Accounting Policies of K&R Rail Engineering Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2025

1 General Information

K&R Rail Engineering Limited (âthe Companyâ) (formerly known as Axis Rail India Limited ) is a Public Limited Company having its registered office at Hyderabad, India. The Company is carrying on the business of providing end to end EPCC services which includes Earth Work, Bridges & Civil Works, Track Works, Overhead Electrifications (OHE) works, Signaling & Telecommunication (S&T) works, Railway Operation & Maintenance (O&M) and Consultancy in preparing details DPRs and other allied activities.

2 Basis of preparation of financial statements

2.1 Statement of Compliance

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance of Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015 notified under Section 133 of Companies Act 2013 (the âActâ) and other relevant provisions of the Act.

The financial statements were authorised for issue by the Companyâs Board of Directors on June 14, 2025.

Details of the accounting policies are included in Note 3.

2.2 Basis of measurement

These financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost convention and on an accrual basis, except for the following material items in the statement of financial position:

Certain financial assets are and liabilities are measured at fair value;

long term borrowings are measured at amortised cost using effective interest rate method.

2.3 Functional currency

The financial statements are presented in Indian rupees, which is the functional currency of the Company. Functional currency of an entity is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates.

All amounts are in Indian Rupees except share data, unless otherwise stated.

2.4 Operating cycle

All the assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Companyâs normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013.

Assets:

An asset is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

a) it is expected to be realized in, or is intended for sale or consumption in, the Companyâs normal operating cycle;

b) it is held primarily for the purpose of being traded;

c) it is expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting date; or

d) it is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

Liabilities:

A liability is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

a) it is expected to be settled in the Companyâs normal operating cycle;

b) it is held primarily for the purpose of being traded;

c) it is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting date; or

d) the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date. Terms of a liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification. Current assets/ liabilities include the current portion of non-current assets/ liabilities respectively. All other assets/ liabilities are classified as noncurrent.

2.5 Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty Operating cycle

In the application of the Companyâs accounting policies, which are described in note 3, the management of the Company are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

The following are the areas of estimation uncertainty and critical judgements that the management has made in the process of applying the Companyâs accounting policies and that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements:

Provision and contingent liability

On an ongoing basis, Company reviews pending cases, claims by third parties and other contingencies. For contingent losses that are considered probable, an estimated loss is recorded as an accrual in financial statements. Loss Contingencies that are considered possible are not provided for but disclosed as Contingent liabilities in the financial statements. Contingencies the likelihood of which is remote are not disclosed in the financial statements. Gain contingencies are not recognized until the contingency has been resolved and amounts are received or receivable.

Useful lives of depreciable assets

Management reviews the useful lives of depreciable assets at each reporting. As at March 31, 2025 management assessed that the useful lives represent the expected utility of the assets to the Company. Further, there is no significant change in the useful lives as compared to previous year.

2.6 Measurement of fair values

A number of the Companyâs accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.

Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

- Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

- Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

- Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorised in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

The Company recognises transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

3 Significant accounting policies

3.1 Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount can be reliably measured.

â¢ Revenue is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable taking into account the amount of discounts, volume rebates and GST are recognised when all significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods sold are transferred.

â¢ The recognition of revenue and expenses by reference to the stage of complete of a contract is referred to as the percentage of completion method. Under this method, contract revenue is matched with the contract costs incurred in reaching the stage of completion, resulting in the reporting of revenue, expenses and profit which can be attributed to the proportion of work completed at the reporting date as per the IAS and Income Disclosure Standards.

â¢ Interest income is accrued on, time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that assetâs net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Leases under which the Company assumes substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Such assets are capitalized at fair value of the asset or present value of the minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease, whichever is lower. Assets held under leases that do not transfer substantially all the risks and reward of ownership are not recognized in the balance sheet.

Further, at the inception of above arrangement, the Company determines whether the above arrangement is or contains a lease. At inception or on reassessment of an arrangement that contains a lease, the Company separates a payments and other consideration required by the arrangement into those for the lease and those for other elements on the basis of their relative fair values.

