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Accounting Policies of Polson Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2018

Summary of significant accounting policies

1. Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading

- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

2. Fair value measurement

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

The Company’s Management determines the policies and procedures for both recurring fair value measurement, such as derivative instruments and unquoted financial assets measured at fair value, and for non-recurring measurement, such as assets held for distribution in discontinued operations.

At each reporting date, the Management analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be remeasured or re-assessed as per the Company’s accounting policies. For this analysis, the Management verifies the major inputs applied in the latest valuation by agreeing the information in the valuation computation to contracts and other relevant documents.

The Management also compares the change in the fair value of each asset and liability with relevant external sources to determine whether the change is reasonable.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

This note summarises accounting policy for fair value. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.

Disclosures for valuation methods, significant estimates and assumptions.

Financial instruments (including those carried at amortised cost).

3. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government.

Revenue from sale of goods

Revenue from export sales is recognised when delivery of goods is physically given to Customs authorities. Revenue from domestic sales is recognised when goods are delivered to the customer and the title of goods passes to the customers.

Interest and dividend income

The interest and dividends are recognised only when no uncertainty as to measurability or collectability exists. Interest on fixed deposits is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

4. Inventories:

i) Cost of inventories includes cost of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (on FIFO basis) and the net realisable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary.

5. Foreign currency transactions and translation

i) Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated in functional currency at closing rates of exchange at the reporting date.

ii) Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items recognised in statement of profit and loss.

iii) The Company is primarily engaged in business of imports and exports. It has availed foreign currency denominated credit facilities for the purpose of its export and import business. As the Company enters into business transactions based on the prevailing exchange rates, the gain/ (loss) on this account is considered to be an integral part of the operations of the Company in accordance with industry practice and to avoid distortion of operating performance.

6. Taxes Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The Company determines the tax as per the provisions of Income Tax Act 1961 and other rules specified thereunder.

Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided in full using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised, except when the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity .

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

7 a) Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and where applicable accumulated impairment losses. Property, plant and equipment and capital work in progress cost include expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset. The cost of self-constructed assets includes the cost of materials, direct labour and any other costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to a working condition for its intended use, and the costs of dismantling and removing the items and restoring the site on which they are located. Purchased software that is integral to the functionality of the related equipment is capitalized as part of that equipment.

When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Subsequent Cost

The cost of replacing part of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in the carrying amount of the item if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within the part will flow to the Company and its cost can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is de-recognised and charged to the statement of Profit and Loss. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

b) Intangible assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment loss. The system software which is expected to provide future enduring benefits is capitalised. The capitalised cost includes license fees and cost of implementation/system integration.

Depreciation and amortisation

The depreciation on tangible assets except windmill is calculated on SLM method over the estimated useful life of assets prescribed by the Schedule II to the Companies Act 2013 as follows:

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Derecognition of assets

An item of property plant & equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset is included in the income statement when the asset is derecognised.

8. Investment property

Property that is held for long term rental yield or for capital appreciation or both, and that is not occupied by the Company, is classified as Investment property. Investment properties measured initially at cost including related transitions cost and where applicable borrowing cost. Subsequent expenditure is capitalised to the assets carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintainance costs are expensed when incurred. When part of an investment property is incurred the carrying amount of replaced part is derecognised.

Investment properties other than land are depreciated using SLM method over the estimated useful life of assets prescribed by the Schedule II to the Companies Act 2013 i.e. 60 years for office premises. Investment properties include:(i)Office premises.

9. Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

10. Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The contingent liability is not recognised in books of account but its existence is disclosed in financial statements.

11. Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating unit’s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset. unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or Company’s assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

12. Biological assets

The biological assets of the Group comprise Eucalyptus Plantations, Other Plantation in Progress and Live Stock.

As the fair value could not be reliably measured, Biological asset are measured at its cost less any accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Once the fair value of such a biological asset becomes reliably measurable, Company will measure it at its fair value less costs to sell

13. Provisions

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

14. Financial instruments

Initial recognition

The company recognise the financial asset and financial liabilities when it becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. All the financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised at fair value on initial recognition, except for trade receivable which are initially recognised at transaction price. Transaction cost that are directly attributable to the acquisition of financial asset and financial liabilities, that are not at fair value through profit and loss, are added to the fair value on the initial recognition.

Subsequent measurement

(A) Non derivative financial instruments

(i) Financial Assets at amortised cost

A financial assets is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met :

a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

This category is the most relevant to the Company. All the Loans and other receivables under financial assets (except Investments) are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Trade receivables do not carry any interest and are stated at their nominal value as reduced by impairment amount.

