Accounting Policies of Rana Sugars Ltd. Company
Mar 31, 2023
1. Corporate Information
Rana Sugars Limited (The Company) is a public limited company domiciled in India. Its shares are listed on two recognized stock exchanges in India i.e., BSE & NSE. The registered office of the company is located at S.C.O. 49-50 Sector 8 - C Chandigarh. The CIN of the Company is L15322CH1991PLC011537
The Company is having its operations in the State of Punjab and Uttar Pradesh and is principally engaged in the manufacturing of Sugar, Ethanol and co-generation of power. Power is used captively as well as exported to the State Grids of Punjab and Uttar Pradesh respectively.
The financial statements were authorized for issue in accordance with a resolution by the Board of Directors of the Company on May 30, 2023.
2. Significant Accounting Policies2.1 Statement of Compliance
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (referred to as "Ind ASâ) as prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as amended from time to time.
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value:
a. Plan assets under defined benefit plans.
b. Certain financial assets and liabilities.
Historical cost is generally based on fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
The financial information is presented in Indian Rupees (INR) and all values are rounded to the nearest lakhs, expect where otherwise indicated.
2.3 Use of estimates and judgments
The preparation of the Company''s financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could results in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of the asset or liability affected in future periods.
Judgments
In the process of applying the Company''s accounting policies, management has made the following judgments, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements.
Estimates and assumptions
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.
Uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation of complex tax regulations, changes in tax laws, and the amount and timing of future taxable income. Given the wide range of business relationships and the long term nature and complexity of existing contractual agreements, differences arising between the actual results and the assumptions made, or future changes to such assumptions, could necessitate future adjustments to tax income and expense already recorded. The Company establishes provisions, based on reasonable estimates. The amount of such provisions is based on various factors, such as experience of previous tax audits and differing interpretations of tax regulations by the taxable entity and the responsible tax authority. Such differences of interpretation may arise on a wide variety of issues depending on the conditions prevailing in the respective domicile of the companies.
b. Defined benefit plans
The cost of defined benefit plans (i.e. Gratuity benefit) is determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions which may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases, mortality rates and future pension increases. Due to the complexity of the valuation, the underlying assumptions and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date. In determining the appropriate discount rate, management considers the interest rates of long term government bonds with extrapolated maturity corresponding to the expected duration of the defined benefit obligation. The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables for the specific countries. Future salary increases and pension increases are based on expected future inflation rates.
c. Fair value measurement of financial instrument
When the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.
d. Useful lives of PPE:
The Company reviews the useful life of PPE at the end of each reporting period. This reassessment may result in change in depreciation expense in future periods.
2.4 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:
2.4.1 Property, Plant & Equipment (PPE):
Property, Plant and equipment including capital work in progress are initially measured at cost. The Company has chosen to adopt cost model for subsequent measurement after initial recognition i.e. cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises of purchase price, taxes, duties, freight and other incidental expenses directly attributable and related to acquisition and installation of the concerned assets and are further adjusted by the amount of GST credit availed wherever applicable. Cost includes borrowing cost for long term construction projects if recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their respective useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.
The company identifies and determines cost of each component/ part of the asset separately, if the component/ part has a cost which is significant to the total cost of the asset and has useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining asset.
Capital work- in- progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment under installation / under development as at the balance sheet date.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
In respect of others assets, depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis using the rates arrived at based on the useful lives estimated by the management and in the manner prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act 2013. The useful life is as follows:
|
Sr. No. |
Nature of Asset |
Useful Life (Years) |
|
1. |
Buildings |
30 |
|
2. |
Plant & Machinery |
25 |
|
3. |
Other Equipments |
3 to 5 |
|
4. |
Vehicles |
8 |
|
5. |
Furniture/ Fittings |
10 |
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the income statement when the asset is derecognized.
2.4.2 Current versus Non-Current Classification:
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
¦ Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle;
¦ Held primarily for the purpose of trading;
¦ Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or
¦ Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
¦ It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle;
¦ It is held primarily for the purpose of trading;
¦ It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
¦ There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporti ng period
The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents. The company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
2.4.3 Non-current assets held for sale
Recognised Non-current assets (or disposal groups) are classified as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use.
Non-current assets (or disposal groups) classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less cost to sell. Any impairment loss on initial classification and subsequent measurement is recognised as an expense. Any subsequent increase in fair value less costs to sell (not exceeding the accumulated impairment loss that has been previously recognised) is recognised in profit or loss.
Non-current assets classified as held for sale are presented separately from other assets in the balance sheet. The non-current assets after being classified as held for sale are not depreciated or amortized.
Non-current assets (or disposal groups) that ceases to be classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of its carrying amount before the asset (or disposal group) was classified as held for sale adjusted for any depreciation, amortization or revaluations that would have been recognised had the asset (or disposal group) not been classified as held for sale and its recoverable amount at the date of subsequent decision not to sell. Any adjustment to the carrying amount of the non-current asset that ceases to be classified as held for sale is charged to Statement of Profit or loss in the year in which there is a change in plan to sell the asset.
Investment Properties is a property (land or a building- or a part of a building- or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee as a right-of-use asset) to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both, rather than for:
a) Use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes, or
b) sale in the ordinary course of business.
Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. The Company transfers a property to, or from, investment property when, and only when, there is a change in use and the property meets or ceases to meets the definition of investment property and there is an evidence of the change in use.
Investment properties are derecognized either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in profit or loss in the period of derecognition.
2.4.5 Taxes:2.4.5.1 Current Income Tax:
Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961 (as amended) and Income Computation and Disclosure Standards (ICDS) enacted in India by using the tax rates and tax laws that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date in India where the Company operates and generates taxable income.
Current income tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction relating to OCI & Equity either in OCI (Other Comprehensive Income) or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except:
¦ When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss;
Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized, except:
¦ When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax assets to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction related to OCI & Equity either in OCI or directly in equity.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
Goods & Service Tax (GST) on acquisition of assets or on incurring expenses:
Expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount of GST paid, except:
¦ When the tax incurred on a purchase of assets or services is not recoverable from the taxation authority, in which case, the tax paid is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense item, as applicable
¦ When receivables and payables are stated with the amount of tax included
The net amount of tax recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of other current assets or other current liabilities in the balance sheet.
Inventories (other than by-products) are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value.
Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and conditions are accounted for as follows:
¦ Raw materials/ Stores & Spares: cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.
¦ Traded goods: cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.
¦ By-products and scraps are valued at net realizable value.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
2.4.7 Investments in Associates
The Company''s investments in its associates are accounted for using the equity method. Under the equity method, the investment in associates is initially recognised at cost. The carrying amount of the investment is adjusted to recognise changes in the Company''s share of net assets of the associate since the acquisition date. If the Company''s share of the net fair value of the investee''s identifiable assets and liabilities exceeds the cost of the investment, any excess is recognised directly in Equity as capital reserve in the period in which the investment is acquired. Goodwill, if any, relating to the associate is included in the carrying amount of the investment and is not tested for impairment.
a. Purchased Intangible assets are measured at cost as at the date of acquisition, less accumulated amortization and impairment losses if any.
For this purpose, cost includes deemed cost on the date of transition and acquisition price, license fees, nonrefundable taxes and costs of implementation/system integration services and any directly attributable expenses, wherever applicable for bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.
b. Amortization methods, estimated useful lives and residual value
Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis (without keeping any residual value) over its estimated useful lives of five years from the date they are available for use.
The estimated useful lives, residual values and amortization method are reviewed at the end of each financial year and are given effect to, wherever appropriate.
c. The cost and related accumulated amortization are eliminated from the financial statements upon sale or retirement of the asset and the resultant gains or losses are recognized in the statement of profit and loss
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
The Company classified its financial assets in the following measurement categories:
¦ Those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income or through profit & loss)
¦ Those measured at amortized cost Initial recognition and measurement:
All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognized on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.
Subsequent measurement:
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in following categories:
¦ Debt instruments at amortized cost
A. ''debt instrument'' is measured at the amortized cost if both the following conditions are met:
a. Business model test: The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows (rather than to sell the instrument prior to its contractual maturity to realise its fair value changes), and
b. Cash flow characteristics test: Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.
This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate to the gross carrying amount of financial assets. When calculating the effective interest rate the Company estimates the expected cash flow by considering all contractual terms of the financial instruments. The EIR amortization is included in finance income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the profit or loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.
¦ Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
FVTPL is a residual category for financial instruments. Any financial instrument, which does not meet the criteria for amortized cost or FVTOCI (Fair value through Other Comprehensive Income), is classified as at FVTPL. A gain or loss on a Debt instrument that is subsequently measured at FVTPL and is not a part of a hedging relationship is recognized in statement of profit or loss and presented net in the statement of profit and loss within other gains or losses in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these Debt instruments is included in other income.
Derecognition:
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognized (i.e., removed from the Company''s statement of financial position) when:
a. the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
b. the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a "pass through" arrangement and either;
i. the Company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets or
ii. the Company has retained the contractual right to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients.
Where the Company has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the ownership of the financial assets. In such cases, the financial asset is derecognized. Where the entity has not transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the ownership of the financial assets, the financial asset is not derecognized.
Where the Company has neither transferred a financial asset nor retains substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is derecognized if the Company has not retained control of the financial asset. Where the Company retains control of the financial asset, the asset is continued to be recognized to the extent of continuing involvement in the financial asset.
Impairment of financial assets:
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit losses (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial asset and credit risk exposure.
Financial assets measured at amortised cost e.g. Loans, security deposits, trade receivable, bank balance.
