Accounting Policies of Munjal Showa Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2018

1. CORPORATE INFORMATION

Munjal Showa Limited (‘the Company’) is a public company domiciled in India and has a registered office in Gurugram, India. The Company is incorporated under the provisions of the erstwhile Companies Act, 1956. The shares of the Company are listed on two stock exchanges in India i.e. National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). It was established in 1985 as a result of technical and financial collaboration between Hero Group and Showa Corporation, Japan.

The Company operates as an ancillary and manufactures auto components for the two-wheeler and four-wheeler industry, primary products being front forks, shock absorbers, struts, gas springs and window balancers for sale in domestic market. The Company has three manufacturing locations, two in the state of Haryana and one in the state of Uttarakhand. These units are located at Gurugram, Manesar and Haridwar.

The financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2018 were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on May 30, 2018.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

i) Basis of preparation of financial statements

a) Statement of compliance

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Ind ASs notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015.

Upto the year ended March 31, 2017, the Company prepared its financial statements in accordance with the requirements of previous GAAP, which includes Standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006. These are Company’s first Ind AS financial statements. The date of transition to Ind AS is April 1, 2016. Refer Note 40 for the details of first-time adoption exemptions availed by the Company.

b) Accounting convention

The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.

c) Operating cycle

Based on the nature of products/ activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets and their realization in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has determined its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities as current and non-current.

ii) Foreign currencies

Functional and presentational currency

The Company’s financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR) which is also the Company’s functional currency. Functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which an entity operates and is normally the currency in which the entity primarily generates and expends cash. All the financial information presented in INR has been rounded to the nearest lacs (INR 00,000), except when otherwise stated.

Transactions and Balances

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at the functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of nonmonetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in OCI or the Statement of Profit and Loss are also recognised in OCI or the Statement of Profit and Loss, respectively).

iii) Fair value measurement

The Company measures certain financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date. Fair value is the price that would be received from the sale an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

- In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

- Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

- Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

- Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

iv) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash in hand & cash at banks and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts are considered an integral part of the Company’s cash management.

v) Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit/ (loss) before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated based on the available information.

vi) Revenue recognition

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Revenue is reduced for rebates and other similar allowances.

The Company has assumed that recovery of excise duty flows to the Company on its own account. This is for the reason that it is a liability of the manufacturer which forms part of the cost of production, irrespective of whether the goods are sold or not. Since the recovery of excise duty flows to the Company on its own account, revenue includes excise duty.

However, sales tax/ value added tax (VAT) is not received by the Company on its own account. Rather, it is tax collected on value added to the commodity by the seller on behalf of the government. Accordingly, it is excluded from revenue

Sale of goods

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the goods are dispatched and titles have passed, at which time all the following conditions are satisfied:

- the Company has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods;

- the Company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;

- the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;

- it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company; and

- the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably

Dividend and interest income

Dividend income from investments is recognised when the shareholder’s right to receive payment has been established.

Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on, time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset’s net carrying amount on initial recognition.

vii) Inventories

Inventories comprise raw materials, components, work-in-progress, finished goods, stock in trade, and stores and spares which are carried at lower of cost or net realizable value, while scrap is carried at its realizable value.

Cost of inventories comprise all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost of inventories, other than finished goods and work-in-progress, is determined on a moving weighted average basis. Cost of finished goods and work-in-progress include the cost of materials determined on a moving weighted average basis and an appropriate portion of fixed overheads based on normal capacity and variable overheads based on actual capacity.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. The net realisable value of work-in -progress is determined with reference to the selling prices of related finished products. Raw materials and other supplies held for use in the production of finished products are not written down below cost except in cases where material prices have declined and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products will exceed their net realisable value. The comparison of cost and net realisable value is made on an item-by item basis.

viii) Property, plant and equipment Recognition and Measurement

Items of Property, plant and equipment (including furniture, fixtures, vehicles, etc.) held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, or for administrative purposes are measured at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation and/or accumulated impairment loss, if any. Properties in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes are carried at cost, less any recognised impairment loss. Cost comprises purchase price, non-refundable taxes, duties or levies, any other directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use and the estimated costs of dismantling and removing the items and restoring the site on which they are located. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is de-recognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use. Any gain or loss arising on de-recognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Subsequent Costs

The cost of replacing a part of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in the carrying amount of the item of property, plant and equipment, if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within the part will flow to the Company and its cost can be measured reliably with the carrying amount of the replaced part getting derecognised. The cost for day-to-day servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.

Depreciation

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost of assets (other than freehold land and properties under construction) less their residual values over their useful lives, using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is charged on a pro-rata basis at the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of its property, plant and equipment generally in accordance with that provided in Part C of Schedule II to the Act.

The identified components are depreciated separately over their useful lives; the remaining components are depreciated over the life of the principal asset. The Company has used the following rates to provide depreciation on its property, plant and equipment.

The management has estimated, supported by independent assessment by technical experts, professionals, the useful lives of the following classes of assets:

- The useful lives of certain plant and equipment is estimated as ranging between 2 to 15 years, which is lower than those indicated in schedule II

- Vehicles are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of 6 years, which is lower than those indicated in schedule II.

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

ix) Intangible assets

Recognition and Measurement

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalised development cost, are not capitalised and the related expenditure is reflected in profit and loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.

Amortisation and Useful lives

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected

useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset. Amortisation is calculated over the cost of the asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less its residual value.

Amounts paid towards acquisition of designs and drawings is amortised on straight line basis over the period of expected future sales from the related product, which the management has determined to be 24 months based on past trends. Amortisation shall begin when the asset is available for use, i.e., when it is in the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in a manner intended by management.

Costs relating to software, which are acquired, are capitalised and amortised on a straight line basis over the management’s estimated useful life of 48 months.

Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss within other income when the asset is de-recognised.

Research and development costs

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditures on an individual project are recognised as an intangible asset when the Company can demonstrate:

- The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that the asset will be available for use or sale

- Its intention to complete and its ability to use or sell the asset

- How the asset will generate future economic benefits

- The availability of resources to complete the asset

- The ability to measure reliably the expenditure during development

Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation of the asset begins when development is complete and the asset is available for use. It is amortised over the period of expected future benefit. Amortisation expense is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset. During the period of development, the asset is tested for impairment annually.

x) Borrowing cost

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

xi) Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in the arrangement.

For arrangement entered into prior to April 1, 2016, the Company has determined whether the arrangement contains lease on the basis of facts and circumstances existing on the date of transition.

Company as a lessee

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Rental expense from operating leases is generally recognised on a straight line basis over the term of relevant lease. Where the rentals are structured solely to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increase, such increases are recognised in the year in which such benefits accrue. Contingent rentals arising under operating leases are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

xii) Provisions

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money is material).

Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources would be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed.

Warranties

The estimated liability for product warranties is recorded when products are sold. These estimates are established using historical information on the nature, frequency and average cost of warranty claims and management estimates regarding possible future incidence based on corrective actions on product failures. The timing of outflows will vary as and when warranty claim will arise- being typically two to five years. The estimate of such warranty-related costs is revised annually.

xiii) Contingent liabilities

Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.

xiv) Contingent assets

Contingent assets are disclosed in the financial statements only when an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

xv) Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in profit or loss.

a.) Financial assets

All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortised cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets

Classification of financial assets

Debt instruments that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at amortised cost (except for debt instruments that are designated as at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition):

- the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and

- the contractual terms of the instrument give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding

Debt instruments that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVTOCI”) (except for debt instruments that are designated as at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition):

- the asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved both by collecting contractual cash

flows and selling financial assets; and

- the contractual terms of the instrument give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Interest income is recognised in profit or loss for FVTOCI debt instruments.

All other financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value.

Effective interest method

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Income is recognised on an effective interest basis for debt instruments other than those financial assets classified as at FVTPL. Interest income is recognised in profit or loss and is included in the “Other income” line item.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Investments in equity instruments are classified as at FVTPL, unless the Company irrevocably elects on initial recognition to present subsequent changes in fair value in other comprehensive income for investments in equity instruments which are not held for trading.

Debt instruments that do not meet the amortised cost criteria or FVTOCI criteria are measured at FVTPL. In addition, debt instruments that meet the amortised cost criteria or the FVTOCI criteria but are designated as at FVTPL are measured at FVTPL.

A financial asset that meets the amortised cost criteria or debt instruments that meet the FVTOCI criteria may be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would arise from measuring assets or liabilities or recognising the gains and losses on them on diff

different bases. The Company has not designated any debt instrument as at FVTPL.