(ii) Financial Assets at Fair Value through Profit or Loss/Other comprehensive income

Instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

If the company decides to classify an instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to P&L, even on sale of investment. However, the company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.

(iii) Financial liabilities

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

(a) Loans and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. However, the Company has borrowings at floating rates. Considering the impact of restatement of Effective interest rate, transaction cost is being amortised over the tenure of loan and borrowing.

(b) Trade & other payables

After initial recognition, trade and other payables maturing within one year from the Balance sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

(B) Derivative financial instruments

The company holds derivatives financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward and option contracts to mitigate the risk of changes in exchange rates on foreign currency exposures. Company has taken all the forward contract from the bank.

The company have derivative financial assets/financial liabilities which are not designated as hedges;

Derivatives not designated are initially recognised at the fair value and attributable transaction cost are recognised in statement of profit and loss, when incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, these derivatives are measured at fair value through profit and loss. Asset/ Liabilities in this category are presented as current asset/current liabilities.

Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

15. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, as they are considered an integral part of the Company’s cash management.

16. Employee Benefits

i) Defined contribution plans (Provident Fund)

In accordance with Indian Law, eligible employees receive benefits from Provident Fund, which is defined contribution plan. Both the employee and employer make monthly contributions to the plan, which is administrated by the Government authorities, each equal to the specific percentage of employee’s basic salary. The Company has no further obligation under the plan beyond its monthly contributions. Obligation for contributions to the plan is recognised as an employee benefit expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred.

ii) Defined benefit plans (Gratuity)

In accordance with applicable Indian Law, the Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan (the Gratuity Plan) covering eligible employees. The Gratuity Plan provides a lumsump payment to vested employees, at retirement or termination of employment, and amount based on respective last drawn salary and the years of employment with the Company. The Company’s net obligation in respect of the Gratuity Plan is calculated by estimating the amount of future benefits that the employees have earned in return of their service in the current and prior periods; that benefit is discounted to determine its present value. Any unrecognised past service cost and the fair value of plan assets are deducted. The discount rate is yield at reporting date on risk free government bonds that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Company’s obligation. The calculation is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. When the calculation results in a benefit to the Company, the recognised asset is limited to the total of any unrecognised past service cost and the present value of the economic benefits available in the form of any future refunds from the plan or reduction in future contribution to the plan.

The Company recognises all Remeasurement of net defined benefit liability/asset directy in other comprehensive income and presented within equity.

iii) Short term benefits

Short term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as a related service provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid under short term cash bonus or profit sharing plans if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.

17. Lease Operating lease:

Lease of assets under which all the risk and rewards of ownership are effectively retained by the lessor are classified as operating lease. Lease payments / revenue under operating leases are recognised as an expense / income on accrual basis in accordance with the respective lease agreements.

18. Earnings per share

Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit attributable to equity shareholders for the year, by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.


Mar 31, 2016

1. Corporate information

Polson Limited ("The Company") was incorporated on 21st December, 1938 by Mr. Pestonji Edulji Dalal and others. The management of the Company taken over by Late Mr. Jagdish Kapadia, Former Chairman and Mr. Amol Kapadia, Managing Director in 1970. The principal activities of the Company comprise Manufacturing and selling of SYNTHETIC ORGANIC TANNING SUBSTANCE for Domestic and Export market. Plant of the Company is located in Amba, Taluka Shahuwadi, Dist. Kolhapur, Maharashtra.

2. Statement of Significant Accounting Policies adopted by the Company in the preparation of Financial Statements as at and for the year ended March 31, 2016

2.1 Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (Indian GAAP) to comply with the Accounting standards notified under the companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 ( as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act,2013.

The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis under the historical cost convention except for categories of fixed assets acquired before 1 April, 1996, that are carried at revalued amounts. The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees rounded off to the nearest rupees ignoring the Paise.

2.2 Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) and the reported income and expenses during the year. The Management believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could differ due to these estimates and the differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognized in the periods in which the results are known / materialized.

2.3 Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (on FIFO basis) and the net realizable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes all charges in bringing the goods to the point of sale, including octroi and other levies, transit insurance and receiving charges. Work-in-progress and finished goods include appropriate proportion of overheads and, where applicable, excise duty.

2.4 Cash and cash equivalents (for purposes of Cash Flow Statement)

Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

2.5 Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit / (loss) before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated based on the available information.

