recognized as income in Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

5.11 Retirement and other employee benefits

Provident Fund

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined benefit plan wherein the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the fund are due and when services are rendered by the employees. Further, an actuarial valuation is conducted by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year to determine the deficiency, if any, in the interest payable on the contributions as compared to the interest liability as per the statutory rate. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the Profit and Loss Account and are not deferred.

Gratuity

The Bank contributes towards gratuity fund (defined benefit retirement plan) administered by various insurers for eligible employees. Under this scheme, the settlement obligations remain with the Bank, although various insurers administer the scheme and determine the contribution premium required to be paid by the Bank. The plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement or termination of employment based on the respective employee''s salary and the years of employment with the Bank. Liability with regard to gratuity fund is accrued based on actuarial valuation conducted by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year. In respect of employees at overseas branches (other than expatriates) liability with regard to gratuity is provided on the basis of a prescribed method as per local laws, wherever applicable. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the Profit and Loss Account and are not deferred.

Compensated Absences

Compensated absences are short term in nature for which provision is held on accrual basis.

Superannuation

Employees of the Bank are entitled to receive retirement benefits under the Bank''s Superannuation scheme either under a cash-out option through salary or under a defined contribution plan. Through the defined contribution plan, the Bank contributes annually a specified sum of 10% of the employee''s eligible annual basic salary to LIC, which undertakes to pay the lump sum and annuity benefit payments pursuant to the scheme. Superannuation contributions are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the period in which they accrue.

New Pension Scheme (''NPS'')

In respect of employees who opt for contribution to the ''NPS'', the Bank contributes certain percentage of the total basic salary of employees to the aforesaid scheme, a defined contribution plan, which is managed and administered by pension fund management companies. NPS contributions are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the period in which they accrue.

5.12 Reward points

The Bank runs a loyalty program which seeks to recognize and reward customers based on their relationship with the Bank. Under the program, eligible customers are granted loyalty points redeemable in future, subject to certain conditions. In addition, the Bank continues to grant reward points in respect of certain credit cards (not covered under the loyalty program). The Bank estimates the probable redemption of such loyalty/reward points using an actuarial method at the Balance Sheet date by employing an independent actuary. Provision for the said reward points is then made based on the actuarial valuation report as furnished by the said independent actuary.

5.13 Taxation

Income tax expense is the aggregate amount of current tax and deferred tax charge. Current year taxes are determined in accordance with the relevant provisions of Income tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off assets against liabilities representing current tax and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws.

Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. The impact of changes in the deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Deferred tax assets are recognised and reassessed at each reporting date, based upon the Management''s judgement as to whether realisation is considered as reasonably certain. Deferred tax assets are recognised on carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation and tax losses only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax asset can be realised against future profits.

5.14 Share issue expenses

Share issue expenses are adjusted from Share Premium Account in terms of Section 52 of the Companies Act, 2013.

5.15 Earnings per share

The Bank reports basic and diluted earnings per share in accordance with AS-20, Earnings per Share, as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the year.

Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue equity shares were exercised or converted during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding at the year end except where the results are anti-dilutive.

5.16 Employee stock option scheme

The 2001 Employee Stock Option Scheme (''the Scheme'') provides for grant of stock options on equity shares of the Bank to employees and Directors of the Bank and its subsidiaries. The Scheme is in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) (Employees Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 (''the Guidelines''). These Guidelines have been repealed in the month of October, 2014 and were substituted by Securities and Exchange Board of India (Share Based Employee Benefits) Regulations, 2014. The Scheme is in compliance with the said regulations. The Bank follows the intrinsic value method to account for its stock based employee compensation plans as per the Guidelines. Options are granted at an exercise price, which is equal to/ less than the fair market price of the underlying equity shares. The excess of such fair market price over the exercise price of the options as at the grant date, if any, is recognised as a deferred compensation cost and amortised on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of such options.

The fair market price is the latest available closing price, prior to the date of grant, on the stock exchange on which the shares of the Bank are listed. If the shares are listed on more than one stock exchange, then the stock exchange where there is highest trading volume on the said date is considered.

5.17 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

A provision is recognised when the Bank has a present obligation as a result of past event where it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

A disclosure of contingent liability is made when there is:

- a possible obligation arising from a past event, the existence of which will be confirmed by occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more uncertain future events not within the control of the Bank; or

- a present obligation arising from a past event which is not recognised as it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.

When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognised in the period in which the change occurs.

5.18 Accounting for dividend

As per AS-4 ''Contingencies and Events occurring after the Balance sheet date'' as notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs through amendments to Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016, dated 30 March, 2016, the Bank does not account for proposed dividend (including tax) as a liability through appropriation from the profit and loss account. The same is recognised in the year of actual payout post approval of shareholders. However, the Bank reckons proposed dividend in determining capital funds in computing the capital adequacy ratio.

5.19 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, balances with RBI, balances with other banks and money at call and short notice.


Mar 31, 2018

17 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH, 2018 1 Background

Axis Bank Limited (''the Bank'') was incorporated in 1993 and provides a complete suite of corporate and retail banking products. The Bank is primarily governed by the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. The Bank has overseas branches at Singapore, Hong Kong, DIFC - Dubai, Shanghai and Colombo. During the year, the Bank opened an Offshore Banking Unit at International Financial Service Centre (IFSC), Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City), Gandhinagar, India.

2 Basis of preparation

The financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India to comply with the statutory requirements prescribed under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, the circulars and guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India (''RBI'') from time to time and the Accounting Standards notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016 to the extent applicable and practices generally prevalent in the banking industry in India.

3 Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) at the date of the financial statements, revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Any revisions to the accounting estimates are recognized prospectively in the current and future periods.

4 Significant accounting policies

4.1 Investments

Classification

In accordance with the RBI guidelines, investments are classified at the time of purchase as:

- Held for Trading (''HFT'');

- Available for Sale (''AFS''); and

- Held to Maturity (''HTM'').

Investments that are held principally for sale within a short period are classified as HFT securities. As per the RBI guidelines, HFT securities, which remain unsold for a period of 90 days are reclassified as AFS securities.

Investments that the Bank intends to hold till maturity are classified under the HTM category. Investments in the equity of subsidiaries/joint ventures are categorized as HTM in accordance with the RBI guidelines.

All other investments are classified as AFS securities.

However, for disclosure in the Balance Sheet, investments in India are classified under six categories - Government Securities, Other approved securities, Shares, Debentures and Bonds, Investment in Subsidiaries/Joint Ventures and Others.

Investments made outside India are classified under three categories - Government Securities, Subsidiaries and/or Joint Ventures abroad and Others.

Transfer of security between categories

Transfer of security between categories of investments is accounted as per the RBI guidelines.

Acquisition cost

Costs including brokerage and commission pertaining to investments, paid at the time of acquisition, are charged to the Profit and Loss Account.

Broken period interest is charged to the Profit and Loss Account.

Cost of investments is computed based on the weighted average cost method.

Valuation

Investments classified under the HTM category are carried at acquisition cost unless it is more than the face value, in which case the premium is amortized over the period remaining to maturity on a constant yield to maturity basis. In terms of RBI guidelines, discount on securities held under HTM category is not accrued and such securities are held at the acquisition cost till maturity.

Investments classified under the AFS and HFT categories are marked to market. The market/fair value of quoted investments included in the ''AFS'' and ''HFT'' categories is the market price of the scrip as available from the trades/quotes on the stock exchanges or prices declared by Primary Dealers Association of India (''PDAI'') jointly with Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association of India (''FIMMDA'')/Financial Benchmark India Private Limited (''FBIL''), periodically. Net depreciation, if any, within each category of each investment classification is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account. The net appreciation if any, under each category of each investment classification is ignored. The depreciation on securities acquired by way of conversion of outstanding loans is provided in accordance with the RBI guidelines. The book value of individual securities is not changed consequent to the periodic valuation of investments. Non-performing investments are identified and provision is made thereon as per RBI guidelines.

Treasury Bills, Exchange Funded Bills, Commercial Paper and Certificate of Deposits being discounted instruments, are valued at carrying cost.

Units of mutual funds are valued at the latest repurchase price/net asset value declared by the mutual fund.

Market value of investments where current quotations are not available, is determined as per the norms prescribed by the RBI as under:

- the market/fair value of unquoted government securities which are in the nature of Statutory Liquidity Ratio (''SLR'') securities included in the AFS and HFT categories is computed as per the Yield-to-Maturity (''YTM'') rates published by FIMMDA/FBIL;

- in case of unquoted bonds, debentures and preference shares where interest/dividend is received regularly (i.e. not overdue beyond 90 days), the market price is derived based on the YTM for Government Securities as published by FIMMDA/PDAI/FBIL and suitably marked up for credit risk applicable to the credit rating of the instrument. The matrix for credit risk mark-up for each categories and credit ratings along with residual maturity issued by FIMMDA/ FBIL is adopted for this purpose;

- in case of bonds and debentures (including Pass Through Certificates) where interest is not received regularly (i.e. overdue beyond 90 days), the valuation is in accordance with prudential norms for provisioning as prescribed by RBI;

- equity shares, for which current quotations are not available or where the shares are not quoted on the stock exchanges, are valued at break-up value (without considering revaluation reserves, if any) which is ascertained from the company''s latest Balance Sheet. In case the latest Balance Sheet is not available, the shares are valued at ''1 per company;

- units of Venture Capital Funds (''VCF'') held under AFS category where current quotations are not available are marked to market based on the Net Asset Value (''NAV'') shown by VCF as per the latest audited financials of the fund. In case the audited financials are not available for a period beyond 18 months, the investments are valued at ''1 per VCF. Investment in unquoted VCF after 23 August, 2006 are categorized under HTM category for the initial period of three years and valued at cost as per RBI guidelines and

- in case of investments in security receipts on or after 1 April, 2017 which are backed by more than 50 percent of the stressed assets sold by the Bank, provision for depreciation in value is made at the higher of - provisioning rate required in terms of net asset value declared by the Reconstruction Company (''RC'')/Securitisation Company (''SC'') or the provisioning rate as per the extant asset classification and provisioning norms as applicable to the underlying loans, assuming that the loan notionally continued in the books of the bank. All other investments in security receipts are valued as per the NAV obtained from the issuing RC/SCs.

Investments in subsidiaries/joint ventures are categorized as HTM and assessed for impairment to determine permanent diminution, if any, in accordance with the RBI guidelines.

Realized gains on investments under the HTM category are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account and subsequently appropriated to Capital Reserve account (net of taxes and transfer to statutory reserves) in accordance with the RBI guidelines. Losses are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account. Realized gains/losses on investments under the AFS and HFT category are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.

All investments are accounted for on settlement date, except investments in equity shares which are accounted for on trade date.

Repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions

Repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions in government securities and corporate debt securities including those conducted under the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (''LAF'') and Marginal Standby Facility (''MSF'') with RBI are accounted as collateralized borrowing and lending respectively. Borrowing cost on repo transactions is accounted as interest expense and revenue on reverse repo transactions is accounted as interest income.

Short Sales

In accordance with the RBI guidelines, the Bank undertakes short sale transactions in Central Government dated securities. The short positions are reflected in ''Securities Short Sold (''SSS'') A/c'', specifically created for this purpose. Such short positions are categorized under HFT category and netted off from investments in the Balance Sheet. These positions are marked-to-market along with the other securities under HFT portfolio and the resultant mark-to-market gains/losses are accounted for as per the relevant RBI guidelines for valuation of investments discussed earlier.

4.2 Advances

Advances are classified into performing and non-performing advances (''NPAs'') as per the RBI guidelines and are stated net of bills rediscounted, inter-bank participation certificates, specific provisions made towards NPAs, interest in suspense for NPAs, claims received from Export Credit Guarantee Corporation, provisions for funded interest on term loan classified as NPAs, provisions in lieu of diminution in the fair value of restructured assets and floating provisions.

NPAs are classified into sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets based on the criteria stipulated by the RBI. Advances held at the overseas branches that are identified as impaired as per host country regulations for reasons other than record of recovery, but which are standard as per the RBI guidelines, are classified as NPAs to the extent of amount outstanding in the host country. Provisions for NPAs are made for sub-standard and doubtful assets at rates as prescribed by the RBI with the exception for agriculture advances and schematic retail advances. In respect of schematic retail advances, provisions are made in terms of a bucket-wise policy upon reaching specified stages of delinquency (90 days or more of delinquency) under each type of loan, which satisfies the RBI prudential norms on provisioning. Provisions in respect of agriculture advances classified into sub-standard and doubtful assets are made at rates which are higher than those prescribed by the RBI. Provisions for advances booked in overseas branches, which are standard as per the RBI guidelines but are classified as NPAs based on host country guidelines, are made as per the host country regulations.

Restructured assets are classified and provided for in accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI from time to time. In addition to the above, the Bank on a prudential basis, makes provision for expected losses against advances or other exposures to specific assets/industry/sector either on a case-by-case basis or for a group of assets, based on specific information or general economic environment. These are classified as contingent provision and included under Schedule

5 - Other Liabilities in the Balance Sheet.

Loss assets and unsecured portion of doubtful assets are provided/written off as per the extant RBI guidelines.

Amounts recovered against debts written off are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.

The Bank holds provision in accordance with the RBI guidelines, on assets where change in ownership under Strategic Debt Restructuring (SDR) scheme/Outside SDR scheme has been implemented or Scheme for Sustainable Structuring of Stressed Asset (S4A) has been implemented. In respect of borrowers classified as non-cooperative and wilful defaulters, the Bank makes accelerated provisions as per extant RBI guidelines.

For entities with Unhedged Foreign Currency Exposure (UFCE), provision is made in accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, which requires to ascertain the amount of UFCE, estimate the extent of likely loss and estimate the riskiness of unhedged position. This provision is classified under Schedule 5 - Other Liabilities in the Balance Sheet.

The Bank maintains a general provision on standard advances at the rates prescribed by RBI. In case of overseas branches, general provision on standard advances is maintained at the higher of the levels stipulated by the respective overseas regulator or RBI.

Under its home loan portfolio, the Bank offers housing loans with certain features involving waiver of Equated Monthly Installments (''EMIs'') of a specific period subject to fulfillment of a set of conditions by the borrower. The Bank makes provision against the probable loss that could be incurred in future on account of waivers to eligible borrowers in respect of such loans based on actuarial valuation conducted by an independent actuary. This provision is classified under Schedule 5 - Other Liabilities in the Balance Sheet.

4.3 Country risk

In addition to the provisions required to be held according to the asset classification status, provisions are held for individual country exposure (other than for home country as per the RBI guidelines). The countries are categorized into seven risk categories namely insignificant, low, moderate, high, very high, restricted and off-credit and provision is made on exposures exceeding 180 days on a graded scale ranging from 0.25% to 100%. For exposures with contractual maturity of less than 180 days, 25% of the normal provision requirement is held. If the net funded exposure of the Bank in respect of each country does not exceed 1% of the total assets, no provision is maintained on such country exposure in accordance with RBI guidelines.

4.4 Securitization

The Bank enters into purchase/sale of corporate and retail loans through direct assignment/Special Purpose Vehicle (''SPV''). In most cases, post securitization, the Bank continues to service the loans transferred to the assignee/SPV. The Bank also provides credit enhancement in the form of cash collaterals and/or by subordination of cash flows to Senior Pass Through Certificate (''PTC'') holders. In respect of credit enhancements provided or recourse obligations (projected delinquencies, future servicing etc.) accepted by the Bank, appropriate provision/disclosure is made at the time of sale in accordance with AS-29, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016.

In accordance with RBI guidelines of 7 May, 2012, on ''Guidelines on Securitization of Standard Assets'', gain on securitization transaction is recognized over the period of the underlying securities issued by the SPV as prescribed under RBI guidelines. Loss on securitization is immediately debited to the Profit and Loss Account.

4.5 Foreign currency transactions

In respect of domestic operations, transactions denominated in foreign currencies are accounted for at the rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated at the Balance Sheet date at rates notified by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (''FEDAI''). All profits/losses resulting from year end revaluations are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.

Financial statements of foreign branches classified as non-integral foreign operations as per the RBI guidelines are translated as follows:

- Assets and liabilities (both monetary and non-monetary as well as contingent liabilities) are translated at closing exchange rates notified by FEDAI at the Balance Sheet date.

- Income and expenses are translated at the rates prevailing on the date of the transactions.

- All resulting exchange differences are accumulated in a separate ''Foreign Currency Translation Reserve'' till the disposal of the net investments. Any realized gains or losses on such disposal are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.

Outstanding forward exchange contracts including tom/spot contracts (excluding currency swaps undertaken to hedge foreign currency assets/liabilities and funding swaps which are not revalued) are revalued at year end on PV basis by discounting the forward value till spot date and converting the FCY amount using the respective spot rates as notified by FEDAI. The resulting gains or losses on revaluation are included in the Profit and Loss Account in accordance with RBI/ FEDAI guidelines.

Premium/discount on currency swaps undertaken to hedge foreign currency assets and liabilities and funding swaps is recognized as interest income/expense and is amortized on a pro-rata basis over the underlying swap period.

Contingent liabilities on account of forward exchange and derivative contracts, guarantees, acceptances, endorsements and other obligations denominated in foreign currencies are disclosed at closing rates of exchange notified by FEDAI.

4.6 Derivative transactions

Derivative transactions comprise of forward contracts, swaps and options which are disclosed as contingent liabilities. The forwards, swaps and options are categorized as trading or hedge transactions. Trading derivative contracts are revalued at the Balance Sheet date with the resulting unrealized gain or loss being recognized in the Profit and Loss Account and correspondingly in other assets (representing positive Mark-to-Market) and in other liabilities (representing negative Mark-to-Market (MTM)) on a gross basis. For hedge transactions, the Bank identifies the hedged item (asset or liability) at the inception of transaction itself. The effectiveness is ascertained at the time of inception of the hedge and periodically thereafter. Hedge swaps are accounted for on accrual basis except in case of swaps designated with an asset or liability that is carried at market value or lower of cost or market value in the financial statements. In such cases the swaps are marked to market with the resulting gain or loss recorded as an adjustment to the market value of designated asset or liability. Pursuant to the RBI guidelines any receivables under derivative contracts comprising of crystallized receivables as well as positive Mark-to-Market (MTM) in respect of future receivables which remain overdue for more than 90 days are reversed through the Profit and Loss Account and are held in separate Suspense Account.

Currency futures contracts are marked-to-market using daily settlement price on a trading day, which is the closing price of the respective futures contracts on that day. While the daily settlement price is computed based on the last half an hour weighted average price of such contracts, the final settlement price is taken as the RBI reference rate on the last trading day of the futures contracts or as may be specified by the relevant authority from time to time. All open positions are marked-to-market based on the settlement price and the resultant marked-to-market profit/loss is daily settled with the exchange.

Valuation of Exchange Traded Currency Options (ETCO) is carried out on the basis of the daily settlement price of each individual option provided by the exchange and valuation of Interest Rate Futures (IRF) is carried out on the basis of the daily settlement price of each contract provided by the exchange.

4.7 Revenue recognition

Interest income is recognized on an accrual basis in accordance with AS-9, Revenue Recognition as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, the Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016 and the RBI guidelines, except in the case of interest income on non-performing assets and loans under Strategic Debt Restructuring (SDR) scheme and Scheme for Sustainable Structuring of Stressed Asset (S4A) of RBI, where it is recognized on receipt basis if overdue for more than 90 days. Income on non-coupon bearing discounted instruments or low-coupon bearing instruments is recognized over the tenor of the instrument on a constant yield basis.

Guarantee commission is recognized on a pro-rata basis over the period of the guarantee. Locker rent and annual fees for credit cards are recognized on a straight-line basis over the period of contract. Arrangership/syndication fee is accounted for on completion of the agreed service and when right to receive is established. Other fees and commission income are recognized when due.

Interest income on investments in PTCs is recognized on a constant yield basis.

Dividend is accounted on an accrual basis when the right to receive the dividend is established.

Gain/loss on sell down of loans and advances through direct assignment is recognized at the time of sale.