The Company follows "simplified approachâ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables. Under the simplified approach, the Company does not track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. The Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on the portfolio of trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of trade receivable and is adjusted for forward looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward looking estimates are analyzed.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the Company reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12- months ECL.
As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on portfolio of trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed.
Reclassification of financial assets:
The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company''s senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company''s operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognized gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.
Initial recognition and measurement:
Financial liabilities are classified at initial recognition as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Company financial liabilities include loans and borrowings including bank overdraft, trade payable, trade deposits and other payables.
Subsequent measurement:
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Trade Payables:
These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid. The amounts are unsecured and are usually paid within 0-180 days of recognition. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using EIR method.
Financial Liabilities at fair value through profit & loss:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in IND AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk is recognised in OCI. These gains/ losses are not subsequently transferred to profit and loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit or loss.
Loans & Borrowings:
Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction cost incurred. After initial recognition, interestbearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR (Effective Interest Rate) method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortization process. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Offsetting of financial instruments:
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
2.4.10 Cash & Cash Equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks; cash in hand, other short term deposits with original maturities of three months or less which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
2.4.11 Mandatorily Redeemable Preference Shares:
A mandatorily redeemable preference shares with dividends paid at the issuer''s discretion, which effectively comprises: a financial liability (the issuer''s obligation to redeem the shares in cash); and an equity instrument (the holder''s right to receive dividends if declared). Such preference shares are separated into liability and equity components based on the terms of the contract.
On issuance of the mandatorily redeemable preference shares with dividends declared at the issuer''s discretion, the present value of the redeemable amount is calculated using a market rate for an equivalent non-convertible instrument. This amount is classified as a financial liability measured at amortised cost (net of transaction costs) until it is extinguished on redemption. The unwinding of the discount on this component is recognised in profit or loss and classified as interest expense.
The remainder of the proceeds is recognised and included in equity as per Ind AS 32. Transaction costs are deducted from equity, net of associated income tax. The carrying amount of the equity component is not remeasured in subsequent years.
Transaction costs are apportioned between the liability and equity components of such preference shares based on the allocation of proceeds to the liability and equity components when the instruments are initially recognised.
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, Itis probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.
Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the best estimate.
Contingent Liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases, where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements unless the probability of outflow of resources is remote.
Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and commitments are reviewed at each balance sheet date.
2.4.13 Employee Benefits:2.4.13.1 Short term obligations:
Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognized in respect of employee''s service up to the end of reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligation in the balance sheet.
2.4.13.2 Other Long term employee benefit obligations:
The liabilities for earned leave are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. They are therefore measured based on the actuarial valuation using projected unit credit method at the year end. The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating to the term of the related obligation. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in profit or loss.
2.4.13.3 Post-employment obligations: The Company operates the following post-employment schemes:2.4.13.3.1 Defined benefit plans such as gratuity; and2.4.13.3.2 Defined contribution plans such as provident fund.
Gratuity Obligations:
Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. The Company has also made contribution to Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) and SBI Life Insurance Company Limited towards a policy to cover the gratuity liability of the employees to an extent. The difference between the actuarial valuation of the gratuity of employees at the year-end and the balance of funds with LIC is provided for as liability in the books.
Remeasurements, (refer note no. 28D) comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognized immediately in the Balance Sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.
Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit (liabilities/assets). The Company recognized the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation under employee benefit expenses in statement of profit and loss
i. Service cost comprising current service cost, past service cost, gain & loss on curtailments and non-routine settlements.
ii. Net interest expenses or income
The Company earns revenue primarily from sales of sugar, ethanol and power.
Revenue is recognised upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services.
Revenue is measured based on the transaction price, which is the consideration, adjusted for volume discounts, price concessions and incentives, if any, as specified in the contract with the customer. Revenue also excludes taxes collected from customers.
Contract assets are recognised when there is excess of revenue earned over billings on contracts.
Contract assets are classified as unbilled receivables (only act of invoicing is pending) when there is unconditional right to receive cash, and only passage of time is required, as per contractual terms.
Unearned and deferred revenue ("contract liabilityâ) is recognised when there is a billing in excess of revenues.
Contracts are subject to modification to account for changes in contract specification and requirements. The Company reviews modification to contract in conjunction with the original contract, basis which the transaction price could be allocated to a new performance obligation, or transaction price of an existing obligation could undergo a change. In the event transaction price is revised for existing obligation, a cumulative adjustment is accounted for.
For all debt instruments measured either at amortized cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortized cost of a financial liability. When calculating the effective interest rate, the company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses. Interest income is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss.
Use of significant judgments in revenue recognition
¦ The Company''s contracts with customers could include promises to transfer multiple products to a customer. The Company assesses the products promised in a contract and identifies distinct performance obligations in the contract. Identification of distinct performance obligation involves judgement to determine the deliverables and the ability of the customer to benefit independently from such deliverables.
¦ Judgement is also required to determine the transaction price for the contract. The transaction price could be either a fixed amount of customer consideration or variable consideration with elements such as volume discounts, price concessions and incentives. The transaction price is also adjusted for the effects of the time value of money if the contract includes a significant financing component. Any consideration payable to the customer is adjusted to the transaction price, unless it is a payment for a distinct product or service from the customer. The estimated amount of variable consideration is adjusted in the transaction price only to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur and is reassessed at the end of each reporting period. The Company allocates the elements of variable considerations to all the performance obligations of the contract unless there is observable evidence that they pertain to one or more distinct performance obligations
¦ The Company uses judgement to determine an appropriate standalone selling price for a performance obligation. The Group allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation on the basis of the relative stand-alone selling price of each distinct product promised in the contract. Where standalone selling price is not observable, the Company uses the expected cost plus margin approach to allocate the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation.
¦ The Company exercises judgement in determining whether the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time or over a period of time. The Company considers indicators such as who controls the asset as it is being created or existence of enforceable right to payment for performance to date and alternate use of such product, transfer of significant risks and rewards to the customer, acceptance of delivery by the customer, etc.
Company as a Lessee
The Company, as a lessee, recognises a right-of-use of asset and a lease liability for its leasing arrangements, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset. The contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, if it involves the use of an identified asset and the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset and has right to direct the use of the identified asset. The cost of the right-of-use asset shall comprise of the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date plus any initial direct costs incurred. The right-of-use assets is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses, if any and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability. The right-of-use asset is depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date over the shorter of lease term or useful life of right-of-use asset.
The Company measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date of the lease. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses incremental borrowing rate. For short-term and low value leases, the Company recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Company as a Lessor
Lease income from operating lease where the Company is a lessor is recognized in income or a straight line basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate the lessor for the expected inflationary cost increases. The respective leased assets are included in the balance sheet based on their respective nature.
Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables as the Company''s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.
The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
i. In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
ii. In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient date are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
a. Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
b. Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable
c. Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable
For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
The Company''s management determines the policies and procedures for both recurring and non-recurring fair value measurement, such as derivative instruments measured at fair value.
External valuers are involved for valuation of significant assets, such as properties and financial assets and significant liabilities. Involvement of external valuers is decided upon annually by the management. The management decided, after discussions with the Company''s external valuers which valuation techniques and inputs to use for each case.
At each reporting date, the management analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be remeasured or re-assessed as per the Company''s accounting policies.
The management in conjunction with the Company''s external valuers, also compares the change in the fair value of each asset and liability with relevant external sources to determine whether the change is reasonable.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
Borrowing cost includes interest expense as per effective interest rate [EIR]. Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset until such time that the asset are substantially ready for their intended use. Where funds are borrowed specifically to finance a project, the amount capitalized represents the actual borrowing incurred. Where surplus funds are available out of money borrowed specifically to finance project, the income generated from such current investments is deducted from the total capitalized borrowing cost. Where funds used to finance a project form part of general borrowings, the amount capitalized is calculated using a weighted average of rate applicable to relevant general borrowing of the Company during the year. Capitalisation of borrowing cost is suspended and charged to profit and loss during the extended periods when the active development on the qualifying project is interrupted. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
2.4.18 Impairment of Non-Financial Assets:
The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use.
Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.
In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.
The Company basis its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year. To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods covered by the most recent budgets/forecasts, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the products, industries, or country or countries in which the entity operates, or for the market in which the asset is used.
Impairment losses of operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation surplus taken to OCI. For such properties, the impairment is recognised in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation surplus.
After impairment depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining economic life.
An assessment is made in respect of assets at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or CGU''s recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the statement of profit or loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.
Government grants are recognized where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset. However, if any export obligation is attached to the grant related to an asset, it is recognized as income on the basis of accomplishment of the export obligation.
When the Company receives grants of non-monetary assets, the asset and the grant are recorded at fair value amounts and released to profit or loss over the expected useful life in a pattern of consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset i.e. by equal annual installments.
Basic and diluted earnings per Equity Share are computed in accordance with Indian Accounting Standard 33 ''Earnings per Share'', notified accounting standard by the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules of 2015 (as amended). Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss attributable to equity holder of company (after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes, if any) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Partly paid equity shares are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the extent that they are entitled to participate in dividends relative to a fully paid equity share during the reporting period. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a right issue, share split, and reverse share split (consolidation of shares) that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss; for the period attributable to equity shareholders of the company and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
Mar 31, 2018
1.1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:
1.1.1 Property- Plant & Equipment tPPE):
Under the Drevious GAAP (Indian GAAP), all assets were carried in the balance sheet at cost, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. On the date of transition to IND AS, the Company has applied exemptions of ind AS 101 to continue the carrying value of all property, plant and equipment as at the date of transition as its deemed cost.
