Mar 31, 2025
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises:
None of the parties are identified as being registered under the Micro, Small and Medium enterprises Development Act,2006 (âMSME Actâ) on the basis of information available with the Company. Hence the disclosure as per MSME Act is not applicable to the Company. The same has been relied upon by the auditors.
29. In the opinion of the management, the current assets, loans and advances have the values on realization in the ordinary course of business at least equal to the amounts at which they are stated in the balance sheet except the trade receivables and loans and advances which falls under managementâs policy for bad and doubtful debts as taken in the previous years.
30. Closing Balances are relied upon as per books of accounts wherever the confirmations from debtors and creditors are not available. Debtors and Creditors Balances are subject to Confirmation. Debtors & Creditors Balances are as per Management representation and relied upon by the auditors
31. The Company has not made any transaction with the struck off companies during the previous Year.
32. The Company does not have any Virtual Currency / Crypto Currency during the previous Year.
33. As certified by the Management there is no obligation in respect of gratuity and leave encashment during the year. The same is relied upon by the Director.
34. The Company does not have any pending creation of charge and satisfaction as well as registration with ROC.
35. No proceedings have been initiated during the year or are pending against the Company as at 31st March, 2025 for holding any Benami property under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 (as amended in 2016) and rules made thereunder.
36. There is no âundisclosed incomeâ which has been reported by the Company during the assessment.
37. No funds (which are material either individually or in the aggregate) have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any other person or entity, including foreign entity (âIntermediariesâ), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall, whether, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company (âUltimate Beneficiariesâ) or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
38. No funds (which are material either individually or in the aggregate) have been received by the Company from any person or entity, including foreign entity (âFunding Partiesâ), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Company shall, whether, directly or indirectly, lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (âUltimate Beneficiariesâ) or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
39. As per sec 135 of the Companies Act, 2013, Companies are required to spend 2% of there Net profits over the three immediately preceding financial years as Corporate Social Responsibility. Since the company has not fulfilled the conditions laid down in Sec 135 thus CSR is not Applicable to the Company.
40. The Company has not been declared willful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or government or any government authority.
41. The Company does not have any immovable property, hence no disclosure regarding title deeds of Immovable Property (other than properties where the Company is the lessee and the lease agreements are duly executed in favor of the lessee) is required to be disclosed.
42. During the year, the Company has not revalued its Property, Plant and Equipment (including Right-of-Use Assets).
43. The company does not hold any intangible assets during the year March 31, 2025.
The companyâs objectives when managing capital are to
⢠safeguard their ability to continue as a going concern, so that they can continue to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders, and
⢠maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital.
The capital structure of the Company is based on managementâs judgement of the appropriate balance of key elements in order to meet its strategic and day-today needs. We consider the amount of capital in proportion to risk and manage the capital structure in light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets.
The management monitors the return on capital as well as the level of dividends to shareholders. The Company will take appropriate steps in order to maintain, or if necessary, adjust, its capital structure.
The carrying amounts of trade receivables, cash and bank balances, current loans, current borrowings, and trade payables are considered to be approximately equal to the fair value.
I. Fair value hierarchy
"The fair values of the financial assets and liabilities are included at the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
This section explains the judgements and estimates made in determining the fair values of the financial instruments that are
(a) recognized and measured at fair value and,
(b) measured at amortized cost and for which fair values are disclosed in the financial statements.
To provide an indication about the reliability of the inputs used in determining fair value, the company has classified its financial instruments into the three levels prescribed under the Indian accounting standard. An explanation of each level is as follows:"
Level 1: Level 1 hierarchy includes financial instruments measured using quoted prices. For example, listed equity instruments that have quoted market price.
Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market (for example, traded bonds, over-the- counter derivatives) is determined using valuation techniques which maximise the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on entity-specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2.
Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3. This is the case for unlisted equity securities, contingent consideration and indemnification asset included in level 3.
II. Valuation techniques used to determine fair value
"Significant valuation techniques used to value financial instruments include:
⢠the fair value of forward foreign exchange contracts is determined using forward exchange rates at the balance sheet date."
⢠Use of quoted market price or dealer quotes for similar instruments
⢠Using discounted cash flow analysis.
