Accounting Policies of Sera Investments & Finance India Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2025

3. Significant Accounting Policies

1. Financial Instruments

A. Financial Assets:

i.) Classification:

The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement

categories:

• Those measured at amortized cost and

• Those to be measured subsequently at either ‘Fair value through other comprehensive
income'' (FVTOCI) or ‘Fair value through profit or loss'' (FVTPL).

The classification depends on the Company’s business model tor managing the
financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

• A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets both of the following
conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL :

the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to
collect contractual cash flows; and

- the contractual terms of a financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash
flows that are solely payments of Principal and interest on the principal amount
outstanding.

. A debt investment is measured at FVOC1 if it meets both following conditions and is

not designated as at FVTPL: .... ,,

- the asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting

contractual cash flows and selling financial assets, and

- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that
arc solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

• Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition
except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for
managing financial assets.

ii.) Measurement

At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset when it becomes
a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments and measures at its fair
value. Transaction costs are incremental costs that are directly attributable to
the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets
carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in profit or loss.

iii.) De-recognition

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows
from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash
flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of
the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains
substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the
financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its
balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the
transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognized.

B. Financial Liabilities:

(i)Classification, Subsequent Measurement and Gains and losses

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at Historical cost. Government of Gujarat, in
capacity of the Promoter of the company, provides investment funds in form of
interest free loans having specific directions to invest in equity shares of Group
Entities of the company in terms of CIC directions. Investment funds, released as
loan by GoG, when received for investment in equity are recognized as financial
liabilities. There exist an obligation, however, the terms and conditions do not specify
that whether the loan is repayable on demand and also fixed repayment schedule is not
specified. Considering the said fact it is not possible to value such financial liability at
amortized cost.

ii)De-recognition

The Company derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are
discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognizes a financial liability when its terms are modified and the
cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different In this case, a new
financial liability based on the modified terms is recognized at fair value. The difference
between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial
liability with modified terms is recognised in the profit or loss.

C. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the
Balance Sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right
to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realize the
asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

D. Investments in Associates and Subsidiaries

Investments in associates is carried at cost in the separate financial statements.
Subsidiaries are valued at Fair Value.

2. Property, Plant and Equipment

l. Recognition and Measurement

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost, which includes capitalized borrowing
costs, less accumulated depreciation, and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price, including import

duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly
attributable cost of bringing the item to its working condition for its intended use and estimated costs
of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they
are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Useful lives have been determined in accordance with Schedule II to the Companies Act,2013. The
residual values are not more than 5% of the original cost of the asset.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in profit or
loss.

ii. Transition to Ind AS

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its
property, plant and equipment recognized as at 1 April 2019, measured as per the previous GAAP,
and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of such property, plant and equipment.

iii. Subsequent Expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only if it is probable that the future economic benefits
associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company.

iv. Depreciation

Depreciation is calculated on cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated
residual values over their estimated useful lives using the written down value method and is
recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Depreciation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year-end and
adjusted if appropriate. Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management
believes that its estimates of useful lives best represent the period over which management expects
to use these assets.

Depreciation on additions (disposals) is provided on a pro-rata basis i.e. from (up to) the date on
which asset is ready for use (disposed of).

v. Derecognition

An item of Property, Plant and Equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic
benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of assets.

3. Impairment

i. Impairment of Financial Assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company uses ''Expected Credit Loss’ (ECL) model, fore valuating
impairment of financial assets other than those measured at fair value through profit and loss
(FVTPL). At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether financial assets carried at amortized
cost are credit impaired. A financial asset is ''credit- impaired'' when one or more events that have a
detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.

Measurement of Expected Credit Losses

The 12-months expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from those default events on
the financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date], 01

Full lifetime expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from all possible default events
over the life of the financial instrument)

Loss allowances lor financial assets measured at amortized cost are deducted from the gross carrying
amount of the assets.

Based on the above, the Company categorises its loans into Stage 1, Stage 2 and Stage 3, as described
belowi

Stage 1: When loans are first recognised, the Company recognises an allowance based on 12 months ECL
Stage 1 loans includes those loans where there is no significant increase in credit risk observed and also
includes facilities where the credit risk has been improved and the loan has been reclassified from stage

Stage 2: When a loan has shown a significant increase in credit risk since origination, the Company
records an allowance for the life time ECL.

