Mar 31, 2023
Background
IndusInd Bank Limited (''the Bank'') was incorporated in 1994 under the Companies Act, 1956 and is licensed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to operate as a commercial bank under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. The Bank is publicly held and engaged in providing a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail clients besides undertaking treasury operations. The Bank operates in India including at the International Financial Service Centre in India (IFSC), at GIFT City, and does not have a branch in any foreign country.
1.1 The accompanying financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention and accrual basis of accounting except where otherwise stated and in accordance with statutory requirements prescribed under the Banking Regulation Act 1949, circulars and guidelines issued by RBI from time to time (RBI guidelines), accounting standards referred to in Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) read together with the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2021 and other relevant provisions of the Act in so far as they apply to the Bank and practices prevailing within the banking industry in India.
2.1 The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in India requires Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities (including contingent liabilities) at the date of the financial statements, revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized prospectively in current and future periods.
3. Transactions involving Foreign Exchange
3.1 Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.
3.2 Monetary assets and liabilities of domestic and integral foreign operations (representative offices) denominated in foreign currency are translated at the Balance Sheet date at the closing rates of exchange notified by the Foreign Exchange Dealers'' Association of India (''FEDAI'') and the resulting gains or losses are recognized in the Profit and Loss account.
3.3 Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; and all non-monetary items which
are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.
3.4 Both monetary and non-monetary assets and liabilities of non-integral foreign operations are translated at the Balance Sheet date at the closing rates of exchange notified by the FEDAI and the resulting gains or losses are accumulated in the foreign currency translation reserve until disposal of the net investment at which time they are recognized in Profit and Loss Account as gains or losses.
3.5 All foreign exchange forward and other derivative contracts outstanding at the Balance Sheet date are revalued based on the exchange rates notified by FEDAI for specified maturities and at interpolated rates for contracts of interim maturities and the resulting gains or losses are recognized on present value basis in the Profit and Loss account. The contracts of longer tenor maturities/ or currencies where exchange rates are not notified by FEDAI are revalued based on the forward exchange rates quoted in the market or implied by the swap curves in respective currencies and the resulting gains or losses are recognized on present value basis in the Profit and Loss account.
3.6 Swap Cost arising on account of foreign currency swap contracts to convert foreign currency funded liabilities and assets into rupee liabilities and assets is amortized to the Profit and Loss account under the head ''Interest Expended- Others'' over the life of swap contracts.
3.7 Income and expenditure of domestic and integral foreign operations denominated in a foreign currency is translated at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction. Income and expenditure of non-integral foreign operations is translated at Daily average closing rates.
3.8 Contingent liabilities at the Balance Sheet date on account of outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts, guarantees, acceptances, endorsements and other obligations denominated in a foreign currency are stated at the closing rates of exchange notified by the FEDAI.
Significant accounting policies in accordance with relevant
RBI guidelines are as follows:
4.1 Categorisation of Investments
The Bank classifies its investment at the time of purchase into one of the following three categories:
(i) Held to Maturity (HTM) - Securities acquired with the intention to hold till maturity.
(ii) Held for Trading (HFT) - In accordance with relevant RBI guidelines securities acquired with the intention to trade, which remain unsold for a period of 90 days are transferred to AFS category.
(iii) Available for Sale (AFS) - Securities which do not fall within the above two categories. Subsequent shifting amongst the categories is done in accordance with relevant RBI guidelines.
4.2 Classification of Investments
For the purpose of disclosure in the Balance Sheet, investments are classified under six groups viz., (i) Government Securities, (ii) Other Approved Securities,
(iii) Shares, (iv) Debentures and Bonds, (v) Investments in Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures, and (vi) Other Investments.
4.3 Acquisition cost
(i) Broken period interest on debt instruments is treated as a revenue item.
(ii) Brokerage, commission, etc. pertaining to investments, paid at the time of acquisition is charged to the Profit and Loss account.
(iii) Cost of investments is computed based on the weighted average cost method.
4.4 Valuation of Investments
(i) Held to Maturity - Each security in this category is carried at its acquisition cost or amortized cost. Any premium on acquisition of the security is amortized over the balance period to maturity. The premium amortization is recognized in Profit and Loss Account under Interest earned -Income on investments (Item II of Schedule 13). The book value of the security is reduced to the extent of premium amortized. Diminution, other than temporary, is determined and provided for each investment individually.
(ii) Held for Trading - Securities are valued scripwise and depreciation/ appreciation is aggregated for each classification. The book value of the individual securities is not changed as a result of periodic valuations. Net appreciation in each classification is ignored, while net depreciation is provided for.
(iii) Available for Sale - Securities are valued scrip-wise and depreciation/ appreciation is aggregated for each classification. The book value of the individual securities is not changed as a result of periodic valuations. Net appreciation in each classification is ignored, while net depreciation is provided for.
(iv) Market value of government securities including SDLs (excluding treasury bills) is determined on the basis of the prices/ YTM published by Financial Benchmark India Private Limited (FBIL).
(v) Treasury bills including US Treasury Bills, commercial papers and certificate of deposits are valued at carrying cost. Carrying cost is defined as acquisition cost adjusted for the
discount accreted at the rate prevailing at the time of acquisition.
(vi) Pass Through Certificates (PTC) are valued by using FIMMDA credit spread as applicable for the NBFC category, based on the credit rating of the respective PTC over the Government of India curve published by FBIL.
(vii) Fair value of other debt securities is determined basis trade price or based on the yield curve published by FBIL and relevant credit spreads corresponding to rating and residual maturity published by Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association (FIMMDA). Foreign Currency (FCY) bonds are valued basis the prices sourced from Reuters
(viii) Quoted equity shares held under AFS and HFT categories are valued at the closing price on a recognized stock exchange, in accordance with the relevant RBI guidelines. Unquoted equity shares are valued at their break-up value or at Re. 1 per company where the latest Balance Sheet is not available continuously for more than 18 months as on the date of valuation.
(ix) Units of the schemes of mutual funds are valued at latest Net Asset Value (NAV) provided by the respective schemes of mutual funds.
(x) I nvestments in equity shares held as long-term investments and classified under HTM category are valued at cost . Provision for other than temporary diminution in the value of such longterm investments is made.
(xi) The depreciation on securities acquired by way of conversion of outstanding loans is provided in accordance with RBI guidelines.
(xii) Investment in subsidiaries and associate companies are classified under HTM category and valued at cost. Such investments are assessed for impairment and other than temporary diminution in value is provided for.
(xiii) Security Receipts (SR) are valued at the lower of redemption value and NAV obtained from the Securitization Company (SC)/ Reconstruction Company (RC). As per RBI guideline, in respect of investments in SRs which are more than 10% of stressed assets sold by the Bank, the value is subject to a prudential floor considering the asset classification of the stressed assets, had they remained on the books of the Bank.
(xiv) Purchase and sale transaction in securities are recorded under Settlement Date method of accounting, except in the case of the equity shares where Trade Date method of accounting is followed.
(xiii) Provision for non-performing investments is made in conformity with relevant RBI guidelines. Interest on non-performing investments is not recognized in the profit and loss account unless received.
(xiv) Repurchase (Repo) and Reverse Repurchase (Reverse Repo) transactions with Banks or other institutions are accounted for as collateralized borrowing and lending (lending above 14 days tenor classified under schedule of advances) respectively. Repurchase (Repo) and Reverse Repurchase (Reverse Repo) with RBI are accounted for as collateralized borrowing or Balance with RBI respectively. Balances held under Standing Deposit Facility (SDF) has been reported under Cash and Balances with RBI. Borrowing cost on repo transactions is accounted as interest expense and revenue on reverse repo transactions is accounted as interest income.
(xv) In respect of the short sale transactions in Central Government dated securities, the short position is covered by outright purchase of an equivalent amount of the same security within a maximum period of three months including the day of trade. The short position is reflected as the amount received on sale in a separate account and is classified under ''Investments''. The short position is categorized under the HFT portfolio and is accounted for accordingly.
(xvi) Profit or loss in respect of sale of investments is included in the Schedule 14 under Profit on Sale of Investments(net). In respect of profit from sale of investments under HTM category, an equivalent amount (net of taxes, if any, and net of transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to such profits) is appropriated from the Appropriations account to Capital Reserve account.
(xvii) I n the event, provisions created on account of depreciation in the AFS or HFT categories are found to be in excess of the required amount in any year, the excess is credited to the Profit and Loss account and an equivalent amount (net of taxes, if any, and net of transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to such excess provisions) is appropriated to an Investment Reserve Account (IRA).
The balance in IRA account is used to meet provision on account of depreciation in AFS and HFT categories by transferring an equivalent amount to the Profit and Loss Appropriation account as and when required.
(xviii) Out of net profits earned during the year, transfer is made to Investment Fluctuation Reserve, for an amount not less than the lower of the (a) net profit on sale of investments during the year or (b) net profit for the year less mandatory appropriations, till the balance in such Investment Fluctuation Reserve reaches a level of at least 2% of the aggregate HFT and AFS portfolio. Draw down, if any, from the Investment Fluctuation Reserve shall be in accordance with the applicable RBI guidelines.
4.5 Investments in unquoted units of Venture Capital Funds (VCF) and Alternative Investment Funds (AIF) are categorized under HTM category for initial period of three years and valued at cost as per relevant RBI guidelines. Units of VCF and AIF held under AFS category, where current quotations are not available, are marked to market based on the Net Asset Value (NAV) shown by VCF or AIF as per the latest audited financials of the fund. In case the audited financials are not available for a period beyond 18 months, the investments are valued at Re. 1 per VCF or AIF, as the case may be.
4.6 Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) are valued at book value till it is listed. Post listing and till receipt of Quarterly NAV report, if InvIT is traded on exchange, quoted price is considered for valuation. If not traded, then the Book Value is considered for valuation. Post receipt of quarterly NAV report, if InvIT is traded on exchange, then quoted price is considered for valuation. If not traded, then the NAV based on the registered valuer''s quarterly statement is considered for valuation.
Derivative contracts are designated as hedging or trading and accounted for as follows:
5.1 The hedging contracts comprise of Forward Rate Agreements, Interest Rate Swaps, and Currency Swaps undertaken to hedge interest rate and currency risk on certain assets and liabilities. The net interest receivable or payable is accounted on an accrual basis over the life of the swaps. However, where the hedge is designated with an asset or liability that is carried at market value or lower of cost and market value, then the hedging instrument is also marked to market with the resulting gain or loss recorded as an adjustment to the market value of designated assets or liabilities. Gains or losses on the termination of hedge swaps is accounted in accordance with relevant RBI guidelines.
5.2 The trading contracts comprise of trading in Forward Contracts, Interest Rate Swaps, Cross Currency Interest Rate Swaps, Forward Rate Agreements, Interest Rate Futures, Currency Futures, Currency Options, Swaption etc. The gain or loss arising on unwinding or termination of the contracts, is accounted for in the Profit and Loss account. Trading contracts outstanding
as at the Balance Sheet date are re-valued at their fair value and resulting gains or losses are recognized in the Profit and Loss account.
5.3 Premium paid and received on currency options is accounted when due in the Profit and Loss Account.
5.4 Fair value of derivative is determined with reference to market quotes or by using valuation models. Where the fair value is calculated using valuation models, the methodology is to calculate the expected cash flows under the terms of each specific contract and then discount these values back to the present value. The valuation takes into consideration all relevant market factors (e.g. prices, interest rate, currency exchange rates, volatility, liquidity, etc.). Most market parameters are either directly observable or are implied from instrument prices. The model may perform numerical procedures in the pricing such as interpolation when input values do not directly correspond to the most actively traded market trade parameters.
5.5 Pursuant to RBI guidelines, any receivables under derivative contracts which remain overdue for more than 90 days and mark-to-market gains on all derivative contracts with the same counterparties are reversed through the profit and loss account.
6.1 Advances are classified into standard, substandard, doubtful and loss assets in accordance with RBI guidelines.
6.2 A general provision on standard assets is made in accordance with relevant RBI guidelines for the funded outstanding on global portfolio basis. In respect of stressed advances which are not yet classified as non-performing, contingent provisions are made prudentially. Provision made against standard assets is included in ''Other Liabilities and Provisions - Others''. The general provision also includes provision for stressed sector exposures and provision for incremental exposure of the banking system to a specified borrower beyond Normally Permitted Lending Limit (NPLL) in proportion to bank''s funded exposure to specified borrower. Provision made on positive mark to market of derivative contracts also forms part of general provision. Further, provision requirement under various Restructure scheme of RBI along with provision for the cases where viable resolution plan has not been implemented within timeline prescribed by RBI, from the date of default, also forms part of general provision. Such, General
provisions are included in Schedule 5 - ''Other liabilities & provisions - Others''.
6.3 Unhedged Foreign Currency Exposures (UFCE) of Clients are subject to incremental provisions basis assessment of estimated risk in line with relevant RBI guidelines. Provision made towards UFCE and consequent further capital held under Basel III Capital regulations are disclosed separately. The provision forms a part of provision on standard assets.
6.4 Specific provisions for non-performing advances and floating provisions are made in conformity with relevant RBI guidelines. In addition, the Bank considers accelerated provisioning based on past experience, and other related factors including underlying securities.
6.5 For restructured/rescheduled assets, provision is made in accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, which requires the diminution in the fair value of the assets to be computed as the fair value of loans before and after restructuring. The restructured accounts are classified in accordance with relevant RBI guidelines
6.6 Advances are disclosed in the Balance Sheet, net of specific provisions and interest suspended for non- performing advances, and floating provisions.
6.7 Advances exclude derecognized securitised advances, inter-bank participation certificates issued and bills rediscounted.
6.8 Amounts recovered during the year against bad debts written off in earlier years are recognized in the Profit and Loss account. Provision no longer considered necessary in the context of the current status of the borrower as a performing asset, are written back to the Profit and Loss account to the extent such provisions were charged to the Profit and Loss account earlier.
6.9 Further to the provisions held according to the asset classification status, provision is held in accordance with relevant RBI guidelines for individual country exposures (other than for home country exposure), where the net funded exposure of a country is one percent or more of the total assets. Provision held for country risk is included under ''Other Liabilities and Provisions''.
6.10 The Bank makes floating provision as per the Board approved policy, which is in addition to the specific and general provisions made by the Bank. The floating provision is utilized, with the approval of Board and RBI, if required. The floating provision is netted-off from advances.
7. Securitization transactions, directassignments and other transfers
7.1 The Bank transfers its loan receivables both through Direct Assignment route as well as transfer to Special Purpose Vehicles (''SPV'').
7.2 The securitization transactions are without recourse to the Bank. The transferred loans and such securitized receivables are de-recognized as and when these are sold (true sale criteria being fully met) and the consideration has been received by the Bank. Gains or losses are recognized in accordance with relevant RBI guidelines.
7.3 In accordance with RBI guidelines on Securitization of Standard Assets, any loss, profit or premium realized at the time of the sale is accounted in the Profit & Loss Account for the accounting period during which the sale is completed. However, in case of unrealized gains arising out of sale of underlying assets to the SPV, the profit is recognized in Profit and Loss Account only when such unrealized gains associated with such income is redeemed in cash..
7.4 In case of sale of non-performing assets through securitization route to Securitization Company or Asset Reconstruction Company by way of assignment of debt against issuance of Security Receipts (SR), the recognition of sale and accounting of profit and loss thereon is done in accordance with applicable RBI guidelines. Generally, the sale is recognized at the lower of redemption value of SR and the Net Book Value (NBV) of the financial asset sold, and the surplus is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account on realization; shortfall if any, is charged to the Profit and Loss account subject to regulatory forbearance, if any, allowed from time to time. Profit or loss realized on ultimate redemption of the SR is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.
7.5 The Bank transfers advances through interbank participation with and without risk. In accordance with the relevant RBI guidelines, in the case of participation with risk, the aggregate amount of the participation issued by the Bank is reduced from advances and where the Bank is participating, the aggregate amount of the participation is classified under advances. In the case of participation without risk, the aggregate amount of participation issued by the Bank is classified under borrowings and where the Bank is participating, the aggregate amount of participation is shown as due from banks under advances.
8. Property, Plant and Equipment
8.1 Fixed assets are stated at cost (except in the case of premises which were re-valued based on values determined by approved valuers)
less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Cost includes incidental expenditure incurred on the assets before they are ready for intended use. Subsequent expenditure incurred on assets put to use is capitalized only when it increases the future benefit/ functioning capability from/ of such assets.
8.2 During the year, the Bank has changed its accounting policy for revaluation of own properties. Till March 2022, the appreciation on account of revaluation of premises is credited to Revaluation Reserve. In case of premises, which are carried at revalued amounts, the depreciation on the excess of revalued amount over historical cost is transferred from Revaluation Reserve to General Reserve annually. In accordance with amended policy, the gross carrying value of such properties will become cost and existing revaluation reserve will be carried on reducing balance basis till the related properties are depreciated over their remaining useful lives. In case of revalued assets, depreciation is provided over the remaining useful life of the assets with reference to the gross carrying value.
Depreciation, including amortization of intangible assets, is provided over the useful life of the assets, pro rata for the period of use, on a straight-line method. The useful life estimates prescribed in Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 are generally adhered to, except in respect of asset classes where, based on technical evaluation, a different estimate of useful life is considered suitable. Pursuant to this policy, the useful life estimates in respect of the following assets are as follows:
(a) Computers at 3 years
(b) Application software and perpetual software licenses at 5 years
(c) Printers, Scanners, Routers, Switch at 5 years
(d) ATMs at 7 years
(e) Network cabling, Electrical Installations, Furniture and Fixtures, Other Office Machinery at 10 years.
(f) Vehicles at 5 years
(g) Buildings at 60 years.
Fixed assets costing less than ''5,000 individually are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.
The useful life of an asset class is periodically assessed taking into account various criteria such as changes in technology, changes in business environment, utility and efficacy of an asset class to meet with intended user needs, etc. Whenever there is a revision in the estimated useful life of an asset, the unamortized depreciable amount is charged over the revised remaining useful life of the said asset.
Non-banking assets:
Non-Banking Assets (NBAs) acquired in satisfaction of claims are carried at lower of net book value and net realizable value. Further, the Bank creates provision on non-banking assets as per specific RBI directions.
8.3 The carrying amount of fixed assets is reviewed at the Balance Sheet date to determine if there are any indications of impairment based on internal/ external factors. In case of impaired assets, the impairment loss i.e., the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its recoverable value is charged to the Profit and Loss account.
9.1 Interest and discount income on performing assets is recognized on accrual basis. Interest and discount income on non-performing assets is recognized on realization.
9.2 Interest on Government securities, debentures and other fixed income securities is recognized on a period proportion basis. Income on discounted instruments is recognized over the tenor of the instrument on a Constant Yield to Maturity method.
9.3 Dividend income is accounted on accrual basis when the right to receive dividend is established.
9.4 Commission Exchange and Brokerage are recognized on a transaction date and net of directly attributable expenses.
9.5 Fees are recognized on an accrual basis when binding obligation to recognise the fees has arisen as per agreement, except in cases where the Bank is uncertain of realization.
9.6 Income from distribution of third party products is recognized on the basis of business booked.
9.7 The Bank in accordance with RBI circular FIDD. CO.Plan.BC.5/04.09.01/2020-21 dated September 04, 2020, trades in priority sector portfolio by selling or buying PSLC. There is no transfer of risks or loan assets in these transactions. The fee paid for purchase of the PSLC is treated as an ''Other Expenditure '' and the fee received from the sale of PSLCs is treated as ''Other Income''.
9.8 Gain/ loss on sell down of loans is recognized in line with the extant RBI guidelines.
10.1 Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Lease rental obligations in respect of assets taken on operating lease are charged to the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
10.2 Assets given under leases in respect of which all the risks and benefits of ownership are effectively retained by the Bank are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals received under operating leases are recognized in the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term .
11.1 The Gratuity scheme of the Bank is a defined benefit scheme and the expense for the year is recognized on the basis of actuarial valuation at the Balance Sheet date. The present value of the obligation under such benefit plan is determined based on independent actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method which recognizes each period of service that gives rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation. Payment obligations under the Group Gratuity scheme are managed through purchase of appropriate policies from insurers.
11.2 Provident Fund contribution, under defined benefit plan is made to trusts separately established for the purpose, when an employee covered under the scheme renders the related service.. The rate at which the annual interest is payable to the beneficiaries by the trusts is being administered by the government. The Bank has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investments of the trusts and the notified interest rates. Actuarial valuation of this Provident Fund interest shortfall is done as per the guidance note on Valuation of Interest Rate Guarantees on Exempt Provident Funds under AS 15 (Revised) issued by the Institute of Actuaries of India, and such shortfall, if any, is provided for.
Provident Fund contribution, under defined contribution plan, is made to the scheme administered by Regional Provident Fund Commissioner (RPFC) and is debited to the Profit and Loss Account, when an employee renders the related service. The Bank has no further obligations.
In respect of employees who opted for contribution to the National Pension System (NPS) regulated by the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA), the Bank contributes certain percentage of the basic salary,
under a defined contribution plan, to identified pension fund management companies. The Bank has no liability other than its contribution, and recognises such contributions as an expense in the year in which it is incurred.
11.3 Provision for compensated absences is made on the basis of actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The actuarial valuation is carried out using the Projected Unit Credit Method.
11.4 The Employee Stock Option Scheme (ESOS) of the Bank is in accordance with SEBI (Share Based Employee Benefits and Sweat Equity) Regulations, 2021.The Bank has followed intrinsic value method for share-linked instruments granted under ESOS till March 31, 2021. The Bank has changed its accounting policy from the intrinsic value method to the fair value method for all share-linked instruments granted after March 31, 2021 in accordance with relevant RBI guidelines. Under Intrinsic value method, options cost is measured as the excess, if any, of the fair market price of the underlying stock over the exercise price on the grant date. The fair market price is the closing price on the stock exchange with highest trading volume of the underlying shares, immediately prior to the grant date. Under revised accounting policy, fair value of share-linked instruments on the date of grant are recognized as an expense for all instruments granted after the accounting period ending March 31, 2021. The fair value of the stock-based compensation is measured on the date of grant using Black-Scholes option pricing model and is recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period
In accordance with the relevant guidelines issued
by RBI, the Bank has adopted Segment Reporting as
under:
(a) Treasury includes all investment portfolios, Profit/ Loss on sale of Investments, Profit/ Loss on foreign exchange transactions, equities, income from derivatives and money market operations. The expenses of this segment consist of interest expenses on funds borrowed from external sources as well as internal sources and depreciation/ amortization of premium on Held to Maturity category investments.
(b) Corporate/ Wholesale Banking includes lending to and deposits from corporate customers and identified earnings and expenses of the segment.
(c) Retail Banking includes lending to and deposits from retail customers and identified earnings and expenses of the segment.
(d) Other Banking Operations includes all other operations not covered under Treasury, Corporate/ Wholesale Banking and Retail Banking.
(e) Unallocated includes Capital and Reserves, Employee Stock Options (Grants) Outstanding and other unallocable assets, liabilities, income and expenses.
13. Debit and Credit Card reward points liability
The liability towards Credit Card reward points is computed based on an actuarial valuation and the liability towards Debit Card reward points is computed on the basis of management estimates considering past trends. Actuarial valuation is determined based on certain assumptions regarding mortality rate, discount rate, cancellation rate and redemption rate.
14.1 The Bank imports bullion including precious metal bars on a consignment basis for selling to its customers. The imports are on a back-to-back basis and are priced to the customer based on the prevailing price quoted by the supplier and the local levies related to the consignment like customs duty, etc. The profit earned is included in commission income.
14.2 The Bank sells gold coins to its customers. The difference between the sale price to customers and purchase price is reflected under commission income.
15.1 Tax expenses comprise of current and deferred taxes. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.
15.2 Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date.
15.3 Deferred tax assets are recognized, only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
15.4 In case of unabsorbed depreciation and/or carry forward of losses under tax laws, deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax asset can be realized against future taxable income.
15.5 Deferred tax assets unrecognized of earlier years are re-assessed and recognized to the extent that it has become reasonably certain that future taxable income will be available against which
such deferred tax assets can be realized. At each Balance Sheet date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred tax assets, if any.
The Bank reports Basic and Diluted earnings per share in accordance with AS 20 - Earnings per Share. Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the Net Profit or Loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue equity shares were exercised or converted during the year. Diluted earnings per equity share are computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding as at end of the year.
17. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
17.1 A provision is recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past event, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
17.2 A disclosure of contingent liability is made when there is:
(a) A possible obligation arising from a past event, the existence of which will be confirmed by occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more uncertain future events not within the control of the Bank; or
(b) A present obligation arising from a past event which is not recognized as it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.
17.3 When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
17.4 Contingent assets are not recognized or disclosed in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the assets and related income are recognized in the period in which the change occurs.
In accordance with AS-4 ''Contingencies and Events occurring after the Balance sheet date'' as notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs through amendments to Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016, dated 30 March, 2016, the Bank does not account for proposed dividend as a liability through appropriation from the profit and loss account. The same is recognized in the year of actual payout post approval of shareholders.
Share issue expenses are deducted from Share Premium Account in terms of Section 52 of the Companies Act, 2013.
The Bank assesses at each Balance Sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired. Impairment loss, if any, is provided to the extent the carrying amount of assets exceeds their estimated recoverable amount.
Cash and cash equivalents comprises of Cash in Hand and Balances with RBI and Balances with Banks and Money at Call and Short Notice.
22. Corporate Social Responsibility
Expenditure towards corporate social responsibility obligations in accordance with Companies Act, 2013, is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.
Mar 31, 2022
Background
IndusInd Bank Limited (''the Bank'') was incorporated in 1994 under the Companies Act, 1956 and is licensed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to operate as a commercial bank under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. The Bank is publicly held and engaged in providing a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail clients besides undertaking treasury operations. The Bank operates in India including at the International Financial Service Centre in India (IFSC), at GIFT City, and does not have a branch in any foreign country.
1.1 The accompanying financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost convention and accrual basis of accounting except where otherwise stated and in accordance with statutory requirements prescribed under the Banking Regulation Act 1949, circulars and guidelines issued by RBI from time to time (RBI guidelines), accounting standards referred to in Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) read together with the Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2006 (as amended from time to time) and other relevant provisions of the Act in so far as they apply to the Bank and practices prevailing within the banking industry in India.
2.1 The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in India requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities (including contingent liabilities) at the date of the financial statements, revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in current and future periods.
3. Transactions involving Foreign Exchange
3.1 Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.
3.2 Monetary assets and liabilities of domestic and integral foreign operations denominated in foreign currency are translated at the Balance Sheet date at the closing rates of exchange notified by the Foreign Exchange Dealers'' Association of India (''FEDAI'') and the resulting gains or losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
3.3 Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; and all non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.
3.4 Both monetary and non-monetary assets and liabilities of non-integral foreign operations are translated at the Balance Sheet date at the closing rates of exchange notified by the Foreign Exchange Dealers'' Association of India (''FEDAI'') and the resulting gains or losses are accumulated in the foreign currency translation reserve until disposal of the net investment at which time they are recognised in Profit and Loss Account as gains or losses.
3.5 All foreign exchange forward contracts outstanding at the Balance Sheet date are re-valued on present value basis and the resulting gains or losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
3.6 Swap Cost arising on account of foreign currency swap contracts to convert foreign currency funded liabilities and assets into rupee liabilities and assets is amortised to the Profit and Loss account under the head ''Interest -Others'' over the life of swap contracts.