If the Company concludes for a finance lease that it is impracticable to separate the payments reliably, then an asset and a liability are recognised at an amount equal to the fair value of the underlying asset; subsequently, the liability is reduced as payments are made and an imputed finance cost on the liability is recognised using the Companyâs incremental borrowing rate.

Minimum lease payments made under finance leases are apportioned between the finance charge and the reduction of the outstanding liability. The finance charge is allocated to each period during the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.

3.3 Foreign currencies

In preparing the financial statements of the Company, transactions in currencies other than the companyâs functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated. Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

3.4 Borrowing costs

Specific borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use and borrowing costs are being incurred. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

Borrowing cost includes interest expense, amortization of discounts, ancillary costs incurred in connection with borrowing of funds and exchange difference arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the Interest cost.

3.5 Taxation

Current tax

Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized using the balance sheet method, providing for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognized for the following temporary differences: the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit; differences relating to investments in subsidiaries and jointly controlled entities to the extent that it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and taxable temporary differences arising upon the initial recognition of goodwill. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to the temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.

A deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.

Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to equity shareholders for the year relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Potential equity shares are deemed to be dilutive only if their conversion to equity shares would decrease the net profit per share.

3.7 Property, plant and equipment

The initial cost of PPE comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, and any directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to working condition and location for its intended use, including relevant borrowing costs and any expected costs of decommissioning, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Expenditure incurred after the PPE have been put into operation, such as repairs and maintenance, are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the costs are incurred.

If significant parts of an item of PPE have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of PPE.

Material items such as spare parts, stand-by equipment and service equipment are classified as PPE when they meet the definition of PPE as specified in Ind AS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment.

3.8 Expenditure during construction period

Expenditure during construction period (including financing cost related to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of qualifying PPE) is included under Capital Work-in-Progress, and the same is allocated to the respective PPE on the completion of their construction. Advances given towards acquisition or construction of PPE outstanding at each reporting date are disclosed as Capital Advances under âOther non-current Assetsâ.

3.9 Depreciation

Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of PPE over its useful life and is provided on a Straight Line basis over the useful lives as prescribed in Schedule II to the Act or as per technical assessment.

Depreciable amount for PPE is the cost of PPE less its estimated residual value. The useful life of PPE is the period over which PPE is expected to be available for use by the Company, or the number of production or similar units expected to be obtained from the asset by the Company

The Company has componentised its PPE and has separately assessed the life of major components. In case of certain classes of PPE, the Company uses different useful lives than those prescribed in Schedule II to the Act. The useful lives have been assessed based on technical advice, taking into account the nature of the PPE and the estimated usage of the asset on the basis of managementâs best estimation of obtaining economic benefits from those classes of assets.

Such classes of assets and their estimated useful lives are as under:

Particulars	Useful life
Buildings	30 years
Plant and Machinery	9 years
Office Equipment	5 years
Computers	3 years
Furniture and Fixtures	10 years
Vehicles	8 years

Depreciation on additions is provided on a pro-rata basis from the month of installation or acquisition and in case of Projects from the date of commencement of commercial production. Depreciation on deductions/disposals is provided on a pro-rata basis up to the date of deduction/disposal.

3.10 Intangible assets and amortisation

Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment. Intangible assets are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis, from the date that they are available for use.

Amortization

The estimated useful life of an identifiable intangible asset is based on a number of factors including the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition and other economic factors (such as the stability of the industry and known technological advances) and the level of maintenance expenditures required to obtain the expected future cash flows from the asset.

3.11 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the Balance Sheet comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term deposits with banks that are readily convertible into cash which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value and are held for the purpose of meeting short-term cash commitments.

3.12 Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated. Favourable Bank overdrafts are classified as part of cash and cash equivalent, as they form an integral part of an entityâs cash management.