2.6 Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation has been provided on Straight Line method as per the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Depreciation is provided based on useful life of the assets by determining the remaining life of the assets from the WDV value as on 31st March 2015.

2.7 Revenue recognition Sale of goods

Sales are recognized, net of returns and trade discounts, on transfer of significant risks and rewards of ownership to the customer, which generally coincides with the delivery of goods to customers.

2.8 Other income

Interest income is accounted on accrual basis. Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive it is established.

2.9 Tangible fixed assets

Fixed assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. The cost of fixed assets includes interest on borrowings attributable to acquisition of qualifying fixed assets up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use and other incidental expenses incurred up to that date. Exchange differences arising on restatement / settlement of long-term foreign currency borrowings relating to acquisition of depreciable fixed assets are adjusted to the cost of the respective assets and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets. Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with an item of fixed asset and whose use is expected to be irregular are capitalized and depreciated over the useful life of the principal item of the relevant assets. Subsequent expenditure relating to fixed assets is capitalized only if such expenditure results in an increase in the future benefits from such asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.

Fixed assets acquired and put to use for project purpose are capitalized and depreciation thereon is included in the project cost till commissioning of the project.

The Company revalued all its fixed assets that existed on 1 April, 1996. The revalued assets are carried at the revalued amounts less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Increase in the net book value on such revaluation is credited to "Revaluation reserve account" except to the extent such increase is related to and not greater than a decrease arising from a revaluation / impairment that was previously recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss, in which case such amount is credited to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Decrease in book value on revaluation is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss except where such decrease relates to a previously recognized increase that was credited to the Revaluation reserve, in which case the decrease is charged to the Revaluation reserve to the extent the reserve has not been subsequently reversed / utilized.

Capital work-in-progress:

Projects under which assets are not ready for their intended use and other capital work-in-progress are carried at cost, comprising direct cost, related incidental expenses and attributable interest.

2.10 Foreign currency transactions and translations Initial recognition:

Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company and its integral foreign operations are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction or at rates that closely approximate the rate at the date of the transaction.

Measurement of foreign currency monetary items at the Balance Sheet date:

Foreign currency monetary items (other than derivative contracts) of the Company and its net investment in non-integral foreign operations outstanding at the Balance Sheet date are restated at the year-end rates.

In the case of integral operations, assets and liabilities (other than non-monetary items), are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the Balance Sheet date. Non-monetary items are carried at historical cost. Revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Exchange differences arising out of these translations are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Treatment of exchange differences

Exchange differences arising on settlement / restatement of short-term foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities of the Company and its integral foreign operations are recognized as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The exchange differences on restatement / settlement of loans to non-integral foreign operations that are considered as net investment in such operations are accumulated in a ""Foreign currency translation reserve"" until disposal / recovery of the net investment.

The exchange differences arising on restatement / settlement of long-term foreign currency monetary items are capitalized as part of the depreciable fixed assets to which the monetary item relates and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets or amortized on settlement / over the maturity period of such items if such items do not relate to acquisition of depreciable fixed assets. The unamortized balance is carried in the Balance Sheet as "Foreign currency monetary item translation difference account" net of the tax effect thereon.

2.11 Investments

Long-term investments (excluding investment properties), are carried individually at cost less provision for diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investments. Current investments are carried individually, at the lower of cost and fair value. Cost of investments include acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties.

Investment properties are carried individually at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Investment properties are capitalized and depreciated (where applicable) in accordance with the policy stated for Tangible Fixed Assets. Impairment of investment property is determined in accordance with the policy stated for Impairment of Assets.

Market values of Vallabh Glass Works( 4,000 Shares at Book value Rs. 10 each ) are not available as shares are not listed on security market. Hence in the absence of fair market values on balance sheet dates, cost of investment is considered as market value.

2.12 Employee benefits

Employee benefits include provident fund, superannuation fund, gratuity and performance bonus. Defined contribution plans

The Company''s contribution to provident fund and superannuation fund are considered as defined contribution plans and are charged as an expense as they fall due based on the amount of contribution required to be made.

Defined benefit plans

The Company does not have Gratuity Fund System; however, Liability towards gratuity has been accounted and provided as per Actuarial Report under AS 15 and Bonus to staff are accounted on cash basis or provided at the time of retirement.

