Mar 31, 2023
1 Company Information / Overview
Delton Cables Limited is a Public Limited Company domiciled in India and incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act,1956 with CIN: L31300DL1964PLC004255. In India its shares are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange The Company has its manufacturing unit at Faridabad. The company is engaged in manufacturing and supplying of wires, cables and switchgears and ancillary activities including trading. Delton is a prime supplier to the Power, Telecommunication, Railways, Steel and Mining sectors in India and in the International market also.
(i) Statement of compliance
These Standalone financial statements (âfinancial statementsâ) have been prepared to comply in all material aspects with the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read together with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended from time to time.
The financial statements were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors of the Company on 30th May 2023.
(ii) Basis of measurement
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (IndAS) on accrual and going concern basis and the historical cost convention except for certain financial assets, financial liabilities and certain other items which have been measured at fair value as required under the relevant IndAS, the provisions of the Companies Act ,2013(Act) (to the extent notified) and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), IndAs as prescribed under Section 133 of the Act read with Rule 3 of the Companies(Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued thereafter.
Accounting Policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.
(iii) Critical accounting estimates and judgements
In preparing these financial statements, management has made judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively.
Information about significant areas of estimation/uncertainty and judgements in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the financial statements are as follows:
- measurement of defined benefit obligations: key actuarial assumptions.
- judgement required to ascertain lease classification.
- measurement of useful life and residual values of property, plant and equipment.
- fair value measurement of financial instruments.
- judgement required to determine probability of recognition of deferred tax assets.
- impairment of trade receivables
- other estimate items determined
There are no assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment within the next financial year.
2.b Significant accounting policies
The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these financial statements.
(i) Current - non-current classification
All assets and liabilities are classified into current and non-current.
An asset is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:
⢠it is expected to be realised in, or is intended for sale or consumption in, the Companyâs normal operating cycle;
⢠it is held primarily for the purpose of being traded;
⢠it is expected to be realised within 12 months after the reporting period; or
⢠it is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least 12
months after the reporting period.
Current assets include the current portion of non-current financial assets. All other assets are classified as noncurrent.
A liability is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:
⢠it is expected to be settled in the Companyâs normal operating cycle;
⢠it is held primarily for the purpose of being traded;
⢠it is due to be settled within 12 months after the reporting period; or
⢠the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period. Terms of a liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification.
Current liabilities include the current portion of non-current financial liabilities. All other liabilities are classified as noncurrent.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
Operating cycle
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents. Based on the nature of operations and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle being a period of 12 months for the purpose of classification of assets and liabilities as current and non- current.
(ii) Foreign currency transactions and translations
Functional and presentation currency
The management has determined the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates i.e., functional currency, to be Indian Rupees (Rs.). The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is the Companyâs functional and presentation currency. All amounts have been rounded to the nearest lakhs upto two decimal places, unless otherwise stated.
Monetary and non-monetary transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded in the functional currency of the Company at the exchange rates at the date of the transactions or at an average rate if the average rate approximates the actual rate at the date of the transaction.
Monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities remaining unsettled on reporting date are translated at the rates of exchange prevailing on reporting date. Gains/(losses) arising on account of realisation/settlement of foreign exchange transactions and on translation of monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Foreign exchange gains / (losses) arising on translation of foreign currency monetary loans are presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss on net basis. However, foreign exchange differences arising from foreign currency monetary loans to the extent regarded as an adjustment to borrowing costs are presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss, within finance costs.
(iii) Fair value measurement
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place:
- In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible to/ by the Company.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
⢠Level 1 â Quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
⢠Level 2 â Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly
or indirectly observable
⢠Level 3 â Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
The Company measures financial instruments, such as, investments , at fair value at each reporting date. Also, fair value of financial instruments measured at amortised cost is disclosed in Notes.
(iv) Financial instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
Financial assetsRecognition and initial measurement
All financial assets are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets are initially measured at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.
Classification and subsequent measurementClassification
For the purpose of subsequent measurement, the Company classifies financial assets in following categories:
⢠Financial assets at amortised cost
⢠Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
⢠Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
A financial asset being âdebt instrumentâ is measured at the amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:
⢠The financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and
⢠The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are Solely Payments of Principal and Interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.
A financial asset being âdebt instrumentâ is measured at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:
⢠The asset is held within the business model, whose objective is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets.
A financial asset being equity instrument is measured at FVTPL.
All financial assets not classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTOCI as described above are measured at FVTPL. Subsequent measurement Financial assets at amortised cost
These assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The amortised cost is reduced by impairment losses, if any. Interest income and impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest income, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and it does not retain control of the financial asset. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Impairment of financial assets (other than at fair value)
The Company makes allowance for doubtful trade receivable and contract assets using simplified approach , significant judgement is used to estimate doubtful accounts as prescribed in IND AS 109 . In estimating doubtful accounts historical and anticipated customer performance are considered. Changes in the economy, industry, or specific customer conditions may require adjustments to the allowance for doubtful accounts recorded in financial statements. This is done on the basis of companyâs past history, existing market conditions as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting period.
The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is written off (either partially or in full) to the extent that there is no realistic prospect of recovery. This is generally the case when the Company determines that the counterparty does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subject to the write-off. However, financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities in order to comply with the Companyâs procedures for recovery of amounts due.
Financial liabilitiesRecognition and initial measurement
All financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value minus, in the case of financial liabilities not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the liability.
Classification and subsequent measurement
Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL.
A financial liability is classified as FVTPL if it is classified as held-for-trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Financial liabilities other than classified as FVTPL, are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.
The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
(vi) Share capital Equity share capital
Issuance of ordinary shares are recognised as equity share capital in equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of new equity shares are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.
(vii) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprises of cash at banks and on hand, cheques on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
(viii) Properly, plant and equipment Recognition and measurement
Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises: (a) its purchase price, including import duties and nonrefundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates; (b) any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.
If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate component of property, plant and equipment.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of property, plant and equipment (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when property, plant and equipment is derecognised. The carrying amount of any component accounted as a separate component is derecognised, when replaced or when the property, plant and equipment to which the component relates gets derecognised.
Subsequent costs are included in the assetâs carrying amount or recognised as separate assets, as appropriate, only when it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with expenditure will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss at the time of incurrence.
Depreciation is calculated on cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual values and is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss. Depreciation on property, plant and equipment, is provided on straight-line method at the rates and in the manner provided in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.
Depreciation has been charged based on the following useful lives:
Asset Head |
Useful life in years |
Factory Buildings |
10-30 |
Plant and Machinery |
15 |
Furniture & fixtures |
10 |
Office Equipment |
5-6 |
Vehicles |
8-10 |
Computer & other IT Assets |
3 |
The useful lives have been determined based on internal evaluation done by management and are in line with the estimated useful lives, to the extent prescribed by the Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, in order to reflect the technological obsolescence and actual usage of the asset. The residual values are not more than 5% of the original cost of the asset.