Property Plant and equipment including capital work in progress are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises of purchase price, taxes, duties, freight and other.inc,dental and related to acquisition and installation of the concerned assets and are further adjusted by the amount of CENVAT^GST credit and VAT credit availed wherever applicable. Cost includes borrowing cost for long term construction projects if recognition criteriai are met When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their respective useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the income statement when the asset is derecognized.
The company identifies and determines cost of each component/ part of the asset separately, if the component/ part has a cost which is significant to the total cost of the asset and has useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining asset.
Capital work- in- progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment under installation / under development as at the balance sheet date.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
In respect of others assets, depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis using the rates arrived at based on thei useful lives estimated by the management and in the manner prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act 2013. The useful life is as follows.
1.1.2 Current versus Non Current Classification:
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non - current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
- Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle;
- Held primarily for the purpose of trading;
- Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when: â
- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle;
- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading;
- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents. The company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle,
1.1.3 Taxes:
1.1.3.1 Current Income Tax:
Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961 (as amended) and Income Computation and Disclosure Standards (ICDS) enacted in India by using the tax rates and tax laws that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date in India where the Company operates and generates taxable income.
Current income tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI (Other Comprehensive Income) or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
1.1.3.2 Deferred Tax:
Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except:
- When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss;
Deferred tax assets (including Mat credit, if any), are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred lax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised, except:
- When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax assets to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax relatinq to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authonty.
Deferred tax including Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only-to thethat there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during specified period, i.e. the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward- The Company reviews the âMAT credit entitlementâ asset at each reporting date and wrrtes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified penod.
Goods & Services Tax (GST)/ Sales/ Value Added Taxes (VAT) paid on acquisition of assets or on incurring expenses:
Expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount of GST/sales/ value added taxes paid, except:
- When the tax incurred on a purchase of assets or services is not recoverable from the taxation authority, in which case, the tax paid is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense item, as applicable
- When receivables and payables are stated with the amount of tax included
The net amount of tax recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of other current assets or other current liabilities in the balance sheet.
1.1.4 Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value.
Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows.
- Raw materials/ Stores & Snares: cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on first in, first out basis. y
- FinkhPri nnnris and work in progress: cost includes cost of direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on the normal operating capacity, but excluding borrowing costs. Cost is determined on first in, first out basis.
- Traded ooods: cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
1.1.5 A finandal instmmenUs any contract that gives rise to a financial assets of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
c. Financial Assets:
The Company classified its financial assets in the following measurement categories:
- Those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income or through profit & loss)
- Those measured at amortized cost Initial recognition and measurement:
All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial assets. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognized on the trade date i e the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.
Subsequent measurement:
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in following categories:
- Debt instruments at amortized cost
A âdebt instrumentâ is measured at the amortized cost if both the following conditions are met. a Business model test : The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows (rather than to sell the instrument prior to its contractual maturity to realised its fair value changes), and
b Cash flow characteristics test : Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.
This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such- financial assets are subsequently . measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method Amortized cost is calculat^bytaking any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or when a short period to the grorss carrying amount of financial assets a shorter penod, to the gross carrying amount of financial assets^ When calculating the effective interest rate the Company estimates the expected cash flow by considering all confactual terms; of the financial instruments. The EIR amortization is included in finance income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the profit or loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.
V Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
FVTPL is a residual category for financial instruments. Any financial instrument, which does not meet the criteria for cost or FVTOCI (Fair value through Other Comprehensive Income), is classified as at FVTPL. A gain or loss on a Debt instrument that is subsequently measured at FVTPL and is not a part of a hedging relationship is recognized in statement of profit or loss and presented net in the statement of profit and loss within other gams or losses in the period in which it anses.
Interest income from these Debt instruments is included in other income.
Derecognition:
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognized (i.e. removed from the Companyâs statement of financial position) when:
a. the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
b. the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a âpass throughâ arrangement and either,
I. the Company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets or
II. the Company has retained the contractual right to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients.
Where the Company has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all the^ risks; and rewards of the ownership of the financial assets. In such cases, the financial asset is derecognized^Where the entity has no transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the ownership of the financial assets, the financial asset is not derecognized.
Where the Company has neither transferred a financial asset nor retains substantially all risks and rewards of °wnf ship °f -he financial asset, the financial asset is derecognized if the Company has not retained control of the financial asset. Where the Company retains control of the financial asset, the asset is continued to be recognized to the extent of continuing involvement in the financial asset.
Impairment of financial assets:
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit losses (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial asset and credit risk exposure
Financial assets measured at amortised cost e.g. Loans, security deposits, trade receivable, bank balance.
The Company follows âsimplified approachâ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables^Under the simplified approach the Company does not track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. The Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss a lowance on the portfolio of trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of trade receivable and is adjusted for forward looking estimates. At every reporting date, the histoncal observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward looking estimates are analyzed.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to Provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in ^bsequen penod,^ instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the Company reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12- months ECL.
As a nractica! expedient the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on portfolio of trade receivables. The provision matrixTs based on Ks historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward- looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward- looking estimates are analysed.
Reclassification of financial assets:
The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. Afte,r initial recognition, ⢠rec^sificaton is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are eTpected to be infrequent. The Companyâs senior management determines change in the business model as a result of externa or internal chanqes which are significant to the Companyâs operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that ® significant ^ !âs °P^tl°ns ^ the ComDanv reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognized gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.
b. Financial Liabilities:
Initial recognition and measurement:
Financial liabilities are classified at initial recognition as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Company financial liabilities include loans and borrowings including bank overdraft, trade payable, trade deposits and other payables.
Subsequent measurement:
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below.
Trade Pavables:
These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid ^amountsare usually paid within 0-180 days of recognition. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using EIR method,
Financial Liabilities at fair vatue through profit & loss:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and 0SS( Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition and only if the criteria in IND AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/losses attnbutable to changes in own credit risk is recognised in OCI. These gains/ loss are not subsequently transferred to profit and loss. However he Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit or loss.
Loans & Borrowings:
Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction cost incurred. After initial recognition interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR (Effective Interest Rate) method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortization process. AmortisecI cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIK amortization is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.
Derecognition:
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or medication is treated as the derecognition of the original liability nd the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Offsetting of financial instruments:
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
1.1.6 Hash & Cash Eouivalents: .
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks, cash on hand, other short term deposits with original maturities of three months or less which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
1.1.7 Mandatorily Redeemable Preference Shares:
A mandatorily redeemable preference shares with dividends paid at the issuerâs discretion, which effectively comprises, a financial liability (the issuerâs obligation to redeem the shares in cash); and an equity instrument (the holderâs right to receive dividends if declared). Such preference shares are separated into liability and equity components based on the terms of the contract.
On issuance of the mandatorily redeemable preference shares with dividends declared at the issuerâs discretion, the present value iof the redeemable amount is calculated using a market rate for an equivalent non-convertible instrument. This amount is classified as a financial liability measured at amortised cost (net of transaction costs) until it is extinguished on redemption. The unwinding of the discount on this component is recognised in profit or loss and classified as interest expense.
The remainder of the proceeds is recognised and included in equity as per Ind AS 32. Transaction costs are deducted from equity, net of associated income tax. The carrying amount of the equity component is not remeasured in subsequent years.
Transaction costs are apportioned between the liability and equity components of such preference shares based on the allocation of proceeds to the liability and equity components when the instruments are initially recognised.
1.1.8 Provisions:
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.
Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the best estimate.
A continqent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases, where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably, the Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements unless the probability of outflow of resources is remote.
Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and commitments are reviewed at each balance sheet date.
1.1.9.1 Short term obligations:
Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognized in respect of employeeâs service up to the end of reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligation in the balance sheet,
1.1.9.2 Other Long term employee benefit obligations:
The liabilities for earned leave are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. They are therefore measured based on the actuarial valuation using projected unit credit method at the year end. The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating to the term of the related obligation Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in profit or loss.
1.1.9.3 Post-employment obligations; The Company operates the following post-employment schemes:
1.1 9.3.1 Defined benefit plans such as gratuity; and
1.1.9.3.2 Defined contribution plans such as provident fund.
Gratuity Obligations:
Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. The Company has also made contribution to Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) towards a policy to cover the gratuity liability of the employees to an extent. The difference between the actuarial valuation of the gratuity of employees at the year-end and the balance of funds with LIC is provided for as liability in the books.
Remeasurements, (refer note no. 28D) comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect oT the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognized immediately in the Balance Sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.
Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit (liabilities/assets). The Company recognized the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation under employee benefit expenses in statement of profit and loss
i. Service cost comprising current service cost, past service cost, gain & loss on curtailments and non routine settlements.
ii. Net interest expenses or income 2.2.10 Revenue Recognition:
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. The Company has concluded that it is the principal in all of its revenue arrangements since it is the pnmary obligor in all the revenue arrangements as it has pricing latitude and is also exposed to inventory and credit risks.
Based on the Educational Material on Ind AS 13 issued by the 1CAI, the Company has assumed that recovery of excise duty flow® to the company on its own account. This is for the reason that it is a liability of the manufacturer which forms part of the cost of production, irrespectiveâof whether the goods are sold or not. Since the recovery of excise duty flows to the company on its own account, revenue includes excise duty.
However sales tax/ Goods & Services Tax (GST)/ value added tax (VAT) is not received by the company on its own account. Rather, it is tax collected on value added to the commodity by the seller on behalf of the government. Accordingly, it is excluded from revenue.
The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognized.
