Mar 31, 2018
1. Summary of significant accounting policies
a) Current v/s non-current Classification
The significant accounting policies adopted by Company in respect of these Standalone Financial Statements, are set out below.
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is classified as current when it is:
- Expected to be realised or intended to sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
- Held primarily for the purpose of trading
- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
- Expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.
- Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
b) Foreign currencies
The Companyâs financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR) which is also the Companyâs functional currency. Functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which an entity operates and is normally the currency in which the entity primarily generates and expends cash.
Transactions and balances
Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at the functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date.
Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured at fair value are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at the date that the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.
c) Fair value measurement
The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received from sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell an asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
- In the principal market for the asset or liability
- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
- Level 1 - Level 1 hierarchy includes financial instruments measured using quoted prices, for example listed equity instruments, traded bonds and mutual funds that have quoted prices.
- Level 2 - The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined using valuation techniques that maximise the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on entity specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable the instrument is included in level 2
- Level 3 - If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3.
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
d) Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. The Company has concluded that it is the principal in all of its revenue arrangements since it is the primary obligor in all the revenue arrangements and has pricing latitude.
Revenue from Sale of goods is recognised when significant risk & reward of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer. Revenue from the sale of goods is measured at the fair value of consideration received/ receivable, net of returns & allowances, trade discount & volume rebates. Further Revenue from sale of goods should be presented net of GST
Revenue from a contract to provide services is recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the contract.
Interest
Interest income, is recorded using the effective interest rate (âEIRâ). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset. When calculating the EIR, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument but does not consider the expected credit losses.
e) Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value.
Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:
- Raw materials, work-in-process, finished goods, trading stock, packing material and stores and spares parts are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value except scrap which is valued at net realizable value.
- Cost of inventories of items that are not ordinarily interchangeable or are meant for specific projects is assigned by specific identification of their individual cost.
- Cost of other inventories is ascertained on the Weighted average basis. In determining the cost of work-in-process and finished goods, fixed production overheads are allocated on the basis of normal capacity of production facilities.
- The comparison of cost and realizable value is made on an item-by-item basis.
- Net realizable value of work-in- process is determined on the basis of selling prices of related finished products.
- Raw Material and other supplies held for use in production of inventories are not written down below cost unless their prices have declined and it is estimated that the cost of related finished goods will exceed their net realizable value.
f) Borrowing cost
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.
g) Income taxes Current income tax
Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Current income tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss [either in other comprehensive income (OCI) or in equity]. Current tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates that have been enacted by the end of reporting period. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences and unused tax losses, only if, it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences & losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised
Deferred tax assets & liability are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets & liabilities & when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority.
Minimum Alternate Tax credit is recognised as assets only when & to the extent there is convincing evidence that the will pay normal tax during the specified period. Such assets is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date & the carrying amount of the MAT assets is written down to the extent there is no longer a convincing evidence to the effect that the Company will pay normal tax during the specified period.
Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss i.e., either in other comprehensive income or in equity. Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.
h) Property, Plant and Equipment
On transition to Ind AS, the Company has adopted optional exception under Ind AS 101 to measure property, plant and equipment at fair value. Consequently, the fair value has been assumed to be deemed cost of Property, Plant and Equipment on the date of transition. Subsequently Property, Plant and Equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any.
Items of Property, Plant and Equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.
Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset.
An item of Property, Plant and Equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss within other income or other expense.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of Property, Plant and Equipment are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate. Residual value is considered as per the schedule II, where is different than those specified by schedule II, considered on technical evaluation made by management expertâs.
The cost of replacing a part of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment is recognised in the carrying amount of the item of Property, Plant and Equipment, if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within the part will flow to the Company and its cost can be measured reliably with the carrying amount of the replaced part gettng derecognised. The cost for day-to-day servicing of Property, Plant and Equipment are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.
Depreciation is provided on a pro-rata basis on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, based on technical evaluation made by management expertâs which is different than those specified by Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, in order to reflect the actual usage of the assets. Useful lives is as follows:
Leasehold land is amortized over the duration of the lease.
The gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on the date of disposal or retirement.
I) Intangible assets
On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of its intangible asset recognised as at 1 April, 2016 measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of the intangible asset.
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Intangible assets are amortised over the useful life on a straight line basis and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each financial year.
Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful life on straight line method
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.
j) Lease
The determination of whether an arrangement is a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.
Company as a lessee
A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases are charged to statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessorâs expected inflationary cost increases.
k) Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain.
The expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss, net of any reimbursement. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of discount is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as a finance cost.
Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources would be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed.
l ) Employee benefits Short term employee benefits
All employee benefits expected to be settled wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short-term employee benefits. When an employee has rendered service to the Company during an accounting period, the Company recognises the undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service as an expense unless another Ind AS requires or permits the inclusion of the benefits in the cost of an asset. Benefits such as salaries, wages and short-term compensated absences and bonus etc. are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the employee renders the related service.