2.13 Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs include interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost. Costs in connection with the borrowing of funds to the extent not directly related to the acquisition of qualifying assets are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the tenure of the loan. Borrowing costs, allocated to and utilized for qualifying assets, pertaining to the period from commencement of activities relating to construction / development of the qualifying asset up to the date of capitalization of such asset is added to the cost of the assets. Capitalization of borrowing costs is suspended and charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during extended periods when active development activity on the qualifying assets is interrupted.

2.14 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit / (loss) after tax (including the post tax effect of extraordinary items, if any) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. For the purpose of calculating the diluted earnings per share, the net profit / (loss) for the period attributable to the equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares. Potential equity shares are deemed to be dilutive only if their conversion to equity shares would decrease the net profit per share from continuing ordinary operations.

2.15 Taxes on income

"Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax. Accordingly, MAT is recognized as an asset in the Balance Sheet when it is probable that future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company.

Deferred tax is recognized on timing differences, being the differences between the taxable income and the accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantially enacted as at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all timing differences. Deferred tax assets in respect of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses are recognized only if there is virtual certainty that there will be sufficient future taxable income available to realize such assets. Deferred tax assets are recognized for timing differences of other items only to the extent that reasonable certainty exists that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these can be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing tax laws and the Company has a legally enforceable right for such set off. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date for their reliability.

Current and deferred tax relating to items directly recognized in equity is recognized in equity and not in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.16 Research and development expenses

Revenue expenditure pertaining to research is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Development costs of products are also charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss unless a product''s technological feasibility has been established, in which case such expenditure is capitalized. The amount capitalized comprises expenditure that can be directly attributed or allocated on a reasonable and consistent basis to creating, producing and making the asset ready for its intended use. Fixed assets utilized for research and development are capitalized and depreciated in accordance with the policies stated for Tangible Fixed Assets and Intangible Assets.

2.17 Provisions and contingencies

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.


Mar 31, 2015

1.1 Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (Indian GAAP) to comply with the Accounting standards notified under the companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 ( as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act,2013.

The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis under the historical cost convention except for categories of fixed assets acquired before 1 April, 1996, that are carried at revalued amounts. The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees rounded off to the nearest rupees ignoring the Paise.

1.2 Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) and the reported income and expenses during the year. The Management believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could differ due to these estimates and the differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognised in the periods in which the results are known / materialised.

1.3 Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (on FIFO basis) and the net realisable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes all charges in bringing the goods to the point of sale, including octroi and other levies, transit insurance and receiving charges. Work-in-progress and finished goods include appropriate proportion of overheads and, where applicable, excise duty.

1.4 Cash and cash equivalents (for purposes of Cash Flow Statement)

Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

1.5 Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit / (loss) before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments.The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated based on the available information.

1.6 Depreciation and amortization

Depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset, or the amount substituted for cost,less its estimated residual value.

Depreciation has been provided on Straight Line method on estimated life of block of assets . Depreciation is not calculated on individual Fixed Assets as details of item wise Fixed assets including cost, useful life etc, are not available with the company.

1.7 Revenue recognition Sale of goods

Sales are recognised, net of returns and trade discounts, on transfer of significant risks and rewards of ownership to the customer, which generally coincides with the delivery of goods to customers.

1.8 Other income

Interest income is accounted on accrual basis. Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive it is established.

1.9 Tangible fixed assets

Fixed assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. The cost of fixed assets includes interest on borrowings attributable to acquisition of qualifying fixed assets up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use and other incidental expenses incurred up to that date. Exchange differences arising on restatement / settlement of long-term foreign currency borrowings relating to acquisition of depreciable fixed assets are adjusted to the cost of the respective assets and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets. Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with an item of fixed asset and whose use is expected to be irregular are capitalised and depreciated over the useful life of the principal item of the relevant assets. Subsequent expenditure relating to fixed assets is capitalised only if such expenditure results in an increase in the future benefits from such asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.

Fixed assets acquired and put to use for project purpose are capitalised and depreciation thereon is included in the project cost till commissioning of the project.

The Company revalued all its fixed assets that existed on 1 April, 1996. The revalued assets are carried at the revalued amounts less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Increase in the net book value on such revaluation is credited to "Revaluation reserve account" except to the extent such increase is related to and not greater than a decrease arising from a revaluation / impairment that was previously recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, in which case such amount is credited to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Decrease in book value on revaluation is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss except where such decrease relates to a previously recognised increase that was credited to the Revaluation reserve, in which case the decrease is charged to the Revaluation reserve to the extent the reserve has not been subsequently reversed / utilised.