3.7 Income and expenditure of domestic and integral foreign operations denominated in a foreign currency is translated at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction. Income and expenditure of nonintegral foreign operations is translated at quarterly average closing rates.
3.8 Contingent liabilities at the Balance Sheet date on account of outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts, guarantees, acceptances, endorsements and other obligations denominated in a foreign currency are stated at the closing rates of exchange notified by the FEDAI.
Significant accounting policies in accordance with RBI guidelines are as follows:
4.1 Categorisation of Investments
The Bank classifies its investment at the time of purchase into one of the following three categories:
(i) Held to Maturity (HTM) - Securities acquired with the intention to hold till maturity.
(ii) Held for Trading (HFT) - Securities acquired with the intention to trade. As per the RBI guidelines, HFT securities, which remain unsold for a period of 90 days are transferred to AFS category.
(iii) Available for Sale (AFS) - Securities which do not fall within the above two categories.
Subsequent shifting amongst the categories is done in accordance with RBI guidelines.
4.2 Classification of Investments
For the purpose of disclosure in the Balance Sheet, investments are classified under six groups viz., (i) Government Securities, (ii) Other Approved Securities, (iii) Shares, (iv) Debentures and Bonds, (v) Investments in Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures, and (vi) Other Investments.
4.3 Acquisition cost
(i) Broken period interest on debt instruments is treated as a revenue item.
(ii) Brokerage, commission, etc. pertaining to investments, paid at the time of acquisition is charged to the Profit and Loss account.
(iii) Cost of investments is computed based on the weighted average cost method.
4.4 Valuation of Investments
(i) Held to Maturity - Each security in this category is carried at its acquisition cost or amortised cost. Any premium on acquisition of the security is amortised over the balance period to maturity. The premium amortization is recognized in Profit and Loss Account under Interest earned - Income on investments (Item II of Schedule 13). The book value of the security is reduced to the extent of premium amortized. Diminution, other than temporary, is determined and provided for each investment individually.
(ii) Held for Trading - Securities are valued scripwise and depreciation / appreciation is aggregated for each classification. The book value of the individual securities is not changed as a result of periodic valuations. Net appreciation in each classification is ignored, while net depreciation is provided for.
(iii) Available for Sale - Securities are valued scrip-wise and depreciation / appreciation is aggregated for each classification. The book value of the individual securities is not changed as a result of periodic valuations. Net appreciation in each classification is ignored, while net depreciation is provided for.
(iv) Market value of government securities (excluding treasury bills) is determined on the basis of the prices / YTM published by Financial Benchmark India Private Limited (FBIL).
(v) Treasury bills, commercial papers and certificate of deposits are valued at carrying cost, which includes discount accreted over the period to maturity.
(vi) Fair value of other debt securities is determined based on the yield curve published by FBIL and credit spreads provided by Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association (FIMMDA).
(vii) Quoted equity shares held under AFS and HFT categories are valued at the closing price on a recognised stock exchange, in accordance with the RBI guidelines. Unquoted equity shares are valued at their break-up value or at '' 1 per company where the latest Balance Sheet is not available continuously for more than 18 months as on the date of valuation.
(viii) Units of the schemes of mutual funds are valued at latest Net Asset Value (NAV) provided by the respective schemes of mutual funds.
(ix) Investments in equity shares held as long-term investments by erstwhile IndusInd Enterprises & Finance Limited and Ashok Leyland Finance Limited (since merged with the Bank) are valued at cost and classified under HTM category. Provision towards diminution in the value of such long-term investments is made only if the diminution in value is not temporary in the opinion of management.
(x) Investment in subsidiaries and associate companies are classified as part of HTM category and valued at cost. Such investments are assessed for impairment and any other than temporary diminution in value is provided for.
(xi) Security Receipts (SR) are valued at the lower of redemption value and NAV obtained from the Securitisation Company (SC) / Reconstruction Company (RC). In respect of significant investment in SRs backed by stressed assets sold by the Bank, the value is subject to a prudential floor considering the asset classification of the stressed assets, had they remained on the books of the Bank.
(xii) Purchase and sale transaction in securities are recorded under Settlement Date method of accounting, except in the case of the equity shares where Trade Date method of accounting is followed.
(xiii) Provision for non-performing investments is made in conformity with RBI guidelines.
(xiv) Repurchase (Repo) and Reverse Repurchase (Reverse Repo) transactions (including transactions under Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) with RBI) are accounted for as collateralised borrowing and lending respectively. Borrowing cost on repo transactions is accounted as interest expense and revenue on reverse repo transactions is accounted as interest income.
(xv) In respect of the short sale transactions in Central Government dated securities, the short position is covered by outright purchase of an equivalent amount of the same security within a maximum period of three months including the day of trade. The short position is reflected as the amount received on sale in a separate account and is classified under ''Investments'' The short position is categorized under the HFT portfolio and is accounted for accordingly.
(xvi) Profit or loss in respect of sale of investments is included in the Schedule 14 under Profit on Sale of Investments(net). In respect of profit from sale of investments under HTM category, an equivalent amount (net of taxes, if any, and net of transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to such profits) is appropriated from the Profit and Loss Appropriation account to Capital Reserve account.
(xvii) In the event, provisions created on account of depreciation in the AFS or HFT categories are found to be in excess of the required amount in any year, the excess is credited to the Profit and Loss account and an equivalent amount (net of taxes, if any, and net of transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to such excess provisions) is appropriated to an Investment Reserve Account (IRA).
The balance in IRA account is used to meet provision on account of depreciation in AFS and HFT categories by transferring an equivalent amount to the Profit and Loss Appropriation account as and when required.
(xviii) Out of net profits earned during the year, transfer is made to Investment Fluctuation Reserve, for an amount not less than the lower of the (a) net profit on sale of investments during the year or (b) net profit for the year less mandatory appropriations, till the balance in such Investment Fluctuation Reserve reaches a level of at least 2% of the aggregate HFT and AFS portfolio. Draw down, if any, from the Investment Fluctuation Reserve shall be in accordance with the applicable RBI guidelines.
4.5 Investments in unquoted units of Venture Capital Funds (VCF) and Alternative Investment Funds (AIF) are categorised under HTM category for initial period of three years and valued at cost as per RBI guidelines. Units of VCF and AIF held under AFS category, where current quotations are not available, are marked to market based on the Net Asset Value (NAV) shown by VCF or AIF as per the latest audited financials of the fund. In case the audited financials are not available for a period beyond 18 months, the investments are valued at '' 1 per VCF or AIF, as the case may be.
4.6 In accordance with RBI Circular on Transfer of Loans dated September 24, 2021, the SRs backed by its transferred loans and issued under that securitisation, the valuation of such SRs by the transferor will be additionally subject to a floor of face value of the SRs reduced by the provisioning rate as applicable to the underlying loans, had the loans continued in the books of the transferor.
Derivative contracts are designated as hedging or trading and accounted for as follows:
5.1 The hedging contracts comprise of Forward Rate Agreements, Interest Rate Swaps, and Currency Swaps undertaken to hedge interest rate and currency risk on certain assets and liabilities. The net interest receivable or payable is accounted on an accrual basis over the life of the swaps. However, where the hedge is designated with an asset or liability that is carried at market value or lower of cost and market value, then the hedging instrument is also marked to market with the resulting gain or loss recorded as an adjustment to the market value of designated assets or liabilities. Gains or losses on the termination of hedge swaps is accounted in accordance with RBI guidelines.
5.2 The trading contracts comprise of trading in Forward Contracts, Interest Rate Swaps, Currency Swaps, Cross Currency Interest Rate Swaps, Forward Rate Agreements, Interest Rate Futures, FX Futures, Currency Futures, etc. The gain or loss arising on unwinding or termination of the contracts, is accounted for in the Profit and Loss account. Trading contracts outstanding as at the Balance Sheet date are re-valued at their fair value and resulting gains or losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
5.3 Premium paid and received on currency options is accounted when due in the Profit and Loss Account.
5.4 Fair value of derivative is determined with reference to market quotes or by using valuation models. Where the fair value is calculated using valuation models, the methodology is to calculate the expected cash flows under the terms of each specific contract and then discount these values back to the present value. The valuation takes into consideration all relevant market factors (e.g. prices, interest rate, currency exchange rates, volatility, liquidity, etc.). Most market parameters are either directly observable or are implied from instrument prices. The model may perform numerical procedures in the pricing such as interpolation when input values do not directly correspond to the most actively traded market trade parameters.
5.5 Provisioning of overdue customer receivable on derivative contracts is made as per RBI guidelines.
6.1 Advances are classified as per RBI guidelines into standard, sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets after considering subsequent recoveries to date.
6.2 A general provision on standard assets is made in accordance with RBI guidelines for the funded outstanding on global portfolio basis. In respect of stressed advances which are not yet classified non-performing, contingent provisions are made prudentially. Provision made against standard assets is included in ''Other Liabilities and Provisions - Others''.
6.3 Unhedged Foreign Currency Exposures (UFCE) of Clients are subject to incremental provisions basis assessment of estimated risk in line with RBI guidelines. Provision made towards UFCE and consequent further capital held under Basel III Capital regulations are disclosed separately. The provision forms a part of provision on standard assets.
6.4 Specific provisions for non-performing advances and floating provisions are made in conformity with RBI guidelines. In addition, the Bank considers accelerated provisioning based on past experience, and other related factors including underlying securities.
6.5 For restructured/rescheduled assets, provision is made in accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, which requires the diminution in the fair value of the assets to be computed as the fair value of loans before and after restructuring. The restructured accounts are classified in accordance with RBI guidelines.
6.6 Advances are disclosed in the Balance Sheet, net of specific provisions and interest suspended for non performing advances, and floating provisions.
6.7 Advances exclude derecognised securitised advances, inter-bank participation certificates issued and bills rediscounted.
6.8 Amounts recovered during the year against bad debts written off in earlier years are recognised in the Profit and Loss account. Provision no longer considered necessary in the context of the current status of the borrower as a performing asset, are written back to the Profit and Loss account to the extent such provisions were charged to the Profit and Loss account.
6.9 Further to the provisions held according to the asset classification status, provision is held in accordance with RBI guidelines for individual country exposures (other than for home country exposure), where the net funded exposure of a country is one percent or more of the total assets. Provision held for country risk is included under ''Other Liabilities and Provisions''.
6.10 The Bank makes floating provision as per the Board approved policy, which is in addition to the specific and general provisions made by the Bank. The floating provision is utilised, with the approval of Board and RBI, if required. The floating provision is netted-off from advances.
7. Securitisation transactions, direct assignments and other transfers
7.1 The Bank transfers its loan receivables both through Direct Assignment route as well as transfer to Special Purpose Vehicles (''SPV'').
7.2 The securitization transactions are without recourse to the Bank. The transferred loans and such securitized receivables are de-recognized as and when these are sold (true sale criteria being fully met) and the consideration has been received by the Bank. Gains or losses are recognized in accordance with relevant RBI guidelines.
7.3 In terms of RBI guidelines, profit or premium arising on account of sale of standard assets, being the difference between the sale consideration and book value, is amortized over the life of the securities issued by the Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV). Any loss arising on account of the sale is recognized in the Profit and Loss account in the period in which the sale occurs.
7.4 In case of sale of non-performing assets through securitization route to Securitisation Company or Asset Reconstruction Company by way of assignment of debt against issuance of Security Receipts (SR), the recognition of sale and accounting of profit and loss thereon is done in accordance with applicable RBI guidelines. Generally, the sale is recognized at the lower of redemption value of SR and the Net Book Value (NBV) of the financial asset sold, and the surplus is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account on realisation; shortfall if any, is charged to the Profit and Loss account subject to regulatory forbearance, if any, allowed from time to time. Profit or loss realized on ultimate redemption of the SR is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.
7.5 The Bank transfers advances through inter-bank participation with and without risk. In accordance with the RBI guidelines, in the case of participation with risk, the aggregate amount of the participation issued by the Bank is reduced from advances and where the Bank is participating, the aggregate amount of the participation is classified under advances. In the case of participation without risk, the aggregate amount of participation issued by the Bank is classified under borrowings and where the Bank is participating, the aggregate amount of participation is shown as due from banks under advances.
8. Property, Plant and Equipment
8.1 Fixed assets are stated at cost (except in the case of premises which were re-valued based on values determined by approved valuers) less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Cost includes incidental expenditure incurred on the assets before they are ready for intended use.
8.2 The appreciation on account of revaluation is credited to Revaluation Reserve. In case of revalued/impaired assets, depreciation is provided over the remaining useful life of the assets with reference to revised asset values. In case of premises, which are carried at revalued amounts, the depreciation on the excess of revalued amount over historical cost is transferred from Revaluation Reserve to General Reserve annually.
Depreciation, including amortisation of intangible assets, is provided over the useful life of the assets, pro rata for the period of use, on a straight-line method. The useful life estimates prescribed in Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 are generally adhered to, except in respect of asset classes where, based on technical evaluation, a different estimate of useful life is considered suitable. Pursuant to this policy, the useful life estimates in respect of the following assets are as follows:
(a) Computers at 3 years
(b) Application software and perpetual software licences at 5 years
(c) Printers, Scanners, Routers, Switch at 5 years
(d) ATMs at 7 years
(e) Network cabling, Electrical Installations, Furniture and Fixtures, Other Office Machinery at 10 years
(f) Vehicles at 5 years
(g) Buildings at 60 years
Fixed assets costing less than '' 5,000 individually are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.
The useful life of an asset class is periodically assessed taking into account various criteria such as changes in technology, changes in business environment, utility and efficacy of an asset class to meet with intended user needs, etc. Whenever there is a revision in the estimated useful life of an asset, the unamortised depreciable amount is charged over the revised remaining useful life of the said asset.
Non-banking assets:
Non-Banking Assets (NBAs) acquired in satisfaction of claims are carried at lower of net book value and net realisable value. Further, the Bank creates provision on non-banking assets as per specific RBI directions.
8.3 The carrying amount of fixed assets is reviewed at the Balance Sheet date to determine if there are any indications of impairment based on internal / external factors. In case of impaired assets, the impairment loss i.e. the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its recoverable value is charged to the Profit and Loss account to the extent the carrying amount of assets exceeds its estimated recoverable amount.
9.1 Interest and discount income on performing assets is recognised on accrual basis. Interest and discount income on non-performing assets is recognised on realisation.
9.2 Interest on Government securities, debentures and other fixed income securities is recognised on a period proportion basis. Income on discounted instruments is recognised over the tenor of the instrument on a Constant Yield to Maturity method.
9.3 Dividend income is accounted on accrual basis when the right to receive dividend is established.
9.4 Commission (except for commission on Deferred Payment Guarantees which is recognised over the term on a straight line basis), Exchange and Brokerage are recognised on a transaction date and net of directly attributable expenses.
9.5 Fees are recognised on an accrual basis when binding obligation to recognise the fees has arisen as per agreement, except in cases where the Bank is uncertain of realisation.
9.6 Income from distribution of third party products is recognised on the basis of business booked.
9.7 The Bank in accordance with RBI circular FIDD.CO.Plan.BC.5/04.09.01/2020-21 dated September 4, 2020, trades in priority sector portfolio by selling or buying PSLC. There is no transfer of risks or loan assets in these transactions. The fee paid for purchase of the PSLC is treated as an ''Expense'' and the fee received from the sale of PSLCs is treated as ''Other Income''.
9.8 Gain / loss on sell down of loans is recognised in line with the extant RBI guidelines.
10.1 Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Lease rental obligations in respect of assets taken on operating lease are charged to the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
10.2 Assets given under leases in respect of which all the risks and benefits of ownership are effectively retained by the Bank are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals received under operating leases are recognized in the Profit and Loss account as per the terms of the contracts.
11.1 The Gratuity scheme of the Bank is a defined benefit scheme and the expense for the year is recognized on the basis of actuarial valuation at the Balance Sheet date. The present value of the obligation under such benefit plan is determined based on independent actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method which recognizes each period of service that gives rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation. Payment obligations under the Group Gratuity scheme are managed through purchase of appropriate policies from insurers.
11.2 Provident Fund contribution, under defined benefit plan is made to trusts separately established for the purpose, when an employee covered under the scheme renders the related service. The rate at which the annual interest is payable to the beneficiaries by the trusts is being administered by the government. The Bank has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investments of the trusts and the notified interest rates. Actuarial valuation of this Provident Fund interest shortfall is done as per the guidance note on Valuation of Interest Rate Guarantees on Exempt Provident Funds under AS 15 (Revised) issued by the Institute of Actuaries of India, and such shortfall, if any, is provided for.
Provident Fund contribution, under defined contribution plan, is made to the scheme administered by Regional Provident Fund Commissioner (RPFC) and is debited to the Profit and Loss Account, when an employee renders the related service. The Bank has no further obligations.
In respect of employees who opted for contribution to the National Pension System (NPS) regulated by the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA), the Bank contributes certain percentage of the basic salary, under a defined contribution plan, to identified pension fund management companies. The Bank has no liability other than its contribution, and recognises such contributions as an expense in the year in which it is incurred.
11.3 Provision for compensated absences is made on the basis of actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The actuarial valuation is carried out using the Projected Unit Credit Method.
11.4 The Bank has changed its accounting policy from the intrinsic value method to the fair value method for all share-linked instruments granted after March 31, 2021 in accordance with RBI guidelines. Accordingly, fair value of share-linked instruments on the date of grant are recognised as an expense for all instruments granted after the
accounting period ended March 31, 2021. The fair value of the stock-based compensation is estimated on the date of grant using Black-Scholes option pricing model and is recognised as compensation expense over the vesting period.
In accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, the Bank has adopted Segment Reporting as under:
(a) Treasury includes all investment portfolios, Profit / Loss on sale of Investments, Profit / Loss on foreign exchange transactions, equities, income from derivatives and money market operations. The expenses of this segment consist of interest expenses on funds borrowed from external sources as well as internal sources and depreciation / amortisation of premium on Held to Maturity category investments.
(b) Corporate / Wholesale Banking includes lending to and deposits from corporate customers and identified earnings and expenses of the segment.
(c) Retail Banking includes lending to and deposits from retail customers and identified earnings and expenses of the segment.
(d) Other Banking Operations includes all other operations not covered under Treasury, Corporate / Wholesale Banking and Retail Banking.
(e) Unallocated includes Capital and Reserves, Employee Stock Options (Grants) Outstanding and other unallocable assets, liabilities, income and expenses.
13. Debit and Credit Card reward points liability
The liability towards Credit Card reward points is computed based on an actuarial valuation and the liability towards
Debit Card reward points is computed on the basis of management estimates considering past trends.
14.1 The Bank imports bullion including precious metal bars on a consignment basis for selling to its customers. The imports are on a back-to-back basis and are priced to the customer based on the prevailing price quoted by the supplier and the local levies related to the consignment like customs duty, etc. The profit earned is included in commission income.
14.2 The Bank sells gold coins to its customers. The difference between the sale price to customers and purchase price is reflected under commission income.
15.1 Tax expenses comprise of current and deferred taxes. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.
15.2 Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date.
15.3 Deferred tax assets are recognized, only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
15.4 In case of unabsorbed depreciation and/or carry forward of losses under tax laws, deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax asset can be realized against future taxable income.
15.5 Deferred tax assets unrecognized of earlier years are re-assessed and recognised to the extent that it has become reasonably certain that future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. At each Balance Sheet date, the Company re-assesses unrecognised deferred tax assets, if any.
Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the Net Profit or Loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per equity share are computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding as at end of the year.
17. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
17.1 A provision is recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past event, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
17.2 A disclosure of contingent liability is made when there is:
(a) A possible obligation arising from a past event, the existence of which will be confirmed by occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not within the control of the bank; or
(b) A present obligation arising from a past event which is not recognized as it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.
17.3 When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
17.4 Contingent assets are not recognized or disclosed in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the assets and related income are recognized in the period in which the change occurs.
Cash and cash equivalents comprises of Cash in Hand and Balances with RBI and Balances with Banks and Money at Call and Short Notice.
19. Corporate Social Responsibility
Expenditure incurred towards corporate social responsibility obligations in accordance with Companies Act, 2013, is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.
Mar 31, 2021
1. General
1.1 IndusInd Bank Limited (''the Bank'') was incorporated in 1994 under the Companies Act, 1956 and is licensed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to operate as a commercial bank under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. The Bank is publicly held and provides a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail clients besides undertaking treasury operations. The Bank operates in India including at the International Financial Service Centres in India, and does not have a branch in any foreign country.
1.2 The accompanying financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and accrual basis of accounting except where otherwise stated, and in accordance with statutory requirements prescribed under the Banking Regulation Act 1949, circulars and guidelines issued by RBI from time to time (RBI guidelines), accounting standards referred to in Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) and the relevant provisions of the Act read with the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and other relevant provisions of the Act and Companies (Accounting Standard) Amendment Rules 2016 in so far as they apply to the Bank and practices prevailing within the banking industry in India.
1.3 The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in India requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements. Management believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in current and future periods.
2. Transactions involving Foreign Exchange
2.1 Monetary assets and liabilities of domestic and integral foreign operations denominated in foreign currency are translated at the Balance Sheet date at the closing rates of exchange notified by the Foreign Exchange Dealers'' Association of India (''FEDAI'') and the resulting gains or losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
2.2 Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.
2.3 Both monetary and non-monetary assets and liabilities of non-integral foreign operations are translated at the Balance Sheet date at the closing rates of exchange notified by the Foreign Exchange Dealers'' Association of India (''FEDAI'') and the resulting gains or losses are accumulated in the foreign currency translation reserve until disposal of the net investment in the non-integral foreign operation.
2.4 All foreign exchange contracts outstanding at the Balance Sheet date are re-valued on present value basis and the resulting gains or losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
2.5 Swap Cost arising on account of foreign currency swap contracts to convert foreign currency funded liabilities and assets into rupee liabilities and assets is amortised to the Profit and Loss account under the head ''Interest -Others'' over the underlying swap period.
2.6 Income and expenditure of domestic and integral foreign operations denominated in a foreign currency is translated at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction. Income and expenditure of nonintegral foreign operations is translated at quarterly average closing rates.
2.7 Contingent liabilities at the Balance Sheet date on account of outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts, guarantees, acceptances, endorsements and other obligations denominated in a foreign currency are stated at the closing rates of exchange notified by the FEDAI.
Significant accounting policies in accordance with RBI guidelines are as follows:
3.1 Categorisation of Investments
The Bank classifies its investment at the time of purchase into one of the following three categories:
(i) Held to Maturity (HTM) - Securities acquired with the intention to hold till maturity.
(ii) Held for Trading (HFT) - Securities acquired with the intention to trade.
(iii) Available for Sale (AFS) - Securities which do not fall within the above two categories.
Subsequent shifting amongst the categories is done in accordance with RBI guidelines.
3.2 Classification of Investments
For the purpose of disclosure in the Balance Sheet, investments are classified under six groups viz., (i) Government
Securities, (ii) Other Approved Securities, (iii) Shares, (iv) Debentures and Bonds, (v) Investments in Subsidiaries
and Joint Ventures, and (vi) Other Investments.
3.3 Acquisition cost
(i) Broken period interest on debt instruments is treated as a revenue item.
(ii) Brokerage, commission, etc. pertaining to investments, paid at the time of acquisition is charged to the Profit and Loss account.
(iii) Cost of investments is computed based on the weighted average cost method.
3.4 Valuation of Investments
(i) Held to Maturity - Each security in this category is carried at its acquisition cost. Any premium on acquisition of the security is amortised over the balance period to maturity. The amortized amount is classified under Interest earned - Income on investments (Item II of Schedule 13). The book value of the security is reduced to the extent of amount amortized during the relevant accounting period. Diminution, other than temporary, is determined and provided for each investment individually.
(ii) Held for Trading - Securities are valued scrip-wise and depreciation / appreciation is aggregated for each classification. Net appreciation in each classification is ignored, while net depreciation is provided for.
(iii) Available for Sale - Securities are valued scrip-wise and depreciation / appreciation is aggregated for each classification. Net appreciation in each classification is ignored, while net depreciation is provided for.
(iv) Market value of government securities (excluding treasury bills) is determined on the basis of the prices / YTM published by Financial Benchmark India Private Limited (FBIL).
(v) Treasury bills, commercial paper and certificate of deposits are valued at carrying cost, which includes discount amortised over the period to maturity.
(vi) Fair value of other debt securities is determined based on the yield curve published by FBIL and credit spreads provided by Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association (FIMMDA).
(vii) Quoted equity shares held under AFS and HFT categories are valued at the closing price on a recognised stock exchange, in accordance with the RBI guidelines. Unquoted equity shares are valued at their break-up value or at '' 1 per company where the latest Balance Sheet is not available.
(viii) Units of the schemes of mutual funds are valued at Net Asset Value (NAV) provided by the respective schemes of mutual funds.
(ix) Investments in equity shares held as long-term investments by erstwhile IndusInd Enterprises & Finance Limited and Ashok Leyland Finance Limited (since merged with the Bank) are valued at cost and classified as part of HTM category. Provision towards diminution in the value of such long-term investments is made only if the diminution in value is not temporary in the opinion of management.
(x) Investment in subsidiaries and associate companies are classified as part of HTM category and valued at cost. Such investments are assessed for impairment and any permanent diminution in value is provided for.
(xi) Security Receipts (SR) are valued at the lower of redemption value and NAV obtained from the Securitisation Company (SC) / Reconstruction Company (RC). In respect of significant investment in SRs backed by stressed assets sold by the Bank, the value is subject to a prudential floor considering the asset classification of the stressed assets, had they remained on the books of the Bank.
(xii) Purchase and sale transaction in securities are recorded under Settlement Date method of accounting, except in the case of the equity shares where Trade Date method of accounting is followed.
(xiii) Provision for non-performing investments is made in conformity with RBI guidelines.
(xiv) Repurchase (Repo) and Reverse Repurchase (Reverse Repo) transactions (including transactions under Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) with RBI) are accounted for as collateralised borrowing and lending respectively. On completion of the second leg of the Repo or Reverse Repo transaction, the difference between the consideration amounts is reckoned as Interest Expenditure or Income, as the case may be. Amounts outstanding in Repo and Reverse Repo account as at the Balance Sheet date is shown as part of Borrowings and Money at Call and at Short Notice respectively, and the accrued expenditure and income till the Balance Sheet date is recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
(xv) In respect of the short sale transactions in Central Government dated securities, the short position is covered by outright purchase of an equivalent amount of the same security within a maximum period of three months including the day of trade. The short position is reflected as the amount received on sale in a separate account and is classified under ''Other Liabilities''. The short position is marked to market and loss, if any, is charged to the Profit and Loss account, while gain, if any, is not recognized. Profit or loss on settlement of the short position is recognized in the Profit and Loss account.
(xvi) Profit in respect of investments sold from HTM category is included in the Profit on Sale of Investments and an equivalent amount (net of taxes, if any, and net of transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to such profits) is appropriated from the Profit and Loss Appropriation account to Capital Reserve account.
(xvii) In the event, provisions created on account of depreciation in the AFS or HFT categories are found to be in excess of the required amount in any year, the excess is credited to the Profit and Loss account and an equivalent amount (net of taxes, if any, and net of transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to such excess provisions) is appropriated to an Investment Reserve Account (IRA).