Depreciation is calculated on a pro-rata basis for assets purchased/sold during the year.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed by management at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, as appropriate.
Cost of property, plant and equipment not ready for use as at the reporting date are disclosed as capital work-in-progress.
(ix) Investment Property
Property that is held for Long-term rental yields or for capital appreciation or both, and that is not occupied by the Group, is classified as Investment Property. Investment Property is measured initially at its cost, including related transaction costs and where applicable borrowing costs. Subsequent expenditure is capitalised to the assetâs carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repair and maintenance costs are expensed when incurred. When part of an investment property is replaced, the carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised.
Investment Properties are depreciated using the straight line method over their estimated useful lives. The useful life has been determined based on technical evaluation performed by the managementâs expert.
(x) Intangible Assets Recognition and measurement
Other intangible assets that are acquired are recognised only if it is probable that the expected future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the Company and the cost of assets can be measured reliably. The other intangible assets are recorded at cost of acquisition including incidental costs related to acquisition and installation and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, if any.
Gain or losses arising from derecognition of an other intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the other intangible asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.
Particulars |
Useful life in years |
Goodwill |
10 |
Computer Software |
4 |
Subsequent costs is capitalised only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which
it relates. All other expenditure on other intangible assets is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, as incurred.
Amortisation is calculated to write off the cost of other intangible assets over their estimated useful lives of 3 years using
the straight-line method. Amortisation is calculated on a pro-rata basis for assets purchased/ disposed during the year.
Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if
appropriate.
Intangible assets under development
Cost of intangible assets under development as at the reporting date are disclosed as intangible assets under development.
(xi) Leases
i. As a lessee
The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct cost incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received. The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-to-use asset or the end of the lease term. The estimated useful life of right-of-use asset is determined on the same basis as those of property, plant and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.
The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Companyâs incremental borrowing rate. The lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments from a change in an index or rate. When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in the profit and loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero. The Company presents right-of-use asset that do not meet the definition of investment property as a separate line item and lease liabilities in âother financial liabilitiesâ in the Balance Sheet. The Company has elected not to recognize right-of-use asset and lease liabilities for short term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less, leases of low value assets and leases with no written agreement. The Company recognizes the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
ii. As a lessor
When the Company acts as a lessor, it determines at lease inception whether each lease is a finance lease or an operating lease. To classify each lease, the Company makes an overall assessment of whether the lease transfers substantially all the risk and rewards incidental to the ownership of the underlying asset. If this is the case, then the lease is a finance lease, if not, then it is an operating lease. As part of the assessment, the Company considers certain indicators such as whether the lease is for the major part of the economic life of the asset. If an arrangement contains lease and non-lease components, the Company applies Ind AS 115 âRevenue from contract with customersâ to allocate the consideration in the contract. The Company recognizes lease payments received under operating lease as income on a straight line basis over the lease term as part of âOther Incomeâ.
(xii) Inventories
Raw Materials, Components, Loose Tools, Stores and Spares are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.
Work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.
Stock-in-trade are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis. Stock of scrap material has been valued at net realisable value.
(xiii) Impairment - non-financial assets
At each reporting date, the company reviews the carrying amounts of its non-financial assets to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication of impairment exists, then the assetâs recoverable amount is estimated. For impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or cash generating units (CGUs).
The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU. An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the assetâs carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.
Employee benefit liabilities such as salaries, wages and bonus, etc. that are expected to be settled wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employeesâ services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at an undiscounted amount expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled.
Post-employment benefit plansDefined contribution plans
The Company pays provident fund contributions to the appropriate government authorities. The Company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are accounted for as defined contribution plans and the contributions are recognised as employee benefits expense when they are due.
Defined benefit plans of the Company comprise gratuity.
The Company has an obligation towards gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan covering eligible employees. The plan provides for a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employeeâs salary and the tenure of employment. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of service. The gratuity plan of the Company is unfunded.
The liability recognised in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit gratuity plan is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period. The defined benefit obligation is calculated by actuary using the projected unit credit method.
The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.
The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation. This cost and other costs are included in employee benefit expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in âother equityâ in the Statement of Changes in Equity and in the Balance Sheet.
Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from settlement or curtailments are recognised immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss as past service cost.
Other long-term employee benefitsi. Compensated absences
Accumulated leave which is expected to be utilised within the next 12 months is treated as a short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.
Accordingly, benefits under compensated expenses are accounted as other long-term employee benefits. The Companyâs net obligation in respect of compensated absences is the amount of benefit to be settled in future, that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and previous years. The benefit is discounted to determine its present value. The obligation is measured on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. Remeasurements are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.
The Companyâs net obligation in respect of long-term employee benefits other than post-employment benefits is the amount of benefit to be settled in future, that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and previous years. The benefit is discounted to determine its present value. The obligation is measured on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. Remeasurements are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.
(xv) Provisions and contingent liabilities and assets Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
Contingent liabilities and assets
Contingent liabilities are possible obligations that arise from past events and whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company. Where it is not probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required, or the amount cannot be estimated reliably, the obligation is disclosed as a contingent liability, unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote.
Contingent assets are possible assets that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company.
The Company earns revenue primarily from selling of Cables and switchgear items
Revenue is recognised upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. The Company recognizes revenue on satisfaction of the performance obligation by transferring the promised goods and services mentioned in the contracts with the customers.
Revenue is measured based on the transaction price, which is the consideration, adjusted for volume discounts, performance bonuses, price concessions and incentives, if any, as specified in the contract with the customer. Revenue also excludes taxes collected from customers.
The Company recognizes revenue for a performance obligation satisfied at point in time after satisfaction of the performance obligation. In case where the outcome of a performance obligation cannot be reasonably measured but the Company expects to recover the costs incurred in satisfying the performance obligation, the revenue is being recognized only to the extent of the costs incurred until such time that it can reasonably measure the outcome of the performance obligation.
The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by nature of goods and service.
Contract assets are recognised when there is excess of revenue earned over billings on contracts. Contract assets are classified as unbilled revenue (only act of invoicing is pending) when there is unconditional right to receive cash, and only passage of time is required, as per contractual terms.
Unearned and deferred revenue (âcontract liabilityâ) is recognised when there is billing in excess of revenues.
Interest income on financial assets (including deposits with banks) is recognised using the effective interest rate method.
Export entitlements are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the right to receive credit as per the terms of the scheme is established in respect of exports made and when there is no significant uncertainty regarding the ultimate collection of the relevant export proceeds.
(xvii) Expenditure
Expenses are accounted for on the accrual basis and provisions are made for all known losses and liabilities.