Financial assets at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any gains or losses arising on re-measurement recognised in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognised in profit or loss incorporates any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset and is included in the ‘Other income’ line item. Dividend on financial assets at FVTPL is recognised when the company’s right to receive the dividends is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity, the dividend does not represent a recovery of part of cost of the investment and the amount of dividend can be measured reliably.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company applies the expected credit loss model for recognising impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortised cost, debt instruments at FVTOCI, trade receivables, other contractual rights to receive cash or other financial asset, and financial guarantees not designated as at FVTPL.

Expected credit losses are the weighted average of credit losses with the respective risks of default occurring as the weights.

De-recognition of financial assets

The Company de-recognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party.

b.) Financial liabilities and equity instruments Classification as debt or equity

Debt and equity instruments issued by Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as’ equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities that are not held-for-trading and are not designated as at FVTPL are measured at amortised cost at the end of subsequent accounting periods. The carrying amounts of financial liabilities that are subsequently measured at amortised cost are determined based on the effective interest method. Interest expense that is not capitalised as part of costs of an asset is included in the ‘Finance costs’ Line item.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability.

All financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method or at FVTPL.

De-recognition of financial liabilities

The Company derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired.

c.) Derivative financial instruments

The Company enters into a variety of derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to foreign exchange rate risks, including foreign exchange forward contracts, option contracts, etc.

Embedded derivatives

Derivatives embedded in non-derivative host contracts that are not financial assets within the scope of. Ind AS 109 are treated as separate derivatives when their risks and characteristics are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the host contracts are not measured at FVTPL.

xvi) Equity share capital

Equity shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of new shares and share options are recognised as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects

xvii) Impairment of non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Company’s non-financial assets, other than deferred tax assets, are reviewed at the end of each reporting period to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated.

The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit (‘CGU’) is the greater of its value in use or its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets that cannot be tested individually are grouped together into the smallest Company of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or group of assets (‘CGU’).

The Company’s corporate assets do not generate separate cash inflows. If there is an indication that a corporate asset may be impaired, then the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the corporate asset belongs.

An impairment loss is recognised, if the carrying amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit exceeds its estimated recoverable amount and are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss. Impairment losses recognised in respect of cash-generating units are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill, if any, allocated to the units and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the unit (Company of units) on a pro rata basis.

Impairment losses recognised in prior periods are assessed at end of each reporting period for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

xviii) Employee benefits

Short Term Employee Benefits

All employee benefits expected to be settled wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short-term employee benefits. When an employee has rendered service to the Company during an accounting period, the Company recognises the undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service as an expense unless another Ind AS requires or permits the inclusion of the benefits in the cost of an asset. Benefits such as salaries, wages and short-term compensated absences and bonus etc. are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

Defined Contribution Plan

Provident fund and superannuation fund

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and has no obligation to pay any further amounts. The Company makes specified monthly contributions towards provident fund and superannuation fund which are defined contribution plans. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the funds. The Company recognises contribution payable to the fund scheme in the Statement of Profit and Loss, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognised as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognised as an asset to the extent that the prepayment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

Long term Employee benefits

Defined Benefit Plan

Gratuity

The Company’s gratuity benefit scheme is a defined benefit plan. The Company’s net obligation in respect of defined benefit plan is calculated by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods; this benefit is discounted to determine its present value. Any unrecognised past service costs and the fair value of any plan assets are deducted. The calculation of the Company’s obligation under this plan is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method.

Re-measurements comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.

All other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss as employee benefit expenses. Gains or losses on the curtailment or settlement of any defined benefit plan are recognised when the curtailment or settlement occurs. Curtailment gains and losses are accounted for as past service costs.

Compensated absences

The employees can carry forward a portion of the unutilized accrued compensated absences and utilise it in future service periods or receive cash compensation during termination of employment.

Compensated absence, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date. The Company treats compensated absences expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss.

The Company presents the leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, to the extent it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date. Where Company has the unconditional legal and contractual right to defer the settlement for a period beyond 12 months, the same is presented as non-current liability.

xix) Taxes

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

Current tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from profit before tax’ as reported in the statement of profit and loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company’s current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Current and deferred tax for the year

Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

xx) Government grants

Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.

When the Company receives grants of non-monetary assets, the asset and the grant are recorded at fair value amounts and released to profit or loss over the expected useful life in a pattern of consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset i.e. by equal annual instalments.

xxi) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

xxii) Applicability of new Ind AS

a.) Ministry of Corporate affairs has notified Ind AS 115 ‘Revenue from Contracts with customers’, which is effective from April 1, 2018. The new standard outlines a single comprehensive control-based model for revenue recognition and supersedes current revenue recognition guidance based on risks or rewards. The Company is evaluating the requirements of Ind AS 115 and its effect of the financial statements.

b.) Appendix B to Ind AS 21, Foreign currency transactions and advance consideration: On March 28, 2018, Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) has notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2018 containing Appendix B to Ind AS 21, Foreign currency transactions and advance consideration which clarifies the date of the transaction for the purpose of determining the exchange rate to use on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income, when an entity has received or paid advance consideration in a foreign currency. The amendment will come into force from April 1, 2018.

xxiii) First-time adoption - mandatory exceptions, optional exemptions

The Company has prepared the opening balance sheet as per Ind AS as at April 1, 2016 (the transition date) by recognising all assets and liabilities whose recognition is required by Ind AS, not recognising items of assets or liabilities which are not permitted by Ind AS, by reclassifying items from previous GAAP to Ind AS as required under Ind AS, and applying Ind AS in measurement of recognised assets and liabilities. However, this principle is subject to an optional exemption availed by the Company as detailed below:

a) Deemed cost for property, plant & equipment and intangible assets: The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant & equipment and intangible assets recognised as of April 1, 2016 (transition date) measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.

Trade receivables are non-interest bearing and are generally on terms of 25 to 60 days.

The Company has used a practical expedient by computing the expected loss allowance for trade receivables based on historical credit loss experience and adjustment for forward looking information.

The Company is not exposed to significant concentrations of credit risk as significant portion of its trade receivables is from creditworthy counterparties and Company doesn’t have any past history of any losses on account of credit risk.

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Mar 31, 2017

1 Corporate information

Munjal Showa Limited (‘the Company’) is a Public Company domiciled in India and incorporated under the provisions of the erstwhile Companies Act, 1956. It was established in 1985 as a result of technical and financial collaboration between Hero Group and Showa Corporation, Japan. The Company operates as an ancillary and manufactures auto components for the two-wheeler and four-wheeler industry, primary products being front forks, shock absorbers, struts, gas springs and window balancers for sale in domestic market. The Company has three manufacturing locations, two in the state of Haryana and one in the state of Uttarakhand. These units are located at Gurgaon, Manesar and Haridwar.

2 Basis of preparation

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP). The Company has prepared these financial statements to comply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified under section 133 of the Companies Act 2013, read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014 and Companies (Accounting standards) Amendment Rules, 2016. The financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the historical cost convention except for derivative financial instrument which have been measured at fair value. The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of financial statements are consistent with those of previous year, except for the change in accounting policy explained below.

2.1 Summary of significant accounting policies

Change in accounting policy

Accounting for Proposed Dividend

As per the requirements of pre-revised AS 4, the Company used to create a liability for dividend proposed/ declared after the balance sheet date if dividend related to periods covered by the financial statements. Going forward, as per AS 4(R), the Company cannot create provision for dividend proposed/ declared after the balance sheet date unless a statute requires otherwise. Rather, Company will need to disclose the same in notes to the financial statements. Accordingly, the Company has disclosed dividend proposed by board of directors after the balance sheet date in the notes. Had the Company continued with creation of provision for proposed dividend, its surplus in the statement of profit and loss would have been lower by Rs. 192,548,164 and current provision would have been higher by Rs. 192,548,164 (including dividend distribution tax of Rs. 32,568,164).

a) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management’s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

b) Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment and capital work in progress are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Item such as spare parts, stand by equipment & servicing equipment are recognized as property, plant & equipment when they meet the definition of property, plant & equipment. Otherwise, such items are classified as inventory.