Fees paid/received for Priority Sector Lending Certificates (''PSLC'') is amortized on straight-line basis over the tenor of the certificate.

In accordance with RBI guidelines on sale of non-performing advances, if the sale is at a price below the net book value (i.e. book value less provisions held), the shortfall is charged to the Profit and Loss Account. If the sale is for a value higher than the net book value, the excess provision is credited to the Profit and Loss Account in the year the amounts are received.

The Bank deals in bullion business on a consignment basis. The difference between the price recovered from customers and cost of bullion is accounted for at the time of sale to the customers. The Bank also deals in bullion on a borrowing and lending basis and the interest paid/received is accounted on an accrual basis.

4.8 Fixed assets and depreciation/impairment

Fixed assets are carried at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Cost includes initial handling and delivery charges, duties, taxes and incidental expenses related to the acquisition and installation of the asset.

Capital work-in-progress includes cost of fixed assets that are not ready for their intended use and also includes advances paid to acquire fixed assets.

Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful life of a fixed asset on the straight-line method from the date of addition. The management believes that depreciation rates currently used, fairly reflect its estimate of the useful lives and residual values of fixed assets based on historical experience of the Bank, though these rates in certain cases are different from lives prescribed under Schedule II of Companies Act, 2013.

Depreciation on assets sold during the year is recognized on a pro-rata basis to the Profit and Loss Account till the date of sale.

Profit on sale of premises is appropriated to Capital Reserve Account (net of taxes and transfer to statutory reserve) in accordance with RBI instructions.

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to ascertain if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

4.9 Non-banking assets

Non-banking assets (''NBAs'') acquired in satisfaction of claims are carried at lower of net book value and net realizable value.

4.10 Lease transactions

Leases where the less or effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership over the lease term are classified as operating lease. Lease payments for assets taken on operating lease are recognized as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

4.11 Retirement and other employee benefits

Provident Fund

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined benefit plan wherein the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the fund are due and when services are rendered by the employees. Further, an actuarial valuation is conducted by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year to determine the deficiency, if any, in the interest payable on the contributions as compared to the interest liability as per the statutory rate. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the Profit and Loss Account and are not deferred.

Gratuity

The Bank contributes towards gratuity fund (defined benefit retirement plan) administered by various insurers for eligible employees. Under this scheme, the settlement obligations remain with the Bank, although various insurers administer the scheme and determine the contribution premium required to be paid by the Bank. The plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement or termination of employment based on the respective employee''s salary and the years of employment with the Bank. Liability with regard to gratuity fund is accrued based on actuarial valuation conducted by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year. In respect of employees at overseas branches (other than expatriates) liability with regard to gratuity is provided on the basis of a prescribed method as per local laws, wherever applicable. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the Profit and Loss Account and are not deferred.

Compensated Absences

The Bank provides for compensated absences based on actuarial valuation conducted by an independent actuary. The actuarial valuation is carried out as per the Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year. Actuarial gains/ losses are immediately taken to the Profit and Loss Account and are not deferred.

Superannuation

Employees of the Bank are entitled to receive retirement benefits under the Bank''s Superannuation scheme either under a cash-out option through salary or under a defined contribution plan. Through the defined contribution plan, the Bank contributes annually a specified sum of 10% of the employee''s eligible annual basic salary to LIC, which undertakes to pay the lump sum and annuity benefit payments pursuant to the scheme. Superannuation contributions are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account in the period in which they accrue.

New Pension Scheme (''NPS'')

In respect of employees who opt for contribution to the ''NPS'', the Bank contributes certain percentage of the total basic salary of employees to the aforesaid scheme, a defined contribution plan, which is managed and administered by pension fund management companies. NPS contributions are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account in the period in which they accrue.

4.12 Reward points

The Bank runs a loyalty program which seeks to recognize and reward customers based on their relationship with the Bank. Under the program, eligible customers are granted loyalty points redeemable in future, subject to certain conditions. In addition, the Bank continues to grant reward points in respect of certain credit cards (not covered under the loyalty program). The Bank estimates the probable redemption of such loyalty/reward points using an actuarial method at the Balance Sheet date by employing an independent actuary. Provision for the said reward points is then made based on the actuarial valuation report as furnished by the said independent actuary.

4.13 Taxation

Income tax expense is the aggregate amount of current tax and deferred tax charge. Current year taxes are determined in accordance with the relevant provisions of Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off assets against liabilities representing current tax and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws.

Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. The impact of changes in the deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.

Deferred tax assets are recognized and reassessed at each reporting date, based upon the Management''s judgment as to whether realization is considered as reasonably certain. Deferred tax assets are recognized on carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation and tax losses only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax asset can be realized against future profits.

4.14 Share issue expenses

Share issue expenses are adjusted from Share Premium Account in terms of Section 52 of the Companies Act, 2013.

4.15 Earnings per share

The Bank reports basic and diluted earnings per share in accordance with AS-20, Earnings per Share, as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the year.

Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue equity shares were exercised or converted during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding at the yearend except where the results are anti-dilutive.

4.16 Employee stock option scheme

The 2001 Employee Stock Option Scheme (''the Scheme'') provides for grant of stock options on equity shares of the Bank to employees and Directors of the Bank and its subsidiaries. The Scheme is in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) (Employees Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 (''the Guidelines''). These Guidelines have been repealed in the month of October, 2014 and were substituted by Securities and Exchange Board of India (Share Based Employee Benefits) Regulations, 2014. The Scheme is in compliance with the said regulations. The Bank follows the intrinsic value method to account for its stock based employee compensation plans as per the Guidelines. Options are granted at an exercise price, which is equal to/less than the fair market price of the underlying equity shares. The excess of such fair market price over the exercise price of the options as at the grant date, if any, is recognized as a deferred compensation cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of such options.

The fair market price is the latest available closing price, prior to the date of grant, on the stock exchange on which the shares of the Bank are listed. If the shares are listed on more than one stock exchange, then the stock exchange where there is highest trading volume on the said date is considered.

4.17 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

A provision is recognized when the Bank has a present obligation as a result of past event where it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

A disclosure of contingent liability is made when there is:

- a possible obligation arising from a past event, the existence of which will be confirmed by occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more uncertain future events not within the control of the Bank; or

- a present obligation arising from a past event which is not recognized as it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.

When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

Contingent assets are not recognized in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognized in the period in which the change occurs.

4.18 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, balances with RBI, balances with other banks and money at call and short notice.

1.1 During the year, the Bank raised additional equity capital through a preferential allotment of 165,328,892 shares at a price of Rs,525.00 per share. As a consequence, the paid-up share capital of the Bank has increased by Rs,33.07 crores and the reserves of the Bank have increased by Rs,8,620.73 crores after charging of issue related expenses. Further, the Bank also allotted

45,357,385 convertible warrants carrying a right to the convertible warrant holder to apply for, get issued and allotted one (1) equity share of the Bank of face value Rs,2 each, for cash, at a price of Rs,565.00 per share against which the Bank has received an amount of Rs,640.67 crores upfront representing 25% of the warrant price. The convertible warrants are exercisable up to 18 months from the date of allotment. The funds mobilized from the equity raising were utilized for enhancing the capital adequacy ratio and for general corporate purposes.

Classification of advances into sector is based on Sector wise Industry Bank Credit return submitted to RBI

Figures in italics represent sub-sectors where the outstanding advance exceeds 10% of total outstanding advance to that sector.

* does not exceed 10% of total advances to sector as on 31st March

viii) Divergence in Asset Classification and Provisioning for NPAs

- The Bank classifies advances into performing and non-performing advances (NPAs) as per the RBI guidelines. NPAs are identified and provided for based on RBI''s Prudential Norms on Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning.

- Based on application of RBI''s prudential norms as stated above, the Bank classified and made the prescribed provisions against the NPAs as at the end of 31 March, 2017.

- The Bank has duly considered the impact of the above in the Financial Statements for the year ended 31 March, 2018.

2.1.6 During the years ended 31 March, 2018 and 31 March, 2017; none of the loans and advances held at overseas branches of the Bank have been classified as NPA by any host banking regulator for reasons other than record of recovery.


Mar 31, 2017

Place of Signature: Mumbai Date: 26 April, 2017

1 Background

Axis Bank Limited (''the Bank'') was incorporated in 1993 and provides a complete suite of corporate and retail banking products. The Bank is primarily governed by the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. The Bank has overseas branches at Singapore, Hong Kong, DIFC - Dubai, Shanghai and Colombo

2 Basis of preparation

The financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India to comply with the statutory requirements prescribed under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, the circulars and guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India (''RBI'') from time to time and the Accounting Standards notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016 to the extent applicable and practices generally prevalent in the banking industry in India.

3 Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, revenues and expenses during the reporting period and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Any revisions to the accounting estimates are recognized prospectively in the current and future periods.

4 Changes in accounting policies

4.1 Mark-to-market gain or loss on derivatives and foreign exchange contracts

In terms the guidance note issued by ICAI on "Accounting for Derivative Contracts", the Bank has presented mark-to-market gain or loss on derivatives and foreign exchange contracts on a gross basis as against the erstwhile practice of presenting the same on a net basis under other assets and other liabilities. Previous year figures have been regrouped and reclassified to conform to current year''s classification. The aforesaid change has no impact on the profit of the Bank for the year ended 31 March, 2017.

4.2 Repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions with RBI under Liquidity Adjustment Facility/ Marginal Standing Facility

In terms of RBI circular no. FMRD.DIRD.10/14.03.002/2015-16 dated 19 May, 2016, repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions with RBI under Liquidity Adjustment Facility/Marginal Standing Facility are accounted for as borrowing and lending respectively as against the earlier practice of including the same under investments. Previous year figures have been regrouped and reclassified to conform to current year''s classification. The aforesaid change has no impact on the profit of the Bank for the year ended 31 March, 2017.

5 Significant accounting policies

5.1 Investments

Classification

In accordance with the RBI guidelines, investments are classified at the time of purchase as:

- Held for Trading(''HFT'');

- Available for Sale(AFS'');and

- Held to Maturity(''HTM'').

Investments that are held principally for sale within a short period are classified as HFT securities. As per the RBI guidelines, HFT securities, which remain unsold for a period of 90 days are reclassified as AFS securities.

Investments that the Bank intends to hold till maturity are classified under the HTM category. Investments in the equity of subsidiaries/joint ventures are categorized as HTM in accordance with the RBI guidelines.

All other investments are classified as AFS securities.

However, for disclosure in the Balance Sheet, investments in India are classified under six categories - Government Securities, Other approved securities, Shares, Debentures and Bonds, Investment in Subsidiaries/Joint Ventures and Others.

Investments made outside India are classified under three categories - Government Securities, Subsidiaries and/or Joint Ventures abroad and Others.

Transfer of security between categories

Transfer of security between categories of investments is accounted as per the RBI guidelines.

Acquisition cost

Costs including brokerage and commission pertaining to investments, paid at the time of acquisition, are charged to the Profit and Loss Account.

Broken period interest is charged to the Profit and Loss Account.

Cost of investments is computed based on the weighted average cost method.

Valuation

Investments classified under the HTM category are carried at acquisition cost unless it is more than the face value, in which case the premium is amortized over the period remaining to maturity on a constant yield to maturity basis. In terms of RBI guidelines, discount on securities held under HTM category is not accrued and such securities are held at the acquisition cost till maturity.

Investments classified under the AFS and HFT categories are marked to market. The market/fair value of quoted investments included in the ''AFS'' and ''HFT'' categories is the market price of the scrip as available from the trades/quotes on the stock exchanges or prices declared by Primary Dealers Association of India (''PDAI'') jointly with Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association of India (''FIMMDA''), periodically. Net depreciation, if any, within each category of each investment classification is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account. The net appreciation if any, under each category of each investment classification is ignored. The depreciation on securities acquired by way of conversion of outstanding loans is provided in accordance with the RBI guidelines. The book value of individual securities is not changed consequent to the periodic valuation of investments. Non-performing investments are identified and provision is made thereon as per RBI guidelines.

Treasury Bills, Exchange Funded Bills, Commercial Paper and Certificate of Deposits being discounted instruments, are valued at carrying cost.

Units of mutual funds are valued at the latest repurchase price/net asset value declared by the mutual fund.

Market value of investments where current quotations are not available, is determined as per the norms prescribed by the RBI as under:

- in case of unquoted bonds, debentures and preference shares where interest/dividend is received regularly (i.e. not overdue beyond 90 days), the market price is derived based on the YTM for Government Securities as published by FIMMDA/PDAI and suitably marked up for credit risk applicable to the credit rating of the instrument. The matrix for credit risk mark-up for each categories and credit ratings along with residual maturity issued by FIMMDA is adopted for this purpose;

- in case of bonds and debentures (including Pass Through Certificates) where interest is not received regularly (i.e. overdue beyond 90 days), the valuation is in accordance with prudential norms for provisioning as prescribed by RBI;

- equity shares, for which current quotations are not available or where the shares are not quoted on the stock exchanges, are valued at break-up value (without considering revaluation reserves, if any) which is ascertained from the company''s latest Balance Sheet. In case the latest Balance Sheet is not available, the shares are valued at Re 1 per company;

- units of Venture Capital Funds (''VCF'') held under AFS category where current quotations are not available are marked to market based on the Net Asset Value (''NAV'') shown by VCF as per the latest audited financials of the fund. In case the audited financials are not available for a period beyond 18 months, the investments are valued at Re 1 per VCF Investment in unquoted VCF after 23 August, 2006 are categorized under HTM category for the initial period of three years and valued at cost as per RBI guidelines and

- security receipts are valued as per the NAV obtained from the issuing Reconstruction Company/Securitization Company.

Investments in subsidiaries/joint ventures are categorized as HTM and assessed for impairment to determine permanent diminution, if any, in accordance with the RBI guidelines.

Realized gains on investments under the HTM category are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account and subsequently appropriated to Capital Reserve account (net of taxes and transfer to statutory reserves) in accordance with the RBI guidelines. Losses are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account. Realized gains/losses on investments under the AFS and HFT category are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.

All investments are accounted for on settlement date, except investments in equity shares which are accounted for on trade date.

Repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions

Repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions in government securities and corporate debt securities including those conducted under the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (''LAF'') and Marginal Standby Facility (''MSF'') with RBI are accounted as collateralized borrowing and lending respectively.

Short Sales

In accordance with the RBI guidelines, the Bank undertakes short sale transactions in Central Government dated securities. The short positions are reflected in ''Securities Short Sold (''SSS'') A/c'', specifically created for this purpose. Such short positions are categorised under HFT category and netted off from investments in the Balance Sheet. These positions are marked-to-market along with the other securities under HFT portfolio and the resultant mark-to-market gains/losses are accounted for as per the relevant RBI guidelines for valuation of investments discussed earlier.

5.2 Advances

Advances are classified into performing and non-performing advances (''NPAs'') as per the RBI guidelines and are stated net of bills rediscounted, inter-bank participation certificates, specific provisions made towards NPAs, interest in suspense for NPAs, claims received from Export Credit Guarantee Corporation, provisions for funded interest on term loan classified as NPAs, provisions in lieu of diminution in the fair value of restructured assets and floating provisions.

NPAs are classified into sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets based on the criteria stipulated by the RBI. Advances held at the overseas branches that are identified as impaired as per host country regulations for reasons other than record of recovery, but which are standard as per the RBI guidelines, are classified as NPAs to the extent of amount outstanding in the host country. Provisions for NPAs are made for sub-standard and doubtful assets at rates as prescribed by the RBI with the exception for agriculture advances and schematic retail advances. In respect of schematic retail advances, provisions are made in terms of a bucket-wise policy upon reaching specified stages of delinquency (90 days or more of delinquency) under each type of loan, which satisfies the RBI prudential norms on provisioning. Provisions in respect of agriculture advances classified into sub-standard and doubtful assets are made at rates which are higher than those prescribed by the RBI. Provisions for advances booked in overseas branches, which are standard as per the RBI guidelines but are classified as NPAs based on host country guidelines, are made as per the host country regulations.

In addition to the above, the Bank on a prudential basis, makes provision for expected losses against advances or other exposures to specific assets/industry/sector either on a case-by-case basis or for a group of assets, based on specific information or general economic environment. These are classified as contingent provision and included under Schedule

5 - Other Liabilities in the Balance Sheet.

Loss assets and unsecured portion of doubtful assets are provided/written off as per the extant RBI guidelines.

Amounts recovered against debts written off are recognized in the Profit and Loss account.

For restructured/rescheduled assets, provision is made in accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, which requires the diminution in the fair value of the assets to be provided at the time of restructuring.

The Bank makes provision in accordance with the RBI guidelines, on assets subjected to Strategic Debt Restructuring (SDR) scheme and Scheme for Sustainable Structuring of Stressed Asset (S4A).

For entities with Unheeded Foreign Currency Exposure (UFCE), provision is made in accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, which requires to ascertain the amount of UFCE, estimate the extent of likely loss and estimate the riskiness of unheeded position. This provision is classified under Schedule 5 - Other Liabilities in the Balance Sheet.

The Bank maintains a general provision on standard advances at the rates prescribed by RBI. In case of overseas branches, general provision on standard advances is maintained at the higher of the levels stipulated by the respective overseas regulator or RBI.

Under its home loan portfolio, the Bank offers housing loans with certain features involving waiver of Equated Monthly Installments (''EMIs'') of a specific period subject to fulfillment of a set of conditions by the borrower. The Bank makes provision on an estimated basis against the probable loss that could be incurred in future on account of waivers to eligible borrowers in respect of such loans. This provision is classified under Schedule 5 - Other Liabilities in the Balance Sheet.

5.3 Country risk

In addition to the provisions required to be held according to the asset classification status, provisions are held for individual country exposure (other than for home country as per the RBI guidelines). The countries are categorized into seven risk categories namely insignificant, low, moderate, high, very high, restricted and off-credit and provision is made on exposures exceeding 180 days on a graded scale ranging from 0.25% to 100%. For exposures with contractual maturity of less than 180 days, 25% of the normal provision requirement is held. If the net funded exposure of the Bank in respect of each country does not exceed 1% of the total assets, no provision is maintained on such country exposure.

5.4 Securitization

The Bank enters into purchase/sale of corporate and retail loans through direct assignment/Special Purpose Vehicle (''SPV''). In most cases, post securitization, the Bank continues to service the loans transferred to the assignee/SPV The Bank also provides credit enhancement in the form of cash collaterals and/or by subordination of cash flows to Senior Pass Through Certificate (''PTC'') holders. In respect of credit enhancements provided or recourse obligations (projected delinquencies, future servicing etc.) accepted by the Bank, appropriate provision/disclosure is made at the time of sale in accordance with AS-29, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016.

In accordance with RBI guidelines of 7 May, 2012, on ''Guidelines on Securitization of Standard Assets'', gain on securitization transaction is recognized over the period of the underlying securities issued by the SPV as prescribed under RBI guidelines. Loss on securitization is immediately debited to the Profit and Loss Account.

5.5 Foreign currency transactions

In respect of domestic operations, transactions denominated in foreign currencies are accounted for at the rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated at the Balance Sheet date at rates notified by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (''FEDAI''). All profits/losses resulting from year end revaluations are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.

Financial statements of foreign branches classified as non-integral foreign operations as per the RBI guidelines are translated as follows:

- Assets and liabilities (both monetary and non-monetary as well as contingent liabilities) are translated at closing exchange rates notified by FEDAI at the Balance Sheet date.

- Income and expenses are translated at the rates prevailing on the date of the transactions.

- All resulting exchange differences are accumulated in a separate ''Foreign Currency Translation Reserve'' till the disposal of the net investments. Any realized gains or losses are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.

Outstanding forward exchange contracts including tom/spot contracts (excluding currency swaps undertaken to hedge foreign currency assets/liabilities and funding swaps which are not revalued) are revalued at year end on PV basis by discounting the forward value till spot date and converting the FCY amount using the respective spot rates as notified by FEDAI. The resulting gains or losses on revaluation are included in the Profit and Loss Account in accordance with RBI/ FEDAI guidelines.