ReJcnue^rol the sale of goods is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of the goods. Revenue from the sale of goods is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade discounts and volume rebates.
Interest income:
For all debt instruments measured either at amortized cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortized cost of a financial liability. When calculating the effective interest rate, the company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment, extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses, interest income is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss.
1.1.11 Leases
The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.
For arrangement entered into prior to April 01, 2016, the Company has determined whether the arrangement contain lease on the basis of facts and circumstances existing on the date of transition.
Atease il classified^! the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease.
Finance leases are capitalized at the commencement of the lease at the inception date at fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as lo achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognized in finance costs in the statement of profit and loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalized in accordance with the Companyâs general policy on the borrowing costs.
A |eaSed asset is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.
Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the payment are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the losses in expected inflationary cost increase.
1.1.12 Fair Value Measurement
The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
i. In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
ii. In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participantâs ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
a. Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
b. Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable
c. Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable
For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant lo the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
The Companyâs management determines the policies and procedures for both recurring and non-recurring fair value measurement, such as derivative instruments measured at fair value.
External valuers are involved for valuation of significant assets, such as properties and financial assets and significant liabilties^ Involvement of external valuers is decided upon annually by the management. The management decided, after discussions with the Companyâs external valuers which valuation techniques and inputs to use for each case.
At each reporting date, the management analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be remeasured or re-assessed as per the Companyâs accounting policies.
The management in conjuction with the Companyâs external valuers, also compares the change in the fair value of each asset and liability with relevant external sources to determine whether the change is reasonable.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
1.1.13 Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions
The preparation of the Companyâs financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of the asset or liability affected in future periods.
Judgements
In the process of applying the Companyâs accounting policies, management has made the following judgements, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements.
Operating /ease commitments - Company as lessee
The Company has taken various properties on leases. The Company has determined, based on an evaluation of the terms and conditions of the arrangements, such as the lease term not constituting a substantial portion of the economic life of the commercial property, and that it does not retain all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of these properties and accounts for the contracts as operating leases.
Estimates and assumptions
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a^nificant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.
a. Taxes
Uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation of complex tax regulations, changes in tax laws and the amount and timing of future taxable income Given the wide range of business relationships and the long term nature and complexity of existing contractual agreements, differences arising between the actual results and the assumptions made, or future changes to such assumptions, cou d necessitate future adjustments to tax income and expense already recorded. The Company establishes provisions, based on reasonable estimates The amount of such provisions is based on various factors, such as experience of previous tax audits and differing interpretations of tax regulations by the taxable entity and the responsible tax authority. Such differences of interpretation may arise on a wide variety of issues depending on the conditions prevailing in the respective domicile of the companies.
b. Defined benefit plans
The cost of defined benefit plans (i.e. Gratuity benefit) is determined using actuarial valuations^ actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions which may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discoun rate, future salary increases, mortality rates and future pension increases. Due to the complexity of the valuation the underlying assumptions and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed a.each reporting date. In determining the appropriate discount rate, management consider the interest rates of long âerm govemmer* bonds with extrapolated maturity corresponding to the expected duration of the defined benefit obligation. The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables for the specific countries. Future salary increases and pension increases are based on expected future inflation rates.
c. Fair value measurement of financial instrument
When the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) mode. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.
Borrowing costs includes interest expense as per effective interest rate [EIR], Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset until such time that the asset are substantially ready for their intended use. Where unds are borrowed specifically to finance a project, the amount capitalized represents the actual borrowing incurred. Where surplus funds are available out of money borrowed specifically to finance project, the income generated from such current investments is deducted f om the total capitalized borrowing cost. Where funds used to finance a project form part of general borrowings, the amount capi ahzed is calculated using a weighted average of rate applicable to relevant general borrowing of the Company during the year Capitalisation of borrowing cost is suspended and charged to profit and loss during the extended periods when the active development on he qualifying project is interrupted. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur, borrowing costs consist of interest ed other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
1.1.15 Impairment of Non Financial Assets:
The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the assetâs recoverable amount. An assetâs recoverable amount is the higher of an assetâs or cash-generating unitâs (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use.
Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.
In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.
The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Companyâs CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover_a period of five years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year. To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods covered by the most recent budgets/forecasts, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the products, industries, or country or countries in which the entity operates, or for the market in which the asset is used.
Impairment losses of operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation surplus taken to OCI. For such properties, the impairment is recognised in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation surplus.
After impairment depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining economic life.
An assessment is made in respect of assets at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised fmpaâ mennosles no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the assetâs or CGUâs referable amount A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine he assetâs recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the statement of profit or loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.
Government grants are recognized where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be receded _and all atta^ed condi^s will be complied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset. However if any export obligation is attached to the grant related to an asset, it is recognized as income on the basis of accomplishment of the export obligation.
When the Company receives grants of non-monetary assets, the asset and the grant are recorded at fair value amounts and released to profit or loss over the expected useful life in a pattern of consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset i.e. by equal annua! installments. V
Basic and diluted earnings per Equity Share are computed in accordance with Indian Accounting Standard 33 âEarnings per Share, notified accounting standard by the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules of 2015 (as amended). B®s,c ®®rnân^ calculated by dividing the net profit or loss attributable to equity holder of company (after deducing preference dividends and aUr butable taxes if any) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the penod. Partly paid equity shares are treateda a fraction of an equity share to the extent that they are entitled to participate in dividends relative to a fully paid equity share during the reporting period. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a rights issue, share split, and reverse share split (consolidation of shares) that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders onhe company and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the penod are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM).
The Board of Directors (BoD) of the Company has appointed a executive committee which assesses the financial performance and the position of the Company, and makes strategic decisions. The executive committee, which has been identified as being the CODM, consists of the Managing Director, Director and Chief Financial Officer for corporate planning.
Mar 31, 2016
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
1. Basis of Accounting
The company maintains its accounts on accrual basis following the historical cost conventions in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and in compliance with the Accounting Standards referred to in Section 129 read with Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013.
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that the management of the company makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of income and expenses of the year, the reported balances of assets and liabilities and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements. Examples of such estimates include the useful life of fixed assets and intangible assets, provisions for doubtful debts/advances, future obligations in respect of retirement benefit plans, etc. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
2. Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized, based on the nature of activity, when consideration can be reasonably measured and there exists reasonable certainty of its recovery.
(a) Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the substantial risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer under the terms of the contract.
(b) Sale of power to Punjab State Power Corporation Limited (PSPCL), Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (UPPCL) & merchant power purchasers is accounted for based on the meter reading as per metering equipments of PSPCL and UPPCL installed at the Power Grid.
(c) Other income is accounted for on accrual basis as and when the right to receive arises.
3. Inventories
Inventories of Finished Goods are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Inventories of by-products are valued at net realizable value. Cost of inventories is determined using Weighted Average Cost method. In respect of finished goods and work in process appropriate overheads are considered.
4. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, net of Excise Duty, less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. All costs directly related to the acquisition and installation of fixed assets are capitalized and added to the respective assets. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.
5. Depreciation
Depreciation is provided on all the fixed assets using the straight-line method over its useful life as provided in accordance with and in the manner specified in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.
6. Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions denominated in foreign currency are normally recorded at the exchange rates prevailing at the time of the transactions. Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies at the yearend are translated at the yearend exchange rates. Any income or expenses on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Statement of Profit & Loss.
7. Expenditure on new projects & substantial expansions
Expenditure directly relating to construction/substantial expansion activity is capitalized. Indirect expenditure incurred during construction period is capitalized as part of the indirect construction cost to the extent to which the expenditure is indirectly related to construction or is incidental thereto. Income earned during the construction period is deducted from the total of the indirect expenditure.
As regards indirect expenditure on expansion, only that portion is capitalized which represents the marginal increase in such expenditure involved as a result of capital expansion. Both direct and indirect expenditure are capitalized only if they increase the value of the asset beyond its original standard of performance.
8. Impairment of Assets
At each balance sheet date, the carrying amount of fixed assets are reviewed by the management to determine whether there is any indication that those assets suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of impairment loss (recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s net selling price or value in use). In assessing the value in use, the estimated future cash flow expected from the continuing use of the assets and from their disposal are discounted to their present value using a pre discounted rate that reflects the current market assessment of time value of money and risks specific to the asset.
Reversal of impairment loss is recognized immediately as income in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
9. Government Grants and Subsidies
Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the grant/subsidy will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with.
When grant or subsidy relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income over the periods necessary to match them on a systematic basis with the related cost, which it is intended to compensate. Where grant/subsidy relates to an asset, its value is deducted in arriving at the carrying amount of the related asset against which grant/subsidy has been received and further where the grant/subsidy is in the nature of promoters contribution the amount of grant/subsidy is accounted for as a capital reserve.
10. Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for less than one year are classified as current investments. Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value, whereas long term investments are carried at historical cost. The provision for diminution in the value of investment other than temporary is provided for.
11. Miscellaneous Expenditure
Preliminary expenses and cost incurred in raising funds are written off to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the same are incurred.
12. Employees Benefits
- The liability on account of gratuity is provided in accordance with LIC''s Group Gratuity Scheme and Actuarial Valuation basis.
- Provision for Leave encashment liability is made on Actuarial valuation basis.
- Provident Fund: Contribution to provident fund is made in accordance with the provisions of the Employees Provident Fund Act, 1952.