If significant parts of an item of plant & equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant & equipment. Likewise, on initial recognition of expenditure to be incurred towards major inspections and overhauls are identified as a separate components and depreciated over the expected period till the next overhaul expenditure.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of property, plant and equipment is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance. All other expenses on existing property, plant and equipment, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of property, plant and equipment are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

The Company identifies and determines cost of asset significant to the total cost of the asset having useful life that is materially different from that of remaining life.

c) Depreciation on property, plant and equipment

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is calculated on a straight-line basis using the rates arrived at based on the useful lives estimated by the management. The Company has used the following rates to provide depreciation on its property, plant and equipment.

The management has estimated, supported by independent assessment by technical experts, the useful lives of the following classes of assets :

The useful lives of certain plant and equipment is estimated as ranging between 2 to 25 years, which is different than those indicated in schedule II.

Vehicles are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of 6 years, which is lower than those indicated in schedule II.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

d) Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life. The Company uses a rebuttable presumption that the useful life of an intangible asset will not exceed ten years from the date when the asset is available for use. If the persuasive evidence exists to the affect that useful life of an intangible asset exceeds ten years, the Company amortizes the intangible asset over the best estimate of its useful life. Such intangible assets and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. All other intangible assets are assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired.

The amortization period and the amortization method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the amortization period is changed accordingly. If there has been a significant change in the expected pattern of economic benefits from the asset, the amortization method is changed to reflect the changed pattern. Such changes are accounted for in accordance with AS 5- “Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting Policies”.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditure incurred on an individual project is recognized as an intangible asset when the Company can demonstrate all the following:

1. The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale

2. Its intention to complete the asset

3. Its ability to use or sell the asset

4. How the asset will generate future economic benefits

5. The availability of adequate resources to complete the development and to use or sell the asset

6. The ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during development.

Designs and Drawings

Amounts paid towards acquisition of designs and drawings for specifically identified products, is carried forward based on assessment of benefits arising from such expenditure. Such expenditure is amortized on straight line basis over the period of expected future sales from the related product, which the management has determined to be 24 months based on past trends, commencing from the month of commencement of commercial production.

Computer Software

Costs relating to software, which are acquired, are capitalized and amortized on a straight line basis over the management’s estimated useful life of four years.

e) Leases

Where the Company is lessee

Leases, where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

f) Borrowing costs

Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur.

g) Impairment of property, plant and equipment and intangibles

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating unit’s (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the Company’s cash-generating units to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations are generally covering a period of five years. For longer periods, a long term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.

Impairment losses, including impairment on inventories, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset’s or cash-generating unit’s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

h) Investments

Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.

On initial recognition, all investments are measured at cost. The cost comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties.

Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.

On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

i) Inventories

Inventories are valued as follows:

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

j) Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized:

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of the goods. The Company collects sales taxes and value added taxes (VAT) on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the Company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue. Excise duty deducted from revenue (gross) is the amount that is included in the revenue (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arising during the year.

Interest

Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head “other income” in the statement of profit and loss.

k) Foreign currency translation Initial Recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Nonmonetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.

Exchange differences

The Company accounts for exchange differences arising on translation/ settlement of foreign currency monetary items as below:

1. Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items related to acquisition of a property, plant and equipment and intangibles are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset.

2. Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency monetary items are accumulated in the “Foreign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Account” and amortized over the remaining life of the concerned monetary item.

3. All other exchange differences are recognized as income or as expenses in the period in which they arise.

For the purpose of 1 and 2 above, the Company treats a foreign monetary item as “long-term foreign currency monetary item”, if it has a term of 12 months or more at the date of its origination. In accordance with MCA circular dated 09 August 2012, exchange differences for this purpose, are total differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items for the period.

Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency risk of an existing asset/ liability

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contract is amortized and recognized as an expense/ income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts, except the contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognized as income or as expense for the period. Any gain/ loss arising on forward contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items is recognized in accordance with paragraph 1 and 2 above.

l) Retirement and other employee benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund and superannuation fund (maintained as per the scheme of Life Insurance Corporation) is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the funds. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the fund scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

The Company operates a defined benefit plan for its employees, viz., gratuity. The costs of providing benefits under this plan are determined on the basis of actuarial valuation at each year-end. Actuarial valuation is carried out for the plan using the projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains and losses for the defined benefit plan are recognized in full in the period in which they occur in the statement of profit and loss.

Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, to the extent it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date. Where Company has the unconditional legal and contractual right to defer the settlement for a period beyond 12 months, the same is presented as non-current liability.

m) Income taxes

Tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the income tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible timing differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realized against future taxable profits.

In the situation where the Company is entitled to a tax holiday under the Income Tax Act, 1961 enacted in India, no deferred tax (asset or liability) is recognized in respect of timing differences which reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the Company’s gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday period. Deferred tax in respect of timing differences which reverse after the tax holiday period is recognized in the year in which the timing differences originate. However, the Company restricts recognition of deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. For recognition of deferred taxes, the timing differences which originate first are considered to reverse first.

At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

n) Government grants and subsidies

Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them, and (ii) the grant/subsidy will be received. When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as deferred income and released to income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset. Where the company receives non-monetary grants, the asset is accounted for on the basis of its acquisition cost. In case a non-monetary asset is given free of cost, it is recognized at a nominal value.

Government grants of the nature of promoters’ contribution are credited to capital reserve and treated as a part of the shareholders’ funds.

o) Segment reporting

Identification of segments

The Company’s operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

Inter-segment transfers

The Company generally accounts for intersegment sales and transfers at cost plus appropriate margins.

Allocation of common costs

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs. Unallocated items include general corporate income and expense items which are not allocated to any business segment.

Segment accounting policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

p) Earnings per share

Basic earning per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

q) Provisions

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

Warranty provisions

Provisions for warranty-related costs are recognized when the product is sold. Provision is based on historical experience. The estimate of such warranty-related costs is revised annually.

r) Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non- occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

s) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

t) Derivative instruments

In accordance with the ICAI announcement, derivative contracts, other than foreign currency forward contracts covered under AS 11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis, and the net loss, if any, after considering the offsetting effect of gain on the underlying hedged item, is charged to the statement of profit and loss. Net gain, if any, after considering the offsetting effect of loss on the underlying hedged item, is ignored.

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Mar 31, 2016

1. Corporate information

Munjal Showa Limited (‘the Company’) is a Public Company domiciled in India and incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. It was established in 1985 as a result of technical and financial collaboration between Hero Group and Showa Corporation, Japan. The Company operates as an ancillary and manufactures auto components for the two-wheeler and four-wheeler industry, primary products being front forks, shock absorbers, struts, gas springs and window balancers for sale in domestic market. The Company has three manufacturing locations, two in the state of Haryana and one in the state of Uttarakhand. These units are located at Gurgaon, Manesar and Haridwar.

2. Basis of preparation

The financial statements of the company have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP). The Company has prepared these financial statements to comply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014. The financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the historical cost convention except for derivative financial instrument which have been measured at fair value.

The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of financial statements are consistent with those of previous year except for the change in accounting policy explained below.

2.1 Summary of significant accounting policies

a) Change in accounting policy

Component Accounting

The Company has adopted component accounting as required under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, from 1 April 2015. The Company was previously not identifying components of property, plant and equipment separately for depreciation purposes; rather, a single useful life/ depreciation rate was used to depreciate each item of property, plant and equipment.

Due to application of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, the Company has changed the manner of depreciation for its property, plant and equipment. Now, the company identifies and determines cost of each component/ part of the asset separately, if the component/ part has a cost which is significant to the total cost of the asset and has useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining asset. These components are depreciated separately over their useful lives; the remaining components are depreciated over the life of the principal asset. The Company has used transitional provisions of Schedule II to adjust the impact of component accounting arising on its first application. If a component has zero remaining useful life on the date of component accounting becoming effective, i.e., April 01, 2015, its carrying amount, after retaining any residual value, is charged to the statement of profit and loss. The carrying amount of other components, i.e., components whose remaining useful life is not nil on April 01, 2015, is depreciated over their remaining useful lives.

The Company has also changed its policy on recognition of cost of major inspection/ overhaul. Earlier company used to charge such cost of major inspection/ overhaul directly to statement of profit and loss, as incurred. On application of component accounting, the major inspection/ overhaul is identified as a separate component of the asset at the time of purchase of new asset and subsequently, the cost of such major inspection/ overhaul is depreciated separately over the period till next major inspection/ overhaul. Upon next major inspection/ overhaul, the costs of new major inspection/ overhaul are added to the asset''s cost and any amount remaining from the previous inspection/ overhaul is derecognized.