Capital work-in-progress:

Projects under which assets are not ready for their intended use and other capital work-in-progress are carried at cost, comprising direct cost, related incidental expenses and attributable interest.

1.10 Foreign currency transactions and translation

Initial recognition:

Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company and its integral foreign operations are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction or at rates that closely approximate the rate at the date of the transaction.

Measurement of foreign currency monetary items at the Balance Sheet date:

Foreign currency monetary items (other than derivative contracts) of the Company and its net investment in non-integral foreign operations outstanding at the Balance Sheet date are restated at the year-end rates.

In the case of integral operations, assets and liabilities (other than non-monetary items), are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the Balance Sheet date. Non-monetary items are carried at historical cost. Revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Exchange differences arising out of these translations are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Treatment of exchange differences

Exchange differences arising on settlement / restatement of short-term foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities of the Company and its integral foreign operations are recognized as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The exchange differences on restatement / settlement of loans to non-integral foreign operations that are considered as net investment in such operations are accumulated in a ""Foreign currency translation reserve"" until disposal / recovery of the net investment.

The exchange differences arising on restatement / settlement of long-term foreign currency monetary items are capitalized as part of the depreciable fixed assets to which the monetary item relates and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets or amortized on settlement / over the maturity period of such items if such items do not relate to acquisition of depreciable fixed assets. The unamortized balance is carried in the Balance Sheet as "Foreign currency monetary item translation difference account" net of the tax effect thereon.

1.11 Investments

Long-term investments (excluding investment properties), are carried individually at cost less provision for diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investments. Current investments are carried individually, at the lower of cost and fair value. Cost of investments includes acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties.

Investment properties are carried individually at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Investment properties are capitalised and depreciated (where applicable) in accordance with the policy stated for Tangible Fixed Assets. Impairment of investment property is determined in accordance with the policy stated for Impairment of Assets.

Market values of Vallabh Glass Works (4,000 Shares at Book value Rs. 10 each) are not available as shares are not listed on security market. Hence in the absence of fair market values on balance sheet dates, cost of investment is considered as market value.

1.12 Employee benefits

Employee benefits include provident fund, superannuation fund, gratuity and performance bonus.

Defined contribution plans

The Company's contribution to provident fund and superannuation fund are considered as defined contribution plans and are charged as an expense as they fall due based on the amount of contribution required to be made.


Mar 31, 2014

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (Indian GAAP) to comply with the Accounting standards notified under the companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 ( as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act,2013. The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis under the historical cost convention except for categories of fixed assets acquired before 1 April, 1996, that are carried at revalued amounts. The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statement are consistent with those followed in the previous years.

2.2 Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) and the reported income and expenses during the year. The Management believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could differ due to these estimates and the differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognised in the periods in which the results are known / materialise.

2.3 Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (on FIFO basis) and the net realisable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes all charges in bringing the goods to the point of sale, including octroi and other levies, transit insurance and receiving charges. Work-in-progress and finished goods include appropriate proportion of overheads and, where applicable, excise duty.

2.4 Cash and cash equivalents (for purposes of Cash Flow Statement)

Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

2.5 Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit / (loss) before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated based on the available information.

2.6 Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation has been provided on the straight-line method as per the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

Leasehold land is amortised over the duration of the lease

Assets costing less than Rs.5,000 each are fully depreciated in the year of capitalization

2.7 Revenue recognition

Sale of goods

Sales are recognised, net of returns and trade discounts, on transfer of significant risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer, which generally coincides with the delivery of goods to customers. Sales include excise duty but exclude sales tax and value added tax.

2.8 Other income

Interest income is accounted on accrual basis. Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive it is established.

2.9 Tangible fixed assets

Fixed assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. The cost of fixed assets includes interest on borrowings attributable to acquisition of qualifying fixed assets up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use and other incidental expenses incurred up to that date. Exchange differences arising on restatement / settlement of long-term foreign currency borrowings relating to acquisition of depreciable fixed assets are adjusted to the cost of the respective assets and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets. Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with an item of fixed asset and whose use is expected to be irregular are capitalised and depreciated over the useful life of the principal item of the relevant assets. Subsequent expenditure relating to fixed assets is capitalised only if such expenditure results in an increase in the future benefits from such asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.

Fixed assets acquired and put to use for project purpose are capitalised and depreciation thereon is included in the project cost till commissioning of the project.