The balance in IRA account is used to meet provision on account of depreciation in AFS and HFT categories by transferring an equivalent amount to the Profit and Loss Appropriation account as and when required.
(xviii) Out of net profits earned during the year, transfer is made to Investment Fluctuation Reserve, for an amount not less than the lower of the (a) net profit on sale of investments during the year (b) net profit for the year less mandatory appropriations, till the balance in such Investment Fluctuation Reserve reaches a level of at least 2% of the aggregate HFT and AFS portfolio. Draw down, if any, from the Investment Fluctuation Reserve shall be in accordance with the applicable RBI guidelines.
3.5 Investments in unquoted units of Venture Capital Funds (VCF) and Alternative Investment Funds (AIF) are categorised
under HTM category for initial period of three years and valued at cost as per RBI guidelines. Units of VCF and AIF held under AFS category, where current quotations are not available, are marked to market based on the Net Asset Value (NAV) shown by VCF or AIF as per the latest audited financials of the fund. In case the audited financials are not available for a period beyond 18 months, the investments are valued at '' 1 per VCF or AIF, as the case may be.
Derivative contracts are designated as hedging or trading and accounted for as follows:
4.1 The hedging contracts comprise of Forward Rate Agreements, Interest Rate Swaps, and Currency Swaps undertaken to hedge interest rate and currency risk on certain assets and liabilities. The net interest receivable or payable is accounted on an accrual basis over the life of the swaps. However, where the hedge is designated with
an asset or liability that is carried at market value or lower of cost and market value, then the hedging instrument is also marked to market with the resulting gain or loss recorded as an adjustment to the market value of designated assets or liabilities.
4.2 The trading contracts comprise of trading in Forward Contracts, Interest Rate Swaps, Currency Swaps, Cross Currency Interest Rate Swaps, Forward Rate Agreements, Interest Rate Futures, FX Futures, Currency Futures, etc. The gain or loss arising on unwinding or termination of the contracts, is accounted for in the Profit and Loss account. Trading contracts outstanding as at the Balance Sheet date are re-valued at their fair value and resulting gains or losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
4.3 Gains or losses on the termination of hedge swaps is deferred and recognised over the shorter of the remaining life of the hedge swap or the remaining life of the underlying asset or liability.
4.4 Premium paid and received on currency options is accounted when due in the Profit and Loss Account.
4.5 Fair value of derivative is determined with reference to market quotes or by using valuation models. Where the fair value is calculated using valuation models, the methodology is to calculate the expected cash flows under the terms of each specific contract and then discount these values back to the present value. The valuation takes into consideration all relevant market factors (e.g. prices, interest rate, currency exchange rates, volatility, liquidity, etc.). Most market parameters are either directly observable or are implied from instrument prices. The model may perform numerical procedures in the pricing such as interpolation when input values do not directly correspond to the most actively traded market trade parameters.
4.6 Provisioning of overdue customer receivable on derivative contracts is made as per RBI guidelines.
5.1 Advances are classified as per RBI guidelines into standard, sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets after considering subsequent recoveries to date.
5.2 A general provision on standard assets is made in accordance with RBI guidelines. Such provision towards standard assets include a provision made on the standard advances of customers having Unhedged Foreign Currency Exposure (UFCE), which requires an assessment of the UFCE of a customer and estimation of the extent of loss likely to be suffered by the customer on account of the same. In respect of stressed advances which are not yet classified non-performing, contingent provisions are made prudentially. Provision made against standard assets is included in ''Other Liabilities and Provisions''.
5.3 Specific provisions for non-performing advances and floating provisions are made in conformity with RBI guidelines. In addition, the Bank considers accelerated provisioning based on past experience, evaluation of securities and other related factors.
5.4 For restructured/rescheduled assets, provision is made in accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, which requires the diminution in the fair value of the assets to be provided at the time of restructuring. The restructured accounts are classified in accordance with RBI guidelines, including special dispensation wherever allowed.
5.5 Advances are disclosed in the Balance Sheet, net of specific provisions and interest suspended for non-performing advances, and floating provisions.
5.6 Advances exclude derecognised securitised advances, inter-bank participation certificates issued and bills rediscounted.
5.7 Amounts recovered during the year against bad debts written off in earlier years are recognised in the Profit and Loss account. Provision no longer considered necessary in the context of the current status of the borrower as a performing asset, are written back to the Profit and Loss account to the extent such provisions were charged to the Profit and Loss account.
5.8 Further to the provisions held according to the asset classification status, provision is held in accordance with RBI guidelines for individual country exposures (other than for home country exposure), where the net funded exposure of a country is one percent or more of the total assets. Provision held for country risk is included under ''Other Liabilities and Provisions''.
6. Securitisation transactions, direct assignments and other transfers
6.1 The Bank transfers its loan receivables both through Direct Assignment route as well as transfer to Special Purpose Vehicles (''SPV'').
6.2 The securitization transactions are without recourse to the Bank. The transferred loans and such securitized receivables are de-recognized as and when these are sold (true sale criteria being fully met) and the consideration has been received by the Bank. Gains or losses are recognized only if the Bank surrenders the rights to the benefits specified in the loan contracts.
6.3 In terms of RBI guidelines, profit or premium arising on account of sale of standard assets, being the difference between the sale consideration and book value, is amortized over the life of the securities issued by the Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV). Any loss arising on account of the sale is recognized in the Profit and Loss account in the period in which the sale occurs.
6.4 In case of sale of non-performing assets through securitization route to Securitisation Company or Asset Reconstruction Company by way of assignment of debt against issuance of Security Receipts (SR), the recognition of sale and accounting of profit and loss thereon is done in accordance with applicable RBI guidelines. Generally, the sale is recognized at the lower of redemption value of SR and the Net Book Value (NBV) of the financial asset sold, and the surplus is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account; shortfall if any, is charged to the Profit and Loss account subject to regulatory forbearance, if any, allowed from time to time. Profit or loss realized on ultimate redemption of the SR is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.
6.5 The Bank transfers advances through inter-bank participation with and without risk. In accordance with the RBI guidelines, in the case of participation with risk, the aggregate amount of the participation issued by the Bank is reduced from advances and where the Bank is participating, the aggregate amount of the participation is classified under advances. In the case of participation without risk, the aggregate amount of participation issued by the Bank is classified under borrowings and where the Bank is participating, the aggregate amount of participation is shown as due from banks under advances.
7. Property, Plant and Equipment
7.1 Fixed assets are stated at cost (except in the case of premises which were re-valued based on values determined by approved valuers) less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Cost includes incidental expenditure incurred on the assets before they are ready for intended use.
7.2 The appreciation on account of revaluation is credited to Revaluation Reserve. In case of revalued/impaired assets, depreciation is provided over the remaining useful life of the assets with reference to revised asset values. In case of premises, which are carried at revalued amounts, the depreciation on the excess of revalued amount over historical cost is transferred from Revaluation Reserve to General Reserve annually.
7.3 Depreciation, including amortisation of intangible assets, is provided over the useful life of the assets, pro rata for the period of use, on a straight-line method. The useful life estimates prescribed in Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 are generally adhered to, except in respect of asset classes where, based on technical evaluation, a different estimate of useful life is considered suitable. Pursuant to this policy, the useful life estimates in respect of the following assets are as follows:
a) Computers at 3 years
(b) Application software and perpetual software licences at 5 years
(c) Printers, Scanners, Routers, Switch at 5 years
(d) ATMs at 7 years
(e) Network cabling, Electrical Installations, Furniture and Fixtures, Other Office Machinery at 10 years.
(f) Vehicles at 5 years
(g) Buildings at 60 years.
Fixed assets costing less than '' 5,000 individually are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.
The useful life of an asset class is periodically assessed taking into account various criteria such as changes in technology, changes in business environment, utility and efficacy of an asset class to meet with intended user needs, etc. Whenever there is a revision in the estimated useful life of an asset, the unamortised depreciable amount is charged over the revised remaining useful life of the said asset.
Non-banking assets:
Non-Banking Assets (NBAs) acquired in satisfaction of claims are carried at lower of net book value and net realisable value. Further, the Bank creates provision on non-banking assets as per specific RBI directions.
7.4 The carrying amount of fixed assets is reviewed at the Balance Sheet date to determine if there are any indications
of impairment based on internal / external factors. In case of impaired assets, the impairment loss i.e. the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its recoverable value is charged to the Profit and Loss account to the extent the carrying amount of assets exceeds its estimated recoverable amount.
8.1 Interest and discount income on performing assets is recognised on accrual basis. Interest and discount income on non-performing assets is recognised on realisation.
8.2 Interest on Government securities, debentures and other fixed income securities is recognised on a period proportion basis. Income on discounted instruments is recognised over the tenor of the instrument on a Constant Yield to Maturity method.
8.3 Dividend income is accounted on accrual basis when the right to receive dividend is established.
8.4 Commission (except for commission on Deferred Payment Guarantees which is recognised over the term on a straight line basis), Exchange and Brokerage are recognised on a transaction date and net of directly attributable expenses.
8.5 Fees are recognised on an accrual basis when binding obligation to recognise the fees has arisen as per agreement, except in cases where the Bank is uncertain of realisation.
8.6 Income from distribution of third party products is recognised on the basis of business booked.
8.7 The Bank in accordance with RBI circular FIDD.CO.Plan. BC.23/ 04.09.01/2015-16 dated April 7, 2016, trades in priority sector portfolio by selling or buying PSLC. There is no transfer of risks or loan assets in these transactions. The fee paid for purchase of the PSLC is treated as an ''Expense'' and the fee received from the sale of PSLCs is treated as ''Other Income''.
9.1 Lease rental obligations in respect of assets taken on operating lease are charged to the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
9.2 Assets given under leases in respect of which all the risks and benefits of ownership are effectively retained by the Bank are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals received under operating leases are recognized in the Profit and Loss account as per the terms of the contracts.
10.1 The Gratuity scheme of the Bank is a defined benefit scheme and the expense for the year is recognized on the basis of actuarial valuation at the Balance Sheet date. The present value of the obligation under such benefit plan is determined based on independent actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method which recognizes each period of service that gives rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation. Payment obligations under the Group Gratuity scheme are managed through purchase of appropriate policies from insurers.
10.2 Provident Fund contribution, under defined benefit plan is made to trusts separately established for the purpose, when an employee covered under the scheme renders the related service. The rate at which the annual interest is payable to the beneficiaries by the trusts is being administered by the government. The Bank has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investments of the trusts and the notified interest rates. Actuarial valuation of this Provident Fund interest shortfall is done as per the guidance note on Valuation of Interest Rate Guarantees on Exempt Provident Funds under AS 15 (Revised) issued by the Institute of Actuaries of India, and such shortfall, if any, is provided for.
Provident Fund contribution, under defined contribution plan, is made to the scheme administered by Regional Provident Fund Commissioner (RPFC) and is debited to the Profit and Loss Account, when an employee renders the related service. The Bank has no further obligations.
In respect of employees who opted for contribution to the National Pension System (NPS) regulated by the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA), the Bank contributes certain percentage of the basic salary, under a defined contribution plan, to identified pension fund management companies. The Bank has no liability other than its contribution, and recognises such contributions as an expense in the year in which it is incurred.
10.3 Provision for compensated absences is made on the basis of actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The actuarial valuation is carried out using the Projected Unit Credit Method.
10.4 Intrinsic value method is applied to account for the compensation cost of ESOP granted to the employees of the Bank. Intrinsic value is the amount by which the quoted market price of the underlying shares on the grant date exceeds the exercise price of the options. Accordingly, such compensation cost is amortized over the vesting period.
11.1 In accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, the Bank has adopted Segment Reporting as under:
(a) Treasury includes all investment portfolios, Profit / Loss on sale of Investments, Profit / Loss on foreign exchange transactions, equities, income from derivatives and money market operations. The expenses of this segment consist of interest expenses on funds borrowed from external sources as well as internal sources and depreciation / amortisation of premium on Held to Maturity category investments.
(b) Corporate / Wholesale Banking includes lending to and deposits from corporate customers and identified earnings and expenses of the segment.
(c) Retail Banking includes lending to and deposits from retail customers and identified earnings and expenses of the segment.
(d) Other Banking Operations includes all other operations not covered under Treasury, Corporate / Wholesale Banking and Retail Banking.
(e) Unallocated includes Capital and Reserves, Employee Stock Options (Grants) Outstanding and other unallocable assets, liabilities, income and expenses.
12. Debit and Credit Card reward points liability
12.1 The liability towards Credit Card reward points is computed based on an actuarial valuation and the liability towards Debit Card reward points is computed on the basis of management estimates considering past trends.
13.1 The Bank imports bullion including precious metal bars on a consignment basis for selling to its customers. The imports are on a back-to-back basis and are priced to the customer based on the prevailing price quoted by the supplier and the local levies related to the consignment like customs duty, etc. The profit earned is included in commission income.
13.2 The Bank sells gold coins to its customers. The difference between the sale price to customers and purchase price is reflected under commission income.
14.1 Tax expenses comprise of current and deferred taxes. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred taxes reflect the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized, in general, only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized; where there is unabsorbed depreciation and/or carry forward of losses under tax laws, deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax asset can be realized against future taxable income. Unrecognized deferred tax assets of earlier years are re-assessed and recognised to the extent that it has become reasonably certain that future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
15.1 Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the Net Profit or Loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per equity share are computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding as at end of the year.
16. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
16.1 A provision is recognized when there is an obligation as a result of past event, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
16.2 A disclosure of contingent liability is made when there is:
(a) A possible obligation arising from a past event, the existence of which will be confirmed by occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not within the control of the bank; or
(b) A present obligation arising from a past event which is not recognized as it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.
16.3 When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
16.4 Contingent assets are not recognized or disclosed in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the assets and related income are recognized in the period in which the change occurs.
17.1 Cash and cash equivalents comprises of Cash in Hand and Balances with RBI and Balances with Banks and Money at Call and Short Notice.
18. Corporate Social Responsibility
18.1 Expenditure incurred towards corporate social responsibility obligations in accordance with Companies Act, 2013, is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.
1.1 Capital Issue
Under a Preferential Allotment, 4,76,29,768 equity shares of '' 10 each fully paid were allotted on September 2, 2020 to certain Qualified Institutional Buyers and 1,51,17,477 equity shares of '' 10 each fully paid were allotted on September 4, 2020 to other entities including one of the promoters, at a price of '' 524 per equity share, pursuant to the approval of the Finance Committee on the respective dates, in compliance with the resolution carried in the Extraordinary General Meeting held on August 25, 2020 and the applicable laws and regulations. Consequently, the equity share capital of the Bank increased by '' 62.75 crores and share premium account by '' 3,196.39 crores, net of share issue expenses.
In accordance with the Composite Scheme of Arrangement sanctioned by the National Company Law Tribunal vide an order dated June 10, 2019, the Bank had allotted 1,57,70,985 Share Warrants to the Promoters of the Bank on July 6, 2019 at a price of '' 1,709 per Warrant, on receipt of the subscription amount at 25% of the Share Warrant price, amounting to '' 673.82 crores. Each Share Warrant was convertible to one equity share of the Bank fully paid, upon exercise of the option by paying the remaining 75%.
On February 18, 2021, pursuant to approval of the Finance Committee, the Bank allotted 1,57,70,985 equity shares of '' 10 each fully paid by converting these share warrants at a price of '' 1,709 per equity share, upon the promoters exercising the conversion option by remitting the remaining 75% of the Share Warrant Price amounting to '' 2,021.45 crores. Consequently, the share capital of the Bank increased by '' 15.77 crores and share premium by '' 2,679.49 crores.
During the year, 13,18,331 equity shares of '' 10 each fully paid (Previous year 12,31,089 equity shares of '' 10 each fully paid) were allotted on various dates to the employees who exercised their stock options, and consequently, the share capital of the Bank increased by '' 1.32 crores (Previous year '' 1.23 crores) and share premium by '' 53.05 crores (Previous year '' 59.37 crores).
1.2 Capital Adequacy Ratio
The Bank computes Capital Adequacy Ratio as per Basel III Capital Regulations issued by RBI.
Under Basel III Capital Regulations, on an on-going basis, the Bank has to maintain a Minimum Total Capital of 10.875% (Previous year 10.875%) including Capital Conversion Buffer at 1.875% (Previous year 1.875%), of the total risk weighted assets. Out of the Minimum Total Capital, at least 7.375% (Previous year 7.375%) of risk weighted assets, which includes 1.875% (Previous year 1.875%) towards Capital Conservation Buffer, shall be from Common Equity Tier 1 capital and at least 7.00% (Previous year 7.00%) from Tier 1 capital. The capital adequacy ratio of the Bank is set out below:
Mar 31, 2019
1. General
1.1 IndusInd Bank Limited (âthe Bankâ) was incorporated in 1994 under the Companies Act, 1956 and is licensed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to operate as a commercial bank under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. The Bank is publicly held and provides a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail clients besides undertaking treasury operations. The Bank operates in India including at the International Financial Service Centres in India, and does not have a branch in any foreign country.
1.2 The accompanying financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and accrual basis of accounting except where otherwise stated, and in accordance with statutory requirements prescribed under the Banking Regulation Act 1949, circulars and guidelines issued by RBI from time to time (RBI guidelines), accounting standards referred to in Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) and the relevant provisions of the Act read with the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and other relevant provisions of the Companies Act 2013 and Companies (Accounting Standard) Amendment Rules 2016 in so far as they apply to the Bank and practices prevailing within the banking industry in India.
1.3 The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in India requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements. Management believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in current and future periods.
2. Transactions involving Foreign Exchange
2.1 Monetary assets and liabilities of domestic and integral foreign operations denominated in foreign currency are translated at the Balance Sheet date at the closing rates of exchange notified by the Foreign Exchange Dealersâ Association of India (âFEDAIâ) and the resulting gains or losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
2.2 Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.
2.3 Both monetary and non-monetary assets and liabilities of non-integral foreign operations are translated at the Balance Sheet date at the closing rates of exchange notified by the Foreign Exchange Dealersâ Association of India (âFEDAIâ) and the resulting gains or losses are accumulated in the foreign currency translation reserve until disposal of the net investment in the non-integral foreign operation.
2.4 All foreign exchange contracts outstanding at the Balance Sheet date are re-valued on present value basis and the resulting gains or losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
2.5 Swap Cost arising on account of foreign currency swap contracts to convert foreign currency funded liabilities and assets into rupee liabilities and assets is amortised to the Profit and Loss account under the head âInterest -Othersâ over the underlying swap period.
2.6 Income and expenditure of domestic and integral foreign operations denominated in a foreign currency is translated at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction. Income and expenditure of nonintegral foreign operations is translated at quarterly average closing rates.
2.7 Contingent liabilities at the Balance Sheet date on account of outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts, guarantees, acceptances, endorsements and other obligations denominated in a foreign currency are stated at the closing rates of exchange notified by the FEDAI.
3. Investments
Significant accounting policies in accordance with RBI guidelines are as follows:
3.1 Categorisation of Investments
The Bank classifies its investment at the time of purchase into one of the following three categories:
(i) Held to Maturity (HTM) - Securities acquired with the intention to hold till maturity.
(ii) Held for Trading (HFT) - Securities acquired with the intention to trade.
(iii) Available for Sale (AFS) - Securities which do not fall within the above two categories.
Subsequent shifting amongst the categories is done in accordance with RBI guidelines.
3.2 Classification of Investments
For the purpose of disclosure in the Balance Sheet, investments are classified under six groups viz., (i) Government Securities, (ii) Other Approved Securities, (iii) Shares, (iv) Debentures and Bonds, (v) Investments in Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures, and (vi) Other Investments.
3.3 Acquisition cost
(i) Broken period interest on debt instruments is treated as a revenue item.
(ii) Brokerage, commission, etc. pertaining to investments, paid at the time of acquisition is charged to the Profit and Loss account.
(iii) Cost of investments is computed based on the weighted average cost method.
3.4 Valuation of Investments
(i) Held to Maturity - Each security in this category is carried at its acquisition cost. Any premium on acquisition of the security is amortised over the balance period to maturity. The amortized amount is classified under Interest earned - Income on investments (Item II of Schedule 13). The book value of the security is reduced to the extent of amount amortized during the relevant accounting period. Diminution, other than temporary, is determined and provided for each investment individually.
(ii) Held for Trading - Securities are valued scrip-wise and depreciation / appreciation is aggregated for each classification. Net appreciation in each classification is ignored, while net depreciation is provided for.
(iii) Available for Sale - Securities are valued scrip-wise and depreciation / appreciation is aggregated for each classification. Net appreciation in each classification is ignored, while net depreciation is provided for.
(iv) Market value of government securities (excluding treasury bills) is determined on the basis of the prices / YTM published by Financial Benchmark India Private Limited (FBIL).
(v) Treasury bills are valued at carrying cost, which includes discount amortised over the period to maturity.
(vi) Fair value of other debt securities is determined based on the yield curve published by FBIL and credit spreads provided by Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association (FIMMDA).
(vii) Quoted equity shares are valued at lower of cost and the closing price on a recognised stock exchange. Unquoted equity shares are valued at their break-up value or at Re. 1 per company where the latest Balance Sheet is not available.
(viii) Units of the schemes of mutual funds are valued at the lower of cost and Net Asset Value (NAV) provided by the respective schemes of mutual funds.
(ix) Investments in equity shares held as long-term investments by erstwhile IndusInd Enterprises & Finance Limited and Ashok Leyland Finance Limited (since merged with the Bank) are valued at cost and classified as part of HTM category. Provision towards diminution in the value of such long-term investments is made only if the diminution in value is not temporary in the opinion of management.
(x) Security Receipts (SR) are valued at the lower of redemption value and NAV obtained from the Securitisation Company (SC) / Reconstruction Company (RC). In respect of significant investment in SRs backed by stressed assets sold by the Bank, the value is subject to a prudential floor considering the asset classification of the stressed assets, had they remained on the books of the Bank.
(xi) Purchase and sale transaction in securities are recorded under Settlement Date method of accounting, except in the case of the equity shares where Trade Date method of accounting is followed.
(xii) Provision for non-performing investments is made in conformity with RBI guidelines.
(xiii) Repurchase (Repo) and Reverse Repurchase (Reverse Repo) transactions (including transactions under Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) with RBI) are accounted for as collateralised borrowing and lending respectively. On completion of the second leg of the Repo or Reverse Repo transaction, the difference between the consideration amounts is reckoned as Interest Expenditure or Income, as the case may be. Amounts outstanding in Repo and Reverse Repo account as at the Balance Sheet date is shown as part of Borrowings and Money at Call and at Short Notice respectively, and the accrued expenditure and income till the Balance Sheet date is recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
(xiv) In respect of the short sale transactions in Central Government dated securities, the short position is covered by outright purchase of an equivalent amount of the same security within a maximum period of three months including the day of trade. The short position is reflected as the amount received on sale in a separate account and is classified under âOther Liabilitiesâ. The short position is marked to market and loss, if any, is charged to the Profit and Loss account, while gain, if any, is not recognized. Profit or loss on settlement of the short position is recognized in the Profit and Loss account.
(xv) Profit in respect of investments sold from HTM category is included in the Profit on Sale of Investments and an equivalent amount (net of taxes, if any, and net of transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to such profits) is appropriated from the Profit and Loss Appropriation account to Capital Reserve account.
(xvi) In the event, provisions created on account of depreciation in the AFS or HFT categories are found to be in excess of the required amount in any year, the excess is credited to the Profit and Loss account and an equivalent amount (net of taxes, if any, and net of transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to such excess provisions) is appropriated to an Investment Reserve Account (IRA).
The balance in IRA account is used to meet provision on account of depreciation in AFS and HFT categories by transferring an equivalent amount to the Profit and Loss Appropriation account as and when required.
(xvii) Out of net profits earned during the year, transfer is made to Investment Fluctuation Reserve, for an amount not less than the lower of the (a) net profit on sale of investments during the year (b) net profit for the year less mandatory appropriations, till the balance in such Investment Fluctuation Reserve reaches a level of at least 2% of the aggregate HFT and AFS portfolio. Draw down, if any, from the Investment Fluctuation Reserve shall be in accordance with the applicable RBI guidelines.
3.5 Investments in unquoted units of Venture Capital Funds (VCF) and Alternative Investment Funds (AIF) are categorised under HTM category for initial period of three years and valued at cost as per RBI guidelines. Units of VCF and AIF held under AFS category, where current quotations are not available, are marked to market based on the Net Asset Value (NAV) shown by VCF or AIF as per the latest audited financials of the fund. In case the audited financials are not available for a period beyond 18 months, the investments are valued at Re. 1 per VCF or AIF, as the case may be.
4. Derivatives
Derivative contracts are designated as hedging or trading and accounted for as follows:
4.1 The hedging contracts comprise of Forward Rate Agreements, Interest Rate Swaps, and Currency Swaps undertaken to hedge interest rate and currency risk on certain assets and liabilities. The net interest receivable or payable is accounted on an accrual basis over the life of the swaps. However, where the hedge is designated with an asset or liability that is carried at market value or lower of cost and market value, then the hedging instrument is also marked to market with the resulting gain or loss recorded as an adjustment to the market value of designated assets or liabilities.
4.2 The trading contracts comprise of trading in Interest Rate Swaps, Interest Rate Futures and Currency Futures. The gain or loss arising on unwinding or termination of the contracts, is accounted for in the Profit and Loss account. Trading contracts outstanding as at the Balance Sheet date are re-valued at their fair value and resulting gains or losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
4.3 Gains or losses on the termination of hedge swaps is deferred and recognised over the shorter of the remaining life of the hedge swap or the remaining life of the underlying asset or liability.
4.4 Premium paid and received on currency options is accounted when due in the Profit and Loss Account.
4.5 Fair value of derivative is determined with reference to bid / asks quoted market price or by using valuation models. Where the fair value is calculated using valuation models, the methodology is to calculate the expected cash flows under the terms of each specific contract and then discount these values back to the present value. The valuation takes into consideration all relevant market factors (e.g. prices, interest rate, currency exchange rates, volatility, liquidity etc.). Most market parameters are either are directly observable or are implied from instrument prices. The model may perform numerical procedures in the pricing such as interpolation when input values do not directly correspond to the most actively traded market trade parameters.
4.6 Provisioning of overdue customer receivable on derivative contracts is made as per RBI guidelines.
5. Advances
5.1 Advances are classified as per RBI guidelines into standard, sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets after considering subsequent recoveries to date.
5.2 A general provision on standard assets is made in accordance with RBI guidelines. Such provision towards standard assets include a provision made on the standard advances of customers having Unhedged Foreign Currency Exposure (UFCE), which requires an assessment of the UFCE of a customer and estimation of the extent of loss likely to be suffered by the customer on account of the same. In respect of stressed advances which are not yet classified non-performing, contingent provisions are made prudentially. Provision made against standard assets is included in âOther Liabilities and Provisionsâ.
5.3 Specific provisions for non-performing advances and floating provisions are made in conformity with RBI guidelines. In addition, the Bank considers accelerated provisioning based on past experience, evaluation of securities and other related factors.
5.4 For restructured/rescheduled assets, provision is made in accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, which requires the diminution in the fair value of the assets to be provided at the time of restructuring. The restructured accounts are classified in accordance with RBI guidelines, including special dispensation wherever allowed.
5.5 Advances are disclosed in the Balance Sheet, net of specific provisions and interest suspended for non-performing advances, and floating provisions.