Premium/discount on currency swaps undertaken to hedge foreign currency assets and liabilities and funding swaps is recognized as interest income/expense and is amortized on a pro-rata basis over the underlying swap period.

Contingent liabilities on account of forward exchange and derivative contracts, guarantees, acceptances, endorsements and other obligations denominated in foreign currencies are disclosed at closing rates of exchange notified by FEDAI.

5.6 Derivative transactions

Derivative transactions comprise of forward contracts, swaps and options which are disclosed as contingent liabilities. The forwards, swaps and options are categorized as trading or hedge transactions. Trading derivative contracts are revalued at the Balance Sheet date with the resulting unrealized gain or loss being recognized in the Profit and Loss Account and correspondingly in other assets (representing positive Mark to Market) and in other liabilities (representing negative Mark to Market (MTM)) on a gross basis. For hedge transactions, the Bank identifies the hedged item (asset or liability) at the inception of transaction itself. The effectiveness is ascertained at the time of inception of the hedge and periodically thereafter. Hedge swaps are accounted for on accrual basis except in case of swaps designated with an asset or liability that is carried at market value or lower of cost or market value in the financial statements. In such cases the swaps are marked to market with the resulting gain or loss recorded as an adjustment to the market value of designated asset or liability. The premium on option contracts is accounted for as per FEDAI guidelines. Pursuant to the RBI guidelines any receivables under derivative contracts comprising of crystallized receivables as well as positive Mark to Market (MTM) in respect of future receivables which remain overdue for more than 90 days are reversed through the Profit and Loss account and are held in separate Suspense Account.

Currency futures contracts are marked to market using daily settlement price on a trading day, which is the closing price of the respective futures contracts on that day. While the daily settlement price is computed based on the last half an hour weighted average price of such contract, the final settlement price is taken as the RBI reference rate on the last trading day of the futures contract or as may be specified by the relevant authority from time to time. All open positions are marked to market based on the settlement price and the resultant marked to market profit/loss is daily settled with the exchange.

Valuation of Exchange Traded Currency Options (ETCO) is carried out on the basis of the daily settlement price of each individual option provided by the exchange and valuation of Interest Rate Futures (IRF) is carried out on the basis of the daily settlement price of each contract provided by the exchange.

5.7 Revenue recognition

Interest income is recognized on an accrual basis in accordance with AS-9, Revenue Recognition as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, the Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016 and the RBI guidelines, except in the case of interest income on nonperforming assets and loans under Strategic Debt Restructuring (SDR) scheme and Scheme for Sustainable Structuring of Stressed Asset (S4A) of RBI, where it is recognized on receipt basis if overdue for more than 90 days. Income on non-coupon bearing discounted instruments or low-coupon bearing instruments is recognized over the tenor of the instrument on a constant yield basis.

Guarantee commission is recognized on a pro-rata basis over the period of the guarantee. Locker rent and annual fees for credit cards are recognized on a straight-line basis over the period of contract. Arranger ship/syndication fee is accounted for on completion of the agreed service and when right to receive is established. Other fees and commission income are recognized when due.

Dividend is accounted on an accrual basis when the right to receive the dividend is established.

Gain/loss on sell down of loans and advances through direct assignment is recognized at the time of sale.

In accordance with RBI guidelines on sale of non-performing advances, if the sale is at a price below the net book value (i.e. book value less provisions held), the shortfall is charged to the Profit and Loss Account. If the sale is for a value higher than the net book value, the excess provision is credited to the Profit and Loss Account in the year the amounts are received.

The Bank deals in bullion business on a consignment basis. The difference between the price recovered from customers and cost of bullion is accounted for at the time of sale to the customers. The Bank also deals in bullion on a borrowing and lending basis and the interest paid/received is accounted on an accrual basis.

5.8 Fixed assets and depreciation/impairment

Fixed assets are carried at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Cost includes initial handling and delivery charges, duties, taxes and incidental expenses related to the acquisition and installation of the asset.

Capital work-in-progress includes cost of fixed assets that are not ready for their intended use and also includes advances paid to acquire fixed assets.

Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful life of a fixed asset on the straight-line method from the date of addition. The management believes that depreciation rates currently used, fairly reflect its estimate of the useful lives and residual values of fixed assets, though these rates in certain cases are different from lives prescribed under Schedule II of Companies Act, 2013.

Profit on sale of premises is appropriated to Capital Reserve account (net of taxes and transfer to statutory reserve) in accordance with RBI instructions.

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to ascertain if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

5.9 Lease transactions

Leases where the less or effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership over the lease term are classified as operating lease. Lease payments for assets taken on operating lease are recognized as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

5.10 Retirement and other employee benefits

Provident Fund

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined benefit plan wherein the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the fund are due and when services are rendered by the employees. Further, an actuarial valuation is conducted by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year to determine the deficiency, if any, in the interest payable on the contributions as compared to the interest liability as per the statutory rate.

Gratuity

The Bank contributes towards gratuity fund (defined benefit retirement plan) administered by various insurers for eligible employees. Under this scheme, the settlement obligations remain with the Bank, although various insurers administer the scheme and determine the contribution premium required to be paid by the Bank. The plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement or termination of employment based on the respective employee''s salary and the years of employment with the Bank. Liability with regard to gratuity fund is accrued based on actuarial valuation conducted by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year. In respect of employees at overseas branches (other than expatriates) liability with regard to gratuity is provided on the basis of a prescribed method as per local laws, wherever applicable.

Compensated Absences

Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates of encashment/a ailment of leave. The Bank provides long term compensated absences based on actuarial valuation conducted by an independent actuary. The actuarial valuation is carried out as per the Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year.

Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the Profit and Loss Account and are not deferred.

Superannuation

Employees of the Bank are entitled to receive retirement benefits under the Bank''s Superannuation scheme either under a cash-out option through salary or under a defined contribution plan. Through the defined contribution plan, the Bank contributes annually a specified sum of 10% of the employee''s eligible annual basic salary to LIC, which undertakes to pay the lumpsum and annuity benefit payments pursuant to the scheme. Superannuation contributions are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account in the period in which they accrue.

5.11 Reward points

The Bank runs a loyalty program which seeks to recognize and reward customers based on their relationship with the Bank. Under the program, eligible customers are granted loyalty points redeemable in future, subject to certain conditions. In addition, the Bank continues to grant reward points in respect of certain credit cards (not covered under the loyalty program). The Bank estimates the probable redemption of such loyalty/reward points using an actuarial method at the Balance Sheet date by employing an independent actuary. Provision for the said reward points is then made based on the actuarial valuation report as furnished by the said independent actuary.

5.12 Taxation

Income tax expense is the aggregate amount of current tax and deferred tax charge. Current year taxes are determined in accordance with the relevant provisions of Income tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off assets against liabilities representing current tax and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws.

Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. The impact of changes in the deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.

Deferred tax assets are recognized and reassessed at each reporting date, based upon the Management''s judgment as to whether realization is considered as reasonably certain. Deferred tax assets are recognized on carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation and tax losses only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax asset can be realized against future profits.

5.13 Share issue expenses

Share issue expenses are adjusted from Share Premium Account in terms of Section 52 of the Companies Act, 2013.

5.14 Earnings per share

The Bank reports basic and diluted earnings per share in accordance with AS-20, Earnings per Share, as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the year.

Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue equity shares were exercised or converted during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding at the yearend except where the results are anti-dilutive.

5.15 Employee stock option scheme

The 2001 Employee Stock Option Scheme (''the Scheme'') provides for grant of stock options on equity shares of the Bank to employees and Directors of the Bank and its subsidiaries. The Scheme is in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) (Employees Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 (''the Guidelines''). These Guidelines have been repealed in the month of October, 2014 and were substituted by Securities and Exchange Board of India (Share Based Employee Benefits) Regulations, 2014. The Scheme is in compliance with the said regulations. The Bank follows the intrinsic value method to account for its stock based employee compensation plans as per the Guidelines. Options are granted at an exercise price, which is equal to/less than the fair market price of the underlying equity shares. The excess of such fair market price over the exercise price of the options as at the grant date is recognized as a deferred compensation cost and amortised on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of such options.

The fair market price is the latest available closing price, prior to the date of grant, on the stock exchange on which the shares of the Bank are listed. If the shares are listed on more than one stock exchange, then the stock exchange where there is highest trading volume on the said date is considered.

5.16 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

A provision is recognized when the Bank has a present obligation as a result of past event where it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

A disclosure of contingent liability is made when there is:

- a possible obligation arising from a past event, the existence of which will be confirmed by occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more uncertain future events not within the control of the Bank; or

- a present obligation arising from a past event which is not recognized as it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.

When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

Contingent assets are not recognized in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognized in the period in which the change occurs.

5.17 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, balances with RBI, balances with other banks and money at call and short notice.

- The Bank has duly considered the impact of the above in the Financial Statements for the year ended 31 March,

2017.

- Of the above:

- Based on operations in the borrower accounts subsequent to 31 March, 2016, accounts with value of Rs,5,260 crores were recognized as NPAs in Q1 and Q2 of FY 2016-17, prior to the Risk Based Supervision exercise for 2016.

- Based on operations in the borrower accounts subsequent to 31 March, 2016, accounts with value of Rs,1,811 crores were recognized as NPA in Q3 of FY 2016-17.

- The balance accounts with value of Rs,2,408 crores continued to remain standard as on 31 March, 2017 upon resolution of irregularity in those accounts.

1.1.6 During the years ended 31 March, 2017 and 31 March, 2016; none of the exposures to Indian corporate at overseas branches of the Bank have been classified as NPA by any host banking regulator for reasons other than record of recovery.

1.1.11 As on 31 March, 2017, outstanding receivables acquired by the Bank under factoring stood at Rs,7.10 crores (previous year Rs,12.95 crores) which are reported under ''Bills Purchased and Discounted'' in Schedule 9 of the Balance Sheet.

1.1.12 During the years ended 31 March, 2017 and 31 March, 2016 there are no unsecured advances for which intangible securities such as charge over the rights, licenses, authority etc. has been taken as collateral by the Bank.


Mar 31, 2015

1 Background

Axis Bank Limited (''the Bank'') was incorporated in 1993 and provides a complete suite of corporate and retail banking products.

2 Basis of preparation

The financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India to comply with the, statutory requirements prescribed under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, the circulars and guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India (''RBI'') from time to time and the Accounting Standards notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 to the extent applicable and practices generally prevalent in the banking industry in India.

3 Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Any revisions to the accounting estimates are recognised prospectively in the current and future periods.

4 Significant accounting policies

4.1 Investments

Classification

In accordance with the RBI guidelines, investments are classified at the time of purchase as:

* Held for Trading (''HFT'');

* Available for Sale (''AFS''); and

* Held to Maturity (''HTM'').

Investments that are held principally for sale within a short period are classified as HFT securities. As per the RBI guidelines, HFT securities, which remain unsold for a period of 90 days are reclassified as AFS securities.

Investments that the Bank intends to hold till maturity are classified under the HTM category. Investments in the equity of subsidiaries/joint ventures are categorised as HTM in accordance with the RBI guidelines.

All other investments are classified as AFS securities.

However, for disclosure in the Balance Sheet, investments in India are classified under six categories - Government Securities, Other approved securities, Shares, Debentures and Bonds, Investment in Subsidiaries/ Joint Ventures and Others.

Investments made outside India are classified under three categories - Government Securities, Subsidiaries and/ or Joint Ventures abroad and Others.

Transfer of security between categories

Transfer of security between categories of investments is accounted as per the RBI guidelines.

Acquisition cost

Costs including brokerage and commission pertaining to investments, paid at the time of acquisition, are charged to the Profit and Loss Account.

Broken period interest is charged to the Profit and Loss Account.

Cost of investments is computed based on the weighted average cost method.

Valuation

Investments classified under the HTM category are carried at acquisition cost unless it is more than the face value, in which case the premium is amortised over the period remaining to maturity on a constant yield to maturity basis. In terms of RBI guidelines, discount on securities held under HTM category is not accrued and such securities are held at the acquisition cost till maturity.

Investments classified under the AFS and HFT categories are marked to market. The market/fair value of quoted investments included in the ''AFS'' and ''HFT'' categories is the market price of the scrip as available from the trades/quotes on the stock exchanges or prices declared by Primary Dealers Association of India (''PDAI'') jointly with Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association of India (''FIMMDA''), periodically. Net depreciation, if any, within each category of each investment classification is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. The net appreciation if any, under each category of each investment classification is ignored. The book value of individual securities is not changed consequent to the periodic valuation of investments.

Treasury Bills, Exchange Funded Bills, Commercial Paper and Certificate of Deposits being discounted instruments, are valued at carrying cost.

Units of mutual funds are valued at the latest repurchase price/net asset value declared by the mutual fund.

Market value of investments where current quotations are not available, is determined as per the norms prescribed by the RBI as under:

* in case of unquoted bonds, debentures and preference shares where interest/dividend is received regularly (i.e. not overdue beyond 90 days), the market price is derived based on the YTM for Government Securities as published by FIMMDA/PDAI and suitably marked up for credit risk applicable to the credit rating of the instrument. The matrix for credit risk mark-up for each categories and credit ratings along with residual maturity issued by FIMMDA is adopted for this purpose;

* in case of bonds and debentures (including Pass Through Certificates) where interest is not received regularly (i.e. overdue beyond 90 days), the valuation is in accordance with prudential norms for provisioning as prescribed by RBI;

* equity shares, for which current quotations are not available or where the shares are not quoted on the stock exchanges, are valued at break-up value (without considering revaluation reserves, if any) which is ascertained from the company''s latest Balance Sheet. In case the latest Balance Sheet is not available, the shares are valued at Rs.1 per company;

* units of Venture Capital Funds (''VCF'') held under AFS category where current quotations are not available are marked to market based on the Net Asset Value (''NAV'') shown by VCF as per the latest audited financials of the fund. In case the audited financials are not available for a period beyond 18 months, the investments are valued at Rs.1 per VCF. Investment in unquoted VCF after 23rd August, 2006 are categorised under HTM category for the initial period of three years and valued at cost as per RBI guidelines and

* security receipts are valued as per the NAV obtained from the issuing Reconstruction Company/ Securitisation Company.

Investments in subsidiaries/joint ventures are categorised as HTM and assessed for impairment to determine permanent diminution, if any, in accordance with the RBI guidelines.

Realised gains on investments under the HTM category are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account and subsequently appropriated to Capital Reserve account (net of taxes and transfer to statutory reserves) in accordance with the RBI guidelines. Losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

All investments are accounted for on settlement date, except investments in equity shares which are accounted for on trade date as the corporate actions are effected in equity on the trade date.

Repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions

Repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions in government securities and corporate debt securities [excluding those conducted under the Liquid Adjustment Facility (''LAF'') and Marginal Standby Facility (''MSF'') with RBI] are accounted as collateralised borrowing and lending respectively. Such transactions done under LAF and MSF are accounted as outright sale and outright purchase respectively.

Short Sales

In accordance with the RBI guidelines, the Bank undertakes short sale transactions in Central Government dated securities. The short positions are reflected in ''Securities Short Sold (''SSS'') A/c'', specifically created for this purpose. Such short positions are categorised under HFT category. These positions are marked-to- market along with the other securities under HFT portfolio and the resultant mark-to-market gains/losses are accounted for as per the relevant RBI guidelines for valuation of investments discussed earlier.

4.2 Advances

Advances are classified into performing and non-performing advances (''NPAs'') as per the RBI guidelines and are stated net of specific provisions made towards NPAs and floating provisions. Further, NPAs are classified into sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets based on the criteria stipulated by the RBI. Provisions for NPAs are made for sub-standard and doubtful assets at rates as prescribed by the RBI with the exception for agriculture advances and schematic retail advances. In respect of schematic retail advances, provisions are made in terms of a bucket-wise policy upon reaching specified stages of delinquency (90 days or more of delinquency) under each type of loan, which satisfies the RBI prudential norms on provisioning. Provisions in respect of agriculture advances classified into sub-standard and doubtful assets are made at rates which are higher than those prescribed by the RBI.

In addition to the above, the Bank on a prudential basis, makes provision for expected losses against advances or other exposures to specific assets/industry/sector either on a case-by-case basis or for a group of assets, based on specific information or general economic environment. These are classified as contingent provision and included under Schedule 5 - Other Liabilities in the Balance Sheet.

Loss assets and unsecured portion of doubtful assets are provided/written-off as per the extant RBI guidelines. NPAs are identified by periodic appraisals of the loan portfolio by the Management.

Amounts recovered against debts written-off are recognised in the Profit and Loss account.

For restructured/rescheduled assets, provision is made in accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, which requires the diminution in the fair value of the assets to be provided at the time of restructuring.

For entities with Unhedged Foreign Currency Exposure (UFCE), provision is made in accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, which requires to ascertain the amount of UFCE, estimate the extent of likely loss and estimate the riskiness of unhedged position. This provision is classified under Schedule 5 - Other Liabilities in the Balance Sheet.

The Bank maintains a general provision on standard advances at the rates prescribed by RBI. In case of overseas branches, general provision on standard advances is maintained at the higher of the levels stipulated by the respective overseas regulator or RBI.

Under its home loan portfolio, the Bank offers housing loans with certain features involving waiver of Equated Monthly Installments (''EMIs'') of a specific period subject to fulfilment of a set of conditions by the borrower. The Bank makes provision on an estimated basis against the probable loss that could be incurred in future on account of waivers to eligible borrowers in respect of such loans. This provision is classified under Schedule 5 - Other Liabilities in the Balance Sheet.

4.3 Country risk

In addition to the provisions required to be held according to the asset classification status, provisions are held for individual country exposure (other than for home country as per the RBI guidelines). The countries are categorised into seven risk categories namely insignificant, low, moderate, high, very high, restricted and off- credit and provision is made on exposures exceeding 180 days on a graded scale ranging from 0.25% to 100%. For exposures with contractual maturity of less than 180 days, 25% of the normal provision requirement is held. If the country exposure (net) of the Bank in respect of each country does not exceed 1% of the total funded assets, no provision is maintained on such country exposure.

4.4 Securtisation

The Bank enters into purchase/sale of corporate and retail loans through direct assignment/Special Purpose Vehicle (''SPV''). In most cases, post securtisation, the Bank continues to service the loans transferred to the assignee/SPV The Bank also provides credit enhancement in the form of cash collaterals and/or by subordination of cash flows to Senior Pass Through Certificate (''PTC'') holders. In respect of credit enhancements provided or recourse obligations (projected delinquencies, future servicing etc.) accepted by the Bank, appropriate provision/disclosure is made at the time of sale in accordance with AS 29, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014.

In accordance with RBI guidelines of 7 May 2012, on ''Guidelines on Securitisation of Standard Assets'', gain on securtisation transaction is recognised over the period of the underlying securities issued by the SPV as prescribed under RBI guidelines. Loss on securtisation is immediately debited to the Profit and Loss Account.

4.5 Foreign currency transactions

In respect of domestic operations, transactions denominated in foreign currencies are accounted for at the rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated at the Balance Sheet date at rates notified by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (''FEDAI''). All profits/ losses resulting from year end revaluations are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Financial statements of foreign branches classified as non-integral foreign operations as per the RBI guidelines are translated as follows:

* Assets and liabilities (both monetary and non-monetary as well as contingent liabilities) are translated at closing rates notified by FEDAI at the year end.

* Income and expenses are translated at the rates prevailing on the date of the transactions.

* All resulting exchange differences are accumulated in a separate ''Foreign Currency Translation Reserve'' till the disposal of the net investments. Any realised gains or losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Outstanding forward exchange contracts including tom/spot contracts (excluding currency swaps undertaken to hedge foreign currency assets/liabilities and funding swaps which are not revalued) are revalued at year end on PV basis by discounting the forward value till spot date and converting the FCY amount using the respective spot rates as notified by FEDAI. The resulting gains or losses on revaluation are included in the Profit and Loss Account in accordance with RBI/FEDAI guidelines.