(xviii) Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred. Borrowing cost includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
(xix) Income tax
Income tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax. It is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.
Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any relating to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates enacted at the reporting date.
Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts, and it is intended to realise the asset and settle the liability on a net basis.
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses, unused tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. Deferred tax assets unrecognised or recognised, are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognised / reduced to the extent that it is probable / no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realised. Significant management judgement is required to determine the probability of deferred tax asset.
Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.
The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
Minimum Alternative Tax (âMATâ) credit entitlement under the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961 is recognised as a deferred tax asset when it is probable that future economic benefit associated with it in the form of adjustment of future income tax liability, will flow to the Company and the asset can be measured reliably. MAT credit entitlement is set off to the extent allowed in the year in which the Company becomes liable to pay income taxes at the enacted tax rates. MAT credit entitlement is reviewed at each reporting date and is recognised to the extent that is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. MAT credit entitlement has been presented as deferred tax asset in Balance Sheet. Significant management judgement is required to determine the probability of recognition of MAT credit entitlement. Refer Note 50.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets levied by the same tax authorities.
(xx) Earnings per share
The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) data for its equity shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting profit or loss attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding, for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares, which comprise convertible preference shares and share options granted to employees.
(xxi) Segment reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker. The chief operating decision maker is considered to be the Board of Directors who makes strategic decisions and is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments.
(xxii) Recent Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS)
Ministry of Corporate Affairs (âMCAâ) notifies new standard or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. On March 31, 2023, MCA amended the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 by issuing the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023, applicable from April 1,2023, as below:
1. Ind AS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements-
The amendments require companies to disclose their material accounting policies rather than their significant accounting policies. Accounting policy information, together with other information, is material when it can reasonably be expected to influence decisions of primary users of general purpose financial statements. The Company does not expect this amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.
2. Ind AS 12 - Income Taxes -
The amendments clarify how companies account for deferred tax on transactions such as leases and decommissioning obligations. The amendments narrowed the scope of the recognition exemption in paragraphs 15 and 24 of Ind AS 12 (recognition exemption) so that it no longer applies to transactions that, on initial recognition, give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences. The Company does not expect this amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.
3. Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors-
The amendments will help entities to distinguish between accounting policies and accounting estimates. The definition of a change in accounting estimates has been replaced with a definition of accounting estimates. Under the new definition, accounting estimates are âmonetary amounts in financial statements that are subject to measurement uncertaintyâ. Entities develop accounting estimates if accounting policies require items in financial statements to be measured in a way that involves measurement uncertainty. The Company does not expect this amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.
Mar 31, 2015
A. Uses of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and
liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of
the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the
management's best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty
about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes
requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or
liabilities in future periods.
b. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets, except land, building,Computers and Plant and Machinery
which were revalued on 30th June 1985, are stated at cost, net of
accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The
cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization
criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset
to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discounts and
rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.
Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to
its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the
existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.
All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day
repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are
changed to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which
such expenses are incurred.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of fixed assets are measured
as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying
amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and
loss when the asset is derecognized.
c. Intangible Assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial
recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets
are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated
impairment losses, if any.
Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the
estimated useful economic life. The company uses a rebuttable
presumption that the useful life of an intangible asset will not exceed
ten years in case of Goodwill and trademark and four years in case of
software from the date when the asset is available for use.
The amortization period is reviewed at least at each financial year
end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly
different from previous estimates, the amortization period is changed
accordingly.
A summary of amortization policies applied to the company's intangible
assets is as below:
Goodwill 10%
Brands/trademarks 10%
Computer software 25%
d. Depreciation on tangible fixed assets
Depreciation on tangible assets is provided on the straight-line method
over the useful lives of assets estimated by the Management.
Depreciation for assets purchased / sold during a period is
proportionately charged. The Management estimates the useful lives for
the tangible fixed assets as follows:
Buildings 30 years
Plant and machinery 15 years
Office equipment 5 years
Computer equipment 3-6 years
Furniture and fixtures 10 years
Electrical installations 10 years
Vehicles 8-10 years
Till March 31,2014, in accordance with the option given in the Guidance
Note on Accounting for Depreciation in Companies, the Company recoups
additional depreciation out of Revaluation reserve. However during the
year, as per Schedule II of the Companies Act,2013 read with para 36 of
"Application Guide on the Provisions of Schedule II to the Companies
Act,2013 issued by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the
depreciation on revalued amount has been charged to statement of the
profit and loss and the amount of depreciation which relates to the
difference between depreciation based on the revalued carrying amount
of the asset and depreciation based on its original cost has been
transferred from the revaluation reserve to the general reserves of the
company.
Depreciation and amortization methods, useful lives and residual values
are reviewed periodically, including at each financial year end (Refer
Note 12)
e. Inventories
Raw Materials, Stores & Spare Parts, [except store & spares items
costing less than Rs.100/- per unit which are charged to Profit and
Loss Account in the year of purchase], Loose tools and Goods in transit
are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. However strategic
items of store & spares costing less than Rs. 100/- per unit has been
valued and included in the value of stocks at lower of cost or net
realisable value. Cost includes cost of purchase, non-refundable duties
& taxes and all other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to
their present location. Cost is determined on Moving Weighted Average
basis.
Work-in-progress and finished Goods are valued at lower of cost or net
relisable value. Cost of finished goods includes related overheads and
excise duty payable on such goods.
Scrap is valued at net realisable value.
Other inventories are valued at lower of net realisable value or
cost(*).
(*) Cost includes an appropriate portion of allocable overheads where
applicable & cost of material is arrived at on Moving Weighted Average
basis.
Net Realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business,less estimated costs of completion and estimated
costs necessary to make the sale.
f. Revenue Recognition
Sale of goods
Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when all the significant risks
and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer,
depending upon the terms of Contract with the customer. The company
collects sales taxes and value added taxes (VAT) on behalf of the
government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to
the company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue. Excise duty
deducted from revenue (gross) is the amount that is included in the
revenue (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arising during
the year. Sale is recognized in the books net off trade discount.
Export sale is recognised on the basis of date of Airway Bill/Bill of
Lading.
Interest
Interest is recognized on time proportion basis.
Dividend income
Dividend Income on Investment is recognized when right to receive the
payment is established.
Export incentives
Export incentives are recognised on accrual basis.
g. Employees Benefits
Short-term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the
undiscounted amount in the statement of profit or loss of the year in
which related service is rendered.
Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund,superannuation fund
and Employees state insurance scheme are defined contribution schemes.
The contributions to the provident fund, superannuation fund and
Employees state insurance are charged to the statement of profit and
loss for the year when the contributions are due. The company has no
obligation, other than the contribution payable to these funds.
