Home  »  Company  »  Adani Enterprises  »  Quotes  »  Accounting Policy
Enter the first few characters of Company and click 'Go'

Accounting Policies of Adani Enterprises Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2023

1 Corporate Information

Adani Enterprises Limited (the Company'', ''AEL'') is a listed listed public company domiciled in India and incorporated under the provisions of Companies Act, 1956, having its registered office at "Adani Corporate House”, Shantigram, Near Vaishno Devi Circle, S. G. Highway, Khodiyar, Ahmedabad - 382421, Gujarat, India. Its shares are listed on the BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited. The Company is in the business of integrated resource management, mining services and other trading activities. The Company operates as an incubator, establishing new businesses in various areas like new energy ecosystem, data center, airports, roads, copper, digital, food FMCG and others.

2 Significant Accounting Policies

I Basis of Preparation

a) Statement of Compliance

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended from time to time and other accounting principles generally accepted in India.

These financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention with the exception of certain assets and liabilities that are required to be carried at fair values by Ind AS. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between the market participants at the measurement date.

The financial statements are presented in INR except when otherwise stated. All amounts have been rounded-off to the nearest crore, unless otherwise indicated and amounts less than H 50,000/- have been

presented as "0.00”.

b) Use of Estimates and Judgements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make certain judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) and the accompanying disclosures. Future results could differ due to these estimates and differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognised in the periods in which the results are known / materialised. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis.

Key sources of estimation uncertainty

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting

date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

Significant estimates and assumptions are required in particular for:

i) Useful life of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets:

This involves determination of the estimated useful life of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets and the assessment as to which components of the cost may be capitalised. Useful life of these assets is based on the life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 or based on technical estimates, taking into account the nature of the asset, estimated usage, expected residual values, anticipated technological changes, maintenance support and operating conditions of the asset. Management reviews its estimate of the useful lives of depreciable/ amortisable assets at each reporting date, based on the expected utility of the assets.

ii) Impairment of Non Financial Asset :

Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The fair value

less costs of disposal calculation is based on available data for similar assets or observable market prices less incremental costs for disposing of the asset. The value in use calculation is based on a discounted future cashflows model. The recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for

the discounted future cashflows model as well as the expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used.

iii) Taxes:

The Company''s tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgements are involved in estimating budgeted profits for the purpose of paying advance tax, determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid/recovered for uncertain tax positions. Significant management judgement is also required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies, including estimates of temporary differences reversing on account of available benefits from the Income Tax Act, 1961.

iv) Fair value measurement of financial instruments:

In estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, the Company uses market observable data to the extent available. Where such Level 1 inputs are not available, the Company establishes appropriate valuation techniques and inputs to the model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgment is required in establishing fair values. Judgments include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.

v) Defined benefit plans (Gratuity Benefits):

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations, An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases, attrition rate and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

vi) Inventory Measurement

Measurement of bulk inventory quantities of coal lying at port/ yards is material, complex and involves significant judgement and estimate resulting from measuring the surface area. The Company performs physical counts of above inventory on a periodic basis using internal / external experts to perform volumetric surveys and assessments, basis which the estimate of quantity for these inventories is determined. The variations noted between book records and physical quantities of above inventories are evaluated and appropriately accounted in the books of accounts.

vii) Determination of lease term & discount rate :

Ind AS 116 Leases requires lessee to determine the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The Company makes assessment on the expected lease term on lease by lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any options to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the termination of lease and the importance of the underlying to the Company''s operations taking into account the location of the underlying asset and the availability of the suitable alternatives. The lease term in future periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects the current economic circumstances.

The discount rate is generally based on the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease being evaluated or for a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics.

viii) Asset Retirement Obligation:

The liability for asset retirement obligations are recognised when the Company has an obligation to perform site restoration activity. The recognition and measurement of asset retirement obligations involves the use of estimates and assumptions, viz. the timing of abandonment of site facilities which would depend upon the ultimate life of the project, expected utilization of assets in other projects, the scope of abandonment activity and pre-tax rate applied for discounting.

ix) Recognition and measurement of Contingent liabilities, provisions and uncertain tax positions:

There are various legal, direct and indirect tax matters and other obligations including local and state levies, availing input tax credits etc., which may impact the Company. Evaluation of uncertain liabilities and contingent liabilities arising out of above matters and recognition and measurement of other provisions are based on the assessment of the probability of an outflow of resources, and on past experience and circumstances known at the balance sheet date. The actual outflow of resources at a future date may therefore vary from the figure included in other provisions.

c) Current & Non-Current Classification

Any asset or liability is classified as current if it satisfies any of the following conditions:

i) The asset/liability is expected to be realized/settled in the Company''s normal operating cycle;

ii) The asset is intended for sale or consumption;

iii) The asset/liability is held primarily for the purpose of trading;

iv) The asset/liability is expected to be realized/settled within twelve months after the reporting period;

v) The asset is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date;

vi) In the case of a liability, the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

All other assets and liabilities are classified as non-current. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities respectively.

For the purpose of current/non-current classification of assets and liabilities, the Company has ascertained its normal operating cycle as twelve months. This is based on the nature of services and the time between the acquisition of assets or inventories for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents.

II Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

a) Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation

i) Functional and presentation currency

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR), which is entity''s functional and presentation currency.

ii) Transactions and Balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency, for initial recognition, using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.

All foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates on the reporting date. Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent of exchange differences which are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on foreign currency borrowings that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets which are capitalised as cost of assets. Nonmonetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated.

b) Non Current Assets held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

The Company classifies assets and operations as held for sale / distribution to owners or as discontinued operations if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale / distribution rather than through continuing use. Classification as a discontinued operations occurs upon disposal or when the

operation meets the below criteria, whichever is earlier.

Non Current Assets are classified as held for sale only when both the conditions are satisfied -

1. The sale is highly probable, and

2. The asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms

that are usual and customary for sale of such assets.

Non-current assets which are subject to depreciation are not depreciated or amortized once those classified

as held for sale.

A discontinued operation is a component of the Company''s business, the operations of which can be clearly

distinguished from those of the rest of the Company and

i) is part of a single coordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area

of operations; or

ii) is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale.

Non-current assets held for sale / distribution to owners and discontinued operations are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell / distribute. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale / distribution are presented separately in the balance sheet. The results of discontinued operations are excluded from the overall results of the Company and are presented separately in the statement of profit and loss. Also, the comparative statement of profit and loss is represented as if the operations had been discontinued from the start of the comparative period.

c) Cash & Cash Equivalents

Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposit with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

d) Property, Plant and Equipment Recognition and Measurement

Property, Plant and Equipment including Capital Work in Progress, are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price (net of tax credits, wherever applicable), import duty and other non-refundable taxes or levies and any directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. In case of self-constructed assets, cost includes the costs of all materials used in construction, direct labour and allocation of overheads. Borrowing cost relating to acquisition / construction of Property, Plant and Equipment which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

The Company has elected to regard previous GAAP carrying values of property, plant and equipment as deemed cost at the date of transition to Ind AS i.e. 1st April, 2015

Subsequent Measurement

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of Property, Plant and Equipment are included in its carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Subsequent costs are depreciated over the residual life of the respective assets. All other expenses on existing Property, Plant and Equipment including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period during which such

expenses are incurred.

Capital Work in Progress

Expenditure related to and incurred during implementation of capital projects to get the assets ready for intended use is included under "Capital Work in Progress”. The same is allocated to the respective items of property plant and equipment on completion of construction/ erection of the capital project/ property plant and equipment. The cost of asset not ready for its intended use before the year end & capital inventory are

disclosed under capital work in progress.

Depreciation

Depreciation is provided using straight-line method as specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 or based on technical estimates. Depreciation on assets added / disposed off during the year is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition / disposal.

Derecognition

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying amount of the assets and is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

e) Investment Properties

i) Property which are held for long-term rental yields or for capital appreciation or both, are classified as Investment Properties. Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. The fair value of investment properties is disclosed in the notes.

The Company has elected to regard previous GAAP carrying values of investment properties as deemed cost at the date of transition to Ind AS i.e 1st April, 2015.

ii) The Company depreciates investment properties over their estimated useful lives, as specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

iii) Investment properties are derecognised either when they have been disposed off or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the property is derecognised.

f) Intangible Assets

i) Intangible assets are measured on initial recognition at cost and are subsequently carried at cost

less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangibles are not capitalised.

Mine Development Assets include expenses pertaining to land and mine development, initial overburden removal, environmental and other regulatory approvals etc. It represents expenses incurred towards development of mines where the Company is operating as operator and developer.

The Company has elected to regard previous GAAP carrying values of intangible assets as deemed cost at the date of transition to Ind AS i.e. 1st April, 2015.

ii) The intangible assets of the Company are assessed to be of finite lives and are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The Company reviews amortisation period on an annual basis.

Intangible assets are amortised on straight line basis over their estimated useful lives as follows:

Intangible Assets

Estimated Useful Life (Years)

Software applications

3-5 Years based on management estimate

Mine Development Assets

Over a period of underlying contract

iii) Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of

Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised,

Intangible Assets under Development

Expenditure incurred during development of intangible assets is included under "Intangible Assets under Development”. The same is allocated to the respective items of intangible assets on completion

of the project.

g) Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs. Each CGU represents the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit or Loss.

Assets (other than goodwill) for which impairment loss has been recognised in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss.

Impairment is determined for goodwill by assessing the recoverable amount of CGU to which such goodwill relates. When the recoverable amount of the CGU is less than its carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognised. Impairment losses relating to goodwill cannot be reversed in future periods.

h) Investment in Subsidiaries, Jointly Controlled Entities, Associates and Unincorporated Entities

Investment in Subsidiaries, Joint Controlled Entities and Associates are measured at cost less impairment in

accordance with Ind AS 27 "Separate Financial Statements”.

In case of unincorporated entities in the nature of a Joint Operation, the Company recognizes its direct right and its share of jointly held or incurred assets, liabilities, contingent liabilities, revenues and expenses

of joint operations. These have been incorporated in these financial statements under the appropriate

headings,

i) Financial Instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity,

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value, except for trade receivables which are measured at transaction price, Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss.

The financial assets comprise of trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents, other bank balances and deposits, interest accrued, security deposits, intercorporate deposits, contract assets and other receivables. These assets are measured subsequently at amortised cost.

The financial liabilities comprise of borrowings, lease liabilities, retention and capital creditors, interest accrued, deposit from customers, trade and other payables.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset when the Company has a legally enforceable right (not contingent on future events) to off-set the recognised amounts either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognised at the proceeds

received, net of direct issue costs.

A) Financial Assets Initial Recognition

All financial assets, except trade receivables, are initially recognised at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets, which are not at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss, are adjusted to the fair value on initial recognition.

Subsequent Measurement

Business Model Assessment

The Company makes an assessment of the objectives of the business model in which a financial asset is held because it best reflects the way business is managed and information is provided to management. The assessment of business model comprises the stated policies and objectives of the financial assets, management strategy for holding the financial assets, the risk that affects the performance etc. Further

management also evaluates whether the contractual cash flows are solely payment of principal and interest considering the contractual terms of the instrument.

The subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification, as described below:

1) At amortised cost

A financial asset is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met :

(a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting

contractual cash flows, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise, on specified dates, to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.

The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial assets, or where appropriate, a shorter period, to the gross carrying amount on initial recognition.

2) At Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI)

A financial asset is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:

(a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognised in the Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) and on derecognition, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified to Statement of Profit and Loss. For equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present subsequent changes in the fair value in OCI. If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to Statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of investment.

3) At Fair Value through Profit & Loss (FVTPL)

Financial assets which are not measured at amortised cost or FVTOCI and are held for trading are measured at FVTPL.

In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets

amortised cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ''accounting

mismatch'').

Equity investments

All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. The Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to profit and loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the

cumulative gain or loss within equity.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes

recognised in the profit and loss.

Derecognition

On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between the asset''s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognised in Statement of Profit

and Loss on disposal of that financial asset.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the financial assets and credit risk exposure. The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its receivables based on historical trends and past experience.

The Company follows ''Simplified Approach'' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on all trade receivables or contractual receivables. Under the simplified approach the Company does not track changes in credit risk, but it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the group determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12 month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used.

ECL is the difference between all contracted cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at the original EIR. ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognised during the period is recognised

as income / (expense) in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

B) Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition as at amortised cost or fair value through profit or loss. The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

1) At amortised cost

This is the category most relevant to the Company. After initial recognition, financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

2) At fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as such. Subsequently, any changes in fair value are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition of Financial Liability

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. An exchange with a lender of debt instruments with substantially different terms is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability.

Similarly, a substantial modification of the terms of an existing financial liability is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability.

C) Derivative financial instruments

Initial recognition and subsequent measurement

The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward and options currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised and subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL). Derivatives are carried as financial

assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivative financial instrument are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and reported with foreign exchange gains/(loss). Changes in fair value and gains/(losses) on settlement of foreign currency derivative financial instruments relating to

borrowings, which have not been designated as hedge are recorded as finance cost.

j) Income Taxes

Income tax expense comprises current tax expense and the net change in the deferred tax asset or liability during the year. Current and deferred taxes are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity,

respectively.

i) Current Tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. Current income tax(including Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT)) is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-Tax

Act, 1961 enacted in India. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantially enacted, at the reporting date.

Current income tax relating to items recognised outside the statement of profit and loss is recognised outside the statement of profit and loss (either in other comprehensive income (OCI) or in equity). Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

ii) Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is recognised using the Balance Sheet approach. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised for deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount, except when the deferred tax arises from the initial recognition of

an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised. The carrying amount of unrecognised deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date to assess their realisability and corresponding adjustment is made to carrying

values of deferred tax assets in the financial statements.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been

enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where a legally enforceable right exists to offset current

tax assets and liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority. Net outstanding balance in Deferred Tax account is recognized as deferred tax liability/asset.

Deferred tax includes MAT tax credit. The Company recognises tax credits in the nature of MAT credit as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income

tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which tax credit is allowed to be carried forward. In

the year in which the Company recognises tax credits as an asset, the said asset is created by way of tax credit to the statement of profit and loss. The Company reviews such tax credit asset at each reporting

date to assess its recoverability.

k) Inventories

i) Inventories are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value.

ii) Cost of inventories have been computed to include all costs of purchases, cost of conversion, all nonrefundable duties & taxes and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location

and condition.

iii) The basis of determining cost for various categories of inventories are as follows:

Traded goods Weighted Average Cost

Stores and Spares Weighted Average Cost

iv) Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated cost of completion and estimated cost necessary to make the sale. Necessary adjustment for shortage /

excess stock is given based on the available evidence and past experience of the Company.

l) Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognised for when the Company has at present, legal or contractual obligation as a result of past events, only if it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic outgo or loss will be required and if the amount involved can be measured reliably. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost. The Company recognises provision for asset retirement obligation in accordance with the mining services contract.

Contingent liabilities being a possible obligation as a result of past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more future events not wholly in control of the Company are not recognised in the accounts. The nature of such liabilities and an estimate of its financial effect are disclosed in notes to the financial statements.

Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements. The nature of such assets and an estimate of its financial effect are disclosed in notes to the financial statements.

m) Revenue Recognition

Revenue from contract with customer is recognised upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers on complete satisfaction of performance obligations for an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. Revenue is measured based on the transaction price, which is the consideration, adjusted for discounts and other incentives, if any, as per contracts with the customers. Revenue also excludes taxes or amounts collected from customers in its capacity as agent.