5.6 Advances exclude derecognised securitised advances, inter-bank participation certificates issued and bills rediscounted.
5.7 Amounts recovered during the year against bad debts written off in earlier years are recognised in the Profit and Loss account. Provision no longer considered necessary in the context of the current status of the borrower as a performing asset, are written back to the Profit and Loss account to the extent such provisions were charged to the Profit and Loss account.
5.8 Further to the provisions held according to the asset classification status, provision is held in accordance with RBI guidelines for individual country exposures (other than for home country exposure), where the net funded exposure of a country is one percent or more of the total assets. Provision held for country risk is included under âOther Liabilities and Provisionsâ.
6. Securitisation transactions, direct assignments and other transfers
6.1 The Bank transfers its loan receivables both through Direct Assignment route as well as transfer to Special Purpose Vehicles (âSPVâ).
6.2 The securitization transactions are without recourse to the Bank. The transferred loans and such securitized receivables are de-recognized as and when these are sold (true sale criteria being fully met) and the consideration has been received by the Bank. Gains or losses are recognized only if the Bank surrenders the rights to the benefits specified in the loan contracts.
6.3 In terms of RBI guidelines, profit or premium arising on account of sale of standard assets, being the difference between the sale consideration and book value, is amortized over the life of the securities issued by the Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV). Any loss arising on account of the sale is recognized in the Profit and Loss account in the period in which the sale occurs.
6.4 In case of sale of non-performing assets through securitization route to Securitisation Company or Asset Reconstruction Company by way of assignment of debt against issuance of Security Receipts (SR), the recognition of sale and accounting of profit and loss thereon is done in accordance with applicable RBI guidelines. Generally, the sale is recognized at the lower of redemption value of SR and the Net Book Value (NBV) of the financial asset sold, and the surplus is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account; shortfall if any, is charged to the Profit and Loss account subject to regulatory forbearance, if any, allowed from time to time. Profit or loss realized on ultimate redemption of the SR is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.
6.5 The Bank transfers advances through inter-bank participation with and without risk. In accordance with the RBI guidelines, in the case of participation with risk, the aggregate amount of the participation issued by the Bank is reduced from advances and where the Bank is participating, the aggregate amount of the participation is classified under advances. In the case of participation without risk, the aggregate amount of participation issued by the Bank is classified under borrowings and where the Bank is participating, the aggregate amount of participation is shown as due from banks under advances.
7. Property, Plant and Equipment
7.1 Fixed assets are stated at cost (except in the case of premises which were re-valued based on values determined by approved valuers) less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Cost includes incidental expenditure incurred on the assets before they are ready for intended use.
7.2 The appreciation on account of revaluation is credited to Revaluation Reserve. Depreciation relating to revaluation is adjusted against the Revaluation Reserve.
7.3 Depreciation, including amortisation of intangible assets, is provided over the useful life of the assets, pro rata for the period of use, on a straight-line method. The useful life estimates prescribed in Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 are generally adhered to, except in respect of asset classes where, based on technical evaluation, a different estimate of useful life is considered suitable. Pursuant to this policy, the useful life estimates in respect of the following assets are as follows:
(a) Computers at 3 years
(b) Application software and perpetual software licences at 5 years
(c) Printers, Scanners, Routers, Switch at 5 years
(d) ATMs at 7 years
(e) Network cabling, Electrical Installations, Furniture and Fixtures, Other Office Machinery at 10 years.
(f) Vehicles at 5 years
(g) Buildings at 60 years.
The useful life of an asset class is periodically assessed taking into account various criteria such as changes in technology, changes in business environment, utility and efficacy of an asset class to meet with intended user needs, etc. Whenever there is a revision in the estimated useful life of an asset, the unamortised depreciable amount is charged over the revised remaining useful life of the said asset.
7.4 The carrying amount of fixed assets is reviewed at the Balance Sheet date to determine if there are any indications of impairment based on internal / external factors. In case of impaired assets, the impairment loss i.e. the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its recoverable value is charged to the Profit and Loss account to the extent the carrying amount of assets exceeds its estimated recoverable amount.
8. Revenue Recognition
8.1 Interest and discount income on performing assets is recognised on accrual basis. Interest and discount income on non-performing assets is recognised on realisation.
8.2 Interest on Government securities, debentures and other fixed income securities is recognised on a period proportion basis. Income on discounted instruments is recognised over the tenor of the instrument on a Constant Yield to Maturity method.
8.3 Dividend income is accounted on accrual basis when the right to receive dividend is established.
8.4 Commission (except for commission on Deferred Payment Guarantees which is recognised over the term on a straight line basis), Exchange and Brokerage are recognised on a transaction date and net of directly attributable expenses.
8.5 Fees are recognised on an accrual basis when binding obligation to recognise the fees has arisen as per agreement, except in cases where the Bank is uncertain of realisation.
8.6 Income from distribution of third party products is recognised on the basis of business booked.
8.7 The Bank in accordance with RBI circular FIDD.CO.Plan. BC.23/ 04.09.01/2015-16 dated April 7, 2016, trades in priority sector portfolio by selling or buying PSLC. There is no transfer of risks or loan assets in these transactions. The fee paid for purchase of the PSLC is treated as an âExpenseâ and the fee received from the sale of PSLCs is treated as âOther Incomeâ.
9. Operating Leases
9.1 Lease rental obligations in respect of assets taken on operating lease are charged to the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
9.2 Assets given under leases in respect of which all the risks and benefits of ownership are effectively retained by the Bank are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals received under operating leases are recognized in the Profit and Loss account as per the terms of the contracts.
10. Employee Benefits
10.1 The Gratuity scheme of the Bank is a defined benefit scheme and the expense for the year is recognized on the basis of actuarial valuation at the Balance Sheet date. The present value of the obligation under such benefit plan is determined based on independent actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method which recognizes each period of service that gives rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation. Payment obligations under the Group Gratuity scheme are managed through purchase of appropriate policies from insurers.
10.2 Provident Fund contributions, under defined benefit plan are made under trusts separately established for the purpose and the scheme administered by Regional Provident Fund Commissioner (RPFC), as applicable. The rate at which the annual interest is payable to the beneficiaries by the trusts is being administered by the government. The Bank has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investments of the trusts and the notified interest rates. Actuarial valuation of this Provident Fund interest shortfall is done as per the guidance note on Valuation of Interest Rate Guarantees on Exempt Provident Funds under AS 15 (Revised) issued by the Institute of Actuaries of India, and such shortfall, if any, is provided for.
Provident Fund contributions, under defined contribution plan, as required by the statute made to the government provident fund or to a fund set up by the Bank and administered by a board of trustees is debited to the Profit and Loss Account when an employee renders the related service. The Bank has no further obligations.
10.3 Provision for compensated absences is made on the basis of actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The actuarial valuation is carried out using the Projected Unit Credit Method.
10.4 Intrinsic value method is applied to account for the compensation cost of ESOP granted to the employees of the Bank. Intrinsic value is the amount by which the quoted market price of the underlying shares on the grant date exceeds the exercise price of the options. Accordingly, such compensation cost is amortized over the vesting period.
11. Segment Reporting
11.1 In accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, the Bank has adopted Segment Reporting as under:
(a) Treasury includes all investment portfolios, Profit / Loss on sale of Investments, Profit / Loss on foreign exchange transactions, equities, income from derivatives and money market operations. The expenses of this segment consist of interest expenses on funds borrowed from external sources as well as internal sources and depreciation / amortisation of premium on Held to Maturity category investments.
(b) Corporate / Wholesale Banking includes lending to and deposits from corporate customers and identified earnings and expenses of the segment.
(c) Retail Banking includes lending to and deposits from retail customers and identified earnings and expenses of the segment.
(d) Other Banking Operations includes all other operations not covered under Treasury, Corporate / Wholesale Banking and Retail Banking.
(e) Unallocated includes Capital and Reserves, Employee Stock Options (Grants) Outstanding and other unallocable assets, liabilities, income and expenses.
12. Debit and Credit Card reward points liability
12.1 The liability towards Credit Card reward points is computed based on an actuarial valuation and the liability towards Debit Card reward points is computed on the basis of management estimates considering past trends.
13. Bullion
13.1 The Bank imports bullion including precious metal bars on a consignment basis for selling to its customers. The imports are on a back-to-back basis and are priced to the customer based on the prevailing price quoted by the supplier and the local levies related to the consignment like customs duty, etc. The profit earned is included in commission income.
13.2 The Bank sells gold coins to its customers. The difference between the sale price to customers and purchase price is reflected under commission income.
14. Income-tax
14.1 Tax expenses comprise of current and deferred taxes. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred taxes reflect the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized, in general, only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized; where there is unabsorbed depreciation and/or carry forward of losses under tax laws, deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax asset can be realized against future taxable income. Unrecognized deferred tax assets of earlier years are re-assessed and recognised to the extent that it has become reasonably certain that future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
15. Earnings per share
15.1 Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the Net Profit or Loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per equity share are computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding as at end of the year.
16. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
16.1 A provision is recognized when there is an obligation as a result of past event, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
16.2 A disclosure of contingent liability is made when there is:
(a) A possible obligation arising from a past event, the existence of which will be confirmed by occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not within the control of the bank; or
(b) A present obligation arising from a past event which is not recognized as it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.
16.3 When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
16.4 Contingent assets are not recognized or disclosed in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the assets and related income are recognized in the period in which the change occurs.
17. Cash and Cash equivalents
17.1 Cash and cash equivalents comprises of Cash in Hand and Balances with RBI and Balances with Banks and Money at Call and Short Notice.
18. Corporate Social Responsibility
18.1 Expenditure incurred towards corporate social responsibility obligations in accordance with Companies Act, 2013, is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.
Mar 31, 2018
1. General
1.1 IndusInd Bank Limited (âthe Bankâ) was incorporated in 1994 under the Companies Act, 1956 and is licensed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to operate as a commercial bank under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. The Bank is publicly held and provides a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail clients besides undertaking treasury operations. The Bank operates in India including at the International Financial Service Centres in India, and does not have a branch in any foreign country.
1.2 The accompanying financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention except where otherwise stated, and in accordance with statutory requirements prescribed under the Banking Regulation Act 1949, circulars and guidelines issued by RBI from time to time (RBI guidelines), accounting standards referred to in Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) and practices prevailing within the banking industry in India.
1.3 The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in India requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements. Management believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized prospectively in current and future periods.
2. Transactions involving Foreign Exchange
2.1 Monetary assets and liabilities of domestic and integral foreign operations denominated in foreign currency are translated at the Balance Sheet date at the closing rates of exchange notified by the Foreign Exchange Dealersâ Association of India (âFEDAIâ) and the resulting gains or losses are recognized in the Profit and Loss account.
2.2 Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.
2.3 Both monetary and non-monetary assets and liabilities of non-integral foreign operations are translated at the Balance Sheet date at the closing rates of exchange notified by the Foreign Exchange Dealersâ Association of India (âFEDAIâ) and the resulting gains or losses are accumulated in the foreign currency translation reserve until disposal of the net investment in the non-integral foreign operation.
2.4 All foreign exchange contracts outstanding at the Balance Sheet date are re-valued on present value basis and the resulting gains or losses are recognized in the Profit and Loss account.
2.5 Swap Cost arising on account of foreign currency swap contracts to convert foreign currency funded liabilities and assets into rupee liabilities and assets is amortized to the Profit and Loss account under the head âInterest -Othersâ over the underlying swap period.
2.6 Income and expenditure of domestic and integral foreign operations denominated in a foreign currency is translated at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction. Income and expenditure of nonintegral foreign operations is translated at quarterly average closing rates.
2.7 Contingent liabilities at the Balance Sheet date on account of outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts, guarantees, acceptances, endorsements and other obligations denominated in a foreign currency are stated at the closing rates of exchange notified by the FEDAI.
3. Investments
Significant accounting policies in accordance with RBI guidelines are as follows:
3.1 Categorisation of Investments
The Bank classifies its investment at the time of purchase into one of the following three categories:
(i) Held to Maturity (HTM) - Securities acquired with the intention to hold till maturity.
(ii) Held for Trading (HFT) - Securities acquired with the intention to trade.
(iii) Available for Sale (AFS) - Securities which do not fall within the above two categories.
Subsequent shifting amongst the categories is done in accordance with RBI guidelines.
3.2 Classification of Investments
For the purpose of disclosure in the Balance Sheet, investments are classified under six groups viz., (i) Government Securities, (ii) Other Approved Securities, (iii) Shares, (iv) Debentures and Bonds, (v) Investments in Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures, and (vi) Other Investments.
3.3 Acquisition cost
(i) Broken period interest on debt instruments is treated as a revenue item.
(ii) Brokerage, commission, etc. pertaining to investments, paid at the time of acquisition is charged to the Profit and Loss account.
(iii) Cost of investments is computed based on the weighted average cost method.
3.4 Valuation of Investments
(i) Held to Maturity - Each security in this category is carried at its acquisition cost. Any premium on acquisition of the security is amortized over the balance period to maturity. The amortized amount is classified under Interest earned - Income on investments (Item II of Schedule 13). The book value of the security is reduced to the extent of amount amortized during the relevant accounting period. Diminution, other than temporary, is determined and provided for each investment individually.
(ii) Held for Trading - Securities are valued scrip-wise and depreciation / appreciation is aggregated for each classification. Net appreciation in each classification is ignored, while net depreciation is provided for.
(iii) Available for Sale - Securities are valued scrip-wise and depreciation / appreciation is aggregated for each classification. Net appreciation in each classification is ignored, while net depreciation is provided for.
(iv) Market value of government securities (excluding treasury bills) is determined on the basis of the prices / YTM published by Financial Benchmark India Private Limited (FBIL).
(v) Treasury bills are valued at carrying cost, which includes discount amortized over the period to maturity.
(vi) Fair value of other debt securities is determined based on the yield curve published by FBIL and credit spreads provided by Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association (FIMMDA).
(vii) Quoted equity shares are valued at lower of cost and the closing price on a recognized stock exchange. Unquoted equity shares are valued at their break-up value or at Rs.1 per company where the latest Balance Sheet is not available.
(viii) Units of the schemes of mutual funds are valued at the lower of cost and Net Asset Value (NAV) provided by the respective schemes of mutual funds.
(ix) Investments in equity shares held as long-term investments by erstwhile IndusInd Enterprises & Finance Limited and Ashok Leyland Finance Limited (since merged with the Bank) are valued at cost and classified as part of HTM category. Provision towards diminution in the value of such long-term investments is made only if the diminution in value is not temporary in the opinion of management.
(x) Security Receipts (SR) are valued at the lower of redemption value and NAV obtained from the Securitisation Company (SC) / Reconstruction Company (RC). In respect of significant investment in SRs backed by stressed assets sold by the Bank, the value is subject to a prudential floor considering the asset classification of the stressed assets, had they remained on the books of the Bank.
(xi) Purchase and sale transaction in securities are recorded under Settlement Date method of accounting, except in the case of the equity shares where Trade Date method of accounting is followed.
(xii) Provision for non-performing investments is made in conformity with RBI guidelines.
(xiii) Repurchase (Repo) and Reverse Repurchase (Reverse Repo) transactions (including transactions under Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) with RBI) are accounted for as collateralised borrowing and lending respectively. On completion of the second leg of the Repo or Reverse Repo transaction, the difference between the consideration amounts is reckoned as Interest Expenditure or Income, as the case may be. Amounts outstanding in Repo and Reverse Repo account as at the Balance Sheet date is shown as part of Borrowings and Money at Call and at Short Notice respectively, and the accrued expenditure and income till the Balance Sheet date is recognized in the Profit and Loss account.
(xiv) In respect of the short sale transactions in Central Government dated securities, the short position is covered by outright purchase of an equivalent amount of the same security within a maximum period of three months including the day of trade. The short position is reflected as the amount received on sale in a separate account and is classified under âOther Liabilitiesâ. The short position is marked to market and loss, if any, is charged to the Profit and Loss account, while gain, if any, is not recognized. Profit or loss on settlement of the short position is recognized in the Profit and Loss account.
(xv) Profit in respect of investments sold from HTM category is included in the Profit on Sale of Investments and an equivalent amount (net of taxes, if any, and net of transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to such profits) is appropriated from the Profit and Loss Appropriation account to Capital Reserve account.
(xvi) In the event, provisions created on account of depreciation in the AFS or HFT categories are found to be in excess of the required amount in any year, the excess is credited to the Profit and Loss account and an equivalent amount (net of taxes, if any, and net of transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to such excess provisions) is appropriated to an Investment Reserve Account (IRA).
The balance in IRA account is used to meet provision on account of depreciation in AFS and HFT categories by transferring an equivalent amount to the Profit and Loss Appropriation account as and when required.
3.5 Investments in unquoted units of Venture Capital Funds (VCF) and Alternative Investment Funds (AIF) are categorised under HTM category for initial period of three years and valued at cost as per RBI guidelines. Units of VCF and AIF held under AFS category, where current quotations are not available, are marked to market based on the Net Asset Value (NAV) shown by VCF or AIF as per the latest audited financials of the fund. In case the audited financials are not available for a period beyond 18 months, the investments are valued at Rs.1 per VCF or AIF, as the case may be.
4. Derivatives
Derivative contracts are designated as hedging or trading and accounted for as follows:
4.1 The hedging contracts comprise of Forward Rate Agreements, Interest Rate Swaps, and Currency Swaps undertaken to hedge interest rate and currency risk on certain assets and liabilities. The net interest receivable or payable is accounted on an accrual basis over the life of the swaps. However, where the hedge is designated with an asset or liability that is carried at market value or lower of cost and market value, then the hedging instrument is also marked to market with the resulting gain or loss recorded as an adjustment to the market value of designated assets or liabilities.
4.2 The trading contracts comprise of trading in Interest Rate Swaps, Interest Rate Futures and Currency Futures. The gain or loss arising on unwinding or termination of the contracts, is accounted for in the Profit and Loss account. Trading contracts outstanding as at the Balance Sheet date are re-valued at their fair value and resulting gains or losses are recognized in the Profit and Loss account.
4.3 Gains or losses on the termination of hedge swaps is deferred and recognized over the shorter of the remaining life of the hedge swap or the remaining life of the underlying asset or liability.
4.4 Premium paid and received on currency options is accounted when due in the Profit and Loss Account.
4.5 Fair value of derivative is determined with reference to bid / asks quoted market price or by using valuation models. Where the fair value is calculated using valuation models, the methodology is to calculate the expected cash flows under the terms of each specific contract and then discount these values back to the present value. The valuation takes into consideration all relevant market factors (e.g. prices, interest rate, currency exchange rates, volatility, liquidity etc.). Most market parameters are either are directly observable or are implied from instrument prices. The model may perform numerical procedures in the pricing such as interpolation when input values do not directly correspond to the most actively traded market trade parameters.
4.6 Provisioning of overdue customer receivable on derivative contracts is made as per RBI guidelines.
5. Advances
5.1 Advances are classified as per RBI guidelines into standard, sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets after considering subsequent recoveries to date.
5.2 Specific provisions for non-performing advances and floating provisions are made in conformity with RBI guidelines. In addition the Bank considers accelerated provisioning based on past experience, evaluation of securities and other related factors.
5.3 A general provision on standard assets is made in accordance with RBI guidelines. Provision made against standard assets is included in âOther Liabilities and Provisionsâ.
5.4 Advances are disclosed in the Balance Sheet, net of provisions and interest suspended for non-performing advances, and floating provisions.
5.5 Advances exclude derecognized securitised advances, inter-bank participation certificates issued and bills rediscounted.
5.6 Amounts recovered during the year against bad debts written off in earlier years are recognized in the Profit and Loss account.
5.7 Provision no longer considered necessary in the context of the current status of the borrower as a performing asset, are written back to the Profit and Loss account to the extent such provisions were charged to the Profit and Loss account.
5.8 For restructured / rescheduled assets, provision is made in accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, which requires the diminution in the fair value of the assets to be provided at the time of restructuring. The restructured accounts are classified in accordance with RBI guidelines, including special dispensation wherever allowed.
6. Securitisation transactions and direct assignments
6.1 The Bank transfers its loan receivables both through Direct Assignment route as well as transfer to Special Purpose Vehicles (âSPVâ).
6.2 The securitisation transactions are without recourse to the Bank. The transferred loans and such securitised receivables are de-recognized as and when these are sold (true sale criteria being fully met) and the consideration has been received by the Bank. Gains or losses are recognized only if the Bank surrenders the rights to the benefits specified in the loan contracts.
6.3 In terms of RBI guidelines, profit or premium arising on account of sale of standard assets, being the difference between the sale consideration and book value, is amortized over the life of the securities issued by the Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV). Any loss arising on account of the sale is recognized in the Profit and Loss account in the period in which the sale occurs.
6.4 In case of sale of non-performing assets through securitisation route to Securitisation Company or Asset Reconstruction Company by way of assignment of debt against issuance of Security Receipts (SR), the recognition of sale and accounting of profit and loss thereon is done in accordance with applicable RBI guidelines. Generally, the sale is recognized at the lower of redemption value of SR and the Net Book Value (NBV) of the financial asset sold, and the surplus is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account; shortfall if any, is charged to the Profit and Loss account subject to regulatory forbearance, if any, allowed from time to time. Profit or loss realized on ultimate redemption of the SR is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.
7. Property, Plant and Equipment
7.1 Fixed assets are stated at cost (except in the case of premises which were re-valued based on values determined by approved valuers) less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Cost includes incidental expenditure incurred on the assets before they are ready for intended use.
7.2 The appreciation on account of revaluation is credited to Revaluation Reserve. Depreciation relating to revaluation is adjusted against the Revaluation Reserve.
7.3 Depreciation is provided over the useful life of the assets, pro rata for the period of use, on a straight-line method. The useful life estimates prescribed in Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 are generally adhered to, except in respect of asset classes where, based on technical evaluation, a different estimate of useful life is considered suitable. Pursuant to this policy, the useful life estimates in respect of the following assets are as follows:
(a) Computers at 3 years
(b) Application software and perpetual software licences at 5 years
(c) Printers, Scanners, Routers, Switch at 5 years
(d) ATMs at 7 years
(e) Network cabling, Electrical Installations, Furniture and Fixtures, Other Office Machinery at 10 years
(f) Vehicles at 5 years
(g) Buildings at 60 years
The useful life of an asset class is periodically assessed taking into account various criteria such as changes in technology, changes in business environment, utility and efficacy of an asset class to meet with intended user needs, etc. Whenever there is a revision in the estimated useful life of an asset, the unamortized depreciable amount is charged over the revised remaining useful life of the said asset.
7.4 The carrying amount of fixed assets is reviewed at the Balance Sheet date to determine if there are any indications of impairment based on internal / external factors. In case of impaired assets, the impairment loss i.e. the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its recoverable value is charged to the Profit and Loss account to the extent the carrying amount of assets exceeds its estimated recoverable amount.
8. Revenue Recognition
8.1 Interest and discount income on performing assets is recognized on accrual basis. Interest and discount income on non-performing assets is recognized on realisation.
8.2 Interest on Government securities, debentures and other fixed income securities is recognized on a period proportion basis. Income on discounted instruments is recognized over the tenor of the instrument on a Constant Yield to Maturity method.
8.3 Dividend income is accounted on accrual basis when the right to receive dividend is established.
8.4 Commission (except for commission on Deferred Payment Guarantees which is recognized over the term on a straight line basis), Exchange and Brokerage are recognized on a transaction date and net of directly attributable expenses.
8.5 Fees are recognized on an accrual basis when binding obligation to recognise the fees has arisen as per agreement, except in cases where the Bank is uncertain of realisation.
8.6 Income from distribution of third party products is recognized on the basis of business booked.
9. Operating Leases
9.1 Lease rental obligations in respect of assets taken on operating lease are charged to the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
9.2 Assets given under leases in respect of which all the risks and benefits of ownership are effectively retained by the Bank are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals received under operating leases are recognized in the Profit and Loss account as per the terms of the contracts.
10. Employee Benefits
10.1 The Gratuity scheme of the Bank is a defined benefit scheme and the expense for the year is recognized on the basis of actuarial valuation at the Balance Sheet date. The present value of the obligation under such benefit plan is determined based on independent actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method which recognizes each period of service that gives rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation. Payment obligations under the Group Gratuity scheme are managed through purchase of appropriate policies from insurers.
10.2 Provident Fund contributions are made under trusts separately established for the purpose and the scheme administered by Regional Provident Fund Commissioner (RPFC), as applicable. The rate at which the annual interest is payable to the beneficiaries by the trusts is being administered by the government. The Bank has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investments of the trusts and the notified interest rates. Actuarial valuation of this Provident Fund interest shortfall is done as per the guidance note on Valuation of Interest Rate Guarantees on Exempt Provident Funds under AS 15 (Revised) issued by the Institute of Actuaries of India, and such shortfall, if any, is provided for.
10.3 Provision for compensated absences is made on the basis of actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The actuarial valuation is carried out using the Projected Unit Credit Method.
10.4 Intrinsic value method is applied to account for the compensation cost of ESOP granted to the employees of the Bank. Intrinsic value is the amount by which the quoted market price of the underlying shares on the grant date exceeds the exercise price of the options. Accordingly, such compensation cost is amortized over the vesting period.
11. Segment Reporting
11.1 In accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, the Bank has adopted Segment Reporting as under:
(a) Treasury includes all investment portfolios, Profit / Loss on sale of Investments, Profit / Loss on foreign exchange transactions, equities, income from derivatives and money market operations. The expenses of this segment consist of interest expenses on funds borrowed from external sources as well as internal sources and depreciation / amortisation of premium on Held to Maturity category investments.
(b) Corporate / Wholesale Banking includes lending to and deposits from corporate customers and identified earnings and expenses of the segment.
(c) Retail Banking includes lending to and deposits from retail customers and identified earnings and expenses of the segment.
(d) Other Banking Operations includes all other operations not covered under Treasury, Corporate / Wholesale Banking and Retail Banking.
Unallocated includes Capital and Reserves, Employee Stock Options (Grants) Outstanding and other unallocable assets, liabilities, income and expenses.
12. Debit and Credit Card reward points liability
12.1 The liability towards Credit Card reward points is computed based on an actuarial valuation and the liability towards Debit Card reward points is computed on the basis of management estimates considering past trends.
13. Bullion
13.1 The Bank imports bullion including precious metal bars on a consignment basis for selling to its customers, The imports are on a back-to-back basis and are priced to the customer based on the prevailing price quoted by the supplier and the local levies related to the consignment like customs duty, etc. The profit earned is included in commission income.
13.2 The Bank sells gold coins to its customers, The difference between the sale price to customers and purchase price is reflected under commission income.
14. Income-tax
14.1 Tax expenses comprise of current and deferred taxes. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred taxes reflect the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years, Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized, in general, only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized; where there are unabsorbed depreciation and / or carry forward of losses under tax laws, deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax asset can be realized against future taxable income. Unrecognized deferred tax assets of earlier years are re-assessed and recognized to the extent that it has become reasonably certain that future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
15. Earnings per share
15.1 Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the Net Profit or Loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per equity share are computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding as at end of the year.
16. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
16.1 A provision is recognized when there is an obligation as a result of past event, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
16.2 A disclosure of contingent liability is made when there is:
(a) A possible obligation arising from a past event, the existence of which will be confirmed by occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not within the control of the bank; or
(b) A present obligation arising from a past event which is not recognized as it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.