3.13 Inventories / Stock-in-Trade / Work in Progress

The Company has to procure land for laying of Railway tracks and for construction of bridges in connection with laying of Railway tracks as per the requirements and approvals of Railways. Accordingly, such land will form part of stock in trade for the Company, as the same will be billed to the Customer. Untill the sale of such land to the Customer, the same will be disclosed as Stock in trade in the financial statements. The Work in progress represents the constructions carried out but not yet certificed by the Customer. It includes the cost of materials used and other supplies held for use in the construction.

3.14 Government grants

Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with.

Where the Company receives non-monetary grants, the asset and the grant are accounted at fair value and recognised in the statement of profit and loss over the expected useful life of the asset.

3.15 Impairment of non financial assets

The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit (as defined below) is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or the cash-generating unit. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (the âcash-generating unitâ).

An impairment loss is recognized in the income statement if the estimated recoverable amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit is lower than its carrying amount. Impairment losses recognized in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the assetâs carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized. Goodwill that forms part of the carrying amount of an investment in an associate is not recognized separately, and therefore is not tested for impairment separately. Instead, the entire amount of the investment in an associate is tested for impairment as a single asset when there is objective evidence that the investment in an associate may be impaired.

An impairment loss in respect of equity accounted investee is measured by comparing the recoverable amount of investment with its carrying amount. An impairment loss is recognized in the income statement, and reversed if there has been a favorable change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount.

3.16 Employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognized for the amount expected to be paid if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.

Defined contribution plans

The Companyâs contributions to defined contribution plans are charged to the income statement as and when the services are received from the employees.

Defined benefit plans

The liability in respect of defined benefit plans and other post-employment benefits is calculated using the projected unit credit method consistent with the advice of qualified actuaries. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using interest rates of high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid, and that have terms to maturity approximating to the terms of the related defined benefit obligation. In countries where there is no deep market in such bonds, the market rates on government bonds are used. The current service cost of the defined benefit plan, recognized in the income statement in employee benefit expense, reflects the increase in the defined benefit obligation resulting from employee service in the current year, benefit changes, curtailments and settlements. Past service costs are recognized immediately in income. The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the income statement. Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged or credited to equity in other comprehensive income in the period in which they arise.

Termination benefits

Termination benefits are recognized as an expense when the Company is demonstrably committed, without realistic possibility of withdrawal, to a formal detailed plan to either terminate employment before the normal retirement date, or to provide termination benefits as a result of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy.

Termination benefits for voluntary redundancies are recognized as an expense if the Company has made an offer encouraging voluntary redundancy, it is probable that the offer will be accepted, and the number of acceptances can be estimated reliably.

Other long-term employee benefits

The Companyâs net obligation in respect of other long term employee benefits is the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and previous periods. That benefit is discounted to determine its present value. Re-measurements are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which they arise.

3.17 Provisions

A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. Where discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.

3.18 Contingent liabilities & contingent assets

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. Where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognised in the period in which the change occurs.

3.19 Financial instruments

a. Recognition and Initial recognition

The Company recognizes financial assets and financial liabilities when it becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets and liabilities are recognized at fair value on initial recognition, except for trade receivables which are initially measured at transaction price. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issues of financial assets and financial liabilities that are not at fair value through profit or loss, are added to the fair value on initial recognition.

A financial asset or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue.

b. Classification and Subsequent measurement Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at

- amortised cost;

- FVTPL

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

- the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortised cost as described above are measured at FVTPL. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortised cost at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

Financial assets: Business model assessment

The Company makes an assessment of the objective of the business model in which a financial asset is held at a portfolio level because this best reflects the way the business is managed and information is provided to management. The information considered includes:

- the stated policies and objectives for the portfolio and the operation of those policies in practice. These include whether managementâs strategy focuses on earning contractual interest income, maintaining a particular interest rate profile, matching the duration of the financial assets to the duration of any related liabilities or expected cash outflows or realising cash flows through the sale of the assets;

- how the performance of the portfolio is evaluated and reported to the Companyâs management;

- the risks that affect the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and how those risks are managed;

- how managers of the business are compensated - e.g. whether compensation is based on the fair value of the assets managed or the contractual cash flows collected; and the frequency, volume and timing of sales of financial assets in prior

periods, the reasons for such sales and expectations about future sales activity.