Defined contribution plan
A defined contribution such as Provident Fund etc, are charged to statement of profit & loss as incurred. Further for employees, the monthly contribution for Provident Fund is made to a trust administrated by the Company.
Defined benefit plan
A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. Companyâs gratuity plan is a defined benefit obligation and the Companyâs liability is determined based on actuarial valuation (using the Projected Unit Credit method) at the end of each year. The Company funds the benefit through contributions to Insurance Companies.
Remeasurements gains and losses arising from experience adjustment & change in actuarial assumption are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive Income. They are included in retained earnings in the statement of change in equity & balance sheet.
Other long term benefits: Compensated Absences
Compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed within 12 months from the end of the year end are treated as short term employee benefits. The obligation towards the same is measured at the expected cost of accumulating compensated absences as the additional amount expected to be paid as a result of the unused entitlement as at the year end.
Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encashed beyond 12 months from the end of the year end are treated as other long term employee benefits. The Companyâs liability is determined based on actuarial valuation (using the Projected Unit Credit method) at the end of each year. Actuarial losses/ gains are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.
m) Financial instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial assets Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
Subsequent measurement
For the purpose of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified into four categories:
- Debt instruments at amortised cost
- Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
- Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through Profit and Loss (FVTPL)
- Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
Debt instruments at amortised cost
A âdebt instrumentâ is measured at the amortised cost, if both the following conditions are met:
- The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows; and
- Contractual terms of the asset that give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are Solely Payments of Principal and Interest (âSPPIâ) on the principal amount outstanding
This category is most relevant to the Company.
After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The accretion of EIR is recorded as an income/expense in Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Debt instruments and derivatives measured at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)
FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.
Debt instruments and derivatives included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Profit and loss.
De-recognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Companyâs Balance Sheet) when:
- The contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset has expired, or
- The Company has transferred its contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a âpass-throughâ arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset but has transferred control of the asset.
Financial guarantee contracts
Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognised initially as a liability at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative amortisation.
Financial liabilities Initial recognition and measurement
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Companyâs financial liabilities include trade and other payables and borrowings, etc.
Subsequent measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Loans and borrowings
This is the category most relevant to the Company. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and loss.
Financial liabilities at FVTPL
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through statement of profit or loss.
De-recognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.
OffseWng of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
n ) Impairment
(I) Financial assets
In accordance with Ind-AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial assets that are debt instruments and are initially measured at fair value with subsequent measurement at amortised cost e.g., trade and other receivables, unbilled revenue, security deposits, etc.
The Company follows âsimplified approachâ for recognition of impairment loss allowance for trade receivables. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, twelve month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in the subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on a twelve month ECL.
(ii) Non- financial assets
The carrying amounts of the Companyâs non-financial assets, other than deferred tax assets, are reviewed at the end of each reporting period to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the assetâs recoverable amount is estimated.
The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit (âCGUâ) is the greater of its value in use or its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets that cannot be tested individually are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (âCGUâ).
The Companyâs corporate assets do not generate separate cash inflows. If there is an indication that a corporate asset may be impaired, then the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the corporate asset belongs.
An impairment loss is recognized, if the carrying amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit exceeds its estimated recoverable amount and are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss. Impairment losses recognised in respect of cash-generating units are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill, if any, allocated to the units and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the unit (group of units) on a pro rata basis.
Impairment losses recognised in prior periods are assessed at end of each reporting period for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the assetâs carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.
o) Derivative financial instrument
The Company uses derivative financial instruments i.e., forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to statement of profit and loss. The Company has not applied hedge accounting.
p) Share capital
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs, if any, directly attributable to the issue of ordinary shares, if any, are recognised as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.
q) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and short-term deposits in the Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement comprise cash in hand, cash at banks and short-term deposits with a maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
r) Equity investment (in subsidiaries)
Investments in subsidiaries are carried at cost. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable amount. On disposal of investments in subsidiaries the difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amounts are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
s) Earnings per share (EPS)
Basic EPS amounts are calculated by dividing the profit for the year/ period attributable to the shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding as at the end of reporting period.
Diluted EPS amounts are calculated by dividing the profit attributable to the shareholders of the Company (after adjusting the corresponding income/ charge for dilutive potential equity shares, if any) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year plus the weighted average number of equity shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential equity shares into equity shares.
t ) Segment reporting Identification of segments
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM). Only those business activities are identified as operating segment for which the operating results are regularly reviewed by the CODM to make decisions about resource allocation and performance measurement.