The company has defined benefit plans for its employees, ie. gratuity
fund. The costs of providing benefits under this plan is determined on
the basis of actuarial valuation at each year-end. Separate actuarial
valuation is carried out for each plan using the projected unit credit
method. Actuarial gains and losses for defined benefit plans is
recognized in full in the period in which they occur in the statement
of profit and loss.
The company treats accumulated leave as both long-term and short term
employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term and short
term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial
valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end.
Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit
and loss and are not deferred.
h. Foreign Currency Transactions
Initial Recognition : Transactions denominated in Foreign Currencies
are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing at the time of the
transaction.
Conversion : Items denominated in foreign currency at the year end and
not covered by forward exchange contracts are translated at year end
rates and those covered by forward exchange contracts are translated at
the rate ruling on the date of transaction as increased or decreased by
the proportionate difference between the forward rate and exchange rate
on the date of transaction, such difference having been recognised over
the life of the contract.
Exchange differences : Any income or expense on account of exchange
difference either on settlement or on translation is recognised in the
statement of profit and loss.
Forward Contracts: In case of forward exchange contracts, the premium
or discount arising at the inception of such contracts, is amortized as
income or expense over the life of the contract as well as exchange
difference on such contracts i.e. difference between the exchange rates
at the reporting/settlement date and the exchange rate on the date of
inception of contract / the reporting date, is recognized as income /
expense for the period.
i. Investments
Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for
not more than one year from the date on which such investments are
made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are
classified as long-term investments.
Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of
cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.
Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for
diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary
in the value of the investments.
j. Research and Development Cost (other than capital cost)
Research and Developments expenditures are charged to revenue in the
year in which they are incurred.
k. Taxes on Income
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax.
Current income-tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the
tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in
India and tax laws prevailing in the respective tax jurisdictions where
the company operates. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the
amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the
reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognized
directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the statement of
profit and loss.
Deferred income taxes (asset/ liability) reflect the impact of timing
differences between taxable income and accounting income originating
during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the
earlier years. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax
laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred
income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is
recognized in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a
legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against
current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred taxes
relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
l. Impairment of Assets
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets
exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the
Profit and Loss Account in the year in which an asset is identified as
impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting period is
reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable
amount.
m. Excise Duty
Excise Duty is accounted on the basis of, both, payments made in
respect of goods cleared as also provision made for goods lying in
bonded warehouses.
n. Purchase
Purchases are recognised in the books of account at the time of receipt
of material at the factory gate.
o. Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as
part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are
expensed in the period they occur.
p. Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions are recognized in the accounts in respect of present
probable obligations arising as a result of past events and it is
probable that there will be an outflow of resources, the amount of
which can be reliably estimated.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations
that arise from past events but their existence is confirmed by the
occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not
wholly within the control of the Company.
Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial
statements.
q. Leases
Operating Lease -Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards
incident to the ownership of assets substantially vests with the
lessor, are recognized as operating leases Lease rentals in respect of
such assets taken are charged to statement of profit & Loss as per the
terms of the lease agreement.
Finance Lease - Lease arrangements where all risks and rewards incident
to the ownership of assets substantially transferred to the lessee. The
lower of the fair value of the assets and present value of the minimum
lease rentals is capitalised as fixed assets with corresponding amount
shown as lease liability. The principal component in the lease rental
is adjusted against the lease liability and the interest component is
charged to profit and loss account.
r. Segment Reporting
Identification of segments:
The Company's operating business are organized and managed separately
according to the nature of products, with each segment representing a
strategic business unit that offers different products and serves
different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on
the areas in which major operating divisions of the company operate.
Unallocated items:
Unallocated items include general corporate income and expense items
which are not allocated to any business segment.
s. Cash Flow
Cash Flow Statement has been prepared as per the indirect method
prescribed in the Accounting standard '3' notified by Companies
(Accounting Standard) Rules,2006.
Mar 31, 2014
A. Uses of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and
liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of
the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the
management's best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty
about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes
requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or
liabilities in future periods.
b. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets, except land, building,Computers and Plant and Machinery
which were revalued on 30th June 1985, are stated at cost, net of
accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The
cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization
criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset
to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discounts and
rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.
Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to
its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the
existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.
All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day
repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are
changed to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which
such expenses are incurred.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of fixed assets are measured
as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying
amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and
loss when the asset is derecognized.
c. Intangible Assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial
recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets
are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated
impairment losses, if any.
Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the
estimated useful economic life. The company uses a rebuttable
presumption that the useful life of an intangible asset will not exceed
ten years in case of Goodwill and trademark and four years in case of
software from the date when the asset is available for use.
The amortization period is reviewed at least at each financial year
end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly
different from previous estimates, the amortization period is changed
accordingly.
A summary of amortization policies applied to the company's intangible
assets is as
Rates(SLM)
Goodwill 10%
Brands/trademarks 10%
Computer software 25%
d. Depreciation on tangible fixed assets
Depreciation on assets is provided at the rates and in the manner as
specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 using the straight
line method.
Depreciation on assets costing Rs. 5,000 or less have been charged
fully in the year of purchase.
Additions, consequent to the revaluation are depreciated with reference
to the remaining useful life of each assets. Depreciation on revalued
assets are recouped against transfer of equivalent amount from
revaluation reserve to Profit & Loss Account.
Assets purchased for Research & Development are fully depreciated in
the year of purchase.
The company has used the following rates to provide depreciation on its
fixed assets:
Rates(SLM)
Factory Building 3.34%
Plant and equipment
-Double Shift 7.42%
-Single Shift 4.75%
Furniture and fixtures 6.33%
Vehicles 9.50%
Office Equipments 4.75%
Others-Computers 16.21%
e. Inventories
Raw Materials, Stores & Spare Parts, [except store & spares items
costing less than Rs. 100/- per unit which are charged to Profit and
Loss Account in the year of purchase], Loose tools and Goods in transit
are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. However strategic
items of store & spares costing less than Rs. 100/- per unit has been
valued and included in the value of stocks at lower of cost or net
realisable value. Cost includes cost of purchase, non-refundable duties
& taxes and all other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to
their present location. Cost is determined on Moving Weighted Average
basis.
Work-in-progress and finished Goods are valued at lower of cost or net
relisable value. Cost of finished goods includes related overheads and
excise duty payable on such goods.
Scrap is valued at net realisable value.
Other inventories are valued at lower of net realisable value or
cost(*).
(*) Cost includes an appropriate portion of allocable overheads where
applicable & cost of material is arrived at on Moving Weighted Average
basis.
