Accounting Policies of Mysore Petro Chemicals Ltd. Company
Mar 31, 2018
Note 1: Significant Accounting Policies
a. General Information:
Mysore Petro Chemicals Limited ("the Company") is a public limited Company incorporated in India with its registered office at D/4, Jyothi Complex, 134/1, Infantry Road, Bengaluru-560 001. It is engaged in trading of Maleic Anhydride and other chemicals. The equity shares of the Company is listed on BSE and the security code is 506734.
b. Basis of preparation:
For all periods up to and including the year ended March 31, 2017, the Company had prepared its financial statements in accordance with Accounting Standards notified under the Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read together with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules,
2014 (âPrevious GAAP''). Detailed explanation on how the transition from previous GAAP to Ind AS has affected the Company is given under Note 42.
The standalone financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention, on accrual basis of accounting except for certain financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as stated in accounting policies stated below. The accounting policies have been applied consistently over all the periods presented in these financial statement.
c. Statement of Compliance:
The standalone financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Ind AS notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended by the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendment) Rules, 2016 and the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendment) Rules, 2017.
The standalone financial statements comply in all material aspects with Ind AS notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) [Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015] and other relevant provisions of the Act.
d. Use of estimates and judgments:
The preparation of standalone financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions. These estimates judgments and assumptions affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the standalone financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the year. Accounting estimates could change from period to period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Appropriate changes in estimates are made as management becomes aware of changes in circumstances surrounding the estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in the standalone financial statements in the period in which changes are made and if material their effects are disclosed in the notes to the standalone financial statements.
e. Operating Cycle:
Assets and liabilities other than those relating to long-term contracts are classified as current if it is expected to realize or settle within 12 months after the balance sheet date.
In case of long-term contracts, the time between acquisition of assets for processing and realization of the entire proceeds under the contracts in cash or cash equivalent exceeds one year. Accordingly, for classification of assets and liabilities related to such contracts as current, duration of each contract is considered as its operating cycle. _)
f. Fair Value Measurement
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
i) In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
ii) In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
i) Level 1 â Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
ii) Level 2 â Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable
iii) Level 3 â Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
g. Property, Plant and Equipment:
Property, plant and equipment is stated at acquisition cost net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during the period in which they are incurred.
Gains or losses arising on retirement or disposal of property, plant and equipment are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Depreciation is provided on a pro-rata basis on the straight line method based on estimated useful life prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.
Freehold land is not depreciated. Leasehold land is amortized over the remaining period of lease.
An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The residual values, useful lives and method of depreciation of property, plant and equipment is reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
Upon first-time adoption of Ind AS, the Company has elected to measure all its property, plant and equipment at the Previous GAAP carrying amount as its deemed cost on the date of transition to Ind AS i.e. April 1, 2016.
h. Investment Property:
Investment property comprises of building that are held for long-term rental yields and/or for capital appreciation. Investment property are initially recognized at cost. Subsequently investment property is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.
Depreciation on building is provided over the useful life as specified in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013. The residual values, useful life and depreciation method of investment property are reviewed, and adjusted on prospective basis as appropriate, at each balance sheet date. The effects of any revision are included in the statement of profit and loss when the changes arise.
Though the Company measures investment property using cost based measurement, the fair value of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair values are determined based on estimates.
Investment property are derecognized when either they have been disposed of or when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from its disposal.
The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period of de-recognition.
i. Inventories:
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is computed on a weighted average basis. The net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
j. Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of Cash Flow Statement comprise cash and cheques in hand, bank balance, demand deposits with bank where the original maturity is three months or less and other short term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
k. Financial Instruments:
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial Asset
Initial recognition and measurement
The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories;
- those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through OCI, or through profit or loss)
- those measured at amortized cost
All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
i) Debt instruments at amortized cost
ii) Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
iii) Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
iv) Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
Debt instruments at amortized cost
A âdebt instrument'' is measured at the amortized cost if both the following conditions are met:
a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and
b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included in finance income in the statement of profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment if any, are recognized in the statement of profit or loss.
Debt instruments at FVTOCI
A âdebt instrument'' is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:
a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and
b) The asset''s contractual cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest.
Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company does not have any debt instruments which meets the criteria for measuring the debt instrument at FVTOCI.
Debt instrument at FVTPL
Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.
In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as âAccounting Mismatch''). The Company has not designated any debt instrument at FVTPL.
Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Profit or Loss
Equity investments
All equity investments, except investments in an associate, are measured at FVTPL. The Company may make an irrevocable election on initial recognition to present in OCI any subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis.