The Company revalued all its fixed assets that existed on 1 April, 1996. The revalued assets are carried at the revalued amounts less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Increase in the net book value on such revaluation is credited to "Revaluation reserve account" except to the extent such increase is related to and not greater than a decrease arising from a revaluation / impairment that was previously recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, in which case such amount is credited to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Decrease in book value on revaluation is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss except where such decrease relates to a previously recognised increase that was credited to the Revaluation reserve, in which case the decrease is charged to the Revaluation reserve to the extent the reserve has not been subsequently reversed / utilised.

Capital work-in-progress:

Projects under which assets are not ready for their intended use and other capital work-in-progress are carried at cost, comprising direct cost, related incidental expenses and attributable interest.

2.10 Foreign currency transactions and translations

Initial recognition:

Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company and its integral foreign operations are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction or at rates that closely approximate the rate at the date of the transaction.

Measurement of foreign currency monetary items at the Balance Sheet date:

Foreign currency monetary items (other than derivative contracts) of the Company and its net investment in non-integral foreign operations outstanding at the Balance Sheet date are restated at the year-end rates.

In the case of integral operations, assets and liabilities (other than non-monetary items), are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the Balance Sheet date. Non-monetary items are carried at historical cost. Revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Exchange differences arising out of these translations are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Treatment of exchange differences

Exchange differences arising on settlement / restatement of short-term foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities of the Company and its integral foreign operations are recognised as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The exchange differences on restatement / settlement of loans to non-integral foreign operations that are considered as net investment in such operations are accumulated in a ""Foreign currency translation reserve"" until disposal / recovery of the net investment.

The exchange differences arising on restatement / settlement of long-term foreign currency monetary items are capitalised as part of the depreciable fixed assets to which the monetary item relates and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets or amortised on settlement / over the maturity period of such items if such items do not relate to acquisition of depreciable fixed assets. The unamortised balance is carried in the Balance Sheet as "Foreign currency monetary item translation difference account" net of the tax effect thereon.

2.11 Investments

Long-term investments (excluding investment properties), are carried individually at cost less provision for diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investments. Current investments are carried individually, at the lower of cost and fair value. Cost of investments include acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties.

Investment properties are carried individually at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Investment properties are capitalised and depreciated (where applicable) in accordance with the policy stated for Tangible Fixed Assets. Impairment of investment property is determined in accordance with the policy stated for Impairment of Assets.

Market values of Vallabh Glass Works( 4,000 Shares at Book value Rs. 10 each ) are not available as shares are not listed on security market. Hence in the absence of fair market values on balance sheet dates, cost of investment is considered as market value.


Mar 31, 2013

1.1 Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (Indian GAAP) to comply with the Accounting standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 ( as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis under the historical cost convention except for categories of fixed assets acquired before 1 April, 1996, that are carried at revalued amounts. The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statement are consistent with those followed in the previous years

1.2 Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) and the reported income and expenses during the year. The Management believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could differ due to these estimates and the differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognised in the periods in which the results are known / materialise.

1.3 Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (on FIFO basis) and the net realisable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes all charges in bringing the goods to the point of sale, including octroi and other levies, transit insurance and receiving charges. Work-in-progress and finished goods include appropriate proportion of overheads and, where applicable, excise duty.

1.4 Cash and cash equivalents (for purposes of Cash Flow Statement)

Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short- term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

1.5 Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit / (loss) before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated based on the available information.

1.6 Depreciation and amortisation

Depreciation has been provided on the straight-line method as per the rates prescribed in Schedule XlVtothe Companies Act, 1956.

Leasehold land is amortised over the duration of the lease Assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 each are fully depreciated in the year of capitalisation

1.7 Revenue recognition

Sale of goods

Sales are recognised, net of returns and trade discounts, on transfer of significant risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer, which generally coincides with the delivery of goods to customers. Sales include excise duty but exclude sales tax and value added tax.

1.8 Other income

Interest income is accounted on accrual basis. Dividend income is accounted forwhen the right to receive it is established.

1.9 Tangible fixed assets

Fixed assets, are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. The cost of fixed assets includes interest on borrowings attributable to acquisition of qualifying fixed assets up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use and other incidental expenses incurred up to that date. Exchange differences arising on restatement / settlement of long-term foreign currency borrowings relating to acquisition of depreciable fixed assets are adjusted to the cost of the respective assets and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets. Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with an item of fixed asset and whose use is expected to be irregular are capitalised and depreciated over the useful life of the principal item of the relevant assets. Subsequent expenditure relating to fixed assets is capitalised only if such expenditure results in an increase in the future benefits from such asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.