The above said change has no significant impact on the depreciation charge, repair and maintenance expense and the resultant profit for the current year and the carrying value of fixed assets as at March 31, 2016.

On the date of component accounting becoming applicable, i.e., April 01, 2015, there was no component having zero remaining useful life. Hence, no amount has been directly adjusted against retained earnings.

b) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management’s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

c) Tangible fixed assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance. All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of fixed assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

The company identifies and determines cost of asset significant to the total cost of the asset having useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining life.

d) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets

Depreciation on fixed assets is calculated on a straight-line basis using the rates arrived at based on the useful lives estimated by the management. The identified components are depreciated over their useful lives; the remaining asset is depreciated over the life of the principal asset. The Company has used the following rates to provide depreciation on its fixed assets.

The management has estimated, supported by assessment by technical experts, the useful lives of the following classes of assets:

- The useful lives of certain plant and equipment is estimated as ranging between 2 to 15 years, which is lower than those indicated in schedule II.

- Vehicles are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of 6 years, which is lower than those indicated in schedule II.

e) Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life. The Company uses a rebuttable presumption that the useful life of an intangible asset will not exceed ten years from the date when the asset is available for use. If the persuasive evidence exists to the affect that useful life of an intangible asset exceeds ten years, the Company amortizes the intangible asset over the best estimate of its useful life. Such intangible assets and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. All other intangible assets are assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired.

The amortization period and the amortization method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the amortization period is changed accordingly. If there has been a significant change in the expected pattern of economic benefits from the asset, the amortization method is changed to reflect the changed pattern. Such changes are accounted for in accordance with AS 5- "Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting Policies".

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditure incurred on an individual project is recognized as an intangible asset when the company can demonstrate all the following:

1. The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale

2. Its intention to complete the asset

3. Its ability to use or sell the asset

4. How the asset will generate future economic benefits

5. The availability of adequate resources to complete the development and to use or sell the asset

6. The ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during development.

Designs and Drawings

Amounts paid towards acquisition of designs and drawings for specifically identified products, is carried forward based on assessment of benefits arising from such expenditure. Such expenditure is amortized on straight line basis over the period of expected future sales from the related product, which the management has determined to be 24 months based on past trends, commencing from the month of commencement of commercial production.

Computer Software

Costs relating to software, which are acquired, are capitalized and amortized on a straight line basis over the management''s estimated useful life of four years.

f) Leases

Where the Company is lessee

Leases, where the less or effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

g) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur.

h) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating unit’s (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the Company’s cash-generating units to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations are generally covering a period of five years. For longer periods, a long term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.

Impairment losses, including impairment on inventories, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset’s or cash-generating unit’s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

i) Investments

Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.

On initial recognition, all investments are measured at cost. The cost comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties.

Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.

On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

k) Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized:

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of the goods. The Company collects sales taxes and value added taxes (VAT) on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the Company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue. Excise duty deducted from revenue (gross) is the amount that is included in the revenue (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arising during the year. Interest

Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head “other income” in the statement of profit and loss. l) Foreign currency translation Initial recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction. Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.

Exchange differences

The Company accounts for exchange differences arising on translation/ settlement of foreign currency monetary items as below:

1. Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items related to acquisition of a fixed asset are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset.

2. Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency monetary items are accumulated in the “Foreign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Account” and amortized over the remaining life of the concerned monetary item.

3. All other exchange differences are recognized as income or as expenses in the period in which they arise. For the purpose of 1 and 2 above, the Company treats a foreign monetary item as “long-term foreign currency monetary item”, if it has a term of 12 months or more at the date of its origination. In accordance with MCA circular dated 09 August 2012, exchange differences for this purpose, are total differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items for the period.

Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency risk of an existing asset/ liability

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contract is amortized and recognized as an expense/ income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts, except the contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognized as income or as expense for the period. Any gain/ loss arising on forward contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items is recognized in accordance with paragraph 1 and 2 above.

m) Retirement and other benefits

, Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund and superannuation fund (maintained as per the scheme of Life Insurance Corporation) is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the funds. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the fund scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

The Company operates a defined benefit plan for its employees, viz., gratuity. The costs of providing benefits under this plan are determined on the basis of actuarial valuation at each year-end. Actuarial valuation is carried out for the plan using the projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains and losses for the defined benefit plan are recognized in full in the period in which they occur in the statement of profit and loss.

Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date. The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, to the extent it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date. Where Company has the unconditional legal and contractual right to defer the settlement for a period beyond 12 months, the same is presented as non-current liability. n) Income taxes

Tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the income tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible timing differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realized against future taxable profits.

In the situation where the Company is entitled to a tax holiday under the Income Tax Act, 1961 enacted in India, no deferred tax (asset or liability) is recognized in respect of timing differences which reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the Company''s gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday period. Deferred tax in respect of timing differences which reverse after the tax holiday period is recognized in the year in which the timing differences originate. However, the Company restricts recognition of deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. For recognition of deferred taxes, the timing differences which originate first are considered to reverse first.

At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as “MAT Credit Entitlement.” The Company reviews the “MAT credit entitlement” asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

o) Government grants and subsidies

Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that (i) the company will comply with the conditions attached to them, and (ii) the grant/subsidy will be received. When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as deferred income and released to income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.

Where the company receives non-monetary grants, the asset is accounted for on the basis of its acquisition cost. In case a non-monetary asset is given free of cost, it is recognized at a nominal value. Government grants of the nature of promoters’ contribution are credited to capital reserve and treated as a part of the shareholders’ funds p) Segment reporting

Identification of segment

The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

Inter-segment transfers

The company generally accounts for intersegment sales and transfers at cost plus appropriate margins. Allocation of common costs

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.

Unallocated items

Unallocated items include general corporate income and expense items which are not allocated to any business segment.

Segment accounting policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

q) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares. r) Provisions

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

Warranty provisions

Provisions for warranty-related costs are recognized when the product is sold. Provision is based on historical experience. The estimate of such warranty-related costs is revised annually.

s) Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non- occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

t) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

u) Derivative instruments

In accordance with the ICAI announcement, derivative contracts, other than foreign currency forward contracts covered under AS 11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis, and the net loss, if any, after considering the offsetting effect of gain on the underlying hedged item, is charged to the statement of profit and loss. Net gain, if any, after considering the offsetting effect of loss on the underlying hedged item, is ignored.

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Mar 31, 2015

A) Change in accounting estimates

Depreciation on fixed assets

Till the year ended March 31,2014, Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, prescribed requirements concerning depreciation of fixed assets. From the current year, Schedule XIV has been replaced by Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The applicability of Schedule II has resulted in the following changes related to depreciation of fixed assets. Unless stated otherwise, the impact mentioned for the current year is likely to hold good for future years also.

(i) Useful lives/ depreciation rates

Till the year ended March 31,2014, depreciation rates prescribed under Schedule XIV were treated as minimum rates and the Company was not allowed to charge depreciation at lower rates even if such lower rates were justified by the estimated useful life of the asset. Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 prescribes useful lives for fixed assets which, in many cases, are different from lives prescribed under the erstwhile Schedule XIV. However, Schedule II allows companies to use higher/ lower useful lives and residual values if such useful lives and residual values can be technically supported and justification for difference is disclosed in the financial statements.

From April 1,2014, Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 has become applicable to the Company. Accordingly, the Company has revised the estimated useful life of its assets from rates prescribed under Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 to the rates and useful life prescribed under Schedule II of Companies Act, 2013 except for certain class of assets, mentioned in (d) below. The written down value of fixed assets as at April 01,2014 is being depreciated on prospective basis at the rate prescribed under Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013. This change in accounting estimate has resulted in increase in depreciation and amortization expenses and correspondingly decreases in profit (before tax) for the current year by Rs 19,266,966.

(ii) Depreciation on assets costing less than Rs. 5,000

Till year ended March 31,2014, to comply with the requirements of Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, the Company was charging 100% depreciation on assets costing less than Rs.5,000 in the year of purchase. However, Schedule II to the Companies Act 2013, applicable from the current year, does not recognize such practice. Hence, to comply with the requirement of Schedule II to the Companies Act,2013, the Company has changed its accounting practise for depreciation of assets costing less than Rs.5,000. Consequent to the change, the Company is depreciating such assets over their useful life as assessed by the management. The management has decided to apply the change prospectively from accounting periods commencing on or after April 01,2014.