De-recognition of Financial Assets
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognized (i.e. removed from the Company''s Standalone Financial Statements) when:
a) The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
b) The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a âpass-through'' arrangement and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognize the transferred asset to the extent of the Company''s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognizes an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.
Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.
Impairment of Financial Asset:
Expected credit losses are recognized for all financial assets subsequent to initial recognition other than financial assets in FVTPL category.
For financial assets other than trade receivables, as per Ind AS 109, the Company recognizes 12 months expected credit losses for all originated or acquired financial assets if at the reporting date the credit risk of the financial asset has not increased significantly since its initial recognition. The expected credit losses are measured as lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on financial asset increases significantly since its initial recognition.
The Company''s trade receivables do not contain significant financing component and loss allowance on trade receivables is measured at an amount equal to life time expected losses i.e. expected cash shortfall.
The impairment losses and reversals are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss. Financial Liabilities:
Initial recognition and measurement:
The Company recognizes a financial liability in its Balance Sheet when it becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value minus, in the case of financial liabilities not recorded at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial liability.
Subsequent measurement:
Financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Financial liabilities carried at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value with all changes in fair value recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
De-recognition:
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expires. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
l. Provisions and Contingent Liabilities:
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the Balance Sheet date.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted to reflect its present value using a current pre-tax rate that reflects the current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.
m. Revenue Recognition:
Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership in the goods are transferred to the buyer as per the terms of the contract, there is no continuing managerial involvement with the goods and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably. The Company retains no effective control of the goods transferred to a degree usually associated with ownership and no significant uncertainty exists regarding the amount of the consideration that will be derived from the sale of goods. Revenue is measured at fair value of the consideration received or receivable, after deduction of any trade discounts, volume rebates and any taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government which are levied on sales such as value added tax, GST.
Interest income is recognized using the effective interest rate (EIR) method.
Dividend income on investments is recognized when the right to receive dividend is established.
n. Employee Benefits:
Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund, in case of certain employees, are a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective trusts.
Gratuity liability and Provident Fund, in case of other employees not covered under defined contribution scheme, are defined benefit obligations. Gratuity liability is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. Provident fund contribution to the Trust is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss of the year when the contribution to the fund is due. Any deficit in the fund is provided for and funded.
Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method.
Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to other comprehensive income and are not deferred.
o. Impairment of non-financial assets :
Non-financial assets are subject to impairment tests whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. Where the carrying value of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of value in use and fair value less costs to sell), the asset is written down accordingly.
Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the impairment test is carried out on the smallest Company of assets to which it belongs for which there are separately identifiable cash flows; its cash generating units (âCGUs'').
p. Income Taxes:
Income tax expense for the year comprises of current tax and deferred tax. It is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss except to an item which is recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.
Current tax is the expected tax payable/receivable on the taxable income/loss for the year using applicable tax rates at the Balance Sheet date, and any adjustment to taxes in respect of previous years.
Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes.
A deferred tax liability is recognized based on the expected manner of realization or settlement of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities, using tax rates enacted, or substantively enacted, by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the asset can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.
Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities; and the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority.
q. Foreign Currencies:
The standalone financial statements are presented in INR, the functional currency of the Company. Items included in the standalone financial statements of the Company are recorded using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates (the âfunctional currency'').
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using exchange rates at the date of the transaction. Foreign exchange gains and losses from settlement of these transactions, and from translation of monetary assets and liabilities at the reporting date exchange rates are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
r. Earnings Per Share:
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit for the period attributable to the equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period and for all periods presented is adjusted for events, such as bonus shares, other than the conversion of potential equity shares that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
s. Leases :
Leases in which a substantial portion of the risks and reward of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Payment and receipts under such leases are recognized to the statement of profit and loss on a straight line basis over the term of the lease unless the lease payment to the lessor are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor''s expected inflationary cost increases, in which case the same are recognized as an expenses in line with contractual term.
Leases are classified as financial leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and reward incidental to ownership to the lessee.
Pursuant to the provisions of Section 188 of the Companies Act, 2013 and Letter of Offer dated May 18, 2018 received from Kamrup Enterprises Limited and Bihariji Construction (I) Limited announcing its intention to buy-back upto 1,24,000 shares and 4,00,000 shares respectively, the Company has tendered its entire shares for buy-back subject to the same being available for buyback by the respective Company. As a result, above investment have been classified as Current Investment.