13. Tax Expenses
Tax expenses comprises of current and deferred income tax and wealth tax. Current income tax is calculated at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. If the company has carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation and tax losses, deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realized against further taxable profits. Unrecognized deferred tax assets of earlier years are re-assessed and recognized to the extent that it has become reasonably certain that further taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
14. Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting preference dividend & taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Equity shares that are partly paid up are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the extent they entitled to participate in dividends. The weighted average numbers of equity shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a right issue to the existing shareholders, share split and consolidation of shares.
For the purpose of calculating diluted EPS, the net profit or loss attributable to equity share holders and weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
15. Segment Reporting
a) Segment accounting policies are in line with the accounting policies of the company. In addition, the following specific accounting policies have been followed for segment reporting.
(1) Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly identifiable with/allocable to the segment including inter segment sales.
(2) Expenses that are directly identifiable with/allocable to segment are considered for determining the segment result. Expenses which relate to the company as a whole and not allocable to segment are included under Un-allocable corporate expenditure.
(3) Income which relates to the company as a whole and not allocable to segments is included in un-allocable corporate income.
(4) Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable with the respective segments. Unallocable corporate assets and liabilities represent the assets and liabilities that relate to company as a whole and not allocable to any segment. Un-allocable assets mainly comprise corporate head office assets, investments and tax deposited with the Income Tax Authorities. Un-allocable liabilities include mainly Unsecured Loans and Tax Payable to Income Tax authorities.
b) Inter Segment transfer pricing
Segment revenue resulting from transactions with other business segments is accounted on the basis of market price.
16. Provisions & Contingent liabilities
A provision is recognized when an enterprise has
(1) A present obligation as a result of past events.
(2) It is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation.
(3) In respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.
The provisions are determined based on the best estimates required to fulfill the obligation on the balance sheet date. The provisions are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
Contingent liability is
(1) a possible obligation that arises from past events and the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the enterprise: or
(2) a present obligation that arises from past events but is not recognized.
The Contingent liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the notes. The Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in financial statements.
17. Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprises cash at bank and cash on hand.
18. Financial Derivatives and Commodity Hedging
In respect of derivative contracts, premium paid, gain & losses on settlement & losses on restatement are recognized in the Statement of Profit & Loss except in case where they relate to the acquisition & construction of fixed assets, in which case they are adjusted to the carrying cost of such assets.
Mar 31, 2014
1. Basis of Accounting
The company maintains its accounts on accrual basis following the
historical cost conventions in accordance with Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles (GAAP) and in compliance with the Accounting
Standards referred to in section 211(3C) and other requirements of the
Companies Act, 1956. The preparation of the financial statements in
conformity with GAAP requires that the management of the company makes
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of income
and expenses of the year, the reported balances of assets and
liabilities and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as
of the date of the financial statements. Examples of such estimates
include the useful life of fixed assets and intangible assets,
provisions for doubtful debts/advances, future obligations in respect
of retirement benefit plans, etc. actual results could differ from
these estimates.
2. Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized based on the nature of activity when
consideration can be reasonably measured and there exists reasonable
certainty of its recovery.
(a) Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the substantial risks
and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer under the terms
of the contract.
(b) Sale of power to Punjab State Power Corporation Limited (PSPCL),
Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (UPPCL) & merchant power
purchasers is accounted for based on the meter reading as per metering
equipments of PSPCl and UPPCL installed at the Power Grid.
(c) Other income is accounted for on accrual basis as and when the
right to receive arises.
3. Inventories
Inventories of Finished Goods, are valued at lower of cost or net
realizable value. The inventories of by- products are valued at net
realizable value. Cost of inventories is determined using Weighted
Average Cost method. In respect of finished goods and work in process
appropriate overheads are considered.
4. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, net of Excise Duty, less accumulated
depreciation and impairment loss, if any. All costs directly related to
the acquisition and installation of fixed assets are capitalized and
added to the respective assets. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition
of fixed assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for
its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the
period till such assets are ready to be put to use.
5. Depreciation
Depreciation is provided on all the fixed assets using the
straight-line method in accordance with and in the manner specified in
Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.
6. Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions denominated in foreign currency are normally recorded at
the exchange rates prevailing at the time of the transactions. Monetary
items denominated in foreign currencies at the year end are translated
at the year end exchange rates. Any income or expenses on account of
exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is
recognized in the Statement of Profit & Loss Account.
7. Expenditure on new projects & substantial expansions
Expenditure directly relating to construction/substantial expansion
activity is capitalized. Indirect expenditure incurred during
construction period is capitalized as part of the indirect construction
cost to the extent to which the expenditure is indirectly related to
construction or is incidental thereto. Income earned during the
construction period is deducted from the total of the indirect
expenditure.
As regards indirect expenditure on expansion, only that portion is
capitalized which represents the marginal increase in such expenditure
involved as a result of capital expansion. Both direct and indirect
expenditure are capitalized only if they increase the value of the
asset beyond its original standard of performance.
8. Impairment of Assets
At each balance sheet date, the carrying amount of fixed assets are
reviewed by the management to determine whether there is any indication
that those assets suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication
exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to
determine the extent of impairment loss (recoverable amount is the
higher of an asset''s net selling price or value in use). In assessing
the value in use, the estimated future cash flow expected from the
continuing use of the assets and from their disposal are discounted to
their present value using a pre discounted rate that reflects the
current market assessment of time value of money and risks specific to
the asset.
Reversal of impairment loss is recognized immediately as income in the
Statement of Profit and Loss Account.
9. Government Grants and Subsidies
Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is
reasonable assurance that the grant/subsidy will be received and all
attaching conditions will be complied with.
When grant or subsidy relates to an expense item, it is recognized as
income over the periods necessary to match them on a systematic basis
with the related cost, which it is intended to compensate. Where
grant/subsidy relates to an asset, its value is deducted in arriving at
the carrying amount of the related asset against which grant/subsidy
has been received and further where the grant/subsidy is in the nature
of promoters contribution the amount of grant/subsidy is accounted for
as a capital reserve.
10. Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for
less then one year are classified as current investments, Current
investments are carried at lower of cost or market value, whereas long
term investments are carried at historical cost. The provision for
diminution in the value of investment other than temporary is provided
for.
11. Miscellaneous Expenditure
Preliminary expenses and cost incurred in raising funds are written off
to the Statement of profit and loss account in the year in which the
same are incurred.
12. Employees Benefits
* The liability on account of gratuity is provided in accordance with
LIC''s Group Gratuity Scheme and Actuarial Valuation basis.
* Provision for Leave encashment liability is made on Actuarial
valuation basis.
* Provident Fund: Contribution to provident fund is made in accordance
with the provisions of the Employees Provident Fund Act, 1952.
13. Tax Expenses
Tax expenses comprises of current and deferred income tax and wealth
tax. Current income tax is calculated at the amount expected to be paid
to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act,
1961. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing
differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year
and reversal of timing differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is
measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or
substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets
are recognized only to the extent that there is virtual certainty
supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income
will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realized. If the company has carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation
and tax losses, deferred tax, assets are recognized only if there is
virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred
tax assets can be realized against further taxable profits.
Unrecognized deferred tax assets of earlier years are re-assessed and
recognized to the extent that it has become reasonably certain that
further taxable income will be available against which such deferred
tax assets can be realized.
14. Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after
deducting preference dividend & taxes) by the weighted average number
of equity shares outstanding during the year. Equity shares that are
partly paid up are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the
extent they entitled to participate in dividends. The weighted average
numbers of equity shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for
events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a right issue to the
existing shareholders, share split and consolidation of shares.
For the purpose of calculating diluted EPS, the net profit or loss
attributable to equity share holders and weighted average number of
equity shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the
effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
15. Segment Reporting
a). Segment accounting policies are in line with the accounting
policies of the company. In addition, the following specific accounting
policies have been followed for segment reporting.
(1) Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly
identifiable with/allocable to the segment including inter segment
sales.
(2) Expenses that are directly identifiable with/allocable to segment
are considered for determining the segment result. Expenses which
relate to the company as a whole and not allocable to segment are
included under Un-allocable corporate expenditure.
(3) Income which relates to the company as a whole and not allocable to
segments is included in un-allocable corporate income.
(4) Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable
with the respective segments. Un-allocable corporate assets and
liabilities represent the assets and liabilities that relate to company
as a whole and not allocable to any segment. Un-allocable assets mainly
comprise corporate head office assets, investments and tax deposited
with the Income Tax Authorities. Un-allocable liabilities include
mainly Unsecured Loans and Tax Payable to Income Tax authorities.
b). Inter Segment transfer pricing
Segment revenue resulting from transactions with other business
segments is accounted on the basis of market price.
16. Provisions & Contingent liabilities
A provision is recognized when an enterprise has
(1) A present obligation as a result of past events.
(2) It is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to
settle the obligation.
(3) In respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.
The provisions are determined based on the best estimates required to
fulfill the obligation on the balance sheet date. The provisions are
reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current
best estimates.
Contingent liability is
(1) a possible obligation that arises from past events and the
existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within
the control of the enterprise: or
(2) a present obligation that arises from past events but is not
recognized.
The Contingent liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the
notes. The Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in
financial statements.
17. Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprises cash at bank,
cash in hand & short term investments.
18. Financial Derivatives and Commodity Hedging
In respect of derivative contracts, premium paid, gain & losses on
settlement & losses on restatement are recognized in the profit & loss
account except in case where they relate to the acquisition &
construction of fixed assets, in which case they are adjusted to the
carrying cost of such assets.