The specific recognition criteria from various stream of revenue is described below:

(i) Sale of Goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when the Company transfers control of the goods, generally on delivery, or when the goods have been dispatched to the customer''s specified location as per the terms of contract, provided the company has not retained any significant risk of ownership or future

obligation with respect to the goods dispatched.

(ii) Rendering of Services

Revenue from services rendered is recognised when the work is performed and as per the terms of

agreement.

(iii) Dividends

Revenue is recognised when the Company''s right to receive the payment is established, which is

generally when shareholders approve the dividend,

(iv) Interest Income

Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset''s net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Contract Assets

A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration that is conditional. The same is disclosed under Other Current Financial Assets.

Trade Receivable

A receivable represents the Company''s right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional i.e. only the passage of time is required before payment of consideration is due.

Contract Liability

A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs under the contract. The same is disclosed under Other Current Liabilities.

n) Employee Benefits

Employee benefits includes gratuity, compensated absences, contribution to provident fund, employees''

state insurance and superannuation fund.

i) Short Term Employee Benefits

Employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as short term employee benefits and recognised in the period in which the employee renders the related service. These are recognised at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service.

ii) Post Employment Benefits Defined Contribution Plans

Retirement benefits in the form of provident fund and superannuation fund are defined contribution schemes. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognises contribution payable to the these funds as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognised as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid.

Defined Benefit Plans

The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan in India, in which contributions are maintained to a separately administered fund. The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined based on actuarial valuation, carried out by an independent actuary, using the projected unit credit method. The liability for gratuity is funded annually to a gratuity funds maintained with the Life Insurance Corporation of India and SBI Life Insurance Company Limited.

Re-measurements gains and losses arising from experience adjustments, changes in actuarial

assumptions and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest) are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in

subsequent periods. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of

defined benefit liability or asset.

The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss in the line item "Employee Benefits Expense”:

¦ Service cost including current service cost, past service cost, gains and losses on curtailments and

non-routine settlements; and

¦ Net interest expense or income.

iii) Other Employee Benefits

Other employee benefits comprise of compensated absences / leaves. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iv) For the purpose of presentation of defined benefit plans and other long term benefits, the allocation between current and non-current provisions has been made as determined by an actuary.

o) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. Borrowing costs consist of interest and transaction costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Transaction costs in respect of long-term borrowings are amortised over the tenor of respective loans using effective interest method. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. Borrowing costs also includes exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

p) Leases

The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at the inception of the contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of

time in exchange for consideration.

Company as a lessee

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the site on

which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

Certain lease arrangements include the option to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. The right-of-use assets and lease liabilities include these options when it is reasonably certain that

the option will be exercised.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain

re-measurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company''s incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

The lease liability is subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Company''s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if there is a change in the lease payments or a change in the assessment of an option to

purchase the underlying asset.

For a lease modification that is not a separate lease, at the effective date of the modification, the lessee accounts for the lease modification by remeasuring the lease liability using a discount rate determined at that date and the lessee makes a corresponding adjustment to the right-of-use asset.

When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use

asset has been reduced to zero.

Lease payments have been classified as financing activities in Statement of Cash Flow.

The Company has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short term leases that have a lease term of less than or equal to 12 months with no purchase option and assets with low value leases. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense in statement of profit and loss over the lease term. The related cash flows are classified as operating activities.

Company as a lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income from operating lease is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Contingent rents are recognised as revenue in the period in which

they are earned.

Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Companies net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.

q) Earnings Per Share

Basic EPS is computed by dividing the profit or loss attributable to the owners of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing the profit or loss attributable to the owners of the Company (after adjusting for costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares) by the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding during the year.

r) Service Work in Progress

Service Work in Progress is valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined based on Weighted Average Cost Method.

Service Work in Progress represents closing inventory of Washed Coal, which is not owned by the Company as per the terms of Mine Development and Operation (MDO) contract. Hence, this represents work performed under contractual liability in bringing this inventory to its present condition and location.

Net realisable value is the contract price as per the MDO Agreement, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

s) Overburden Cost Adjustment

Overburden removal expenses incurred during production stage are charged to revenue based on waste-to-ore ratio, (commonly known as Stripping Ratio in the industry). This ratio is taken based on the current operational phase of overall mining area. To the extent the current period ratio exceeds the expected Stripping Ratio of a phase, excess overburden costs are deferred.

t) Expenditure

Expenses are net of taxes recoverable, where applicable.


Mar 31, 2021

2 Significant Accounting Policies

I Basis of Preparation

a) Statement of Compliance

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended from time to time and other accounting principles generally accepted in India.

These financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention with the exception of certain assets and liabilities

that are required to be carried at fair values by Ind AS. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between the market participants at the measurement date.

The financial statements are presented in INR

except when otherwise stated. All amounts have been rounded-off to the nearest crore, unless otherwise indicated.

b) Use of Estimates and Judgements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management

to make certain judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) and the accompanying disclosures. Future results could differ due to these estimates and differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognised in the periods in which the results are known / materialised. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis.

Significant estimates and assumptions are required in particular for:

i) Useful life of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets:

This involves determination of the estimated useful life of property, plant and equipment

and intangible assets and the assessment as to which components of the cost may be capitalised. Useful life of these assets is based on the life prescribed in Schedule II to the

Companies Act, 2013 or based on technical estimates, taking into account the nature of the asset, estimated usage, expected residual values and operating conditions of the asset. Management reviews its estimate of the useful lives of depreciable/ amortisable assets at each reporting date, based on the expected utility of the assets.

ii) Impairment of Non Financial Asset :

Determining whether property, plant and

equipment and intangible assets are impaired requires an estimation of the value in use of the relevant cash generating units. The value in use calculation is based on a Discounted Cash Flow model over the estimated useful life of the underlying assets or cash generating units. Further, the cash flow projections are based on estimates and assumptions relating to expected revenues, operational performance of the assets, market prices of related products or services, inflation, terminal value etc. which are considered reasonable by the management.

iii) Taxes:

The Company''s tax jurisdiction is India.

Significant judgements are involved in estimating budgeted profits for the purpose of paying advance tax, determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid/recovered for uncertain tax positions. Significant management judgement is also required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies, including estimates of temporary differences reversing on account of available benefits from the Income Tax Act, 1961.

iv) Fair value measurement of financial instruments:

In estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, the Company uses market observable data to the extent available. Where such Level 1 inputs are not available, the Company establishes appropriate valuation techniques and inputs to the model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgment is required in establishing fair values. Judgments include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.

v) Defined benefit plans (Gratuity Benefits):

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

vi) Inventory Measurement

Measurement of bulk inventory quantities of

coal lying at port/ yards is material, complex and involves significant judgement and estimate resulting from measuring the surface area. The Company performs physical counts of above inventory on a periodic basis using internal / external experts to perform volumetric surveys and assessments, basis which the estimate of quantity for these inventories is determined. The variations noted between book records and physical quantities of above inventories are evaluated and appropriately accounted in the books of accounts.

vii) Determination of lease term & discount rate :

Ind AS 116 Leases requires lessee to determine

the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The Company makes assessment on the expected lease term on lease

by lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any options to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the termination of lease and the importance of the underlying to the Company''s operations taking into account the location of the underlying asset and the availability of the suitable alternatives. The lease term in future periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects the current economic circumstances.

The discount rate is generally based on the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease being evaluated or for a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics.

viii) Asset Retirement Obligation:

The liability for asset retirement obligations are recognised when the Company has an obligation to perform site restoration activity. The recognition and measurement of asset retirement obligations involves the use of estimates and assumptions, viz. the timing of abandonment of site facilities which would depend upon the ultimate life of the project, expected utilization of assets in other projects, the scope of abandonment activity and pre-tax rate applied for discounting.

c) Current & Non-Current Classification

Any asset or liability is classified as current if it

satisfies any of the following conditions:

i) The asset/liability is expected to be realized/

settled in the Company''s normal operating cycle;

ii) The asset is intended for sale or consumption;

iii) The asset/liability is held primarily for the

purpose of trading;

iv) The asset/liability is expected to be realized/

settled within twelve months after the reporting period;

v) The asset is cash or cash equivalent unless it

is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after

the reporting date;

vi) In the case of a liability, the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after

the reporting date.

All other assets and liabilities are classified as non-current. Deferred tax assets and liabilities

are classified as non-current assets and liabilities respectively,

For the purpose of current/non-current classification of assets and liabilities, the Company has ascertained its normal operating cycle as twelve months, This is based on the nature of services and the time between the acquisition of assets or inventories for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents,

II Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

a) Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation

i) Functional and presentation currency

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR), which is entity''s functional and

presentation currency,

ii) Transactions and Balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency, for initial recognition,

using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions,

All foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates

on the reporting date. Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent of exchange differences which are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on foreign currency borrowings that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets which are capitalised as cost of assets. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated,

b) Non Current Assets held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

The Company classifies assets and operations

as held for sale / distribution to owners or as discontinued operations if their carrying amounts

will be recovered principally through a sale / distribution rather than through continuing use, Classification as a discontinued operations occurs

upon disposal or when the operation meets the below criteria, whichever is earlier.

Non Current Assets are classified as held for sale

only when both the conditions are satisfied -

1. The sale is highly probable, and

2. The asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for

sale of such assets.

Non-current assets which are subject to

depreciation are not depreciated or amortized once those classified as held for sale.

A discontinued operation is a component of the Company''s business, the operations of which can be clearly distinguished from those of the rest of the Company and

i) is part of a single co-ordinated plan to

dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations; or

ii) is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale.

Non-current assets held for sale / distribution to

owners and discontinued operations are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell / distribute. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale / distribution

are presented separately in the balance sheet. The results of discontinued operations are excluded

from the overall results of the Company and are presented separately in the statement of profit and loss. Also, the comparative statement of profit and loss is re-presented as if the operations had been

discontinued from the start of the comparative period.

c) Cash & Cash Equivalents

Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposit with banks. Cash equivalents are shortterm balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

d) Property, Plant and Equipment Recognition and Measurement

Property, Plant and Equipments, including Capital Work in Progress, are stated at cost of acquisition

or construction less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price (net of tax credits, wherever applicable), import duty and other non-refundable taxes or levies and any directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. In case of self-constructed assets, cost includes the costs of all materials used in construction, direct labour and allocation of overheads. Borrowing cost relating to acquisition / construction of Property, Plant and Equipment which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Subsequent Measurement

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of Property, Plant and Equipment are included in

its carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Subsequent costs are depreciated over the residual life of the respective assets. All other expenses on existing Property, Plant and Equipments, including day-today repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

Capital Work in Progress

Expenditure related to and incurred during

implementation of capital projects to get the assets ready for intended use is included under "Capital Work in Progress”. The same is allocated to the

respective items of property plant and equipment on completion of construction/ erection of the capital project/ property plant and equipment. The cost of asset not ready for its intended use before the year end & capital inventory are disclosed under capital work in progress.

Depreciation

Depreciation is provided using straight-line method as specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 or based on technical estimates. Depreciation on assets acquired / disposed off during the year

is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the

date of addition / disposal.

Derecognition

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising

on the disposal or retirement of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between

the sale proceeds and the carrying amount of the assets and is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

e) Investment Properties

i) Property which is held for long-term rental yields or for capital appreciation or both, is

classified as Investment Property. Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

ii) The Company depreciates investment properties over their estimated useful lives, as specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act,

2013.

iii) Investment properties are derecognised either

when they have been disposed off or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the property is derecognised.

f) Intangible Assets

i) Intangible assets are measured on initial recognition at cost and are subsequently carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment

losses, if any. Internally generated intangibles are not capitalised.

ii) The intangible assets of the Company are assessed to be of finite lives and are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication

that the intangible asset may be impaired. The

Company reviews amortisation period on an annual basis.

Intangible assets are amortised on straight line basis over their estimated useful lives as

follows:

Intangible Assets

Estimated Useful Life (Years)

Software

applications

3-5 Years based on management estimate

Mine Development Assets

Over a period of underlying contract

Mine Development Assets include expenses

pertaining to land and mine development, initial overburden removal, environmental and other regulatory approvals etc. It represents expenses incurred towards development of mines where the Company is operating as operator and developer.

iii) Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

g) Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. Each CGU represents the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less

costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are

discounted to their present value using a pretax discount rate that reflects current market

assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cashgenerating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in statement of profit and loss. Impairment loss recognised in respect of a CGU is allocated to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets of the CGU (or group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.

Non Financial Assets (other than goodwill) for

which impairment loss has been recognised in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in statement of profit and loss.

h) Investment in Subsidiaries, Jointly Controlled Entities, Associates and Unincorporated Entities

Investment in Subsidiaries, Joint Controlled

Entities and Associates are measured at cost less impairment in accordance with Ind AS 27 "Separate

Financial Statements”.

In case of unincorporated entities in the nature

of a Joint Operation, the Company recognizes its direct right and its share of jointly held or incurred assets, liabilities, contingent liabilities, revenues

and expenses of joint operations. These have been incorporated in these financial statements under the appropriate headings.

i) Financial Instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives

rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are

directly attributable to the acquisition or issue

of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss.

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by a Company are recognised

at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

A) Financial Assets Initial Measurement

All financial assets, except investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint controlled entities are recognised initially at fair value.

Subsequent Measurment

The measurement of financial assets depends

on their classification, as described below:

1) At amortised cost

A financial asset is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met :

(a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise, on

specified dates, to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.

2) At Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI)

A financial asset is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:

a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual

cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on

specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognised in the Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) and on derecognition, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified to Statement of Profit and Loss. For equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present subsequent changes in the fair value in OCI. If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to Statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of investment.

3) At Fair Value through Profit & Loss (FVTPL)

FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments and default category for equity instruments. Financial assets included within

the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortised cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at

FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement

or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ''accounting mismatch'').

Derecognition

On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between the asset''s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative

gain or loss that had been recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity is recognised in Statement of Profit and

Loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss on disposal of that financial asset.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition

of impairment loss on the financial assets and credit risk exposure. The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its receivables based on historical trends and past experience.

The Company follows ''Simplified Approach'' for

recognition of impairment loss allowance on all trade receivables or contractual receivables. Under the simplified approach the Company does not track changes in credit risk, but it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12 month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used.

ECL is the difference between all contracted cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at the original EIR. ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognised during the period is recognised as income / (expense) in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

B) Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition as at amortised cost or fair value through profit or loss. The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

At amortised cost

This is the category most relevant to the Company. After initial recognition, financial

liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process. Amortised cost is calculated by

taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is

included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

At fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for

trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as such. Subsequently, any changes in fair value are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition of Financial Liability A financial liability is derecognised when the

obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. An exchange with a lender of debt instruments with substantially different terms is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. Similarly, a substantial modification of the terms of an existing financial liability is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability.

C) Derivative financial instruments

Initial recognition and subsequent measurement

The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward and options currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial

instruments are initially recognised and subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL). Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivative financial instrument are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and reported with foreign exchange gains/ (loss). Changes in fair value and gains/(losses) on settlement of foreign currency derivative financial instruments relating to borrowings, which have not been designated as hedge are recorded as finance cost.

j) Income Taxes

Income tax expense comprises current tax expense and the net change in the deferred tax asset or liability during the year. Current and deferred taxes are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

i) Current Tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities

are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. Current income tax(including Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT)) is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-Tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantially enacted, at the reporting date.

Current income tax relating to items recognised

outside the statement of profit and loss is recognised outside the statement of profit and loss (either in other comprehensive income (OCI) or in equity). Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

ii) Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is recognised using the Balance Sheet approach. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised for deductible and

taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount, except when the deferred tax arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible

temporary differences, and the carry forward

of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised. The carrying amount

of unrecognised deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date to assess their

realisability and corresponding adjustment is made to carrying values of deferred tax assets in the financial statements.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the

liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where a legally enforceable right exists to

offset current tax assets and liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority. Net outstanding balance in Deferred Tax account is recognized as deferred tax liability/asset.