16.3 When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
16.4 Contingent assets are not recognized or disclosed in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the assets and related income are recognized in the period in which the change occurs.
17. Cash and Cash equivalents
17.1 Cash and cash equivalents comprises of Cash in Hand and Balances with RBI and Balances with Banks and Money at Call and Short Notice.
Mar 31, 2017
Significant Accounting Policies
1. General
1.1 Induslnd Bank Limited (âthe Bankâ) was incorporated in 1994 under the Companies Act. 1956 and is licensed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to operate as a commercial bank under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. The Bank is publicly held and provides a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail clients besides undertaking treasury operations. The Bank operates in India including at the International Financial Service Centres in India. and does not have a branch in any foreign country.
1.2 The accompanying financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention except where otherwise stated. and in accordance with statutory requirements prescribed under the Banking Regulation Act. 1949. circulars and guidelines issued by RBI from time to time (RBI guidelines). accounting standards referred to in Section 133 of the Companies Act. 2013 (the Act) and practices prevailing within the banking industry in India.
1.3 The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in India requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial statements. Management believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized prospectively in current and future periods.
2. Transactions involving Foreign Exchange
2.1 Monetary assets and liabilities of domestic and integral foreign operations denominated in foreign currency are translated at the Balance Sheet date at the closing rates of exchange notified by the Foreign Exchange Dealersâ Association of India (âFEDAIâ) and the resulting gains or losses are recognized in the Profit and Loss account.
2.2 Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.
2.3 Both monetary and non-monetary assets and liabilities of non-integral foreign operations are translated at the Balance Sheet date at the closing rates of exchange notified by the Foreign Exchange Dealersâ Association of India (âFEDAIâ) and the resulting gains or losses are accumulated in the foreign currency translation reserve until disposal of the net investment in the non-integral foreign operation.
2.4 All foreign exchange contracts outstanding at the Balance Sheet date are re-valued on present value basis and the resulting gains or losses are recognized in the Profit and Loss account.
2.5 Swap Cost arising on account of foreign currency swap contracts to convert foreign currency funded liabilities and assets into rupee liabilities and assets is amortized to the Profit and Loss account under the head âInterest - Othersâ over the underlying swap period.
2.6 Income and expenditure of domestic and integral foreign operations denominated in a foreign currency is translated at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction. Income and expenditure of non-integral foreign operations is translated at quarterly average closing rates.
2.7 Contingent liabilities at the Balance Sheet date on account of outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts. guarantees. acceptances. endorsements and other obligations denominated in a foreign currency are stated at the closing rates of exchange notified by the FEDAI.
3. Investments
Significant accounting policies in accordance with RBI guidelines are as follows:
3.1 Categorization of Investments:
The Bank classifies its investment at the time of purchase into one of the following three categories:
(i) Held to Maturity (HTM) - Securities acquired with the intention to hold till maturity.
(ii) Held for Trading (HFT) - Securities acquired with the intention to trade.
(iii) Available for Sale (AFS) - Securities which do not fall within the above two categories.
Subsequent shifting amongst the categories is done in accordance with RBI guidelines.
3.2 Classification of Investments:
For the purpose of disclosure in the Balance Sheet, investments are classified under six groups viz.,
(i) Government Securities. (ii) Other Approved Securities. (iii) Shares. (iv) Debentures and Bonds. (v)
Investments in Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures. and (vi) Other Investments.
3.3 Acquisition cost:
(i) Broken period interest on debt instruments is treated as a revenue item.
(ii) Brokerage. commission. etc. pertaining to investments. paid at the time of acquisition is charged to the Profit and Loss account.
(iii) Cost of investments is computed based on the weighted average cost method.
3.4 Valuation of Investments:
(i) Held to Maturity - Each security in this category is carried at its acquisition cost. Any premium on acquisition of the security is amortized over the balance period to maturity. The amortized amount is classified under Interest earned - Income on investments (Item II of Schedule 13). The book value of the security is reduced to the extent of amount amortized during the relevant accounting period. Diminution. other than temporary. is determined and provided for each investment individually.
(ii) Held for Trading - Securities are valued scrip-wise and depreciation / appreciation is aggregated for each classification. Net appreciation in each classification is ignored, while net depreciation is provided for.
(iii) Available for Sale - Securities are valued scrip-wise and depreciation / appreciation is aggregated for each classification. Net appreciation in each classification, is ignored, while net depreciation is provided for.
(iv) Market value of government securities (excluding treasury bills) is determined on the basis of the prices / YTM declared by Primary Dealers Association of India (PDAI) jointly with Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association (FIMMDA).
(v) Treasury bills are valued at carrying cost. which includes discount amortized over the period to maturity.
(vi) Fair value of other debt securities is determined based on the yield curve and spreads provided by FIMMDA.
(vii) Quoted equity shares are valued at lower of cost and the closing price on a recognized stock exchange. Unquoted equity shares are valued at their break-up value or at '' 1/- per company where the latest Balance Sheet is not available.
(viii) Units of the schemes of mutual funds are valued at the lower of cost and Net Asset Value (NAV) provided by the respective schemes of mutual funds.
(ix) Investments in equity shares held as long-term investments by erstwhile IndusInd Enterprises & Finance Limited and Ashok Leyland Finance Limited (since merged with the Bank) are valued at cost and classified as part of HTM category. Provision towards diminution in the value of such long-term investments is made only if the diminution in value is not temporary in the opinion of management.
(x) Security Receipts (SR) are valued at the lower of redemption value and NAV obtained from the Securitization Company (SC) / Reconstruction Company (RC).
(xi) Purchase and sale transaction in securities are recorded under Settlement Date method of accounting. except in the case of the equity shares where Trade Date method of accounting is followed.
(xii) Provision for non-performing investments is made in conformity with RBI guidelines.
(xiii) Repurchase (Repo) and Reverse Repurchase (Reverse Repo) transactions (including transactions under Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) with RBI) are accounted for as collateralized borrowing and lending respectively. On completion of the second leg of the Repo or Reverse Repo transaction. the difference between the consideration amounts is reckoned as Interest Expenditure or Income. as the case may be. Amounts outstanding in Repo and Reverse Repo account as at the Balance Sheet date is shown as part of Borrowings and Money at Call and at Short Notice respectively. and the accrued expenditure and income till the Balance Sheet date is recognized in the Profit and Loss account.
(xiv) In respect of the short sale transactions in Central Government dated securities. the short position is covered by outright purchase of an equivalent amount of the same security within a maximum period of three months including the day of trade. The short position is reflected as the amount received on sale in a separate account and is classified under âOther Liabilitiesâ. The short position is marked to market and loss, if any, is charged to the Profit and Loss account, while gain, if any, is not recognized. Profit / loss on settlement of the short position is recognized in the Profit and Loss account.
(xv) Profit in respect of investments sold from HTM category is included in the Profit on Sale of Investments and an equivalent amount (net of taxes. if any. and net of transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to such profits) is appropriated from the Profit and Loss Appropriation account to Capital Reserve account.
(xvi) In the event, provisions created on account of depreciation in the AFS or HFT categories are found to be in excess of the required amount in any year, the excess is credited to the Profit and Loss account and an equivalent amount (net of taxes. if any. and net of transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to such excess provisions) is appropriated to an Investment Reserve Account (IRA).
The balance in IRA account is used to meet provision on account of depreciation in AFS and HFT categories by transferring an equivalent amount to the Profit and Loss Appropriation account as and when required.
3.5 Investments in unquoted units of Venture Capital Funds (VCF) are categorized under HTM category for initial period of three years and valued at cost as per RBI guidelines. Units of VCF held under AFS category where current quotations are not available are marked to market based on the Net Asset Value (NAV) shown by VCF as per the latest audited financials of the fund. In case the audited financials are not available for a period beyond 18 months. the investments are valued at '' 1/- per VCF
4. Derivatives
Derivative contracts are designated as hedging or trading and accounted for as follows:
4.1 The hedging contracts comprise of Forward Rate Agreements. Interest Rate Swaps. and Currency Swaps undertaken to hedge interest rate and currency risk on certain assets and liabilities. The net interest receivable / payable is accounted on an accrual basis over the life of the swaps. However, where the hedge is designated with an asset or liability that is carried at market value or lower of cost and market value. then the hedging instrument is also marked to market with the resulting gain or loss recorded as an adjustment to the market value of designated assets or liabilities.
4.2 The trading contracts comprise of trading in Interest Rate Swaps. Interest Rate Futures and Currency Futures. The gain / loss arising on unwinding or termination of the contracts, is accounted for in the Profit and Loss account. Trading contracts outstanding as at the Balance Sheet date are re-valued at their fair value and resulting gains / losses are recognized in the Profit and Loss account.
4.3 Gains or losses on the termination of hedge swaps is deferred and recognized over the shorter of the remaining life of the hedge swap or the remaining life of the underlying asset / liability.
4.4 Premium paid and received on currency options is accounted when due in the Profit and Loss Account.
4.5 Fair value of derivative is determined with reference to bid / asks quoted market price or by using valuation models. Where the fair value is calculated using valuation models. the methodology is to calculate the expected cash flows under the terms of each specific contract and then discount these values back to the present value. The valuation takes into consideration all relevant market factors (e.g. prices. interest rate. currency exchange rates. volatility. liquidity etc.). Most market parameters are either are directly observable or are implied from instrument prices. The model may perform numerical procedures in the pricing such as interpolation when input values do not directly correspond to the most actively traded market trade parameters.
4.6 Provisioning of overdue customer receivable on derivative contracts is made as per RBI guidelines.
5. Advances
5.1 Advances are classified as per RBI guidelines into standard, sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets after considering subsequent recoveries to date.
5.2 Specific provisions for non-performing advances and floating provisions are made in conformity with RBI guidelines. In addition the Bank considers accelerated provisioning based on past experience. evaluation of securities and other related factors.
5.3 A general provision on standard assets is made in accordance with RBI guidelines. Provision made against standard assets is included in âOther Liabilities and Provisionsâ.
5.4 Advances are disclosed in the Balance Sheet. net of provisions and interest suspended for non-performing advances, and floating provisions.
5.5 Advances exclude derecognized securitized advances, inter-bank participation certificates issued and bills rediscounted.
5.6 Amounts recovered during the year against bad debts written off in earlier years are recognized in the Profit and Loss account.
5.7 Provision no longer considered necessary in the context of the current status of the borrower as a performing asset, are written back to the Profit and Loss account to the extent such provisions were charged to the Profit and Loss account.
5.8 For restructured / rescheduled assets. provision is made in accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI. which requires the diminution in the fair value of the assets to be provided at the time of restructuring. The restructured accounts are classified in accordance with RBI guidelines, including special dispensation wherever allowed.
6. Securitization transactions and direct assignments
6.1 The Bank transfers its loan receivables both through Direct Assignment route as well as transfer to Special Purpose Vehicles (âSPVâ).
6.2 The securitization transactions are without recourse to the Bank. The transferred loans and such securitized receivables are de-recognized as and when these are sold (true sale criteria being fully met) and the consideration has been received by the Bank. Gains / losses are recognized only if the Bank surrenders the rights to the benefits specified in the loan contracts.
6.3 In terms of RBI guidelines, profit / premium arising on account of sale of standard assets, being the difference between the sale consideration and book value, is amortized over the life of the securities issued by the Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV). Any loss arising on account of the sale is recognized in the Profit and Loss account in the period in which the sale occurs.
6.4 In case of sale of non-performing assets through securitization route to SC / RC by way of assignment of debt against issuance of SRs, the recognition of sale and accounting of profit and loss thereon is done in accordance with applicable RBI guidelines. Generally. the sale is recognized at the lower of redemption value of SR and the Net Book Value (NBV) of the financial asset sold, and the surplus is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account; shortfall if any, is charged to the Profit and Loss account subject to regulatory forbearance, if any, allowed from time to time. Profit or loss realized on ultimate redemption of the SR is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.
7. Property, Plant and Equipment
7.1 Fixed assets are stated at cost (except in the case of premises which were re-valued based on values determined by approved values) less accumulated depreciation and impairment. if any. Cost includes incidental expenditure incurred on the assets before they are ready for intended use.
7.2 The appreciation on account of revaluation is credited to Revaluation Reserve. Depreciation relating to revaluation is adjusted against the Revaluation Reserve.
7.3 Depreciation is provided over the useful life of the assets. pro rata for the period of use. on a straight-line method. The useful life estimates prescribed in Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act. 2013 are generally adhered to. except in respect of asset classes where. based on technical evaluation. a different estimate of useful life is considered suitable. Pursuant to this policy. the useful life estimates in respect of the following assets are as follows:
(a) Computers at 3 years.
(b) Application software and perpetual software licenses at 5 years.
(c) Printers. Scanners. Routers. Switch at 5 years.
(d) ATMs at 7 years.
(e) Network cabling, Electrical Installations, Furniture and Fixtures, Other Office Machinery at 10 years.
(f) Vehicles at 5 years.
(g) Buildings at 60 years.
The useful life of an asset class is periodically assessed taking into account various criteria such as changes in technology, changes in business environment, utility and efficacy of an asset class to meet with intended user needs. etc. Whenever there is a revision in the estimated useful life of an asset. the unamortized depreciable amount is charged over the revised remaining useful life of the said asset.
7.4 The carrying amount of fixed assets is reviewed at the Balance Sheet date to determine if there are any indications of impairment based on internal / external factors. In case of impaired assets. the impairment loss i.e. the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its recoverable value is charged to the Profit and Loss account to the extent the carrying amount of assets exceeds its estimated recoverable amount.
8. Revenue Recognition
8.1 Interest and discount income on performing assets is recognized on accrual basis. Interest and discount income on non-performing assets is recognized on realization.
8.2 Interest on Government securities, debentures and other fixed income securities is recognized on a period proportion basis. Income on discounted instruments is recognized over the tenor of the instrument on a constant Yield to Maturity method.
8.3 Dividend income is accounted on accrual basis when the right to receive dividend is established.
8.4 Commission (except for commission on Deferred Payment Guarantees which is recognized over the term on a straight line basis). Exchange and Brokerage are recognized on a transaction date and net of directly attributable expenses.
8.5 Fees are recognized on an accrual basis when binding obligation to recognize the fees has arisen as per agreement. except in cases where the Bank is uncertain of realization.
8.6 Income from distribution of third party products is recognized on the basis of business booked.
9. Operating Leases
9.1 Lease rental obligations in respect of assets taken on operating lease are charged to the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
9.2 Assets given under leases in respect of which all the risks and benefits of ownership are effectively retained by the Bank are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals received under operating leases are recognized in the Profit and Loss account as per the terms of the contracts.
10. Employee Benefits
10.1 The Gratuity scheme of the Bank is a defined benefit scheme and the expense for the year is recognized on the basis of actuarial valuation at the Balance Sheet date. The present value of the obligation under such benefit plan is determined based on independent actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method which recognizes each period of service that gives rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation. Payment obligations under the Group Gratuity scheme are managed through purchase of appropriate policies from insurers.
10.2 Provident Fund contributions are made under trusts separately established for the purpose and the scheme administered by Regional Provident Fund Commissioner (RPFC). as applicable. The rate at which the annual interest is payable to the beneficiaries by the trusts is being administered by the government. The Bank has an obligation to make good the shortfall. if any. between the return from the investments of the trusts and the notified interest rates. Actuarial valuation of this Provident Fund Interest shortfall is done as per the guidance note on Valuation of Interest Rate Guarantees on Exempt Provident Funds under AS 15 (Revised) issued by the Institute of Actuaries of India. and such shortfall. if any. is provided for.
10.3 Provision for compensated absences is made on the basis of actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The actuarial valuation is carried out using the Projected Unit Credit Method.
10.4 Intrinsic value method is applied to account for the compensation cost of ESOP granted to the employees of the Bank. Intrinsic value is the amount by which the quoted market price of the underlying shares on the grant date exceeds the exercise price of the options. Accordingly, such compensation cost is amortized over the vesting period.
11. Segment Reporting
In accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI. the Bank has adopted Segment Reporting as under:
(a) Treasury includes all investment portfolios, Profit / Loss on sale of Investments, Profit / Loss on foreign exchange transactions. equities. income from derivatives and money market operations. The expenses of this segment consist of interest expenses on funds borrowed from external sources as well as internal sources and depreciation / amortization of premium on Held to Maturity category investments.
(b) Corporate / Wholesale Banking includes lending to and deposits from corporate customers and identified earnings and expenses of the segment.
(c) Retail Banking includes lending to and deposits from retail customers and identified earnings and expenses of the segment.
(d) Other Banking Operations includes all other operations not covered under Treasury. Corporate / Wholesale Banking and Retail Banking.
Unallocated includes Capital and Reserves. Employee Stock Options (Grants) Outstanding and other unallowable assets. liabilities. income and expenses.
12. Debit and Credit Card reward points liability
The liability towards Credit Card reward points is computed based on an actuarial valuation and the liability towards Debit Card reward points is computed on the basis of management estimates considering past trends.
13. Bullion
13.1 The Bank imports bullion including precious metal bars on a consignment basis for selling to its customers. The imports are on a back-to-back basis and are priced to the customer based on the prevailing price quoted by the supplier and the local levies related to the consignment like customs duty, etc. The profit earned is included in commission income.
13.2 The Bank sells gold coins to its customers. The difference between the sale price to customers and purchase price is reflected under commission income.
14. Income-tax
Tax expenses comprise of current and deferred taxes. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred taxes reflect the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized. in general. only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized; where there are unabsorbed depreciation and / or carry forward of losses under tax laws. deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax asset can be realized against future taxable income. Unrecognized deferred tax assets of earlier years are re-assessed and recognized to the extent that it has become reasonably certain that future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
15. Earnings per share
Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the Net Profit or Loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per equity share are computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding as at end of the year.
16. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
16.1 A provision is recognized when there is an obligation as a result of past event. and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
16.2 A disclosure of contingent liability is made when there is:
(a) A possible obligation arising from a past event, the existence of which will be confirmed by occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not within the control of the bank; or
(b) A present obligation arising from a past event which is not recognized as it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.
16.3 When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote. no provision or disclosure is made.
16.4 Contingent assets are not recognized or disclosed in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the assets and related income are recognized in the period in which the change occurs.
17. Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprises of Cash in Hand and Balances with RBI and Balances with Banks and Money at Call and Short Notice.
1. Capital:
1.1 Capital Issue:
During the year ended March 31. 2017. 31.62.370 equity shares aggregating to '' 96.62 crores were allotted on various dates to the employees who exercised their stock options.
During the year ended March 31, 2016, through a Qualified Institutions Placement (QIP), 5,12,18,640 equity shares of Rs, 10/- each were allotted at a price of Rs, 845.00 per share aggregating to Rs, 4,327.98 crores. Further, the promoters of the Bank were allotted 87,81,360 equity shares of Rs, 10/- each at a price of Rs, 857.20 per share, aggregating to Rs, 752.74 crores through a Preferential Allotment. Besides, 55,36,126 equity shares aggregating to Rs, 95.14 crores were allotted on various dates to the employees who exercised their stock options.
1.2 Capital Adequacy Ratio:
The Bank computes Capital Adequacy Ratio as per Basel III Capital Regulations issued by RBI, which became applicable to the Bank with effect from April 1, 2013.
Under Basel III Capital Regulations, on an on-going basis, the Bank has to maintain a Minimum Total Capital (MTC) of 10.25% (previous year 9.625%) including Capital Conversion Buffer (CCB) at 1.25% (previous year 0.625%), of the total risk weighted assets (RWA). Out of the MTC, at least 6.75% (previous year 6.125%), including 1.25% (previous year 0.625%) towards CCB, shall be from Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital and at least 7.00% (previous year 7.00%) from Tier 1 capital. The capital adequacy ratio of the Bank is set out below:
(1) Does not include amount of securities pledged with Central Counter Parties, viz., Clearing Corporation of India Limited, National Securities Clearing Corporation of India Limited and Multi Commodity Exchange of India Limited.
(2) Excludes investment in equity shares.
(3) Excludes investment in commercial papers, Certificates of Deposit and preference shares acquired by way of conversion of debts.
(4) Amounts reported under columns 4, 5, 6 and 7 are not mutually exclusive.
2.6 Sale / transfer from HTM category:
During the year and the previous year. the value of sales and transfer of securities to / from HTM category. excluding one-time transfer of securities from HTM and sale on account of Open Market Operation (OMO), has not exceeded 5% of the book value of investments held in HTM category at the beginning of the year. As such, in line with RBI guidelines, specific disclosures on book value, market value, and provisions if any, relating to such sale and transfers are not required to be made.
3.3 Disclosures on Risk Exposure in Derivatives:
Derivatives Policy approved by the Board of Directors defines the framework for carrying out derivatives business and lays down policies and processes to measure, monitor and report risk arising from derivative transactions. The policy provides for (a) appropriate risk limits for different derivative products and
Mar 31, 2015
1. General
1.1 Induslnd Bank Limited ('the Bank') was incorporated in 1994
under the Companies Act, 1956 and is licensed by the Reserve Bank of
India (RBI) to operate as a commercial bank under the Banking
Regulation Act, 1949. The Bank is publicly held and provides a wide
range of banking products and financial services to corporate and
retail clients besides undertaking treasury operations. The Bank
operates in India and does not have a branch in any foreign country.
1.2 The accompanying financial statements have been prepared under the
historical cost convention except where otherwise stated, and in
accordance with statutory requirements prescribed under the Banking
Regulation Act, 1949, circulars and guidelines issued by RBI from time
to time (RBI guidelines), accounting standards referred to in Section
133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) and practices prevailing
within the banking industry in India.
1.3 The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles in India requires management
to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and disclosure of contingent
liabilities on the date of the financial statements. Management
believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of
the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Any revision to
accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in current and future
periods.
2. Transactions involving Foreign Exchange
2.1 Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are
translated at the Balance Sheet date at the closing rates of exchange
notified by the Foreign Exchange Dealers' Association of India
('FEDAI') and the resulting gains or losses are recognised in the
Profit and Loss account.
2.2 Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
2.3 All foreign exchange contracts outstanding at the Balance Sheet
date are re-valued on present value basis and the resulting gains or
losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
2.4 Swap Cost arising on account of foreign currency swap contracts to
convert foreign currency funded liabilities and assets into rupee
liabilities and assets is amortised to the Profit and Loss account
under the head 'Interest - Others' over the underlying swap period.
2.5 Income and expenditure denominated in a foreign currency are
translated at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of the
transaction.
2.6 Contingent liabilities at the Balance Sheet date on account of
outstanding forward foreign exchange
contracts, guarantees, acceptances, endorsements and other obligations
denominated in a foreign
currency are stated at the closing rates of exchange notified by the
FEDAI.
3. Investments
Significant accounting policies in accordance with RBI guidelines are
as follows:
3.1 Categorisation of Investments :
The Bank classifies its investment at the time of purchase into one of
the following three categories:
(i) Held to Maturity (HTM) - Securities acquired with the intention to
hold till maturity.
(ii) Held for Trading (HFT) - Securities acquired with the intention to
trade.
(iii) Available for Sale (AFS) - Securities which do not fall within
the above two categories. Subsequent shifting amongst the categories
is done in accordance with RBI guidelines.
3.2 Classification of Investments:
For the purpose of disclosure in the Balance Sheet, investments are
classified under six groups viz.,
(i) Government Securities, (ii) Other Approved Securities, (iii)
Shares, (iv) Debentures and Bonds, (v)
Investments in Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures, and (vi) Other
Investments.
3.3 Acquisition cost
(i) Broken period interest on debt instruments is treated as a revenue
item.
(ii) Brokerage, commission, etc. pertaining to investments, paid at the
time of acquisition is charged to the Profit and Loss account.
(iii) Cost of investments is computed based on the weighted average
cost method.
3.4 Valuation of Investments:
(i) Held to Maturity - Each security in this category is carried at its
acquisition cost. Any premium on acquisition of the security is
amortised over the balance period to maturity. The amortized amount is
classified under Interest earned - Income on investments (Item II of
Schedule 13). The book value of the security is reduced to the extent
of amount amortized during the relevant accounting period. Diminution,
other than temporary, is determined and provided for each investment
individually.
(ii) Held for Trading - Securities are valued scrip-wise and
depreciation / appreciation is aggregated for each classification. Net
appreciation in each classification is ignored, while net depreciation
is provided for.
(iii) Available for Sale - Securities are valued scrip-wise and
depreciation / appreciation is aggregated for each classification. Net
appreciation in each classification, is ignored, while net depreciation
is provided for.
(iv) Market value of government securities (excluding treasury bills)
is determined on the basis of the prices / YTM declared by Primary
Dealers Association of India (PDAI) jointly with Fixed Income Money
Market and Derivatives Association (FIMMDA).
(v) Treasury bills are valued at carrying cost, which includes discount
amortised over the period to maturity.
(vi) Fair value of other debt securities is determined based on the
yield curve and spreads provided by FIMMDA.
(vii) Quoted equity shares are valued at lower of cost or the closing
price on a recognised stock exchange. Unquoted equity shares are
valued at their break-up value or at Re. 1 per company where the latest
Balance Sheet is not available.
(viii) Units of the schemes of mutual funds are valued at the lower of
cost and Net Asset Value (NAV) provided by the respective schemes of
mutual funds.
(ix) Investments in equity shares held as long-term investments by
erstwhile Induslnd Enterprises & Finance Limited and Ashok Leyland
Finance Limited (since merged with the Bank) are valued at cost and
classified as part of HTM category. Provision towards diminution in the
value of such long-term investments is made only if the diminution in
value is not temporary in the opinion of management.
(x) Security Receipts (SR) are valued at the lower of redemption value
or NAV obtained from the Securitisation Company (SC) / Reconstruction
Company (RC).
(xi) Trade date method of accounting is followed for purchase and sale
of investments, except for Government of India and State Government
securities where settlement date method of accounting is followed in
accordance with RBI guidelines.
(xii) Provision for non-performing investments is made in conformity
with RBI guidelines.
(xiii) Repurchase (Repo) / Reverse Repurchase (Reverse Repo)
transactions (except transactions under Liquidity Adjustment Facility
(LAF) with RBI) are accounted for as Borrowing / Lending respectively.
On completion of the second leg of the Repo / Reverse Repo transaction,
the difference between the consideration amounts is reckoned as
Interest Expenditure / Income. Amounts outstanding in Repo / Reverse
Repo account as at the Balance Sheet date is shown as part of
Borrowings / Money at Call and at Short Notice respectively, and the
accrued expenditure / income till the Balance Sheet date is recognised
in the Profit and Loss account.
In respect of repo transactions under LAF with RBI, monies borrowed
from RBI are credited to investment account and reversed on maturity of
the transaction. Costs thereon are accounted for as interest expense.
In respect of reverse repo transactions under LAF, monies lent to RBI
are debited to investment account and reversed on maturity of the
transaction. Revenues thereon are accounted for as interest income.
(xiv) In respect of the short sale transactions in Central Government
dated securities, the short position is covered by outright purchase of
an equivalent amount of the same security within a maximum period of
three months including the day of trade. The short position is
reflected as the amount received on sale in a separate account and is
classified under 'Other Liabilities'. The short position is marked
to market and loss, if any, is charged to the Profit and Loss account,
while gain, if any, is not recognized. Profit / loss on settlement of
the short position is recognized in the Profit and Loss account.