Transfers of financial assets to third parties in transactions that do not qualify for derecognition are not considered sales for this purpose, consistent with the Companyâs continuing recognition of the assets.

Financial assets that are held for trading or are managed and whose performance is evaluated on a fair value basis are measured at FVTPL. Financial assets: Assessment whether contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest

For the purposes of this assessment, âprincipalâ is defined as the fair value of the financial asset on initial recognition. âInterestâ is defined as consideration for the time value of money and for the credit risk associated with the principal amount outstanding during a particular period of time and for other basic lending risks and costs (e.g. liquidity risk and administrative costs), as well as a profit margin.

In assessing whether the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest, the Company considers the contractual terms of the instrument. This includes assessing whether the financial asset contains a contractual term that could change the timing or amount of contractual cash flows such that it would not meet this condition. In making this assessment, the Company considers:

- contingent events that would change the amount or timing of cash flows;

- terms that may adjust the contractual coupon rate, including variable interest rate features;

- prepayment and extension features; and

- terms that limit the Companyâs claim to cash flows from specified assets (e.g. non- recourse features).

A prepayment feature is consistent with the solely payments of principal and interest criterion if the prepayment amount substantially represents unpaid amounts of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding, which may include reasonable additional compensation for early termination of the contract. Additionally, for a financial asset acquired at a significant discount or premium to its contractual par amount, a feature that permits or requires prepayment at an amount is treated as consistent with this criterion if the fair value of the prepayment feature is insignificant at initial recognition.

Financial assets: Subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial assets at FVTPL: These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognised in profit or loss.

Financial assets at amortised cost: These assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The amortised cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognised in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognised in profit or loss.

Financial liabilities: Classification, Subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held-for- trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in profit or loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in profit or loss.

c. Derecognition Financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

Financial liabilities

That substantially represents the contractual par amount plus accrued (but unpaid) contractual interest (which may also include reasonable additional compensation for early termination) is

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in profit

d. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

e. Impairment

The Company recognises loss allowances for expected credit losses on financial assets measured at amortised cost;

At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether financial assets carried at amortised cost and debt securities at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) are credit impaired. A financial asset is âcredit- impairedâ when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.

Evidence that a financial asset is credit- impaired includes the following observable data:

- significant financial difficulty of the borrower or issuer;

- the restructuring of a loan or advance by the Company on terms that the Company would not consider otherwise;

- it is probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation; or

- the disappearance of an active market for a security because of financial difficulties.

The Company measures loss allowances at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses, except for the following, which are measured as 12 month expected credit losses:

- debt securities that are determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date; and

- other debt securities and bank balances for which credit risk (i.e. the risk of default occurring over the expected life of the financial instrument) has not increased significantly since initial recognition.

Loss allowances for trade receivables are always measured at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses.

Lifetime expected credit losses are the expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument.

12-month expected credit losses are the portion of expected credit losses that result from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date (or a shorter period if the expected life of the instrument is less than 12 months).

In all cases, the maximum period considered when estimating expected credit losses is the maximum contractual period over which the Company is exposed to credit risk.

When determining whether the credit risk of a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition and when estimating expected credit losses, the Company considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effort. This includes both quantitative and qualitative information and analysis, based on the Companyâs historical experience and informed credit assessment and including forward- looking information.

Measurement of expected credit losses

Expected credit losses are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured as the present value of all cash shortfalls (i.e. the difference between the cash flows due to the Company in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive). Presentation of allowance for expected credit losses in the balance sheet

Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortised cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets.

Write-off

The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is written off (either partially or in full) to the extent that there is no realistic prospect of recovery. This is generally the case when the Company determines that the trade receivable does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subject to the write- off. However, financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities in order to comply with the Companyâs procedures for recovery of amounts due.

Mar 31, 2024

³ Significant accounting policies ³* 1 Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount can be reliably measured.