Deferred tax includes MAT tax credit. The Company recognises tax credits in the nature of MAT credit as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which tax credit is allowed to be carried forward. The Company reviews the such tax credit asset at each reporting date to assess its recoverability.

k) Inventories

i) Inventories are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value.

ii) Cost of inventories have been computed to include all costs of purchases, cost of conversion, all non-refundable duties &

taxes and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.


Mar 31, 2019

Notes forming part of the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31st March, 2019

1 Corporate Information

Adani Enterprises Limited (''the Company'', ''AEL'') is a public company domiciled in India and incorporated under the provisions of Companies Act, 1956, having its registered office at "Adani House", Near Mithakhali Six Roads, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad - 380009, Gujarat, India. Its shares are listed on the BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange. The Company is in the business of Trading of Coal and other commodities & Coal Mine Development and Operations (MDO).

2 Significant Accounting Policies

I Basis of Preparation

a) Statement of Compliance

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended from time to time.

These financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention with the exception of certain assets and liabilities that are required to be carried at fair values by Ind AS. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between the market participants at the measurement date.

The financial statements are presented in INR except when otherwise stated. All amounts have been rounded-off to the nearest crore, unless otherwise indicated.

b) Use of Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make certain judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) and the accompanying disclosures. Future results could differ due to these estimates and differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognized in the periods in which the results are known/ materialized. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis.

Significant Estimates and assumptions are required in particular for:

i) Useful life of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets:

Determination of the estimated useful life of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets and the assessment as to which components of the cost may be capitalized. Useful life of these assets is based on the life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 or based on technical estimates, taking into account the nature of the asset, estimated usage, expected residual values and operating conditions of the asset.

ii) Impairment:

Determining whether property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are impaired requires an estimation of the value in use of the relevant cash generating units. The value in use calculation is based on a Discounted Cash Flow model over the estimated useful life of the underlying assets or cash generating units. Further, the cash flow projections are based on estimates and assumptions relating to expected revenues, operational performance of the assets, market prices of related products or services, inflation, terminal value etc. which are considered reasonable by the management.

iii) Taxes:

The Company''s tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgments are involved in estimating budgeted profits for the purpose of paying advance tax, determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid/ recovered for uncertain tax positions. Significant management judgment is also required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognized, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies, including estimates of temporary differences reversing on account of available benefits from the Income Tax Act, 1961.

iv) Fair value measurement of financial instruments:

When the fair values of financials assets and financial liabilities recorded in the Balance Sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques, including the discounted cash flow model, which involve various judgements and assumptions.

v) Defined benefit plans (Gratuity Benefits):

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

vi) Asset Retirement Obligation:

The liability for asset retirement obligations are recognized when the Company has an obligation to perform site restoration activity. The recognition and measurement of asset retirement obligations involves the use of estimates and assumptions, viz. the timing of abandonment of site facilities which would depend upon the ultimate life of the project, expected utilization of assets in other projects, the scope of abandonment activity and pre-tax rate applied for discounting.

II Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

a) Current & Non-Current Classification

Any asset or liability is classified as current if it satisfies any of the following conditions:

i) The asset/liability is expected to be realized/settled in the Company''s normal operating cycle;

ii) The asset is intended for sale or consumption;

iii) The asset/liability is held primarily for the purpose of trading;

iv) The asset/liability is expected to be realized/settled within twelve months after the reporting period;

v) The asset is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date;

vi) In the case of a liability, the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

All other assets and liabilities are classified as non-current.

For the purpose of current/non-current classification of assets and liabilities, the Company has ascertained its normal operating cycle as twelve months. This is based on the nature of services and the time between the acquisition of assets or inventories for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents.

b) Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation

i) Functional and presentation currency

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR), which is entity''s functional and presentation currency.

ii) Transactions and Balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency, for initial recognition, using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.

All foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates on the reporting date. Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent of exchange differences which are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on foreign currency borrowings that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets which are capitalized as cost of assets. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated.

c) Discontinued Operations

The Company classifies assets and operations as held for sale / distribution to owners or as discontinued operations if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale/distribution rather than through continuing use. Classification as a discontinued operations occurs upon disposal or when the operation meets the below criteria, whichever is earlier.

A discontinued operation is a component of the Company''s business, the operations of which can be clearly distinguished from those of the rest of the Company and

i) is part of a single co-ordinate plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations; or

ii) is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale.

Non-current assets held for sale / distribution to owners and discontinued operations are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell / distribute. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale / distribution are presented separately in the balance sheet. The results of discontinued operations are excluded from the overall results of the Company and are presented separately in the statement of profit and loss. Also, the comparative statement of profit and loss is re-presented as if the operations had been discontinued from the start of the comparative period.

d) Cash & Cash Equivalents

Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposit with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

e) Property, Plant and Equipment

i) Property, Plant and Equipments, including Capital Work in Progress, are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price (net of tax credits, wherever applicable), import duty and other non-refundable taxes or levies and any directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing cost relating to acquisition / construction of Property, Plant and Equipment which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

ii) Subsequent expenditure related to an item of Property, Plant and Equipment are included in its carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other expenses on existing Property, Plant and Equipments, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

iii) Depreciation is provided using straight-line method as specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. Estimated useful life of assets are determined based on technical parameters / assessments. Depreciation on assets acquired / disposed off during the year is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition / disposal. Leasehold land and Leasehold improvements are amortized over the period of the lease.

iv) An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying amount of the assets and is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss.

f) Investment Properties

i) Property which is held for long-term rental yields or for capital appreciation or both, is classified as Investment Property. Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

ii) Investment properties currently comprises of plot of lands only and hence the same are not depreciated.

iii) Investment properties are derecognized either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the property is derecognized.

g) Intangible Assets

i) Intangible assets are measured on initial recognition at cost and are subsequently carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangibles are not capitalized.

ii) The intangible assets of the Company are assessed to be of finite lives and are amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The Company reviews amortization period on an annual basis.

iii) Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

h) Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. Each CGU represents the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognized immediately in statement of profit and loss. Impairment loss recognized in respect of a CGU is allocated to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets of the CGU (or group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.

Assets (other than goodwill) for which impairment loss has been recognized in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognized immediately in statement of profit and loss.

i) Investment in Subsidiaries, Joint Ventures, Associates and Unincorporated Entities

Investment in Subsidiaries, Joint Ventures and Associates are measured at cost less impairment in accordance with Ind AS 27 "Separate Financial Statements”.

In case of unincorporated entities in the nature of a Joint Operation, the Company recognizes its direct right and its share of jointly held or incurred assets, liabilities, contingent liabilities, revenues and expenses of joint operations. These have been incorporated in these financial statements under the appropriate headings.

j) Financial Instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognized immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss.

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by a Company entity are recognized at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

A) Financial Assets

All financial assets, except investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are recognized initially at fair value.

The measurement of financial assets depends on their classification, as described below:

1) At amortized cost

A financial asset is measured at the amortized cost if both the following conditions are met :

(a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise, on specified dates, to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.

2) At Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI)

A financial asset is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:

a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) and on derecognition, cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified to Statement of Profit and Loss. For equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present subsequent changes in the fair value in OCI. If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to Statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of investment.

3) At Fair Value through Profit & Loss (FVTPL)

FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments and default category for equity instruments. Financial assets included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ''accounting mismatch'').

Derecognition

On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between the asset''s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss on disposal of that financial asset.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the financial assets and credit risk exposure. The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its receivables based on historical trends and past experience.

The Company follows ''Simplified Approach'' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on all trade receivables or contractual receivables. Under the simplified approach the Company does not track changes in credit risk, but it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12 month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used.

ECL is the difference between all contracted cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at the original EIR. ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income / (expense) in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

B) Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition as at amortized cost or fair value through profit or loss. The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

At amortized cost

This is the category most relevant to the Company. After initial recognition, financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR amortization process. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

At fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as such. Subsequently, any changes in fair value are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition of Financial Liability

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

C) Derivative financial instruments

Initial recognition and subsequent measurement

The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward and options currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognized and subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL). Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivative financial instrument are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss and reported with foreign exchange gains/(loss) not within results from operating activities. Changes in fair value and gains/(losses) on settlement of foreign currency derivative financial instruments relating to borrowings, which have not been designated as hedge are recorded as finance expense.

k) Income Taxes

Income tax expense comprises current tax expense and the net change in the deferred tax asset or liability during the year. Current and deferred taxes are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

i) Current Tax

Provision for current tax is measured at the amount of tax expected to be payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961. Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities.

Current tax assets and liabilities are offset where the Company has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

ii) Deferred Tax

Deferred income tax is recognized using the Balance Sheet approach. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount, except when the deferred income tax arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction.

Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized. The carrying amount of unrecognized deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date to assess their reliability and corresponding adjustment is made to carrying values of deferred tax assets in the financial statements.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where a legally enforceable right exists to offset current tax assets and liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

Deferred tax includes MAT tax credit. The Company recognizes tax credits in the nature of MAT credit as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which tax credit is allowed to be carried forward. The Company reviews the such tax credit asset at each reporting date to assess its recoverability.

l) Inventories

i) Inventories are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value.

ii) Cost of inventories have been computed to include all costs of purchases, cost of conversion, all non-refundable duties & taxes and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

iv) Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated cost of completion and estimated cost necessary to make the sale. Necessary adjustment for shortage / excess stock is given based on the available evidence and past experience of the Company,

m) Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognized for when the Company has at present, legal or contractual obligation as a result of past events, only if it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic outgo or loss will be required and if the amount involved can be measured reliably. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.

Contingent liabilities being a possible obligation as a result of past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more future events not wholly in control of the Company are not recognized in the accounts. The nature of such liabilities and an estimate of its financial effect are disclosed in notes to the financial statements.

Contingent assets are not recognized in the financial statements. the nature of such assets and an estimate of its financial effect are disclosed in notes to the financial statements.

n) Revenue Recognition

Effective 1st April, 2018, the Company has adopted Ind AS 115 ''Revenue from Contracts with Customers'' using the cumulative effect method. Accordingly, the standard is applied only to the contracts that were not completed as at 1st April, 2018 and the comparative information in the statement of profit and loss is not restated. The impact of adoption of the standard on the financial statements of the Company is insignificant.

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. Revenue is measured based on the transaction price, which is the consideration, adjusted for discounts and other incentives, if any, as per contracts with the customers. Revenue also excludes taxes collected from customers.

The specific recognition criteria from various stream of revenue is described below:

(i) Sale of Goods

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognized when the control of the goods has been passed to the customer and there is no continuing effective control or managerial involvement with the goods.

(ii) Rendering of Services

Revenue from services rendered is recognized when the work is performed and as per the terms of agreement.

(iii) Dividends

Revenue is recognized when the Company''s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

(iv) Interest Income

Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset''s net carrying amount on initial recognition.

(v) Profit or Loss on Sale of Investment

Profit or Loss on sale of investment is recognized on the contract date.

Contract Assets

The Company recognizes a contract asset corresponding to the revenue recognized when it has performed its obligation under contract, but consideration is not due. The same is disclosed as "Unbilled Revenue” under Other Current Financial Assets.

Contract Liability

The Company recognizes a contract liability when consideration is received or due from customer, but the Company is yet to perform its obligations under the contract. The same is disclosed as "Advance from Customers” under Other Current Liabilities.

o) Employee Benefits

Employee benefits includes gratuity, compensated absences, contribution to provident fund, employees'' state insurance and superannuation fund.

i) Short Term Employee Benefits

Employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as short term employee benefits and recognized in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

ii) Post Employment Benefits Defined Contribution Plans

Retirement benefits in the form of provident fund and superannuation fund are defined contribution schemes. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognises contribution payable to the these funds as an expense, when an employee renders the related service.

Defined Benefit Plans

The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan. The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined based on actuarial valuation, carried out by an independent actuary, using the projected unit credit method. The liability for gratuity is funded annually to a gratuity funds maintained with the Life Insurance Corporation of India and SBI Life Insurance Company Limited.

Re-measurements gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of defined benefit liability or asset.

The Company recognizes the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss in the line item "Employee Benefits Expense”:

- Service cost including current service cost, past service cost, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements; and

- Net interest expense or income

iii) Other Long Term Employee Benefits

Other long term employee benefits comprise of compensated absences / leaves. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iv) For the purpose of presentation of defined benefit plans and other long term benefits, the allocation between current and non-current provisions has been made as determined by an actuary.

p) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs also includes exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs. All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.

q) Leases

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases. The Company has identified all its leases as operating leases.

i) Assets given on operating lease :

Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

ii) Assets taken on operating lease :

Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Rental income from operating leases is recognized in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs including depreciation are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.

r) Segment Accounting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting to management. For management purposes, the Company is organized into business units based on its products and services.

Operating results of the business units are monitored separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on profit or loss and is measured consistently with profit or loss in the financial statements.

Basic EPS is computed by dividing the profit or loss attributable to the equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS is computed by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to the ordinary equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares, for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

t) Service Work in Progress

Service Work in Progress is valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined based on Weighted Average Cost Method.

Service Work in Progress represents closing inventory of Washed and Reject Coal, which is not owned by the Company as per the terms of MDO contract. Hence, this represents work performed under contractual liability in bringing this inventory to its present condition and location.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

u) Overburden Cost Adjustment

Overburden removal expenses incurred during production stage are charged to revenue based on waste-to-ore ratio, (commonly known as Stripping Ratio in the industry). This ratio is taken based on the current operational phase of overall mining area. To the extent the current period ratio exceeds the expected Stripping Ratio of a phase, excess overburden costs are deferred.

v) Expenditure

Expenses are net of taxes recoverable, where applicable.

b) Office buildings includes cost of shares in Co-operative Housing Society RS,3,500/- (31st MarcRs,2018: RS,3,500/-).

c) Office buildings includes RS,2.32 Crores of unquoted shares (160 equity shares of A type and 1,280 equity shares of B type of RS,100 each fully paid-up) in Ruparelia Theatres Pvt. Ltd. By virtue of investment in shares, the Company is enjoying rights in the leasehold land and RS,1.44 Crores towards construction contribution and exclusive use of terrace and allotted parking space.

d) Land of RS,1.24 crores and Buildings of RS,1.60 crores are pending for registrations in the name of the Company,

e) For security / mortgage, refer notes 22 and 25,

a) Includes Building of RS,0.85 Crores (31st MarcRs,2018 : RS,0.85 Crores) which is in dispute and the matter is sub-judice,

b) Agricultural Land of RS,0.45 Crores (31st MarcRs,2018 : RS,0.45 Crores) recovered under settlement of debts, in which certain formalities are yet to be executed,

c) Includes Company''s share in Unincorporated Joint Venture Assets of RS,96.23 Crores (31st MarcRs,2018 : RS,94.97 Crores) (Refer note 48 a),

d) Includes expenses directly attributable to construction period of RS,44.17 Crores (31st March, 2018 : RS,52.77 Crores) (Refer note 49).

a) Fair Value of Investment Properties

The fair value of the Company''s investment properties at the end of the year have been determined on the basis of valuation carried out by the management based on the transacted prices near the end of the year in the location and category of the properties being valued. The fair value measurement for all of the investment properties has been categorized as a Level 2 fair value based on the inputs to the valuation techniques used. Total fair value of Investment Properties is RS,9.37 Crores (31st MarcRs,2018 : RS,9.37 crores)

b) During the year, the Company carried out a review of the recoverable amount of investment properties. As a result, there were no allowances for impairment required for these properties,

c) The Company has neither generated any rental income nor incurred any direct operating expense for these Investment Properties.