(xv) Profit in respect of investments sold from HTM category is
included in the Profit on Sale of Investments and an equivalent amount
(net of taxes, if any, and transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable
to such profits) is appropriated from the Profit and Loss Appropriation
account to Capital Reserve account.
(xvi) In the event, provisions created on account of depreciation in
the AFS or HFT categories are found to be in excess of the required
amount in any year, the excess is credited to the Profit and Loss
account and an equivalent amount (net of taxes, if any, and net of
transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to such excess provisions)
is appropriated to an Investment Reserve account (IRA).
The balance in IRA account is used to meet provision on account of
depreciation in AFS and HFT categories by transferring an equivalent
amount to the Profit and Loss Appropriation account as and when
required.
Derivatives
Derivative contracts are designated as hedging or trading and accounted
for as follows:
4.1 The hedging contracts comprise of Forward Rate Agreements, Interest
Rate Swaps and Currency Swaps undertaken to hedge interest rate and
currency risk on certain assets and liabilities. The net interest
receivable / payable is accounted on an accrual basis over the life of
the swaps. However, where the hedge is designated with an asset or
liability that is carried at market value or lower of cost and market
value, then the hedging instruments is also marked to market with the
resulting gain or loss recorded as an adjustment to the market value of
designated assets or liabilities.
4.2 The trading contracts comprise of trading in Interest Rate Swaps,
Interest Rate Futures and Currency Futures. The gain / loss arising on
unwinding or termination of the contracts, is accounted for in the
Profit and Loss account. Trading contracts outstanding as at the
Balance Sheet date are re-valued at their fair value and resulting
gains / losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
4.3 Gains or losses on the termination of hedge swaps is deferred and
recognised over the shorter of the remaining life of the hedge swap or
the remaining life of the underlying asset / liability.
4.4 Premium paid and received on currency options is accounted when due
in the Profit and Loss Account.
4.5 Provisioning of overdue customer receivable on derivative contracts
is made as per RBI guidelines.
5. Advances
5.1 Advances are classified as per RBI guidelines into standard,
sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets after considering subsequent
recoveries to date.
5.2 Specific provisions for non-performing advances and floating
provisions are made in conformity with RBI guidelines.
5.3 Ageneral provision on standard assets is made in accordance with
RBI guidelines. Provision made against standard assets is included in
'Other Liabilities and Provisions'.
5.4 Advances are disclosed in the Balance Sheet, net of provisions and
interest suspended for non-performing advances and floating provisions.
5.5 Advances exclude derecognised securitised advances, inter-bank
participation certificates issued and bills rediscounted.
5.6 Amounts recovered during the year against bad debts written off in
earlier years are recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
5.7 Provision no longer considered necessary in the context of the
current status of the borrower as a performing asset, are written back
to the Profit and Loss account to the extent such provisions were
charged to the Profit and Loss account
5.8 For restructured / rescheduled assets, provision is made in
accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, which requires the
diminution in the fair value of the assets to be provided at the time
of restructuring. The restructured accounts are classified in
accordance with RBI guidelines, including special dispensation wherever
allowed.
6. Securitisation transactions and direct assignments
6.1 The Bank transfers its loan receivables both through Direct
Assignment route as well as transfer to Special Purpose Vehicles
('SPV').
6.2 The securitization transactions are without recourse to the Bank.
The transferred loans and such securitized receivables are
de-recognized as and when these are sold (true sale criteria being
fully met) and the consideration has been received by the Bank. Gains /
losses are recognized only if the Bank surrenders the rights to the
benefits specified in the loan contracts.
6.3 In terms of RBI guidelines, profit / premium arising on account of
sale of standard assets, being the difference between the sale
consideration and book value, is amortized over the life of the
securities issued by the Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV). Any loss
arising on account of the sale is recognized in the Profit and Loss
account in the period in which the sale occurs.
6.4 In case of sale of non-performing assets through securitization
route to SC / RC by way of assignment of debt against issuance of SRs,
the recognition of sale and accounting of profit and loss thereon is
done in accordance with applicable RBI guidelines. Generally, the sale
is recognized at the lower of redemption value of SR and the Net Book
Value (NBV) of the financial asset sold, and the surplus is recognized
in the Profit and Loss Account; shortfall if any, is charged to the
Profit and Loss account subject to regulatory forbearance, if any,
allowed from time to time.
Profit or loss realized on ultimate redemption of the SR is recognized
in the Profit and Loss Account.
7. Fixed assets and depreciation
7.1 Fixed assets are stated at cost (except in the case of premises
which were re-valued based on values determined by approved valuers)
less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Cost includes
incidental expenditure incurred on the assets before they are ready for
intended use.
7.2 The appreciation on account of revaluation is credited to
Revaluation Reserve. Depreciation relating to revaluation is adjusted
against the Revaluation Reserve.
7.3 Depreciation is provided over the useful life of the assets, pro
rata for the period of use, on a straight-line method. The useful life
estimates prescribed in Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act,
2013 are generally adhered to, except in respect of asset classes
where, based on technical evaluation, a different estimate of useful
life is considered suitable. Pursuant to this policy, the useful life
estimates in respect of the following assets are as follows:
(a) Computers at 3 years
(b) Application software and perpetual software licences at 5 years
(c) Printers, Scanners, Routers, Switch at 5 years
(d) ATMs at 7 years
(e) Network cabling, Electrical Installations, Furniture and Fixtures,
Other Office Machinery at 10years
(f) Vehicles at 5 years
(g) Buildings at 60 years.
The useful life of an asset class is periodically assessed taking into
account various criteria such as changes in technology, changes in
business environment, utility and efficacy of an asset class to meet
with intended user needs, etc. Whenever there is a revision in the
estimated useful life of an asset, the unamortised depreciable amount
is charged over the revised remaining useful life of the said asset.
7.4 The carrying amount of fixed assets is reviewed at the Balance
Sheet date to determine if there are any indications of impairment
based on internal / external factors. In case of impaired assets, the
impairment loss i.e. the amount by which the carrying amount of the
asset exceeds its recoverable value is charged to the Profit and Loss
account to the extent the carrying amount of assets exceeds its
estimated recoverable amount.
8. Revenue Recognition
8.1 Interest and discount income on performing assets is recognised on
accrual basis. Interest and discount income on non-performing assets is
recognised on realisation.
8.2 Interest on Government securities, debentures and other fixed
income securities is recognised on a period proportion basis. Income on
discounted instruments is recognised over the tenor of the instrument
on a straight-line basis.
8.3 Dividend income is accounted on accrual basis when the right to
receive dividend is established.
8.4 Commission (except for commission on Deferred Payment Guarantees
which is recognised over the term
on a straight line basis), Exchange and Brokerage are recognised on a
transaction date and net off directly attributable expenses.
8.5 Fees are recognised on an accrual basis, except in cases where the
Bank is uncertain of realisation.
8.6 Income from distribution of third party products is recognised on
the basis of business booked.
9. Operating Leases
9.1 Lease rental obligations in respect of assets taken on operating
lease are charged to the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line
basis over the lease term.
9.2 Assets given under leases in respect of which all the risks and
benefits of ownership are effectively retained by the Bank are
classified as operating leases. Lease rentals received under operating
leases are recognized in the Profit and Loss account as per the terms
of the contracts.
10. Employee Benefits
10.1 The Gratuity scheme of the Bank is a defined benefit scheme and
the expense for the year is recognized on the basis of actuarial
valuation at the Balance Sheet date. The present value of the
obligation under such benefit plan is determined based on independent
actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method which
recognizes each period of service that gives rise to additional unit of
employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build
up the final obligation. Payment obligations under the Group Gratuity
scheme are managed through purchase of appropriate policies from
insurers.
10.2 Provident Fund contributions are made under trusts separately
established for the purpose and the scheme administered by Regional
Provident Fund Commissioner (RPFC), as applicable. The rate at which
the annual interest is payable to the beneficiaries by the trusts is
being administered by the government. The Bank has an obligation to
make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the
investments of the trusts and the notified interest rates. Actuarial
valuation of this Provident Fund Interest shortfall is done as perthe
guidance note on Valuation of Interest Rate Guarantees on Exempt
Provident Funds under AS 15 (Revised) issued by the Institute of
Actuaries of India, and such shortfall, if any, is provided for.
10.3 Provision for compensated absences is made on the basis of
actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The actuarial
valuation is carried out using the Projected Unit Credit Method.
10.4 Intrinsic value method is applied to account for the compensation
cost of ESOP granted to the employees of the Bank. Intrinsic value is
the amount by which the quoted market price of the underlying shares on
the grant date exceeds the exercise price of the options. Accordingly,
such compensation cost is amortized over the vesting period.
11. Segment Reporting
In accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, the Bank has adopted
Segment Reporting as under:
(a) Treasury includes all investment portfolios, Profit / Loss on sale
of Investments, Profit / Loss on foreign exchange transactions,
equities, income from derivatives and money market operations. The
expenses of this segment consist of interest expenses on funds borrowed
from external sources as well as internal sources and depreciation /
amortisation of premium on Held to Maturity category investments.
(b) Corporate / Wholesale Banking includes lending to and deposits from
corporate customers and identified earnings and expenses of the
segment.
(c) Retail Banking includes lending to and deposits from retail
customers and identified earnings and expenses of the segment.
(d) Other Banking Operations includes all other operations not covered
under Treasury, Corporate / Wholesale Banking and Retail Banking.
Unallocated includes Capital and Reserves, Employee Stock Options
(Grants) Outstanding and other unallocable assets, liabilities, income
and expenses.
12. Debit and Credit Card reward points liability
12.1 The liability towards Credit Card reward points is computed based
on an actuarial valuation and the liability towards Debit Card reward
points is computed on the basis of management estimates considering
past trends.
13. Bullion
13.1 The Bank imports bullion including precious metal bars on a
consignment basis for selling to its customers. The imports are on a
back-to-back basis and are priced to the customer based on the
prevailing price quoted by the supplier and the local levies related to
the consignment like customs duty etc. The profit earned is included in
commission income.
13.2 The Bank sells gold coins to its customers. The difference between
the sale price to customers and purchase price is reflected under
commission income.
14. Income-tax
14.1 Tax expenses comprise of current and deferred taxes. Current tax
is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred taxes reflect the
impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and
accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of
earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the
tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date.
Deferred tax assets are recognized, in general, only to the extent that
there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income
will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realized; where there are unabsorbed depreciation and / or carry
forward of losses under tax laws, deferred tax assets are recognized
only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence
that such deferred tax asset can be realized against future taxable
income. Unrecognized deferred tax assets of earlier years are
re-assessed and recognised to the extent that it has become reasonably
certain that future taxable income will be available against which such
deferred tax assets can be realized.
15. Earnings per share
15.1 Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the Net Profit or
Loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted
earnings per equity share are computed using the weighted average
number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares
outstanding as at end of the year.
16. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
16.1 A provision is recognized when there is an obligation as a result
of past event, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation, and in respect of which a reliable
estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to their present
value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the
obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each
Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
16.2 A disclosure of contingent liability is made when there is:
(a) A possible obligation arising from a past event, the existence of
which will be confirmed by occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more
uncertain future events not within the control of the bank; or
(b) A present obligation arising from a past event which is not
recognized as it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount
of the obligation cannot be made.
16.3 When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in
respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no
provision or disclosure is made.
16.4 Contingent assets are not recognized or disclosed in the financial
statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if
it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise,
the assets and related income are recognized in the period in which the
change occurs.
17. Cash and Cash equivalents
17.1 Cash and cash equivalents comprises of Cash in Hand and Balances
with RBI and Balances with Banks and Money at Call and Short Notice.
Mar 31, 2013
1. General
1.1 The accompanying financial statements have been prepared under the
historical cost convention except where otherwise stated, and in
accordance with statutory requirements prescribed under the Banking
Regulation Act 1949, circulars and guidelines issued by Reserve Bank of
India (''RBI'') from time to time, accounting standards referred to
in Section 211 (3C) of the Companies Act, 1956 and notified by the
Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and practices prevailing
within the banking industry in India.
1.2 The preparation of the financial statements, in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles in India requires management
to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and disclosure of contingent
liabilities on the date of the financial statements. Management
believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of
the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Any revision to
accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in current and future
periods.
2. Transactions involving Foreign Exchange
2.1 Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are
translated at the Balance Sheet date at the exchange rates notified by
the Foreign Exchange Dealers'' Association of India (''FEDAI'') for
tenors up to one year and rates published by Reuters for tenor above
one year and the resulting gains or losses are recognised in the Profit
and Loss account.
2.2 Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
2.3 All foreign exchange contracts outstanding at the Balance Sheet
date are re-valued at the rates of exchange notified by the FEDAI and
the resulting gains or losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss
account.
2.4 Swap Cost arising on account of foreign currency swap contracts to
convert foreign currency funded liabilities into rupee liabilities is
charged to the Profit and Loss account as ''Interest - Others'' by
amortizing over the underlying swap period.
2.5 Income and expenditure items are translated at the rates of
exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction.
2.6 Contingent liabilities at the Balance Sheet date on account of
outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts, guarantees,
acceptances, endorsements and other obligations denominated in foreign
currency are stated at the closing rates of exchange notified by FEDAI
for tenors up to one year and rates published by Reuters for tenor
above one year.
3. Investments
Significant accounting policies in accordance with RBI guidelines are
as follows:
3.1 Categorisation of Investments :
In accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, the Bank classifies
its investment portfolio on the date of purchase into the following
three categories:
(i) Held to Maturity (HTM) - Securities acquired with the intention to
hold till maturity.
(ii) Held for Trading (HFT) - Securities acquired with the intention to
trade.
(iii) Available for Sale (AFS) - Securities which do not fall within
the above two categories.
Subsequent shifting amongst the categories is done in accordance with
RBI guidelines.
3.2 Classification of Investments:
For the purpose of disclosure in the Balance Sheet, investments are
classified under six groups as required by RBI guidelines viz.,
Government Securities, Other Approved Securities, Shares, Debentures
and Bonds, Investments in Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures, and Other
Investments.
3.3 Valuation of Investments:
(i) Held to Maturity - Each security in this category is carried at its
acquisition cost. Any premium paid on acquisition of each security is
amortised over the balance period to maturity. The amortised amount is
deducted from Interest earned - Income on investments (Item II of
Schedule 13). The book value of the security is reduced to the extent
of amount amortised during the relevant accounting period. Diminution,
other than temporary, is determined and provided for each investment
individually.
(ii) Held for Trading - Each security in this category is re-valued at
the market price or fair value and the resultant depreciation of each
security is charged to the Profit and Loss account and appreciation, if
any, is ignored.
(iii) Available for Sale - Each security in this category is re-valued
at the market price or fair value and the resultant depreciation on
each security in this category is charged to the Profit and Loss
account and appreciation, if any, is ignored.
(iv) Market value of government securities (excluding treasury bills)
is determined on the basis of the prices / Yield to Maturity (YTM)
published by PBI or the prices / YTM periodically declared by Primary
Dealers Association of India (PDAI) jointly with Fixed Income Money
Market and Derivatives Association (FIMMDA).
Fair value of other debt securities is determined based on the yield
curve and spreads provided by FIMMDA.
Quoted equity shares are valued at lower of cost or the closing price
on a recognised stock exchange. Unquoted equity shares are valued at
their break-up value or at Rs. 1 per company where the latest Balance
Sheet is not available.
Treasury bills are valued at carrying cost, which includes discount
amortised over the period to maturity.
Units of the schemes of mutual funds are valued at the lower of cost
and Net Asset Value (NAV) provided by the respective schemes of mutual
funds. .
(v) Investments in equity shares held as long-term investments by
erstwhile Induslnd Enterprises & Finance Limited and Ashok Leyland
Finance Limited (since merged with the Bank) are valued at cost and
classified , as part of HTM category. Provision towards diminution in
the value of such long-term investments is made only if the diminution
in value is not temporary in the opinion of management.
(vi) Security Receipts (SR) are valued at the lower of redemption value
or NAV obtained from the Securitisation Company (SC) / Reconstruction
Company (RC).
(vii) The Bank follows trade date method of accounting for purchase and
sale of investments, except for Government of India and State
Government securities where settlement date method of accounting is
followed in accordance with RBI guidelines.
(viii) Broken period interest on debt instruments is treated as a
revenue item. Brokerage, commission, etc. pertaining to investments,
paid at the time of acquisition is charged to the Profit and Loss
account.
(ix) Provision for non-performing investments is made in conformity
with RBI guidelines.
(x) Repurchase (Repo) / Reverse Repurchase (Reverse Repo) transactions
(except transactions under Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) with
RBI) are accounted for as Borrowing / Lending respectively. On
completion of the second leg of the Repo / Reverse Repo transaction,
the difference between the consideration amounts is reckoned as
Interest Expenditure / Income. Amounts outstanding in Repo / Reverse
Repo account as at the Balance Sheet date is shown as part of
Borrowings / Money at Call and at Short Notice respectively, and the
accrued expenditure / income till the Balance Sheet date is taken to
the Profit and Loss account. Outstanding Repo transactions are marked
to market as per the investment classification of the security.
In respect of repo transactions under LAF with RBI, monies borrowed
from RBI are credited to investment account and reversed on maturity of
the transaction. Costs thereon are accounted for as interest expense.
In respect of reverse repo transactions under LAF, monies lent to RBI
are debited to investment account and reversed on maturity of the
transaction. Revenues thereon are accounted as interest income.
(xi) The Bank undertakes short sale transactions in Central Government
dated securities. The short position is covered by outright purchase of
an equivalent amount of the same security within a maximum period of
three months including the day of trade. The short position is
reflected as the amount received on sale in a separate account and is
classified under ''Other Liabilities''. The short position is marked
to market and loss, if any, is charged to the Profit and Loss account,
while gain, if any, is not recognized. Profit / loss on settlement of
the short position is taken to Profit and Loss account.
(xii) Profit in respect of investments sold from HTM category is
included in the Profit on Safe of Investments and an equivalent amount
(net of taxes, if any, and transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable
to such profits) is appropriated from the Profit and Loss Appropriation
account to Capital Reserve account.
(xiii) !n the event, provisions created on account of depreciation in
the AFS or HFT categories are found to be in excess of the required
amount in any year, the excess is credited to the Profit and Loss
account and an equivalent amount (net of taxes, if any. and net of
transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to such excess provisions)
is appropriated to an Investment Reserve account (IRA). The balance in
IRA account is considered as Tier I! Capital within the overall ceiling
of 1.25% of total Risk Weighted Assets prescribed for General
Provisions / Loss reserves.
The balance in IRA account is used to meet provision on account of
depreciation m AFS and HFT categories by transferring an equivalent
amount to the Profit and Loss Appropriation account as and when
required.
4. Derivatives
Derivative contracts are designated as hedging or trading and accounted
for as follows:
4.1 The hedging contracts comprise of Forward Rate Agreements, Interest
Rate Swaps and Currency Swaps undertaken to hedge interest rate risk on
certain assets and liabilities. The net interest receivable / payable
is accounted on an accrual basis over the life of the swaps. However,
where the hedge is designated with an asset or liability that is
carried at market value or lower of cost and market value, then the
hedging instruments is also marked to market with the resulting gain or
loss recorded as an adjustment to the market value of designated assets
or liabilities.
4.2 The trading contracts comprise of proprietary trading in Interest
Rate Swaps and Currency Futures. The gain / loss arising on unwinding
or termination of the contracts, is accounted for in the Profit and
Loss account. Trading contracts outstanding as at the Balance Sheet
date are re-valued at their fair value and resulting gains i losses are
recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
4.3 Gains or losses on the termination of hedge swaps is deferred and
recognised over the shorter of the remaining contractual life of the
hedge swap or the remaining life of the underlying asset /'' liability.
4.4 Premium paid and received on currency options is accounted uD-front
in the Profit and Loss account as all options are undertaken on a
back-to-back basis.
4.5 Provisioning of overdue customer receivable on derivative
contracts, if any, is made as per RBI guidelines.
4.6 In accordance with the Prudential Norms for Off-Balance Sheet
Exposures issued by RBI, provisioning against outstanding credit
exposure as at the Balance Sheet date is made, as is applicable to the
assets of the concerned counterparties under ''standard'' category.
Credit exposures are computed as per the current marked to market value
of the contract arising on account of interest rate and foreign
exchange derivative transactions.
5. Advances .
5.1 Advances are classified as per RBI guidelines into standard,
sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets after considering subsequent
recoveries to date.
5.2 Provision for non-performing assets is made in conformity with RBI
guidelines.
5.3 In accordance with RB! guidelines, general provision on standard
assets is made as under:
(a) At 1% of standard advances to Commercial Real Estate Sector:
(b) At 0.25% of standard direct advances to SME and Agriculture: and
(c) At 0.40%- of the balance outstanding standard advance.
5.4 Advances are disclosed in the Balance Sheet, net of provisions and
interest suspended for non-performing advances. Provision made against
standard assets is included in Other Liabilities and Provisions''.
5.5 Advances exclude derecognised securitised advances, inter-bank
participation and bills rediscounted.
5.6 Amounts recovered against bad debts written off in earlier years
are recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
5.7 Provision no longer considered necessary in context of the current
status of the borrower as a performing asset, are written back to the
Profit and Loss account to the extent such provisions were charged to
the Profit and Loss account.
5.8 Restructured / rescheduled accounts:
In case of restructured standard advances, provision is made as per RBI
guidelines.
Further in case of restructured / rescheduled accounts provision is
made for the sacrifice against erosion / diminution in fair value of
restructured loans, in accordance with RBI guidelines. The erosion in
fair value of the advances is computed as the difference between fair
value of the loan before and after restructuring.
Fair value of the loan before restructuring is computed as the present
value of cash flows representing the interest at the existing rate
charged on the advance before restructuring and the principal,
discounted at a rate equal to the Bank''s Benchmark Prime Lending Rate
(BPLR) / Base Rate as on the date of restructuring plus the appropriate
term premium and credit risk premium for the borrower category on the
date of restructuring.
Fair value of the loan after restructuring is computed as the present
value of cash flows representing the interest at the rate chargea on
the advance on restructuring and the principal, discounted at a rate
equal to Bank''s BPLR / Base Rate as on the date of restructuring plus
the appropriate term premium and credit risk premium for the borrower
category on the date of restructuring.
The diminution in the fair value is re-computed on each Balance Sheet
date till satisfactory completion of all repayment obligations and full
repayment of the outstanding in the account, so as to capture the
changes in the fair value on account of changes in BPLR / Base Rate,
term premium and the credit category of the borrower. The shortfall /
excess provision held is either charged / credited to the Profit and
Loss account respectively.
The restructured accounts have been classified in accordance with RBI
guidelines, including special dispensation wherever allowed.
6. Securitisation Transactions and bilateral assignments
6.1 The Bank transfers loans through securitisation transactions. The
Bank transfers its loan receivables both through Bilateral Direct
Assignment route as well as transfer to Special Purpose Vehicles
(''SPV'') in securitisation transactions.
6.2 The securitization transactions are without recourse to the Bank.
The transferred loans and such securitised-out receivables are
de-recognized in the Balance Sheet as and when these are sold (true
sale criteria being fully met) and the consideration has been received
by the Bank. Gains / losses are recognised only if the Bank surrenders
the rights to the benefits specified in the loan contracts.
6.3 in respect of certain transactions, the Bank provides credit
enhancements in the form of cash collaterals / guarantee and / or by
subordination of cash flows to Senior Pass Through Certificate (PTC)
holders. Retained interest and subordinated PTCs are disclosed under
"Advances" in the Balance Sheet,
6.4 Recognition of gain or loss arising out of Securitisation of
Standard Assets :
In terms of RBI guidelines, profit / premium arising on account of sale
of standard assets, being the difference between the sale consideration
and book value, is amortised over the life of the securities issued by
the Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV).
Any loss arising on account of the sale is recognized in the Profit and
Loss account in the period in which the sale occurs.
6.5 In case of sale of non-performing assets through securitization
route to Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARC) by way of assignment of
debt against issuance of SRs, the sale is recognized at the lower of
redemption value of SR or PTC, and the Net Book Value (NBV) of the
financial asset sold. Any shortfall in the sale is recognized in the
Profit and Loss account in the period in which the sale transaction
occurs; surplus if any is kept in a separate account to be utilized to
meet the shortfall or loss on sale of other financial assets to SC /
RC.
7, Fixed Assets and depreciation
7.1 Fixed assets are stated at cost (except in the case of premises
which were re-valued based on values determined by approved valuers)
less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Cost includes
incidental expenditure incurred on the assets before they are ready for
intended use.
7.2 The appreciation on revaluation is credited to Revaluation Reserve.
Depreciation relating to revaluation is adjusted against the
Revaluation Reserve.
7.3 Depreciation is provided, pro rata for the period of use, on a
straight-line method. The rates of depreciation prescribed in Schedule
XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 are considered as the minimum rates. If
management''s estimate of the useful life of a fixed asset is shorter
than that envisaged in the aforesaid schedule, depreciation is provided
at a higher rate based on management''s estimate of the useful life.
Pursuant to this policy, depreciation on the fixed assets is provided
at the following rates, which are higher than the corresponding rates
prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Act:
(a) Computers at 33.33% p.a.
(b) Application software and perpetual software licences at 20% p.a.
(c) Printers, Scanners, Routers, Switch at 20% p.a.
(d) ATMs at 14.29% p.a.
(e) Network cabling, Electrical Installations, Furniture and Fixtures,
Other Office Equipment at 10% p.a.
(f) Vehicles at 20% p.a.
The useful life of an asset class is periodically assessed taking into
account various criteria such as changes in technology, changes in
business environment, utility and efficacy of an asset class to meet
with intended user needs, etc. Whenever there is a revision in the
estimated useful life of an asset, the unamortised depreciable amount
is charged over the revised remaining useful life of the said asset.
7.4 The carrying amount of fixed assets is reviewed at each Balance
Sheet date to determine if there are any indications of impairment
based on internal / external factors. In case of impaired assets, the
impairment loss i.e. the amount by which the carrying amount of the
asset exceeds its recoverable value is charged to the Profit and Loss
account to the extent the carrying amount of assets exceeds their
estimated recoverable amount.
8. Revenue Recognition
8.1 Interest and discount income on performing assets is recognised on
accrual basis. Interest and discount income on non-performing assets is
recognised on realisation.
8.2 Interest on Government securities, debentures and other fixed
income securities is recognised on accrual basis. Income on discounted
instruments is recognised over the tenor of the instrument on a
straight-line basis.
8.3 Dividend income is accounted on accrual basis when the right to
receive dividend is established.
8.4 Commission (except for commission on Deferred Payment Guarantees
which is recognised on accrual basis), Exchange and Brokerage are
recognised on a transaction date and net off directly attributable
expenses.
8.5 Fees are recognised when due, except in cases where the Bank is
uncertain of realisation.
8.6 Income from distribution of third party products is recognised on
the basis of business booked.
9. Operating Leases
9.1 Lease rental obligations in respect of assets taken on operating
lease are charged to the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line
basis over the lease term. Initial direct costs are charged to the
Profit and Loss account.
9.2 Assets given under leases in respect of which all the risks and
benefits of ownership are effectively retained by the Bank are
classified as operating leases. Lease rentals received under operating
leases are recognized in the Profit and Loss account on accrual basis
as per contracts.