The change in accounting for depreciation of assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 did not have any material impact on financial statements of the Company for the current year.

b) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

c) Tangible fixed assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance. All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of fixed assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

d) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets

Depreciation on fixed assets is calculated on a straight-line basis using the rates arrived at based on the useful lives estimated by the management. The company has used the following rates to provide depreciation on its fixed assets:

S.No. Assets Useful lives estimated by the management (years)

(i) Buildings 30

(ii) Plant and Machinery 2 to15

(iii) Furniture and fixtures 10

(iv) Office Equipment 5

(v) Computes- Servers & networks 6

(vi) Computes- End user devices 3

(vii) Vehicles 6

The management has estimated, supported by assessment by technical experts, the useful lives of the following classes of assets:

* The useful lives of certain plant and machinery is estimated as ranging between 2 to 15 years, which is lower than those indicated in schedule II.

* Vehicles are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of 6 years, which is lower than those indicated in schedule II.

e) Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life. The Company uses a rebuttable presumption that the useful life of an intangible asset will not exceed ten years from the date when the asset is available for use. If the persuasive evidence exists to the affect that useful life of an intangible asset exceeds ten years, the Company amortizes the intangible asset over the best estimate of its useful life. Such intangible assets and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. All other intangible assets are assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired.

The amortization period and the amortization method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the amortization period is changed accordingly. If there has been a significant change in the expected pattern of economic benefits from the asset, the amortization method is changed to reflect the changed pattern. Such changes are accounted for in accordance with AS 5- "Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting Policies."

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditure incurred on an individual project is recognized as an intangible asset when the company can demonstrate all the following:

1. The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale

2. Its intention to complete the asset

3. Its ability to use or sell the asset

4. How the asset will generate future economic benefits

5. The availability of adequate resources to complete the development and to use or sell the asset

6. The ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during development.

Designs and Drawings

Amounts paid towards acquisition of designs and drawings for specifically identified products, is carried forward based on assessment of benefits arising from such expenditure. Such expenditure is amortised on straight line basis over the period of expected future sales from the related product, which the management has determined to be 24 months based on past trends, commencing from the month of commencement of commercial production.

Computer Software

Costs relating to software, which are acquired, are capitalized and amortised on a straight line basis over the management''s estimated useful life of four years.

f) Leases

Where the Company is lessee

Leases, where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

g) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur.

h) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s cash-generating units to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations are generally covering a period of five years. For longer periods, a long term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.

Impairment losses, including impairment on inventories, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or cash-generating unit''s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

i) Investments

Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.

On initial recognition, all investments are measured at cost. The cost comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties.

Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.

On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

j) Inventories

Inventories are valued as follows:

Raw materials, Lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and components, stores other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written and spares down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost of Raw materials, components and stores and spares is determined on a weighted average basis.

Work-in-progress Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and finished goods and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads, including depreciation, based on normal capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

Scrap At net realizable value

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

k) Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized:

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of the goods. The Company collects sales taxes and value added taxes (VAT) on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the Company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue. Excise duty deducted from revenue (gross) is the amount that is included in the revenue (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arising during the year. Interest

Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head "other income" in the statement of profit and loss.

l) Foreign currency translation Initial recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction. Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.

Exchange differences

The Company accounts for exchange differences arising on translation/ settlement of foreign currency monetary items as below:

1. Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items related to acquisition of a fixed asset are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset.

2. Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency monetary items are accumulated in the "Foreign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Account" and amortized over the remaining life of the concerned monetary item.

3. All other exchange differences are recognized as income or as expenses in the period in which they arise. For the purpose of 1 and 2 above, the Company treats a foreign monetary item as "long-term foreign currency monetary item", if it has a term of 12 months or more at the date of its origination. In accordance with MCA circular dated 09 August 2012, exchange differences for this purpose, are total differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items for the period.

Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency risk of an existing asset/ liability

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contract is amortized and recognized as an expense/ income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts, except the contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognized as income or as expense for the period. Any gain/ loss arising on forward contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items is recognized in accordance with paragraph 1 and 2 above.

m) Retirement and other benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund and superannuation fund (maintained as per the scheme of Life Insurance Corporation) is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the funds. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the fund scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

The Company operates a defined benefit plan for its employees, viz., gratuity. The costs of providing benefits under this plan are determined on the basis of actuarial valuation at each year-end. Actuarial valuation is carried out for the plan using the projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains and losses for the defined benefit plan are recognized in full in the period in which they occur in the statement of profit and loss. Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date. The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/ losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, to the extent it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date. Where Company has the unconditional legal and contractual right to defer the settlement for a period beyond 12 months, the same is presented as non-current liability.

n) Income taxes

Tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the income tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible timing differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realized against future taxable profits.

In the situation where the Company is entitled to a tax holiday under the Income Tax Act, 1961 enacted in India, no deferred tax (asset or liability) is recognized in respect of timing differences which reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the Company''s gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday period. Deferred tax in respect of timing differences which reverse after the tax holiday period is recognized in the year in which the timing differences originate. However, the Company restricts recognition of deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. For recognition of deferred taxes, the timing differences which originate first are considered to reverse first.

At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date. The Company writes- down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement." The Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement" asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

o) Segment reporting

Identification of segments

The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

Segment accounting policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

p) Earnings per share

Basic earning per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

q) Provisions

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Warranty provisions Provisions for warranty-related costs are recognized when the product is sold. Provision is based on historical experience. The estimate of such warranty-related costs is revised annually.

r) Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non- occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

s) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

t) Derivative instruments

In accordance with the ICAI announcement, derivative contracts, other than foreign currency forward contracts covered under AS 11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis, and the net loss, if any, after considering the offsetting effect of gain on the underlying hedged item, is charged to the statement of profit and loss. Net gain, if any, after considering the offsetting effect of loss on the underlying hedged item, is ignored.

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Mar 31, 2013

A) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

b) Tangible fixed assets

- Fixed assets are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.

- Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance. All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

- Gains or losses arising from derecognition of fixed assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

c) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets

- Depreciation is provided using Straight Line Method as per the useful life of the asset estimated by the management which are equal to the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 other than the cases as mentioned in para (i) to (iii) below where the rate of depreciation is higher than those prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

- Depreciation on the amount of adjustment to fixed assets on account of capitalisation of insurance spares is provided over the remaining useful life of related assets.

- Assets costing less than or equal to Rs. 5,000 are depreciated fully in the year of purchase.

d) Intangible assets

- Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

- Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life. The Company uses a rebuttable presumption that the useful life of an intangible asset will not exceed ten years from the date when the asset is available for use. If the persuasive evidence exists to the affect that useful life of an intangible asset exceeds ten years, the Company amortizes the intangible asset over the best estimate of its useful life. Such intangible assets and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. All other intangible assets are assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired.

- The amortization period and the amortization method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the amortization period is changed accordingly. If there has been a significant change in the expected pattern of economic benefits from the asset, the amortization method is changed to reflect the changed pattern. Such changes are accounted for in accordance with AS 5 Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting Policies.

- Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

- Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditure can only be capitalized if specific conditions are fulfilled.

Designs and Drawings

Amounts paid towards acquisition of designs and drawings for specifically identified products, being development expenditure incurred towards product design is carried forward based on assessment of benefits arising from such expenditure. Such expenditure is amortised over the period of expected future sales from the related product, which the management has determined to be 24 months based on past trends, commencing from the month of commencement of commercial production.

Computer Software

Costs relating to software, which are acquired, are capitalized and amortised on a straight line basis over the useful lives of four years.

e) Leases

Where the Company is lessee

Leases, where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

f) Borrowing Costs

- Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings.

- Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur.

g) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets

- The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

- The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s cash-generating units to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations are generally covering a period of five years. For longer periods, a long term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.

- Impairment losses, including impairment on inventories, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

- After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

- An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or cash-generating unit''s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

h) Investments

- Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.

- On initial recognition, all investments are measured at cost. The cost comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties.

- Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.

- On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

i) Inventories

Inventories are valued as follows:

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

j) Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized:

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of the goods. The Company collects sales taxes and value added taxes (VAT) on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the Company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue. Excise duty deducted from revenue (gross) is the amount that is included in the revenue (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arising during the year.

Interest

IInterest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head "other income" in the statement of profit and loss.

k) Foreign currency translation Initial recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.

Exchange differences

The Company accounts for exchange differences arising on translation/ settlement of foreign currency monetary items as below:

1. Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items related to acquisition of a fixed asset are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset.

2. Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency monetary items are accumulated in the "Foreign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Account" and amortized over the remaining life of the concerned monetary item.

3. All other exchange differences are recognized as income or as expenses in the period in which they arise.

For the purpose of 1 and 2 above, the Company treats a foreign monetary item as "long-term foreign currency monetary item", if it has a term of 12 months or more at the date of its origination. In accordance with MCA circular dated 09 August 2012, exchange differences for this purpose, are total differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items for the period.

Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency risk of an existing asset/ liability

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contract is amortized and recognized as an expense/ income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts, except the contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognized as income or as expense for the period. Any gain/ loss arising on forward contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items is recognized in accordance with paragraph 1 and 2 above.

l) Retirement and other benefits

(i) Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund and superannuation fund (maintained as per the scheme of Life Insurance Corporation) is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the funds. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the fund scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

(ii) The Company operates a defined benefit plan for its employees, viz., gratuity. The costs of providing benefits under this plan are determined on the basis of actuarial valuation at each year- end. Actuarial valuation is carried out for the plan using the projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains and losses for the defined benefit plan are recognized in full in the period in which they occur in the statement of profit and loss.

(iii) Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

(iv) The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, to the extent it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date. Where Company has the unconditional legal and contractual right to defer the settlement for a period beyond 12 months, the same is presented as non-current liability.

m) Income taxes

- Tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the income tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

- Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

- Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible timing differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realized against future taxable profits.

- In the situation where the Company is entitled to a tax holiday under the Income Tax Act, 1961 enacted in India, no deferred tax (asset or liability) is recognized in respect of timing differences which reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the Company''s gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday period. Deferred tax in respect of timing differences which reverse after the tax holiday period is recognized in the year in which the timing differences originate. However, the Company restricts recognition of deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. For recognition of deferred taxes, the timing differences which originate first are considered to reverse first.

- At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

- The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

- Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

- Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement." The Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement" asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

n) Segment reporting

Identification of segments

The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

Segment accounting policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

o) Earnings per share

- Basic earning per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

- For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

p) Provisions

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

Warranty provisions

Provisions for warranty-related costs are recognized when the product is sold. Provision is based on historical experience. The estimate of such warranty-related costs is revised annually.

q) Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non- occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

r) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

s) Derivative instruments

In accordance with the ICAI announcement, derivative contracts, other than foreign currency forward contracts covered under AS 11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis, and the net loss, if any, after considering the offsetting effect of gain on the underlying hedged item, is charged to the statement of profit and loss. Net gain, if any, after considering the offsetting effect of loss on the underlying hedged item, is ignored.

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Mar 31, 2012

A) Change in accounting policy

Presentation and disclosure of financial statements

During the year ended 31 March 2012, the revised Schedule VI notified under the Companies Act 1956, has become applicable to the Company, for preparation and presentation of its financial statements. The adoption of revised Schedule VI does not impact recognition and measurement principles followed for preparation of financial statements. However, it has significant impact on presentation and disclosures made in the financial statements. The Company has also reclassified the previous year's figures in accordance with the requirements applicable in the current year.

b) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management's best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

c) Tangible fixed assets

- Fixed assets are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.

- Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance. All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

- From accounting periods commencing on or after 7 December 2006, the Company adjusts exchange differences arising on translation/ settlement of long-term foreign currency monetary items pertaining to the acquisition of a depreciable asset to the cost of the asset and depreciates the same over the remaining life of the asset.

- Gains or losses arising from derecognition of fixed assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

d) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets

- Depreciation on fixed assets is provided using the straight line method as per the estimated useful lives of the fixed assets estimated by the management, which results in depreciation rates being equal to the corresponding rates prescribed in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 except for certain non factory buildings like boundary wall, tubewell and road which are depreciated at 3.34%, the rate of which is higher than the rate prescribed in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.

- Depreciation on the amount of adjustment to fixed assets on account of capitalisation of insurance spares is provided over the remaining useful life of related assets.

- Assets costing less than or equal to Rs. 5,000 are depreciated fully in the year of purchase.

e) Intangible assts

- Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

- Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life. The Company uses a rebuttable presumption that the useful life of an intangible asset will not exceed ten years from the date when the asset is available for use. If the persuasive evidence exists to the affect that useful life of an intangible asset exceeds ten years, the Company amortizes the intangible asset over the best estimate of its useful life. Such intangible assets and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. All other intangible assets are assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired.

- The amortization period and the amortization method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the amortization period is changed accordingly. If there has been a significant change in the expected pattern of economic benefits from the asset, the amortization method is changed to reflect the changed pattern. Such changes are accounted for in accordance with AS 5 Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting Policies.

- Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and arerecognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

Designs and Drawings

Amounts paid towards acquisition of designs and drawings for specifically identified products, being development expenditure incurred towards product design is carried forward based on assessment of benefits arising from such expenditure. Such expenditure is amortised over the period of expected future sales from the related product, which the management has determined to be 24 months based on past trends, commencing from the month of commencement of commercial production.

Computer Software

Costs relating to Software, which are acquired, are capitalized and amortised on a straight line basis over the useful lives of four years.

f) Leases

Where the Company is lessee

Leases, where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

g) Borrowing Costs

- Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

- Ancilliary costs of arranging the borrowings are amortized equally over the period for which the funds are acquired. During an earlier year, the Company incurred such expenditure amounting to Rs. 18,118,261/- on External Commercial Borrowings which is being amortized over a period of 5 years. During the year, an amount of Rs.3,623,652/- (Previous year: Rs. 3,623,652/-) has been charged to the statement of profit and loss.

- Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur.

h) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets

- The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's or cash-generating unit's (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

- The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the company's cash-generating units to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations are generally covering a period of five years. For longer periods, a long term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.

- Impairment losses, including impairment on inventories, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

- After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

- An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset's or cash-generating unit's recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset's recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit and loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

i) Investments

- Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.

- On initial recognition, all investments are measured at cost. The cost comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees additions.

- Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments. On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

j) Inventories

Inventories are valued as follows:

Raw materials, components, stores and spares

Lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

Work-in-progress and finished goods

Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads, including depreciation, based on normal capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

Scrap At net realizable value

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

k) Revenue Recognition

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of the goods. The Company collects sales taxes and value added taxes (VAT) on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the Company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue. Excise duty deducted from revenue (gross) is the amount that is included in the revenue (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arising during the year.

Sale of goods

Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of the goods.

Interest

Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head "other income" in the statement of profit and loss.

Dividends

Dividend income is recognized when the Company's right to receive dividend is established by the reporting date. l) Foreign currency translation Initial recognition Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevalling at the reporting date. Non-monetary items which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items which aremeasured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.

Exchange differences

From accounting periods commencing on or after 7 December 2006, the Company accounts for exchange differences arising on translation/ settlement of foreign currency monetary items as below:

1. Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items related to acquisition of a fixed asset are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset. For this purpose, the Company treats a foreign monetary item as "long-term foreign currency monetary item", if it has a term of 12 months or more at the date of its origination.

2. Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency monetary items are accumulated in the "Foreign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Account" and amortized over the remaining life of the concerned monetary item.

3. All other exchange differences are recognized as income or as expenses in the period in which they arise.

Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency risk of an existing asset/ liability

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contract is amortized and recognized as an expense/ income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts, except the contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognized as income or as expense for the period. Any gain/ loss arising on forward contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items is recognized in accordance with paragraph 1 and 2 above.

l) Retirement and other benefits

(i) Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund contributions and superannuation fund (maintained per the scheme of Life Insurance Corporation) which are defined contribution schemes are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due. The Company does not have any other obligation other than contribution payable to the fund.

(ii) Gratuity liability under the Payment of Gratuity Act is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. The gratuity plan has been funded by policy taken from Life Insurance Corporation of India. Actuarial gains and losses for defined benefit plan are recognized in full in the period in which they occur in the statement of profit and loss.

(iii) Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

(iv) The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

m) Income taxes

- Tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the income tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

- Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

- Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible timing differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realized against future taxable profits.

- In the situation where the Company is entitled to a tax holiday under the Income Tax Act, 1961 enacted in India, no deferred tax (asset or liability) is recognized in respect of timing differences which reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the Company's gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday period. Deferred tax in respect of timing differences which reverse after the tax holiday period is recognized in the year in which the timing differences originate. However, the Company restricts recognition of deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. For recognition of deferred taxes, the timing differences which originate first are considered to reverse first.