Mar 31, 2018

I) Basis of Preparation and Presentation

a) Statement of Compliance

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended from time to time.

These financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention with the exception of certain assets and liabilities that are required to be carried at fair values by Ind AS. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between the market participants at the measurement date.

The financial statements are presented in INR except when otherwise stated. All amounts have been rounded-off to the nearest crore, unless otherwise indicated.

b) Use of Estimates and Judgements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make certain judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) and the accompanying disclosures. Future results could differ due to these estimates and differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognised in the periods in which the results are known / materialised. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis.

Estimates and assumptions are required in particular for:

i) Useful life of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets:

Determination of the estimated useful life of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets and the assessment as to which components of the cost may be capitalised. Useful life of these assets is based on the life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 or based on technical estimates, taking into account the nature of the asset, estimated usage, expected residual values and operating conditions of the asset.

ii) Impairment:

Determining whether property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are impaired requires an estimation of the value in use of the relevant cash generating units. The value in use calculation is based on a Discounted Cash Flow model over the estimated useful life of the underlying assets or cash generating units. Further, the cash flow projections are based on estimates and assumptions relating to expected revenues, operational performance of the assets, market prices of related products or services, inflation, terminal value etc. which are considered reasonable by the management.

iii) Taxes:

The Company’s tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgements are involved in estimating budgeted profits for the purpose of paying advance tax, determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid/recovered for uncertain tax positions. Significant management judgement is also required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies, including estimates of temporary differences reversing on account of available benefits from the Income Tax Act, 1961.

iv) Fair value measurement of financial instruments:

When the fair values of financials assets and financial liabilities recorded in the Balance Sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques, including the discounted cash flow model, which involve various judgements and assumptions.

v) Defined benefit plans (Gratuity Benefits):

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

vi) Asset Retirement Obligation:

The liability for asset retirement obligations are recognised when the Company has an obligation to perform site restoration activity. The recognition and measurement of asset retirement obligations involves the use of estimates and assumptions, viz. the timing of abandonment of site facilities which would depend upon the ultimate life of the project, expected utilization of assets in other projects, the scope of abandonment activity and pre-tax rate applied for discounting.

c) Current & Non-Current Classification

Any asset or liability is classified as current if it satisfies any of the following conditions:

i) The asset/liability is expected to be realized/settled in the Company’s normal operating cycle;

ii) The asset is intended for sale or consumption;

iii) The asset/liability is held primarily for the purpose of trading;

iv) The asset/liability is expected to be realised/settled within twelve months after the reporting period;

v) The asset is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date;

vi) In the case of a liability, the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

All other assets and liabilities are classified as non-current.

For the purpose of current/non-current classification of assets and liabilities, the Company has ascertained its normal operating cycle as twelve months. This is based on the nature of services and the time between the acquisition of assets or inventories for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents.

d) Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation

i) Functional and presentation currency

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR), which is entity’s functional and presentation currency

ii) Transactions and Balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency, for initial recognition, using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.

All foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates on the reporting date. Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent of exchange differences which are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on foreign currency borrowings that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets which are capitalised as cost of assets. Additionally, all exchange gains or losses on foreign currency borrowings taken prior to 1st April, 2016 which are related to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are adjusted in the carrying cost of such assets. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated.

e) Discontinuing Operations

The Company classifies assets and operations as held for sale / distribution to owners or as discontinued operations if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale / distribution rather than through continuing use. Classification as a discontinuing operations occurs upon disposal or when the operation meets the below criteria, whichever is earlier.

A discontinuing operation is a component of the Company’s business, the operations of which can be clearly distinguished from those of the rest of the Company and

i) is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations; or

ii) is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale.

Non-current assets held for sale / distribution to owners and discontinued operations are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell / distribute. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale / distribution are presented separately in the balance sheet. The results of discontinuing operations are excluded from the overall results of the Company and are presented seperately in the statement of profit and loss. Also, the comparative statement of profit and loss is re-presented as if the operations had been discontinued from the start of the comparative period.

f) Cash & Cash Equivalents

Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposit with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

II Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

a) Property, Plant and Equipment

i) The Company had applied for the one time transition exemption of considering the carrying cost on the transition date i.e. 1st April, 2015 as the deemed cost under Ind AS. Hence regarded thereafter as historical cost.

ii) Property, Plant and Equipments, including Capital Work in Progress, are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price (net of tax credits, wherever applicable), import duty and other non-refundable taxes or levies and any directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing cost relating to acquisition / construction of Property, Plant and Equipment which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

iii) Subsequent expenditure related to an item of Property, Plant and Equipment are included in its carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other expenses on existing Property, Plant and Equipments, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

iv) The Company adjusts exchange differences arising on translation/settlement of long-term foreign currency monetary items taken prior to 1st April, 2016 and pertaining to the acquisition of a depreciable asset to the cost of the asset and depreciates the same over the remaining useful life of the asset. The depreciation on such foreign exchange difference is recognised from the first day of the financial year.

v) Depreciation is provided using straight-line method as specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. Estimated useful life of assets are determined based on technical parameters / assessments. Depreciation on assets acquired / disposed off during the year is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition / disposal. Leasehold land and Leasehold improvements are amortised over the period of the lease.

vi) An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying amount of the assets and is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss

b) Investment Properties

i) Property which is held for long-term rental yields or for capital appreciation or both, is classified as Investment Property. Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

ii) Investment properties currently comprises of plot of lands only and hence the same are not depreciated.

iii) Investment properties are derecognised either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the property is derecognised.

c) Intangible Assets

i) Intangible assets are measured on initial recognition at cost and are subsequently carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangibles are not capitalised.

ii) The intangible assets of the Company are assessed to be of finite lives and are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The Company reviews amortisation period on an annual basis.

Intangible assets are amortised on straight line basis over their estimated useful lives as follows:

iii) Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

d) Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.Each CGU represents the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in statement of profit and loss. Impairment loss recognised in respect of a CGU is allocated to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets of the CGU (or group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.

Assets (other than goodwill) for which impairment loss has been recognised in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists.When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in statement of profit and loss.

e) Investment in Subsidiaries, Joint Ventures, Associates and Unincorporated Entities

Investment in Subsidiaries, Joint Ventures and Associates are measured at cost less impairment in accordance with Ind AS 27 “Separate Financial Statements”.

In case of unincorporated entities in the nature of a Joint Operation, the Company recognizes its direct right and its share of jointly held or incurred assets, liabilities, contingent liabilitites, revenues and expenses of joint operations. These have been incorporated in these financial statements under the appropriate headings.

f) Financial Instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss.

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by a Company entity are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

A) Financial Assets

All financial assets, except investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are recognised initially at fair value. The measurement of financial assets depends on their classification, as described below:

1) At amortised cost

A financial asset is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met :

(a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise, on specified dates, to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.

2) At Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI)

A financial asset is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:

a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognised in the Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) and on derecognition , cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified to Statement of Profit and Loss. For equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present subsequent changes in the fair value in OCI. If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to Statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of investment.

3) At Fair Value through Profit & Loss (FVTPL)

FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments and default category for equity instruments. Financial assets included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortised cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ‘accounting mismatch’).

Derecognition

‘On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss on disposal of that financial asset.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the financial assets and credit risk exposure. The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its receivables based on historical trends and past experience.

The Company follows ‘Simplified Approach’ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on all trade receivables or contractual receivables. Under the simplified approach the Company does not track changes in credit risk, but it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12 month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used.

ECL is the difference between all contracted cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at the original EIR. ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognised during the period is recognised as income/(expense) in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

B) Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition as at amortised cost or fair value through profit or loss. The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

At amortised cost

This is the category most relevant to the Company. After initial recognition, financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

At fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as such. Subsequently, any changes in fair value are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition of Financial Liability

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

C) Derivative financial instruments

Initial recognition and subsequent measurement

The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward and options currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised and subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL). Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivative financial instrument are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and reported with foreign exchange gains/(loss) not within results from operating activities. Changes in fair value and gains/(losses) on settlement of foreign currency derivative financial instruments relating to borrowings, which have not been designated as hedge are recorded as finance expense.

g) Income Taxes

Income tax expense comprises current tax expense and the net change in the deferred tax asset or liability during the year. Current and deferred taxes are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

i) Current Income Tax

Provision for current tax is measured at the amount of tax expected to be payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961. Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities.

Current tax assets and liabilities are offset where the Company has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

ii) Deferred Tax

Deferred income tax is recognised using the Balance Sheet approach. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognised for deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount, except when the deferred income tax arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised. The carrying amount of unrecognised deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date to assess their realisability and corresponding adjustment is made to carrying values of deferred tax assets in the financial statements.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where a legally enforceable right exists to offset current tax assets and liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

Deferred tax includes MAT tax credit. The Company recognises tax credits in the nature of MAT credit as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which tax credit is allowed to be carried forward. The Company reviews the such tax credit asset at each reporting date to assess its recoverability

h) Inventories

i) Inventories are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value.

ii) Cost of inventories have been computed to include all costs of purchases, cost of conversion all non-refundable duties & taxes and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

iii) The basis of determining cost for various categories of inventories are as follows:

iv) Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated cost of completion and estimated cost necessary to make the sale. Necessary adjustment for shortage / excess stock is given based on the available evidence and past experience of the Company

i) Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognised for when the Company has at present, legal or contractual obligation as a result of past events, only if it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic outgo or loss will be required and if the amount involved can be measured reliably. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost. Contingent liabilities being a possible obligation as a result of past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more future events not wholly in control of the Company are not recognised in the accounts. The nature of such liabilities and an estimate of its financial effect are disclosed in notes to the financial statements.

Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements. the nature of such assets and an estimate of its financial effect are disclosed in notes to the financial statements.

j) Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment. Amounts disclosed as Revenue are net of returns, trade allowances, rebates and taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government.

The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognised.

Sale of Goods

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risk and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the customer and there is no continuing effective control or managerial involvement with the goods.

Rendering of Services

Revenue from services rendered is recognised when the work is performed and as per the terms of agreement.

Dividends

Revenue is recognised when the Company’s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

Interest Income

Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset’s net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Profit or Loss on Sale of Investment

Profit or Loss on sale of investment is recognised on the contract date.

k) Employee Benefits

Employee benefits includes gratuity, compensated absences, contribution to provident fund, employees’ state insurance and superannuation fund.

i) Short Term Employee Benefits

Employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as short term employee benefits and recognised in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

ii) Post Employment Benefits Defined Contribution Plans

Retirement benefits in the form of provident fund and superannuation fund are defined contribution schemes. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognises contribution payable to the these funds as an expense, when an employee renders the related service.

Defined Benefit Plans

The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan. The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined based on actuarial valuation, carried out by an independent actuary, using the projected unit credit method. The liability for gratuity is funded annually to a gratuity funds maintained with the Life Insurance Corporation of India and SBI Life Insurance Company Limited.

Re-measurements gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of defined benefit liability or asset.

The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss in the line item “Employee Benefits Expense”:

- Service cost including current service cost, past service cost, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements; and

- Net interest expense or income

iii) Other Long Term Employee Benefits

Other long term employee benefits comprise of compensated absences / leaves. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iv) For the purpose of presentation of defined benefit plans and other long term benefits, the allocation between current and non-current provisions has been made as determined by an actuary.

l) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs also includes exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs. All other borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.

m) Leases

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases. The Company has identified all its leases as operating leases.

i) Assets given on operating lease :

Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

ii) Assets taken on operating lease :

Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Rental income from operating leases is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs including depreciation are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.

n) Segment Accounting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting to management. For management purposes, the Company is organised into business units based on its products and services.

Operating results of the business units are monitored separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on profit or loss and is measured consistently with profit or loss in the financial statements.

o) Earning Per Share

Basic EPS is computed by dividing the profit or loss attributable to the equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS is computed by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to the ordinary equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares, for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

p) Proposed Dividend

The Company recognises a liability to pay dividend to equity holders when the distribution is authorised and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. As per the Companies Act 2013, a distribution is authorised when it is approved by the shareholders. a corresponding amount is recognised directly in equity.

q) Service Work in Progress

Service Work in Progress is valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined based on Weighted Average Cost Method.

Service Work in Progress represents closing inventory of Washed and Reject Coal, which is not owned by the Company as per the terms of MDO contract. Hence, this represents work performed under contractual liability in bringing this inventory to its present condition and location.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

r) Overburden Cost Adjustment

Overburden removal expenses incurred during production stage are charged to revenue based on waste-to-ore ratio, (commonly known as Stripping Ratio in the industry). This ratio is taken based on the current operational phase of overall mining area. To the extent the current period ratio exceeds the expected Stripping Ratio of a phase, excess overburden costs are deferred.

s) Expenditure

Expenses are net of taxes recoverable, where applicable.


Mar 31, 2017

1 CORPORATE INFORMATION

Adani Enterprises Limited (''the Company'', ''AEL'') is a public company domiciled in India and incorporated under the provisions of Companies Act, 1956, having its registered office at "Adani House", Near Mithakhali Six Roads, Navrangpura, Ahmadabad - 380009, Gujarat, India. Its shares are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange. The Company is in the business of Trading of Coal and other commodities & Coal Mine Development and Operations.

2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

a) Statement of Compliance

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015. The Company has adopted Ind AS with effect from 1st April, 2016 in accordance with the notification issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.

For all periods up to and including the year ended 31st March, 2016, the Company had prepared its financial statements in accordance with Accounting Standards notified under the Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read together with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 (''Previous GAAP'').

These financial statements are the first financial statements of the Company under Ind AS. The date of transition to Ind AS is April 1, 2015. Previous year numbers in the financial statements have been restated as per Ind AS. Refer to note 3 for information on how the transition from Previous GAAP to Ind AS has affected the previously reported financial position, financial performance and Cash Flows.

b) Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between the market participants at the measurement date.

c) Use of Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make certain judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) and the accompanying disclosures. Future results could differ due to these estimates and differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognized in the periods in which the results are known / materialized.

Estimates and assumptions are required in particular for:

i) Useful life of property, plant and equipments and intangible assets:

Determination of the estimated useful life of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets and the assessment as to which components of the cost may be capitalized. Useful life of these assets is based on the life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 or based on technical estimates, taking into account the nature of the asset, estimated usage, expected residual values and operating conditions of the asset.

ii) Impairment:

Determining whether property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are impaired requires an estimation of the value in use of the relevant cash generating units. The value in use calculation is based on a Discounted Cash Flow model over the estimated useful life of the underlying assets or cash generating units. Further, the cash flow projections are based on estimates and assumptions relating to expected revenues, operational performance of the assets, market prices of related products or services, inflation, terminal value etc. which are considered reasonable by the management.

iii) Taxes:

The Company''s tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgments are involved in estimating budgeted profits for the purpose of paying advance tax, determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid/ recovered for uncertain tax positions. Significant management judgment is also required to determine the amount

of deferred tax assets that can be recognized, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies, including estimates of temporary differences reversing on account of available benefits from the Income Tax Act, 1961.

iv) Fair value measurement of financial instruments:

When the fair values of financials assets and financial liabilities recorded in the Balance Sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques, including the discounted cash flow model, which involve various judgments and assumptions.

v) Defined benefit plans:

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

d) Current & Non-Current Classification

Any asset or liability is classified as current if it satisfies any of the following conditions:

i) The asset/liability is expected to be realized/settled in the Company''s normal operating cycle;

ii) The asset is intended for sale or consumption;

iii) The asset/liability is held primarily for the purpose of trading;

iv) The asset/liability is expected to be realized/settled within twelve months after the reporting period;

v) The asset is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date;

vi) In the case of a liability, the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

All other assets and liabilities are classified as non-current.