Premium/discount on currency swaps undertaken to hedge foreign currency assets and liabilities and funding swaps is recognised as interest income/expense and is amortised on a pro-rata basis over the underlying swap period.

Contingent liabilities on account of forward exchange and derivative contracts, guarantees, acceptances, endorsements and other obligations denominated in foreign currencies are disclosed at closing rates of exchange notified by FEDAI.

4.6 Derivative transactions

Derivative transactions comprise of forward contracts, swaps and options which are disclosed as contingent liabilities. The forwards, swaps and options are categorised as trading or hedge transactions. Trading derivative contracts are revalued at the Balance Sheet date with the resulting unrealised gain or loss being recognised in the Profit and Loss Account and correspondingly in other assets or other liabilities respectively. For hedge transactions, the Bank identifies the hedged item (asset or liability) at the inception of transaction itself. The effectiveness is ascertained at the time of inception of the hedge and periodically thereafter. Hedge swaps are accounted for on accrual basis except in case of swaps designated with an asset or liability that is carried at market value or lower of cost or market value in the financial statements. In such cases the swaps are marked to market with the resulting gain or loss recorded as an adjustment to the market value of designated asset or liability. The premium on option contracts is accounted for as per FEDAI guidelines. Pursuant to the RBI guidelines any receivables under derivative contracts comprising of crystallised receivables as well as positive Mark to Market (MTM) in respect of future receivables which remain overdue for more than 90 days are reversed through the Profit and Loss account and are held in separate Suspense Account.

Currency futures contracts are marked to market using daily settlement price on a trading day, which is the closing price of the respective futures contracts on that day. While the daily settlement price is computed based on the last half an hour weighted average price of such contract, the final settlement price is taken as the RBI reference rate on the last trading day of the futures contract or as may be specified by the relevant authority from time to time. All open positions are marked to market based on the settlement price and the resultant marked to market profit/loss is daily settled with the exchange.

Valuation of Exchange Traded Currency Options (ETCO) is carried out on the basis of the daily settlement price of each individual option provided by the exchange and valuation of Interest Rate Futures (IRF) is carried out on the basis of the daily settlement price of each contract provided by the exchange.

4.7 Revenue recognition

Interest income is recognised on an accrual basis except interest income on non-performing assets, which is recognised on receipt in accordance with AS - 9, Revenue Recognition as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the RBI guidelines.

Fees and commission income is recognised when due, except for guarantee commission which is recognized on a pro-rata basis over the period of the guarantee.

Arrangership/syndication fee is accounted for on completion of the agreed service and when right to receive is established.

Dividend is accounted on an accrual basis when the right to receive the dividend is established.

Gain/loss on sell down of loans and advances through direct assignment is recognised at the time of sale.

In accordance with RBI guidelines on sale of non-performing advances, if the sale is at a price below the net book value (i.e. book value less provisions held), the shortfall is charged to the Profit and Loss Account. If the sale is for a value higher than the net book value, the excess provision is credited to the Profit and Loss Account in the year the amounts are received.

4.8 Fixed assets and depreciation/impairment

Fixed assets are carried at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Cost includes freight, duties, taxes and incidental expenses related to the acquisition and installation of the asset.

Capital work-in-progress includes cost of fixed assets that are not ready for their intended use and also includes advances paid to acquire fixed assets.

Depreciation is provided on the straight-line method from the date of addition. Till the year ended 31 March, 2014, depreciation rates prescribed under Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, were treated as minimum rates and the Bank was not allowed to charge depreciation at lower rates even if such lower rates were justified by the estimated useful life of the asset. Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, prescribes useful lives of fixed assets which, in many cases, are different from lives prescribed under the erstwhile Schedule XIV Considering the applicability of Schedule II, the management has re-estimated useful lives and residual values of all its fixed assets.

Asset Estimated useful life*

Owned premises 60 years

Computer hardware including printers 3 years

Application software 5 years

Vehicles 4 years

EPABX, telephone instruments 8 years

CCTV and video conferencing equipment 3 years

Mobile phone 2 years

Locker cabinets/cash safe/strong room door 10 years

Modem, scanner, routers, hubs, switches, racks/cabinets for IT equipment 5 years

UPS, VSAT, fax machines 5 years

Cheque book/cheque encoder, currency counting machine, fake note detector 5 years

Assets at staff residence 3 years

All other ? xed assets 10 years

* The management believes that depreciation rates currently used fairly reflect its estimate of the useful lives and residual values of fixed assets, though these rates in certain cases are different from lives prescribed under Schedule II of Companies Act, 2013.

Depreciation on assets sold during the year is recognised on a pro-rata basis to the Profit and Loss Account till the date of sale.

Profit on sale of premises is appropriated to Capital Reserve Account in accordance with RBI instructions. Change in estimated useful life of fixed assets During the year, the Bank has revised the estimated useful lives of the following fixed assets:

* Premises from 61 years to 60 years

* Locker cabinets/cash safe/strong room door from 16 years to 10 years

As a result of the aforesaid revision, the net depreciation charge for the year is higher by Rs.3.69 crores with a corresponding decrease in the net block of fixed assets.

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to ascertain if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognised wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

4.9 Lease transactions

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership over the lease term are classified as operating lease. Lease payments for assets taken on operating lease are recognised as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

4.10 Retirement and other employee benefits Provident Fund

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined benefit plan wherein the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the fund are due and when services are rendered by the employees. Further, an actuarial valuation is conducted by an independent actuary to determine the deficiency, if any, in the interest payable on the contributions as compared to the interest liability as per the statutory rate.

Gratuity

The Bank contributes towards gratuity fund (defined benefit retirement plan) administered by various insurers for eligible employees. Under this scheme, the settlement obligations remain with the Bank, although various insurers administer the scheme and determine the contribution premium required to be paid by the Bank. The plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement or termination of employment based on the respective employee''s salary and the years of employment with the Bank. Liability with regard to gratuity fund is accrued based on actuarial valuation conducted by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year. In respect of employees at overseas branches (other than expatriates) liability with regard to gratuity is provided on the basis of a prescribed method as per local laws, wherever applicable.

Compensated Absences

Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates of encashment/availment of leave. The Bank provides long term compensated absences based on actuarial valuation conducted by an independent actuary. The actuarial valuation is carried out as per the Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year.

Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the Profit and Loss Account and are not deferred.

Superannuation

Employees of the Bank are entitled to receive retirement benefits under the Bank''s Superannuation scheme either under a cash-out option through salary or under a defined contribution plan. Through the defined contribution plan, the Bank contributes annually a specified sum of 10% of the employee''s eligible annual basic salary to LIC, which undertakes to pay the lumpsum and annuity benefit payments pursuant to the scheme. Superannuation contributions are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the period in which they accrue.

4.11 Reward points

The Bank runs a loyalty program which seeks to recognize and reward customers based on their relationship with the Bank. Under the program, eligible customers are granted loyalty points redeemable in future, subject to certain conditions. In addition, the Bank continues to grant reward points in respect of certain credit cards (not covered under the loyalty program). The Bank estimates the probable redemption of such loyalty/reward points using an actuarial method at the Balance Sheet date by employing an independent actuary. Provision for the said reward points is then made based on the actuarial valuation report as furnished by the said independent actuary.

4.12 Taxation

Income tax expense is the aggregate amount of current tax and deferred tax charge. Current year taxes are determined in accordance with the Income tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws.

Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. The impact of changes in the deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Deferred tax assets are recognised and reassessed at each reporting date, based upon the Management''s judgement as to whether realisation is considered as reasonably certain. Deferred tax assets are recognised on carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation and tax losses only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax asset can be realised against future profits.

4.13 Share issue expenses

Share issue expenses are adjusted from Share Premium Account in terms of Section 52 of the Companies Act, 2013.

4.14 Earnings per share

The Bank reports basic and diluted earnings per share in accordance with AS 20, Earnings per Share, as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the year.

Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue equity shares were exercised or converted during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding at the year end.

4.15 Employee stock option scheme

The 2001 Employee Stock Option Scheme (''the Scheme'') provides for grant of stock options on equity shares of the Bank to employees and Directors of the Bank and its subsidiaries. The Scheme is in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) (Employees Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 (''the Guidelines''). These Guidelines have been repealed in the month of October, 2014 and were substituted by Securities and Exchange Board of India (Share Based Employee Benefits) Regulations, 2014. The Scheme is in compliance with the said regulations. The Bank follows the intrinsic value method to account for its stock based employee compensation plans as per the Guidelines. Options are granted at an exercise price, which is equal to/less than the fair market price of the underlying equity shares. The excess of such fair market price over the exercise price of the options as at the grant date is recognised as a deferred compensation cost and amortised on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of such options.

The fair market price is the latest available closing price, prior to the date of grant, on the stock exchange on which the shares of the Bank are listed. If the shares are listed on more than one stock exchange, then the stock exchange where there is highest trading volume on the said date is considered.

4.16 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

A provision is recognised when the Bank has a present obligation as a result of past event where it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

A disclosure of contingent liability is made when there is:

* a possible obligation arising from a past event, the existence of which will be confirmed by occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not within the control of the Bank; or

* a present obligation arising from a past event which is not recognised as it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.

When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provsion or disclosure is made.

Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognised in the period in which the change occurs.


Mar 31, 2013

1.1 Investments

Classification

In accordance with the RBI guidelines, investments are classified at the date of purchase as:

- Held for Trading (''H FT'');

- Available for Sale (''AFS''); and

- Held to Maturity (''HTM'').

Investments that are held principally for sale within a short period are classified as HFT securities. As per the RBI guidelines, HFT securities, which remain unsold for a period of 90 days are reclassified as AFS securities as on that date.

Investments that the Bank intends to hold till maturity are classified under the HTM category.

All other investments are classified as AFS securities.

However, for disclosure in the Balance Sheet, investments in India are classified under six categories - Government Securities, Other approved securities, Shares, Debentures and Bonds, Investment in Subsidiaries/Joint Ventures and Others.

Investments made outside India are classified under three categories - Government Securities, Subsidiaries and/or Joint Ventures abroad and Others.

Transfer of security between categories

Transfer of security between categories of investments is accounted as per the RBI guidelines.

Acquisition cost

Costs including brokerage, commission pertaining to investments, paid at the time of acquisition, are charged to the Profit and Loss Account.

Broken period interest is charged to the Profit and Loss Account.

Cost of investments is computed based on the weighted average cost method.

Valuation

Investments classified under the HTM category are carried at acquisition cost unless it is more than the face value, in which case the premium is amortised over the period remaining to maturity. In terms of RBI guidelines, discount on securities held under HTM category is not accrued and such securities are held at the acquisition cost till maturity.

Investments classified under the AFS and HFT categories are marked to market. The market/fair value of quoted investments included in the ''AFS'' and ''HFT'' categories is the market price of the scrip as available from the trades/ quotes on the stock exchanges or prices declared by Primary Dealers Association of India (''PDAI'') jointly with Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association of India (''FIMMDA''), periodically. Net depreciation, if any, within each category of each investment classification is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. The net appreciation if any, under each category of each investment classification is ignored. The book value of individual securities is not changed consequent to the periodic valuation of investments.

Treasury Bills, Exchange Funded Bills, Commercial Paper and Certificate of Deposits being discounted instruments, are valued at carrying cost.

Units of mutual funds are valued at the latest repurchase price/net asset value declared by the mutual fund.

Market value of investments where current quotations are not available, is determined as per the norms prescribed by the RBI as under:

- in case of unquoted bonds, debentures and preference shares where interest/dividend is received regularly (i.e. not overdue beyond 90 days), the market price is derived based on the YTM for Government Securities as published by FIMMDA/PDAI and suitably marked up for credit risk applicable to the credit rating of the instrument. The matrix for credit risk mark-up for each categories and credit ratings along with residual maturity issued by FIMMDA is adopted for this purpose;

- in case of bonds and debentures (including Pass Through Certificates) where interest is not received regularly (i.e. overdue beyond 90 days), the valuation is in accordance with prudential norms for provisioning as prescribed by RBI;

- equity shares, for which current quotations are not available or where the shares are not quoted on the stock exchanges, are valued at break-up value (without considering revaluation reserves, if any) which is ascertained from the company''s latest Balance Sheet. In case the latest Balance Sheet is not available, the shares are valued at Rs.1 per company;

- units of Venture Capital Funds (''VCF'') held under AFS category where current quotations are not available are marked to market based on the Net Asset Value (''NAV'') shown by VCF as per the latest audited financials of the fund. In case the audited financials are not available for a period beyond 18 months, the investments are valued at Rs.1 per VCF. Investment in unquoted VCF after 23 August, 2006 are categorised under HTM category for the initial period of three years and valued at cost as per RBI guidelines;

- investments in Credit Linked Notes (''CLNs''), are valued based on current quotations where the same are available. In the absence of quotes, the same are valued based on internal valuation methodology using appropriate mark-up and other estimates such as price of the underlying Foreign Currency Convertible Bond (''FCCB''), rating category of the CLN etc. and

- security receipts are valued as per the NAV obtained from the issuing Reconstruction Company/Securitisation Company.

Investments in subsidiaries/joint ventures are categorised as HTM and assessed for impairment to determine permanent diminution, if any, in accordance with the RBI guidelines.

Realised gains on investments under the HTM category are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account and subsequently appropriated to Capital Reserve account in accordance with the RBI guidelines. Losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

All investments are accounted for on settlement date except investments in equity shares which are accounted for on trade date as the corporate actions are effected in equity on the trade date.

Repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions

Repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions [excluding those conducted under the Liquid Adjustment Facility (''LAF'') with RBI] are accounted as collateralised borrowing and lending respectively. Such transactions done under LAF are accounted as outright sale and outright purchase respectively. However, depreciation in their value, if any, compared to their original cost, is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Policy for Short Sale

In accordance with RBI guidelines, the Bank undertakes short sale transactions in Central Government dated securities. The short positions are reflected in ''Securities Short Sold (''SSS'') A/c'', specifically created for this purpose. Such short positions are categorised under HFT category. These positions are marked-to-market along with the other securities under HFT portfolio and the resultant mark-to-market gains/losses are accounted for as per the relevant RBI guidelines for valuation of investments discussed earlier.

1.2 Advances

Advances are classified into performing and non-performing advances (''NPAs'') as per the RBI guidelines and are stated net of specific provisions made towards NPAs and floating provisions. Further, NPAs are classified into sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets based on the criteria stipulated by the RBI. Provisions for NPAs are made for sub-standard and doubtful assets at rates as prescribed by the RBI with the exception for agriculture advances and schematic retail advances. In respect of schematic retail advances, provisions are made in terms of a bucket-wise policy upon reaching specified stages of delinquency (90 days or more of delinquency) under each type of loan, which satisfies the RBI prudential norms on provisioning. Provisions in respect of agriculture advances classified into sub-standard and doubtful assets are made at rates which are higher than those prescribed by the RBI.

In addition to the above, the Bank on a prudential basis, makes provision for expected losses against advances or other exposures to specific assets/industry/sector either on a case-by-case basis or for a group of assets, based on specific information or general economic environment. These are classified as contingent provision and included under Schedule 5 - Other Liabilities in the Balance Sheet.

Loss assets and unsecured portion of doubtful assets are provided/written off as per the extant RBI guidelines. NPAs are identified by periodic appraisals of the loan portfolio by the Management.

Amounts recovered against debts written off are recognised in the Profit and Loss account.

For restructured/rescheduled assets, provision is made in accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, which requires the diminution in the fair value of the assets to be provided at the time of restructuring.

A general provision @ 0.25% in case of direct advances to agricultural and SME sectors, 1% in respect of advances classified as commercial real estate, 2% in respect of housing loans at teaser rates, 2.75% (previous year 2%) in respect of certain class of restructured assets and 0.40% for all other advances is made as prescribed by the RBI. In case of overseas branches, general provision on standard advances is maintained at the higher of the levels stipulated by the respective overseas regulator or RBI.

Under its home loan portfolio, the Bank offers housing loans with certain features involving waiver of Equated Monthly Installments (''EMIs'') of a specific period subject to fulfilment of a set of conditions by the borrower. The Bank makes provision on an estimated basis against the probable loss that could be incurred in future on account of waivers to eligible borrowers in respect of such loans. This provision is classified under Schedule 5 - Other Liabilities in the Balance Sheet.

1.3 Country risk

In addition to the provisions required to be held according to the asset classification status, provisions are held for individual country exposure (other than for home country as per the RBI guidelines). The countries are categorised into seven risk categories namely insignificant, low, moderate, high, very high, restricted and off-credit and provision is made on exposures exceeding 180 days on a graded scale ranging from 0.25% to 100%. For exposures with contractual maturity of less than 180 days, 25% of the normal provision requirement is held. If the country exposure (net) of the Bank in respect of each country does not exceed 1% of the total funded assets, no provision is maintained on such country exposure.

1.4 Securtisation

The Bank enters into purchase/sale of corporate and retail loans through direct assignment/Special Purpose Vehicle (''SPV''). In most cases, post securtisation, the Bank continues to service the loans transferred to the assignee/SPV. The Bank also provides credit enhancement in the form of cash collaterals and/or by subordination of cash flows to Senior Pass Through Certificate (''PTC'') holders. In respect of credit enhancements provided or recourse obligations (projected delinquencies, future servicing etc.) accepted by the Bank, appropriate provision/disclosure is made at the time of sale in accordance with AS 29, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets as notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006.

In accordance with RBI guidelines of 7 May 2012, on ''Guidelines on Securitisation of Standard Assets'', gain on securtisation transaction is recognised over the period of the underlying securities issued by the SPV as prescribed under RBI guidelines. Loss on securtisation is immediately debited to the Profit and Loss Account.

1.5 Foreign currency transactions

In respect of domestic operations, transactions denominated in foreign currencies are accounted for at the rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated at the Balance Sheet date at rates notified by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (''FEDAI''). All profits/losses resulting from year end revaluations are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Financial statements of foreign branches classified as non-integral foreign operations are translated as follows:

- Assets and liabilities (both monetary and non-monetary as well as contingent liabilities) are translated at closing rates notified by FEDAI at the year end.

- Income and expenses are translated at the rates prevailing on the date of the transactions.

- All resulting exchange differences are accumulated in a separate ''Foreign Currency Translation Reserve'' till the disposal of the net investments.

Outstanding forward exchange contracts (excluding currency swaps undertaken to hedge foreign currency assets/ liabilities and funding swaps which are not revalued) and spot exchange contracts are revalued at year end exchange rates notified by FEDAI for specified maturities and at interpolated rates for contract of interim maturities. The resulting gains or losses on revaluation are included in the Profit and Loss Account in accordance with RBI/FEDAI guidelines. The forward exchange contracts of longer maturities where exchange rates are not notified by FEDAI are revalued at the forward exchange rates implied by the swap curves in respective currencies. The resultant gains or losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Premium/discount on currency swaps undertaken to hedge foreign currency assets and liabilities and funding swaps is recognised as interest income/expense and is amortised on a pro-rata basis over the underlying swap period.

Contingent liabilities on account of foreign exchange contracts/options, guarantees, acceptances, endorsements and other obligations denominated in foreign currencies are disclosed at closing rates of exchange notified by FEDAI.

1.6 Derivative transactions

Derivative transactions comprise of forward contracts, swaps and options which are disclosed as contingent liabilities. The forwards, swaps and options are categorised as trading or hedge transactions. Trading derivative contracts are revalued at the Balance Sheet date with the resulting unrealised gain or loss being recognised in the Profit and Loss Account and correspondingly in other assets or other liabilities respectively. For hedge transactions, the Bank identifies the hedged item (asset or liability) at the inception of transaction itself. The effectiveness is ascertained at the time of inception of the hedge and periodically thereafter. Hedge swaps are accounted for on accrual basis except in case of swaps designated with an asset or liability that is carried at market value or lower of cost or market value in the financial statements. In such cases the swaps are marked to market with the resulting gain or loss recorded as an adjustment to the market value of designated asset or liability. The premium on option contracts is accounted for as per FEDAI guidelines. Pursuant to the RBI guidelines any receivables under derivative contracts comprising of crystallised receivables as well as positive Mark to Market (MTM) in respect of future receivables which remain overdue for more than 90 days are reversed through the Profit and Loss account and are held in separate Suspense account.