â¢ Revenue is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable taking into

account the amount of discounts, volume rebates and GST are recognised when all significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods sold are transferred.

3.2 Leases

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.Leases under which the Company assumes substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Such assets are capitalized at fair value of the asset or present value of the minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease, whichever is lower. Assets held under leases that do not transfer substantially all the risks and reward of ownership are not recognized in the balance sheet.Lease payments under operating lease are generally recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the term of lease unless such payments are structured to increase in line with the expected general inflation to compensate for the lessorâs expected inflationary cost increases. Further, at the inception of above arrangement, the Company determines whether the above arrangement is or contains a lease. At inception or on reassessment of an arrangement that contains a lease, the Company separates a payments and other consideration required by the arrangement into those for the lease and those for other elements on the basis of their relative fair values.If the Company concludes for a finance lease that it is impracticable to separate the payments reliably, then an asset and a liability are recognised at an amount equal to the fair value of the underlying asset; subsequently, the liability is reduced as payments are made and an imputed finance cost on the liability is recognised using the Companyâs incremental borrowing rate.Minimum lease payments made under finance leases are apportioned between the finance charge and the reduction of the outstanding liability. The finance charge is allocated to each period during the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.

3.3 Foreign currencies

In preparing the financial statements of the Company, transactions in currencies other than the companyâs functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Nonmonetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated. Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

3.5 Taxation

Income tax expense consists of current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognized in the income statement except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity, in which case it is recognized in equity. Current tax Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.Deferred tax Deferred tax is recognized using the balance sheet method, providing for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognized for the following temporary differences: the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit; differences relating to investments in subsidiaries and jointly controlled entities to the extent that it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and taxable temporary differences arising upon the initial recognition of goodwill. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to the temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.A deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.

3.6 Earnings per share

3.7 Property, plant and equipment

Material items such as spare parts, stand-by equipment and service equipment are classified as PPE when they meet the definition of PPE as specified in Ind AS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment.

3.8 Expenditure during construction period

3.9 Depreciation

3.1 ⁰ Intangible assets and amortisation

Amortization

3.^{1 1} Cash and cash equivalents

3.^{1 2} Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated. Bank overdrafts are classified as part of cash and cash equivalent, as they form an integral part of an entityâs cash management.

3.¹ 3 Government grants

Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with.

Where the Company receives non-monetary grants, the asset and the grant are accounted at fair value and recognised in the statement of profit and loss over the expected useful life of the asset.

3.14 Impairment of non financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Companyâs non-financial assets, inventories and deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the assetâs recoverable amount is estimated.The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit (as defined below) is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or the cash-generating unit. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (the âcash-generating unitâ).

3.¹⁵ Employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits

Defined contribution plans

The Companyâs contributions to defined contribution plans are charged to the income statement as and when the services are received from the employees.

Defined benefit plans

Termination benefits

Other long-term employee benefits

Mar 31, 2023

Significant accounting policies

³.¹ Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company
and the amount can be reliably measured.

â¢ Revenue is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable taking into account the
amount of discounts, volume rebates and GST are recognised when all significant risks and rewards of
ownership of the goods sold are transferred.

â¢ The recognition of revenue and expenses by reference to the stage of complete of a contract is referred to
as the percentage of completion method. Under this method, contract revenue is matched with the contract
costs incurred in reaching the stage of completion, resulting in the reporting of revenue, expenses and
profit which can be attributed to the proportion of work completed at the reporting date as per the IAS and
Income Disclosure Standards.

â¢ Interest income is accrued on, time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective
interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the
expected life of the financial asset to that assetâs net carrying amount on initial recognition.

³.² Leases

Lease payments under operating lease are generally recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and
loss on a straight-line basis over the term of lease unless such payments are structured to increase in line
with the expected general inflation to compensate for the lessorâs expected inflationary cost increases.
Further, at the inception of above arrangement, the Company determines whether the above arrangement is
or contains a lease. At inception or on reassessment of an arrangement that contains a lease, the Company
separates a payments and other consideration required by the arrangement into those for the lease and
those for other elements on the basis of their relative fair values.