For the purpose of current/non-current classification of assets and liabilities, the Company has ascertained its normal operating cycle as twelve months. This is based on the nature of services and the time between the acquisition of assets or inventories for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents.

e) Foreign Currency Translation

i) Functional and presentation currency

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (H), which is entity''s functional and presentation currency

ii) Transactions and Balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency, for initial recognition, using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.

All foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates on the reporting date. Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss with the exception of exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items recognized in the financial statements as at 31st March, 2016 and related to acquisition of a fixed assets and such differences are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the related asset. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated.

f) Cash & Cash Equivalents

Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposit with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

g) Property, Plant and Equipment

i) Property, Plant and Equipments, including Capital Work in Progress, are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price (net of tax credits, wherever applicable), import duty and other non-refundable taxes or levies and any directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing cost relating to acquisition / construction of Property, Plant and Equipment which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

ii) Subsequent expenditure related to an item of Property, Plant and Equipment are included in its carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other expenses on existing Property, Plant and Equipments, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

iii) The Company adjusts exchange differences arising on translation/settlement of long-term foreign currency monetary items existing as at March 31, 2016 and pertaining to the acquisition of a depreciable asset to the cost of the asset and depreciates the same over the remaining useful life of the asset. The depreciation on such foreign exchange difference is recognized from the first day of the financial year.

iv) Depreciation is provided using straight-line method as specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. Estimated useful life of assets are determined based on technical parameters / assessments. Depreciation on assets acquired / disposed off during the year is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition / disposal. Leasehold land and Leasehold improvements are amortized over the period of the lease.

v) An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying amount of the assets and is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss.

h) Investment Properties

i) Property which is held for long-term rental yields or for capital appreciation or both, is classified as Investment Property. Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

ii) Investment properties currently comprises of plot of lands only and hence the same are not depreciated.

iii) Investment properties are derecognized either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the property is derecognized.

i) Intangible Assets

i) Intangible assets are measured on initial recognition at cost and are subsequently carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangibles are not capitalized.

ii) The intangible assets of the Company are assessed to be of finite lives and are amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The Company reviews amortization period on an annual basis.

iii) Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

j) Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

i) The carrying amount of the non-financial assets of the Company is reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the assets is estimated in order to determine the extent of impairment.

ii) The impairment loss is recognized whenever the carrying amount of an asset or its cash generation unit exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the asset''s fair value less cost of disposal and value in use which is determined based on the estimated future cash flow discounted to their present value. All impairment losses are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iii) An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The reversal is limited so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized in prior years.

k) Investment in Subsidiaries, Joint Ventures and Associates Investment in Subsidiaries, Joint Ventures and Associates are measured at cost less impairment in accordance with Ind AS 27 "Separate Financial Statements”.

l) Financial Instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognized immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss.

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by a Company entity are recognized at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

A) Financial Assets

All financial assets, except investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are recognized initially at fair value.

The measurement of financial assets depends on their classification, as described below:

1) At amortized cost

A financial asset is measured at the amortized cost if both the following conditions are met :

(a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise, on specified dates, to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.

2) At Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI)

A financial asset is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:

a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI) and on derecognition, cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified to Statement of Profit and Loss. For equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present subsequent changes in the fair value in OCI. If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to Statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of investment.

3) At Fair Value through Profit & Loss (FVTPL)

FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments and default category for equity instruments. Financial assets included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ''accounting mismatch'').

Derecognition

On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between the asset''s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss on disposal of that financial asset.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the financial assets and credit risk exposure. The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its receivables based on historical trends and past experience.

The Company follows ''Simplified Approach'' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on all trade receivables or contractual receivables. Under the simplified approach the Company does not track changes in credit risk, but it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12 month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk

has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used.

ECL is the difference between all contracted cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at the original EIR. ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income / (expense) in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

B) Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition as at amortized cost or fair value through profit or loss. The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

At amortized cost

This is the category most relevant to the Company. After initial recognition, financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR amortization process. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

At fair value through Profit & Loss (FVTPL)

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as such. Subsequently, any changes in fair value are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition of Financial Liability

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

C) Derivative financial instruments

Initial recognition and subsequent measurement

The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as forward and options currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognized and subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL). Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivative financial instrument are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss and reported with foreign exchange gains/(loss) not within results from operating activities. Changes in fair value and gains/(losses) on settlement of foreign currency derivative financial instruments relating to borrowings, which have not been designated as hedge are recorded as finance expense.

m) Income Taxes

Income tax expense comprises current tax expense and the net change in the deferred tax asset or liability during the year. Current and deferred taxes are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

i) Current Income Tax

Provision for current tax is measured at the amount of tax expected to be payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961. Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities.

Current tax assets and liabilities are offset where the Company has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously,

ii) Deferred Tax

Deferred income tax is recognized using the Balance Sheet approach. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and

their carrying amount, except when the deferred income tax arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction.

Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized. The carrying amount of unrecognized deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date to assess their reliability and corresponding adjustment is made to carrying values of deferred tax assets in the financial statements.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where a legally enforceable right exists to offset current tax assets and liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

Deferred tax includes MAT tax credit. The Company recognizes tax credits in the nature of MAT credit as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which tax credit is allowed to be carried forward. The Company reviews the such tax credit asset at each reporting date to assess its recoverability,

n) Inventories

i) Inventories are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value.

ii) Cost of inventories have been computed to include all costs of purchases, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

iii) The basis of determining cost for various categories of inventories are as follows:

iv) Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated cost of completion and estimated cost necessary to make the sale. Necessary adjustment for shortage / excess stock is given based on the available evidence and past experience of the Company.

o) Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognized for when the Company has at present, legal or contractual obligation as a result of past events, only if it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic outgo or loss will be required and if the amount involved can be measured reliably. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.

Contingent liabilities being a possible obligation as a result of past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more future events not wholly in control of the Company are not recognized in the accounts. The nature of such liabilities and an estimate of its financial effect are disclosed in notes to the financial statements.

Contingent assets are not recognized in the financial statements. the nature of such assets and an estimate of its financial effect are disclosed in notes to the financial statements.

p) Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment. Amounts disclosed as Revenue are net of returns, trade allowances, rebates and taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government.

The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognized.

Sale of Goods

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognized when the significant risk and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the customer.

Rendering of Services

Revenue from services rendered is recognized when the work is performed and as per the terms of agreement.

Dividends

Revenue is recognized when the Company''s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

Interest Income

Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset''s net carrying amount on initial recognition.

q) Employee Benefits

Employee benefits includes gratuity, compensated absences, contribution to provident fund, employees'' state insurance and superannuation fund.

Short Term Employee Benefits

Employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the services are classified as short term employee benefits and recognized in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

Post Employment Benefits

i) Defined Contribution Plans

Retirement benefits in the form of provident fund and superannuation fund are defined contribution schemes. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the these funds as an expense, when an employee renders the related service.

ii) Defined Benefit Plans

The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan. The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined based on actuarial valuation, carried out by an independent actuary, using the projected unit credit method. The liability for gratuity is funded annually to a gratuity funds maintained with the Life Insurance Corporation of India and SBI Life Insurance Company Limited.

Re-measurements gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of defined benefit liability or asset.

The Company recognizes the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss in the line item "Employee Benefits Expense":

- Service cost including current service cost, past service cost, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements; and

- Net interest expense or income

iii) Other Long Term Employee Benefits

Other long term employee benefits comprise of compensated absences/leaves. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iv) For the purpose of presentation of defined benefit plans and other long term benefits, the allocation between current and non-current provisions has been made as determined by an actuary.

r) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs also includes exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs. All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.

s) Leases

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases. The Company has identified all its leases as operating leases.

i) Assets taken on operating lease :

Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

ii) Assets given on operating lease :

Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Rental income from operating leases is recognized in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs including depreciation are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.

t) Segment Accounting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting to management. For management purposes, the Company is organized into business units based on its products and services.

Operating results of the business units are monitored separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on profit or loss and is measured consistently with profit or loss in the financial statements.

u) Related Party Transactions

Disclosure of transactions with Related Parties, as required by Ind AS 24 "Related Party Disclosures” has been set out in a separate note. Related parties as defined under clause 9 of the Ind AS 24 have been identified on the basis of representations made by the management and information available with the Company,

v) Earnings Per Share

Basic EPS is computed by dividing the profit or loss attributable to the equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS is computed by adjusting the profit

or loss attributable to the ordinary equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares, for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

w) Proposed Dividend

The Company recognizes a liability to pay dividend to equity holders when the distribution is authorized and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. As per the Companies Act 2013, a distribution is authorized when it is approved by the shareholders. a corresponding amount is recognized directly in equity,

x) Service Work in Progress

Service Work in Progress is valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined based on Weighted Average Cost Method.

Service Work In Progress represents closing inventory of Washed and Reject Coal, which is not owned by the Company as per the terms of MDO contract. Hence, this represents work performed under contractual liability in bringing this inventory to its present condition and location,

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale,

y) Overburden Cost Adjustment

Overburden removal expenses incurred during production stage are charged to revenue based on waste-to-one ratio, (commonly known as Stripping Ratio in the industry). This ratio is taken based on the current operational phase of overall mining area. To the extent the current period ratio exceeds the expected Stripping Ratio of a phase, excess overburden costs incurred in a period are deferred and shown under "Other Non-Current Assets".

z) Expenditure

Expenses are net of taxes recoverable, where applicable.


Mar 31, 2015

A) Basis of Preparation of Financial Statement

i) The financial statements of the Company have been prepared and presented in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (Indian GAAP) to comply with accounting standards notified under Section 211(3C) for the Companies Act, 1956 ("the 1956 act") which are deemed to be applicable as per Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the 2013 Act") / Companies Act, 1956 ("the 1956 Act"), as applicable.

The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis under historical cost convention. The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are consistent with those of previous year.

ii) Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the year. Although these estimates are based on Management's best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes different from the estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized prospectively in the current and future periods.

iii) Current & Non-Current Classification

All the assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of activities and time between the activities performed and their subsequent realisation in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current / non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

b) Inventories

i) Inventories are valued at lower of cost or Net Realisable Value.

ii) Cost of inventories have been computed to include all costs of purchases, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

iii) The basis of determining cost for various categories of inventories are as follows:

Raw material : Weighted Average Cost

Traded goods : Weighted Average Cost

Stores and Spares : Weighted Average Cost

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated cost of completion and estimated cost necessary to make the sale. Necessary adjustment for Shortage / Excess stock is given based on the available evidence and past experience of the Company.

c) Cash Flow Statement

i) Cash & Cash Equivalents (for purpose of cash flow statement)

Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposit with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

ii) Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit / (loss) before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from regular revenue generating, financing and investing activities of the company are segregated.

d) Prior Period and Exceptional Items

i) All identifiable items of Income and Expenditure pertaining to prior period are accounted through "Prior Period items".

ii) Exceptional items are generally non-recurring items of income and expense within profit or loss from ordinary activities, which are of such size, nature or incidence that their disclosure is relevant to explain the performance of the Company for the year.

e) Depreciation

i) Depreciation of fixed assets is provided on Straight Line Method at rates and in the manner specified in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 w.e.f. April 1, 2014, the management has internally reassessed and changed, wherever necessary the useful lives and residual values to compute depreciation, to conform to the requirements of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.

ii) Depreciation in respect of tangible assets for power generation project is provided on straight line method considering the rates provided in Appendix III of the Regulation issued by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) dated 19th January, 2009 or rates prescribed under Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 whichever is higher. The following categories of the assets have higher rates as per aforesaid CERC Regulation as compared to the rates mentioned in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

Land (Leasehold) : 3.34%

Building : 3.34%

Plant & Machinery : 5.28%

iii) Depreciation on Leasehold improvements is provided per estimated useful life amortised over the balance of the lease period.

iv) Depreciation on assets acquired / disposed off during the year is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition / disposal.

v) Intangible Assets in the form of Software amortised over its useful economic life.

f) Revenue Recognition

i) Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured with reasonable certainty of its recovery.

ii) Sales of goods are recognised when the significant risk and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the customer and net of Value added tax and return.

iii) Income from services rendered is accounted for when the work is performed.

iv) Dividend income from investments and interest income from mutual funds is recognized when the Company's right to receive payment is established.

v) Interest income is recognized on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

vi) Profit/Loss on sale of investments are recognized on the contract date.

g) Fixed Assets

1. Tangible fixed assets

i) Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction. They are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price, import duty and other non-refundable taxes or levies and any directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing cost relating to acquisition / construction of fixed assets which take substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.

ii) Expenditure on account of modification/alteration in plant and machinery, which increases the future benefit from the existing asset beyond its previous assessed standard of performance, is capitalized.

iii) Any capital expenditure in respect of assets, the ownership of which would not vest with the Company, is charged off to revenue in the year of incurrence.

iv) The Company is adjusting the exchange difference, arising on long term foreign currency monetary items relating to acquisition of depreciable capital assets to the cost of capital and, to depreciate over the balance useful life of the assets.

v) Tangible assets not ready for the intended use on the date of Balance Sheet are disclosed as "Capital Work-in-Progress".

2. Intangible assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition/ cost incurred less accumulated depreciation.

h) Foreign Currency Transactions

The Company is exposed to foreign currency transactions including foreign currency payables, investments and borrowings. With a view to minimize the volatility arising from fluctuations in currency rates, the Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts and other derivative instruments.

i) Initial Recognition and measurement

Foreign currency transaction is recorded, on initial recognition in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount at the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

ii) Subsequent Measurement

All foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates prevailing on the balance sheet date. The resultant exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year. The non monetary items are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

iii) Exchange Differences

All exchange differences arising on settlement and conversion of foreign currency transaction are included in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iv) Forward Exchange Contracts

The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations relating to certain firm commitments and forecasted transactions. In respect of transactions covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the year end rate and the exchange rate at the date of contract is recognised as exchange difference and the premium paid on forward contracts is recognised over the life of the contracts.

The use of such foreign currency forward contracts is governed by the Company's policies approved by the management, which provide principles on use of such financial derivatives consistent with the Company's risk management strategy. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

i) Investments

i) Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long term investments.

ii) Long-term investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of long-term investments is made only if such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the management.

iii) Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and fair value, computed category wise.

iv) In respect of unincorporated joint ventures in the nature of Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) entered into by the Company for oil and gas exploration and production activiteis, the companies share in the assets and liabilities are accounted for according to the Participating Interest of the company as per PSC and the Joint Operating Agreements on a line by line basis in the Company's Financial Statements. In respect of Joint Ventures in the form of incorporated jointly controlled entities, the investment is treated a long term investment and is carried at cost.

j) Employee Benefits

Employee benefits includes gratuity, compensated absences and contribution to provident fund, employees' state insurance, superannuation fund.