Net Realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business,less estimated costs of completion and estimated
costs necessary to make the sale.
f. Revenue Recognition
Sale of goods
Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when all the significant risks
and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer,
depending upon the terms of Contract with the customer. The company
collects sales taxes and value added taxes (VAT) on behalf of the
government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to
the company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue. Excise duty
deducted from revenue (gross) is the amount that is included in the
revenue (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arising during
the year. Sale is recognized in the books net off trade discount.
Export sale is recognised on the basis of date of Airway Bill/Bill of
Lading.
Interest
Interest is recognized on time proportion basis.
Dividend income
Dividend Income on Investment is recognized when right to receive the
payment is established.
Export incentives
Export incentives are recognised on accrual basis.
g. Employees Benefits
Short-term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the
undiscounted amount in the statement of profit or loss of the year in
which related service is rendered.
Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund,superannuation fund
and Employees state insurance scheme are defined contribution schemes.
The contributions to the provident fund, superannuation fund and
Employees state insurance are charged to the statement of profit and
loss for the year when the contributions are due. The company has no
obligation, other than the contribution payable to these funds.
The company has defined benefit plans for its employees, ie. gratuity
fund. The costs of providing benefits under this plan is determined on
the basis of actuarial valuation at each year-end. Separate actuarial
valuation is carried out for each plan using the projected unit credit
method. Actuarial gains and losses for defined benefit plans is
recognized in full in the period in which they occur in the statement
of profit and loss.
The company treats accumulated leave as both long-term and short term
employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term and short
term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial
valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end.
Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit
and loss and are not deferred.
h. Foreign Currency Transactions
Initial Recognition : Transactions denominated in Foreign Currencies
are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing at the time of the
transaction.
Conversion : Items denominated in foreign currency at the year end and
not covered by forward exchange contracts are translated at year end
rates and those covered by forward exchange contracts are translated at
the rate ruling on the date of transaction as increased or decreased by
the proportionate difference between the forward rate and exchange rate
on the date of transaction, such difference having been recognised over
the life of the contract.
Exchange differences : Any income or expense on account of exchange
difference either on settlement or on translation is recognised in the
statement of profit and loss.
Forward Contracts: In case of forward exchange contracts, the premium
or discount arising at the inception of such contracts, is amortized as
income or expense over the life of the contract as well as exchange
difference on such contracts i.e. difference between the exchange rates
at the reporting/settlement date and the exchange rate on the date of
inception of contract / the reporting date, is recognized as income /
expense for the period.
j. Investments
Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for
not more than one year from the date on which such investments are
made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are
classified as long-term investments.
Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of
cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.
Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for
diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary
in the value of the investments.
i. Research and Development Cost (other than capital cost)
Research and Developments expenditures are charged to revenue in the
year in which they are incurred.
j. Taxes on Income
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax.
Current income-tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the
tax authorities in accordance with the Income- tax Act, 1961 enacted in
India and tax laws prevailing in the respective tax jurisdictions where
the company operates. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the
amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the
reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognized
directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the statement of
profit and loss.
Deferred income taxes (asset/ liability) reflect the impact of timing
differences between taxable income and accounting income originating
during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the
earlier years. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax
laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred
income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is
recognized in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a
legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against
current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred taxes
relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
k. Impairment of Assets
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets
exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the
Profit and Loss Account in the year in which an asset is identified as
impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting period is
reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable
amount.
l. Excise Duty
Excise Duty is accounted on the basis of, both, payments made in
respect of goods cleared as also provision made for goods lying in
bonded warehouses.
m. Purchase
Purchases are recognised in the books of account at the time of receipt
of material at the factory gate.
n. Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as
part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are
expensed in the period they occur.
o. Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions are recognized in the accounts in respect of present
probable obligations arising as a result of past events and it is
probable that there will be an outflow of resources, the amount of
which can be reliably estimated.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations
that arise from past events but their existence is confirmed by the
occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not
wholly within the control of the Company.
Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial
statements.
p. Leases
Operating Lease -Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards
incident to the ownership of assets substantially vests with the
lessor, are recognized as operating leases Lease rentals in respect of
such assets taken are charged to statement of profit & Loss as per the
terms of the lease agreement.
Finance Lease - Lease arrangements where all risks and rewards incident
to the ownership of assets substantially transferred to the lessee. The
lower of the fair value of the assets and present value of the minimum
lease rentals is capitalised as fixed assets with corresponding amount
shown as lease liability. The principal component in the lease rental
is adjusted against the lease liability and the interest component is
charged to profit and loss account.
q. Segment Reporting
Identification of segments:
The Company's operating business are organized and managed separately
according to the nature of products, with each segment representing a
strategic business unit that offers different products and serves
different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on
the areas in which major operating divisions of the company operate.
Unallocated items:
Unallocated items include general corporate income and expense items
which are not allocated to any business segment.
r. Cash Flow
Cash Flow Statement has been prepared as per the indirect method
prescribed in the Accounting standard '3' notified by Companies
(Accounting Standard) Rules,2006.
Mar 31, 2012
A. Change in Accounting Policy
Presentation and disclosure of financial statements
During the year ended 31 March, 2012, the revised Schedule VI notified
under the Companies Act 1956, has become applicable to the company, for
preparation and presentation of its financial statements. The adoption
of revised Schedule VI does hot impact recognition and measurement
principles followed for preparation of financial statements. However it
has significant impact on presentation and disclosures made int the
financial statements. The company has also reclassified the previous
year figures in accordance with the requirements applicable in the
current year.
B. Uses of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires the management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses assets and
liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of
the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the
management's best knowledge of current events and actions,
uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the
outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of
assets or liabilities in future periods.
C. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets, except land, building, Computers and Plant and Machinery
which were revalued on 30th June 1985, are stated at cost, net of
accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The
cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization
criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset
to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discounts and
rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.
Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to
its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the
existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.
AH other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day repair
and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are changed to
the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such
expenses are incurred.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of fixed assets are measured
as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying
amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and
loss when the asset is derecognized.
D. Intangible Assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial
recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets
are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated
impairment losses, if any.
Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the
estimated useful economic life. The Company uses a rebuttable
presumption that the useful life of an intangible asset will not exceed
ten years in case of Goodwill and trademark and four years in case of
software from the date when the asset is available for use. . .
The amortization period is reviewed at least at each financial year
end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly
different from previous estimates, the amortization period is changed
accordingly.
A summary of amortization policies applied to the company's
intangible assets is as
E. Depreciation on tangible fixed assets
Depreciation on assets is provided at the rates and in the manner as
specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 using the _
straight line method.
Depreciation on assets costing Rs.5,000 or less have been charged fully
in the year of purchase.
Additions, consequent to the revaluation are depreciated with reference
to the remaining useful life of each assets. Depreciation on revalued
assets are recouped against transfer of equivalent amount from
revaluation reserve to Profit & Loss Account Assets purchased for
Research & Development are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.