Currency futures contracts are marked to market using daily settlement price on a trading day, which is the closing price of the respective futures contracts on that day. While the daily settlement price is computed based on the last half an hour weighted average price of such contract, the final settlement price is taken as the RBI reference rate on the last trading day of the futures contract or as may be specified by the relevant authority from time to time. All open positions are marked to market based on the settlement price and the resultant marked to market profit/loss is daily settled with the exchange.

Valuation of Exchange Traded Currency Options (ETCO) is carried out on the basis of the daily settlement price of each individual option provided by the exchange.

1.7 Revenue recognition

Interest income is recognised on an accrual basis except interest income on non-performing assets, which is recognised on receipt in accordance with AS-9, Revenue Recognition as notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and the RBI guidelines.

Fees and commission income is recognised when due, except for guarantee commission which is recognised pro-rata over the period of the guarantee.

Arrangership/syndication fee is accounted for on completion of the agreed service and when right to receive is established.

Dividend is accounted on an accrual basis when the right to receive the dividend is established.

Gain/loss on sell down of loans and advances through direct assignment is recognised at the time of sale.

Gain or loss arising on sale of NPAs is accounted as per the guidelines prescribed by the RBI, which require provisions to be made for any deficit (where sale price is lower than the net book value), while surplus (where sale price is higher than the net book value) is ignored.

1.8 Fixed assets and depreciation

Fixed assets are carried at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Cost includes freight, duties, taxes and incidental expenses related to the acquisition and installation of the asset.

Capital work-in-progress includes cost of fixed assets that are not ready for their intended use and also includes advances paid to acquire fixed assets.

Depreciation is provided on the straight-line method from the date of addition. The rates of depreciation prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 are considered as the minimum rates. If the Management''s estimate of the useful life of a fixed asset at the time of acquisition of the asset or of the remaining useful life on a subsequent review is shorter, then depreciation is provided at a higher rate based on the Management''s estimate of the useful life/remaining useful life. Pursuant to this policy, depreciation has been provided using the following estimated useful lives:

All fixed assets individually costing less than Rs.5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of installation.

Depreciation on assets sold during the year is recognised on a pro-rata basis to the Profit and Loss Account till the date of sale.

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to ascertain if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognised wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

Profit on sale of premises is appropriated to Capital Reserve Account in accordance with RBI instructions.

1.9 Lease transactions

Assets given on operating lease are capitalised at cost. Rentals received by the Bank are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account on accrual basis.

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership over the lease term are classified as operating lease. Lease payments for assets taken on operating lease are recognised as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

1.10 Retirement and other employee benefits Provident Fund

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined benefit plan wherein the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the fund are due. Further, an actuarial valuation is conducted by an independent actuary to determine the deficiency, if any, in the interest payable on the contributions as compared to the interest liability as per the statutory rate.

Gratuity

The Bank contributes towards gratuity fund (defined benefit retirement plan) administered by various insurers for eligible employees. Under this scheme, the settlement obligations remain with the Bank, although various insurers administer the scheme and determine the contribution premium required to be paid by the Bank. The plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement or termination of employment based on the respective employee''s salary and the years of employment with the Bank. Liability with regard to gratuity fund is accrued based on actuarial valuation conducted by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year. In respect of employees at overseas branches (other than expats) liability with regard to gratuity is provided on the basis of a prescribed method as per local laws, wherever applicable.

Leave Encashment

Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates. The Bank provides leave encashment benefit (long term), which is a defined benefit scheme based on actuarial valuation conducted by an independent actuary. The actuarial valuation is carried out as per the Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year.

Superannuation

Employees of the Bank are entitled to receive retirement benefits under the Bank''s Superannuation scheme either under a cash-out option through salary or under a defined contribution plan. Through the defined contribution plan, the Bank contributes annually a specified sum of 10% of the employee''s eligible annual basic salary to LIC, which undertakes to pay the lumpsum and annuity benefit payments pursuant to the scheme. Superannuation contributions are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the period in which they accrue.

Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the Profit and Loss Account and are not deferred.

1.11 Debit/Credit card reward points

The Bank estimates the probable redemption of debit and credit card reward points using an actuarial method at the Balance Sheet date by employing an independent actuary. Provision for the said reward points is then made based on the actuarial valuation report as furnished by the said independent actuary.

1.12 Taxation

Income tax expense is the aggregate amount of current tax and deferred tax charge. Current year taxes are determined in accordance with the Income tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws.

Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. The impact of changes in the deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Deferred tax assets are recognised and reassessed at each reporting date, based upon the Management''s judgement as to whether realisation is considered as reasonably certain. Deferred tax assets are recognised on carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation and tax losses only if there is virtual certainty that such deferred tax asset can be realised against future profits.

1.13 Share issue expenses

Share issue expenses are adjusted from Share Premium Account in terms of Section 78 of the Companies Act, 1956.

1.14 Earnings per share

The Bank reports basic and diluted earnings per share in accordance with AS-20, Earnings per Share, as notified by the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the year.

Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue equity shares were exercised or converted during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding at the year end.

1.15 Employee stock option scheme

The 2001 Employee Stock Option Scheme (''the Scheme'') provides for grant of stock options on equity shares of the Bank to employees and Directors of the Bank and its subsidiaries. The Scheme is in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) (Employees Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999. The Bank follows the intrinsic value method to account for its stock based employee compensation plans as per the Guidance Note on ''Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments'' issued by the ICAI. Options are granted at an exercise price, which is equal to/less than the fair market price of the underlying equity shares. The excess of such fair market price over the exercise price of the options as at the grant date is recognised as a deferred compensation cost and amortised on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of such options.

The fair market price is the latest available closing price, prior to the date of grant, on the stock exchange on which the shares of the Bank are listed. If the shares are listed on more than one stock exchange, then the stock exchange where there is highest trading volume on the said date is considered.

1.16 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

A provision is recognised when the Bank has a present obligation as a result of past event where it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

A disclosure of contingent liability is made when there is:

- a possible obligation arising from a past event, the existence of which will be confirmed by occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not within the control of the Bank; or

- a present obligation arising from a past event which is not recognised as it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.

When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognised in the period in which the change occurs.


Mar 31, 2012

1 Background

Axis Bank Limited ('the Bank') was incorporated in 1993 and provides a complete suite of corporate and retail banking products.

2 Basis of preparation

The financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis of accounting, and comply with the generally accepted accounting principles, statutory requirements prescribed under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, the circulars and guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India ('RBI') from time to time and the Accounting Standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, to the extent applicable and current practices prevailing within the banking industry in India.

3 Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Any revisions to the accounting estimates are recognised prospectively in the current and future periods.

4 Change in accounting estimates

Change in estimated useful life of fixed assets

During the year, the Bank has revised the estimated useful life of certain fixed assets viz; cheque book encoder, currency counting machine, cheque encoder, fax machine/telex, fake note detector, UPS, VSAT and scrollers from 10 years to 5 years. As a result of the aforesaid revision, the net depreciation charge for the year is higher by Rs22.17 crores with a corresponding decrease in the net block of the fixed assets.

5.1 Investments

Classification

In accordance with the RBI guidelines, investments are classified at the date of purchase as:

- Held for Trading ('HFT');

- Available for Sale ('AFS'); and

- Held to Maturity ('HTM').

Investments that are held principally for sale within a short period are classified as HFT securities. As per the RBI guidelines, HFT securities, which remain unsold for a period of 90 days are reclassified as AFS securities as on that date.

Investments that the Bank intends to hold till maturity are classified under the HTM category.

All other investments are classified as AFS securities.

However, for disclosure in the Balance Sheet, investments in India are classified under six categories - Government Securities, Other approved securities, Shares, Debentures and Bonds, Investment in Subsidiaries/Joint Ventures and Others.

Investments made outside India are classified under three categories - Government Securities, Subsidiaries and/or Joint Ventures abroad and Others.

Transfer of security between categories

Transfer of security between categories of investments is accounted as per the RBI guidelines.

Acquisition cost

Costs including brokerage, commission pertaining to investments, paid at the time of acquisition, are charged to the Profit and Loss Account.

Broken period interest is charged to the Profit and Loss Account.

Cost of investments is computed based on the weighted average cost method.

Valuation

Investments classified under the HTM category are carried at acquisition cost unless it is more than the face value, in which case the premium is amortised over the period remaining to maturity. In terms of RBI guidelines, discount on securities held under HTM category is not accrued and such securities are held at the acquisition cost till maturity.

Investments classified under the AFS and HFT categories are marked to market. The market/fair value of quoted investments included in the 'AFS' and 'HFT' categories is the market price of the scrip as available from the trades/ quotes on the stock exchanges or prices declared by Primary Dealers Association of India ('PDAI') jointly with Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association of India ('FIMMDA'), periodically. Net depreciation, if any, within each category of each investment classification is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. The net appreciation if any, under each category of each investment classification is ignored. The book value of individual securities is not changed consequent to the periodic valuation of investments.

Treasury Bills, Exchange Funded Bills, Commercial Paper and Certificate of Deposits being discounted instruments, are valued at carrying cost.

Units of mutual funds are valued at the latest repurchase price/net asset value declared by the mutual fund.

Market value of investments where current quotations are not available, is determined as per the norms prescribed by the RBI as under:

- in case of unquoted bonds, debentures and preference shares where interest/dividend is received regularly (i.e. not overdue beyond 90 days), the market price is derived based on the YTM for Government Securities as published by FIMMDA/PDAI and suitably marked up for credit risk applicable to the credit rating of the instrument. The matrix for credit risk mark-up for each categories and credit ratings along with residual maturity issued by FIMMDA is adopted for this purpose;

- in case of bonds and debentures (including Pass Through Certificates) where interest is not received regularly (i.e. overdue beyond 90 days), the valuation is in accordance with prudential norms for provisioning as prescribed by RBI;

- equity shares, for which current quotations are not available or where the shares are not quoted on the stock exchanges, are valued at break-up value (without considering revaluation reserves, if any) which is ascertained from the company's latest Balance Sheet. In case the latest Balance Sheet is not available, the shares are valued at Re 1 per company;

- units of Venture Capital Funds (VCF) held under AFS category where current quotations are not available are marked to market based on the Net Asset Value (NAV) shown by VCF as per the latest audited financials of the fund. In case the audited financials are not available for a period beyond 18 months, the investments are valued at Re 1 per VCF. Investment in unquoted VCF after 23rd August, 2006 are categorised under HTM category for the initial period of three years and valued at cost as per RBI guidelines;

- investments in Credit Linked Notes ('CLNs'), are valued based on current quotations where the same are available. In the absence of quotes, the same are valued based on internal valuation methodology using appropriate mark- up and other estimates such as price of the underlying Foreign Currency Convertible Bond (FCCB), rating category of the CLN etc. and

- security receipts are valued as per the Net Asset Value (NAV) obtained from the issuing Reconstruction Company /Securitisation Company.

Investments in subsidiaries/joint ventures are categorised as HTM and assessed for impairment to determine permanent diminution, if any, in accordance with the RBI guidelines.

Realised gains on investments under the HTM category are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account and subsequently appropriated to Capital Reserve account in accordance with the RBI guidelines. Losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

All investments are accounted for on settlement date except investments in equity shares which are accounted for on trade date as the corporate actions are effected in equity on the trade date.

Repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions

Repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions [excluding those conducted under the Liquid Adjustment Facility (LAF) with RBI] are accounted as collateralised borrowing and lending respectively. Such transactions done under LAF are accounted as outright sale and outright purchase respectively. However, depreciation in their value, if any, compared to their original cost, is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

5.2 Advances

Advances are classified into performing and non-performing advances ('NPAs') as per the RBI guidelines and are stated net of specific provisions made towards NPAs and floating provisions. Further, NPAs are classified into sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets based on the criteria stipulated by the RBI. Provisions for NPAs are made for sub-standard and doubtful assets at rates as prescribed by the RBI with the exception for agriculture advances and schematic retail advances. In respect of schematic retail advances, provisions are made in terms of a bucket-wise policy upon reaching specified stages of delinquency (90 days or more of delinquency) under each type of loan, which satisfies the RBI prudential norms on provisioning. Provisions in respect of agriculture advances classified into sub-standard and doubtful assets are made at rates which are higher than those prescribed by the RBI.

Loss assets and unsecured portion of doubtful assets are provided/written off as per the extant RBI guidelines. NPAs are identified by periodic appraisals of the loan portfolio by the Management.

Amounts recovered against debts written off are recognised in the profit and loss account.

For restructured/rescheduled assets, provision is made in accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, which requires the diminution in the fair value of the assets to be provided at the time of restructuring.

A general provision @ 0.25% in case of direct advances to agricultural and SME sectors, 1% in respect of advances classified as commercial real estate, 2% in respect of housing loans at teaser rates and certain class of restructured assets and 0.40% for all other advances is made as prescribed by the RBI.

5.3 Country risk

In addition to the provisions required to be held according to the asset classification status, provisions are held for individual country exposure (other than for home country). The countries are categorised into seven risk categories namely insignificant, low, moderate, high, very high, restricted and off-credit and provision is made on exposures exceeding 180 days on a graded scale ranging from 0.25% to 100%. For exposures with contractual maturity of less than 180 days, 25% of the normal provision requirement is held. If the country exposure (net) of the Bank in respect of each country does not exceed 1 % of the total funded assets, no provision is maintained on such country exposure.

5.4 Securtisation

The Bank enters into purchase/sale of corporate and retail loans through direct assignment/Special Purpose Vehicle ('SPV'). In most cases, post securtisation, the Bank continues to service the loans transferred to the assignee/SPV. The Bank also provides credit enhancement in the form of cash collaterals and/or by subordination of cash flows to Senior Pass Through Certificate ('PTC') holders. In respect of credit enhancements provided or recourse obligations (projected delinquencies, future servicing etc.) accepted by the Bank, appropriate provision/disclosure is made at the time of sale in accordance with AS 29, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets as notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006.

In accordance with RBI guidelines of 2nd February 2006, on 'Guidelines on Securitisation of Standard Assets', gain on securtisation transactions is recognised over the period of the underlying securities issued by the SPV. Loss on securtisation is immediately debited to the Profit and Loss Account.

5.5 Foreign currency transactions

In respect of domestic operations, transactions denominated in foreign currencies are accounted for at the rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated at the Balance Sheet date at rates notified by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India ('FEDAI'). All profits/losses resulting from year end revaluations are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Financial statements of foreign branches classified as non-integral foreign operations are translated as follows:

- Assets and liabilities (both monetary and non-monetary as well as contingent liabilities) are translated at closing rates notified by FEDAI at the year end.

- Income and expenses are translated at the rates prevailing on the date of the transactions.

- All resulting exchange differences are accumulated in a separate 'Foreign Currency Translation Reserve' till the disposal of the net investments.

Outstanding forward exchange contracts (excluding currency swaps undertaken to hedge foreign currency assets/ liabilities and funding swaps which are not revalued) and spot exchange contracts are revalued at year end exchange rates notified by FEDAI for specified maturities and at interpolated rates for contracts of interim maturities. The resulting gains or losses on revaluation are included in the Profit and Loss Account in accordance with RBI/FEDAI guidelines. The forward exchange contracts of longer maturities where exchange rates are not notified by FEDAI are revalued at the forward exchange rates implied by the swap curves in respective currencies. The resultant gains or losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Premium/discount on currency swaps undertaken to hedge foreign currency assets and liabilities and funding swaps is recognised as interest income/expense and is amortised on a pro-rata basis over the underlying swap period.

Currency futures contracts are marked to market using daily settlement price on a trading day, which is the closing price of the respective futures contracts on that day. While the daily settlement price is computed based on the last half an hour weighted average price of such contract, the final settlement price is taken as the RBI reference rate on the last trading day of the futures contract or as may be specified by the relevant authority from time to time. All open positions are marked to market based on the settlement price and the resultant marked to market profit/loss is daily settled with the exchange.

Valuation of Exchange Traded Currency Options (ETCO) is carried out on the basis of the daily settlement price of each individual option provided by the exchange.

Contingent liabilities on account of foreign exchange contracts/options, guarantees, acceptances, endorsements and other obligations denominated in foreign currencies are disclosed at closing rates of exchange notified by FEDAI.

5.6 Derivative transactions

Derivative transactions comprise of forward contracts, swaps and options which are disclosed as contingent liabilities. The forwards, swaps and options are categorised as trading or hedge transactions. Trading derivative contracts are revalued at the Balance Sheet date with the resulting unrealised gain or loss being recognised in the Profit and Loss Account and correspondingly in other assets or other liabilities respectively. For hedge transactions, the Bank identifies the hedged item (asset or liability) at the inception of transaction itself. The effectiveness is ascertained at the time of inception of the hedge and periodically thereafter. Hedge swaps are accounted for on accrual basis except in case of swaps designated with an asset or liability that is carried at market value or lower of cost or market value in the financial statements. In such cases the swaps are marked to market with the resulting gain or loss recorded as an adjustment to the market value of designated asset or liability. The premium on option contracts is accounted for as per Foreign Exchange Dealers' Association of India guidelines. Pursuant to the RBI guidelines any receivables under derivative contracts comprising of crystallised receivables as well as positive Mark to Market (MTM) in respect of future receivables which remain overdue for more than 90 days are reversed through the profit and loss account and are held in separate Suspense account.

5.7 Revenue recognition

Interest income is recognised on an accrual basis except interest income on non-performing assets, which is recognised on receipt in accordance with AS-9, Revenue Recognition as notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and the RBI guidelines.

Fees and commission income is recognised when due, except for guarantee commission which is recognised pro-rata over the period of the guarantee.

Dividend is accounted on an accrual basis when the right to receive the dividend is established.

Gain/loss on sell down of loans and advances through direct assignment is recognised at the time of sale.

Gain or loss arising on sale of NPAs is accounted as per the guidelines prescribed by the RBI, which require provisions to be made for any deficit (where sale price is lower than the net book value), while surplus (where sale price is higher than the net book value) is ignored.

Arrangership/syndication fee is accounted for on completion of the agreed service and when right to receive is established.

5.8 Fixed assets and depreciation

Fixed assets are carried at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Cost includes freight, duties, taxes and incidental expenses related to the acquisition and installation of the asset.

Capital work-in-progress includes cost of fixed assets that are not ready for their intended use and also includes advances paid to acquire fixed assets.

Depreciation is provided on the straight-line method from the date of addition. The rates of depreciation prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 are considered as the minimum rates. If the Management's estimate of the useful life of a fixed asset at the time of acquisition of the asset or of the remaining useful life on a subsequent review is shorter, then depreciation is provided at a higher rate based on the Management's estimate of the useful life/remaining useful life. Pursuant to this policy, depreciation has been provided using the following estimated useful life:

All fixed assets individually costing less than Rs5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of installation.

Depreciation on assets sold during the year is recognised on a pro-rata basis to the Profit and Loss Account till the date of sale.

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to ascertain if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognised wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset's net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

Profit on sale of premises is appropriated to Capital Reserve Account in accordance with RBI instructions.

5.9 Lease transactions

Assets given on operating lease are capitalised at cost. Rentals received by the Bank are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account on accrual basis.

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership over the lease term are classified as operating lease. Lease payments for assets taken on operating lease are recognised as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

5.10 Retirement and other employee benefits Provident Fund

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined benefit plan wherein the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the fund are due. Further, an actuarial valuation is conducted by an independent actuary to determine the deficiency, if any, in the interest payable on the contributions as compared to the interest liability as per the statutory rate.