Stage 3: Loans considered credit impaired are the loans which are past due for more than 90 days.
Borrowers are also classified under stage 3 bucket under instances like fraud identification and legal

proceeding. . ,

Further, stage 3 loan accounts are identified at customer level (i.e. a Stage 1 or 2 customer having other

loans which are in Stage 3). The Company records an allowance for life time ECL.

There is a curing period with Stage 3 loan, where even if the DPD days are reduced by 90 days the same
will not be upgraded to Stage 1 until the loan is 0 DPD.

ii. Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

The Company’s non-financial assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there
is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset s recoverable amount is
estimated.

An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated recoverable
amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

In respect of assets for which impairment loss has been recognized in prior periods, the Company
reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no
longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to
determine the recoverable amount Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the assets
carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of
depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

4. Employee Benefits

i. Short Term Employee Benefits

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as
the related service is provided.

ii. Defined Contribution Plan

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed
contributions in to a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further
amounts. The Company makes specified monthly contributions towards Government administered
provident fund scheme. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized as
an employee benefit expense in profit or loss in the periods during which the related services are
rendered by employees.

Prepaid contributions are recognized as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in
future payments is available.

m. Defined Benefit Plan

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. The
Company’s net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan by
estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in the current and prior periods,
discounting that amount using market yields at the end of reporting period on government bonds.

The calculation of defined benefit obligation is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the
projected unit credit method. When the calculation results in a potential asset for the Company, the
recognized asset is limited to the present value of economic benefits available in the form of any
future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan (''the Asset Ceiling). In
order to calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any minimum
funding requirements.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit
that relates to past service (''past service cost’ or ’past service gain’jor the gain or loss on curtailment
is recognized immediately in profit or loss. The Company recognizes gains and losses on the
settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.

Re-measurement of defined benefit plans in respect of post-employment are charged to the Other
Comprehensive Income.

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Mar 31, 2024

Company Overview & Significant Accounting Policies

1. Reporting Entity

Sera Investments & Finance India Limited (the ''Company'') is a Company domiciled in India, with its registered office situated at 206, S. F. Ashirwad Paras 1, Near Kanti Bharwad PMT Opposite Andaz Party Plot, Makarba Ahmedabad - 380051. The Company has been incorporated under the provisions of Companies Act, 2013. The Company is primarily involved in Investments activity. The company has been registered as a Core Investments Company (CIC) Specified NBFC with the Reserve Bank of India in terms of the regulation governing Non-Banking Financial Companies.

2. Basis of preparation

a. Statement of compliance with Ind AS

These financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendment) Rules, 2016 notified under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013 (the ''Act'') and other relevant provisions of the Act. The Company has adopted all the relevant Ind AS and the adoption was carried out in accordance with Ind AS 101, "First Time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards". The transition was carried out from Indian Accounting Principles generally accepted in India as prescribed under Section 133 of the Act, read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 (IGAAP), which was the previous GAAP. Reconciliation and description of the effect of the transition have been summarized in Note 29. The transition to Ind AS has resulted in changes in the presentation of the financial statements, disclosures in the notes thereto and accounting policies and principles. Details of Significant account€ing policies are included in the Note 3.

b. Functional and presentation currency

These financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR), which is also the functional currency.

Basis of Measurement

The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis.

c. Use of Estimates and Judgments:

In preparing these financial statements, management has made judgements, estimates, and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and

The reported amounts of assets, liabilities, incomes and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates:

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. They are based on historical experience and other factors including expectations of future events that may have a financial impact on the Company and that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Revisions to the accounting estimates are recognised prospectively.

Judgements:

Information about judgements made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognized in the financial statements is included in the respective note.

Assumptions and Estimation Uncertainties:

Information about assumptions andestimation uncertainties that have asignificant risk of resulting in amaterial adjustment within the next financial year are included in the respective note.

d. Measurement of Fair Values:

The Company has established control frame work with Respect to the measurement of

Fair values. The Company regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If third party information, such as broker quotes or pricing services, is used to measure fair values, then the Company assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that these valuations meet the requirements of Ind AS, including the level in fair value hierarchy in which the valuations should be classified.

Significant valuation issues are reported to the Company''s Board of Directors.

Fair values are categorized into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the

Level 1 - quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level2- inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

Level 3 - inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

Further information about the assumptions made in measuring fair values is included in the respective note.

3. Significant Accounting Policies

1. Financial Instruments

A. Financial Assets:

i.) Classification:

The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:

• Those measured at amortized cost and

• Those to be measured subsequently at either ''Fair value through other comprehensive income'' (FVTOCI) or ''Fair value through profit or loss'' (FVTPL).