F. Inventories
Raw Materials, Stores & Spate Parts, [except store &
spares items costing less than Rs.100/- per unit which are charged to
Profit arfd Loss Account in the year of purchase], Loose tools and
Goods in transit are valued at lower of cost or net realisalble value.
However strategic items of store & spares costing less than Rs.100/-
per unit has been valued and included in the value of stocks at lower
of cost or net realisable value. Cost includes cost of purchase,
non-refundable duties & taxes and all other costs incurred in bringing
the inventories to their present location. Cost is determined on Moving
Weighted Average basis.
Work-in-progress and finished Goods are valued at lower of cost or net
relisable value. Cost'of finised goods includes related overheads and
excise duty payable on such goods.
Scrap is valued at net realisable value.
Other inventories are valued at lower of net realisable value of cost
(*)
(*) Cost includes an appropriate portion of allocable overheads where
applicable & cost of material is arrived at on Moving Weighted Average
basis. ,
Net Realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated
costs necessary to make the sale. -
g. Revenue Recognition Sale of goods .
Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when all the significant risks
and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer,
usually on delivery of the goods. The company collects sale taxes and
value added taxes (VAT) on behalf of the government and, therefore,
these are not economic benefits flowing to the Company. Hence, they are
excluded from revenue. Excise duty deducted from revenue (gross) is the
amount that is included in the revenue (gross) and not the entire
amount of liability arising during the year.
Export sale is recognised on the basis of date of Airway Bill/Bill
of Lading.
Interest
Interest is recognized on time proportion basis.
Dividend Income
Dividend Income on Investment is recognized when right to receive the
payment is established.
Export Incentives
Export incentives are recognised on accrual basis. '
h. Employees Benefits .
Short-term employee benefits are recognized as an expenses at the
undiscounted amount in the statement of profit or loss of the year in
which related service is redered. -
Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund, superannuation fund
and Employees state insurance scheme are defined contribution schemes.
The contributions to the provident fund, superannuation fund and
Employees state insurance are charged to the statement of profit and
loss for the year when the contribution are due. The company has no
obligation other than the contribution payable to these funds.
The company has defined benefit plans for its employees, ie. gratuity
fund. The costs of providing benefits under this plan is determined on
the basis of actuarial valuation at each year-end. Separate actuarial
valuation is carried out for each plan using the projected unit credit
method. Actuarial gains and losses for defined benefit plans is
recongnized in full in the period In which they occur in the statement
of profit and loss.
The company treats accumulated leave as both long-term and short term
employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long- term and short
term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial
valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end.
Actuarial gaings/losses are immediately taken to the statement of
profit and loss and are not deferred. ,
i. Foreign Currency Transactions
Initial Recognition : Transactions denominated in Foreign Currencies
are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing at the time of the
transaction. . "
Conversion : Items denominated in foreign currency at the year end and
not covered by forward exchange contrancts are translated . at year
end rates and those covered by forward exchange contracts are
translated at the rate ruling on the date of transaction as ( increased
or decreased by the proportionate difference between the forward rate
and exchage rate on the date of transaction, such difference having
been recognised over the life of the contract.
Exchange difference : Any income or expense on account of exchange
difference eithers on settlement or on translation is recognised in the
statement of profit and loss. '
Forward Contracts : In case of forward exchange contracts, the premium
or discount arising at the inception of such contacts, is amortized as
income or expense over the life of the contract as well as exchange
difference on such contracts i.e. difference between the exchange rates
at the reporting/settlement date and the exchange rate on the date of
inception of contract/the reporting date, is recognized as
income/expense for the period, j. Investments
Investments, which are readily realizable and inteded to be held for
not more than one year from the date on which such investments are
made, are classified as current investments. All other investment are
classified as long-term investments.
Current investment are carried in the financial statement at lower of
cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.
Long-term investment are carried at cost. However, provision for
diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary
in the value of the investments.
k. Research and Development Cost (other than capital cost)
Reasearch and Developments expenditures are charged to revenue in the
year in which they are incurred.
1. Taxes on Income .
Tax expenses comprises current and deferred tax. Ã
Current income-tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the
tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in
India and tax laws prevailing in the respective tax jurisdiction where
the company operates. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the
amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the
reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognized
directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the statement of
profit and loss.
Deferred income taxes (asset/liability) reflect the impact of timing
difference between taxable income and accounting income originating
during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the
earlier years. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax
laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred
income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity and not in
the statement of profit and loss. .
Deferred tax assets and deffered tax liabilities are offset, if a
legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against
current tax liabilities and the deffered tax assets and deferred taxes
relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority, m,
Impairment of Assets
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets
exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the
Profit and Loss Account in the year in which an asset is identified as
impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting period is
reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable
amount.
n. Excise Duty '
Excise Duty is accounted on the basis of, both, payments made in
respect of goods cleared as also provision made for goods lying in
bonded warehouses.
o. Purchase
Purchases are recognised in the books of account at the time of receipt
of material at the factory gate.
p. Borrowing Costs .
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as
part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are
expensed in the period they occur. .
q. Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provision are recognized in the accounts in respect of present probable
obligations arising as a result of past events and it is probable that
there will be an outflow of resources, the amount of which can be
reliably estimated.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations
that arise from past events but their existence is confirmed by the
occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not
wholly with in the control of the Company.
Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial
statements. . r. Leases
Operating Lease - Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards
incident to the ownership of assets substantially vests with lessor,
are recognized as operating lease rentals in respect of such assets
taken are charged of statement of profit and loss as per the terms of
the lease agreement.
Finance Lease - Lease arrangements where all risks and rewards incident
to the ownership of assets substantially transferred to the lessee. The
lower of the fair value of the assets and present value of the minimum
lease rentals is capitalised as fixed assets with corresponding amount
shown as lease liability. The principal component in the lease rental
is adjusted against the lease liability and the interest component is
charged to profit and loss account, s. Segment Reporting Identification
of segments :
The Company's operating business are organized and managed separately
according to the nature of products, with each segment
representing a strategic business unit that offers different products
and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical
segmetns is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of
the company operate.
Unallocated items :
Unallocated items include general corporate income and expenses items
which are not allocated to any business segment.
t. Cash Flow .
Cash Flow Statement has been prepared as per the indirect method
prescribed in the Accounting standard Ã3' notified by Companies
(Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006.
Mar 31, 2011
1 Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements:
The Financial Statements have been prepared on accrual basis under
historical cost convention except for certain fixed assets which have
been revalued. These statements are prepared in accordance with the
generally accepted accounting principles, Accounting Standards notified
under Section 211(3C) of the Companies Act, 1956 and the relevant
provisions thereof.