Mar 31, 2013
1. Basis of Accounting
The company maintains its accounts on accrual basis following the
historical cost conventions in accordance with Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles (GAAP) and in compliance with the Accounting
Standards referred to in section 211(3C) and other requirements of the
Companies Act, 1956. The preparation of the financial statements in
conformity with GAAP requires that the management of the company makes
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of income
and expenses of the year, the reported balances of assets and
liabilities and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as
of the date of the financial statements. Examples of such estimates
include the useful life of fixed assets and intangible assets,
provisions for doubtful debts/advances, future obligations in respect
of retirement benefit plans, etc. actual results could differ from
these estimates.
2. Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized based on the nature of activity when
consideration can be reasonably measured and there exists reasonable
certainty of its recovery.
(a) Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the substantial risks
and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer under the terms
of the contract.
(b) Sale of power to Punjab State Power Corporation Limited (PSPCL),
Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (UPPCL) & merchant power
purchasers is accounted for based on the meter reading as per metering
equipments of PSPCL and UPPCL installed at the Power Grid.
(c) Other income is accounted for on accrual basis as and when the
right to receive arises.
3. Inventories
Inventories except molasses and bagasse being by-products, are valued
at lower of cost or net realizable value. The by-products are valued at
net realizable value. Cost of inventories is determined using Weighted
Average Cost method. In respect of finished goods and work in process
appropriate overheads are considered.
4. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, net of Excise Duty, less accumulated
depreciation and impairment loss, if any. All costs directly related to
the acquisition and installation of fixed assets are capitalized and
added to the respective assets. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition
of fixed assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for
its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the
period till such assets are ready to be put to use.
5. Depreciation
Depreciation is provided on all the fixed assets using the
straight-line method in accordance with and in the manner specified in
Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.
6. Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions denominated in foreign currency are normally recorded at
the exchange rates prevailing at the time of the transactions. Monetary
items denominated in foreign currencies at the year end are translated
at the year end exchange rates. Any income or expenses on account of
exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is
recognized in the Statement of Profit & Loss Account.
7. Expenditure on new projects & substantial expansions
Expenditure directly relating to construction/substantial expansion
activity is capitalized. Indirect expenditure incurred during
construction period is capitalized as part of the indirect construction
cost to the extent to which the expenditure is indirectly related to
construction or is incidental thereto. Income earned during the
construction period is deducted from the total of the indirect
expenditure.
As regards indirect expenditure on expansion, only that portion is
capitalized which represents the marginal increase in such expenditure
involved as a result of capital expansion. Both direct and indirect
expenditure are capitalized only if they increase the value of the
asset beyond its original standard of performance.
8. Impairment of Assets
At each balance sheet date, the carrying amount of fixed assets are
reviewed by the management to determine whether there is any indication
that those assets suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication
exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to
determine the extent of impairment loss (recoverable amount is the
higher of an asset''s net selling price or value in use). In assessing
the value in use, the estimated future cash flow expected from the
continuing use of the assets and from their disposal are discounted to
their present value using a pre discounted rate that reflects the
current market assessment of time value of money and risks specific to
the asset.
Reversal of impairment loss is recognized immediately as income in the
Statement of Profit and Loss Account.
9. Government Grants and Subsidies
Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is
reasonable assurance that the grant/subsidy will be received and all
attaching conditions will be complied with.
When grant or subsidy relates to an expense item, it is recognized as
income over the periods necessary to match them on a systematic basis
with the related cost, which it is intended to compensate. Where
grant/subsidy relates to an asset, its value is deducted in arriving at
the carrying amount of the related asset against which grant/subsidy
has been received and further where the grant/subsidy is in the nature
of promoters contribution the amount of grant/subsidy is accounted for
as a capital reserve.
10. Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for
less then one year are classified as current investments, Current
investments are carried at lower of cost or market value, whereas long
term investments are carried at historical cost. The provision for
diminution in the value of investment other than temporary is provided
for.
11. Miscellaneous Expenditure
Preliminary expenses and cost incurred in raising funds are written off
to the Statement of profit and loss account in the year in which the
same are incurred.
12. Employees Benefits
- The liability on account of gratuity is provided in accordance with
LIC''s Group Gratuity Scheme and Actuarial Valuation certificate basis.
- Provision for Leave encashment liability is made on Actuarial
valuation certificate basis.
- Provident Fund: Contribution to provident fund is made in accordance
with the provisions of the Employees Provident Fund Act, 1952.
13. Tax Expenses
Tax expenses comprises of current and deferred income tax and wealth
tax. Current income tax is calculated at the amount expected to be paid
to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act,
1961. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing
differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year
and reversal of timing differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is
measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or
substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets
are recognized only to the extent that there is virtual certainty
supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income
will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realized. If the company has carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation
and tax losses, deferred tax, assets are recognized only if there is
virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred
tax assets can be realized against further taxable profits.
Unrecognized deferred tax assets of earlier years are re-assessed and
recognized to the extent that it has become reasonably certain that
further taxable income will be available against which such deferred
tax assets can be realized.
14. Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after
deducting preference dividend & taxes) by the weighted average number
of equity shares outstanding during the year. Equity shares that are
partly paid up are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the
extent they entitled to participate in dividends. The weighted average
numbers of equity shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for
events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a right issue to the
existing shareholders, share split and consolidation of shares.
For the purpose of calculating diluted EPS, the net profit or loss
attributable to equity share holders and weighted average number of
equity shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the
effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
15. Segment Reporting
a). Segment accounting policies are in line with the accounting
policies of the company. In addition, the following specific accounting
policies have been followed for segment reporting.
(1) Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly
identifiable with/allocable to the segment including inter segment
sales.
(2) Expenses that are directly identifiable with/allocable to segment
are considered for determining the segment result. Expenses which
relate to the company as a whole and not allocable to segment are
included under Un-allocable corporate expenditure.
(3) Income which relates to the company as a whole and not allocable to
segments is included in un-allocable corporate income.
(4) Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable
with the respective segments. Un-allocable corporate assets and
liabilities represent the assets and liabilities that relate to company
as a whole and not allocable to any segment. Un-allocable assets mainly
comprise corporate head office assets, investments and tax deposited
with the Income Tax Authorities. Un-allocable liabilities include
mainly Unsecured Loans and Tax Payable to Income Tax authorities.
b). Inter Segment transfer pricing
Segment revenue resulting from transactions with other business
segments is accounted on the basis of market price.
16. Provisions & Contingent liabilities
A provision is recognized when an enterprise has
(1) A present obligation as a result of past events.
(2) It is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to
settle the obligation.
(3) In respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.
The provisions are determined based on the best estimates required to
fulfill the obligation on the balance sheet date. The provisions are
reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current
best estimates. Contingent liability is
(1) a possible obligation that arises from past events and the
existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within
the control of the enterprise: or
(2) a present obligation that arises from past events but is not
recognized.
The Contingent liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the
notes. The Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in
financial statements.
17. Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprises cash at bank,
cash in hand & short term investments.
18. Financial Derivatives and Commodity Hedging
In respect of derivative contracts, premium paid, gain & losses on
settlement & losses on restatement are recognized in the profit & loss
account except in case where they relate to the acquisition &
construction of fixed assets, in which case they are adjusted to the
carrying cost of such assets.
Mar 31, 2012
I) Basis of Accounting
The company maintains its accounts on accrual basis following the
historical cost conventions in accordance with Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles (GAAP) and in compliance with the Accounting
Standards referred to in section 211(3C) and other requirements of the
Companies Act, 1956.
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP
requires that the management of the company makes estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of income and exper :es of
the year, the reported balances of assets and liabilities and the
disclosures relating to conti; ent liabilities as of the date of the
financial statements. Examples of such estimates include the usefu;
:ife of fixed assets and intangible assets, provisions for doubtful
debts/advances, future obligations in respect of retirement benefit
plans, etc. actual results could differ from these estimates.
ii) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized based on the nature of activity when
consideration can be reasonably measured and there exists reasonable
certainty of its recovery.
(a) Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the substantial risks
and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer under the terms
of the contract.
(b) Sale of power to Punjab State Power Corporation Limited (PSPCL),
Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (UPPCL) & merchant power
purchasers is accounted for based on the meter reading as per metering
equipments of PSPCL and UPPCL installed at the Power Grid.
(c) Other income is accounted for on accrual basis as and when the
right to receive arises.
iii) Inventories
Inventories except molasses and bagasse being by-products, are valued
at lower of cost and net realizable value. The by-products are valued
at net realizable value. Cost of inventories is determined using
Weighted Average Cost method. In respect of finished goods and work in
process appropriate overheads are considered.
iv) Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, net of Excise Duty, less accumulated
depreciation and impairment loss, if any. All costs directly related to
the acquisition and installation of fixed assets are capitalized and
added to the respective assets. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition
of fixed assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for
its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the
period till such assets are ready to be put to use.
v) Depreciation
Depreciation is provided on all the fixed assets using the
straight-line method in accordance with and in the manner specified in
Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.
vi) Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions denominated in foreign currency are normally recorded at
the exchange rates prevailing at the time of the transactions. Monetary
items denominated in foreign currencies at the year end are translated
at the year end exchange rates. Any income or expenses on account of
exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is
recognized in the Statement of Profit & Loss.
vii) Expenditure on new projects & substantial expansions
Expenditure directly relating to construction/substantial expansion
activity is capitalized. Indirect expenditure incurred during
construction period is capitalized as part of the indirect construction
cost to the extent to which the expenditure is indirectly related to
construction or is incidental thereto. Income earned during the
construction period is deducted from the total of the indirect
expenditure.