The fair values computed above for assets measured at amortised cost are based on discounted cash flows using a current borrowing rate. They are classified as level 2 fair values in the fair value hierarchy due to the use of unobservable inputs.
The Company has exposure to the following risks arising from financial instruments:
⢠Credit risk;
⢠Liquidity risk; and
⢠Market risk
A. Credit risk
Credit risk refers to the risk of default on its obligation by the counterparty resulting in a financial loss. The company is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities (primarily for trade receivables and loans) and from its financing activities (deposits with banks and other financial instruments).
Credit risk management
Credit risk is managed through credit approvals, establishing credit limits and continuously monitoring the credit worthiness of customers to which the Company grants credit terms in the normal course of business. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful debts and impairment that represents its estimate of incurred losses in respect of trade and other receivables and investments.
The Companyâs maximum exposure to credit risk as at 31st March, 2025 and 2024 is the carrying value of each class of financial assets.
i. Trade and other receivables
Credit risk on trade receivables is limited based on past experience and management''s estimate.
ii. Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company held cash and bank balance with credit worthy banks of Rs. 39.53 Lakhs at March 31, 2025, and (Rs. 23.5 Lakhs at March 31, 2024). The credit risk on cash and cash equivalents is limited as the Company generally invests in deposits with banks where credit risk is largely perceived to be extremely insignificant.
Liquidity risk is defined as the risk that the Company will not be able to settle or meet its obligations on time or at a reasonable price. For the Company, liquidity risk arises from obligations on account of financial liabilities - trade payables and borrowings.
Liquidity risk management
"The Companyâs approach to managing liquidity is to ensure that it will have sufficient funds to meet its liabilities when due without incurring unacceptable losses. In doing this, management considers both normal and stressed conditions. A material and sustained shortfall in our cash flow could undermine the Companyâs credit rating and impair investor confidence.
The Company maintained a cautious funding strategy, with a positive cash balance throughout the year ended 31st March, 2025 and 31st March, 2024. This was the result of cash delivery from the business. Cash flow from operating activities provides the funds to service the financing of financial liabilities on a day-to-day basis. The Companyâs treasury department regularly monitors the rolling forecasts to ensure it has sufficient cash on-going basis to meet operational needs. Any short-term surplus cash generated by the operating entities, over and above the amount required for working capital management and other operational requirements, are retained as cash and cash equivalents (to the extent required).â
Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates and equity prices will affect the Companyâs income or the value of its holdings of financial instruments. Market risk is attributable to all market risk sensitive financial instruments. The Company is exposed to market risk primarily related to interest rate risk and the market value of the investments.
i. Currency Risk
The functional currency of the Company is Indian Rupee. Currency risk is not material, as the Company does not have any exposure in foreign currency.
ii. Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk can be either fair value interest rate risk or cash flow interest rate risk. Fair value interest rate risk is the risk of changes in fair values of fixed interestbearing investments because of fluctuations in the interest rates. Cash flow interest rate risk is the risk that the future cash flows of floating interest-bearing investments will fluctuate because of fluctuations in the interest rates.
Exposure to interest rate risk
According to the Company interest rate risk exposure is only for floating rate borrowings. Company does not have any floating rate borrowings on any of the Balance Sheet date disclosed in these financial statements.
iii. Price Risk
Price risk is the risk that the fair value of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to changes in market traded price. It arises from financial assets such as investments in quoted instruments.
a. Fair value sensitivity analysis for fixed rate Instruments
The Company does not account for any fixed rate financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through Profit or Loss. Therefore, a change in interest rates at the reporting date would not affect Profit or Loss.
b. Cash flow sensitivity analysis for variable rate Instruments
The company does not have any variable rate instrument in Financial Assets or Financial Liabilities.
Mar 31, 2024
The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are set out below. The policies have been consistently applied to all years presented, unless otherwise stated. The presentation of financial statements requires the use of certain accounting estimates. The areas where significant judgments and estimates have been made in preparing the financial statements and their effects are disclosed.
Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. The cost of an item of Property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price, including import duties and other non-refundable taxes or levies and any directly
attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use with any trade discounts or rebates being deducted in arriving at purchase price. Cost of the assets also includes interest on borrowings attributable to acquisition, if any, of qualifying fixed assets incurred up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use.
If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of Property, plant and equipment.
Cost of Property, plant and equipment not ready for intended use as on the balance sheet date, is disclosed as capital work in progress. Advances given towards acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date are disclosed as Capital Advances under Other non-current Assets.
Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property plant and equipment is recognised in statement of profit and loss.
Subsequent costs are included in the assetâs carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during the period in which they are incurred.
Depreciation is provided based on estimated useful life prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 on Written down Value Method. Depreciation on assets added/disposed off during the year is provided on pro-rata basis from the date of addition or up to the date of disposal, as applicable.
The residual values, useful lives and method of depreciation of property, plant and equipment is reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is computed on a weighted average basis. Cost of finished goods and work-in-progress include all costs of purchases, conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. The net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
Cash and cash equivalents are short-term (three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
(A) Financial Assets
Recognition and measurement
Financial assets are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. On initial recognition, a financial asset is recognised at fair value, in case of financial assets which are recognised at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), its transaction cost is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. In other cases, the transaction costs are attributed to the acquisition value of the financial asset.
Financial assets are subsequently classified as measured at
⢠amortised cost
⢠Fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)
⢠Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI)
(a) Measured at amortised cost: Financial assets that are held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest, are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (âEIRâ) method less impairment, if any. The amortisation of EIR and loss arising from impairment, if any, is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
(b) Measured at fair value through other comprehensive income: Financial assets that are held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both, selling financial assets and collecting contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest, are subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). Interest income measured using the EIR method and impairment losses, if any are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On de-recognition, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to âother incomeâ in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
(c) Measured at fair value through profit or loss: A financial asset not classified as either amortised cost or FVOCI, is classified as FVTPL. Such financial assets are measured at fair value with all changes in fair value, including interest income and dividend income if any, recognised as âother incomeâ in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.
Trade Receivables and Loans:
Trade receivables and loans are initially recognised at fair value. Subsequently, these assets are held at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate (EIR) method net of any expected credit losses. The EIR is the rate that discounts estimated future cash income through the expected life of financial instrument.
Equity Instruments:
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company is recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.
All investments in equity instruments classified under financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are measured at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may, on initial recognition, irrevocably elect to measure the same either at FVOCI or FVTPL. The Company makes such election on an
instrument-by-instrument basis. Fair value changes on an equity instrument shall be recognised as âother incomeâ in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless the Company has elected to measure such instrument at FVOCI. Fair value changes excluding dividends, on an equity instrument measured at FVOCI are recognised in OCI. Amounts recognised in OCI are not subsequently reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Dividend income on the investments in equity instruments are recognised as âother incomeâ in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the contractual rights to receive the cash flows from the asset.
Expected credit losses are recognized for all financial assets subsequent to initial recognition other than financials assets in FVTPL category. For financial assets other than trade receivables, as per Ind AS 109, the Company recognises 12 month expected credit losses for all originated or acquired financial assets if at the reporting date the credit risk of the financial asset has not increased significantly since its initial recognition. The expected credit losses are measured as lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on financial asset increases significantly since its initial recognition. The Companyâs trade receivables do not contain significant financing component and loss allowance on trade receivables is measured at an amount equal to life time expected losses i.e. expected cash shortfall. The impairment losses and reversals are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, if any.
Financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial liabilities are initially measured at the amortised cost unless at initial recognition, they are classified as fair value through profit and loss. In case of trade payables, they are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently, these liabilities are held at amortised cost, using the effective interest method.
Financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Financial liabilities carried at fair value through profit or loss is measured at fair value with all changes in fair value recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expires.
Mar 31, 2023
I. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
A BASIS OF PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India under the historical cost convention on accrual basis. These financial statemnets have been prepared to comply in all material respects with the Accounting Standards specified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act") read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and other relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013. All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the criteria set out in the schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013.
B USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contigent liabilities as on the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period reported. Although, these estimates are based upon management''s knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from those estimates and revisions, if any, are recongnized in the current and future periods.