Mar 31, 2016
Note A. Significant Accounting Policies a. Basis of preparation
The financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in India under the historical cost convention on accrual basis. The financial statements are prepared to comply in all material aspects with the Accounting Standard specified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and other relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 to the extent applicable. The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and except for the changes in accounting policy discussed more fully below, are consistent with those used in the previous year.
b. Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting period end. Although these estimates are based upon management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates.
c. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.
d. Depreciation and Amortization
i. Leasehold land is amortized over the period of lease.
ii. Intangible assets are amortized over the estimated useful life of 4 years.
iii. Depreciation on Plant & Equipments, Furniture, office Equipments, Buildings and Vehicles is provided on straight line basis based on the revised remaining useful life of the assets as per Part-C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.
e. Impairment of Assets
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
f. Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments. Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.
g. Inventories
Inventories are valued as follows:
Raw materials, Lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for components, stores and use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished spares products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost.
Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.
\
Stock in Process and Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and finished goods a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
h. Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.
Sale of Goods
Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer. Excise Duty deducted from turnover (gross) is the amount that is included in the amount of turnover (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arised during the year.
Interest
Revenue is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Dividends
Revenue is recognized when the shareholders'' right to receive payment is established by the balance sheet date.
i. Foreign Currency Translation Foreign Currency Transaction Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.
ii. Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.
iii. Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting company''s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise except in case of long term liabilities, where they relate to acquisition of fixed assets, in which case they are adjusted to the carrying cost of such assets.
iv. Forward Exchange Contracts not intended for trading or speculation purposes
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contracts is amortized as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward exchange contract is recognized as income or as expense for the year.
j. Retirement and other employee benefits
i. Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund, in case of certain employees, are a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective trusts.
ii. Gratuity liability and Provident Fund, in case of other employees not covered under defined contribution scheme, are defined benefit obligations. Gratuity liability is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. Provident Fund contribution to the Trust is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss of the year when the contribution to the fund is due. Any deficit in the fund is provided for and funded.
iii. Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method.
iv. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to Statement of Profit and loss and are not deferred.
k. Income taxes
Tax expense comprises of current tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realized against future taxable profits.
Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The company writes down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
l. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Partly paid equity shares are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the extent that they were entitled to participate in dividends relative to a fully paid equity share during the reporting period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
m. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities & Contingent Assets
A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of past event it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Provision for expenditure relating to voluntary retirement is made when the employee accepts the offer of early retirement.
n. Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.
o. Derivative Instruments
The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward exchange contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations. Accounting policy for forward exchange contracts is given in note i (iv) above.
Future cash outflows in respect of above are determinable only on receipt of judgments/decisions pending at various forums/authorities.
c) The operations of Phthalic Anhydride Plant at Raichur, Karnataka was closed during 3rd week of April 2013. The Board of Directors of the Company in their meeting held on 4th June, 2013 had decided to close the unit permanently due to Economic unavailability and the unit was closed since 16th July, 2013.
The workmen''s union have raised certain demands and the matter have been referred to Industrial Tribunal, Hubbali, Karnataka by the Labour Department, Government of Karnataka and the matter is pending. As the matter is subjudiced no provision have been made. Future cash out flow of the same are determinable on receipt of judgment / decision.
d) Workmen''s Union Demand of the Company at Taloja with effect from 1st June,2014 is under negotiation, amount presently not ascertainable.
The Company is mainly engaged in the business of manufacture and sale of chemicals and as the Company is managed organizationally as a united entity with various functional heads reporting to the top management there are no separate reportable segments as per Accounting Standard 17 - Segmental Reporting issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.
Mar 31, 2015
A. Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the Notified accounting standard by Companies Accounting
Standards Rules, 2006 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act,
1956. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical
cost convention on an accrual basis except in case of assets for which
provision for impairment is made and revaluation is carried out. The
accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and
except for the changes in accounting policy discussed more fully below,
are consistent with those used in the previous year.
b. Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting
period end. Although these estimates are based upon management's best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
c. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any
attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for
its intended use. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed
assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its
intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period
till such assets are ready to be put to use.
d. Depreciation and Amortisation
i. Leasehold land is amortized over the period of lease.
ii. Intangible assets are amortized over the estimated useful life of
4 years.
iii. Depreciation on Plant & Equipments, Furnitue, Office Equipments,
Buildings and Vehicles is provided on straight line basis based on the
revised remaining useful life of the assets as per Part-C of Schedule
II of the Companies Act, 2013.
e. Impairment of Assets
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external
factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount
of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is
the greater of the asset's net selling price and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted
to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
f. Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on
an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at
cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a
decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.
g. Inventories
Inventories are valued as follows:
Raw materials, components, stores and spares
Lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other
items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down
below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated
are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a
weighted average basis.
Stock in Process and goods
Finished Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct
materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based
on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise
duty.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated
costs necessary to make the sale.
h. Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Sale of Goods
Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of
ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer. Excise Duty deducted
from turnover (gross) is the amount that is included in the amount of
turnover (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arised during
the year.