Gratuity

The Bank contributes towards gratuity fund (defined benefit retirement plan) administered by the Life Insurance Corporation of India ('LIC'), Metlife Insurance Company Limited ('Metlife'), HDFC Standard Life Insurance Company Limited ('HDFC Life'), ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited ('ICICI Pru') and Bajaj Life Insurance Company Limited ('BLIC') for eligible employees. Under this scheme, the settlement obligations remain with the Bank, although LIC/Metlife/HDFC Life/ICICI Pru/BLIC administer the scheme and determine the contribution premium required to be paid by the Bank. The plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement or termination of employment based on the respective employee's salary and the years of employment with the Bank. Liability with regard to gratuity fund is accrued based on actuarial valuation conducted by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year.

Leave Encashment

Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates. The Bank provides leave encashment benefit (long term), which is a defined benefit scheme based on actuarial valuation conducted by an independent actuary. The actuarial valuation is carried out as per the Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year.

Superannuation

Employees of the Bank are entitled to receive retirement benefits under the Bank's Superannuation scheme either under a cash-out option through salary or under a defined contribution plan. Through the defined contribution plan, the Bank contributes annually a specified sum of 10% of the employee's eligible annual basic salary to LIC, which undertakes to pay the lump sum and annuity benefit payments pursuant to the scheme. Superannuation contributions are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the period in which they accrue.

Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the Profit and Loss Account and are not deferred.

5.11 Debit/Credit card reward points

The Bank estimates the probable redemption of debit and credit card reward points using an actuarial method at the Balance Sheet date by employing an independent actuary. Provision for the said reward points is then made based on the actuarial valuation report as furnished by the said independent actuary.

5.12 Taxation

Income tax expense is the aggregate amount of current tax and deferred tax charge. Current year taxes are determined in accordance with the Income tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws.

Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. The impact of changes in the deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Deferred tax assets are recognised and reassessed at each reporting date, based upon the Management's judgement as to whether realisation is considered as reasonably certain. Deferred tax assets are recognised on carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation and tax losses only if there is virtual certainty that such deferred tax asset can be realised against future profits.

5.13 Share issue expenses

Share issue expenses are adjusted from Share Premium Account in terms of Section 78 of the Companies Act, 1956.

5.14 Earnings per share

The Bank reports basic and diluted earnings per share in accordance with AS 20, Earnings per Share, as notified by the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the year.

Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue equity shares were exercised or converted during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding at the year end.

5.15 Employee stock option scheme

The 2001 Employee Stock Option Scheme ('the Scheme') provides for grant of stock options on equity shares of the Bank to employees and Directors of the Bank and its subsidiaries. The Scheme is in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) (Employees Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999. The Bank follows the intrinsic value method to account for its stock based employee compensation plans as per the Guidance Note on 'Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments' issued by the ICAI. Options are granted at an exercise price, which is equal to/less than the fair market price of the underlying equity shares. The excess of such fair market price over the exercise price of the options as at the grant date is recognised as a deferred compensation cost and amortised on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of such options.

The fair market price is the latest available closing price, prior to the date of grant, on the stock exchange on which the shares of the Bank are listed. If the shares are listed on more than one stock exchange, then the stock exchange where there is highest trading volume on the said date is considered.

5.16 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

A provision is recognised when the Bank has a present obligation as a result of past event where it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

A disclosure of contingent liability is made when there is:

- a possible obligation arising from a past event, the existence of which will be confirmed by occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not within the control of the Bank; or

- a present obligation arising from a past event which is not recognised as it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.

When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognised in the period in which the change occurs.


Mar 31, 2011

1 Background

Axis Bank Limited (the Bank) was incorporated in 1993 and provides a complete suite of corporate and retail banking products.

2 Basis of preparation

The financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis of accounting, and comply with the generally accepted accounting principles, statutory requirements prescribed under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, the circulars and guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) from time to time and the Accounting Standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, to the extent applicable and current practices prevailing within the banking industry in India.

3 Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Any revisions to the accounting estimates are recognised prospectively in the current and future periods.

4 Changes in accounting estimates

4.1 Change in estimated useful life of fixed assets

During the year, the Bank has revised the estimated useful lifes of the following types of fixed assets:

- Modems, scanners, routers, hubs and switches from 10 years to 5 years

- Video conferencing equipment and printers from 10 years to 3 years

- Racks/cabinets for IT equipment from 16 years to 5 years

- Owned premises from 20 years to 61 years

As a result of tie aforesaid revisions, the net depreciation charge for the year is higher by ^16.22 crores with a corresponding decrease in the net block of fixed assets.

4.2 Change in estimate of lease term for operating leases

During the current year, the Bank has revised its estimate of lease term in the case of assets taken on operating leases to include the secondary period of the lease involving further payment of lease rentals based on continuation of the lease at the option of the Bank, as against the primary lease period as considered hitherto. As a result the operating expenses for the year are higher by Rs.93.04 crores with a consequent reduction to the profit before tax.

5.1 Investments

Classification

In accordance with the RBI guidelines, investments are classified at the date of purchase as:

- Held for Trading (HFT);

- Available for Sale (AFS); and

- Held to Maturity (HTM).

Investments that are held principally for sale within a short period are classified as HFT securities. As per the RBI guidelines, HFT securities, which remain unsold for a period of 90 days are reclassified as AFS securities as on that date.

Investments that the Bank intends to hold till maturity are classified under the HTM category.

All other investments are classified as AFS securities.

However, for disclosure in the Balance Sheet, investments in India are classified under six categories - Government Securities, Other approved securities, Shares, Debentures and Bonds, Investment in Subsidiaries/Joint Ventures and Others.

Investments made outside India are classified under three categories - Government Securities, Subsidiaries and/or Joint Ventures abroad and Others.

Transfer of security between categories

Transfer of security between categories of investments is accounted as per the RBI guidelines.

Acquisition cost

Costs including brokerage, commission pertaining to investments, paid at the time of acquisition, are charged to the Profit and Loss Account.

Broken period interest is charged to the Profit and Loss Account.

Cost of investments is computed based on the weighted average cost method.

Valuation

Investments classified under the HTM category are carried at acquisition cost. Any premium on acquisition over face value is amortised on a constant yield to maturity basis over the remaining period to maturity. In terms of RBI guidelines, discount on securities held under HTM category is not accrued and such securities are held at the acquisition cost till maturity.

Investments classified under the AFS and HFT categories are marked to market. The market/fair value of quoted investments included in the Available for Sale and Held for Trading categories is the market price of the scrip as available from the trades/quotes on the stock exchanges, SGL account transactions, price list of RBI or prices declared by Primary Dealers Association of India (PDAI) jointly with Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association of India (FIMMDA), periodically. Net depreciation, if any, within each category of each investment classification is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. The net appreciation if any, under each category of each investment classification is ignored. The book value of individual securities is not changed consequent to the periodic valuation of investments.

Treasury Bills, Exchange Funded Bills, Commercial Paper and Certificate of Deposits being discounted instruments, are valued at carrying cost.

Units of mutual funds are valued at the latest repurchase price/net asset value declared by the mutual fund.

Market value of investments where current quotations are not available, is determined as per the norms prescribed by the RBI as under:

- market value of unquoted Government Securities is derived based on the Prices/Yield to Maturity (YTM) rate for Government Securities of equivalent maturity as notified by FIMMDA jointly with the PDAI at periodic intervals;

- in case of Central Government Securities, which do not qualify for SLR requirement, the market price is derived by adding the appropriate mark up to the Base Yield Curve of Central Government Securities as notified by FIMMDA;

- market value of unquoted State Government Securities is derived by adding the appropriate mark up above the Base Yield Curve of the Central Government Securities of equivalent maturity as notified by the FIMMD/V PDAI at periodic intervals;

- in case of unquoted bonds, debentures and preference shares where interest/dividend is received regularly, the market price is derived based on the YTM for Government Securities as notified by FIMMDA/PDAI and suitably marked up for credit risk applicable to the credit rating of the instrument. The matrix for credit risk mark-up for each categories and credit ratings along with residual maturity issued by FIMMDA is adopted for this purpose;

- in case of preference shares where dividend is not received regularly, the price derived on the basis of YTM is discounted in accordance with the RBI guidelines;

- in case of bonds and debentures (including PTCs) where interest is not received regularly, the valuation is in accordance with prudential norms for provisioning as prescribed by RBI;

- equity shares, for which current quotations are not available or where the shares are not quoted on the stock exchanges, are valued at break-up value (without considering revaluation reserves, if any) which is ascertained from the companys latest Balance Sheet. In case the latest Balance Sheet is not available, the shares are valued at Re. 1 per company;

- units of Venture Capital Funds (VCF) held under AFS category where current quotations are not available are marked to market based on the Net Asset Value (NAV) shown by VCF as per the latest audited financials of the fund. In case the audited financials are not available for a period beyond 18 months, the investments are valued at Re.1 per VCF. Investment in unquoted VCF after 23 August, 2006 are categorised under HTM category for the initial period of three years and valued at cost as per RBI guidelines; and

- investments in Credit Linked Notes (CLNs), are valued based on current quotations where the same are available. In the absence of quotes, the same are valued based on internal valuation methodology using appropriate mark-up and other estimates such as price of the underlying Foreign Currency Convertible Bond (FCCB), rating category of the CLN etc.

Investments in subsidiaries/joint ventures are categorised as HTM and assessed for impairment to determine permanent diminution, if any, in accordance with the RBI guidelines.

Realised gains on investments under the HTM category are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account and subsequently appropriated to Capital Reserve account in accordance with the RBI guidelines. Losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

All investments are accounted for on settlement date except investments in equity shares which are accounted for on trade date as the corporate actions are effected in equity on the trade date.

Repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions

Repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions [excluding those conducted under the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) with RBI] are accounted as collateralised borrowing and lending respectively. Such transactions done under LAF are accounted as outright sale and outright purchase respectively. However, depreciation in their value, if any, compared to their original cost, is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

5.2 Advances

Advances are classified into performing and non-performing advances (NPAs) as per the RBI guidelines and are stated net of specific provisions made towards NPAs and floating provisions. Further, NPAs are classified into sub- standard, doubtful and loss assets based on the criteria stipulated by the RBI. Provisions for NPAs are made for sub-standard and doubtful assets at rates as prescribed by the RBI with the exception for agriculture advances and schematic retail advances. In respect of schematic retail advances, provisions are made in terms of a bucket-wise policy upon reaching specified stages of delinquency (90 days or more of delinquency) under each type of loan, which satisfies the RBI prudential norms on provisioning. Provisions in respect of agriculture advances classified into sub-standard and doubtful assets are made at rates which are higher than those prescribed by the RBI.

Loss assets and unsecured portion of doubtful assets are provided/written off as per the extant RBI guidelines. NPAs are identified by periodic appraisals of the loan portfolio by the Management.

For restructured/rescheduled assets, provision is made in accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, which requires the diminution in the fair value of the assets to be provided at the time of restructuring.

A general provision @ 0.25% in case of direct advances to agricultural and SME sectors, 1 % in respect of advances classified as commercial real estate, 2% in respect of housing loans at teaser rates and 0.40% for all other advances is made as prescribed by the RBI.

5.3 Country risk

In addition to the provisions required to be held according to the asset classification status, provisions are held for individual country exposure (other than for home country). The countries are categorised into seven risk categories namely insignificant, low, moderate, high, very high, restricted and off-credit and provision is made on exposures exceeding 180 days on a graded scale ranging from 0.25% to 100%. For exposures with contractual maturity of less than 180 days, 25% of the normal provision requirement is held. If the country exposure (net) of the Bank in respect of each country does not exceed 1 % of the total funded assets, no provision is maintained on such country exposure.

5.4 Securtisation

The Bank enters into purchase/sale of corporate and retail loans through direct assignment/Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV"). In most cases, post securtisation, the Bank continues to service the loans transferred to the assignee/SPV. The Bank also provides credit enhancement in the form of cash collaterals and/or by subordination of cash flows to Senior Pass Through Certificate (PTC) holders. In respect of credit enhancements provided or recourse obligations (projected delinquencies, future servicing etc.) accepted by the Bank, appropriate provision/disclosure is made at the time of sale in accordance with AS 29, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets.

Gain on securtisation transaction is recognized over the period of the underlying securities issued by the SPV. Loss on securtisation is immediately debited to the Profit and Loss Account.

5.5 Foreign currency transactions

In respect of domestic operations, transactions denominated in foreign currencies are accounted for at the rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated at the Balance Sheet date at rates notified by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (FEDAI). All profits/losses resulting from year end revaluations are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Financial statements of foreign branches classified as non-integral foreign operations are translated as follows:

- Assets and liabilities (both monetary and non-monetary as well as contingent liabilities) are translated at closing rates notified by FEDAI at the year end.

- Income and expenses are translated at the rates prevailing on the date of the transactions.

- All resulting exchange differences are accumulated in a separate Foreign Currency Translation Reserve till the disposal of the net investments.

Outstanding forward exchange contracts (excluding currency swaps undertaken to hedge foreign currency assets/ liabilities and funding swaps which are not revalued) and spot exchange contracts are revalued at year end exchange rates notified by FEDAI for specified maturities and at interpolated rates for contract of interim maturities. The resulting gains or losses on revaluation are included in the Profit and Loss Account in accordance with RBI/FEDAI guidelines. The forward exchange contracts of longer maturities where exchange rates are not notified by FEDAI are revalued at the forward exchange rates implied by the swap curves in respective currencies. The resultant gains or losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Premium/discount on currency swaps undertaken to hedge foreign currency assets and liabilities and funding swaps is recognised as interest income/expense and is amortised on a pro-rata basis over the underlying swap period.

Contingent liabilities on account of foreign exchange contracts/options, guarantees, acceptances, endorsements and other obligations denominated in foreign currencies are disclosed at closing rates of exchange notified by FEDAI.

5.6 Derivative transactions

Derivative transactions comprise of forward contracts, swaps and options which are disclosed as contingent liabilities. The forwards, swaps and options are segregated as trading or hedge transactions. Trading derivative contracts are revalued at the Balance Sheet date with the resulting unrealised gain or loss being recognised in the Profit and Loss Account and correspondingly in other assets or other liabilities respectively. For hedge transactions, the Bank identifies the hedged item (asset or liability) at the inception of transaction itself. The effectiveness is ascertained at the time of inception of the hedge and periodically thereafter. Hedge derivative transactions are accounted for pursuant to the principles of hedge accounting. The premium on option contracts is accounted for as per FEDAI guidelines. Pursuant to the RBI guidelines any receivables under derivatives contracts which remain overdue for more than 90 days are reversed through the Profit and Loss Account and are held in a separate Suspense Account.

5.7 Revenue recognition

Interest income is recognised on an accrual basis except interest income on non-performing assets, which is recognised on receipt in accordance with Accounting Standard 9 and the RBI guidelines.

Fees and commission income is recognised when due, except for guarantee commission which is recognised pro- rata over the period of the guarantee.

Dividend is accounted on an accrual basis when the right to receive the dividend is established.

Gain/loss on sell down of loans and advances through direct assignment is recognised at the time of sale.

Gain or loss arising on sale of NPAs is accounted as per the guidelines prescribed by the RBI, which require provisions to be made for any deficit (where sale price is lower than the net book value), while surplus (where sale price is higher than the net book value) is ignored.

Arrangership/syndication fee is accounted for on completion of the agreed service and when right to receive is established.

5.8 Fixed assets and depreciation

Fixed assets are carried at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Cost includes freight, duties, taxes and incidental expenses related to the acquisition and installation of the asset.

Capital work-in-progress includes cost of fixed assets that are not ready for their intended use and also includes advances paid to acquire fixed assets.

Depreciation (including on assets given on operating lease) is provided on the straight-line method from the date of addition. The rates of depreciation prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 are considered as the minimum rates. If the Managements estimate of the useful life of a fixed asset at the time of acquisition of the asset or of the remaining useful life on a subsequent review is shorter, then depreciation is provided at a higher rate based on the Managements estimate of the useful life/remaining useful life. Pursuant to this policy, depreciation has been provided using the following estimated useful lives:

All fixed assets individually costing less than ^5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of installation.

Depreciation on assets sold during the year is recognised on a pro-rata basis to the Profit and Loss Account till the date of sale.

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to ascertain if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognised wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

5.9 Lease transactions

Assets given on operating lease are capitalised at cost. Rentals received by the Bank are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account on accrual basis.

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership over the lease term are classified as operating lease. Lease payments for assets taken on operating lease are recognised as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

5.10 Retiremen t and other employee benefits

Provident Fund

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the fund are due. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the trust.

Gratuity

The Bank contributes towards gratuity fund (defined benefit retirement plan) administered by the Life Insurance Corporation of India CLIO), Metlife Insurance Company Limited (Metlife), HDFC Standard Life Insurance Company Limited (HDFC Life) and ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited (ICICI Pru) for eligible employees. Under this scheme, the settlement obligations remain with the Bank, although UC/Metlife/HDFC Life/ICICI Pru administer the scheme and determine the contribution premium required to be paid by the Bank. The plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement or termination of employment based on the respective employees salary and the years of employment with the Bank. Liability with regard to gratuity fund is accrued based on actuarial valuation conducted by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year.

Leave Encashment

Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates. The Bank provides leave encashment benefit (long term), which is a defined benefit scheme based on actuarial valuation conducted by an independent actuary. The actuarial valuation is carried out as per the Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year.

Superannuation

Employees of the Bank are entitled to receive retirement benefits under the Banks Superannuation scheme either under a cash-out option through salary or under a defined contribution plan. Through the defined contribution plan, the Bank contributes annually a specified sum of 10% of the employees eligible annual basic salary to LIC, which undertakes to pay the lumpsum and annuity benefit payments pursuant to the scheme. Superannuation contributions are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the period in which they accrue.

Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the Profit and Loss Account and are not deferred.

5.11 Debit/Credit card reward points

The Bank estimates the probable redemption of debit and credit card reward points using an actuarial method at the Balance Sheet date by employing an independent actuary. Provision for the said reward points is then made based on the actuarial valuation report as furnished by the said independent actuary.

5.12 Taxation

Income tax expense is the aggregate amount of current tax and deferred tax charge. Current year taxes are determined in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws.

Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. The impact of changes in the deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.

Deferred tax assets are recognized and reassessed at each reporting date, based upon the Managements judgement as to whether realisation is considered as reasonably certain. Deferred tax assets are recognised on carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation and tax losses only if there is virtual certainty that such deferred tax asset can be realised against future profits.

5.13 Share issue expenses

Share issue expenses are adjusted from share premium account.

5.14 Earnings per share

The Bank reports basic and diluted earnings per share in accordance with AS 20, Earnings per Share, as notified by the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the year.

Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue equity shares were exercised or converted during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding at the year end.

5.15 Employee stock option scheme

The 2001 Employee Stock Option Scheme (the Scheme) provides for grant of stock options on equity shares of the Bank to employees and Directors of the Bank and its subsidiaries. The Scheme is in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) (Employees Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999. The Bank follows the intrinsic value method to account for its stock based employee compensation plans as per the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments issued by the ICAI. Options are granted at an exercise price, which is equal to/less than the fair market price of the underlying equity shares. The excess of such fair market price over the exercise price of the options as at the grant date is recognised as a deferred compensation cost and amortised on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of such options.

The fair market price is the latest available closing price, prior to the date of grant, on the stock exchange on which the shares of the Bank are listed. If the shares are listed on more than one stock exchange, then the stock exchange where there is highest trading volume on the said date is considered.

5.16 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

A provision is recognised when the Bank has a present obligation as a result of past event where it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

A disclosure of contingent liability is made when there is:

- a possible obligation arising from a past event, the existence of which will be confirmed by occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not within the control of the Bank; or

- a present obligation arising from a past event which is not recognised as it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.

When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognised in the period in which the change occurs.