As regards indirect expenditure on expansion, only that portion is
capitalized which represents the
marginal increase in such expenditure involved as a result of capital
expansion. Both direct and indirect expenditure are capitalized only if
they increase the value of the asset beyond its original standard of
performance.
viii) Impairment of Assets
At each balance sheet date, the carrying amount of fixed assets are
reviewed by the management to determine whether there is any indication
that those assets suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication
exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to
determine the extent of impairment loss (recoverable amount is the
higher of an asset's net selling price or value in use). In assessing
the value in use, the estimated future cash flow expected from the
continuing use of the assets and from their disposal are discounted to
their present value using a pre discounted rate that reflects the
current market assessment of time value of money and risks specific to
the asset.
Reversal of impairment loss is recognized immediately as income in the
Statement of Profit and Loss.
ix) Government Grants and Subsidies
Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is
reasonable assurance that the grant/subsidy will be received and all
attaching conditions will be complied with.
When grant or subsidy relates to an expense item, it is recognized as
income over the periods necessary to match them on a systematic basis
with the related cost, which it rs intended to compensate. Where
grant/subsidy relates to an asset, its value is deducted in arriving at
the carrying amount of the related asset against which grant/subsidy
has been received and further where the grant/subsidy is in the nature
of promoters contribution the amount of grant/subsidy is accounted for
as a capital reserve.
x) Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for
less then one year are classified as current investments, Current
investments are carried at lower of cost or market value, whereas long
term investments are carried at historical cost. The provision for
diminution in the value of investment other than temporary is provided
for.
' xi) Miscellaneous Expenditure
Preliminary expenses and cost incurred in raising funds are written off
to the Statement of profit and loss in the year in which the same are
incurred.
xii) Employees Benefits
- The liability on account of gratuity is provided in accordance with
LICs Group Gratuity Scheme and Actuarial Valuation certificate basis.
- Provision for Leave encashment liability is made on Actuarial
valuation certificate basis.
- Provident Fund: Contribution to provident fund is made in accordance
with the provisions of the Employees Provident Fund Act, 1952.
xiii) Tax Expenses
Tax expenses comprises of current and deferred income tax, and wealth
tax. Current income tax is calculated at the amount expected to be paid
to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act,
1961. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing
differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year
and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future
taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets
can be realized. If the company has carry forward of unabsorbed
depreciation and tax losses, deferred tax, assets are recognized only
if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that
such deferred tax assets can be realized against further taxable
profits. Unrecognized deferred tax assets of earlier years are
re-assessed and recognized to the extent that it has become reasonably
certain that further taxable income will be available against which
such deferred tax assets can be realized.
xiv) Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after
deducting preference dividend & taxes) by the weighted average number
of equity shares outstanding during the year. Equity shares that are
partly paid up are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the
extent they entitled to participate in dividends. The weighted average
numbers of equity shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for
events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a right issue to the
existing shareholders, share split and consolidation of shares.
For the purpose of calculating diluted EPS, the net profit or loss
attributable to equity share holders and weighted average number of
equity shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the
effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
xv) Segment Reporting
a). Segment accounting policies are in line with the accounting
policies of the company. In addition, the following specific accounting
policies have been followed for segment reporting.
(1) Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly
identifiable with/allocable to the segment including inter segment
sales.
(2) Expenses that are directly identifiable with/allocable to segment
are considered for determining the segment result. Expenses which
relate to the company as a whole and not allocable to segment are
included under Un-allocable corporate expenditure.
(3) Income which relates to the company as a whole and not allocable to
segments is included in un-allocable corporate income.
(4) Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable
with the respective segments. Un-allocable corporate assets and
liabilities represent the assets and liabilities that relate to company
as a whole and not allocable to any segment. Un-allocable assets mainly
comprise corporate head office assets, investments and tax deposited
with the Income Tax Authorities. Un-allocable liabilities include
mainly Unsecured Loans and Tax Payable to Income Tax authorities. .
b). Inter Segment transfer pricing
Segment revenue resulting from transactions with other business
segments is accounted on the basis of market price, xvi.) Provisions &
Contingent liabilities
a) Provisions are recognized when an enterprises has
(1) A present obligation as a result of past events.
(2) It is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to
settle the obligations.
(3) In respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.
The provisions are determined based on the best estimates required to
fulfill the obligations on the balance sheet date. The provisions are
reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current
best estimates.
b) Contingent liability is
(1) A possible obligation that arises from past events and the
existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within
the control of the enterprise: or
(2) A present obligation that arises from past events but is not
recognized.
The Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the
notes. The Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in
financial statements, xvii) Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprises cash at bank,
cash in hand & short term investments.
Mar 31, 2011
1. Basis of Accounting
The company maintains its accounts on accrual basis following the
historical cost conventions in accordance with Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles (GAAP) and in compliance with the Accounting
Standards referred to in section 211(3C) and other requirements of the
Companies Act, 1956.
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP
requires that the management of the company makes estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of income and expenses of
the year, the reported balances of assets and liabilities and the
disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as of the date of the
financial statements. Examples of such estimates include the useful
life of fixed assets and intangible assets, provisions for doubtful
debts/advances, future obligations in respect of retirement benefit
plans, etc. actual results could differ from these estimates.
2. Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized based on the nature of activity when
consideration can be reasonably measured and there exists reasonable
certainly of its recovery.
(a) Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the substantial risks
and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer under the terms
of the contract.
(b) Sale of power to Punjab State Power Corporation Limited (PSPCL),
UHar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (LJPPCLi & merchant power
purchasers is accounted for based on the meter reading as per metering
equipments of PSPCI. and UPPCL installed at the Power Grid.
(c) Other income is accounted for on accrual basis as and when the
right to receive arises.
3. Inventories
Inventories except molasses and bagasse being by-products, are valued
at lower of cost and net realizable value. The by-products are valued
at net realizable value. Cost of inventories is determined using
Weighted Average Cost method. In respect of finished goods and work in
process appropriale overheads ,ve considered.
4. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, net of Excise Duty, less accumulated
depreciation and impairment loss, if any. All costs directly related to
the acquisition and installation of fixed assets are capitalized and
added to the respective assets. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition
of fixed assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for
ils intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the
period till such assets are ready to be put to use.
5. Depreciation
Depreciation is provided on all the fixed assets using the
straight-line method in accordance with and in the manner specified in
Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.
6. Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions denominated in foreign currency are normally recorded at
the exchange rates prevailing at the time of the transactions. Monetary
items denominated in foreign currencies at the year end are translated
at the year end exchange rates. Any income or expenses on account of
exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is
recognized in the Profit & Loss Account.
7. Expenditure on new projects & substantial expansions
Expenditure directly relating to construction/substantial expansion
activity is capitalized. Indirect expenditure incurred during
construction period is capitalized as part of the indirect construction
cost to the extent to which the expenditure is indirectly related to
construction or is incidental thereto. Income earned during the
construction period is deducted from the total of the indirect
expenditure.
As regards indirect expenditure on expansion, only that portion is
capitalized which represents the marginal increase in such expenditure
involved as a result of capital expansion. Both direct and indirect
expenditure are capitalized only if they increase the value of the
asset bevond its original standard of performance.
8. Impairment of Assets
At each balance sheet date, the carrying amounts of fixed assets are
reviewed by the management to determine whether there is any indication
that those assets suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication
exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to
determine the extent of impairment loss (recoverable amount is the
higher of an assets net selling price or value in use!. In assessing
the value in use, the estimated future cash flows expected from the
continuing use of the assets and from its disposal are discounted to
their present value using a pre discounted rate that reflects the
current market assessment ot time value of money and risks specific to
the asset.
Reversal of impairment loss is recognized immediately as income in the
Profit and Loss Account.
9. Government Grants and Subsidies
Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is
reasonable assurance that the grant/subsidv will be received and all
attaching conditions will be complied with.
When grant or subsidy relates to an expense item, it is recognized as
income over the periods necessary to match them on a systematic basis
with the related cost, which it is intended to compensate. Where
grant/subsidy relates to an asset, its value is deducted in arriving at
the carrying amount of the related asset against which grant/subsidy
has been received and further where the grant/subsidy is in the nature
of promoters contribution the amount of grant/subsidy is accounted for
as a capital reserve.
10. Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for
less then one year are classified as current investments, Current
investments are carried at lower of cost or market value, whereas long
term investments are carried at historical cost. The provision for
diminution in the value of investment other than temporary is provided
for.
11. Miscellaneous Expenditure
Preliminary expenses and cost incurred in raising funds are written off
to the profit and loss account in the year in which the same are
incurred
12. Employees Benefits
The liability on account ot gratuity is provided in accordance with
LIC''s Group Gratuity Scheme.
Provision for Leave encashment liability is made on Actuarial valuation
certificate basis.
Provident Fund: Contribution to provident fund is made in accordance
with the provisions of the Employees Provident Fund Act, 1952.
13. Tax Expenses
Tax expenses comprises of current and deferred income tax, and wealth
tax. Current income tax is calculated at the amount expected to be paid
to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act,
1961. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing
differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year
and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future
taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets
can be realized. If the company has carry forward of unabsorbed
depreciation and tax losses, deferred tax, assets are recognized only
if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that
such deferred tax assets can be realized against further taxable
profits. Unrecognized deferred tax assets of earlier years are
re-assessed and recognized to the extent that it has become reasonably
certain that further taxable income will be available against which
such deferred tax assets can be realized.
14. Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after
deducting preference dividend & taxes) by the weighted average number
of equity shares outstanding during the year. Equity shares that are
partly paid up are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the
extent they entitled to participate in dividends. The weighted average
numbers of equity shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for
events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a right issue to the
existing shareholders, share split and consolidation of shares.