The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.
u ) Contingencies
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.
v ) Dividends
Dividends on equity shares are recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the shareholders.
w ) Export incentive
Export Incentive / credit earned under duty entitlement pass book scheme are treated as income in the year of export at the estimated realizable value / actual credit earned on exports made during the year.
x) Recent accounting pronouncements
Appendix B to Ind AS 21, Foreign currency transactions and advance consideration: On March 28, 2018, Ministry of Corporate Affairs (ââMCAââ) has notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2018 containing Appendix B to Ind AS 21, Foreign currency transactions and advance consideration which clarifies the date of the transaction for the purpose of determining the exchange rate to use on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income, when an entity has received or paid advance consideration in a foreign currency.
The amendment will come into force from 1 April 2018. The Company is evaluating the requirement of the amendment and the impact on the financial statements. The effect on adoption of Ind AS 21 is expected to be insignificant.â
Ind AS 115
In March 2018 the Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amended Rules, 2018 (âamended rulesâ). As per the amended rules, Ind AS 115 âRevenue from contracts with customersâ supersedes Ind AS 11, âConstruction contractsâ and Ind AS 18, âRevenueâand is applicable for all accounting periods commencing on or after 1 April 2018.
Ind AS 115 introduces a new framework of five step model for the analysis of revenue transactions. The model specifies that revenue should be recognized when (or as) an entity transfer control of goods or services to a customer at the amount to which the entity expects to be entitled. Further the new standard requires enhanced disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entityâs contracts with customers. The new revenue standard is applicable to the Company from 1 April 2018.
The standard permits two possible methods of transition:
- Retrospective approach - Under this approach the standard will be applied retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented in accordance with Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors.
- Retrospectively with cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial application (Cumulative catch - up approach).
The Company is evaluating the requirement of the amendment and the impact on the financial statements. The effect on adoption of Ind AS 115 is expected to be insignificantâ.
Mar 31, 2014
A) Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements is in conformity with the
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses
during the reporting year. Difference between the actual result and
estimates are recognized in the year in which the results are known /
materialized.
b) Fixed Assets
i) Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated
depreciation and impairment. Cost includes any borrowing cost directly
attributable to the acquisition / construction of fixed assets and
bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use.
ii) Exchange difference arising on account of liabilities incurred for
acquisition or construction of Fixed Assets is adjusted in the carrying
amount of related Fixed Assets.
c) Capital Work-in-Progress
Cost of assets not ready for use before the year-end and expenditure
during construction period that is directly or indirectly related to
construction, including borrowing cost are included under Capital
Work-in-Progress.
d) Depreciation
i) Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on straight-line method at
the rates specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 and
based on the estimated useful life of assets. Depreciation is charged
on pro-rata basis for assets purchased / sold during the year.
Individual assets costing up to Rs. 5,000/- are depreciated in full in
the year of purchase.
Depreciation on equipments installed at customer premises is being
provided at 20% on useful life estimated by the management.
License fee is amortized over the licensed period.
ii) Cost of leasehold land is amortized over lease period on a
straight-line basis.
iii) Cost of software is amortized over its useful life on a
straight-line basis.
iv) Extra shift depreciation is charged on the basis of actual extra
shifts worked as required by Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.
e) Impairment of Assets
i) The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet
date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal /
external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the
carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The
recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and
value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash
flows are discounted at their present value at the weighted average
cost of capital.
ii) After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
iii) A previously recognized impairment loss is increased or reversed
depending on changes in circumstances.
However, the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the
carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation
if there was no impairment.
f) Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Long Term
investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value
of long- term investments is made only if such diminution is other than
temporary. Current Investments are carried at the lower of cost and
fair value and provisions are made to recognize the decline in the
carrying value.
g) Inventories
i) Raw materials, work-in-process, finished goods, trading stock,
packing material and stores and spares parts are valued at the lower of
cost and net realizable value except scrap which is valued at net
realizable value.
ii) Cost of inventories of items that are not ordinarily
interchangeable or are meant for specific projects is assigned by
specific identification of their individual cost. Cost of other
inventories is ascertained on the FIFO basis. In determining the cost
of work-in-process and finished goods, fixed production overheads are
allocated on the basis of normal capacity of production facilities.
iii) The comparison of cost and realizable value is made on an
item-by-item basis.
iv) Net realizable value of work-in- process is determined on the basis
of selling prices of related finished products.
v) Raw Material and other supplies held for use in production of
inventories are not written down below cost unless their prices have
declined and it is estimated that the cost of related finished goods
will exceed their net realizable value.
h) Foreign Currency Transactions
i) Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting
currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate
between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of
transaction.
ii) Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing
rate. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
iii) Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items
or on reporting Company''s monetary items at rates different from those
at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in
previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expense
in the year in which they arise.
iv) The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward
exchange contracts is amortized as expense or income over the life of
the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized in
the statement of profit and loss in the year in which exchange rate
changes. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of
forward exchange contracts is recognized as income or expense for the
year. None of the forward exchange contracts are taken for trading or
speculation purpose.
i) Borrowing Cost
Borrowing cost directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as
part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing cost are
expensed in the period they occur. Borrowing cost consist of interest
and other cost that Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of
funds.
j) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
readily measured.