18 Notes forming part of the financial statements for the year ended 31 March, 2011

(Currency: In Indian Rupees)

1 On 17 November, 2010, the Board of Directors of the Bank approved the acquisition of certain businesses

undertaken by Enam Securities Private Limited (ESPL) through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Axis Securities and Sales Limited (ASSL), by way of a demerger. It is envisaged that these businesses will be transferred to ASSL, pursuant to a Scheme of Arrangement, as may be approved by the relevant High Courts under Sections 391 to 394 and other relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and subject to receipt of necessary requisite approvals. The appointed date for the purpose of the Demerger under the Scheme shall be 1 April, 2010. The valuation of the ESPL business was assessed at 72,067 crores and in consideration for the demerger, the Bank will issue shares in the ratio of 5.7 equity shares of the Bank (aggregating 13,782,600 equity shares) of the face value of 710 each for every 1 equity share (aggregating 2,418,000 equity shares) of 710 each held by the shareholders of ESPL.

2.1.2 In terms of its guidelines for implementation of the new capital adequacy framework issued on 27 April, 2007, RBI

directed banks with overseas branches to migrate to the revised framework for capital computation (under Basel II) - with effect from 31 March, 2008. The minimum capital to be maintained by banks under the Revised Framework is subject to a prudential floor of 80% of the capital requirement under Basel I.

2.1.3 The Bank has not raised any hybrid capital during the years ended 31 March, 2011 and 31 March, 2010.

# Working funds represent average of total assets as reported to RBI in Form X under Section 27 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 during the year

* Net Customer assets include advances and credit substitutes

** Productivity ratios are based on average employee numbers for the year

2.1.5 The provisioning coverage ratio of the Bank computed in terms of the RBI guidelines as on 31 March, 2011 was 80.90% (previous year 72.38%).

2.1.13 There are no advances as on 31 March, 2011 (previous year: Nil) for which intangible securities has been taken as collateral by the Bank.

2.1.17 During the years ended 31 March, 2011 and 31 March, 2010 there were no Non-Performing Financial Assets Purchased or Sold (excluding accounts previously written off) by the Bank.

2.1.26 Disclosure on risk exposure in Derivatives

Qualitative disclosures:

(a) Structure and organisation for management of risk in derivatives trading, the scope and nature of risk measurement, risk reporting and risk monitoring systems and strategies and processes for monitoring the continuing effectiveness of hedges/mitigants:

Derivatives are financial instruments whose characteristics are derived from an underlying asset, or from interest and exchange rates or indices. The Bank undertakes derivative transactions for Balance Sheet management and also for proprietary trading/market making whereby the Bank offers derivative products to the customers to enable them to hedge their earnings risks within the prevalent regulatory guidelines.

Proprietary trading includes Interest Rate Futures and Rupee Interest Rate Swaps under different benchmarks (viz. MIBOR, MIFOR and INBMK), Currency Futures and Currency Options for USD/INR pair (both OTC and exchange traded). The Bank also undertakes transactions in Cross Currency Swaps, Principal Only Swaps,

Coupon Only Swaps, and Long Term Forex Contracts (LTFX) for hedging its Balance Sheet and also offers them to its customers. These transactions expose the Bank to various risks, primarily credit, market and operational risk. The Bank has adopted the following mechanism for managing risks arising out of the derivative transactions.

There is a functional separation between the Treasury Front Office, Risk and Treasury Back Office to undertake derivative transactions. The derivative transactions are originated by Treasury Front Office, which ensures compliance with the trade origination requirements as per the Banks policy and the RBI guidelines. The Market Risk Group within the Banks Risk Department independently identifies, measures and monitors the market risks associated with derivative transactions and appraises the Asset Liability Management Committee (ALCO) and the Risk Management Committee of the Board (RMC) on the compliance with the risk limits. The Treasury Back Office undertakes activities such as confirmation, settlement, ISDA documentation, accounting and other MIS reporting.

The derivative transactions are governed by the derivative policy, hedging policy and the suitability and appropriateness policy of the Bank as well as by the extant RBI guidelines. The Bank has also put in place a detailed process flow for customer derivative transactions for effective management of operational risk/ reputation risk.

Various risk limits are set up and actual exposures are monitored vis-a-vis the limits. These limits are set up taking into account market volatility, business strategy and management experience. Risk limits are in place for risk parameters viz. PV01, VaR, stop loss, Delta, Gamma and Vega. Actual positions are monitored against these limits on a daily basis and breaches, if any, are reported promptly. Risk assessment of the portfolio is undertaken periodically. The Bank ensures that the Gross PV01 (Price value of a basis point) position arising out of all non-option rupee derivative contracts are within 0.25% of net worth of the Bank as on Balance Sheet date.

Hedging transactions are undertaken by the Bank to protect the variability in the fair value or the cash flow of the underlying Balance Sheet item. These deals are accounted on an accrual basis except the swap designated with an asset/liability that is carried at market value or lower of cost or market value. In that case, the swap is marked to market with the resulting gain or loss recorded as an adjustment to the market value of designated asset or liability. These transactions are tested for hedge effectiveness and in case any transaction fails the test, the same is re-designated as a trading deal with the approval of the competent authority and appropriate accounting treatment is followed.

(b) Accounting policy for recording hedge and non-hedge transactions, recognition of income, premiums and discounts, valuation of outstanding contracts

The Hedging Policy approved by the Risk Management Committee of the Board (RMC) governs the use of derivatives for hedging purpose. Subject to the prevailing RBI guidelines, the Bank deals in derivatives for hedging fixed rate and floating rate coupon or foreign currency assets/liabilities. Transactions for hedging and market making purposes are recorded separately. For hedge transactions, the Bank identifies the hedged item (asset or liability) at the inception of the transaction itself. The effectiveness is ascertained at the time of inception of the hedge and periodically thereafter. Hedge derivative transactions are accounted for in accordance with the hedge accounting principles. Derivatives for market making purpose are marked to market and the resulting gain/loss is recorded in the Profit and Loss Account. The premium on option contracts is accounted for as per Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (FEDAI) guidelines. Derivative transactions are covered under International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) master agreements with respective counterparties. The exposure on account of derivative transactions is computed as per the RBI guidelines and is marked against the credit limits approved for the respective counterparties.

(c) Provisioning, collateral and credit risk mitigation

Derivative transactions comprise of swaps and options which are disclosed as contingent liabilities. The swaps/ options are segregated as trading or hedging. Trading swaps/options are revalued at the Balance Sheet date with the resulting unrealised gain or loss being recognised in the Profit and Loss Account and correspondingly in other assets or other liabilities respectively. Hedged swaps are accounted for as per the RBI guidelines. Pursuant to the RBI guidelines, any receivables under derivatives contracts, which remain overdue for more than 90 days, are reversed through the Profit and Loss Account and are held in a separate suspense account.

Collateral requirements for derivative transactions are laid down as part of credit sanction terms on a case by case basis. Such collateral requirements are determined, based on usual credit appraisal process. The Bank retains the right to terminate transactions as a risk mitigation measure in certain cases.

The credit risk in respect of customer derivative transactions is sought to be mitigated through a laid down policy on sanction of Loan Equivalent Risk (LER) limits, monitoring mechanism for LER limits and trigger events for escalation/margin calls/termination.

2.1.27 No penalty/strictures have been imposed on the Bank during the year or in the previous year by the Reserve Bank of India.

2.1.30 Draw Down from Reserves

During the year, the Bank has made a draw down out of the investment reserve account towards depreciation in investments in AFS and HFT categories in terms of the RBI guidelines.

2.1.31 Letter of Comfort

The Bank has not issued any Letter of Comfort (LoC) on behalf of its subsidiaries.

2.1.33 The Bank has not sponsored any special purpose vehicle which is required to be consolidated in the consolidated financial statements as per accounting norms.

2.2 Other disclosures

2.2.1 During the year, the Bank has appropriated Rs.4.76 crores (previous year Rs.223.92 crores), net of taxes and transfer to statutory reserve to Capital Reserve, being the gain on sale of HTM investments in accordance with the RBI guidelines.

2.2.3 Employee Stock Options Scheme (the Scheme)

In February 2001, pursuant to the approval of the shareholders at the Extraordinary General Meeting, the Bank approved an Employee Stock Option Scheme. Under the Scheme, the Bank is authorised to issue upto 13,000,000 equity shares to eligible employees. Eligible employees are granted an option to purchase shares subject to vesting conditions. The options vest in a graded manner over 3 years. The options can be exercised within 3 years from the date of the vesting. Further, over the period June 2004 to June 2010, pursuant to the approval of the shareholders at Annual General Meetings, the Bank approved an ESOP scheme for additional options aggregating 27,517,400. Within the overall ceiling of 40,517,400 stock options approved for grant by the shareholders as stated earlier, the Bank is also authorised to issue options to employees and directors of the subsidiary companies.

33,707,690 options have been granted under the Scheme till the previous year ended 31 March, 2010.

On 20 April, 2010, the Bank granted 2,723,500 stock options (each option representing entitlement to one equity share of the Bank) to its employees and the MD & CEO. These options can be exercised at a price of Rs.1,159.30 per option. Further, on 7 and 8 June, 2010, the Bank also granted 10,000 and 181,700 stock options (each option representing entitlement to one equity share of the Bank) to an employee (on joining the Bank) and employees of Axis Asset Management Company Limited, a subsidiary of the Bank respectively. These options can be exercised at a price of Rs.1,245.45 and Rs.1,214.80 per option respectively.

2.2.4 Dividend paid on shares issued on exercise of stock options

The Bank may allot shares between the Balance Sheet date and record date for the declaration of dividend pursuant to the exercise of any employee stock options. These shares will be eligible for full dividend for the year ended 31 March, 2011, if approved at the ensuing Annual General Meeting. Dividend relating to these shares has not been recorded in the current year.

Appropriation to proposed dividend during the year ended 31 March, 2011 includes dividend of Rs.2.47 crores (previous year Rs.0.51 crores) paid pursuant to exercise of 1,766,860 employee stock options after the previous year end and record date for declaration of dividend for the year ended 31 March, 2010.

Revenues of the Treasury segment primarily consist of fees and gains or losses from trading operations and interest income on the investment portfolio. The principal expenses of the segment consist of interest expense on funds borrowed from external sources and other internal segments, premises expenses, personnel costs, other direct overheads and allocated expenses.

Revenues of the CorporateAA/holesale Banking segment consist of interest and fees earned on loans given to customers falling under this segment and fees arising from transaction services and merchant banking activities such as syndication and debenture trusteeship. Revenues of the Retail Banking segment are derived from interest earned on loans classified under this segment and fees for banking and advisory services, ATM interchange fees and cards products. Expenses of the CorporateAVholesale Banking and Retail Banking segments primarily comprise interest expense on deposits and funds borrowed from other internal segments, infrastructure and premises expenses for operating the branch network and other delivery channels, personnel costs, other direct overheads and allocated expenses.

Segment income includes earnings from external customers and from funds transferred to the other segments. Segment result includes revenue as reduced by interest expense and operating expenses and provisions, if any, for that segment. Segment-wise income and expenses include certain allocations. Inter segment interest income and interest expense represent the transfer price received from and paid to the Central Funding Unit (CFU) respectively. For this purpose, the funds transfer pricing mechanism presently followed by the Bank, which is based on historical matched maturity and market-linked benchmarks, has been used. Operating expenses other than those directly attributable to segments are allocated to the segments based on an activity-based costing methodology. All activities in the Bank are segregated segment-wise and allocated to the respective segment.

2.2.6 Related party disclosure

The related parties of the Bank are broadly classified as:

a) Promoters

The Bank has identified the following entities as its Promoters.

- Administrator of the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (UTI-1)

- Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC)

- General Insurance Corporation and four Government-owned general insurance companies - New India Assurance Co. Ltd., National Insurance Co. Ltd., United India Insurance Co. Ltd. and The Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd.

b) Key Management Personnel

- Mrs. Shikha Sharma (Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer)

- Mr. M. M. Agrawal (Erstwhile Deputy Managing Director) upto 31 August, 2010

- Mr. Sisir Kumar Chakrabarti (Deputy Managing Director) with effect from 27 September, 2010

c) Relatives of Key Management Personnel

Mr. Sanjaya Sharma, Mrs. Usha Bharadwaj, Mr. Tilak Sharma, Ms. Tvisha Sharma, Dr. Sanjiv Bharadwaj, Dr. Prashant Bharadwaj, Dr. Brevis Bharadwaj, Dr. Reena Bharadwaj, Mrs. Bharti Agrawal, Mr. Vedprakash Agrawal, Mrs. Gayatri Devi Agrawal, Mr. Amit M. Agrawal, Mrs. Rinki Agrawal, Master Kaustubh Agrawal, Ms. Prashasti Agrawal, Mr. Anand Agrawal, Mr. Praveen Agrawal, Mrs. Rekha Agrawal, Mrs. Renu Agrawal, Mrs. Meenu Agrawal, Mrs. Swapna Chakraborty, Mrs. Shikha Bhattacharya, Ms. Shila Chakraborty, Mr. Hirendra Nath Chakraborty, Mr. Rajat Chakraborty, Mrs. Devikalpa Chakraborty (Kundu), Master Ahan Chakraborty, Mr. Nabakumar Chakraborty, Mr. Prabir Chakraborty, Mrs. Minati Chakraborty, Mrs. Krishna Chakraborty, Mrs. Sipra Chakraborty, Mr. AsimKumar Chakraborty, Mr. Arunabha Bhattacharya

d) Subsidiary Companies

- Axis Securities and Sales Limited

- Axis Private Equity Limited

- Axis Trustee Services Limited

- Axis Asset Management Company Limited

- Axis Mutual Fund Trustee Limited

- Axis U.K. Limited

e) Associate

- Bussan Auto Finance India Private Limited

The above investment does not fall within the definition of a Joint Venture as per AS 27, Financial Reporting of Interest in Joint Ventures, notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, and the said accounting standard is thus not applicable. However, pursuant to RBI guidelines, the Bank has classified the same as investment in joint ventures in the Balance Sheet. Such investment has been accounted as an Associate from the current year in line with AS 23, Accounting for Investment in Associates in Consolidated Financial Statements notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006. Based on RBI guidelines, details of transactions with Associates are not disclosed since there is only one entity/party in this category.

2.2.7 Leases

Disclosure in respect of assets given on operating lease

The Bank has not given any assets on operating lease.

Disclosure in respect of assets taken on operating lease

Operating lease comprises leasing of office premises/ATMs, staff quarters, electronic data capturing machines and IT equipment.

2.2.10 Employee Benefits

Provident Fund

The contribution to the employees provident fund amounted to Rs.41.83 crores (previous year Rs.37.10 crores) for the year.

The rules of the Banks Provident Fund administered by a Trust require that if the Board of Trustees are unable to pay interest at the rate declared for Employees Provident Fund by the Government under para 60 of the Employees Provident Fund Scheme, 1952 for the reason that the return on investment is less or for any other reason, then the deficiency shall be made good by the Bank. Having regard to the assets of the Fund and the return on the investments, the Bank does not expect any deficiency in the foreseeable future. There has also been no such deficiency since the inception of the Fund.

Superannuation

The Bank contributed Rs.10.17 crores (previous year Rs.9.67 crores) to the employees superannuation plan for the year.

Leave Encashment

The Bank charged an amount of Rs.70.65 crores (previous year Rs.36.52 crores) towards leave encashment for the year.

Gratuity

The following tables summarise the components of net benefit expenses recognised in the Profit and Loss Account and funded status and amounts recognised in the Balance Sheet for the Gratuity benefit plan.

2.2.11 Provisions and contingencies

a) Movement in provision for frauds included under other liabilities is set out below:


Mar 31, 2010

1 Basis of preparation

The financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis of accounting, unless otherwise stated, and comply with generally accepted accounting principles, statutory requirements prescribed under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, circulars and guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) from time to time and Accounting Standard notified by the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, (as amended) to the extent applicable and current practices prevailing within the banking industry in India.

2 Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Any revisions to the accounting estimates are recognized prospectively in the current and future periods.

3 Changes in accounting policies

3.1 Change in recognition of Bank Guarantee commission income

During the current financial year, the Bank has changed its policy to recognize commission income on guarantees issued by it. Against the earlier practice of recognizing the commission income on guarantees upfront when due (except in the case of deferred payment guarantees), the Bank now recognizes the income on a pro-rata basis over the period of the guarantee. As a result of the aforesaid change in policy, other income for the year is lower by Rs. 136.52 crores with a corresponding increase in other liabilities.

3.2 Change in estimated useful life of fixed assets

During the year, the Bank has revised the estimated useful life of Closed Circuit Television Camera (CCTV) equipments from 10 years to 3 years. As a result of the aforesaid revision, the depreciation charge for the year is higher by Rs. 4.37 crores with a corresponding decrease in the net block of fixed assets.

4.1 Investments

Classification

In accordance with the RBI guidelines, investments are classified at the date of purchase as:

- HeldforTrading (HFT);

- Available for Sale (AFS); and

- Held to Maturity (HTM).

Investments that are held principally for sale within a short period are classified as HFT securities. As per RBI guidelines, HFT securities, which remain unsold for a period of 90 days are reclassified as AFS securities as on that date.

Investments that the Bank intends to hold till maturity are classified under HTM category.

Investments not exceeding 25% of total investments, which the Bank intends to hold till maturity, are classified as HTM securities. As permitted by RBI, the Bank may exceed the limit of 25% of total investments provided the excess comprises of only those securities which are eligible for complying with the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) i.e. SLR securities and the total SLR securities held in HTM category are not more than 25% of its demand and time liabilities as on the effective date. The effective date means the last Friday of the second preceding fortnight for computation of the aforesaid limit. In computing the investment ceiling for HTM portfolio for the aforesaid purpose, debentures and bonds, which are deemed to be in the nature of advances and investments in subsidiaries & joint ventures are excluded.

All other investments are classified as AFS securities.

However, for disclosure in the balance sheet, investments in India are classified under six categories - Government Securities, Other approved securities. Shares, Debentures and Bonds, Investment in Subsidiaries/Joint Ventures and Others.

Investments made outside India are classified under three categories - Government Securities, Subsidiaries and/or Joint Ventures abroad and Others.

Transfer of security between categories

Transfer of security between categories of investments is accounted as per RBI guidelines.

Valuation

Investments classified under the HTM category are carried at acquisition cost. Any premium on acquisition over face value is amortized on a constant yield to maturity basis over the remaining period to maturity.

Investments classified under the AFS and HFT category are marked to market. The market/fair value for the purpose of periodical valuation of quoted investments included in the Available for Sale and Held for Trading categories is the market price of the scrip as available from the trades/quotes on the stock exchanges, SGL account transactions, price list of RBI or prices declared by Primary Dealers Association of India jointly with Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association of India, periodically. Net depreciation, if any, within each category of investments is recognized in the profit and loss account. The net appreciation if any, under each category is ignored, except to the extent of depreciation previously provided. The book value of individual securities is not changed consequent to the periodic valuation of investments.

Treasury Bills, Commercial Paper and Certificate of Deposits being discounted instruments, are valued at carrying cost.

Units of mutual funds are valued at the latest repurchase price/net asset value declared by the mutual fund.

Market value of investments where current quotations are not available, is determined as per the norms prescribed by the RBI as under:

- market value of unquoted Government securities is derived based on the Prices/Yield to Maturity (YTM) rate for Government securities of equivalent maturity as notified by Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association of India (FIMMDA) jointly with the Primary Dealers Association of India (PDAI) at periodic intervals;

- in case of Central Government Securities, which do not qualify for SLR requirement, the market price is derived by adding the appropriate mark up to the Base Yield Curve of Central Government Securities as notified by FIMMDA;

- market value of unquoted State Government securities is derived by adding the appropriate mark up above the Base Yield Curve of the Central Government Securities of equivalent maturity as notified by the FIMMDA/PDAI at periodic intervals;

- in case of unquoted bonds, debentures and preference shares where interest/dividend is received regularly, the market price is derived based on the YTM for Government securities as notified by FIMMDA/PDAI and suitably marked up for credit risk applicable to the credit rating of the instrument. The matrix for credit risk mark-up for each categories and credit ratings along with residual maturity issued by FIMMDA is adopted forthis purpose;

- in case of preference shares where dividend is not received regularly, the price derived on the basis of YTM is discounted in accordance with the RBI guidelines;

- in case of bonds and debentures where interest is not received regularly, the valuation is in accordance with prudential norms for provisioning as prescribed by RBI; and

- equity shares, for which current quotations are not available or where the shares are not quoted on the stock exchanges, are valued at break-up value (without considering revaluation reserves, if any) which is ascertained from the companys latest balance sheet (which is not more than one year prior to the date of valuation). In case the latest balance sheet is not available, the shares are valued at Re 1 per company.