2 Uses of Estimates
The financial statements are prepared using estimates and assumptions
that effect the reported balances of the assets and liabilities and
disclosures relating to contingent assets and liabilities as at the
date of balance sheet and the profit and loss account during the year.
Contingencies are recorded when it is probable that a liability has
been incurred and amount can be reasonably estimated. Actual results
could differ from these estimates. The actual results are recognized in
the year in which the results are known/materialised.
3 Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost except Land, Building,Computers and
Plant & Machinery which were revalued on 30th June 1985 and hence
stated at revalued cost. Cost is net of recoverable taxes and inclusive
of freight, duties, taxes and other directly attributable costs
incurred to bring the assets to their working condition for intended
use.
4 Intangible Assets
Intangible Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated
amortisation. Software having future economic benefits are considered
as intangible assets and amortised over a period of 4 years. Goodwill
and Trade mark are amortised over a period of 10 year.
5 Depreciation
a) Depreciation on assets is provided at the rates and in the manner as
specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 using the straight
line method.
b) Depreciation on assets costing Rs. 5,000 or less have been charged
fully in the year of purchase.
c) Additions, consequent to the revaluation are depreciated with
reference to the remaining useful life of each assets. Depreciation on
revalued assets are recouped against transfer of equivalent amount from
revaluation reserve to Profit & Loss Account.
d) Assets purchased for Research & Development are fully depreciated in
the year of purchase.
6 Inventories
a) Raw Materials, Stores & Spare Parts, [except store & spares items
costing less than Rs. 100/- per unit which are charged to Profit and
Loss Account in the year of purchase], Loose tools and Goods in transit
are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. However strategic
items of store & spares costing less than Rs. 100/- per unit has been
valued and included in the value of stocks at lower of cost or net
realisable value.
Cost includes cost of purchase, non-refundable duties & taxes and all
other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present
location. Cost is determined on First In First Out (FIFO) basis.
b) Scrap is valued at net realisable value.
c) Finished Goods are valued at lower of cost or net relisable value.
Cost (*) includes related overheads and excise duty payable on such
goods.
d) Other inventories are valued at lower of net realisable value or
cost(*).
(*) Cost includes an appropriate portion of allocable overheads where
applicable & cost of material is arrived at on FIFO basis.
7 Revenue Recognition
a) Domestic sales are recognised at the time of despatch of goods to
the customers and export sale is recognized on the basis of date of
Airway Bill/Bill of Lading.
b) Sales are shown inclusive of excise duty and net of sales return,
sales tax and trade discounts.
c) Dividend Income on Investment is recognized when right to receive
the payment is established.
d) Interest is recognized on time proportion basis.
e) Export incentives are recognised on accrual basis.
8 Employees Benefits
a) Short-term employee benefits are recognized as an expense at the
undiscounted amount in the profit or loss account of the year in which
related service is rendered.
b) The company has defined contribution plans for the post employment
benefits' namely provident fund,superannuation fund and employee state
insurance scheme. The company contributions in the above plans are
charged to revenue every year.
c) The company has defined benefit plans namely leave encashment
/compensated absence and gratuity for employees. Gratuity liability is
a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of the
actuarial valuation made at the end of each year. However, the company
through its trust has taken a policy with LIC to cover the gratuity
liability of the employees.
d) Terminal benefits are recognized as an expense immediately.
9 Foreign Currency Transactions
a) Transactions denominated in Foreign Currencies are recorded at the
exchange rate prevailing at the time of the transaction.
b) Items denominated in foreign currency at the year end and not
covered by forward exchange contracts are translated at year end rates
and those covered by forward exchange contracts are translated at the
rate ruling on the date of transaction as increased or decreased by the
proportionate difference between the forward rate and exchange rate on
the date of transaction, such difference having been recognised over
the life of the contract.
c) Any income or expense on account of exchange difference either on
settlement or on translation is recognised in the profit and loss
account.
d) In case of forward exchange contracts, the premium or discount
arising at the inception of such contracts, is amortized as income or
expense over the life of the contract as well as exchange difference on
such contracts i.e. difference between the exchange rates at the
reporting/settlement date and the exchange rate on the date of
inception of contract/the reporting date, is recognized as
income/expense for the period.
10 Investments
a) Long term investments are stated at cost except those investments
which in the management's opinion have suffered a permanent diminution
and thus valued at nominal rate.
b) Current investments are valued at cost or fair market value
whichever is less.
11 Research and Development Cost (other than capital cost)
Research and Developments expenditures are charged to revenue in the
year in which they are incurred.
12 Taxes on Income
(a) Current Tax
Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the
year as determined in accordance with the provisions of Income Tax Act,
1961.
(b) Deferred Tax
The company recognises deferred tax assets or deferred tax liability
based on the tax effect for timing differences i.e the differences that
originates in one accounting period and capable of reversal in
subsequent period(s). The deferred tax assets are recognised only to
the extent there is a reasonable certainity of realisation in
future.The tax effect is calculated based on the prevailing enacted or
substantially enacted regulations. The deferred tax assets/liabilities
are reviewed as at each balance sheet based on developments during the
year.
13 Impairment of Assets
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets
exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the
Profit and Loss Account in the year in which an asset is identified as
impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting period is
reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable
amount.
14 Excise Duty
Excise Duty is accounted on the basis of, both, payments made in
respect of goods cleared as also provision made for goods lying in
bonded warehouses.
15 Purchase
Purchases are recognised in the books of account at the time of receipt
of material at the factory gate.
16 Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or
construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost
of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes
sustantial period of time to get ready for intended use. All other
borrowing costs are charged to revenue.
17 Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provision involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are
recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past
events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources.
Contingent Liablilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the
notes. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the
financial statements.
18 Leases
(a) Operating Lease - Lease rentals in respect of assets taken are
charged to profit & Loss Account as per the terms of the lease
agreement.
(b) Finance Lease - The lower of the fair value of the assets and
present value of the minimum lease rentals is capitalised as fixed
assets with corresponding amount shown as lease liability. The
principal component in the lease rental is adjusted against the lease
liability and the interest component is charged to profit and loss
account.
19 Segment Reporting
i) Identification of segments:
The Company's operating business are organized and managed separately
according to the nature of products, with each segment representing a
strategic business unit that offers different products and serves
different markets.
ii) Unallocated items:
Common unallocable costs and corporate income and expenses are
considered as a part of un-allocable income and expense, which are not
identifiable to any business segment.
20 Cash Flow
Cash Flow Statement has been prepared as per the indirect method
prescribed in the Accounting standard '3' notified by Companies
(Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006.
Mar 31, 2010
1 Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements:
The Financial Statements have been prepared on accrual basis under
historical cost convention except for certain fixed assets which have
been revalued. These statements are prepared in accordance with the
generally accepted accounting principles and as per the provisions of
the Companies Act, 1956.