- At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

- The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date. The Company writes- down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

- Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

n) Segment reporting

Identification of segments

The Company's operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

Segment accounting policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

o) Earnings per share

- Basic earning per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

- For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

p) Provisions

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

Warranty provisions

Provisions for warranty-related costs are recognized when the product is sold. Provision is based on historical experience. The estimate of such warranty-related costs is revised annually.

q) Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non- occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

r) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

s) Derivative instruments

In accordance with the ICAI announcement, derivative contracts, other than foreign currency forward contracts covered under AS 11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis, and the net loss, if any, after considering the offsetting effect of gain on the underlying hedged item, is charged to the statement of profit and loss. Net gain, if any, after considering the offsetting effect of loss on the underlying hedged item, is ignored.

t) Measurement of EBITDA

As permitted by the Guidance Note on the Revised Schedule VI to the Companies Act,1956, the Company has elected to present earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) as a separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. The company measures EBITDA on the basis of profit/ (loss) from continuing operations. In its measurement, the Company does not include depreciation and amortization expense, finance costs and tax expense.

(b) Terms/ rights attached to equity shares

- The Company has only one class of equity shares having par value of Rs. 2 /- per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share. The Company declares and pays dividends in Indian rupees. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting.

- During the year ended 31 March 2012, the amount of per share dividend recognized as distributions to equity shareholders is Rs. 3.00 previous year Rs. 2.50.

- In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.

a. Indian rupee loan from a bank was taken during the financial year 2010-11 and carries interest linked to Bank base rate 2.50% p.a. The loan is repayable in 10 quarterly installments of Rs. 20,000,000 each after the initial moratorium of 6 months from the date of first drawdown, viz., 28 February, 2011. The loan is secured by equitable mortgage charge over property at 9-11, Maruti Industrial Area, Gurgaon-122015.

b. Foreign currency loan from a bank carries a fixed rate of interest @ 9.10% p.a (fixed by interest rate swap contract on INR notional). The loan is repayable in 16 quarterly installments of JPY 39,868,033 (Rs. 24,502,894) each, beginning from 26th June 2009. The loan is secured by equitable mortgage charge over property at 9-11, Maruti Industrial Area, Gurgaon-122015.

c. External Commercial Borrowing ('ECB') from a bank carries a fixed rate of interest @ 8.85% p.a (fixed by interest rate swap contract on INR notional). The loan is repayable in 17 equal quarterly installments of JPY 68,029,412 (Rs. 31,863,971), started from 31st December, 2009. The loan is secured with an exclusive charge on the fixed assets to be procured out of the loan along with mortgage charge over property at 9-11, Maruti Industrial Area, Gurgaon -122015.

d. Buyer's credit from a bank in EURO, JPY & USD carries a fixed rate of interest @ 8.70% p.a., 8.70% p.a. & 8.00% p.a. respectively (fixed by interest rate swap contracts on INR notional). The loan in USD was taken during the financial year 2010-11 and is repayable in four half yearly installments of USD 77,500 (Rs. 3,631,263) each, started from 20th January, 2012. The loan in EURO is repayable in four half yearly installments of EURO 110,841 (Rs. 7,747,768) each, started from 4th March, 2011. The loan in JPY is repayable in four half yearly installments of JPY 10,990,000 (Rs. 5,872,923) each, started from 8th September, 2010. The loans are secured by exclusive charge on specific imported machineries against which buyers credit has been availed.

Provision for warranties

A provision is recognized for expected warranty claims on products sold during the last one to three years as per warranty period on respective models, based on past experience of level of repairs and returns. Assumption used to calculate the provision for warranties are based on current sales level and current information available about returns based on the warranty period for all products sold. The table below gives information about movement in warranty provision:

Provision for contingency

The Company had received a show-cause notice from Haryana State Pollution Control Board ('HSPCB') in 2009-10 towards contamination of ground water caused due to higher concentration of chromium used by the Company as compared to the minimum expected level. Pursuant to the show cause notice, the management had submitted a time bound remediation plan as per which specified milestones were to be achieved at the end of each quarter till December 2010. A bank guarantee of Rs. 50,000,000 had also been submitted to HSPCB. The management has initiated adequate steps suggested by the experts and has completed the plan within the overall time frame. Against the appeal filed by the Company with Appellate Authority, HSPCB, the case has been decided by the appellate authority on November 4, 2011 and as per the order of the appellate authority, bank guarantee of Rs. 37,500,000 has been released and bank guarantee of Rs. 12,500,000 has been forfeited by HSPCB. The Company has filed a writ petition against the order of the appellate authority with the Hon'ble High Court of Punjab and Haryana, which is pending for disposal. Since the matter is subjudice, provision of Rs. 7,500,000 (Previous year Rs. 32,500,000), over and above the amount already forfeited by HSPCB, has been retained towards any contingency, as per management's assessment of the costs to be incurred. The table below gives information about movement in provision (others):

Cash credit and working capital loan from banks are secured by the hypothecation of stocks and book debts, both present and future. The cash credit is repayable on demand and carries interest @ 11.25% to 13% p.a. Working capital loan carries interest @ 10.75% p.a.

Unamortised premium on forward contracts

A sum of Rs. 357,710 (Previous year Rs. 2,620,522) on account of unamortized foreign exchange premium on outstanding forward exchange contracts is being carried forward to be charged to the statement of profit and loss of subsequent period.

Margin money deposit pledged as security with bank Fixed deposit of Rs. 50,000 has been pledged with VAT authorities. Fixed deposit of Rs. 2,500,000 in the previous year was held as margin money against issuance of bank guarantee of Rs. 50,000,000 provided in favour of Haryana State Pollution Control Board.

#In accordance with explanations below Para 10 of Notified Accounting Standard 9 - Revenue Recognition, excise duty on sales amounting to Rs. 1,172,093,764 (Previous year Rs. 990,879,090) has been reduced from sales in the statement of profit and loss and excise duty on variation of opening and closing stock of finished goods and scrap amounting to Rs. 1,965,520 (Previous year Rs. 426,523) has been considered as expense in note 22 of the financial statements.

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Mar 31, 2011

A) Basis of preparation

The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material respects with the Notified accounting standard by Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis. The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and are consistent with those used in the previous year.

b) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting period end. Although these estimates are based upon managements best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates.

c) Tangible assets and depreciation

- Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing cost relating to acquisition of fixed assets, which take substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use, are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use. Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with an item of fixed assets and whose use as per technical assessment is expected to be irregular are capitalized.

- In respect of accounting periods commencing on or after 7th December, 2006, exchange differences arising on reporting of the long-term foreign currency monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in the previous financial statements are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset and are depreciated over the balance life of the asset, if these monetary items pertain to the acquisition of a depreciable fixed asset.

- Depreciation is provided using the straight line method as per the estimated useful lives of the fixed assets estimated by the management, which results in depreciation rates being equal to the corresponding rates prescribed in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 except for certain non factory buildings like boundary wall, tubewell and road which are depreciated at 3.34%, the rate of which is higher than the rate prescribed in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.

- Depreciation on the amount of adjustment to fixed assets on account of capitalisation of insurance spares is provided over the remaining useful life of related assets.

- All assets costing upto Rs 5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.

d) Intangible assets and amortisation

Designs and Drawings

Amounts paid towards acquisition of designs and drawings for specifically identified products, being development expenditure incurred towards product design is carried forward based on assessment of benefits arising from such expenditure. Such expenditure is amortised over the period of expected future sales from the related product, which the management has determined to be 24 months based on past trends, commencing from the month of commencement of commercial production.

Computer Software

Costs relating to Software, which are acquired, are capitalized and amortised on a straight line basis over the useful lives of four years.

The period of amortisation is reassessed annually to ascertain reasonableness and appropriateness.

e) Impairment

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine if there is any indication of impairment based on external/internal factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risk specific to the asset.

f) Leases

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased term are classified as operating charges. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the profit and loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

g) Investments

Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments. Current investments are carried at lower of cost and market value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline, other than temporary, in the value of the investments.

i) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

Sale of goods

Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer. Sale of goods is inclusive of excise duty but exclusive of sales tax. Excise Duty deducted from turnover (gross) is the amount that is included in the amount of turnover (gross) and not the entire amount of liability that arose during the year.