Sales of Goods and Services
Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of
ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer (usually at the
point of dispatch to customers). Sales include excise duty, sale of
scrap and net of sale tax and quantity discount.
Income from services is recognized on the completion of services.
Period based services are accounted for proportionately over the period
of service.
Income from Interest
Revenue is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account
the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Other Incomes
Other Incomes are accrued as earned except where the receipt of income
is uncertain.
k) Retirement and other Employee Benefits
i) Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund are a defined
contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Statement
of Profit and Loss for the year when the contributions to the
respective funds are due. The Company has no other obligation other
than the contribution payable.
ii) Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided
for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on Projected Unit Credit
Method calculated at the end of each financial year. The liability with
regard to gratuity in respect of any employee not covered under group
gratuity scheme is provided on the basis of amount payable to such
employees as if they were to retire on the last day of financial year.
iii) Compensated Absences liability is provided for based on actuarial
valuation done as per Projected Unit Credit
Method calculated at the end of each financial year.
iv) Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to Statement of
Profit and Loss and are not deferred.
l) Export Incentives
Export Incentive in the form of advance licenses / credit earned under
duty entitlement pass book scheme are treated as income in the year of
export at the estimated realizable value / actual credit earned on
exports made during the year.
m) Taxes on Income
Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax
is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income
for the year based on provisions of Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred
income tax reflects the impact of current year timing differences
between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal
of timing differences of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if legally and
enforceable right exist to set off current tax asset against current
tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax
liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing
taxation laws. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent
that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realized. In case of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward tax
losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realized
against future taxable profits.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognized
deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it
becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be,
that sufficient future taxable income will be available.
Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) credit is recognized as an asset only
when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company
will pay normal income tax during the specified period. In the year in
which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an asset in
accordance with the recommendations contained in Guidance Note issued
by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the said asset is
created by way of a credit to the Statement of Profit and Loss and
shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each
balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit
Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the
effect that Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified
period.
n) Operating Leases
Assets given on operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease
income is recognized in the Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis
over the lease term. Cost, including depreciation are recognized as an
expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Initial direct costs such
as legal cost, brokerage costs, etc. are recognized immediately in the
Statement of Profit and Loss.
o) Earnings Per Share
The Company reports basic and diluted earnings per share in accordance
with Notified AS 20 under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules,
2006 issued by The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India on
''Earnings Per Share''. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing
the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity
shareholders after deducting attributable taxes by the weighted average
number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted
earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit or loss for
the period by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding
during the period. Both profit for the year and weighted average
numbers of shares are adjusted for the effects of all diluted potential
equity shares except where the results are anti-dilutive.
p) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
As per Notified AS 29 under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules,
2006, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, issued
by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the Company
recognizes provisions (without discounting to its present value) only
when it has a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is
probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will
be required to settle the obligation as and when a reliable estimate of
the amount of the obligation can be made.
No provision is recognized for Â
Any possible obligation that arises from past events and the existence
of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of
one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of
the Company; or
Any present obligation that arises from past events but is not
recognized because Â
- It is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic
benefits will be required to settle the obligation; or
- A reliable estimate of the amount of obligation cannot be made.
Such obligations are disclosed as Contingent Liabilities. These are
assessed continually and only that part of the obligation for which an
outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is probable, is
provided for, except in the extremely rare circumstances where no
reliable estimate can be made.
q) Miscellaneous Expenditure
Expenditure on issue of shares / foreign currency convertible bonds
(FCCBs) / Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) / shares under Qualified
Institutional Placements (QIP) and premium on redemption of FCCBs are
adjusted against Securities Premium account.
r) Measurement of EBITDA
As permitted by the Guidance Note on the Revised Schedule VI to the
Companies Act, 1956, the Company has elected to present earnings before
interest, tax, depreciation, exceptional items and amortization
(EBITDA) as a separate line item on the face of the statement of profit
and loss. The Company measures EBITDA on the basis of profit / (loss)
from continuing operations. In its measurement, the Company does not
include depreciation and amortization expense, finance cost and tax
expense.
1. External Commercial Borrowings are secured by way of first pari-
passu charge on the fixed assets of the Company and personal guarantee
of Dr. Kailash S. Choudhari.
2 Term Loan from Bank are secured by way of exclusive charge on Plant
and Machinery installed under the project and further secured by
personal guarantee of Dr. Kailash S. Choudhari.
3. Term Loan from others are secured by way of exclusive charge on
Fixed assets installed under the subject project.