The classification depends on the Company''s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

• A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL :

- the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

- the contractual terms of a financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of Principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

• A debt investment is measured at FVOCI if it meets both following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

- the asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and

- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

• Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

ii.) Mea surement

At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset when it becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments and measures at its fair value. Transaction costs are incremental costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in profit or loss.

Subsequent Measurement and Gains and Losses
Financial assets at FVTPL	These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains including any interest or dividend income, are recognized in profit or loss.
Financial assets at amortized cost	These assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The amortized cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on de-recognition is recognized in profit or loss.

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognized.

B. Financial Liabilities:

(i) Classification, Subsequent Measurement and Gains and losses

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at Historical cost. Government of Gujarat, in capacity of the Promoter of the company, provides investment funds in form of interest free loans having specific directions to invest in equity shares of Group Entities of the company in terms of CIC directions. Investment funds, released as loan by GoG, when received for investment in equity are recognized as financial liabilities. There exist an obligation, however, the terms and conditions do not specify that whether the loan is repayable on demand and also fixed repayment schedule is not specified. Considering the said fact it is not possible to value such financial liability at amortized cost.

ii) De-recognition

The Company derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognizes a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognized at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in the profit or loss.

C. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the Balance Sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Investments in associates is carried at cost in the separate financial statements. Subsidiaries are valued at Fair Value.

2. Property, P lant and Equipment

i. Recognition and Measurement

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost, which includes capitalized borrowing costs, less accumulated depreciation, and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost of bringing the item to its working condition for its intended use and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Useful lives have been determined in accordance with Schedule II to the Companies Act,2013. The residual values are not more than 5% of the original cost of the asset.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in profit or loss.

ii. Transition to Ind AS

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment recognized as at 1 April 2019, measured as per the previous GAAP, and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of such property, plant and equipment.

iii. Subsequent Expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company.

iv. Depreciation

Depreciation is calculated on cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives using the written down value method and is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Depreciation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted if appropriate. Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes that its estimates of useful lives best represent the period over which management expects to use these assets.

Depreciation on additions (disposals) is provided on a prorata basis i.e. from (up to) the date on which asset is ready for use (disposed of).

An item of Property, Plant and Equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of assets.

3. Impairment

i. Impairment of Financial Assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company uses ''Expected Credit Loss'' (ECL) model, fore valuating impairment of financial assets other than those measured at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL). At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether financial assets carried at amortized cost are credit impaired. A financial asset is ''credit- impaired'' when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.

Measurement of Expected Credit Losses

The 12-months expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from those default events on the financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date); or

Full lifetime expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the life of the financial instrument)

Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortized cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets.

Based on the above, the Company categorises its loans into Stage 1, Stage 2 and Stage 3, as described below:

Stage 1: When loans are first recognised, the Company recognises an allowance based on 12 months ECL Stage 1 loans includes those loans where there is no significant increase in credit risk observed and also

includes facilities where the credit risk has been improved and the loan has been reclassified from stage 2.

Stage 2: When a loan has shown a significant increase in credit risk since origination, the Company records an allowance for the life time ECL.

Stage 3: Loans considered credit impaired are the loans which are past due for more than 90 days. Borrowers are also classified under stage 3 bucket under instances like fraud identification and legal proceeding.

Further, stage 3 loan accounts are identified at customer level (i.e. a Stage 1 or 2 customer having other loans which are in Stage 3). The Company records an allowance for life time ECL.

There is a curing period with Stage 3 loan, where even if the DPD days are reduced by 90 days the same will not be upgraded to Stage 1 until the loan is 0 DPD.

ii. Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

The Company''s non-financial assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any

indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset''s recoverable amount is estimated.

An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

I n respect of assets for which impairment loss has been recognized in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the asset''s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

4. Employee Benefits

i. Short Term Employee Benefits

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided.

ii. Defined Contribution Plan

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions in to a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. The Company makes specified monthly contributions towards Government administered provident fund scheme. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized as an employee benefit expense in profit or loss in the periods during which the related services are rendered by employees.

Prepaid contributions are recognized as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in future payments is available.

iii. Defined Benefit Plan

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. The Company''s net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in the current and prior periods, discounting that amount using market yields at the end of reporting period on government bonds.

The calculation of defined benefit obligation is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. When the calculation results in a potential asset for the Company, the recognized asset is limited to the present value of economic benefits available in the form of any future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan (''the Asset Ceiling''). In order to calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any minimum funding requirements.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service (''past service cost'' or ''past service gain'')or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognized immediately in profit or loss. The Company recognizes gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.