If the Company concludes for a finance lease that it is impracticable to separate the payments reliably, then
an asset and a liability are recognised at an amount equal to the fair value of the underlying asset;
subsequently, the liability is reduced as payments are made and an imputed finance cost on the liability is
recognised using the Companyâs incremental borrowing rate.

Minimum lease payments made under finance leases are apportioned between the finance charge and the
reduction of the outstanding liability. The finance charge is allocated to each period during the lease term
so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.

³.³ Foreign currencies

In preparing the financial statements of the Company, transactions in currencies other than the companyâs
functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of
the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are
retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical
cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated. Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in
profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

3.⁴ Borrowing costs

Specific borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying
asset are capitalized as part of the cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use and
borrowing costs are being incurred. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the
period in which they are incurred.

Borrowing cost includes interest expense, amortization of discounts, ancillary costs incurred in connection
with borrowing of funds and exchange difference arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent
they are regarded as an adjustment to the Interest cost.

³.⁵ Taxation

Current tax

Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or
substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.
Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized using the balance sheet method, providing for temporary differences between
the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for
taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognized for the following temporary differences: the initial
recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither
accounting nor taxable profit; differences relating to investments in subsidiaries and jointly controlled
entities to the extent that it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and taxable
temporary differences arising upon the initial recognition of goodwill. Deferred tax is measured at the tax
rates that are expected to be applied to the temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that
have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are
offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to
income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but
they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be
realized simultaneously.

A deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be
available against which the temporary difference can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each
reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be
realized.

3.⁶ Earnings per share

The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share (âEPSâ) data for its ordinary shares. The basic
earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to equity shareholders for the period
by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to equity shareholders for the
year relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares
considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which
could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Potential equity shares are
deemed to be dilutive only if their conversion to equity shares would decrease the net profit per share.

³.⁷ Property, plant and equipment

Expenditure incurred after the PPE have been put into operation, such as repairs and maintenance, are
charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the costs are incurred.
If significant parts of an item of PPE have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate
items (major components) of PPE.

Material items such as spare parts, stand-by equipment and service equipment are classified as PPE when
they meet the definition of PPE as specified in Ind AS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment.

3.8 Expenditure during construction
period

Expenditure during construction period (including financing cost related to borrowed funds for
construction or acquisition of qualifying PPE) is included under Capital Work-in-Progress, and the same is
allocated to the respective PPE on the completion of their construction. Advances given towards
acquisition or construction of PPE outstanding at each reporting date are disclosed as Capital Advances
under âOther non-current Assetsâ.

Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of PPE over its useful life and is
provided on a Straight Line basis over the useful lives as prescribed in Schedule II to the Act or as per
technical assessment.

Depreciable amount for PPE is the cost of PPE less its estimated residual value. The useful life of PPE is
the period over which PPE is expected to be available for use by the Company, or the number of
production or similar units expected to be obtained from the asset by the Company

The Company has componentised its PPE and has separately assessed the life of major components. In
case of certain classes of PPE, the Company uses different useful lives than those prescribed in Schedule II
to the Act. The useful lives have been assessed based on technical advice, taking into account the nature of
the PPE and the estimated usage of the asset on the basis of managementâs best estimation of obtaining
economic benefits from those classes of assets.

Depreciation on additions is provided on a pro-rata basis from the month of installation or acquisition and
in case of Projects from the date of commencement of commercial production. Depreciation on
deductions/disposals is provided on a pro-rata basis up to the date of deduction/disposal.

³.¹⁰ Intangible assets and amortisation

Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment. Intangible assets are
amortized over their respective estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis, from the date that they are
available for use.

Amortization

The estimated useful life of an identifiable intangible asset is based on a number of factors including the
effects of obsolescence, demand, competition and other economic factors (such as the stability of the
industry and known technological advances) and the level of maintenance expenditures required to obtain
the expected future cash flows from the asset.