Mar 31, 2013
A) Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements is in conformity with the
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses
during the reporting year. Difference between the actual result and
estimates are recognized in the year in which the results are known/
materialized.
b) Fixed Assets
i) Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated
depreciation and impairment. Cost includes any borrowing costs directly
attributable to the acquisition/ construction of fixed assets and
bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use.
ii) Exchange difference arising on account of liabilities incurred for
acquisition or construction of Fixed Assets is adjusted in the carrying
amount of related Fixed Assets.
c) Capital Work-in-Progress
Costs of assets not ready for use before the year-end and expenditure
during construction period that is directly or indirectly related to
construction, including borrowing costs are included under Capital
Work-in-Progress.
d) Depreciation
i) Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on straight-line method at
the rates specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 and
based on the estimated useful life of assets. Depreciation is charged
on pro-rata basis for assets purchased/ sold during the year.
Individual assets costing up to Rs. 5,000/- are depreciated in full in
the year of purchase.
Depreciation on equipments installed at customer premises is being
provided at 20% on useful life estimated by the management.
License fee is amortised over the licensed period.
ii) Cost of leasehold land is amortized over lease period on a
straight-line basis.
iii) Cost of software is amortised over its useful life on a
straight-line basis.
iv) Extra shift depreciation is charged on the basis of actual extra
shifts worked as required by Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.
e) Impairment of Assets
i) The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet
date if there is any indication of impairment based on
internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever
the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The
recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price
and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash
flows are discounted at their present value at the weighted average
cost of capital.
ii) After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
iii) A previously recognized impairment loss is increased or reversed
depending on changes in circumstances. However, the carrying value
after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would
have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no
impairment.
f) Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Long Term
investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value
of long- term investments is made only if such diminution is other than
temporary. Current Investments are carried at the lower of cost and
fair value and provisions are made to recognize the decline in the
carrying value.
g) Inventories
i) Raw materials, work-in-process, finished goods, trading stock,
packing material and stores and spares parts are valued at the lower of
cost and net realizable value except scrap which is valued at net
realizable value.
ii) Cost of inventories of items that are not ordinarily
interchangeable or are meant for specific projects is assigned by
specific identification of their individual cost. Cost of other
inventories is ascertained on the FIFO basis. In determining the cost
of work-in-process and finished goods, fixed production overheads are
allocated on the basis of normal capacity of production facilities.
iii) The comparison of cost and realizable value is made on an
item-by-item basis.
iv) Net realizable value of work-in- process is determined on the basis
of selling prices of related finished products.
v) Raw Material and other supplies held for use in production of
inventories are not written down below cost unless their prices have
declined and it is estimated that the cost of related finished goods
will exceed their net realizable value.
h) Foreign Currency Transactions
i) Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting
currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate
between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of
transaction.
ii) Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing
rate. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
iii) Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items
or on reporting company''s monetary items at rates different from
those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or
reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or
as expense in the year in which they arise.
iv) The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward
exchange contracts is amortized as expense or income over the life of
the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized in
the statement of profit and loss in the year in which exchange rate
changes. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of
forward exchange contracts is recognized as income or expense for the
year. None of the forward exchange contracts are taken for trading or
speculation purpose.
i) Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as
part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are
expensed in the period they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest
and other costs that Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of
funds.
j) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
readily measured.
Sales of Goods & Services
Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of
ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer (usually at the
point of dispatch to customers). Sales include excise duty, sale of
scrap and net of sale tax and quantity discount.
Income from services is recognized on the completion of services.
Period based services are accounted for proportionately over the period
of service.
Income from Interest
Revenue is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account
the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Other Incomes
Other Incomes are accrued as earned except where the receipt of income
is uncertain.
k) Retirement and other Employee Benefits
i) Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund are a defined
contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Statement
of Profit and Loss for the year when the contributions to the
respective funds are due. The Company has no other obligation other
than the contribution payable.
ii) Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided
for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on Projected Unit Credit
Method calculated at the end of each financial year. The liability with
regard to gratuity in respect of any employee not covered under group
gratuity scheme is provided on the basis of amount payable to such
employees as if they were to retire on the last day of financial year.
iii) Leave Encashment liability is provided for based on actuarial
valuation done as per Projected Unit Credit Method calculated at the
end of each financial year.
iv) Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of
profit and loss and are not deferred.
l) Export Incentives
Export Incentive in the form of advance licenses / credit earned under
duty entitlement pass book scheme are treated as income in the year of
export at the estimated realisable value / actual credit earned on
exports made during the year.
m) Taxes on Income
Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax
is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income
for the year based on provisions of Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred
income tax reflects the impact of current year timing differences
between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal
of timing differences of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if legally and
enforceable right exist to set off current tax asset against current
tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax
liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing
taxation laws. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent
that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realized. In case of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward tax
losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realized
against future taxable profits.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognized
deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it
becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be,
that sufficient future taxable income will be available.