For the purpose of calculating diluted EPS, the net profit or loss
attributable to equity share holders and weighted average number of
equity shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the
effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
15. Segment Reporting
a) Segment accounting policies are in line with the accounting policies
of the company. In addition, the following specific accounting policies
have been followed for segment reporting.
(1) Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly
identifiable with/allocable to the segment including inter segment
sales.
(2) Expenses that are directly identifiable with/allocable to segment
are considered for determining the segment result. Expenses which
relate to the company as a whole and not allocable to segment are
included under Un-allocable corporate expenditure.
(3) Income which relates to the company as a whole and not allocable to
segments is included in un-allocable corporate income.
(4) Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable
with the respective segments. Un-allocable corporate assets and
liabilities represent the assets and liabilities that relate to company
as a whole and not allocable to any segment. Un-allocable assets mainly
comprise corporate head office assets, investments and tax deposited
with the Income Tax Authorities. Un-allocable liabilities include
mainly Unsecured Loans and Tax Payable to Income Tax authorities.
b) Inter Segment transfer pricing
Segment revenue resulting from transactions with other business
segments is accounted on the basis of market price.
16. Provisions & Contingent liabilities
A provision is recognized when an enterprise has
(1) A present obligation as a result of past events.
(2) It is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to
settle the obligation.
(3) In respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.
The provisions are determined based on the best estimates required to
fulfill the obligation on the balance sheet date. The provisions are
reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current
best estimates.
A Contingent liability is
(1) a possible obligation that arises from past events and the
existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within
the control of the enterprise: or
(2) a present obligation that arises from past events but is not
recognized.
The Contingent liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the
notes. The Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in
financial statements.
17. Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprises cash at bank,
cash in hand & short term investments.
Mar 31, 2010
1. Basis of Accounting
The company maintains its accounts on accrual basis following the
historical cost conventions in accordance with Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles (GAAP) and in compliance with the Accounting
Standards referred to in section 211(3C) and other requirements of the
Companies Act, 1956.
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP
requires that the management of the company makes estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of income and expenses of
the period, the reported balances of assets and liabilities and the
disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as of the date of the
financial statements. Examples of such estimates include the useful
life of fixed assets and intangible assets, provisions for doubtful
debts/advances, future obligations in respect of retirement benefit
plans, etc. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
2. Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized based on the nature of activity when
consideration can be reasonably measured and there exists reasonable
certainty of its recovery.
(a) Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the substantial risks
and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer under the terms
of the contract.
(b) Sale of power to Punjab State Electricity Board (PSEB)& merchant
power purchasers is accounted for based on the meter reading as per
metering equipments of PSEB installed at the Power Grid.
(c) Other income is accounted for on accrual basis as and when the
right to receive arises.
3. Inventories
Inventories except molasses and bagasse being by-products, are valued
at lower of cost and net realizable value. The by-products are valued
at net realizable value. Cost of inventories is determined using
Weighted Average Cost method. In respect of finished goods and work in
process appropriate overheads are considered.
4. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, net of Excise Duty, less accumulated
depreciation and impairment loss, if any. All costs directly related to
the acquisition and installation of fixed assets are capitalized and
added to the respective assets. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition
of fixed assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for
its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the
period till such assets are ready to be put to use.
5. Depreciation
Depreciation is provided on all the fixed assets using the
straight-line method in accordance with and in the manner specified in
Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.
6. Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions denominated in foreign currency are normally recorded at
the exchange rates prevailing at the time of the transactions. Monetary
items denominated in foreign currencies at the year end are translated
at the year end exchange rates. Any income or expenses on account of
exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is
recognized in the Profit & Loss Account except in respect of borrowings
in foreign currencies, which is adjusted to the cost of the fixed
assets.
7. Expenditure on new projects & substantial expansions
Expenditure directly relating to construction/substantial expansion
activity is capitalized. Indirect expenditure incurred during
construction period is capitalized as part of the indirect construction
cost to the extent to which the expenditure is indirectly related to
construction or is incidental thereto.
Income earned during the construction period is deducted from the total
of the indirect expenditure. As regards indirect expenditure on
expansion, only that portion is capitalized which represents the
marginal increase in such expenditure involved as a result of capital
expansion. Both direct and indirect expenditure are capitalized only if
they increase the value of the asset beyond its original standard of
performance.
8. Impairment of Assets
At each balance sheet date, the carrying amounts of fixed assets are
reviewed by the management to determine whether there is any indication
that those assets suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication
exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to
determine the extent of impairment loss (recoverable amount is the
higher of an assets net selling price or value in use). In assessing
the value in use, the estimated future cash flows expected from the
continuing use of the assets and from its disposal are discounted to
their present value using a pre discounted rate that reflects the
current market assessment of time value of money and risks specific to
the asset. Reversal of impairment loss is recognized immediately as
income in the Profit and Loss Account.
9. Government Grants and Subsidies
Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is
reasonable assurance that the grant/subsidy will be received and all
attaching conditions will be complied with.
When grant or subsidy relates to an expense item, it is recognized as
income over the periods necessary to match them on a systematic basis
with the related cost, which it is intended to compensate. Where
grant/subsidy relates to an asset, its value is deducted in arriving at
the carrying amount of the related asset against which grant/subsidy
has been received and further where the grant/subsidy is in the nature
of promoters contribution the amount of grant/subsidy is accounted for
as a capital reserve.
10. Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for
less then one year are classified as current investments, Current
investments are carried at lower of cost or market value, whereas long
term investments are carried at historical cost. The provision for
diminution in the value of investment other than temporary is provided
for.
11. Miscellaneous Expenditure
Preliminary expenses and cost incurred in raising funds are written off
to the profit and loss account in the year in which the same are
incurred
12. Employees Benefits
- The liability on account of gratuity is provided in accordance with
LICs Group Gratuity Scheme.
- Provision for Leave encashment liability is made on Actuarial
valuation certificate basis.
- Provident Fund: Contribution to provident fund is made in accordance
with the provisions of the Employees Provident Fund Act, 1952.
13. Tax Expenses
Tax expenses comprises of current and deferred income tax, fringe
benefit tax and wealth tax. Current income tax and fringe benefits tax
is calculated at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities
in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred income
taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences between
taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of
timing differences of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future
taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets
can be realized. If the company has carry forward of unabsorbed
depreciation and tax losses, deferred tax, assets are recognized only
if there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax
assets can be realized against further taxable profits. Unrecognized
deferred tax assets of earlier years are re-assessed and recognized to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain that further taxable
income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realized.
14. Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after
deducting preference dividend & taxes) by the weighted average number
of equity shares outstanding during the year. Equity shares that are
partly paid up are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the
extent they entitled to participate in dividends. The weighted average
numbers of equity shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for
events such as bonus issue, bongs element in a right issue to the
existing shareholders, share split and consolidation of shares. For
the purpose of calculating diluted EPS, the net profit or loss
attributable to equity share holders and weighted average number of
equity shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the
effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
15. Segment Reporting
a) Segment accounting policies are in line with the accounting policies
of the company. In addition, the following specific accounting policies
have been followed for segment reporting.
(1) Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly
identifiable with/allocable to the segment including inter segment
sales.
(2) Expenses that are directly identifiable with/allocable to segment
are considered for determining the segment result. Expenses which
relate to the company as a whole and not allocable to segment are
included under Un-allocable corporate expenditure.
(3) Income which relates to the company as a whole and not allocable to
segments is included in un-allocable corporate income.
(4) Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable
with the respective segments. Un-allocable corporate assets and
liabilities represent the assets and liabilities that relate to company
as a whole and not allocable to any segment. Un-allocable assets mainly
comprise corporate head office assets, investments and tax deposited
with the Income Tax Authorities. Un-allocable liabilities include
mainly Unsecured Loans and Tax Payable to Income Tax authorities.
b) Inter Segment transfer pricing
Segment revenue resulting from transactions with other business
segments is accounted on the basis of market price.
16. Provisions & Contingent liabilities
A provision is recognized when an enterprise has
(1) A present obligation as a result of past events.
(2) It is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to
settle the obligation.
(3) In respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.
The provisions are determined based on the best estimates required to
fulfill the obligation on the balance sheet date. The provisions are
reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current
best estimates. A Contingent liability is
(1) a possible obligation that arises from past events and the
existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within
the control of the enterprise: or
(2) a present obligation that arises from past events but is not
recognized.
The Contingent liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the
notes. The Contingent Assets are
neither recognized nor disclosed in financial statements. 17. Cash and
Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprises cash at bank,
cash in hand & short term investments.
Disclaimer: This is 3rd Party content/feed, viewers are requested to use their discretion and conduct proper diligence before investing, GoodReturns does not take any liability on the genuineness and correctness of the information in this article
More Information on Rana Sugars Ltd.
-
Rana Sugars Ltd. Tools
- Bulk Deals
-
Rana Sugars Ltd. Company Details
- Company Profile
- Company History
- Management Team
- Capital Structure
- Product Mix
- Banker/Auditor/Registrar
-
Company History
- BSE Price History
- NSE Price History
-
Rana Sugars Ltd. Key Financial Ratios
- Ratios
-
Rana Sugars Ltd. Results
- Quarterly Results
- Half Yearly Results
- Nine Months Results
- Annual Results
-
Rana Sugars Ltd. Financial Data
- Audited Results
- Cash Flow
- Balance Sheet
-
Rana Sugars Ltd. Reports
- Accounting Policies
- Auditors Report
- Directors Report
- Notes To Account
-
Rana Sugars Ltd. Corporate Announcements
- Book Closure
- Dividend
- Board Meetings