Short Term Employee Benefits

Employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short term employees benefits and are recognised in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

Post Employment Benefits

i) Defined Benefit Plan

The employees' gratuity scheme is a defined benefit scheme. The present value of the obligation under such defined benefit plan is determined at each Balance Sheet date based on actuarial valuations, carried out by an independent actuary, using the Projected Unit Credit method. The liability for gratuity is funded annually to a gratuity fund maintained with the Life Insurance Corporation of India ('LIC'). Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

ii) Defined Contribution Plans

Contribution to the provident fund and superannuation scheme which are defined contribution schemes are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as they are incurred.

iii) Long-term Employee Benefits

Long term employee benefits comprise of compensated absences. These are measured based on an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary at each Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iv) For the purpose of presentation of Defined benefit plans and other long term benefits, the allocation between short term and long term provisions has been made as determined by an actuary.

k) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs include exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost. Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.

l) Segment Accounting

The company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

Based on guiding principles given in Accounting Standard on "Segment Reporting"- AS 17 as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules 2006 (as amended), if a single financial report contains both consolidated financial statements and separate financial statements of the parent, segment information need be presented only on the basis of consolidated financial statements of the Company. Hence, the required segment information has been appended in the Consolidated Financial Statements (CFS).

m) Related Party Transactions

Disclosure of transactions with Related Parties, as required by Accounting Standard 18 "Related Party Disclosures" as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules 2006 (as amended), has been set out in a separate statement annexed to this note. Related parties as defined under Clause 3 of the Accounting Standard 18 have been identified on the basis of representations made by the management and information available with the Company.

n) Leases

i) Where the Company is the lessee

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on the straight-line basis over the lease term.

ii) Where the Company is the lessor

Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on the straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

o) Earning Per Share

The Company reports basic and diluted Earnings Per Share (EPS) in accordance with the Accounting Standard 20 as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules 2006 (as amended). The Basic EPS has been computed by dividing the income available to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the accounting year. The Diluted EPS has been computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding during the accounting year.

p) Provision for Tax

Tax expenses comprises of current tax and deferred tax.

i) Current Tax

Provision for taxation has been made in accordance with the direct tax laws prevailing for the relevant assessment years.

The current tax charge for the Company includes Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) determined under Section 115JB of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

ii) MAT Credit

Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as an asset in the Balance Sheet when it is probable that future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company.

iii) Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences, being the differences between the taxable income and the accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantially enacted as at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all timing differences. Deferred tax assets in respect of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses are recognised only if there is virtual certainty that there will be sufficient future taxable income available to realise such assets. Deferred tax assets are recognised for timing differences of other tems only to the extent that reasonable certainty exists that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these can be realised. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing tax laws and the Company has a legally enforceable right for such set off. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date for their realisability.

Net outstanding balance in Deferred Tax account is recognised as deferred tax liability/asset. The deferred tax account is used solely for reversing timing difference as and when crystallized.

q) Impairment of Fixed Assets

i) The carrying amount of assets, other than inventories, is reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the assets recoverable amount is estimated.

ii) The impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset or its cash generation unit exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset's net selling price and value in the uses which is determined based on the estimated future cash flow discounted to their present values. All impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iii) An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

r) Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provision are recognised for when the Company has at present, legal or contractual obligation as a result of past events, only if it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic outgo or loss will be required and if the amount involved can be measured reliably.

Contingent liabilities being a possible obligation as a result of past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more future events not wholly

in control of the company are not recognised in the accounts. The nature of such liabilities and an estimate of its financial effect are disclosed in notes to the Financial Statements.

Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial statements.

s) Expenditure

Expenses are net of taxes recoverable, where applicable.

t) Derivative Instruments

The Company enters into derivative contracts with an intention to hedge its existing assets and liabilities, firm commitments and highly probable forecast transactions.

As per the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India ('ICAI') Announcement, accounting for derivative contracts, derivative contract other than those covered under AS-11, as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules 2006 (as amended), "The effects of Changes in the Foreign exchange rates", are marked to market on transaction basis, and the net loss after considering the offsetting effect on the underlying hedge item is charged to the income statement. Any unrealized gain on the derivative transactions arising on such mark to market are not recognized as income, until realised on grounds of prudence as enunciated in AS-1, "Disclosure of Accounting Policies".

u) Accounting for Claims

i) Claims received are accounted at the time of lodgement depending on the certainty of receipt and claims payable are accounted at the time of acceptance.

ii) Claims raised by Government Authorities regarding taxes and duties, which are disputed by the Company, are accounted based on merits of each claim. Adjustments, if any, are made in the year in which disputes are finally settled.

v) Proposed Dividend

Dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is provided for in the books of account pending approval by the members at the ensuing Annual General Meeting.

w) Doubtful Debts/Advances

Provision is made in the accounts for Debts/Advances which in the opinion of the management are considered doubtful of recovery.

x) Service Tax Input Credit

Service tax input credit is accounted for in the books in the period in which the underlying service received is accounted and when there is no uncertainty in availing / utilising the credits.


Mar 31, 2014

A) Basis of Preparation of Financial Statement

i) (a) The financial statements of the Company have been prepared and presented in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (Indian GAAP) under historical cost convention on an accrual basis. The Company has prepared these financial statements to comply in all material respects with the Accounting Standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 ( to the extend applicable ) read with General Circular 15/2013 dated 13th September 2013, issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, in respect of section 133 of the Companies Act 2013. (b) The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are consistent with those of previous year.

ii) Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgement, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the year. Although these estimates are based on Management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes different from the estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized prospectively in the current and future periods. iii) Current & Non-Current Classification

All the assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Revised Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956. Based on the nature of activities and time between the activities performed and their subsequent realisation in cash or cash equivalents, the company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current / non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

b) Inventories

i) Inventories are valued at lower of cost or Net Realisable Value.

ii) Cost of inventories have been computed to include all costs of purchases, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. iii) The basis of determining cost for various categories of inventories are as follows:

Raw material : Weighted Average Cost

Traded goods : Weighted Average Cost

Stores and Spares : Weighted Average Cost

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated cost of completion and estimated cost necessary to make the sale.

c) Cash Flow Statement

i) Cash & Cash Equivalents (for purpose of cash flow statement)

Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposit with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

ii) Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit / (loss) before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from regular revenue generating, financing and investing activities of the company are segregated.

d) Prior Period and Exceptional Items

i) All identifiable items of Income and Expenditure pertaining to prior period are accounted through "Prior Period items".

ii) Exceptional items are generally non-recurring items of income and expense within profit or loss from ordinary activities, which are of such size, nature or incidence that their disclosure is relevant to explain the performance of the Company for the year.

e) Depreciation

i) Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on straight-line method at rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 read with the relevant circulars issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.

ii) Depreciation in respect of tangible assets for power generation project is provided on straight line method considering the rates provided in Appendix III of the Regulation issued by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) dated 19th January, 2009 or rates prescribed under schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 whichever is higher. The following categories of the assets have higher rates as per aforesaid CERC Regulation as compared to the rates mentioned in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

Land (Leasehold) : 3.34%

Building : 3.34%

Plant & Machinery : 5.28%

iii) Depreciation on Leasehold improvements is provided per estimated useful life amortised over the balance of the lease period.

iv) Individual assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.

v) Intangible Assets in the form of Software which are an integral part of Computer Systems are amortised at the same rate as that of Computer Systems.

f) Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured with reasonable certainty of its recovery.

i) Sales of goods are recognised when the significant risk and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the customer and net of Value added tax and return.

ii) Income from services rendered is accounted for when the work is performed.

iii) Dividend income from investments and interest income from mutual funds is recognised when the Company''s right to receive payment is established. iv) Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

v) Profit/Loss on sale of investments are recognised on the contract date.

g) Fixed Assets

1. Tangible fixed assets

i) Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction. They are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price, import duty and other non-refundable taxes or levies and any directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing cost relating to acquisition / construction of fixed assets which take substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.

ii) Expenditure on account of modification/alteration in plant and machinery, which increases the future benefit from the existing asset beyond its previous assessed standard of performance, is capitalized.

iii) Any capital expenditure in respect of assets, the ownership of which would not vest with the Company, is charged off to revenue in the year of incurrence.

iv) In line with Notification No. G.S.R. 225 (E) dated March,2009 (further amended by notification no. G.S.R. 378 (E) dated 11.05.2011) issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India, the company has opted for adjusting the exchange difference, arising on long term foreign currency monetary items relating to acquisition of depreciable capital assets to the cost of capital and, to depreciate over the balance useful life of the assets.

v) Tangible assets not ready for the intended use on the date of Balance sheet are disclosed as "Capital work-in-progress".

2. Intangible assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition/ cost incurred less accumulated depreciation.

h) Foreign Currency Transactions

i) Initial Recognition and measurement

Foreign currency transaction is recorded, on initial recognition in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount at the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

ii) Subsequent Measurement

All foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates prevailing on the balance sheet date. The resultant exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year.

iii) Exchange Differences

All exchange differences arising on settlement and conversion of foreign currency transaction are included in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iv) Forward Exchange Contracts

The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations relating to certain firm commitments and forecasted transactions. The use of such foreign currency forward contracts is governed by the Company''s policies approved by the management, which provide principles on use of such financial derivatives consistent with the Company''s risk management strategy. The company does not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

In respect of transactions covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the year end rate and the exchange rate at the date of contract is recognised as exchange difference and the premium paid on forward contracts is recognised over the life of the contracts.

i) Investments

i) Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long term investments.

ii) Long-term investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of long-term investments is made only if such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the management.

iii) Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and fair value, computed category wise.

j) Employee Benefits

Employee benefits includes gratuity, compensated absences and contribution to provident fund, employees'' state insurance, superannuation fund.

Short Term Employee Benefits

Employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short term employees benefits and are recognised in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

Post Employment Benefits

i) Defined Benefit Plan

The employees'' gratuity scheme is a defined benefit scheme. The present value of the obligation under such defined benefit plan is determined at each Balance Sheet date based on actuarial valuations, carried out by an independent actuary, using the Projected Unit Credit method. The liability for gratuity is funded annually to a gratuity fund maintained with the Life Insurance Corporation of India (''LIC''). Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. ii) Defined Contribution Plans

Contribution to the provident fund and superannuation scheme which are defined contribution schemes are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as they are incurred.

iii) Long-term Employee Benefits

Long term employee benefits comprise of compensated absences. These are measured based on an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary at each Balance Sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iv) For the purpose of presentation of Defined benefit plans and other long term benefits, the allocation between short term and long term provisions has been made as determined by an actuary.

k) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs include exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.

l) Segment Accounting

The company prepares its segment information in confirmity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

Based on guiding principles given in Accounting Standard on "Segment Reporting"- AS 17 as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules 2006 (as amended), single financial report contains both Standalone financial statement and Consolidated financial statement of the Company. Hence, the equired segment information has been appended in the Consolidated Financial Statements (CFS).

m) Related Party Transactions

Disclosure of transactions with Related Parties, as required by Accounting Standard 18 "Related Party Disclosures" as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules 2006 (as amended), has been set out in a separate statement annexed to this note. Related parties as defined under clause 3 of the Accounting Standard 18 have been identified on the basis of representations made by the management and information available with the Company.

n) Leases

i) Where the Company is the lessee

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on the straight-line basis over the lease term.

ii) Where the Company is the lessor

Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on the straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

o) Earning Per Share

The Company reports basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) in accordance with the Accounting Standard 20 as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules 2006 (as amended). The Basic EPS has been computed by dividing the income available to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the accounting year. The Diluted EPS has been computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding at the end of the year.

p) Provision for Tax

Tax expenses comprises of current tax and deferred tax.

i) Current Tax

Provision for taxation has been made in accordance with the direct tax laws prevailing for the relevant assessment years.

The current tax charge for the Company includes minimum alternative tax (MAT) determined under section 115JB of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

ii) MAT Credit

Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as an asset in the Balance Sheet when it is probable that future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company.

iii) Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences, being the differences between the taxable income and the accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantially enacted as at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all timing differences. Deferred tax assets in respect of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses are recognised only if there is virtual certainty that there will be sufficient future taxable income available to realise such assets. Deferred tax assets are recognised for timing differences of other items only to the extent that reasonable certainty exists that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these can be realised.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing tax laws and the Company has a legally enforceable right for such set off. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date for their realisability. Net outstanding balance in Deferred Tax account is recognised as deferred tax liability/asset. The deferred tax account is used solely for reversing timing difference as and when crystallized.

q) Impairment of Fixed Assets

i) The carrying amount of assets, other than inventories, is reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the assets recoverable amount is estimated.

ii) The impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset or its cash generation unit exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in the uses which is determined based on the estimated future cash flow discounted to their present values. All impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iii) An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

r) Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provision are recognised for when the company has at present, legal or contractual obligation as a result of past events, only if it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic outgo or loss will be required and if the amount involved can be measured reliably. Contingent liabilities being a possible obligation as a result of past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more future events not wholly in control of the company are not recognised in the accounts. The nature of such liabilities and an estimate of its financial effect are disclosed in notes to the Financial Statements. Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial statements.

s) Expenditure

Expenses are net of taxes recoverable, where applicable.

t) Derivative Instruments

As per the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (''ICAI'') Announcement, accounting for derivative contracts, derivative contract other than those covered under AS – 11, as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules 2006 (as amended), "The effects of Changes in the Foreign exchange rates", are marked to market on a portfolio basis, and the net loss after considering the offsetting effect on the underlying hedge item is charged to the income statement. Net gains are ignored.

u) Accounting for Claims

i) Claims received are accounted at the time of lodgement depending on the certainty of receipt and claims payable are accounted at the time of acceptance.

ii) Claims raised by Government authorities regarding taxes and duties, which are disputed by the Company, are accounted based on merits of each claim. Adjustments, if any, are made in the year in which disputes are finally settled.

v) Proposed Dividend

Dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is provided for in the books of account pending approval by the members at the ensuing Annual General Meeting.

w) Doubtful Debts/Advances

Provision is made in the accounts for Debts/Advances which in the opinion of the management are considered doubtful of recovery.

x) Service Tax Input Credit

Service tax input credit is accounted for in the books in the period in which the underlying service received is accounted and when there is no uncertainty in availing / utilising the credits.


Mar 31, 2013

A) Basis of Preparation of Financial Statement

i) The financial statements of the Company have been prepared and presented in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (Indian GAAP) under historical cost convention on an accrual basis. The Company has prepared these financial statements to comply in all material respects with the Accounting Standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are consistent with those of previous year.

ii) Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgement, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the year. Although these estimates are based on Management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes differentfrom the estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized prospectively in the current and future periods.

iii) Current & Non-Current Classification

All the assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Revised Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956. Based on the nature of activities and time between the activities performed and their subsequent realisation in cash or cash equivalents, the company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current/ non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

b) Inventories

i) Inventories are valued at lower of cost or Net Realisable Value.

ii) Cost of inventories have been computed to include all costs of purchases, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

iii) The basis of determining cost for various categories of inventories are as follows:

Raw material : Weighted Average Cost

Traded goods : Weighted Average Cost

Stores and Spares : Weighted Average Cost

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated cost of completion and estimated cost necessary to make the sale.

c) Cash Flow Statement

i) Cash & Cash Equivalents (for purpose of cash flow statement)

Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposit with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

ii) Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit/ (loss) before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from regular revenue generating, financing and investing activities of the company are segregated.

d) Prior Period and Exceptional Items

i) All identifiable items of Income and Expenditure pertaining to prior period are accounted through "Prior Period items".

ii) Exceptional items are generally non-recurring items of income and expense within profit or loss from ordinary activities, which are of such size, nature or incidence that their disclosure is relevant to explain the performance of the Company for the year.

e) Depreciation

I) Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on straight-line method at rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 read with the relevant circulars issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.

ii) Depreciation in respect of tangible assets for power generation project is provided on straight line method considering the rates provided in Appendix III of the Regulation issued by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) dated 19th January, 2009 or rates prescribed under schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 whichever is higher. The following categories of the assets have higher rates as per aforesaid CERC Regulation as compared to the rates mentioned in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

Land (Leasehold) : 3.34%

Building : 3.34%

Plant&Machinery : 5.28%

iii) Depreciation on Leasehold improvements is provided per estimated useful life amortised over the balance of the lease period.

iv) Individual assets costing less than Rs. 5,000/-arefullydepreciated in theyearof purchase.

v) Intangible Assets in the form of Software which are an integral part of Computer Systems are amortised at the same rate as that of Computer Systems.

f) Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognised when consideration can be reasonably measured and there exists reasonable certainty of its recovery.

i) Sales of goods are recognised when the significant risk and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to thecustomerand netofValueadded taxand return.

ii) Income from services rendered is accounted forwhen the work is performed.

iii) Dividend income from investments and interest income from mutual funds is recognised when the Company''s right to receive payment is established.

vi) Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

v) Profit/Loss on sale of investments are recognised on the contract date.

vi) Export benefits under various scheme announced by the Central Government under Exim policies are accounted for on accrual basis to the extent considered receivable, depending on the certainty of receipt.

g) Fixed Assets

1. Tangible fixed assets

i) Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction. They are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price, import duty and other non-refundable taxes or levies and any directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing cost relating to acquisition/construction of fixed assets which take substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.

ii) Expenditure on account of modification/alteration in plant and machinery, which increases the future benefitfrom the existing asset beyond its previous assessed standard of performance, is capitalized.

iii) Any capital expenditure in respect of assets, the ownership of which would not vest with the Company, is charged off to revenue in theyearof incurrence.

iv) In line with Notification No. G.S.R. 225 (E) dated March, 2009 (further amended by notification no. G.S.R. 378 (E) dated 11.05.2011) issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India, the company has opted for adjusting the exchange difference, arising on long term foreign currency monetary items relating to acquisition of depreciable capital assets to the cost of capital and, to depreciate over the balance useful life of the assets.

v) Tangible assets not ready for the intended use on the date of Balance sheet are disclosed as "Capital work- in-progress".