MAT credit is recognized as an asset only when and to the extent there
is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax
during the specified period. In the year in which the Minimum
Alternative Tax (MAT) credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an
asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in Guidance Note
issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the said
asset is created by way of a credit to the statement of profit and loss
and shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at
each balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT
Credit Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence
to the effect that Company will pay normal Income Tax during the
specified period.
n) Operating Leases
Assets given on operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease
income is recognised in the statement of Profit and Loss on a
straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation
are recognised as an expense in the statement of Profit and Loss.
Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are
recognised immediately in the statement of Profit and Loss.
o) Earnings Per Share
The Company reports basic and diluted earnings per share in accordance
with Notified AS 20 under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules,
2006 issued by The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India on
''Earnings Per Share''. Basic earnings per share is computed by
dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity
shareholders after deducting attributable taxes by the weighted average
number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted
earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit or loss for
the period by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding
during the period. Both profit for the year and weighted average
numbers of shares are adjusted for the effects of all diluted potential
equity shares except where the results are anti-dilutive.
p) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
As per Notified AS 29 under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules,
2006, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, issued
by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the Company
recognizes provisions (without discounting to its present value) only
when it has a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is
probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will
be required to settle the obligation as and when a reliable estimate of
the amount of the obligation can be made.
No provision is recognized for -
Any possible obligation that arises from past events and the existence
of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of
one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of
the Company; or
Any present obligation that arises from past events but is not
recognized because -
- It is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic
benefits will be required to settle the obligation; or
- A reliable estimate of the amount of obligation cannot be made.
Such obligations are disclosed as Contingent Liabilities. These are
assessed continually and only that part of the obligation for which an
outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is probable, is
provided for, except in the extremely rare circumstances where no
reliable estimate can be made.
q) Miscellaneous Expenditure
Expenditure on issue of shares / foreign currency convertible bonds
(FCCBs) / Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) / shares under Qualified
Institutional Placements (QIP) and premium on redemption of FCCBs are
adjusted against Securities Premium account.
r) Measurement of EBITDA
As permitted by the Guidance Note on the Revised Schedule VI to the
Companies Act, 1956, the Company has elected to present earnings before
interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) as a separate
line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. The Company
measures EBITDA on the basis of profit/ (loss) from continuing
operations. In its measurement, the Company does not include
depreciation and amortization expense, finance costs and tax expense.
Mar 31, 2011
A) Basis of preparation of Financial Statements
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the notified Accounting Standards by Companies Accounting
Standard Rules 2006 (as amended) and the relevant requirements of the
Companies Act, 1956. The financial statements have been prepared under
historical cost convention on an accrual basis of accounting except in
case of assets for which impairment is carried out. The accounting
policies have been consistently applied by the company.
b) Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with the
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses
during the reporting year. Difference between the actual result and
estimates are recognized in the year in which the results are
known/materialized.
c) Fixed Assets
i) Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated
depreciation and impairment. Cost includes any borrowing costs directly
attributable to the acquisition/ construction of fixed assets and
bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use.
ii) Exchange difference arising on account of liabilities incurred for
acquisition or construction of Fixed Assets is adjusted in the carrying
amount of related Fixed Assets.
d) Capital Work-in-Progress
Advances paid towards the acquisition of fixed assets, costs of assets
not ready for use before the year-end and expenditure during
construction period that is directly or indirectly related to
construction, including borrowing costs are included under Capital
Work-in-Progress.
e) Depreciation
i) Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on straight-line method at
the rates specified in schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.
Depreciation is charged on pro-rata basis for assets purchased/ sold
during the year. Individual assets costing up to Rs. 5,000/- are
depreciated in full in the year of purchase.
Depreciation on equipments installed at customer premises is being
provided at 20% on useful life estimated by the management.
Licence fee is amortised over the licenced period.
ii) Cost of leasehold land is amortized over lease period on a
straight-line basis.
iii) Cost of software is amortised over its useful life on a
straight-line basis.
f) Impairment of Assets
i) The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet
date if there is any indication of impairment based on
internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever
the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The
recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and
value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash
flows are discounted at their present value at the weighted average
cost of capital.
ii) After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
iii) A previously recognized impairment loss is increased or reversed
depending on changes in circumstances. However, the carrying value
after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would
have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no
impairment.
g) Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Long Term
investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value
of long- term investments is made only if such diminution is other than
temporary. Current Investments are carried at the lower of cost and
fair value and provisions are made to recognize the decline in the
carrying value.
m) Taxes on Income
Income taxes are computed using the tax effect accounting method where
taxes are accrued in the same period, as the related revenue and
expenses to which they relate. The differences that result between
profit offered for income tax and the profit before tax as per
financial statements are identified and deferred tax assets or deferred
tax liabilities are recorded for timing differences, namely differences
that originate in one accounting period and are capable of reversal in
future. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax
rates and tax laws enacted or substantively enacted by the balance
sheet date.
Deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is reasonable
certainty that they will be realized. However, where the Company has
unabsorbed depreciation or carried forward losses under taxation laws,
a much stricter test, viz, virtual certainty of realization, is applied
for recognition of deferred tax assets. Deferred tax-assets are
reviewed for the continuing appropriateness of their respective
carrying values at each balance sheet date and written down or written
up to reflect the amount that is reasonably/ virtually certain (as the
case may be) of realisation.
n) Operating Leases
Assets given on operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease
income is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line
basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation are recognised
as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account. Initial direct costs such
as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately in the
Profit and Loss Account.
o) Earnings Per Share
The Company reports basic and diluted earnings per share in accordance
with Notified AS 20 under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules,
2006 (as amended) issued by The Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India on Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share is computed by
dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity
shareholders after deducting attributable taxes by the. weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted
earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit or loss for
the period by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding
during the period. Both profit for the year and weighted average
numbers of shares are adjusted for the effects of all diluted potential
equity shares except where the results are anti-dilutive.
p) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
As per Notified AS 29 under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules,
2006 (as amended), Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent
Assets, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the
Cornpany recognizes provisions (without discounting to its present
value) only when it has a present obligation as a result of a past
event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic
benefits will be required to settle the obligation as and when a
reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be made.
No provision is recognized for -
Any possible obligation that arises from past events and the existence
of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of
one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of
the Company;
or
Any present obligation that arises from past events but is not
recognized because -
- It is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic
benefits will be required to settle the obligation; or
- A reliable estimate of the amount of obligation cannot be made.
Such obligations are disclosed as Contingent Liabilities. These are
assessed continually and only that part of the obligation for which an
outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is probable, is
provided for, except in the extremely rare circumstances where no
reliable estimate can be made.
q) Miscellaneous Expenditure
Expenditure on issue of shares / foreign currency convertible bonds
(FCCBs) / Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) / shares under Qualified
Institutional Placements (QIP) and premium on redemption of FCCBs are
adjusted against Securities Premium account.
Mar 31, 2010
A) Basis of preparation of Financial Statements
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the notified Accounting Standards by Companies Accounting
Standard Rules 2006 and the relevant requirements of the Companies Act,
1956. The financial statements have been prepared under historical cost
convention on an accrual basis of accounting except in case of assets
for which impairment is carried out. The accounting policies have been
consistently applied by the company.
b) Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with the
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses
during the reporting year. Difference between the actual result and
estimates are recognized in the year in which the results are
known/materialized.
c) Fixed Assets
i) Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated
depreciation and impairment. Cost includes any borrowing costs directly
attributable to the acquisition/ construction of fixed assets and
bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use.
ii) Exchange difference arising on account of liabilities incurred for
acquisition or construction of Fixed Assets is adjusted in the carrying
amount of related Fixed Assets.
d) Capital Work-in-Progress
Advances paid towards the acquisition of fixed assets, costs of assets
not ready for use before the year-end and expenditure during
construction period that is directly or indirectly related to
construction, including borrowing costs are included under Capital
Work-in-Progress.
e) Depreciation
i) Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on straight-line method at
the rates specified in schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.
Depreciation is charged on pro-rata basis for assets purchased/ sold
during the year. Individual assets costing up to Rs.5, 000/- are
depreciated in full in the year of purchase.
Depreciation on equipments installed at customer premises is being
provided at 20% on useful life estimated by the management.
Licence fee is amortised over the licenced period.
ii) Cost of leasehold land is amortized over lease period on a
straight-line basis.
iii) Cost of software is amortised over its useful life on a
straight-line basis.
f) Impairment of Assets
i) The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet
date if there is any indication of impairment based on
internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever
the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The
recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and
value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash
flows are discounted at their present value at the weighted average
cost of capital.
ii) After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
iii) A previously recognized impairment loss is increased or reversed
depending on changes in circumstances. However, the carrying value
after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would
have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no
impairment.
g) Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Long Term
investments are stated at
cost. Provision for diminution in the value of long- term investments
is made only if such diminution is other than temporary. Current
Investments are carried at the lower of cost and fair value and
provisions are made to recognize the decline in the carrying value.
h) Inventories
Raw materials, work-in-process, finished goods, trading stock, packing
material and stores and spares parts are valued at the lower of cost
and net realizable value except scrap which is valued at net realizable
value.
Cost of inventories of items that are not ordinarily interchangeable or
are meant for specific projects is assigned by specific identification
of their individual cost. Cost of other inventories is ascertained on
the FIFO basis. In determining the cost of work-in-process and finished
goods, fixed production overheads are allocated on the basis of normal
capacity of production facilities.
The comparison of cost and realizable value is made on an item-by-item
basis.