Fixed assets acquired and put to use for project purpose are capitalised and depreciation thereon is included in the project cost till commissioning of the project.

The Company revalued ail its fixed assets that existed on 1 April, 1996. The revalued assets are carried at the revalued amounts less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Increase in the net book value on such revaluation is credited to "Revaluation reserve account" except to the extent such increase is related to and not greater than a decrease arising from a revaluation / impairment that was previously recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, in which case such amount is credited to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Decrease in book value on revaluation is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss except where such decrease relates to a previously recognised increase that was credited to the Revaluation reserve, in which case the decrease is charged to the Revaluation reserve to the extent the reserve has not been subsequently reversed / utilised.

1.10 Foreign currency transactions and translations

Initial recognition

Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company and its integral foreign operations are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction or at rates that closely approximate the rate at the date of the transaction.

Measurement of foreign currency monetary items at the Balance Sheet date

Foreign currency monetary items (other than derivative contracts) of the Company and its net investment in non-integral foreign operations outstanding at the Balance Sheet date are restated at the year-end rates.

In the case of integral operations, assets and liabilities (other than non-monetary items), are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the Balance Sheet date. Non-monetary items are carried at historical cost. Revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Exchange differences arising out of these translations are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Treatment of exchange differences

Exchange differences arising on settlement / restatement of short-term foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities of the Company and its integral foreign operations are recognised as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The exchange differences on restatement / settlement of loans to non-integral foreign operations that are considered as net investment in such operations are accumulated in a "Foreign currency translation reserve" until disposal / recovery of the net investment.

The exchange differences arising on restatement / settlement of long-term foreign currency monetary items are capitalised as part of the depreciable fixed assets to which the monetary item relates and depreciated over the remaining useful life of such assets or amortised on settlement/ over the maturity period of such items if such items do not relate to acquisition of depreciable fixed assets. The unamortised balance is carried in the Balance Sheet as "Foreign currency monetary item translation difference account" net of the tax effect thereon.

1.11 Investments

Long-term investments (excluding investment properties), are carried individually at cost less provision for diminution, otherthan temporary, in the value of such investments. Current investments are carried individually, at the lower of cost and fair value. Cost of investments include acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties.

Investment properties are carried individually at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Investment properties are capitalised and depreciated (where applicable) in accordance with the policy stated for Tangible Fixed Assets. Impairment of investment property is determined in accordance with the policy stated for Impairment of Assets.

1.12 Employee benefits

Employee benefits include provident fund,, gratuity, and performance bonus.

Defined contribution plans

The Company''s contribution to provident fund is considered as defined contribution plans and are charged as an expense as they fall due based on the amount of contribution required to be made.

Defined benefit plans

The Company does not have Gratuity Fund System; however, Gratuity and Bonus to staff are accounted on cash basis or provided at the time of retirement.

1.13 Employee share based payments NOT APPLICABLE

1.14 Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs include interest, amortisation of ancillary costs incurred and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost. Costs in connection with the borrowing of funds to the extent not directly related to the acquisition of qualifying assets are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the tenure of the loan. Borrowing costs, allocated to and utilised for qualifying assets, pertaining to the period from commencement of activities relating to construction / development of the qualifying asset upto the date of capitalisation of such asset is added to the cost of the assets. Capitalisation of borrowing costs is suspended and charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during extended periods when active development activity on the qualifying assets is interrupted.

1.15 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit / (loss) after tax (including the post tax effect of extraordinary items, if any) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit / (loss) after tax (including the post tax effect of extraordinary items, if any) as adjusted for dividend, interest and other charges to expense or income relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Potential equity shares are deemed to be dilutive only if their conversion to equity shares would decrease the net profit per share from continuing ordinary operations. Potential dilutive equity shares are deemed to be converted as at the beginning of the period, unless they have been issued at a later date. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the shares been actually issued at fair value (i.e. average market value of the outstanding shares). Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented. The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted for share splits / reverse share splits and bonus shares, as appropriate.

1.16 Taxes on income

Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the provisions of the Income TaxAct, 1961. ,

Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as an asset in the Balance Sheet when it is probable that future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company.

Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences, being the differences between the taxable income and the accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantially enacted as at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all timing differences. Deferred tax assets in respect of unabsorbed depreciation and carryforward of losses are recognised only if there is virtual certainty that there will be sufficient future taxable income available to realise such assets. Deferred tax assets are recognised for timing differences of other items only to the extent that reasonable certainty exists that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these can be realised. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing tax laws and the Company has a legally enforceable right for such set off. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date for their realisability.