2. Intangible assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition/cost incurred less accumulated depreciation.

h) Foreign CurrencyTransactions

i) Initial Recognition and measurement

Foreign currency transaction is recorded, on initial recognition in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount at the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

ii) Subsequent Measurement

Foreign currency receivables, payables and investments in subsidiaries (monetary items) are subsequently measured asstated below:

At the year-end, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies, other than those covered by forward contracts, are converted into rupee equivalents at the year end exchange rates.

iii) Exchange Differences

All exchange differences arising on settlement and conversion of foreign currency transaction are included in theStatementof Profitand Loss.

iv) Forward Exchange Contracts

The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations relating to certain firm commitments and forecasted transactions.

The use of such foreign currency forward contracts is governed by the Company''s policies approved by the management, which provide principles on use of such financial derivatives consistent with the Company''s risk management strategy. The company does not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

In respect of transactions covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the year end rate and the exchange rate at the date of contract is recognised as exchange difference and the premium paid on forward contracts is recognised over the life of the contracts.

I) Investments

i) Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long term investments.

ii) Long-term investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of long-term investments is made only if such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the management.

iii) Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and fair value, computed category wise.

j) Employee Benefits

Short Term Employee Benefits

Short-term employees benefits are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year in which the related service is rendered.

Post Employment Benefits

i) Defined Benefit Plan

Gratuity with respect to defined benefitschemes are accrued based on actuarial valuations, carried out by an independent actuary as at the balance sheet date. These contributions are covered through Group Gratuity Scheme with Life Insurance Corporation of India and are charged against revenue.

ii) Defined Contribution plans

The Company''s Officer''s Superannuation Fund Scheme, state governed Provident Fund Scheme, Employee State Insurance Scheme and Labour Welfare Fund Scheme are considered as defined contribution plans. The contribution under the schemes is recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss, as they are incurred. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective funds.

iii) Provision is made for leave encashment based on actuarial valuation, carried out by an independent actuary as at the balance sheet date.

vi) Termination benefits, if any, are recognised as an expense as and when incurred.

v) For the purpose of presentation of Defined benefit plans and other long term benefits, the allocation between short term and long term provisions has been made as determined by an actuary.

k) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs thatare attributable to the acquisition orconstruction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.

I) Segment Accounting

Based on guiding principles given in Accounting Standard on "Segment Reporting"- AS 17 as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended), single financial report contains both Standalone financial statement and Consolidated Financial Statement of the Company. Hence, the required segment information has been appended in the Consolidated Financial Statements (CFS).

m) Related Party Transactions

Disclosure of transactions with Related Parties, as required by Accounting Standard 18 "Related Party Disclosures" as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended), has been set out in a separate statement annexed to this note. Related parties as defined under clause 3 of the Accounting Standard 18 have been identified on the basis of representations made by the management and information available with theCompany.

n) Leases

Lease arrangement where riskand rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vest with the Lessor are recognised as Operating Leases. The Company''s significant leasing arrangements are in respect of operating leases for immovable property which includes residential premises, office, godowns, etc. The aggregate lease rentals payable/receivables are recognised as expenditure/income in the Statement of Profit and Loss as per the respective lease agreements.

o) Earning Per Share

The Company reports basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) in accordance with the Accounting Standard 20 as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended). The Basic EPS has been computed by dividing the income available to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the accounting year. The Diluted EPS has been computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding at the end of the year.

p) Provision for Tax

Tax expenses comprises of current tax and deferred tax.

i) CurrentTax

Provision for taxation has been made in accordance with the direct tax laws prevailing for the relevant assessmentyears.

The current tax charge for the Company includes minimum alternative tax (MAT) determined under section 115JB of the Income Tax Act,1961.

ii) Deferred Tax

In accordance with the Accounting Standard 22 - Accounting for Taxes on Income, as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules 2006 (as amended), the deferred tax for timing differences between the book and tax profits for the year is accounted for by using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as of the Balance Sheet Date.

Deferred tax assets arising from timing differences are recognised to the extent there is virtual certainty that the assets can be realized in future.

Net outstanding balance in Deferred Tax account is recognised as deferred tax liability/asset. The deferred tax account is used solely for reversing timing difference as and when crystallized.

q) Impairment of Fixed Assets

i) The carrying amount of assets, other than inventories, is reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the assets recoverable amount is estimated.

ii) The impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset or its cash generation unit exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in the uses which is determined based on the estimated future cash flow discounted to their present values. All impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iii) An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amountand is recognised in theStatementof Profitand Loss.

r) Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provision are recognised for when the company has at present, legal or contractual obligation as a result of past events, only if it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic outgo or loss will be required and if the amount involved can be measured reliably.

Contingent liabilities being a possible obligation as a result of past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more future events not wholly in control of the company are not recognised in the accounts. The nature of such liabilities and an estimate of its financial effect are disclosed in notes to the Financial Statements.

Contingentassetsare neitherrecognised nordisclosed in the financial statements.

s) Expenditure

Expenses are net of taxes recoverable, where applicable.

t) Derivative Instruments

As per the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (''ICAI'') Announcement, accounting for derivative contracts, derivative contract other than those covered under AS - 11, as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended), "The effects of Changes in the Foreign exchange rates", are marked to market on a portfolio basis, and the net loss after considering the offsetting effect on the underlying hedge item is charged to the income statement. Netgainsare ignored.

u) Accounting for Claims

i) Claims received are accounted at the time of lodgement depending on the certainty of receipt and claims payable are accounted at the time of acceptance.

ii) Claims raised by Government authorities regarding taxes and duties, which are disputed by the Company, are accounted based on legality of each claim. Adjustments, if any, are made in the year in which disputes are finally settled.

v) Proposed Dividend

Dividend proposed by the Directors is provided for in the books of account pending approval by the members at the ensuing Annual General Meeting.

w) Doubtful Debts/Advances

Provision is made in the accounts for Debts/Advances which in the opinion of the management are considered doubtful of recovery.

x) ServiceTax InputCredit

Service tax input credit is accounted for in the books in the period in which the underlying service received is accounted and when there is no uncertainty in availing/utilising the credits.


Mar 31, 2012

A) Basis of Preparation of Financial Statement

i) The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention using the accrual basis of accounting and comply with all the mandatory Accounting Standards as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, as adopted consistently by the Company.

ii) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised in the period in which such revision are made.

b) Inventories

i) Inventories are valued at lower of cost or Net Realisable Value.

ii) Cost of inventories have been computed to include all costs of purchases, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

iii) The basis of determining cost for various categories of inventories are as follows:

Raw material : Weighted Average Cost

Traded / Finished goods : Weighted Average Cost Stores and Spares : Weighted Average Cost

c) Cash Flow Statement

i) Cash & Cash Equivalents (for purpose of cash flow statement)

Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposit with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

ii) Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit / (loss) before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments.

d) Prior Period and Exceptional Items

i) All identifiable items of Income and Expenditure pertaining to prior period are accounted through "Prior Period items".

ii) Exceptional items are generally non-recurring items of income and expense within profit or loss from ordinary activities, which are of such size, nature or incidence that their disclosure is relevant to explain the performance of the Company for the year.

e) Depreciation

i) Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on straight-line method at rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 read with the relevant circulars issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.

ii) Depreciation in respect of tangible assets for power generation project is provided on straight line method considering the rates provided in Appendix III of the Regulation issued by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) dated 19th January, 2009 or rates prescribed under schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 whichever is higher. The following categories of the assets have higher rates as per aforesaid CERC Regulation as compared to the rates mentioned in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

Land (Leasehold) : 3.34%

Building : 3.34%

Plant & Machinery : 5.28%

iii) Depreciation on Leasehold improvements is provided per estimated useful life amortised over the balance of the lease period.

iv) Individual assets costing less than Rs. 5,000/- are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.

v) Intangible Assets in the form of Software which are an integral part of Computer Systems are amortised at the same rate as that of Computer Systems.

f) Revenue Recognition

i) Sales of goods are recognised on shipment or dispatch to customer and net of value added tax and return.

ii) Dividend income from investments and interest income from mutual funds is recognised when the Company's right to receive payment is established.

iii) Income from services rendered is accounted for when the work is performed.

iv) Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

v) Profit/Loss on sale of investments are recognised on the contract date.

vi) Export benefits under various scheme announced by the Central Government under Exim policies are accounted for on accrual basis to the extent considered receivable, depending on the certainty of receipt.

g) Fixed Assets

i) Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction. They are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing cost relating to acquisition / construction of fixed assets which take substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.

ii) Expenditure on account of modification/alteration in plant and machinery, which increases the future benefit from the existing asset beyond its previous assessed standard of performance, is capitalized.

iii) Any capital expenditure in respect of assets, the ownership of which would not vest with the Company, is charged off to revenue in the year of incurrence.

iv) In line with Notification No. G.S.R. 225(E) dated March, 2009 (further amended by notification no. G.S.R. 378 (E) dated 11.05.2011) issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India, the Company has opted for adjusting the exchange difference, arising on long term foreign currency monetary items relating to acquisition of depreciable capital assets to the cost of capital and, to depreciate over the balance useful life of the assets.

v) Expenditure related to and incurred during implementation of capital projects is included under "Capital Work in Progress" or "Project Development Expenditure" as the case may be. The same is allocated to the respective fixed assets on completion of construction/errection of the capital project / fixed assets.

h) Foreign Currency Transactions

i) Initial Recognition

Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction.

ii) Conversion

At the year-end, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies, other than those covered by forward contracts, are converted into rupee equivalents at the year end exchange rates.

iii) Exchange Differences

All exchange differences arising on settlement and conversion of foreign currency transaction are included in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iv) Forward Exchange Contracts

The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations relating to certain firm commitments and forecasted transactions.

The use of such foreign currency forward contracts is governed by the Company's policies approved by the management, which provide principles on use of such financial derivatives consistent with the Company's risk management strategy. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

In respect of transactions covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the year end rate and the exchange rate at the date of contract is recognised as exchange difference and the premium paid on forward contracts is recognised over the life of the contracts. i) Investments

i) Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long term investments.

ii) Long-term investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of long-term investments is made only if such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the management

iii) Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and quoted/fair value, computed category wise.

iv) Investments in Equity Shares of foreign subsidiaries are expressed in Indian Currency at the rates of exchange prevailing at the time when the investment was made.

j) Employee Retirement Benefits

i) Defined Benefit Plan

Gratuity with respect to defined benefit schemes are accrued based on actuarial valuations, carried out by an independent actuary as at the balance sheet date. These contributions are covered through Group Gratuity Scheme with Life Insurance Corporation of India and are charged against revenue.

ii) Defined Contribution plans

Company's contribution to Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund, Employees' State Insurance Fund are determined under the relevant schemes and/or statute, charged to the Statement of Profit & Loss when incurred.

iii) Provision is made for leave encashment based on actuarial valuation, carried out by an independent actuary as at the balance sheet date.

iv) Termination benefits, if any, are recognised as an expense as and when incurred.

k) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.

I) Segment Accounting

Based on guiding principles given in Accounting Standard on "Segment Reporting"- AS 17 as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended), single financial report contains both Standalone Financial Statement and Consolidated Financial Statement of the Company. Hence, the required segment information has been appended in the Consolidated Financial Statements (CFS).

m) Related Party Transactions

Disclosure of transactions with Related Parties, as required by Accounting Standard 18 "Related Party Disclosures" as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules 2006 (as amended), has been set out in a separate statement annexed to this note. Related parties as defined under clause 3 of the Accounting Standard 18 have been identified on the basis of representations made by the management and information available with the Company.

n) Leases

Lease arrangement where risk and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vest with the Lessor are recognised as Operating Leases. The Company's significant leasing arrangements are in respect of operating leases for immovable property which includes residential premises, office, godowns, etc. The aggregate lease rental payable is charged as rent including lease rentals.

0) Earning Per Share

The Company reports basic and diluted Earnings Per Share (EPS) in accordance with the Accounting Standard 20 as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended). The Basic EPS has been computed by dividing the income available to Equity Shareholders by the weighted average number of Equity Shares outstanding during the accounting year. The Diluted EPS has been computed using the weighted average number of Equity Shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding at the end of the year. p) Taxes on Income

1) Deferred Taxation

In accordance with the Accounting Standard 22 - Accounting for Taxes on Income, as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended), the deferred tax for timing differences between the book and tax profits for the year is accounted for by using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as of the Balance Sheet Date.

Deferred tax assets arising from timing differences are recognised to the extent there is virtual certainty that the assets can be realized in future.

Net outstanding balance in Deferred Tax account is recognised as deferred tax liability/asset. The deferred tax account is used solely for reversing timing difference as and when crystallized

ii) Current Taxation

Provision for taxation including wealth tax has been made in accordance with the direct tax laws prevailing for the relevant assessment years.

The current tax charge for the Company includes Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) determined under section 115JB of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

q) Impairment of Fixed Assets

The carrying amount of assets, other than inventories, is reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the assets recoverable amount is estimated.

The impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset or its cash generation unit exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset's net selling price and value in the uses which is determined based on the estimated future cash flow discounted to their present values. All impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

r) Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provision involving substantial degree of estimation in measurements are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed in the notes. Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial statements.

s) Expenditure

Expenses are net of taxes recoverable, where applicable.

t) Derivative Instruments

As per the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India ('ICAI') Announcement, accounting for derivative contracts, derivative contract other than those covered under AS - 11, as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended), "The effects of Changes in the Foreign exchange rates", are marked to market on a portfolio basis, and the net loss after considering the offsetting effect on the underlying hedge item is charged to the income statement. Net gains are ignored.

u) Accounting for Claims

i) Claims received are accounted at the time of lodgement depending on the certainty of receipt and claims payable are accounted at the time of acceptance.

ii) Claims raised by Government authorities regarding taxes and duties, which are disputed by the Company, are accounted based on legality of each claim. Adjustments, if any, are made in the year in which disputes are finally settled.

v) Proposed Dividend

Dividend proposed by the Directors is provided for in the books of account pending approval by the members at the ensuing Annual General Meeting.

w) Doubtful Debts/Advances

Provision is made in the accounts for Debts/Advances which in the opinion of the management are considered doubtful of recovery.

x) Service Tax Input Credit

Service tax input credit is accounted for in the books in the period in which the underlying service received is accounted and when there is no uncertainty in availing / utilising the credits.