Net realizable value of work-in- process is determined on the basis of
selling prices of related finished products.
i) Foreign Currency Transactions
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of
transaction.
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reporting companys monetary items at rates different from those at
which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in
previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expense
in the year in which they arise.
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contracts is amortized as expense or income over the life of the
contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized
in the statement of profit & loss in the year in which exchange
rate changes. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal
of forward exchange contracts is recognized as income or expense
for the year.
None of the forward exchange contracts are taken for trading for
speculation purpose.
j) Borrowing Cost
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized
as part of the cost of the respective asset.
All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur.
Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that company
incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.
k) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the company and the
revenue can be readily measured.
Sales of Goods and Services
Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of
ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer (usually
at the point of dispatch to customers). Sales include
excise duty, sale of scrap and net of sale tax and quantity
discount.
Income from services is recognized on the completion of services.
Period based services are accounted for proportionately over
the period of service.
Income from Interest
Revenue is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account
the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Other Incomes
Other Incomes are accrued as earned except where the receipt of income
is uncertain. I) Retirement and other Employee Benefits
Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for
on the basis of an actuarial valuation on Projected
Unit Credit Method calculated at the end of each financial year. The
liability with regard to gratuity in respect of any employee not
covered under group gratuity scheme is provided on the basis of
amount payable to such employees as if they were to retire on the
last day of financial year.
Compensated absence liability is provided for based on actuarial
valuation done as per Projected Unit Credit Method calculated at
the end of each financial year.
Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to profit and loss account
and are not deferred.
m) Taxes on Income
Income taxes are computed using the tax effect accounting method where
taxes are accrued in the same period, as the related revenue and
expenses to which they relate. The differences that result between
profit offered for income tax and the profit before tax as per
financial statements are identified and deferred tax assets or deferred
tax liabilities are recorded for timing differences, namely differences
that originate in one accounting period and are capable of reversal in
future. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax
rates and tax laws enacted or substantively enacted by the balance
sheet date.
Deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is reasonable
certainty that they will be realized. However, where the Company has
unabsorbed depreciation or carried forward losses under taxation laws,
a much stricter test, viz, virtual certainty of realization, is applied
for recognition of deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets are
reviewed for the continuing appropriateness of their respective
carrying values at each balance sheet date and written down or written
up to reflect the amount that is reasonably/ virtually certain (as the
case may be) of realisation.
n) Operating Leases
Assets given on operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease
income is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line
basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation are recognised
as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account. Initial direct costs such
as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately in the
Profit and Loss Account.
o) Earnings Per Share
The Company reports basic and diluted earnings per share in accordance
with Notified AS 20 under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules,
2006 issued by The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India on
Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing
the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity
shareholders after deducting attributable taxes by the weighted average
number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings
per share are computed by dividing the net profit or loss for the
period by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding
during the period. Both profit for the year and weighted average
numbers of shares are adjusted for the effects of all diluted potential
equity shares except where the results are anti-dilutive.
p) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
As per Notified AS 29 under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules,
2006, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, issued
by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the Company
recognizes provisions (without discounting to its present value) only
when it has a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is
probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic
benefits will be required to settle the obligation as and when a
reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be made.
No provision is recognized for -
Any possible obligation that arises from past events and the existence
of which will be confirmed only by the
occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not
wholly within the control of the Company;
or
Any present obligation that arises from past events but is not
recognized because -
It is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic
benefits will be required to settle the obligation; or
A reliable estimate of the amount of obligation cannot be made. Such
obligations are disclosed as Contingent Liabilities. These are assessed
continually and only that part of the obligation for which an outflow
of resources embodying economic benefits is probable, is provided for,
except in the extremely rare circumstances where no reliable estimate
can be made.
q) Miscellaneous Expenditure
Expenditure on issue of shares / foreign currency convertible bonds
(FCCBs) and premium on redemption of FCCBs are adjusted against
Securities Premium account.
b) Corporate Guarantee given by erstwhile Aksh Broadband Ltd. amounting
to Rs. 582.03 lacs (Previous Period Rs. 582.03 lacs) in favour of M/s
Cisco Systems Capital India Private Limited for loan taken by APAKSH
Broadband Ltd., subsidiary of erstwhile Aksh Broadband Ltd.
c) Corporate Guarantee given by the Company amounting to Rs. 6,055.00
lacs (Previous Period Rs.Nil) in favour of Union Bank of India, Punjab
National Bank and ICICI Bank (Consortium Banks) for working capital
facilities sanctioned to Aksh Technologies Ltd. Further the Immovable
properties of the company are also charged for working capital
facilities sanctioned to Aksh technologies Limited.
d) Estimated amounts of contracts remaining to be executed on Capital
Account (net of advances) is Rs 1,510.03 lacs (Previous Period Rs.
2,635.57 lacs).