Investments in subsidiaries/joint ventures are categorized as HTM in accordance with RBI guidelines.

Realized gains on investments under HTM category are recognized in the profit and loss account and subsequently appropriated to capital reserve account in accordance with RBI guidelines. Losses are recognized in the profit and loss account.

Repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions

Repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions are accounted as outright sale and outright purchase respectively. The difference between the clean price of the first leg and clean price of the second leg is recognized as interest expense/income over the period of the transaction. However, depreciation in their value, if any, compared to their original cost, is recognized in the profit and loss account.

4.2 Advances

Advances are classified into performing and non-performing advances (NPAs) as per RBI guidelines and are stated net of specific provisions made towards NPAs and floating provisions. Further, NPAs are classified into sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets based on the criteria stipulated by RBI. Provisions for NPAs are made for sub-standard and doubtful assets at rates as prescribed by RBI with the exception for agriculture advances and schematic retail advances. In respect of schematic retail advances, provisions are made in terms of a bucket-wise policy upon reaching specified stages of delinquency (90 days or more of delinquency) under each type of loan, which satisfies the RBI prudential norms on provisioning. Provisions in respect of agriculture advances classified into sub-standard and doubtful assets are made at rates which are higher than those prescribed by the RBI.

Loss assets and unsecured portion of doubtful assets are provided/written off as per the extant RBI guidelines. NPAs are identified by periodic appraisals of the loan portfolio by management.

For restructured/rescheduled assets, provision is made in accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, which requires the diminution in the fair value of the assets be provided at the time of restructuring.

A general provision @ 0.25% in case of direct advances to agricultural and SME sectors, 1.00% in respect of advances classified as commercial real estate and 0.40% for all other advances is made as prescribed by RBI, against provision ranging between 0.25% to 2.00% as prescribed hitherto. However, the excess provision held as of 14 November 2008, is not reversed as per RBI guidelines.

4.3 Country risk

In addition to the provisions required to be held according to the asset classification status, provisions are held for individual country exposure (other than for home country). The countries are categorized into seven risk categories namely insignificant, low, moderate, high, very high, restricted and off-credit and provision is made on exposures exceeding 180 days on a graded scale ranging from 0.25% to 100%. For exposures with contractual maturity of less than 180 days, 25% of the normal provision requirement is held. If the country exposure (net) of the Bank in respect of each country does not exceed 1 % of the total funded assets, no provision is maintained on such country exposure.

4.4 Securtization

The Bank enters into purchase/sale of corporate and retail loans through direct assignment/Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV). In most cases, post securtization, the Bank continues to service the loans transferred to the assignee/SPV. The Bank also provides credit enhancement in the form of cash collaterals and/or by subordination of cash flows to Senior Pass Through Certificate (PTC) holders. In respect of credit enhancements provided or recourse obligations (projected delinquencies, future servicing etc.) accepted by the Bank, appropriate provision/disclosure is made at the time of sale in accordance with AS 29, Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets.

Gain on securtization transaction is recognized over the period of the underlying securities issued by the SPV. Loss on securtization is immediately debited to profit and loss account.

4.5 Foreign currency transactions

In respect of domestic operations, transactions denominated in foreign currencies are accounted for at the rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated at the balance sheet date at rates notified by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (FEDAI). All profits/losses resulting from year end revaluations are recognized in the profit and loss account.

Financial statements of foreign branches classified as non-integral foreign operations are translated as follows:

- Assets and liabilities (both monetary and non-monetary as well as contingent liabilities) are translated at closing rates notified by FEDAI at the year end.

- Income and expenses are translated at the rates prevailing on the date of the transactions.

- All resulting exchange differences are accumulated in a separate Foreign Currency Translation Reserve till the disposal of the net investments.

Outstanding forward exchange contracts (excluding currency swaps undertaken to hedge foreign currency assets/liabilities and funding swaps which are not revalued) and spot exchange contracts are revalued at year end exchange rates notified by FEDAI. The resulting gains or losses on revaluation are included in the profit and loss account in accordance with RBI/FEDAI guidelines. The forward exchange contracts of longer maturities where exchange rates are not notified by FEDAI are revalued at the forward exchange rates implied by the swap curves in respective currencies. The resultant gains or losses are recognized in the profit and loss account.

Premium/discount on currency swaps undertaken to hedge foreign currency assets and liabilities and funding swaps is recognized as interest income/expense and is amortized on a pro-rata basis over the underlying swap period.

Contingent liabilities on account of foreign exchange contracts/options, guarantees, acceptances, endorsements and other obligations denominated in foreign currencies are disclosed at closing rates of exchange notified by FEDAI.

4.6 Derivative transactions

Derivative transactions comprise of swaps and options which are disclosed as contingent liabilities. The swaps/options are segregated as trading or hedge transactions. Trading swaps/options are revalued at the balance sheet date with the resulting unrealized gain or loss being recognized in the profit and loss account and correspondingly in other assets or other liabilities respectively. Hedged swaps are accounted for as per RBI guidelines. Pursuant to RBI guidelines any receivables under derivatives contracts, which remains overdue for more than 90 days, are reversed through profit and loss account and are held in a separate suspense account.

4.7 Revenue recognition

Interest income is recognized on an accrual basis except interest income on non-performing assets, which is recognized on receipt.

Fees and commission income is recognized when due, except for guarantee commission which is recognized pro-rata over the period of the guarantee.

Dividend is accounted on an accrual basis when the right to receive the dividend is established.

Gain/loss on sell down of loans and advances through direct assignment is recognized at the time of sale.

4.8 Fixed assets and depreciation

Fixed assets are carried at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation less impairment, if any. Cost includes freight, duties, taxes and incidental expenses related to the acquisition and installation of the asset.

Capital work-in-progress includes cost of fixed assets that are not ready for their intended use and also includes advances paid to acquire fixed assets.

Depreciation (including on assets given on operating lease) is provided on the straight-line method from the date of addition. The rates of depreciation prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 are considered as the minimum rates. If the managements estimate of the useful life of a fixed asset at the time of acquisition of the asset or of the remaining useful life on a subsequent review is shorter, then depreciation is provided at a higher rate based on managements estimate of the useful life/remaining useful life. Pursuantto this policy, depreciation has been provided using the following estimated useful lives:

Asset Estimated useful life

Owned premises 20 years

Assets given on operating lease 20 years

Computer hardware 3 years

Application software 5 years

Vehicles 4 years

EPABX, telephone instruments 8 years

CCTV 3 years

Mobile phone 2 years

Locker cabinets/cash safe/strong room door 16 years

Assets at staff residence 5 years

All other fixed assets 10 years

All fixed assets individually costing less than Rs. 5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of installation.

Depreciation on assets sold during the year is recognized on a pro-rata basis to the profit and loss account till the date of sale.

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to ascertain if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

4.9 Lease transactions

Assets given on operating lease are capitalized at cost. Rentals received by the Bank are recognized in the profit and loss account on accrual basts.

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership over the lease term are classified as operating lease. Lease payments for assets taken on operating lease are recognized as an expense in the profit and loss account on a straight- line basis over the lease term.

4.10 Retirement and other employee benefits

Provident Fund

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the profit and loss account of the year when the contributions to the fund are due. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the trust.

Gratuity

The Bank contributes towards gratuity fund (defined benefit retirement plan) administered jointly by the Life Insurance Corporation of India CLIC) and Metlife Insurance Company Limited (Metlife) for eligible employees. Under this scheme, the settlement obligations remain with the Bank, although LIC/Metlife administer the scheme and determine the contribution premium required to be paid by the Bank. The plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement or termination of employment based on the respective employees salary and the years of employment with the Bank. Liability with regard to gratuity fund is accrued based on actuarial valuation conducted by an independent actuary using the Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year.

Leave Encashment

Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates. The Bank provides leave encashment benefit (long term), which is a defined benefit scheme based on actuarial valuation as at the balance sheet date conducted by an independent actuary. The actuarial valuation is carried out as perthe Projected Unit Credit Method as at 31 March each year.

Superannuation

Employees of the Bank are entitled to receive retirement benefits under the Banks Superannuation scheme either under a cash-out option through salary or under a defined contribution plan. Through the defined contribution plan, the Bank contributes annually a specified sum of 10% of the employees eligible annual basic salary to LIC, which undertakes to pay the lumpsum and annuity benefit payments pursuant to the scheme. Superannuation contributions are recognized in the profit and loss account in the period in which they accrue.

Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to profit and loss account and are not deferred.

4.11 Debit/Credit card reward points

The Bank estimates the probable redemption of debit and credit card reward points using an actuarial method at balance sheet date by employing an independent actuary. Provision for the said reward points is then made based on the actuarial valuation report as furnished by the said independent actuary.

4.12 Taxation

Income tax expense is the aggregate amount of current tax and deferred tax charge. Current year taxes are determined in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a JegaJJy enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws.

Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. The impact of changes in the deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the profit and loss account.

Deferred tax assets are recognized and reassessed at each reporting date, based upon managements judgement as to whether realization is considered as reasonably certain.

4.13 Share issue expenses

Share issue expenses are adjusted from share premium account.

4.14 Earnings per share

The Bank reports basic and diluted earnings per share in accordance with AS 20, Earnings per Share, Accounting Standard notified by the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding for the year.

Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue equity shares were exercised or converted during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding at year end.

4.15 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and in ATM, balances with Reserve Bank of India, balances with other banks and money at call and short notice.

4.16 Employee stock option scheme

The 2001 Employee Stock Option Scheme (the Scheme) provides for grant of stock options on equity shares of the Bank to employees and Directors of the Bank. The Scheme is in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) (Employees Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999. The Bank follows the intrinsic value method to account for its stock based employee compensation plans as per the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments issued by the ICAI. Options are granted at an exercise price, which is equal to/less than the fair market price of the underlying equity shares. The excess of such fair market price over the exercise price of the options as at the grant date is recognized as a deferred compensation cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of such options.

The fair market price is the latest available closing price, prior to the date of grant, on the stock exchange on which the shares of the Bank are listed. If the shares are listed on more than one stock exchange, then the stock exchange where there is highest trading volume on the said date is considered.

4.17 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

A provision is recognized when the Bank has a present obligation as a result of past event where it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

A disclosure of contingent liability is made when there is:

- a possible obligation arising from a past event, the existence of which will be confirmed by occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not within the control of the Bank; or

- a present obligation arising from a past event which is not recognized as it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.

When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

Contingent assets are not recognized in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognized in the period in which the change occurs.

1 Share Capital

During the year ended 31 March 2010, the Bank raised additional equity capital in the form of 5,055,500 Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) (each GDR representing 1 underlying equity share of Rs. 10/- each), at a price of US$ 18.90 per GDR. The Bank also undertook a Qualified Institutional Placement (QIP) of 330,44,500 shares and a preferential allotment of 3,976,632 shares at a price of Rs. 906.70 per share. As a consequence, the paid-up share capital of the Bank has increased by Rs. 42.08 crores and the reserves of the Bank have increased by Rs. 3,725.64 crores after charging of issue related expenses.

The funds mobilized from the equity raising (through GDR, QIP and Preferential issue) were utilized for enhancing the capital adequacy ratio and for general corporate purposes.

The Bank has incurred expenses of Rs. 42.84 crores towards payment of commission to the lead managers in connection with the capital issue, which exceeds the limit prescribed under Section 13 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and has adjusted this amount against the Share Premium account. The Bank has sought approval from the Reserve Bank of India to pay the excess amounttothe lead managers.

2.1.2 In terms of its guidelines for implementation of the new capital adequacy framework issued on 27 April 2007, RBI has directed banks with overseas branches to migrate to the revised framework for capital computation (under Basel II) with effect from 31 March 2008. The migration is proposed in a phased manner over a three-year period during which banks are required to compute their capital requirements in terms of both Basel I and Basel II. The minimum capital to be maintained by banks under the Revised Framework is subject to a prudential floor of 100%, 90% and 80% of the capital requirement under Basel I over the years March 2008,2009 and 2010 respectively.

2.1.3 The Bank has not raised any hybrid capital during the year ended 31 March 2010 and year ended 31 March 2009.

2.1.5 The provisioning coverage ratio of the Bank computed in terms of RBI guidelines as on 31 March 2010 was 72.38%.

2.1.27 Disclosure on risk exposure in Derivatives

Qualitative disclosures:

(a) Structure and organization for management of risk in derivatives trading, the scope and nature of risk measurement, risk reporting and risk monitoring systems and strategies and processes for monitoring the continuing effectiveness of hedges/mitigants

The Bank undertakes derivative transactions for proprietary trading/market making, hedging own balance sheet and for offering to customers, who use them for hedging their risks within the prevalent regulations. Proprietary trading covers Interest Rate Futures and Rupee Interest Rate Swaps under different benchmarks viz. MIBOR, MIFOR and INBMK and USD/INR options. During the year, the Bank started trading in Rupee interest rate futures in the domestic market. These transactions expose the Bank to various risks, primarily credit, market and operational risk. The Bank has adopted the following mechanism for managing risk arising out of the derivative transactions.

In terms of the structure, the derivative transactions are originated by Treasury Front Office, which ensures compliance with the trade origination requirements as per the Banks policy and RBI guidelines. Market Risk Group within the Banks Risk Department independently identifies, measures and monitors market risk associated with derivative transactions, and appraises the Asset Liability Management Committee (ALCO) and the Risk Management Committee of the Board (RMC) on the compliance with the risk limits. Treasury Operations undertakes activities such as confirmation, settlement, ISDA documentation, accounting and other MIS reporting.

The derivative transactions are governed by the Derivative Policy, Hedging Policy and the Suitability and Appropriateness Policy of the Bank as well as by the extant RBI guidelines. The Bank has also put in place a detailed process flow for customer derivative transactions for effective management of operational risk.

Various risk limits are set up and actual exposures are monitored vis-a-vis the limits. These limits are set up taking in to account market volatility, business strategy and management experience. Risk limits are in place for risk parameters viz. PV01, VaR, stop loss. Delta, Gamma and Vega. Actual positions are monitored against these limits on a daily basis and breaches, if any, are reported promptly. Risk assessment of the portfolio is undertaken periodically. The Bank ensures that the Gross PV01 (Price value of a basis point) position arising out of all non option rupee derivative contracts are within the 0.25% of net worth of the Bank as on balance sheet date.

Hedging transactions are undertaken by the Bank to protect the variability in the fair value or the cash flow of the underlying balance sheet item. These deals are accounted on an accrual basis. These transactions are subjected to hedge effectiveness test and in case any transaction fails such a test, the same is re-designated as a trading deal with the prior approval of the competent authority and appropriate accounting treatment is followed therefore,

(b) Accounting policy for recording hedge and non-hedge transactions, recognition of income, premiums and discounts, valuation of outstanding contracts

The use of derivatives for hedging purpose is governed by hedge policy approved by Banks Asset Liability Management Committee (ALCO). Subject to prevailing RBI guidelines, the Bank deals in derivatives for hedging fixed rate and floating rate coupon or foreign currency assets/liabilities. Transactions for hedging and market making purposes are recorded separately. For hedge transactions, the Bank identifies the hedged item (asset or liability) at the inception of transaction itself. The effectiveness is ascertained at the time of inception of the hedge and periodically thereafter. Hedge derivative transactions are accounted for pursuant to the principals of hedge accounting. Derivatives for market making purpose are marked to market and the resulting gain/loss is recorded in the profit and loss account. The premium on option contracts is accounted for as per Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India guidelines. Derivative transactions are covered under International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) master agreements with respective counterparties. The exposure on account of derivative transactions is computed as per RBI guidelines and is marked against the credit limits approved for the respective counterparties.

(c) Provisioning, collateral and credit risk mitigation

Derivative transactions comprise of swaps and options which are disclosed as contingent liabilities. The swaps/options are segregated as trading or hedge transactions. Trading swaps/options are revalued at the balance sheet date with the resulting unrealized gain or loss being recognized in the profit and loss account and correspondingly in other assets or other liabilities respectively. Hedged swaps are accounted for as per RBI guidelines. Pursuant to RBI guidelines any receivables under derivatives contacts, which remain overdue for more than 90 days, are reversed through profit and loss account and are held in a separate suspense account.

Collateral requirements for derivative transactions are laid down as part of sanction terms on a case by case basis. Such collateral requirement is determined, based on usual credit appraisal process. The Bank retains the right to terminate transactions as a risk mitigation measure in certain cases.

The credit risk in respect of customer derivative transactions is sought to be mitigated through a laid down policy on sanction of Loan Equivalent Risk (LER) limits, monitoring mechanism for LER limits and trigger events for escalation/margin calls/termination.

2.1.28 No penalty/strictures have been imposed on the Bank during the year by the Reserve Bank of India.

2.1.31 Draw Down from Reserves

The Bank has not undertaken any draw down of reserves during the year except towards issue expenses incurred for the equity raising through the GDR, QIP and Preferential issue, which have been adjusted against the share premium account.

2.1.32 Letter of Comfort

The Bank has not issued any Letter of Comfort (LoC) on behalf of its subsidiaries.

2.1.33 Bancassurance Business

During the year, the Bank earned a total income of Rs. 125.09 crores (previous year Rs. 217.39 crores) from the sale of life insurance and general insurance products under the bancassurance business.

2.1.34 The Bank has not sponsored any special purpose vehicle which is required to be consolidated in the consolidated financial statements as per accounting norms.

2.1.35 Appropriation to General Reserve

During the year, based on RBI guidelines, the Bank has appropriated Rs. 0.31 crores to the general reserve account representing amount transferred to the profit and loss account in respect of outstanding credit entries of individual value less than USD 2500 or equivalent in Nostro accounts originated upto 31 March 2002.

2.2 Other disclosures

2.2.1 During the year, the Bank has appropriated Rs. 223.92 crores (previous year Rs. 146.72 crores) to Capital Reserve, being the gain on sale of HTM investments in accordance with RBI guidelines.

2.2.3 Employee Stock Options Scheme (the Scheme)

In February 2001, pursuant to the approval of the shareholders at the Extraordinary General Meeting, the Bank approved an Employee Stock Option Scheme. Under the Scheme, the Bank is authorized to issue upto 13,000,000 equity shares to eligible employees. Eligible employees are granted an option to purchase shares subject to vesting conditions. The options vest in a graded manner over 3 years. The options can be exercised within 3 years from the date of the vesting. Further, in June 2004, June 2006 and June 2008, pursuant to the approval of the shareholders at Annual General Meeting, the Bank approved an ESOP scheme for additional 10,000,000,4,800,000 and 7,970,000 options respectively. 29,293,700 options have been granted under the Scheme till the previous year ended 31 March 2009.

On 20 April 2009, the Bank granted 4,263,990 stock options (each option representing entitlement to one equity share of the Bank) to its employees and the ex-Chairman & CEO. These options can be exercised at a price of Rs. 503.25 per option. Further, on 13 July 2009 and 7 September 2009, the Bank also granted 100,000 and 50,000 stock options (each option representing entitlement to one equity share of the Bank) to the Managing Director & CEO and an employee respectively (on joining the Bank). These options can be exercised at a price of Rs. 738.25 and Rs. 907.25 per option respectively.

2.2.4 Dividend paid on shares issued on exercise of stock options

The Bank may allot shares between the balance sheet date and record date for the declaration of dividend pursuant to the exercise of any employee stock options. These shares will be eligible for full dividend for the year ended 31 March 2010, if approved at the ensuing Annual General Meeting. Dividend relating to these shares has not been recorded in the current year.

Appropriation to proposed dividend during the year ended 31 March 2010 includes dividend of Rs. 0.51 crores (previous year Rs. 0.50 crores) paid pursuant to exercise of 436,489 employee stock options after the previous year end and record date for declaration of dividend for the year ended 31 March 2009.

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