Mar 31, 2011

A) BASIS OF PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention using the accrual basis of accounting and comply with all the mandatory Accounting Standards as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, as adopted consistently by the Company.

b) USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised in the period in which such revision are made.

c) INVENTORIES

i) Inventories are valued at lower of cost or Net Realisable Value.

ii) Cost of inventories have been computed to include all costs of purchases, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

iii) The basis of determining cost for various categories of inventories are as follows:

a) Raw material Weighted Average Cost.

b) Traded / Finished goods Weighted Average Cost.

c) Stores and Spares Weighted Average Cost.

d) CASH FLOW STATEMENT

The Cash Flow Statement is being prepared in accordance with the format prescribed by Securities and Exchange Board of India and as per Accounting Stanadard-3 as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006.

e) PRIOR PERIOD AND EXCEPTIONAL ITEMS

All identifiable items of Income and Expenditure pertaining to prior period are accounted through "Prior Period Adjustment Account".

Exceptional items are generally non-recurring items of income and expense within profit or loss from ordinary activities, which are of such size, nature or incidence that their disclosure is relevant to explain the performance of the Company for the year.

f) DEPRECIATION

i) Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on straight line method at rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 read with the relevant circulars issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.

ii) Depreciation on Assets acquired / disposed off during the year is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition/disposal.

iii) Individual assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.

iv) Intangible Assets in the form of Software which are an integral part of Computer Systems are amortised at the same rate as that of Computer Systems.

g) REVENUE RECOGNITION

i) Sales of goods are recognised on shipment or dispatch to customer and net of value added tax and return.

ii) Dividend income from investments is recognised when the Companys right to receive payment is established.

iii) Income from services rendered is accounted for when the work is performed.

iv) Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

v) Profit/Loss on sale of investments are recognised on the contract date.

vi) Export benefits under various scheme announced by the Central Government under Exim policies are accounted for on accrual basis to the extent considered receivable, depending on the certainty of receipt.

h) FIXED ASSETS

i) Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction. They are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation.

ii) Expenditure on account of modification/alteration in plant and machinery, which increases the future benefit from the existing asset beyond its previous assessed standard of performance, is capitalized.

iii) Any capital expenditure in respect of assets, the ownership of which would not vest with the Company, is charged off to revenue in the year of incurrence.

iv) Fixed Asset includes:

a. Capital work in progress where assets not put to use before year-end.

b. Capital advances towards the acquisition of fixed assets. i) FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS

i) Initial Recognition

Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction.

ii) Conversion

At the year-end, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies, other than those covered by forward contracts, are converted into rupee equivalents at the year end exchange rates.

iii) Exchange Differences

All exchange differences arising on settlement and conversion of foreign currency transaction are included in the Profit and Loss Account.

iv) Forward Exchange Contracts

The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations relating to certain firm commitments and forecasted transactions.

The use of such foreign currency forward contracts is governed by the Companys policies approved by the management, which provide principles on use of such financial derivatives consistent with the Companys risk management strategy. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

In respect of transactions covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the year end rate and the exchange rate at the date of contract is recognised as exchange difference and the premium paid on forward contracts is recognised over the life of the contracts.

j) INVESTMENTS

(i) Long-term investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of long-term investments is made only if such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the management.

(ii) Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and quoted/fair value, computed category wise.

(iii) Investments in Equity Shares of foreign subsidiaries are expressed in Indian Currency at the rates of exchange prevailing at the time when the investment was made.

k) EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT BENEFITS

(i) Defined Benefit Plan

Gratuity with respect to defined benefit schemes are accrued based on actuarial valuations, carried out by an independent actuary as at the balance sheet date. These contributions are covered through Group Gratuity Scheme with Life Insurance Corporation of India and are charged against revenue.

(ii) Defined Contribution plans

Companys contribution to Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund, Employees State Insurance Fund are determined under the relevant schemes and/or statute, charged to the Profit & Loss Account when incurred.

(iii) Provision is made for leave encashment based on actuarial valuation, carried out by an independent actuary as at the balance sheet date.

(iv) Termination benefits, if any, are recognised as an expense as and when incurred.

l) BORROWING COSTS

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

m) SEGMENT ACCOUNTING

Based on guiding principles given in Accounting Standard on "Segment Reporting"- AS 17, single financial report contains both Standalone financial statement and Consolidated financial statement of the Company. Hence, the required segment information has been appended in the Consolidated Financial Statements (CFS).

n) RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Disclosure of transactions with Related Parties, as required by Accounting Standard 18 "Related Party Disclosures" has been set out in a separate note forming part of this Schedule. Related parties as defined under clause 3 of the Accounting Standard 18 have been identified on the basis of representations made by the management and information available with the Company.

o) LEASES

The Companys significant leasing arrangements are in respect of operating leases for immovable property which includes residential premises, office, godowns, etc. The aggregate lease rental payable is charged as rent including lease rentals.

p) EARNING PER SHARE

The Company reports basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) in accordance with the Accounting Standard 20 as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules 2006. The Basic EPS has been computed by dividing the income available to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the accounting year. The Diluted EPS has been computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential Equity Shares outstanding at the end of the year.

q) TAXES ON INCOME

i) DEFERRED TAXATION

In accordance with the Accounting Standard 22 - Accounting for Taxes on Income, as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, the deferred tax for timing differences between the book and tax profits for the year is accounted for by using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as of the Balance Sheet Date.

Deferred tax assets arising from timing differences are recognised to the extent there is virtual certainty that the assets can be realized in future.

Net outstanding balance in Deferred Tax account is recognised as deferred tax liability/asset. The deferred tax account is used solely for reversing timing difference as and when crystallized.

ii) CURRENT TAXATION

Provision for taxation including wealth tax has been made in accordance with the direct tax laws prevailing for the relevant assessment years.

The current tax charge for the Company includes Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) determined under section 115JB of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

r) IMPAIRMENT OF FIXED ASSETS

The carrying amount of assets, other than inventories, is reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the assets recoverable amount is estimated.

The impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset or its cash generation unit exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and value in the uses which is determined based on the estimated future cash flow discounted to their present values. All impairment losses are recognised in the profit and loss account.

An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount and is recognised in the profit and loss account.

s) PROVISION, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND CONTINGENT ASSETS

Provision involving substantial degree of estimation in measurements are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed in the notes. Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial statements.

t) EXPENDITURE

Expenses are net of taxes recoverable, where applicable.

u) DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

As per the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) Announcement, accounting for derivative contracts, derivative contract other than those covered under AS-11, as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006,"The Effects of Changes in the Foreign Exchange Rates", are marked to market on a portfolio basis, and the net loss after considering the offsetting effect on the underlying hedge item is charged to the income statement. Net gains are ignored.

v) ACCOUNTING OF CLAIMS

i) Claims received are accounted at the time of lodgment depending on the certainty of receipt and claims payable are accounted at the time of acceptance.

ii) Claims raised by Government authorities regarding taxes and duties, which are disputed by the Company, are accounted based on legality of each claim. Adjustments, if any, are made in the year in which disputes are finally settled.

w) PROPOSED DIVIDEND

Dividend proposed by the Directors is provided for in the books of account pending approval by the members at the Annual General Meeting.

x) DOUBTFUL DEBTS/ADVANCES

Provision is made in the accounts for Debts/Advances which in the opinion of the management are considered doubtful of recovery.

y) MISCELLANEOUS EXPENDITURE (TO THE EXTENT NOT WRITTEN OFF OR ADJUSTED)

Miscellaneous Expenditure represent the expenses incurred on Rights Issue offer and the same has been adjusted against Securities Premium account as permitted under Section 78 of the Companies Act,1956.


Mar 31, 2010

A) BASIS OF PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention using the accrual basis of accounting and comply with all the mandatory Accounting Standards as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 and relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, as adopted consistently by the Company.

b) USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized in the period in which such revision are made.

c) INVENTORIES

i). Inventories are valued at lower of cost or Net Realisable value.

ii). Cost of inventories have been computed to include all costs of purchases, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

iii). The basis of determining cost for various categories of inventories are as follows:

a) Raw material : Weighted Average Cost

b) Traded / Finished goods : Weighted Average Cost.

c) Stores and Spares : Weighted Average Cost.

d) CASH FLOW STATEMENT

The Cash flow Statement is being prepared in accordance with the format prescribed by Securities and Exchange Board of India and as per Accounting Stanadard-3 as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006.

e) PRIOR PERIOD AND EXCEPTIONAL ITEMS

All identifiable items of Income and Expenditure pertaining to prior period are accounted through “Prior Period Adjustment Account”

Exceptional items are generally non-recurring items of income and expense within profit or loss from ordinary activities, which are of such size, nature or incidence that their disclosure is relevant to explain the performance of the Company for the year.

f) DEPRECIATION

i) Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on straight line method at rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 read with the relevant circulars issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.

ii) Depreciation on Assets acquired / disposed off during the year is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition/disposal.

iii) Individual assets costing less than Rs.5,000/- are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.

iv) Intangible Assets in the form of Software which are an integral part of Computer Systems are amortised at the same rate as that of Computer Systems.

g) REVENUE RECOGNITION

i) Sales of goods are recognised on shipment or dispatch to customer sales and net of Value added tax and return.

ii) Dividend income from investments is recognised when the Companys right to receive payment is established.

iii) Income from services rendered is accounted for when the work is performed.

iv) Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

v) Profit/Loss on sale investments are recognized on the contract date.

vi) Export benefits under various scheme announced by the Central Government under Exim policies are accounted for on accrual basis to the extent considered receivable, depending on the certainty of receipt.

h) FIXED ASSETS

i) Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction. They are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation.

ii) Expenditure on accounts of modification/alteration in plant and machinery, which increases the future benefit from the existing asset beyond its previous assessed standard of performance, is capitalized.

iii) Any capital expenditure in respect of assets, the ownership of which would not vest with the Company, is charged off to revenue in the year of incurrence.

iv) The cost of fixed assets not put to use before the year end, are disclosed under capital work-in-progress.

i) FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS

i) Initial Recognition

Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction.

ii) Conversion

At the year-end, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies, other than those covered by forward contracts, are converted into rupee equivalents at the year end exchange rates.

iii) Exchange Differences

All exchange differences arising on settlement and conversion of foreign currency transaction are included in the Profit and Loss Account.

iv) Forward Exchange Contracts

The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations relating to certain firm commitments and forecasted transactions.

The use of such foreign currency forward contracts is governed by the Companys policies approved by the management, which provide principles on use of such financial derivatives consistent with the Companys risk management strategy. The Company does not use derivative financial instrument for speculative purposes.

In respect of transactions covered by forward exchange contracts, the difference between the year end rate and the exchange rate at the date of contract is recognised as exchange difference and the premium paid on forward contracts is recognised over the life of the contracts.

j) INVESTMENTS

a) Long-term Investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of long-term Investments is made only if such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the management.

b) Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and quoted/fair value, computed category wise.

c) Investments in Equity Shares of foreign subsidiaries are expressed in Indian Currency at the rates of exchange prevailing at the time when the investment was made.

k) EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT BENEFITS

a) Defined Benefit Plan :

Gratuity with respect to defined benefit schemes are accrued based on actuarial valuations, carried out by an independent actuary as at the balance sheet date. These contributions are covered through Group Gratuity Scheme with Life Insurance Corporation of India and are charged against revenue.

b) Defined Contribution plans :

Companys contribution to Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund, Employees State Insurance Fund are determined under the relevant schemes and/or statute, charged to the Profit & Loss Account when incurred.

c) Provision is made for leave encashment based on actuarial valuation, carried out by an independent actuary as at the balance sheet date.

d) Termination benefits, if any, are recognized as an expense as and when incurred.

l) BORROWING COSTS

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as a part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

m) SEGMENT ACCOUNTING

Based on guiding principles given in Accounting Standard on “Segment Reporting”- AS 17, single financial report contains both Consolidated financial statement and the Standalone financial statements of the Company. Hence, the required segment information appended in the Consolidated financial statements.

n) RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Disclosure of transactions with Related Parties, as required by Accounting Standard 18 “Related Party Disclosures” has been set out in a separate note forming part of this Schedule. Related parties as defined under clause 3 of the Accounting Standard 18 have been identified on the basis of representations made by key managerial personnel and information available with the Company.

o) LEASES

The Companys significant leasing arrangements are in respect of operating leases for premises (residential, office, stores, godowns, etc.) and land. The aggregate lease rental payable are charged as rent including lease rentals.

p) EARNING PER SHARE

The Company reports basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) in accordance with the Accounting Standard 20 as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006. The Basic EPS has been computed by dividing the income available to Equity Shareholders by the weighted average number of Equity Shares outstanding during the accounting year. The Diluted EPS has been computed using the weighted average number of Equity Shares and dilutive potential Equity Shares outstanding at the end of the year.

q) TAXES ON INCOME

I) DEFERRED TAXATION

In accordance with the Accounting Standard 22 – Accounting for Taxes on Income, as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006, the deferred tax for timing differences between the book and tax profits for the year is accounted for by using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as of the Balance Sheet Date.

Deferred tax assets arising from timing differences are recognised to the extent there is virtual certainty that the assets can be realised in future.

Net outstanding balance in Deferred Tax account is recognized as deferred tax liability/asset. The deferred tax account is used solely for reversing timing difference as and when crystallized.

ii). CURRENT TAXATION

Provision for taxation has been made in accordance with the income tax laws prevailing for the relevant assessment years.

r) IMPAIRMENT OF FIXED ASSETS

The carrying amount of assets, other than inventories, is reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the assets recoverable amount is estimated.

The impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset or its cash generation unit exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and value in the uses which is determined based on the estimated future cash flow discounted to their present values. All impairment losses are recognised in the profit and loss account.

An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount and is recognised in the profit and loss account.

s) PROVISION, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND CONTINGENT ASSETS

Provision involving substantial degree of estimation in measurements are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the notes. Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.

t) EXPENDITURE

Expenses are net of taxes recoverable, where applicable.

u) DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

As per the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) Announcement, accounting for derivative contracts, derivative contract other than those covered under As–11 as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006, “The effects of Changes in the Foreign exchange rates”, are marked to market on a portfolio basis, and the net loss after considering the offsetting effect on the underlying hedge item is charged to the income statement. Net gains are ignored.

v) ACCOUNTING OF CLAIMS

I). Claims received are accounted at the time of lodgment depending on the certainty of receipt and claims payable are accounted at the time of acceptance.

ii). Claims raised by Government authorities regarding taxes and duties, which are disputed by the Company, are accounted based on legality of each claim. Adjustments, if any, are made in the year in which disputes are finally settled.

w) PROPOSED DIVIDEND

Dividend proposed by the Directors is provided for in the books of account pending approval by the members at the Annual General Meeting.

x) DOUBTFUL DEBTS/ADVANCES

Provision is made in the accounts for Debts/Advances which in the opinion of the management are considered doubtful of recovery.

y) MISCELLANEOUS EXPENDITURE (TO THE EXTENT NOT WRITTEN OFF OR ADJUSTED)

Share issue expenses incurred in connection with the Rights Issue of the Company is shown under Miscellaneous Expenditure (to the extent not written off or adjusted). Such expenditure would be adjusted against the Share Premium Account as and when shares will be issued after completion of rights issue.

Get Instant News Updates
Enable
x
Notification Settings X
Time Settings
Done
Clear Notification X
Do you want to clear all the notifications from your inbox?
Settings X