2 Uses of Estimates
The financial statements are prepared using estimates and assumptions
that effect the reported balances of the assets and liabilities and
disclosures relating to contingent assets and liabilities as at the
date of balance sheet and the profit and loss account during the year.
Contingencies are recorded when it is probable that a liability has
been incurred and amount can be reasonably estimated. Actual results
could differ from these estimates. The actual results are recognized in
the year in which the results are known/materialised.
3 Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost except Land, Building.Computers and
Plant & Machinery which were revalued on 30th June 1985 and hence
stated at revalued cost. Cost is net of CENVAT and inclusive of
freight, duties, taxes and other directly attributable costs incurred
to bring the assets to their working condition for intended use.
4 Intangible Assets
Intangible Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated
amortisation. Software having future economic benefits are considered
as intangible assets and amortised over a period of 4 years.
Goodwill and Trade mark are amortised over a period of 10 year.
5 Depreciation
a) Depreciation on assets is provided at the rates and in the manner as
specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 by using the
straight line method.
b) Depreciation on assets costing Rs. 5000/-or less have been charged
fully in the year of purchase.
c) Additions, consequent to the revaluation are depreciated with
reference to the remaining useful life of each assets. Such
depreciation is recouped against transfer of equivalent amount from
revaluation reserve to Profit & Loss Account.
d) Assets purchased for Research & Development are fully depreciated in
the year of purchase.
6 Inventories
a) Raw Materials, Stores & Spare Parts, [except store & spares items
costing less than Rs. 100/- per unit which are charged to Profit and
Loss Account in the year of purchase], Loose tools and Goods in transit
are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value.However strategic
items of store & spares costing less than Rs. 100/- per unit has been
valued and included in the value of stocks at lower of cost or net
realisable value.
Cost includes cost of purchase, duties, taxes and all other costs
incurred in"bringing the inventories to their present location. Cost is
determined on First In First Out (FIFO) basis.
b) Scrap is valued at net realisable value.
c) Finished Goods are valued at lower of cost or net retisable value.
Cost (*) includes related overheads and excise duty payable on such
goods.
d) Other inventories are valued at lower of net realisable value or
cost(*).
(*) Cost includes an appropriate portion of allocable overheads where
applicable & cost of material is arrived at on FIFO basis.
7 Revenue Recognition
a) Sales includes excise duty but excludes sales tax .adjusted for
trade discounts and sales returns.
b) Domestic sales are recognised at the time of despatch of goods to
the customers and export sale is recognized on the basis of date of
Airway Bill/Bill of Lading.
c) Dividend Income on Investment is recognized when right to receive
the payment is established.
d) Export incentives are recognised on accrual basis.
8 Employees Benefits
Expenses and Liabilities in respect of employee benefits are recorded
in accordance with Revised Accounting Standard 15 - Employees Benefits
(Revised 2005) notified by Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules,2006.
(i) Payments to Defined Contribution Retirements Benefit Schemes are
charged as an expense as they fall due.
For Defined Benefit Schemes: the cost of providing benefits is
determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method, with actuarial
valuation being carried out at each balance sheet date. Actuarial gains
and losses are recognized in full in the profit and loss account for
the period in which they occur. Past service cost is recognized
immediately to the extent that the benefits are already vested.
The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the balance sheet
represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as
adjusted for unrecognized past service cost, plus the present value of
available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the scheme.
(ii) Short Term Employee Benefits.
The undiscounted amount of short term employee benefits expected to be
paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees is recognized
during the period when the employee renders the service.
9 Foreign Currency Transactions
a) Transactions denominated in Foreign Currencies are recorded at the
exchange rate prevailing at the time of the transaction.
b) Items denominated in foreign currency at the year end and not
covered by forward exchange contracts are translated at year end rates
and those covered by forward exchange contracts are translated at the
rate ruling on the date of transaction as increased or decreased by the
proportionate difference between the forward rate and exchange rate on
the date of transaction, such difference having been recognised over
the life of the contract.
c) Any income or expense on account of exchange difference either on
settlement or on translation is recognised in the profit and loss
account.
d) In case of forward exchange contracts, the premium or discount
arising at the inception of such contracts.is amortized as income or
expense over the life of the contract as well as exchange difference on
such contracts i.e. difference between the exchange rates at the
reporting/settlement date and the exchange rate on the date of
inception of contract/ the reporting date, is recognized as income /
expense for the period.
10 Investments
a) Long term investments are stated at cost except those investments
which in the managements opinion have suffered a permanent diminution
and thus valued at nominal rate.
b) Current investments are valued at cost or fair market value
whichever is less.
11 Research and Development Cost (other than capital cost)
Research and Developments expenditures are charged to revenue in the
year in which they are incurred.
12 Taxes on Income
(a) Current Tax
Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the
year as determined in accordance with the provisions of Income TaxAct,
1961.
(b) Deferred Tax
L The company recognises deferred tax assets or deferred tax liability
based on the tax effect for timing differences i.e the differences that
originates in one accounting period and capable of reversal in
subsequent period(s). The deferred tax assets are recognised only to
the extent there is a reasonable certainity of realisation in
future.The tax effect is calculated based on the prevailing enacted or
substantially enacted regulations. The deferred tax assets/liabilities
are reviewed as at each balance sheet based on developments during the
year.
13 Impairment of Assets
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets
exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the
Profit and Loss Account in the year in which an asset is identified as
impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting period is.
reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable
amount.
14 Excise Duty
Excise Duty is accounted on the basis of, both, payments made in
respect of goods cleared as also provision made for goods lying in
bonded warehouses.
15 Purchase
Purchases are recognised in the books of account at the time of receipt
of material at the factory gate.
16 Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or
construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost
of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes
sustantial period of time to get ready for intended use. All other
borrowing costs are charged to revenue.
17 Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provision involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are
recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past
events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources.
Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the
notes. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the
financial statements.
18 Leases
(a) Operating Lease - Lease rentals in respect of assets taken are
charged to profit & Loss Account as per the terms of the lease
agreement.
(b) Finance Lease - The lower of the fair value of the assets and
present value of the minimum lease rentals is capitalised as fixed
assets with corresponding amount shown as lease liability. The
principal component in the lease rental is adjusted against the lease
liability and the interest component is charged to profit and loss
account.
19 Segment Reporting
i) Identification of segments:
The Companys operating business are organized and managed separately
according to the nature of products, with each segment representing a
strategic business unit that offers different products and serves
different markets.
ii) Unallocated items;
Common unallocable costs and corporate income and expenses are
considered as a part of un-allocable income and expense, which are not
identifiable to any business segment.
20 Cash Flow
Cash Flow Statement has been prepared as per the indirect method
prescribed in the Accounting standard 3 notified by Companies
(Accounting Standard) Rules,2006.