Interest
Revenue is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account
the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Dividends
Revenue is recognized when the shareholders' right to receive payment
is established by the balance sheet date.
i. Foreign Currency Transaction
i. Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency by
applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the
reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
ii. Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items which are carried
at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign
currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the
values were determined.
iii. Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reporting company's monetary items at rates different from those at
which they were initially recorded during the year or reported in
previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses
in the year in which they arise except in case of long term
liabilities, where they relate to acquisition of fixed assets, in which
case they are adjusted to the carrying cost of such assets.
iv. Forward Exchange Contracts not intended for trading or speculation
purposes
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contracts is amortized as expense or income over the life of the
contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized in the
statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates
change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of
forward exchange contract is recognized as income or as expense for the
year.
j. Retirement and other employee benefits
i. Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund, in case of
certain employees, are a defined contribution scheme and the
contributions are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss of the
year when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are
no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the
respective trusts.
ii. Gratuity liability and Provident Fund, in case of other employees
not covered under defined contribution scheme, are defined benefit
obligations. Gratuity liability is provided for on the basis of an
actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of
each financial year. Provident Fund contribution to the Trust is
charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year when the
contribution to the fund is due. Any deficit in the fund is provided
for and funded.
iii. Short term compensated absences are provided for based on
estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on
actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected
unit credit method.
iv. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to Statement of
Profit and Loss and are not deferred.
k. Income taxes
Tax expense comprises of current tax. Current income tax is measured at
the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance
with the Indian Income Tax Act.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations
where the company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax
losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realized
against future taxable profits.
Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The
company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the
extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as
the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such
write- down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably
certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient
future taxable income will be available.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognized
deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
l. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Partly
paid equity shares are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the
extent that they were entitled to participate in dividends relative to
a fully paid equity share during the reporting period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
m. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities & Contingent Assets
A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates. Provision for expenditure relating to voluntary retirement
is made when the employee accepts the offer of early retirement.
n. Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank
and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of
three months or less.
o. Derivative Instruments
The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward
exchange contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency
fluctuations. Accounting policy for forward exchange contracts is given
in note i (iv) above.
Mar 31, 2014
A. Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the Notified accounting standard by Companies Accounting
Standards Rules, 2006 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act,
1956. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical
cost convention on an accrual basis except in case of assets for which
provision for impairment is made and revaluation is carried out. The
accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and
except for the changes in accounting policy discussed more fully below,
are consistent with those used in the previous year.
b. Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting
period end. Although these estimates are based upon management''s best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
c. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case may
be) less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any. Cost
comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the
asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing costs
relating to acquisition of fixed assets which takes substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the
extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put
to use.
d. Depreciation and Amortisation
i. Leasehold land is amortized over the period of lease.
ii. Intangible assets are amortized over the estimated useful life of
4 years.
iii. Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on pro rata basis with
reference to date of acquisition on straight line method as per rates
in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act 1956 . The continuous process
plant as defined therein have been taken on technical assessment and
depreciation provided accordingly.
iv. Depreciation on incremental revalued amount is provided on the
balance useful life of the assets as determined by an approved Valuer,
the useful life of the assets are lower than that provided in Schedule
XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.
e. Impairment of Assets
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external
factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount
of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is
the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted
to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
f. Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on
an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at
cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a
decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.
g. Inventories
Inventories are valued as follows:
Raw materials, components, stores and spares
Lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other
items held for use in the production of inventories are not written
down below cost if the finished products in which they will be
incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is
determined on a weighted average basis.
Stock in Process and Finished goods
Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials
and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal
operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated
costs necessary to make the sale.
h. Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Sale of Goods
Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of
ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer. Excise Duty deducted
from turnover (gross) is the amount that is included in the amount of
turnover (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arised during
the year.
Interest
Revenue is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account
the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Dividends
Revenue is recognized when the shareholders'' right to receive payment
is established by the balance sheet date.
i. Foreign Currency Translation
i. Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency by
applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the
reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
ii. Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items which are carried
at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign
currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the
values were determined.
iii. Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reporting company''s monetary items at rates different from those at
which they were initially recorded during the year or reported in
previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses
in the year in which they arise except in case of long term
liabilities, where they relate to acquisition of fixed assets, in which
case they are adjusted to the carrying cost of such assets.
iv. Forward Exchange Contracts not intended for trading or speculation
purposes
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contracts is amortized as expense or income over the life of the
contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized in the
statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates
change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of
forward exchange contract is recognized as income or as expense for the
year.