Re-measurement of defined benefit plans in respect of post-employment are charged to the Other Comprehensive Income.

5. Provisions (other than Employee Benefits), Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present legal obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements. A contingent asset is neither recognized nor disclosed if inflow of economic benefit is probable.

6. Recognition of Dividend Income, Interest Income

Income from dividend is accounted as and when such dividend has been declared and the company''s right to receive payment is established.

Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis, taking in the account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

7. Income Tax

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination or to an item recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

(i) Current Tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any, related to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to setoff the recognized amounts, and it is intended to realize the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.

(ii) Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes.

Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different taxable entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.

8. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash and cheques in hand, bank balances, demand deposits with banks and other short

term highly liquid Investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value where original maturity is three months or less.

9. Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit after tax for the year attributable to equity share holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net profit attributable to equity share holders (after adjustment for diluted earnings) by average number of weighted equity shares outstanding during the year plus potential equity shares.

10. Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method where by the profit before tax is adjusted for the effect of the transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past and future operating cash receipts or payments and items of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

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Mar 31, 2023

3. Significant Accounting Policies

1. Financial Instruments

A. Financial Assets:

i.) Classification:

The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:

• I nose measured at amortized cost and

• Those to be measured subsequently at either ''Fair value through other comprehensive income''(FVTOCI) or''Fair value through profit or loss'' (FVTPL).

The classification depends on the Company''s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

• A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

- the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

- the contractual terms of a financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of Principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

• A debt investment is measured at FVOCI if it meets both following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

- the asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and

- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

• Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

ii.) Measurement

At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset when it becomes a party to the contractual provisions ofthe instruments and measures at its fair value.Transaction costs are incremental costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss

ar^ in nrnfif nr ln«

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognized.

B. Financial Liabilities:

(i) Classification, Subsequent Measurement and Gains and losses

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at Historical cost. Government of Gujarat, in capacity of the Promoter of the company, provides investment funds in form of interest free loans having specific directions to invest in equity shares of Group Entities of the company in terms of CIC directions. Investment funds, released as loan by GoG, when received for investment in equity are recognized as financial liabilities. There exist an obligation, however, the terms and conditions do not specify that whether the loan is repayable on demand and also fixed repayment schedule is not specified. Considering the said fact it is not possible to value such financial liability at amortized cost.

ii) De-recognition

The Company derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognizes a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognized at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in the profit or loss.

C. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the Balance Sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Investments in associates is carried at cost in the separate financial statements. Subsidiaries are valued at Fair Value.

2. Property, Plant and Equipment

i. Recognition and Measurement

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost, which includes capitalized borrowing costs, less accumulated depreciation, and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost of bringing the item to its working condition for its intended use and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Useful lives have been determined in accordance with Schedule II to the Companies Act,2013.The residual values are not more than 5% of the original cost of the asset.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in profit or loss.

ii. Transition to Ind AS

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment recognized as at 1 April 2019, measured as per the previous GAAP, and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of such property, plant and equipment.

iii. Subsequent Expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company.

iv. Depreciation

Depreciation is calculated on cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives using the written down value method and is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Depreciation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted if appropriate. Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes that its estimates of useful lives best represent the period over which management expects to use these assets. Depreciation on additions (disposals) is provided on a prorata basis i.e. from (up to) the date on which asset is ready for use (disposed of).

An item of Property, Plant and Equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of assets.

3. Impairment

i. Impairment of Financial Assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company uses''Expected Credit Loss'' (ECL) model, fore valuating impairment of financial assets other than those measured at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL). At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether financial assets carried at amortized cost are credit impaired. A financial asset is ''credit- impaired'' when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.

Measurement of Expected Credit Losses

The 12-months expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from those default events on the financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date); or

Full lifetime expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the life of the financial instrument)

Loss allowances forfinancial assets measured at amortized cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets.

ii. Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

The Company''s non-financial assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset''s recoverable amount is estimated.

An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

In respect of assets for which impairment loss has been recognized in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the asset''s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

4. Employee Benefits

i. ShortTerm Employee Benefits

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided.

ii. Defined Contribution Plan

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions in to a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. The Company makes specified monthly contributions towards Government administered provident fund scheme. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized as an employee benefit expense in profit or loss in the periods during which the related services are rendered by employees.