C FIXED ASSETS
Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation/ amortisation. Costs include all expenses directly attributable to bring the assets to its present location and condition. None of the assets were revalued during the course of the year.
D DEPRECIATION AND AMORTISATION
Depreciation on the tangible assets is provided as per Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 or as prescribed by the Management based on technical evaluation. Depreciation for assets purchased/sold during a period is proportionately charged.
E INVENTORIES
Inventories are valued lower of Cost or Net Realisable Value.
F IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS
The carrying amount of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An asset is impaired when the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. An impairment loss recognised in prior accounting periods is reversed if there has been change in the estimate of the recoverable amount.
G EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic Earnings Per Share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to Equity Shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
H REVENUE RECOGNITION
The Company recognizes income on accrual basis. Sales are recognised when significant risks and rewards are transferred to the buyer as per the contractual terms or on dispatch where such dispatch coincides with transfer of significant risks and rewards to the buyer. However, where the ultimate collection of the same lacks reasonable certainty, revenue recognition is postponed to the extent of uncertainty.
I PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND CONTINGENT ASSETS
Provisions involving a substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed in the Financial Statements. Contingent Assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the Financial Statements.
J Investments:
Long Term investments are stated at cost and provision is made when there is a decline, other than temporary, in the value thereof
Current Investments are carried at lower of cost and market value.
K Borrowing Costs:
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.
L Foreign Currency Transactions:
Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction or that approximates the actual rate at the date of the transaction.
M Employee Benefits:
Short-term employee benefits are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Profit & Loss Account of the year in which the related service is rendered.
N Provision for Current and Deferred Tax:
Provision for current tax is made after taking into consideration benefits admissible under the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Deferred Tax resulting from "timing difference" between taxable and accounting income is accounted for using the tax rates and laws that are enacted or substantively enacted as on the balance sheet date. Deferred tax asset is recognised and carried forward only to the extent that there is virtual certainity that the asset will be realised in future.
Mar 31, 2018
A. Basis Of Preparation Of Financial Statements
These financial statemnets have been prepared to comply in all material respects with the Accounting Standards specified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (âthe Actâ) read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and other relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013. All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the criteria set out in the schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013.
B. Use Of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contigent liabilities as on the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period reported. Although, these estimates are based upon managementâs knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from those estimates and revisions, if any, are recongnized in the current and future periods.
C. Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation/ amortisation. Costs include all expenses directly attributable to bring the assets to its present location and condition. None of the assets were revalued during the course of the year.
D. Depreciation And Amortisation
Depreciation on the tangible assets is provided as per Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 or as prescribed by the Management based on technical evaluation. Depreciation for assets purchased/sold during a period is proportionately charged.
E. Inventories
Inventories are valued lower of Cost or Net Realisable Value.
F. Impairment Of Assets
The carrying amount of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An asset is impaired when the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. An impairment loss recognised in prior accounting periods is reversed if there has been change in the estimate of the recoverable amount.
G. Earnings Per Share
Basic Earnings Per Share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to Equity Shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
H. Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes income on accrual basis. Sales are recognised when significant risks and rewards are transferred to the buyer as per the contractual terms or on dispatch where such dispatch coincides with transfer of significant risks and rewards to the buyer. However, where the ultimate collection of the same lacks reasonable certainity, revenue recognition is postponed to the extent of uncertainly.
I. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities And Contingent Assets
Provisions involving a substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed in the Financial Statements. Contingent Assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the Financial Statements.
J. Investments
Long Term investments are stated at cost and provision is made when there is a decline, other than temporary, in the value thereof. Current Investments are carried at lower of cost and market value.
K. Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.
L. Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction or that approximates the actual rate at the date of the transaction.
M. Employee Benefits
Short-term employee benefits are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Profit & Loss Account of the year in which the related service is rendered.
N. Provision for Current and Deferred Tax
Provision for current tax is made after taking into consideration benefits admissible under the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Deferred Tax resulting from âtiming differenceâ between taxable and accounting income is accounted for using the tax rates and laws that are enacted or substantively enacted as on the balance sheet date. Deferred tax asset is recognised and carried forward only to the extent that there is virtual certainity that the asset will be realised in future.
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