j. Retirement and other employee benefits
i. Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund, in case of
certain employees, are a defined contribution scheme and the
contributions are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss of the
year when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are
no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the
respective trusts.
ii. Gratuity liability and Provident Fund, in case of other employees
not covered under defined contribution scheme, are defined benefit
obligations. Gratuity liability is provided for on the basis of an
actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of
each financial year. Provident Fund contribution to the Trust is
charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year when the
contribution to the fund is due. Any deficit in the fund is provided
for and funded.
iii. Short term compensated absences are provided for based on
estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on
actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected
unit credit method.
iv. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to Statement of
Profit and Loss and are not deferred.
k. Income taxes
Tax expense comprises of current tax. Current income tax is measured at
the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance
with the Indian Income Tax Act.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations
where the company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax
losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realized
against future taxable profits.
Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The
company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the
extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as
the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such
write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain
or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future
taxable income will be available.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognized
deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
l. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Partly
paid equity shares are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the
extent that they were entitled to participate in dividends relative to
a fully paid equity share during the reporting period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
m. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities & Contingent Assets
A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates. Provision for expenditure relating to voluntary retirement
is made when the employee accepts the offer of early retirement.
n. Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank
and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of
three months or less.
o. Derivative Instruments
The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward
exchange contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency
fluctuations. Accounting policy for forward exchange contracts is given
in note i (iv) above.
Mar 31, 2013
A. Basis of preparation
The fnancial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the Notifed accounting standard by Companies Accounting
Standards Rules, 2006 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act,
1956. The fnancial statements have been prepared under the historical
cost convention on an accrual basis except in case of assets for which
provision for impairment is made and revaluation is carried out. The
accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and
except for the changes in accounting policy discussed more fully below,
are consistent with those used in the previous year.
b. Use of estimates
The preparation of fnancial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
fnancial statements and the results of operations during the reporting
period end. Although these estimates are based upon management''s best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
c. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case may
be) less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any. Cost
comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the
asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing costs
relating to acquisition of fxed assets which takes substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the
extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put
to use.
d. Depreciation and Amortisation
i. Leasehold land is amortized over the period of lease.
ii. Intangible assets are amortized over the estimated useful life of
4 years.
iii. Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on pro rata basis with
reference to date of acquisition on straight line method as per rates
in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act 1956. The continuous process plant
as defned therein have been taken on technical assessment and
depreciation provided accordingly.
iv. Depreciation on incremental revalued amount is provided on the
balance useful life of the assets as determined by an approved Valuer,
the useful life of the assets are lower than that provided in Schedule
XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.
e. Impairment of Assets
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external
factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount
of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is
the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash fows are discounted
to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
f. Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classifed as current investments. All other
investments are classifed as long-term investments. Current investments
are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual
investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However,
provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other
than temporary in the value of the investments.
g. Inventories
Inventories are valued as follows:
Raw materials, components, Lower of cost and net realizable value.
However, materials and other items held stores and spares for use in
the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the
fnished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be
sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.
Stock in Process and Finished Lower of cost and net realizable value.
Cost includes direct materials and labour goods and a proportion of
manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity.
Cost of fnished goods includes excise duty.
Catalyst Written off on the basis of its estimated useful life
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated
costs necessary to make the sale.
h. Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefts will fow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Sale of Goods
Revenue is recognized when the signifcant risks and rewards of
ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer. Excise Duty deducted
from turnover (gross) is the amount that is included in the amount of
turnover (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arised during
the year.
Interest
Revenue is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account
the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Dividends
Revenue is recognized when the shareholders'' right to receive payment
is established by the balance sheet date.
i. Foreign Currency Transaction
i. Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency by
applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the
reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
ii. Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items which are carried
at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign
currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the
values were determined.
iii. Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reporting company''s monetary items at rates different from those at
which they were initially recorded during the year or reported in
previous fnancial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses
in the year in which they arise except in case of long term
liabilities, where they relate to acquisition of fxed assets, in which
case they are adjusted to the carrying cost of such assets.
iv. Forward Exchange Contracts not intended for trading or speculation
purposes
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contracts is amortized as expense or income over the life of the
contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized in the
statement of proft and loss in the year in which the exchange rates
change. Any proft or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward
exchange contract is recognized as income or as expense for the year.
j. Retirement and other employee benefts
i. Retirement benefts in the form of Provident Fund, in case of certain
employees, are a defned contribution scheme and the contributions are
charged to the Statement of Proft and Loss of the year when the
contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no other
obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective
trusts.
ii. Gratuity liability and Provident Fund, in case of other employees
not covered under defned contribution scheme, are defned beneft
obligations. Gratuity liability is provided for on the basis of an
actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of
each fnancial year. Provident Fund contribution to the Trust is charged
to Statement of Proft and Loss of the year when the contribution to the
fund is due. Any defcit in the fund is provided for and funded.
iii. Short term compensated absences are provided for based on
estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on
actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected
unit credit method
iv. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to Statement of Proft
and Loss and are not deferred.
k. Income taxes
Tax expense comprises of current tax. Current income tax is measured at
the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance
with the Indian Income Tax Act.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that suffcient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations
where the company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax
losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realized
against future taxable profts.
Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The
company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the
extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as
the case may be, that suffcient future taxable income will be available
against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write- down
is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that suffcient future taxable
income will be available.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognized
deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be that suffcient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
l. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net proft or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Partly
paid equity shares are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the
extent that they were entitled to participate in dividends relative to
a fully paid equity share during the reporting period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
proft or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
m. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities & Contingent Assets
A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event it is probable that an outfow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to refect the current best
estimates. Provision for expenditure relating to voluntary retirement
is made when the employee accepts the offer of early retirement.
n. Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank
and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of
three months or less.
o. Derivative Instruments
The Company uses derivative fnancial instruments such as forward
exchange contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency
fuctuations. Accounting policy for forward exchange contracts is given
in note i (iv) above.
Mar 31, 2012
A. Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the Notified accounting standard by Companies Accounting
Standards Rules, 2006 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act,
1956. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical
cost convention on an accrual basis except in case of assets for which
provision for impairment is made and revaluation is carried out. The
accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and
except for the changes in accounting policy discussed more fully below,
are consistent with those used in the previous year.
b. Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting
period end. Although these estimates are based upon management's best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
c. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case may
be) less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any. Cost
comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the
asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing costs
relating to acquisition of fixed assets which takes substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the
extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put
to use.
d. Depreciation and Amortization
i. Leasehold land is amortized over the period of lease.
ii. Intangible assets are amortized over the estimated useful life of
4 years.
iii. Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on pro rata basis with
reference to date of acquisition on straight line method as per rates
in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act 1956. The continuous process plant
as defined therein have been taken on technical assessment and
depreciation provided accordingly.
iv. Depreciation on incremental revalued amount is provided on the
balance useful life of the assets as determined by an approved Valuer,
the useful life of the assets are lower than that provided in Schedule
XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.
e. Impairment of Assets
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external
factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount
of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is
the greater of the asset's net selling price and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted
to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
f. Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on
an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at
cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a
decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.
g. Inventories
Inventories are valued as follows: .
Raw materials, components, Lower of cost and net realizable value.
However, materials and other items held stores and spares for use in
the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the
finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be
sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.
Stock in Process and finished Lower of cost and net realizable value.
Cost includes direct materials and goods labour and a proportion of
manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of
finished goods includes excise duty.
Catalyst Written off on the basis of its estimated useful life. Net
realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course
of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs
necessary to make the sale.
h. Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Sale of Goods
Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of
ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer. Excise Duty deducted
from turnover (gross) is the amount that is included in the amount of
turnover (gross) and not the entire amount of liability raised during
the year.
Interest
Revenue is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account
the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Dividends
Revenue is recognized when the shareholders right to receive payment
is established by the balance sheet date.
i. Foreign Currency Transaction
i. Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency by
applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the
reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
ii. Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items which are carried
at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign
currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the
values were determined.
iii. Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reporting company's monetary items at rates different from those at
which they were initially recorded during the year or reported in
previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses
in the year in which they arise except in case of long term
liabilities, where they relate to acquisition of fixed assets, in which
case they are adjusted to the carrying cost of such assets.
iv. Forward Exchange Contracts not intended for trading or speculation
purposes
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contracts is amortized as expense or income over the life of the
contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized in the
statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates
change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of
forward exchange contract is recognized as income or as expense for the
year.
j. Retirement and other employee benefits
i. Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund, in case of
certain employees, are a defined contribution scheme and the
contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the year
when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no
other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective
trusts.
ii. Gratuity liability and Provident Fund, in case of other employees
not covered under defined contribution scheme, are defined benefit
obligations. Gratuity liability is provided for on the basis of an
actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of
each financial year. Provident Fund contribution to the Trust is
charged to Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contribution to
the fund is due. Any deficit in the fund is provided for and funded.
iii. Short term compensated absences are provided for based on
estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on
actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected
unit credit method.
iv. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to profit and loss
account and are not deferred, k. Income taxes Tax expense comprises of
current tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to
be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax
Act.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations
where the company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax
losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realized
against future taxable profits.
Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The
company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the
extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as
the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such
write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain
or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future
taxable income will be available.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognized
deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
I. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Partly
paid equity shares are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the
extent that they were entitled to participate in dividends relative to
a fully paid equity share during the reporting period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
m. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities & Contingent Assets
A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates. Provision for expenditure relating to voluntary retirement
is made when the employee accepts the offer of early retirement.
n. Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank
and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of
three months or less.
o. Derivative Instruments
The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward
exchange contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency
fluctuations. Accounting policy for forward exchange contracts is given
in note i (iv) above.
In accordance with ASI 14 (Revised) on disclosure of Revenue from Sales
Transactions issued by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India,
Excise duty on sales amounting to Rs.767.16 lacs (Previous Year
Rs.800.87 lacs) has been reduced from sales in Profit & Loss Account
and Excise duty on increase/decrease in stock amounting to Rs.(8.23)
lacs, (Previous Year Rs.9.74 lacs) has been considered as expense as
above.
Mar 31, 2011
A. Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the Notified accounting standard by Companies Accounting
Standards Rules, 2006 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act,
1956. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical
cost convention on an accrual basis except in case of assets for which
provision for impairment is made and revaluation is carried out. The
accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and
except for the changes in accounting policy discussed more fully below,
are consistent with those used in the previous year.
b. Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting
period end. Although these estimates are based upon management's best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
c. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case may
be) less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any. Cost
comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the
asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing costs
relating to acquisition of fixed assets which takes substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the
extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put
to use.
d. Depreciation and Amortisation
i. Leasehold land is amortized over the period of lease.
ii. Intangible assets are amortized over the estimated useful life of
4 years.
iii. Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on pro rata basis with
reference to date of acquisition on straight line method as per rates
in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act 1956 . The continuous process
plant as defined therein have been taken on technical assessment and
depreciation provided accordingly.
iv. Depreciation on incremental revalued amount is provided on the
balance useful life of the assets as determined by an approved Valuer,
the useful life of the assets are lower than that provided in Schedule
XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.
e. Impairment of Assets
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external
factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount
of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is
the greater of the asset's net selling price and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted
to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
f. Investments
Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on
an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at
cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a
decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.
g. Inventories
Inventories are valued as follows:
Raw materials, Lower of cost and net realizable value. However,
materials and other items held components, stores and for use in the
production of inventories are not written down below cost if the spares
finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be
sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.
Stock in Process and Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost
includes direct materials and labour
finished goods and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on
normal operating capacity.
Cost of finished goods includes excise duty.
Catalyst Written off on the basis of its estimated useful life
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated
costs necessary to make the sale.
h. Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
sale of Goods
Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of
ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer. Excise Duty deducted
from turnover (gross) is the amount that is included in the amount of
turnover (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arised during
the year.
Interest
Revenue is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account
the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Dividends
Revenue is recognized when the shareholders' right to receive payment
is established by the balance sheet date.
i. Foreign Currency translation
i. Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency by
applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the
reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
ii. Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items which are carried
at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign
currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the
values were determined.
iii. Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reporting company's monetary items at rates different from those at
which they were initially recorded during the year or reported in
previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses
in the year in which they arise.
iv. Forward Exchange Contracts not intended for trading or speculation
purposes
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contracts is amortized as expense or income over the life of the
contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized in the
statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates
change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of
forward exchange contract is recognized as income or as expense for the
year.
j. Retirement and other employee benefits
i. Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund, in case of
certain employees, are a defined contribution scheme and the
contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the year
when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no
other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective
trusts.
ii. Gratuity liability and Provident Fund, in case of other employees
not covered under defined contribution scheme, are defined benefit
obligations. Gratuity liability is provided for on the basis of an
actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of
each financial year. Provident Fund contribution to the Trust is
charged to Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contribution to
the fund is due. Any deficit in the fund is provided for and funded.
iii. Short term compensated absences are provided for based on
estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on
actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected
unit credit method.
iv. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to profit and loss
account and are not deferred.
k. Income taxes
Tax expense comprises of current tax. Current income tax is measured at
the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance
with the Indian Income Tax Act.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations
where the company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax
losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realized
against future taxable profits.
Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The
company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the
extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as
the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such
write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain
or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future
taxable income will be available.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognized
deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
l. earnings Per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Partly
paid equity shares are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the
extent that they were entitled to participate in dividends relative to
a fully paid equity share during the reporting period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
m. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities & Contingent Assets
A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates. Provision for expenditure relating to voluntary retirement
is made when the employee accepts the offer of early retirement.
n. Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank
and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of
three months or less.
o. Derivative Instruments
The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward
exchange contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency
fluctuations. Accounting policy for forward exchange contracts is given
in note I (iv) above.