Prepaid contributions are recognized as an asset to the extentthata cash refund ora reduction in future payments is available.

iii. Defined Benefit Plan

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. The Company''s net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in the current and prior periods, discounting that amount using market yields at the end of reporting period on government bonds.

The calculation of defined benefit obligation is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. When the calculation results in a potential asset for the Company, the recognized asset is limited to the present value of economic benefits available in the form of any future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan (''the Asset Ceiling''). In order to calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any minimum funding requirements.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan

is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service (''past service cost''or''past service gain'')or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognized immediately in profit or loss. The Company recognizes gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.

Re-measurement of defined benefit plans in respect of post-employment arecharged to theOther Comprehensive Income.

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Mar 31, 2014

1. Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention, except for certain fixed assets which are re-valued, in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India and the provisions of the Companies Act.1956.

2. Recognition of Income & Expenditure

(a) Revenue / Income and Cost / Expenditure are generally accounted on accrual as they are earned or incurred.

3. Use of Estimates

The preparation of Financial Statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known / materialized.

4. Taxation

Provision for taxation has been made after considering disallowable, exemptions and deductions as per the law as laid down and interpreted by various authorities.

5. Provisions Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be outflow resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the notes. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed.

6. Impairment of Assets

An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of asset exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the Profit & Loss account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.

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Mar 31, 2012

1. Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention, except for certain fixed assets which are re-valued, in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India and the provisions of the Companies Act.1956.

2. Recognition of Income & Expenditure

(a) Revenue / Income and Cost / Expenditure are generally accounted on accrual as they are earned or incurred.

(b) Sale of goods is recognized on transfer of significant risk and rewards of ownership which is generally on the despatch of goods.

3. Use of Estimates

The preparation of Financial Statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known / materialized.

4. Fixed Assets

All the fixed assets have been stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation.

5. Depreciation

The Company provided Depreciation on straight line method at the rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

6. Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value.

7. Investments

Investments have been stated at cost and provision is made to recognize any diminutions in value, other than that of temporary nature.

8. Taxation

Provision for taxation has been made after considering disallowable, exemptions and deductions as per the law as laid down and interpreted by various authorities.

Deferred Tax is recognized subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods.

9. Employee Benefit

a] There is no defined contribution plan.

b] Defined Benefits — The Company's liability towards gratuity and leave encashment are determined on basis of actuarial valuation.

10. Provisions Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be outflow resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the notes. Contingent Assets are neither recognized nor disclosed.

11. Impairment of Assets

An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of asset exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the Profit & Loss account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.

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Mar 31, 2011

1. Basis of Accounting.

The accounts have been prepared on historical cost basis of accounting. The Company adopts accrual system of accounting unless stated otherwise.

2. Expenses.

It is the Company's Policy to provide for all expenses on accrual basis.

3. Fixed Assets.

All the fixed assets have been valued at historical cost less accumulated depreciation.

4. Depreciation.

The Company provided Depreciation on straight line method at the rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

5. Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value.

6. Investments.

Investments have been stated at cost and provision is made to recognize any dimunision in value, other than that of temporary nature.

7. Taxation.

Provision for taxation has been made after considering disallowables, exemptions and deductions as per the law as laid down and interpreted by various authorities.

Deferred Tax is recognised subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods.

8. Employee Benefit.

a] There is no defined contribution plan.

b] Defined Benefits - The company's liability towards gratuity and leave encashment are determined on basis of acturial valuation.

9. Provisions Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be outflow resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed in the notes. Contingent Assets are neither recognised nor disclosed.

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Mar 31, 2010

1. Basis of Accounting.

The accounts have been prepared on historical cost basis of accounting. The Company adopts accrual system of accounting unless stated otherwise.

2. Expenses.

It is the Companys Policy to provide for all expenses on accrual basis.

3. Fixed Assets.

All the fixed assets have been valued at historical cost less accumulated depreciation.

4. Depreciation.

The Company provided Depreciation on straight line method at the rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

5. Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value.

6. Investments.

Investments have been stated at cost and provision is made to recognize any dimunision in value, other than that of temporary nature.

7. Taxation.

Provision for taxation has been made after considering disallowables, exemptions and deductions as per the law as laid down and interpreted by various authorities.

Deferred Tax is recognised subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods.

8. Employee Benefit.

a] There is no defined contribution plan.

b] Defined Benefits - The companys liability towards gratuity and leave encashment are determined on basis of acturial valuation.

9. Provisions Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be outflow resources. Contingent Liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed in the notes. Contingent Assets are neither recognised nor disclosed.