3.11 Cash and cash
equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the Balance Sheet comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term deposits
with banks that are readily convertible into cash which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value
and are held for the purpose of meeting short-term cash commitments.

³.¹² Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects
of transactions of a non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or
payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are
segregated. Bank overdrafts are classified as part of cash and cash equivalent, as they form an integral part
of an entityâs cash management.

³.¹³ Government grants

Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and
all attached conditions will be complied with.

Where the Company receives non-monetary grants, the asset and the grant are accounted at fair value and
recognised in the statement of profit and loss ove r the expected useful life of the asset.

³.¹⁴ Impairment of non financial assets

The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit (as defined below) is the greater of its value in
use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are
discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of
the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or the cash-generating unit. For the purpose of
impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash
inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of
assets (the âcash-generating unitâ).

An impairment loss is recognized in the income statement if the estimated recoverable amount of an asset
or its cash-generating unit is lower than its carrying amount. Impairment losses recognized in prior periods
are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An
impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable
amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the assetâs carrying amount does not exceed
the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no
impairment loss had been recognized. Goodwill that forms part of the carrying amount of an investment in
an associate is not recognized separately, and therefore is not tested for impairment separately. Instead, the
entire amount of the investment in an associate is tested for impairment as a single asset when there is
objective evidence that the investment in an associate may be impaired.

An impairment loss in respect of equity accounted investee is measured by comparing the recoverable
amount of investment with its carrying amount. An impairment loss is recognized in the income statement,
and reversed if there has been a favorable change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable
amount.

Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognized for
the amount expected to be paid if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this
amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.
Defined contribution plans

The Companyâs contributions to defined contribution plans are charged to the income statement as and
when the services are received from the employees.

Defined benefit plans

The liability in respect of defined benefit plans and other post-employment benefits is calculated using the
projected unit credit method consistent with the advice of qualified actuaries. The present value of the
defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using interest
rates of high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be
paid, and that have terms to maturity approximating to the terms of the related defined benefit obligation.
In countries where there is no deep market in such bonds, the market rates on government bonds are used.
The current service cost of the defined benefit plan, recognized in the income statement in employee
benefit expense, reflects the increase in the defined benefit obligation resulting from employee service in
the current year, benefit changes, curtailments and settlements. Past service costs are recognized
immediately in income. The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance
of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit
expense in the income statement. Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and
changes in actuarial assumptions are charged or credited to equity in other comprehensive income in the
period in which they arise.

Termination benefits

Termination benefits are recognized as an expense when the Company is demonstrably committed, without
realistic possibility of withdrawal, to a formal detailed plan to either terminate employment before the
normal retirement date, or to provide termination benefits as a result of an offer made to encourage
voluntary redundancy.

Termination benefits for voluntary redundancies are recognized as an expense if the Company has made
an offer encouraging voluntary redundancy, it is probable that the offer will be accepted, and the number
of acceptances can be estimated reliably.

Other long-term employee benefits

The Companyâs net obligation in respect of other long term employee benefits is the amount of future
benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and previous periods. That
benefit is discounted to determine its present value. Re-measurements are recognized in the statement of
profit and loss in the period in which they arise.

Mar 31, 2014

Accounting Policies:

a) The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified by Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 The accounts of the Company are prepared under the Historical Cost Convention and in accordance with applicable accounting Standards except otherwise Stated Though the accumulated losses of the Company are in excess of the Paid up Capital, the Company does not have intention to suspend the operational activities. Therefore, the accounts are being prepared on 'going concern basis' and Accounting Standards of Materiality and Prudence has been taken into consideration in preparing the accounts.

b) Inventory Valuation:

i Raw Materials, Consumable, Stores & Spares at cost price

ii Finished Goods at cost of production or at realizable value by applying accepted cost methods.

c) Fixed Assets:

Fixed Assets are valued at cost less accumulated depreciation. The cost of the asset comprises its purchase price and any directly attributable cost of bringing the assets into working condition for its intended use

d) Depreciation:

Depreciation on fixed assets is being provided on the fixed assets on straight line method at the rates prescribed under schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 In view of NIL depreciable Assets as on 31.03.2014 no depreciation for the period stood provided.

e) Revenue Recognition;

The revenue is recognized to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

f) Retirements and other Employee Benefits :

The company does not have any employee / staff during the year.

g) Earning Per Share

Basic earning per share has been calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For calculating the diluted earning per share the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity share outstanding during the year are adjusted to the effect of all dilutive potential equity shares

Mar 31, 2013

A) The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified by Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The accounts of the Company are prepared under the Historical Cost Convention and in accordance with applicable accounting Standards except otherwise Stated. Though the accumulated losses of the Company are in excess of the Paid up Capital, the Company does not have intention to suspend the operational activities. Therefore, the accounts are being prepared on ''going concern

I basis'' and Accounting Standards of Materiality and Prudence has been | taken into consideration in preparing the accounts,

b) Inventory Valuation

i Raw Materials, Consumable, Stores & Spares at cost price '' ii Finished Goods at cost of production or at realizable value by applying accepted cost methods.

c) Fixed Assets:

Fixed Assets are valued at cost less accumulated depreciation. The cost of the asset comprises its purchase price and any directly attributable cost of bringing the assets into working condition for its intended use

d) Depreciation:

I Depreciation on fixed assets is being provided on the fixed assets on i straight line method at the rates prescribed under schedule XIV of the | Companies Act, 1956. In view of NIL depreciable Assets as on 31.03.2013 no depreciation for the period stood provided.

e) Revenue Recognition:

The revenue is recognized to the extent it is probable that the economic '' benefits will flow to the company and the revenue can be reliably | measured.

f) Retirements and other Employee Benefits :

The company does not have any employee / staff during the year.

g) Earning Per Share

Basic earning per share has been calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted

Mar 31, 2009

A) The accounts of the Company are prepared under the Historical Cost Convention and in accordance with applicable accounting Standards except otherwise - Stated. Though the accumulated losses of the Company are in excess of the Paid up Capital, the Company does not have intention to suspend the operational activities. Therefore, the accounts are being prepared on going concern basis and Accounting Standards of Materiality and Prudence has been taken into consideration in preparing the accounts.

b) Inventory Valuation:

i Raw Materials, Consumable, Stores & Spares at cost price.

ii Finished Goods at cost of production or at realizable value by applying accepted cost methods.

c) Fixed Assets:

Fixed Assets are valued at cost less accumulated depreciation. The cost of the asset comprises its purchase price and any directly attributable cost of bringing the assets into working condition for its intended use

d) Depreciation:

Depreciation on fixed assets is being provided on the fixed assets on straight line method at the rates prescribed under schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 4956. In view of NIL depreciable Assets as on 31.03.2007, no depreciation for the period stood provided.

e) Gratuity:

Gratuity is accounted for on payment basis. The company does not have any staff during the year.

Mar 31, 2008

A) The accounts of the Company are prepared under the Historical Cost Convention and in accordance with applicable accounting Standards except otherwise Stated. Though the accumulated losses of the Company are in excess of the Paid up Capital, the Company does not have intention to suspend the operational activities. Therefore, the accounts are being prepared on going concern basis and Accounting Standards of Materiality and Prudence has been taken into consideration in preparing the accounts.

b) Inventory Valuation:

i Raw Materials, Consumable, Stores & Spares at cost price.

ii Finished Goods at cost of production or at realizable value by applying accepted cost methods.

c) Fixed Assets:

Fixed Assets are valued at cost less accumulated depreciation. The cost of the asset comprises its purchase price and any directly attributable cost of bringing the assets into working condition for its intended use

d) Depreciation:

Depreciation on fixed assets is being provided on the fixed assets on straight line method at the rates prescribed under schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956. In view of NIL depreciable Assets as on 31.03.2007, no depreciation for the period stood provided.

e) Gratuity:

Gratuity is accounted for on payment basis. The company does not have any staff during the year.

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