Mar 31, 2010
A. Basis of preparation
The fnancial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the Notifed accounting standard by Companies Accounting
Standards Rules, 2006 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act,
1956. The fnancial statements have been prepared under the historical
cost convention on an accrual basis except in case of assets for which
provision for impairment is made and revaluation is carried out. The
accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and
except for the changes in accounting policy discussed more fully below,
are consistent with those used in the previous year.
b. Use of estimates
The preparation of fnancial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
fnancial statements and the results of operations during the reporting
period end. Although these estimates are based upon managements best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
c. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case may
be) less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any. Cost
comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the
asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing costs
relating to acquisition of fxed assets which takes substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the
extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put
to use.
d. Depreciation and Amortisation
i. Leasehold land is amortized over the period of lease.
ii. Intangible assets are amortised over the estimated useful life of
4 years.
iii. Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on pro rata basis with
reference to date of acquisition on straight line method as per rates
in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act 1956 . The continuous process
plant as defned therein have been taken on technical assessment and
depreciation provided accordingly.
iv. Depreciation on incremental revalued amount is provided on the
balance useful life of the assets as determined by an approved Valuer,
the useful life of the assets are lower than that provided in Schedule
XIV of the Companies Act 1956.
e. Impairment of Assets
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external
factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount
of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is
the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash fows are discounted
to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
f. Investments
Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classifed as current investments. All other
investments are classifed as long-term investments. Current investments
are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual
investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However,
provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a decline other
than temporary in the value of the investments.
g. Inventories
Inventories are valued as follows:
Raw materials, Lower of cost and net realizable value. However,
materials and other items held components, stores and for use in the
production of inventories are not written down below cost if the spares
fnished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be
sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.
Stock in Process and Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost
includes direct materials and labour fnished goods and a proportion of
manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of
fnished goods includes excise duty.
Catalyst written off on the basis of its estimated useful life
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated
costs necessary to make the sale.
h. Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefts will fow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Sale of Goods
Revenue is recognised when the signifcant risks and rewards of
ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer. Excise Duty deducted
from turnover (gross) is the amount that is included in the amount of
turnover (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arised during
the year.
Interest
Revenue is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account
the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Dividends
Revenue is recognised when the shareholders right to receive payment
is established by the balance sheet date.
i. Foreign Currency Translation
i. Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency by
applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the
reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
ii. Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items which are carried
at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign
currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the
values were determined.
iii. Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reporting companys monetary items at rates different from those at
which they were initially recorded during the year or reported in
previous fnancial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses
in the year in which they arise.
iv. Forward Exchange Contracts not intended for trading or speculation
purposes
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of the
contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognised in the
statement of proft and loss in the year in which the exchange rates
change. Any proft or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward
exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense for the year.
j. Retirement and other employee benefts
i. Retirement benefts in the form of Provident Fund, in case of certain
employees, are a defned contribution scheme and the contributions are
charged to the Proft and Loss Account of the year when the
contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no other
obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective
trusts.
ii. Gratuity liability and Provident Fund, in case of other employees
not covered under defned contribution scheme, are defned beneft
obligations. Gratuity liability is provided for on the basis of an
actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of
each fnancial year. Provident Fund contribution to the Trust is charged
to Proft and Loss Account of the year when the contribution to the fund
is due. Any defcit in the fund is provided for and funded.
iii. Short term compensated absences are provided for based on
estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on
actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected
unit credit method.
iv. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to proft and loss
account and are not deferred.
k. Income taxes
Tax expense comprises of current tax. Current income tax is measured at
the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance
with the Indian Income Tax Act.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that suffcient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations
where the company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax
losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realised
against future taxable profts.
Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The
company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the
extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as
the case may be, that suffcient future taxable income will be available
against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down
is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that suffcient future taxable
income will be available.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognised
deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be that suffcient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
l. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net proft or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Partly
paid equity shares are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the
extent that they were entitled to participate in dividends relative to
a fully paid equity share during the reporting period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
proft or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
m. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities & Contingent Assets
A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event it is probable that an outfow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to refect the current best
estimates. Provision for expenditure relating to voluntary retirement
is made when the employee accepts the offer of early retirement.
n. Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank
and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of
three months or less.
o. Derivative Instruments
The Company uses derivative fnancial instruments such as forward
exchange contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency
fuctuations. Accounting policy for forward exchange contracts is given
in note i (iv) above.
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