Current and deferred tax relating to items directly recognised in equity are recognised in equity and not in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.17 Research and development expenses

Revenue expenditure pertaining to research is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Development costs of products are also charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss unless a product''s technological feasibility has been established, in which case such expenditure is capitalised. The amount capitalised comprises expenditure that can be directly attributed or allocated on a reasonable and consistent basis to creating, producing and making the asset ready for its intended use. Fixed assets utilised for research and development are capitalised and depreciated in accordance with the policies stated forTangible Fixed Assets and Intangible Assets.

1.18 Provisions and contingencies

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent liabilities are disclosed in the Notes.

1.19 Hedge accounting

The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations relating to highly probable forecast transactions. The Company designates such forward contracts in a cash flow hedging relationship by applying the hedge accounting principles set out in "Accounting Standard 30 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement". These forward contracts are stated at fair value at each reporting date. Changes in the fair value of these forward contracts that are designated and effective as hedges of future cash flows are recognised directly in "Hedging reserve account" under Reserves and surplus, net of applicable deferred income taxes and the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Amounts accumulated in the "Hedging reserve account" are reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the same periods during which the forecasted transaction affects profit and loss. Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. For forecasted transactions, any cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument recognised in "Hedging reserve account" is retained until the forecasted transaction occurs. If the forecasted transaction is no longer expected to occur, the net Cumulative gain or loss recognised in "Hedging reserve account" is immediately transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.20 insurance claims

Insurance claims are accounted for on the basis of claims admitted / expected to be admitted and to the extent that there is no uncertainty in receiving the claims.

1.21 Service tax input credit

Service tax input credit is accounted for in the books in the period in which the underlying service received is accounted and when there is no uncertainty in availing / utilising the credits.


Mar 31, 2011

A. Accounting Policies:

I) The Company follows the Mercantile System of Accounting and recognizes Income and Expenditure on accrual basis. However, Gratuity and Bonus to staff are accounted on cash basis or provided at the time of retirement.

The accounts are prepared on historical cost basis, and as a going concern. Accounting Policies not referred to otherwise are consistent with generally accepted accounting principles.

ii) Fixed Assets are stated at their revalued cost less Depreciation actually provided for.

iii) Stock of finished goods is valued at tower of cost and net realizable value. Stock of Raw Materials and Stock-in-praxes are valued at lower of actual or market price.

iv) Depreciation charged in the accounts s on the basis of written down value method.

v) Contingent Liabilities are not provided for and are disclosed by way of notes.

B. Research & Development:

During the year, the Company has incurred Rs. 9,43,138/- (previous year Rs.7,00,313/-) of expenditure on Research & Development.

C. Contingent Liabilities:

1) Bills discounted with Banks -Rs.86,09,043/-( Previous Year - Rs. 90,22,128/-)

2) The Company has filed two suits against Modi,6on Ltd., for unlawful termination of agreement for a sum aggregating to Rs.3,26^0,748/-. The said Company has made counter claim for Rs.4,76,30.582.68. The case is pending before the Court -.


Mar 31, 2010

I) The Company follows the Mercantile System of Accounting and recognises Income and Expenditure on accrual basis. However, Gratuity and Bonus to staff are accounted on cash basis or provided at the time of retirement.

The accounts are prepared on historical cost basis, and as a going concern. Accounting Policies not referred to otherwise are consistent with generally accepted accounting principles.

ii) Fixed Assets are stated at their revalued cost less Depreciation actually provided for.

iii) Stock of finished goods is valued at lower of cost and net realisable value.

Stock of Raw Materials and Stock-in-process are valued at lower of actual or market price. The cost is worked out on FIFO Basis.

iv) Depreciation charged in the accounts is on the basis of written down value method.

v) Contingent Liabilities are not provided for and are disclosed by way of notes.

B. Research & Development:

During the year, the Company has incurred Rs. 7,00,313/- (previous year Rs. 5,90,742/-) of expenditure on Research & Development.

C. Contingent Liabilities:

1) Bills discounted with Banks - Rs.90,22,128 ( Previous Year - Rs. NIL)

2) The Company has filed two suits against Modipon Ltd., for unlawful termination of agreement for a sum aggregating to Rs.3,26,60,748/-. The said Company has made counter claim for Rs.4,76,30,582.68. The case is pending before the Court.

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