10. Employee Benefits
10.1 The Gratuity scheme of the Bank is a defined benefit scheme and
the expense for the year is recognized on the basis of actuarial
valuation at the Balance Sheet date. The present value of the
obligation under such benefit plan is determined based on independent
actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method which
recognizes each period of service that give rise to additional unit of
employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build
up the final obligation. Payment obligations under the Group Gratuity
scheme are managed through purchase of appropriate insurance policies.
10.2 Provident Fund contributions are made under trusts separately
established for the purpose and the scheme administered by Regional
Provident Fund Commissioner (RPFC), as applicable. The rate at which
the annual interest is payable to the beneficiaries by the trusts is
being administered by the government. The Bank has an obligation to
make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the
investments of the trusts and the notified interest rates. Actuarial
valuation of this Provident Fund Interest shortfall has been done as
per the guidance note issued during the year in this respect by the
Actuary Society of India and the provision towards this liability has
been made.
10.3 Provision for compensated absences has been made on the basis of
actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The actuarial
valuation is carried out as per the projected unit credit method.
10.4 The Bank has applied the intrinsic value method to account for the
compensation cost of ESOP granted to the employees of the Bank.
Intrinsic value is the amount by which the quoted market price of the
underlying shares on the grant date exceeds the exercise price of the
Options. Accordingly, the compensation cost is amortized over the
vesting period.
11. Segment Reporting
In accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, the Bank has adopted
Segment Reporting as under:
(a) Treasury includes all investment portfolio, Profit / Loss on Sale
of Investments, Profit / Loss on foreign exchange transactions,
equities, income from derivatives and money market operations. The
expenses of this segment consist of interest expenses on funds borrowed
from external sources as well as internal sources and depreciation /
amortisation of premium on Held to Maturity category investments.
(b) Corporate / Wholesale Banking includes lending to and deposits from
corporate customers and identified earnings and expenses of the
segment.
(c) Retail Banking includes lending to and deposits from retail
customers and identified earnings and expenses of the segment.
(d) Other Banking Operations includes all other operations not covered
under Treasury, Corporate / Wholesale Banking and Retail Banking.
Unallocated includes Capital and Reserves, Employee Stock Options
(Grants) Outstanding and other unallocable assets and liabilities.
12. Debit and Credit Card reward points liability
12.1 The liability towards Credit Card reward points is based on an
actuarial valuation and liability towards Debit Card reward points is
computed on the basis of management estimates considering past trends.
13. Bullion
13.1 The Bank imports bullion including precious metal bars on a
consignment basis for selling to its customers. The imports are on a
back-to-back basis and are priced to the customer based on the
prevailing price quoted by the supplier and the local levies related to
the consignment like customs duty etc. The income earned is included in
commission income.
13.2 The Bank sells gold coins to its customers. The difference between
the sale price to customers and purchase price quoted is reflected
under commission income.
14. Income-tax
14.1 Tax expenses comprise of current and deferred taxes. Current tax
is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred taxes reflect the
impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and
accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of
earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the
tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date.
Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is
reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
Unrecognized deferred tax assets of earlier years are re-assessed and
recognised to the extent that it has become reasonably certain that
future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax
assets can be realized.
15. Earnings per Share
15.1 Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the Net Profit or
Loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted
earnings per equity , share are computed using the weighted average
number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares
outstanding as at end of the year.
16. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
16.1 A provision is recognised when there is an obligation as a result
of past event, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation, and in respect of which a reliable
estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to their present
value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the
obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each
Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
16.2 A disclosure of contingent liability is made when there is:
(a) A possible obligation arising from a past event, the existence of
which will be confirmed by occurrence or non occurrence of one or more
uncertain future events not within the control of the bank; or
(b) A present obligation arising from a past event which is not
recognized as it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount
of the obligation cannot be made.
16.3 When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in
respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no
provision or disclosure is made.
16.4 Contingent assets are not recognized in the financial statements.
However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is
virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the
assets and related income are recognized in the period in which the
change occurs.
17. Cash and Cash equivalents
17.1 Cash and cash equivalents in the cash flow statement comprise Cash
in Hand and Balances with RBI and Balances with Banks and Money at Call
and Short Notice.
Mar 31, 2012
1) General:
1.1 The accompanying financial statements have been prepared under the
historical cost convention, except where otherwise stated, and in
accordance with the accounting standards referred to in Section 211(3C)
of the Companies Act, 1956, and notified by the Companies (Accounting
Standards) Rules, 2006, read with guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank
of India ('RBI') and conform to the statutory provisions and practices
prevailing within the banking industry in India.
1.2 The preparation of the financial statements, in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles in India requires management
to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and disclosure of contingent
liabilities on the date of the financial statements. Management believes
that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the
financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Any revision to
accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in current and future
periods.
2) Transactions involving Foreign Exchange:
2.1 Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are
translated at the Balance Sheet date at the exchange rates notified by
the Foreign Exchange Dealers' Association of India ('FEDAI') and
the resulting gains or losses are recognised in the Profit and Loss
account.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
2.2 All Foreign Exchange contracts outstanding at the Balance Sheet
date are re-valued at the rates of exchange notified by the FEDAI for
specified maturities and the resulting gains or losses are recognised
in the Profit and Loss account.
2.3 The Swap Cost arising on account of foreign currency swap contracts
to convert foreign currency funded liabilities into rupee liabilities
is charged to the Profit and Loss account as 'Interest - Others' by
amortizing over the underlying swap period.
2.4 Income and Expenditure items are translated at the rates of
exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction.
2.5 Contingent liability at the Balance Sheet date on account of
outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts, guarantees,
acceptances, endorsements and other obligations denominated in foreign
currency is stated at the closing rates of exchange notified by FEDAI.
3) Investments:
The significant accounting policies in accordance with RBI guidelines
are as follows:
3.1 Categorisation of Investments :
In accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, the Bank classifies
its investment portfolio on the date of purchase into the following
three categories:
i) 'Held to Maturity' (HTM) - Securities acquired by the Bank with
the intention to hold till maturity.
ii) 'Held for Trading' (HFT) - Securities acquired by the Bank with
the intention to trade.
iii) 'Available for Sale' (AFS) - Securities which do not fall
within the above two categories are classified as 'Available for Sale'.
Subsequent shifting amongst the categories is done in accordance with
RBI guidelines.
3.2 Classification of Investments:
For the purpose of disclosure in the Balance Sheet, investments are
classified under six groups as required under RBI guidelines -
Government Securities, Other Approved Securities, Shares, Debentures
and Bonds, Investments in Subsidiaries / Joint Ventures and Other
Investments.
3.3 Valuation of Investments:
(i) 'Held to Maturity' - These investments are carried at their
acquisition cost. Any premium on acquisition of debt securities is
amortised over the balance period to maturity. The amortised amount is
deducted from Interest earned - Income on investments (Item II of
Schedule 13). The book value of security is reduced to the extent of
amount amortised during the relevant accounting period. Diminution
other than temporary, if any, in the value of such investments is
determined and provided for on each investment individually.
(ii) 'Held for Trading' - Each security in this category is
re-valued at the market price or fair value and the resultant
depreciation of each security is charged to the Profit and Loss
account. Appreciation, if any, is ignored. Market value of government
securities is determined on the basis of the prices / Yield to Maturity
(YTM) published by RBI or the prices / YTM periodically declared by
Primary Dealers Association of India (PDAI) jointly with Fixed Income
Money Market and Derivatives Association (FIMMDA) for valuation.
(iii) 'Available for Sale' - Each security in this category is
re-valued at the market price or fair value and the resultant
depreciation of each security in this category is charged to the Profit
and Loss account and appreciation, if any, is ignored.
Market value of government securities (excluding treasury bills) is
determined on the basis of the price list published by RBI or the
prices periodically declared by PDAI jointly with FIMMDA for valuation.
In case of unquoted government securities, market price or fair value
is determined as per the rates published by FIMMDA.
Market value of other debt securities is determined based on the yield
curve and spreads provided by FIMMDA.
Quoted equity shares are valued at cost or the closing quotes on a
recognised stock exchange, whichever is lower. Unquoted equity shares
are valued at their break-up value or at Rs 1 per company where the
latest Balance Sheet is not available.
Treasury bills are valued at carrying cost, which includes discount
amortised over the period to maturity.
Units of mutual funds are valued at the lower of cost and Net Asset
Value (NAV) provided by the respective mutual funds.
(iv) Investments in equity shares held as long-term investments by
erstwhile Induslnd Enterprises & Finance Ltd. and Ashok Leyland Finance
Ltd. (since merged with the Bank) are valued at cost and classified as
part of HTM category. Provision towards diminution in the value of such
long-term investments is made only if the diminution in value is not
temporary in the opinion of management.
(v) Security Receipts (SR) are valued at the lower of redemption value
of the security or the NAV obtained from Securitization Company /
Reconstruction Company.
(vi) Settlement Date accounting method is followed for recording
purchase and sale of transactions in Government securities.
(vii) Broken period interest on debt instruments is treated as a
revenue item. Brokerage, commission, etc. pertaining to investments,
paid at the time of acquisition is charged to the Profit and Loss
account.
(viii) Provision for non-performing investments is made in conformity
with the RBI guidelines.
(ix) In line with the RBI guidelines on uniform accounting methodology,
with effect from April 1, 2010, Repurchase (Repo) /Reverse Repurchase
(Reverse Repo) transactions (except transactions under Liquidity
Adjustment Facility (LAF) with RBI) are accounted for as Borrowing /
Lending respectively. On completion of the second leg of the Repo /
Reverse Repo transaction, the difference between the consideration
amounts is reckoned as Interest Expenditure / Income. Amounts
outstanding in Repo / Reverse Repo account as at the Balance Sheet date
is shown as part of Borrowings / Money at Call and at Short Notice
respectively, and the accrued expenditure / income till the Balance
Sheet date is taken to the Profit and Loss account. Outstanding Repo
transactions are marked to market as per the investment classification
of the security.
In respect of repo transactions under LAF with RBI, monies borrowed
from RBI are credited to investment account and reversed on maturity of
the transaction. Costs thereon are accounted for as interest expense.
In respect of reverse repo transactions under LAF, monies lent to RBI
are debited to investment account and reversed on maturity of the
transaction. Revenues thereon are accounted as interest income.
(x) Profit in respect of investments sold from "HTM" category is
included in Profit on Sale of Investments and an equivalent amount (net
of taxes if any, and transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to
such profits) is transferred out of Profit and Loss Appropriation
account to Capital Reserve account.
(xi) In the event, provisions created on account of depreciation in the
'AFS' or 'HFT' categories are found to be in excess of the
required amount in any year, the excess is credited to the Profit and
Loss account and an equivalent amount (net of taxes, if any and net of
transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to such excess provision)
is appropriated to an Investment Reserve account (IRA). The balance in
IRA account is considered as Tier II Capital within the overall ceiling
of 1.25% of total Risk Weighted Assets prescribed for General
Provisions / Loss reserves.
The balance in IRA account is used to meet provision on account of
depreciation in AFS and HFT categories by transferring an equivalent
amount to the Profit and Loss account as and when required.
4) Derivatives
Derivative contracts are designated as hedging or trading and accounted
for as follows:
(i) The hedging contracts comprise of Forward Rate Agreements, Interest
Rate Swaps and Currency Swaps undertaken to hedge interest rate risk on
certain assets and liabilities. The net Interest Receivable / Payable
is accounted on an accrual basis over the life of the swaps. However,
where the hedge is designated with an asset or liability that is
carried at market value or lower of cost and market value in the
financial statements, then the hedging instruments is also marked to
market with the resulting gain or loss recorded as an adjustment to the
market value of designated assets or liabilities.
(ii) The trading contracts comprise of proprietary trading in interest
rate swaps and currency futures. The gain / loss arising on unwinding
or termination of the contracts, is accounted for in the Profit and
Loss account. Trading contracts outstanding as at the Balance Sheet
date are re-valued at their fair value and resulting gains / losses are
recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
(iii) Gains or losses on the termination of hedge swaps is deferred and
recognised over the shorter of the remaining contractual life of the
hedge swap or the remaining life of the underlying asset/liability.
(iv) Premium paid and received on currency options is accounted
up-front in the Profit and Loss account as all options are undertaken
on a back-to-back basis.
(v) Provisioning of overdue customer receivable on derivative
contracts, if any, is made as per RBI guidelines.
(vi) In accordance with the Prudential Norms for Off-Balance Sheet
Exposures issued by RBI, provisioning against outstanding credit
exposure as at the Balance Sheet date is made, as is applicable to the
assets of the concerned counterparties under 'standard' category.
Credit exposures are computed as per the current marked to market value
of the contract arising on account of interest rate and foreign
exchange derivative transactions.
5) Advances:
5.1 Advances are classified as per RBI guidelines into standard,
sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets after considering subsequent
recoveries to date.
5.2 Provision for non-performing assets is made in conformity with RBI
guidelines.
5.3 In accordance with RBI guidelines, general provision on standard
assets is made as under:
a) At 1% of standard advances to Commercial Real Estate Sector;
b) At 0.25% of standard direct advances to SME and Agriculture; and
c) At 0.40% of the balance outstanding standard advance.
5.4 Advances are disclosed in the Balance Sheet, net of provisions and
interest suspended for non-performing advances. Provision made against
standard assets is included in 'Other Liabilities and Provisions'.
5.5 Advances include the Bank's participation in / contributions to
Pass Through Certificates (PTCs) and / or to the asset-backed
assignment of loan assets of other banks / financial institutions where
the Bank has participated on risk-sharing basis.
5.6 Advances exclude derecognised securitised advances, inter-bank
participation and bills rediscounted.
5.7 Amounts recovered against bad debts written off in earlier years
are recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
5.8 Provision no longer considered necessary in context of the current
status of the borrower as a performing asset, are written back to the
Profit and Loss account to the extent such provisions were charged to
the Profit and Loss account.
5.9 Restructured / rescheduled accounts:
In case of restructured / rescheduled accounts provision is made for the
sacrifice against erosion / diminution in fair value of restructured
loans, in accordance with RBI guidelines.
The erosion in fair value of the advances is computed as the difference
between fair value of the loan before and after restructuring.
Fair value of the loan before restructuring is computed as the present
value of cash flows representing the interest at the existing rate
charged on the advance before restructuring and the principal,
discounted at a rate equal to the Bank's Benchmark Prime Lending Rate
(BPLR) / Base Rate as on the date of restructuring plus the appropriate
term premium and credit risk premium for the borrower category on the
date of restructuring.
Fair value of the loan after restructuring is computed as the present
value of cash flows representing the interest at the rate charged on
the advance on restructuring and the principal, discounted at a rate
equal to Bank's BPLR / Base Rate as on the date of restructuring plus
the appropriate term premium and credit risk premium for the borrower
category on the date of restructuring.
The diminution in the fair value is re-computed on each Balance Sheet
date till satisfactory completion of all repayment obligations and full
repayment of the outstanding in the account, so as to capture the
changes in the fair value on account of changes in BPLR / Base Rate,
term premium and the credit category of the borrower. The shortfall /
excess provision held is either charged / credited to the Profit and
Loss account respectively.
The restructured accounts have been classified in accordance with RBI
guidelines, including special dispensation wherever allowed.
6) Securitisation Transactions and bilateral assignments:
6.1 The Bank transfers loans through securitisation transactions. The
Bank transfers its loan receivables both through Bilateral Direct
Assignment route as well as transfer to Special Purpose Vehicles
('SPV') in securitisation transactions.
6.2 The securitization transactions are without recourse to the Bank.
The transferred loans and such securitised-out receivables are
de-recognized in the Balance Sheet as and when these are sold (true
sale criteria being fully met) and the consideration has been received
by the Bank. Gains / losses are recognised only if the Bank surrenders
the rights to the benefits specified in the loan contracts.
6.3 In respect of certain transactions, the Bank provides credit
enhancements in the form of cash collaterals / guarantee and / or by
subordination of cash flows to senior Pass Through Certificates (PTC).
Retained interest and subordinated PTCs are disclosed under
"Advances" in the Balance Sheet.
6.4 Recognition of gain or loss arising out of Securitisation of
Standard Assets:
In terms of RBI guidelines, profit / premium arising on account of sale
of standard assets, being the difference between the sale consideration
and book value, is amortised over the life of the securities issued by
the Special Purpose Vehicles ('SPV').
Any loss arising on account of the sale is recognized in the Profit and
Loss account in the period in which the sale occurs.
7) Fixed Assets and depreciation:
7.1 Fixed assets (including assets given on operating lease) have been
stated at cost (except in the case of premises which were re-valued
based on values determined by approved valuers) less accumulated
depreciation and impairment, if any. Cost includes incidental
expenditure incurred on the assets before they are ready for intended
use. The carrying amount of Fixed Assets is reviewed at each Balance
Sheet date to determine if there are any indications of impairment
based on internal / external factors.
7.2 The appreciation on revaluation is credited to Revaluation Reserve.
Depreciation relating to revaluation is adjusted against the
Revaluation Reserve.
7.3 Depreciation has been provided pro rata for the period of use, on
Straight Line Method at such rates that are reflective of
management's estimate of the useful life of the related Fixed Assets.
These rates are as prescribed under Schedule XIV to the Companies Act,
1956, except in respect of the following where the rates adopted are
higher than the prescribed rates:
(a) Computers at 33.33% p.a.
(b) Furniture and Fixtures at 10% p.a.
(c) Electrical Installations at 10% p.a.
(d) Other Office Equipment at 10% p.a.
(e) Vehicles at 20% p.a.
Taking into account various criteria such as changes in technology,
changes in business environment, utility and efficacy of an asset class
to meet with intended user needs, etc., the useful life of an asset
class is periodically assessed. Whenever there is a revision in the
estimated useful life of an asset, the unamortised depreciable amount
is charged over the revised remaining useful life of the said asset.
7.4 The Bank reviews at each Balance Sheet date whether there is any
indication of impairment in an asset. In case of impaired assets, the
impairment loss i.e. the amount by which the carrying amount of the
asset exceeds its recoverable value is charged to the Profit and Loss
account to the extent the carrying amount of assets exceeds their
estimated recoverable amount.
8) Revenue Recognition:
8.1 Income by way of interest and discount on performing assets is
recognised on accrual basis and on non-performing assets; the same is
recognised on realisation.
8.2 Interest on Government securities, debentures and other fixed
income securities is recognised on accrual basis. Income on discounted
instruments is recognised over the tenor of the instrument on a
straight-line basis.
8.3 Dividend income is accounted on accrual basis when the right to
receive dividend is established.
8.4 Commission (except for commission on Deferred Payment Guarantees
which is recognised on accrual basis), Exchange and Brokerage are
recognised on a transaction date and net off directly attributable
expenses.
8.5 Lease income and service charges earned on the Consumer Finance
Advances are recognised on accrual basis.
8.6 Income from distribution of third party products is recognised on
the basis of business booked.
9) Operating Leases:
Lease rental obligations in respect of assets taken on operating lease
are charged to the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis
over the lease term. Initial direct costs are charged to the Profit and
Loss account.
Assets given under leases in respect of which all the risks and
benefits of ownership are effectively retained by the Bank are
classified as operating leases. Lease rentals received under operating
leases are recognized in the Profit and Loss account on accrual basis
as per contracts.
10) Employee Benefits:
10.1 Payment obligations under the Group Gratuity scheme are managed
through purchase of appropriate insurance policies. The Gratuity scheme
of the Bank is a defined benefit scheme and the expense for the year is
recognized on the basis of actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet
date. The present value of the obligation under such benefit plan is
determined based on independent actuarial valuation using the Projected
Unit Credit Method which recognizes each period of service that give
rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures
each unit separately to build up the final obligation.
10.2 Provident Fund contributions are made under trusts separately
established for the purpose and the scheme administered by Regional
Provident Fund Commissioner (RPFC), as applicable. The rate at which
the annual interest is payable to the beneficiaries by the trusts is
being administered by the government. The Bank has an obligation to
make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the
investments of the trusts and the notified interest rates. Actuarial
valuation of this Provident Fund Interest shortfall has been done as
per the guidance note issued during the year in this respect by the
Actuary Society of India (ASI) and the provision towards this liability
has been made.
10.3 Provision for compensated absences has been made on the basis of
actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The actuarial
valuation is carried out as per the projected unit credit method.
10.4 The Bank has applied the intrinsic value method to account for the
compensation cost of ESOP granted to the employees of the Bank.
Intrinsic value is the amount by which the quoted market price of the
underlying shares on the grant date exceeds the exercise price of the
options. Accordingly, the compensation cost is amortized over the
vesting period.
11) Segment Reporting:
In accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, the Bank has adopted
Segment Reporting as under:
1. Treasury includes all investment portfolio; Profit / Loss on Sale
of Investments, Profit / Loss on foreign exchange transactions,
equities, income from derivatives and money market operations. The
expenses of this segment consist of interest expenses on funds borrowed
from external sources as well as internal sources and depreciation /
amortisation of premium on Held to Maturity category investments.
2. Corporate / Wholesale Banking includes lending to and deposits from
corporate customers and identified earnings and expenses of the
segment.
3. Retail Banking includes lending to and deposits from retail
customers and identified earnings and expenses of the segment.
4. Other Banking Operations includes all other operations not covered
under Treasury, Corporate / Wholesale Banking and Retail Banking.
Unallocated includes Capital and Reserves, Employee Stock Options
(Grants) Outstanding and other unallocable assets and liabilities.
12) Debit and Credit Card reward points liability:
The liability towards Credit Card reward points is based on an
actuarial valuation and liability towards Debit Card reward points is
computed on the basis of management estimates considering past trends.
13) Bullion:
13.1 The Bank imports bullion including precious metal bars on a
consignment basis for selling to its customers. The imports are on a
back-to-back basis and are priced to the customer based on the
prevailing price quoted by the supplier and the local levies related to
the consignment like customs duty etc. The income earned is included in
commission income.
13.2 The Bank also sells gold coins to its customers. The difference
between the sale price to customers and purchase price quoted is
reflected under commission income.
14) Income-tax:
Tax expenses comprise of current and deferred taxes. Current income tax
is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes reflect
the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income
and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences
of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and
the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet
date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there
is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
Unrecognized deferred tax assets of earlier years are re-assessed and
recognised to the extent that it has become reasonably certain that
future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax
assets can be realized.
15) Earnings per Share:
Earnings per share are calculated by dividing the Net Profit or Loss
for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted
earnings per equity share are computed using the weighted average
number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares
outstanding as at end of the year.
16) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets:
A provision is recognised when there is an obligation as a result of
past event, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation, and in respect of which a reliable
estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to their present
value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the
obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each
Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
A disclosure of contingent liability is made when there is:
- A possible obligation arising from a past event, the existence of
which will be confirmed by occurrence or non occurrence of one or more
uncertain future events not within the control of the bank; or
- A present obligation arising from a past event which is not
recognized as it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount
of the obligation cannot be made.
When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect
of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision
or disclosure is made.
Contingent assets are not recognized in the financial statements.
However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is
virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the
assets and related income are recognized in the period in which the
change occurs.
17) Cash and Cash equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents in the cash flow statement comprise Cash in
Hand and Balances with RBI and Balances with Banks and Money at Call
and Short Notice.
Mar 31, 2011
1) General:
1.1 The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on the
historical cost convention, except where otherwise stated, and in
accordance with the accounting standards referred to in Section 211(3C)
of the Companies Act, 1956, and notified by the Companies (Accounting
Standards) Rules, 2006, read with guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank
of India (RBI) and conform to the statutory provisions and practices
prevailing within the banking industry in India.
1.2 The preparation of the financial statements, in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,
liabilities, revenues, expenses and disclosure of contingent
liabilities in the financial statements. Management believes that the
estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements are
prudent and reasonable. Any revisions to the accounting estimates are
recognised prospectively in current and future periods.
2) Transactions involving Foreign Exchange:
2.1 Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are
translated at the balance sheet date at the exchange rates notified by
the Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (FEDAI) and the
resulting gains or losses are recognised in the profit and loss
account.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
2.2 All Foreign Exchange contracts outstanding at the balance sheet
date are re-valued at the rates of exchange notified by the FEDAI for
specified maturities and the resulting gains or losses are recognised
in the profit and loss account.
2.3 The Swap Cost arising on account of foreign currency swap contracts
to convert foreign currency funded liabilities into rupee liability is
charged to Profit and loss account as Interest ÃOthers by amortizing
over the underlying swap period.
2.4 Income and Expenditure items are translated at the rates of
exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction.
2.5 Contingent liability at the balance sheet date on account of
outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts, guarantees,
acceptances, endorsements and other obligations denominated in foreign
currency is stated at the closing rates of exchange notified by FEDAI.
3) Investments:
The significant accounting policies in accordance with the RBI
guidelines and subsequent circulars issued by the RBI are as follows:
3.1 Categorisation of investments:
In accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, the Bank classifies
its investment portfolio into the following three categories:
i) Held to Maturity (HTM) Ã Securities acquired by the Bank with the
intention to hold till maturity.
ii) Held for Trading (HFT) Ã Securities acquired by the Bank with the
intention to trade.
iii) Available for Sale (AFS) Ã Securities which do not fall within
the above two categories are classified as available for sale.
3.2 Classification of Investments:
For the purpose of disclosure in the Balance Sheet, investments have
been classified under six groups as required under RBI guidelines -
Government Securities, Other Approved Securities, Shares, Debentures
and Bonds, Investments in Subsidiaries/ Joint Ventures and Other
Investments.
3.3 Valuation of Investments:
(i) Held to Maturity à These investments are carried at their
acquisition cost. Any premium on acquisition is amortised over the
balance period to maturity. The amortised amount is deducted from
Interest earned à Income on investments (Item II of Schedule 13). The
book value of security is reduced to the extent of amount amortised
during the relevant accounting period. Diminution other than temporary,
if any, in the value of such investments is determined and provided for
on each investment individually.
(ii) Held for Trading à Each scrip in this category is re-valued at
the market price or fair value and the resultant depreciation of each
scrip in this category is recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
Appreciation, if any, is ignored. Market value of government securities
is determined on the basis of the prices/ YTM published by RBI or the
prices/ YTM periodically declared by Primary Dealers Association of
India (PDAI) jointly with Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives
Association (FIMMDA) for valuation at year-end. In case of unquoted
government securities, market price or fair value is determined as per
the prices/ YTM published by FIMMDA.
(iii) Available for Sale à Each scrip in this category is re-valued
at the market price or fair value and the resultant depreciation of
each scrip in this category is recognised in the Profit and Loss
account. Appreciation, if any, is ignored.
Market value of government securities (excluding treasury bills) is
determined on the basis of the price list published by RBI or the
prices periodically declared by PDAI jointly with FIMMDA for valuation
at year- end. In case of unquoted government securities market price or
fair value is determined as per the rates published by FIMMDA.
Market value of other debt securities is determined based on the yield
curve and spreads provided by FIMMDA.
Equity shares are valued at cost or the closing quotes on a recognised
stock exchange, whichever is lower.
Treasury bills are valued at carrying cost, which includes discount
amortised over the period to maturity.
Units of mutual funds are valued at the lower of cost and net asset
value provided by the respective mutual funds.