Interest

Revenue is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

Dividends

Dividend income on investments is accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established.

j) Miscellaneous expenditure

Costs incurred in raising funds are amortized equally over the period for which the funds are acquired. During an earlier year, the Company incurred such expenditure amounting to Rs. 18,118,261 on ECB loan which is being amortized over a period of 5 years. During the year, an amount of Rs.3,623,652 (Previous year: Rs. 3,623,652) has been charged to Profit & Loss Account.

k) Warranty costs

Warranty costs are provided on accrual basis determined based on past experience of claims. Exceptional warranty claims are not taken into account to determine such provisions.

l) Foreign currency transactions

(i) Initial recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

(ii) Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.

(iii) Exchange differences

Exchange differences, in respect of accounting periods commencing on or after 7th December, 2006, arising on reporting of long-term foreign currency monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements,in so far as they relate to the acquisition of a depreciable capital asset, are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset and are depreciated over the balance life of the asset, and in other cases, are accumulated in a "Foreign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Account” in the enterprises financial statements and amortized over the balance period of such long-term asset/ liability but not beyond accounting period ending on or before 31st March, 2011.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items not covered above, or on reporting such monetary items of the Company at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

(iv) Forward exchange contracts not intended for trading or speculation purposes

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward exchange contract is recognized as income or as expense for the year. However, exchange difference in respect of accounting period commencing on or after 7th December, 2006 arising on the forward exchange contract undertaken to hedge the long term foreign currency monetary item, in so far as they relate to the acquisition of depreciable capital asset, are added to or deducted from the cost of asset and in other cases, are accumulated in "Foreign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Account” and amortised over the balance period of such long term asset / liability but not beyond 31st March, 2011.

(v) Forward Exchange Contracts for trading or speculation purposes

A gain or loss on such forward exchange contracts is computed by multiplying the foreign currency amount of the forward exchange contract by the difference between the forward rate available at the reporting date for the remaining maturity of the contract and the contracted forward rate (or the forward rate last used to measure a gain or loss on that contract for an earlier year). The gain or loss so computed is recognized in the statement of profit and loss for the period. The premium or discount on the forward exchange contract is not recognized separately.

m) Retirement and other employee benefits

(i) Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund contributions and superannuation fund (maintained per the scheme of Life Insurance Corporation) which are defined contribution schemes are charged to the profit and loss account of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due. The Company does not have any other obligation other than contribution payable to the fund.

(ii) Gratuity liability under the Payment of Gratuity Act is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. The gratuity plan has been funded by policy taken from Life Insurance Corporation of India.

(iii) Short term compensated absences are provided for on based on estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method.

(iv) Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to profit and loss account and are not deferred.

n) Income taxes

Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax and fringe benefit tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961, enacted in India. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realized against future taxable profits.

At each balance sheet date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

o) Provisions

A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

p) Segment Reporting Policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

q) Earnings per share

Basic earning per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

r) Cash and cash equivalent

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

s) Derivative instruments

As per the ICAI Announcement, accounting for derivative contracts, other than those covered under AS-11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis, and the net loss after considering the offsetting effect on the underlying hedge item is charged to the income statement. Net gains are ignored.

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Mar 31, 2010

A) Basis of preparation

The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material respects with the Notified accounting standard by Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis. The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and are consistent with those used in the previous year.

b) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally apcepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting period end. Although these estimates are based upon managements best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates.

c) Tangible assets and depreciation

- Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing cost relating to acquisition of fixed assets, which take substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use, are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use. Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with an item of fixed assets and whose use as per technical assessment is expected to be irregular, are capitalized.

- In respect of accounting periods commencing on or after 7th December, 2006, exchange differences arising on reporting of the long-term foreign currency monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in the previous financial statements are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset and are depreciated over the balance life of the asset, if these monetary items pertain to the acquisition of a depreciable fixed asset.

- Depreciation is provided using the straight line method as per the estimated useful lives of the fixed assets estimated by the management, which results in depreciation rates being equal to the corresponding rates prescribed in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 except for certain non factory buildings like boundary wall, tubewell and road which are depreciated at 3.34%, the rate of which is higher than the rate prescribed in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.

- Depreciation on the amount of adjustment to fixed assets on account of capitalisation of insurance spares is provided over the remaining useful life of related assets.

- All assets costing upto Rs 5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.

d) Impairment

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine if there is any indication of impairment based on external/internal factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.

e) Intangible assets and amortisation Designs and Drawings

Amounts paid towards acquisition of designs and drawings for specifically identified products, being development expenditure incurred towards product design is carried forward based on assessment of benefits arising from such expenditure. Such expenditure is amortised over the period of expected future sales from the related product, which the management has determined to be 24 months based on past trends, commencing from the month of commencement of commercial production.

Computer Software

Costs relating to Software, which are acquired, are capitalized and amortised on a straight line basis over the useful lives of four years.

The period of amortisation is reassessed annually to ascertain reasonableness and appropriateness.

f) Leases

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased term are classified as operating charges. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the profit and loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

g) Investments

Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments. Current investments are carried at lower of cost and market value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline, other than temporary, in the value of the investments. h) Inventories

Inventories are valued as follows:

Raw materials, components, stores and spares

Lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

Work-in-progress and finished goods

Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads, including depreciation, based on normal capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.

Scrap At net realizable value

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and selling expenses. I) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Sale of goods

Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer. Sale of goods is inclusive of excise duty but exclusive of sales tax. Excise Duty deducted from turnover (gross) is the amount that is included in the amount of turnover (gross) and not the entire amount of liability that arose during the year. Interest

Revenue is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Dividends

Dividend income on investments is accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established. j) Miscellaneous expenditure

Costs incurred in raising funds are amortized equally overthe period for which the funds are acquired. During the previous year, the Company incurred such expenditure amounting to Rs. 18,118,261 on ECB loan which is being amortized over a period of 5 years. During the year an amount of Rs. 3,623,652 (Previous year: Rs. 1,811,826) has been charged to Profit & Loss Account. k) Warranty costs

Warranty costs are provided on accrual basis determined based on past experience of claims. Exceptional warranty claims are not taken into account to determine such provisions.

I) Foreign currency transactions

(i) Initial recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

(ii) Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.

(iii) Exchange differences

Exchange differences, in respect of accounting periods commencing on or after 7m December, 2006, arising on reporting of long-term foreign currency monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, in so far as they relate to the acquisition of a depreciable capital asset, are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset and are depreciated over the balance life of the asset, and in other cases, are accumulated in a "Foreign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Account" in the enterprises financial statements and amortized over the balance period of such long-term asset/liability but not beyond accounting period ending on or before 31stMarch, 2011.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items not covered above, or on reporting such monetary items of the Company at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

(iv) Forward exchange contracts not intended for trading or speculation purposes

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward exchange contract is recognized as income or as expense for the year. However, exchange difference in respect of accounting period commencing on or after 7th December, 2006 arising on the forward exchange contract undertaken to hedge the long term foreign currency monetary item, in so far as they relate to the acquisition of depreciable capital asset, are added to or deducted from the cost of asset and in other cases, are accumulated in "Foreign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Account" and amortised over the balance period of such long term asset / liability but not beyond 31 st March, 2011.

(v) Forward Exchange Contracts for trading or speculation purposes

Again or loss on such forward exchange contracts is computed by multiplying the foreign currency amount of the forward exchange contract by the difference between the forward rate available at the reporting date for the remaining maturity of the contract and the contracted forward rate (or the forward rate last used to measure a gain or loss on that contract for an earlier year). The gain or loss so computed is recognized in the statement of profit and loss for the period. The premium or discount on the forward exchange contract is not recognized separately.

m) Retirement and other employee benefits

(i) Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund contributions and superannuation fund (maintained per the scheme of Life Insurance Corporation) which are defined contribution schemes are charged to the profit and loss account of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due. The Company does not have any other obligation other than contribution payable to the fund.

(ii) Gratuity liability under the Payment of Gratuity Act is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. The gratuity plan has been funded by policy taken from Life Insurance Corporation of India.

(iii) Short term compensated absences are provided for on based on estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method. (iv) Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to profit and loss account and are not deferred

n) Income taxes

Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax and fringe benefit tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961, enacted in India. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realized against future taxable profits. At each balance sheet date, the Company re- assesses unrecognized deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

o) Provisions

A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

p) Earnings per share

Basic earning per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

q) Cash and cash equivalent

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

r) Derivative instruments

As per the ICAI Announcement, accounting for derivative contracts, other than those covered under AS-11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis, and the net loss after considering the offsetting effect on the underlying hedge item is charged to the income statement. Net gains are ignored.