(iv) Investments in Equity Shares held as Long-term investments by
erstwhile IndusInd Enterprises & Finance Ltd. and Ashok Leyland Finance
Ltd. (since merged) are valued at cost. Provision towards diminution in
the value of such Long-term investments is made only if the diminution
in value is not temporary in the opinion of management.
(v) Settlement Date accounting method is followed for recording
purchase and sale of transactions in Government securities.
(vi) Broken period interest on debt instruments is treated as a revenue
item. Brokerage, commission, etc. pertaining to investments paid at
the time of acquisition is charged to revenue.
(vii) In line with the RBI guidelines on uniform accounting
methodology, with effect from 1st April 2010, Repurchase (Repo) /
Reverse Repurchase (Reverse Repo) transactions are accounted for as
Borrowing/ Lending respectively. On completion of the second leg of the
Repo / Reverse Repo transaction, the difference between the
consideration amounts is reckoned as Interest Expenditure / Income.
Amounts outstanding in Repo / Reverse Repo account as at the Balance
Sheet date is shown as a part of Borrowings/ Money at Call and at Short
Notice respectively, and only the accrued expenditure / income till the
Balance Sheet date is taken to Profit and Loss account. Outstanding
Repo transactions are marked to market as per the investment
classification of the security.
(viii) Profit in respect of investments sold from ÃHTMÃ category is
included in Profit on Sale of Investments and an equivalent amount (net
of taxes if any, and transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to
such profits) is transferred out of P & L Appropriation account after
tax to Capital Reserve account.
(ix) Security Receipts (SR) are valued at the lower of redemption value
of the security or the Net Asset Value (NAV) obtained from
Securitization Company / Reconstruction Company.
(x) In the event, provisions created on account of depreciation in the
AFS or HFT categories are found to be in excess of the required
amount in any year, the excess is credited to Profit and Loss account
and an equivalent amount (net of taxes, if any and net of transfer to
Statutory Reserves as applicable to such excess provision) is
appropriated to an Investment Reserve account (IRA) in Schedule 2 Ã
ÃReserves &
Surplusà under the head Revenue & Other reserves. The balance in IRA
account is included under Tier II within the overall ceiling of 1.25%
of total Risk Weighted Assets prescribed for General Provisions / Loss
reserves.
The balance in IRA account is used to meet provision on account of
depreciation in AFS and HFT categories by transferring an equivalent
amount to Profit and Loss account as and when required.
4) Derivatives
Derivative contracts are designated as hedging or trading and accounted
for as follows:
(i) The hedging contracts comprise forward rate agreements, interest
rate swaps and currency swaps undertaken to hedge interest rate risk on
certain assets and liabilities. The net interest receivable / payable
is accounted on an accrual basis over the life of the swaps. However,
where the hedge is designated with an asset or liability that is
carried at market value or lower of cost and market value in the
financial statements, then the hedging is also marked to market with
the resulting gain or loss recorded as an adjustment to the market
value of designated assets or liabilities.
(ii) The trading contracts comprise proprietary trading in interest
rate swaps and currency futures. The gain / loss arising on unwinding
or termination of the contracts, is accounted for in the Profit and
Loss account. Trading contracts outstanding as at the balance sheet
date are re-valued at their fair value and resulting gains / losses are
recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
(iii) Premium paid and received on currency options is accounted
up-front in the Profit and Loss account as all options are undertaken
on a back-to-back basis.
(iv) Provisioning of overdue customer receivable on derivative
contracts, if any, is made as per RBI guidelines.
(v) In accordance with the Prudential Norms for Off-balance Sheet
Exposures issued by RBI, provisioning against outstanding credit
exposure as at the balance sheet date is made, as is applicable to the
assets of the concerned counterparties under standard category.
Credit exposures are computed as per the current marked to market value
of the contract arising on account of interest rate and foreign
exchange derivative transactions.
5) Advances:
5.1 Advances are classified as per the RBI guidelines into standard,
sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets after considering subsequent
recoveries to date.
5.2 Provision for non-performing assets is made in conformity with the
RBI guidelines.
5.3 In accordance with RBI guidelines, general provision on standard
assets has been made as under:
a) At 1% of standard advances to Commercial Real Estate Sector
b) At 0.25% of standard direct advances to SME and Agriculture
c) And at 0.40% of the balance outstanding standard advance.
5.4 Advances disclosed under Schedule 9 of the Balance Sheet are net of
provisions and interest suspended for non- performing advances.
Provision made against standard assets is included in Other
Liabilities and Provisions.
5.5 Advances include the Banks participation in / contributions to
Pass Through Certificates (PTCs) and /or to the asset-backed assignment
of loan assets of other banks / financial institutions where the Bank
has participated on risk-sharing basis.
5.6 Advances exclude derecognised securitised advances, inter-bank
participation and bills rediscounted.
5.7 Amounts recovered against bad debts written off in earlier years
are recognised to the Profit and Loss account.
5.8 Provisions no longer considered necessary in context of the current
status of the borrower as a performing asset, are written back to the
Profit and Loss account to the extent such provisions were charged to
the Profit and Loss account.
5.9 Restructured / rescheduled accounts:
In case of restructured / rescheduled accounts provision is made for
the sacrifice against erosion/ diminution in fair value of restructured
loans, in accordance with RBI guidelines.
The erosion in fair value of the advances is computed as the difference
between fair value of the loan before and after restructuring.
Fair value of the loan before restructuring is computed as the present
value of cash flows representing the interest at the existing rate
charged on the advance before restructuring and the principal,
discounted at a rate equal to the Banks BPLR / Base Rate as on the
date of restructuring plus the appropriate term premium and credit risk
premium for the borrower category on the date of restructuring.
Fair value of the loan after restructuring is computed as the present
value of cash flows representing the interest at the rate charged on
the advance on restructuring and the principal, discounted at a rate
equal to Banks BPLR / Base Rate as on the date of restructuring plus
the appropriate term premium and credit risk premium for the borrower
category on the date of restructuring.
In cases restructured under CDR, the amount of sacrifice is generally
as per the CDR package. The restructured accounts have been classified
in accordance with RBI guidelines, including special dispensation
wherever allowed.
6) Securitisation Transactions:
6.1 The Bank transfers loans through securitisation transactions. The
Bank securitises its loan receivables both through Bilateral Direct
Assignment route as well as transfer to Special Purpose Vehicles
(SPV) in securitisation transactions.
6.2 The securitisation transactions are without recourse to the Bank.
The transferred loans and such securitised-out receivables are
de-recognised in the balance sheet as and when these are sold (true
sale criteria being fully met) and the consideration has been received
by the Bank. Gains / losses are recognised only if the Bank surrenders
the rights to the benefits specified in the loan contracts.
6.3 In respect of certain transactions, the Bank provides credit
enhancements in the form of cash collaterals / guarantee and/or by
subordination of cashflows to senior Pass Through Certificates (PTC).
Retained interest and subordinated PTCs are disclosed under ÃAdvancesÃ
in the balance sheet.
6.4 Recognition of gain or loss arising out of Securitisation of
Standard Assets :
In terms of RBI guidelines, profit/premium arising on account of sale
of standard assets, being the difference between the sale consideration
and book value, is amortised over the life of the securities issued by
the Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV).
Any loss arising on account of the sale is recognized in the Profit and
Loss Account in the period in which the sale occurs.
7) Fixed Assets:
7.1 Fixed assets (including assets given on operating lease) have been
stated at cost (except in the case of premises which were re-valued
based on values determined by approved valuers) less accumulated
depreciation and impairment, if any. Cost includes incidental
expenditure incurred on the assets before they are ready for intended
use. The carrying amount of fixed assets is reviewed at each balance
sheet date if there are any indications of impairment based on internal
/ external factors.
7.2 The appreciation on revaluation is credited to Revaluation Reserve.
Depreciation relating to revaluation is adjusted against the
Revaluation Reserve.
7.3 Depreciation has been provided pro rata for the period of use, on
Straight Line Method at such rates that are reflective of managements
estimate of the useful life of the related fixed assets. These rates
are as prescribed under Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, except
in respect of the following where the rates adopted are higher than the
prescribed rates:
(a) Computers at 33.33% p.a.
(b) Furniture and Fixtures at 10% p.a.
(c) Electrical Installations at 10% p.a.
(d) Other Office Equipment at 10% p.a.
(e) Vehicles at 20% p.a.
Taking into account various criteria such as changes in technology,
changes in business environment, utility and efficacy of an asset class
to meet with intended user needs, etc., the useful life of an asset
class is periodically assessed. Whenever there is a revision in the
estimated useful life of an asset, the unamortised depreciable amount
will be charged over the revised remaining useful life of the said
asset.
8) Revenue Recognition:
8.1 Income by way of interest and discount on performing assets is
recognised on accrual basis and on non- performing assets the same is
recognised on realisation.
8.2 Interest on Government securities, debentures and other fixed
income securities is recognised on accrual basis. Income on discounted
instruments is recognised over the tenor of the instrument on a
straight-line basis.
8.3 Dividend income is accounted on accrual basis when the right to
receive payment is established.
8.4 Commission (except for commission on Deferred Payment Guarantees
which is recognised on accrual basis), exchange and brokerage are
recognised on realisation.
8.5 Lease income and service charges earned on the Consumer Finance
Advances are recognised on accrual basis.
8.6 Income from distribution of third party products is recognised on
the basis of business booked.
9) Operating Leases:
Lease rental obligations in respect of assets taken on operating lease
are charged to profit and loss account on straight-line basis over the
lease term. Initial direct costs are charged to profit and loss
account.
Assets given under leases in respect of which all the risks and
benefits of ownership are effectively retained by the Bank are
classified as operating leases. Lease rentals received under operating
leases are recognized in the profit and loss account on accrual basis
as per contracts.
10) Retirement and Other Employee Benefits :
10.1 Payment obligations under the Group Gratuity scheme are managed
through purchase of appropriate insurance policies. The Gratuity scheme
of the Bank is a defined benefit scheme and the expense for the year is
recognized on the basis of actuarial valuation as at the balance sheet
date.
10.2 Provident fund contributions are made under trusts separately
established for the purpose and the scheme administered by Regional
Provident Fund Commissioner (RPFC), as applicable.
10.3 Provision for compensated absences has been made in the accounts
on the basis of actuarial valuation as at the balance sheet date. The
actuarial valuation is carried out as per the projected unit credit
method.
10.4 The Bank has applied the intrinsic value method to account for the
compensation cost of ESOP granted to the employees of the Bank.
Intrinsic value is the amount by which the quoted market price of the
underlying shares on the grant date exceeds the exercise price of the
options. Accordingly, the compensation cost is amortized over the
vesting period.
11) Segment Reporting:
In accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, Bank has adopted
Segment Reporting as under:
1. Treasury includes all investment portfolio, profit / loss on sale
of investments, profit/loss on foreign exchange transactions, equities,
income from derivatives and money market operations. The expenses of
this segment consist of interest expenses on funds borrowed from
external sources as well as internal sources and depreciation/
amortisation of premium on Held to Maturity category investments.
2. Corporate/ Wholesale Banking includes lending and deposits from
corporate customers and identified earnings and expenses of the
segment.
3. Retail Banking includes lending and deposits from retail customers
and identified earnings and expenses of the segment.
4. Other Banking Operations includes all other operations not covered
under Treasury, Wholesale Banking and Retail Banking.
12) Income-tax:
Tax expenses comprise current and deferred taxes. Current income tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes reflect
the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income
and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences
of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and
the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet
date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there
is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
Unrecognized
deferred tax assets of earlier years are re-assessed and recognised to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain that future taxable
income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realized.
13) Earnings per Share:
Earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss
for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted
earnings per equity share have been computed using the weighted average
number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares
outstanding as at end of the year.
14) Provisions:
A provision is recognised when there is an obligation as a result of
past event, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation, and in respect of which a reliable
estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to their present
value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the
obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each
balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
15) Others:
Cash and cash equivalents in the cash flow statement comprise cash in
hand and balances with RBI (Schedule 6) and balances with banks and
money at call and short notice (Schedule 7).
Mar 31, 2010
1) General:
1.1 The accompanying fi nancial statements have been prepared on the
historical cost convention, except where otherwise stated, and in
accordance with the accounting standards referred to in Section 211(3C)
of the Companies Act, 1956, and notifi ed by the Companies (Accounting
Standards) Rules, 2006, read with guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank
of India (ÃRBIÃ) and conform to the statutory provisions and practices
prevailing within the banking industry in India.
1.2 The preparation of the fi nancial statements, in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,
liabilities, revenues, expenses and disclosure of contingent
liabilities in the fi nancial statements. Management believes that the
estimates used in the preparation of the fi nancial statements are
prudent and reasonable. Any revisions to the accounting estimates are
recognised prospectively in current and future periods.
2) Transactions involving Foreign Exchange:
2.1 Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are
translated at the balance sheet date at the exchange rates notifi ed by
the Foreign Exchange Dealersà Association of India (ÃFEDAIÃ) and the
resulting gains or losses are recognised in the profi t and loss
account.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
2.2 All Foreign Exchange contracts outstanding at the balance sheet
date are re-valued at the rates of exchange notifi ed by the FEDAI for
specifi ed maturities and the resulting gains or losses are recognised
in the profi t and loss account.
2.3 The Swap Cost arising on account of foreign currency swap contracts
to convert foreign currency funded liabilities into rupee liability is
charged to Profi t and loss account as ÃInterest - Othersà by
amortizing over the underlying swap period.
2.4 Income and Expenditure items are translated at the rates of
exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction.
2.5 Contingent liability at the balance sheet date on account of
outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts, guarantees,
acceptances, endorsements and other obligations denominated in foreign
currency is stated at the closing rates of exchange notifi ed by FEDAI.
3) Investments:
The signifi cant accounting policies in accordance with the RBI
guidelines and subsequent circulars issued by the RBI are as follows:
3.1 Categorisation of Investments:
In accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, the Bank classifi es
its investment portfolio into the following three categories:
i) ÃHeld to Maturityà (HTM) à Securities acquired by the Bank with the
intention to hold till maturity.
ii) ÃHeld for Tradingà (HFT) à Securities acquired by the Bank with the
intention to trade.
iii) ÃAvailable for Saleà (AFS) à Securities which do not fall within
the above two categories are classifi ed as Ãavailable for saleÃ.
3.2 Classifi cation of Investments:
For the purpose of disclosure in the Balance Sheet, investments have
been classifi ed under six groups as required under RBI guidelines -
Government Securities, Other Approved Securities, Shares, Debentures
and Bonds, Investments in Subsidiaries / Joint Ventures and Other
Investments.
3.3 Valuation of Investments:
(i) Held to Maturity à These investments are carried at their
acquisition cost. Any premium on acquisition is amortised over the
balance period to maturity. The amortised amount is deducted from
Interest earned à Income
on investments (Item II of Schedule 13). The book value of security is
reduced to the extent of amount amortised during the relevant
accounting period. Diminution other than temporary, if any, in the
value of such investments is determined and provided for on each
investment individually.
(ii) Held for Trading à Each scrip in this category is re-valued at
the market price or fair value and the resultant depreciation of each
scrip in this category is recognised in the Profi t and Loss account.
Appreciation, if any, is ignored. Market value of government securities
is determined on the basis of the prices / YTM published by RBI or the
prices / YTM periodically declared by Primary Dealers Association of
India (PDAI) jointly with Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives
Association (FIMMDA) for valuation at year-end. In case of unquoted
government securities, market price or fair value is determined as per
the prices / YTM published by FIMMDA.
(iii) Available for Sale à Each scrip in this category is re-valued
at the market price or fair value and the resultant depreciation of
each scrip in this category is recognised in the Profi t and Loss
account. Appreciation, if any, is ignored.
Market value of government securities (excluding treasury bills) is
determined on the basis of the price list published by RBI or the
prices periodically declared by PDAI jointly with FIMMDA for valuation
at year-end. In case of unquoted government securities market price or
fair value is determined as per the rates published by
FIMMDA.
Market value of other debt securities is determined based on the yield
curve and spreads provided by
FIMMDA.
Equity shares are valued at cost or the closing quotes on a recognised
stock exchange, whichever is lower.
Treasury bills are valued at carrying cost, which includes discount
amortised over the period to maturity.
Units of mutual funds are valued at the lower of cost and net asset
value provided by the respective mutual funds.
(iv) Investments in Equity Shares held as Long-term investments by
erstwhile IndusInd Enterprises & Finance Ltd. and Ashok Leyland Finance
Ltd. (since merged) are valued at cost. Provision towards diminution in
the value of such Long-term investments is made only if the diminution
in value is not temporary in the opinion of management.
(v) Broken period interest on debt instruments is treated as a revenue
item. Brokerage, commission, etc. pertaining to investments paid at the
time of acquisition is charged to revenue.
(vi) Repurchase (REPO) and reverse repurchase (reverse REPO)
transactions are considered and accounted for on an outright sale and
purchase basis. REPO interest Income / Expenditure is accounted based
on the RBI guidelines. However, depreciation in their value, if any,
compared to their original book value, in case of reverse REPO is
recognised in the Profi t & Loss Account.
(vii) Profi t in respect of investments sold from ÃHTMÃ category is
included in Profi t on Sale of Investments and equal amount is
transferred out of P & L Appropriation account after tax and Statutory
Reserve, to Capital Reserve account.
(viii) Security Receipts (SR) are valued at the lower of redemption
value of the security or the Net Asset Value (NAV) obtained from
Securitization Company / Reconstruction Company.
(ix) In the event, provisions created on account of depreciation in the
ÃAFSÃ or ÃHFTÃ categories are found to be in excess of the required
amount in any year, the excess is credited to Profi t and Loss account
and an equivalent amount (net of taxes, if any and net of transfer to
Statutory Reserves as applicable to such excess provision) is
appropriated to an Investment Reserve account (IRA) in Schedule 2 Ã
ÃReserves & Surplusà under the head ÃRevenue & Other reservesÃ. The
balance in IRA account is included under Tier II within the overall
ceiling of 1.25% of total Risk Weighted Assets prescribed for General
Provisions / Loss reserves.
The balance in IRA account is used to meet provision on account of
depreciation in AFS and HFT categories by transferring an equivalent
amount to Profi t and Loss account as and when required.
4) Derivatives:
Derivative contracts are designated as hedging or trading and accounted
for as follows:
(i) The hedging contracts comprise forward rate agreements, interest
rate swaps and currency swaps undertaken to hedge interest rate risk on
certain assets and liabilities. The net interest receivable / payable
is accounted on an accrual basis over the life of the swaps. However,
where the hedge is designated with an asset or liability that is
carried at market value or lower of cost and market value in the fi
nancial statements, then the hedging is also marked to market with the
resulting gain or loss recorded as an adjustment to the market value of
designated assets or liabilities.
(ii) The trading contracts comprise proprietary trading in interest
rate swaps and currency futures. The gain / loss arising on unwinding
or termination of the contracts, is accounted for in the Profi t and
Loss account. Trading contracts outstanding as at the balance sheet
date are re-valued at their fair value and resulting gains / losses are
recognised in the Profi t and Loss account.
(iiii) Premium paid and received on currency options is accounted
up-front in the Profi t and Loss account as all options are undertaken
on a back-to-back basis.
(iv) Provisioning of overdue customer receivable on derivative
contracts, if any, is made as per RBI guidelines.
5) Advances:
5.1 Advances are classifi ed as per the RBI guidelines into standard,
sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets after considering subsequent
recoveries to date.
5.2 Provision for non-performing assets is made in conformity with the
RBI guidelines.
5.3 In accordance with RBI guidelines, general provision on standard
assets has been made as under:
a) At 1% of standard advances to Commercial Real Estate Sector
b) At 0.25% of standard direct advances to SME and Agriculture
c) And at 0.40% of the balance outstanding standard advance.
5.4 Advances are disclosed in the Balance Sheet, net of provisions and
interest suspended for non-performing advances. Provision made against
standard assets is included in ÃOther Liabilities and ProvisionsÃ.
5.5 Advances include the BankÃs participation in / contributions to
Pass Through Certifi cates (PTCs) and / or to the asset-backed
assignment of loan assets of other banks / fi nancial institutions
where the Bank has participated on risk-sharing basis.
5.6 Advances exclude derecognised securitised advances, inter-bank
participation and bills rediscounted.
5.7 Amounts recovered against bad debts written off in earlier years
are recognised to the Profi t and Loss account.
5.8 Provisions no longer considered necessary in context of the current
status of the borrower as a performing asset, are written back to the
Profi t and Loss account to the extent such provisions were charged to
the Profi t and Loss account.
5.9 Restructured / rescheduled accounts:
In case of restructured / rescheduled accounts provision is made for
the sacrifi ce against erosion / diminution in fair value of
restructured loans, in accordance with the general framework of
restructuring of advances issued by RBI vide circular dated August 27,
2008 and Master Circular dated July 07, 2009.
The erosion in fair value of the advances is computed as the difference
between fair value of the loan before and after restructuring.
Fair value of the loan before restructuring is computed as the present
value of cash fl ows representing the interest at the existing rate
charged on the advance before restructuring and the principal,
discounted at a rate equal to the
BankÃs BPLR as on the date of restructuring plus the appropriate term
premium and credit risk premium for the borrower category on the date
of restructuring.
Fair value of the loan after restructuring is computed as the present
value of cash fl ows representing the interest at the rate charged on
the advance on restructuring and the principal, discounted at a rate
equal to BankÃs BPLR as on the date of restructuring plus the
appropriate term premium and credit risk premium for the borrower
category on the date of restructuring.
The restructured accounts have been classifi ed in accordance with RBI
guidelines, including special dispensation wherever allowed.
6) Securitisation Transactions:
6.1 The Bank transfers loans through securitisation transactions. The
Bank securitises its loan receivables both through Bilateral Direct
Assignment route as well as transfer to Special Purpose Vehicles
(ÃSPVÃ) in securitisation transactions.
6.2 The securitisation transactions are without recourse to the Bank.
The transferred loans and such securitised-out receivables are
de-recognised in the balance sheet as and when these are sold (true
sale criteria being fully met) and the consideration has been received
by the Bank. Gains / losses are recognised only if the Bank surrenders
the rights to the benefi ts specifi ed in the loan contracts.
6.3 In respect of certain transactions, the Bank provides credit
enhancements in the form of cash collaterals / guarantee and / or by
subordination of cashfl ows to senior Pass Through Certifi cates (PTC).
Retained interest and subordinated PTCs are disclosed under ÃAdvancesÃ
in the balance sheet.
6.4 Recognition of gain or loss arising out of Securitisation of
Standard Assets:
In terms of RBI guidelines, profi t / premium arising on account of
sale of standard assets, being the difference between the sale
consideration and book value, is amortised over the life of the
securities issued by the Special Purpose Vehicles (ÃSPVÃ).
Any loss arising on account of the sale is recognised in the Profi t
and Loss Account in the period in which the sale occurs.
7) Fixed Assets:
7.1 Fixed assets (including assets given on operating lease) have been
stated at cost (except in the case of premises which were re-valued
based on values determined by approved valuers) less accumulated
depreciation and impairment, if any. Cost includes incidental
expenditure incurred on the assets before they are ready for intended
use. The carrying amount of fi xed assets is reviewed at each balance
sheet date if there are any indications of impairment based on internal
/ external factors.
7.2 The appreciation on revaluation is credited to Revaluation Reserve.
Depreciation relating to revaluation is adjusted against the
Revaluation Reserve.
7.3 Depreciation has been provided pro rata for the period of use, on
Straight Line Method as per the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV to
the Companies Act, 1956, except in respect of computers, which are
depreciated at the rate of 33.33%. These rates are refl ective of
managementÃs estimate of the useful life of the related fi xed assets.
8) Revenue Recognition:
8.1 Income by way of interest and discount on performing assets is
recognised on accrual basis and on non-performing assets, the same is
accounted for on realisation.
8.2 Interest on Government securities, debentures and other fi xed
income securities is recognised on accrual basis. Income on discounted
instruments is recognised over the tenor of the instrument on a
straight-line basis.
8.3 Dividend income is accounted on accrual basis when the right to
receive payment is established.
8.4 Commission (except for commission on Deferred Payment Guarantees
which is recognised on accrual basis), exchange and brokerage are
recognised on realisation.
8.5 Lease income and service charges earned on the Consumer Finance
Advances are recognised on accrual basis.
8.6 Income from distribution of insurance products is recognised on the
basis of business booked.
9) Operating Leases:
Lease rental obligations in respect of assets taken on operating lease
are charged to profi t and loss account on straight-line basis over the
lease term. Initial direct costs are charged to profi t and loss
account.
Assets given under leases in respect of which all the risks and benefi
ts of ownership are effectively retained by the Bank are classifi ed as
operating leases. Lease rentals received under operating leases are
recognised in the profi t and loss account on accrual basis as per
contracts.
10) Retirement and Other Employee Benefi ts:
10.1 Payments under the Group Gratuity policies of the Bank are made to
Life Insurance Corporation of India and Aviva Life Insurance Company
India Limited. The Gratuity scheme of the Bank is a defi ned benefi t
scheme and the expense for the year is recognised on the basis of
actuarial valuation as at the balance sheet date.
10.2 Provident fund contributions are made under trust separately
established for the purpose and the scheme administered by Regional
Provident Fund Commissioner (RPFC), as applicable.
10.3 Provision for compensated absences has been made in the accounts
on the basis of actuarial valuation as at the balance sheet date. The
actuarial valuation is carried out as per the projected unit credit
method.
10.4 The Bank has applied the intrinsic value method to account for the
compensation cost of ESOP granted to the employees of the Bank.
Intrinsic value is the amount by which the quoted market price of the
underlying shares on the grant date exceeds the exercise price of the
options. Accordingly, the compensation cost is amortized over the
vesting period.
11) Segment Reporting:
In accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, Bank has adopted
Segment Reporting as under:
1. Treasury includes all investment portfolio, profi t / loss on sale
of investments, profi t / loss on foreign exchange transactions,
equities, income from derivatives and money market operations. The
expenses of this segment consist of interest expenses on funds borrowed
from external sources as well as internal sources and depreciation /
amortisation of premium on Held to Maturity category investments.
2. Corporate / Wholesale Banking includes lending and deposits from
corporate customers and identifi ed earnings and expenses of the
segment.
3. Retail Banking includes lending and deposits from retail customers
and identifi ed earnings and expenses of the segment.
4. Other Banking Operations includes all other operations not covered
under Treasury, Wholesale Banking and Retail Banking.
12) Income-tax:
Tax expenses comprise current and deferred taxes. Current income tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes refl
ect the impact of current year timing differences between taxable
income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing
differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax
rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance
sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that
there is reasonable certainty that suffi cient future taxable income
will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realized. Unrecognised deferred tax assets of earlier years are
re-assessed and recognised to the extent that it has become reasonably
certain that future taxable income will be available against which such
deferred tax assets can be realised.
13) Earnings per Share:
Earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profi t or loss
for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting
attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares
outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per equity share have
been computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and
dilutive potential equity shares outstanding as at end of the year.
14) Provisions:
A provision is recognised when there is an obligation as a result of
past event. It is probable that an outfl ow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable
estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to their present
value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the
obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each
balance sheet date and adjusted to refl ect the current best estimates.
15) Others:
Cash and cash equivalents in the cash fl ow statement comprise cash and
balances with RBI (Schedule 6) and balances with banks and money at
call and short notice (Schedule 7).