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Accounting Policies of Greaves Cotton Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2022

1. General Information:

Greaves Cotton Limited (the ''Company'') is engaged in manufacturing of engines, engine applications and trading of power tillers, spares related to engines, electric vehicles and infrastructure equipment etc. The Company has manufacturing facilities in the states of Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. The products are mainly sold in India with some export to Middle East, Africa & South East Asia Region. The Company has two direct and two indirect subsidiaries.

The Company is public limited company incorporated and domiciled in India. The address of its corporate office is Unit No. 701, 7^th Floor, Tower 3, Equinox Business Park, LBS Marg, Kurla (West), Mumbai - 400 070.

These Financial statements for the year ended 31â March 2022 were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 12^th May 2022.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:

2.1. Statement of compliance:

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 read with Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013.

2.2. Basis of preparation and presentation:

The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below.

Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.

In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised into Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:

â¢ Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;

â¢ Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and

â¢ Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

2.3. Non-current assets held for sale:

Non-current assets are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such asset and its sale is highly probable.

Non-current assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

2.4. Revenue recognition:

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable.

Consequent to the introduction of Goods and Service Tax (GST) with effect from 1" July 2017, Central Excise, Value Added Tax (VAT) etc. have been subsumed into GST. In accordance with Ind-AS 115 on Revenue and Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013, unlike Excise Duties, levies like GST, VAT etc. are not part of Revenue.

2.4.1. Sale of goods:

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the goods are delivered and titles have passed, at which time all the following conditions are satisfied:

â¢ the Company is recognising revenue as and when it satisfies the performance obligation by transferring promised goods to a customer and customer obtains control of the same;

â¢ the Company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;

â¢ the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;

â¢ it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company;

â¢ the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

2.4.2. Rendering of services:

Revenue in respect of services is recognised in the accounting year in which the services are performed in accordance with the terms of contract with customers.

2.4.3. Dividend and interest income:

Dividend income from investments is recognised when the Company''s right to receive payment has been established.

Interest income from a financial assets is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefit will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable.

2.5. Foreign currencies:

Items included in the financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates (''the functional currency''). These financial statements are presented in Indian rupee (INR), which is the Company''s functional and presentation currency. Transactions in currencies other than the Company''s functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognised at the rate of exchange prevailing at the dates of transactions. At the end of each reporting period monetary item denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date.

Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss in the year in which they arise except for exchange differences arising on marking forward contracts to market rates are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss in the year in which they arise and the premium paid/received is accounted as expenses/ income over the period of contract.

2.6. Borrowing cost:

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets till such time the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily requires a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the year in which they are incurred.

2.7. Employee benefits:

2.7.1. Defined Contribution Plans:

The eligible employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits under provident fund schemes defined contribution plans, in which both employees and the Company make monthly contributions at a specified percentage of the employees'' salary. The contributions are paid to the respective Regional Provident Fund Commissioner and the Central Provident Fund under the State Pension scheme. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner and the Central Provident Fund under the State Pension scheme.

Contribution to Superannuation Fund and National Pension Scheme, a defined contribution scheme, is made at pre-determined rates to the Superannuation Fund managed by Life Insurance Corporation and various asset management companies under National Pension Scheme and is charged to the Statement of profit and loss. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the Superannuation Fund & National Pension Scheme.

2.7.2. Defined Benefit Plans:

For defined benefit retirement plans (i.e. gratuity and ex-gratia) the cost of providing benefits is determined using the projected unit credit method, with independent actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period. Re-measurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling and the return on plan assets (excluding interest), is reflected immediately in the statement of financial position with a charge or credit recognised in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Defined benefit costs are categorised as follows:

â¢ service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements);

â¢ net interest expense or income; and

â¢ re-measurement.

2.7.3. Compensated Absences:

Compensated absences which accrue to employees and which are expected to be availed within twelve months immediately following the year end are reported as expenses during

the year in which the employee performs the service that the benefit covers and the liabilities are reported at the undiscounted amount of the benefit, and where the availment or encashment is otherwise not expected to wholly occur within the next twelve months, the liability on account of the benefit is actuarially determined using the projected unit credit method.

2.8. Share-based payment arrangements:

The stock options granted to employees pursuant to the Company''s Stock Options Schemes, are measured at the fair value of the options at the grant date. The fair value of the options is treated as discount and accounted as employee compensation cost over the vesting period on a straight line basis. The amount recognised as expense in each year is arrived at based on the number of grants expected to vest. If a grant lapses after the vesting period, the cumulative discount recognised as expense in respect of such grant is transferred to the General reserve within equity. The share based payment equivalent to the fair value as on the date of grant of employee stock options granted to key managerial personnel is disclosed as a related party transaction in the year of grant.

2.9. Goods and Service Tax (GST) paid on incurring expenses or on acquisition of assets:

Expenses and Assets are recognised net of the amount of GST, except

a. When the tax incurred on purchase of expenses or assets is not recoverable from the taxation authority, in which case, the tax paid is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense item, as applicable.

b. The net amount of tax receivable/payable is included as part of other assets or other liabilities, as the case may be.

2.10. Taxation:

2.10.1. Current tax:

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from "profit before tax" as reported in the Statement of profit and loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company''s current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted for the reporting period.

2.10.2. Deferred tax:

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of

assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting year.

2.10.3. Current and deferred tax for the year:

Current and deferred tax are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income.

2.11. Earnings per share:

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period and for all periods presented is adjusted for events (such as bonus shares, share-based payment arrangements), if any, other than the conversion of potential equity shares that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding without a corresponding change in resources. For calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

2.12. Dividends:

Final dividends on shares are recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the shareholders and interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the Company''s Board of Directors.

2.13. Property, plant and equipment:

Cost includes inward freight, taxes (other than taxes recoverable from tax authorities) and expenses incidental to acquisition and installation, up to the point the asset is ready for its intended use. Own manufactured assets are capitalised at factory cost. Certain project related direct expenses, incurred at site for the period upto the date of commencement of commercial production are capitalised.

Depreciation on fixed assets is provided under the straight line method over the useful life of the assets. Extra shift depreciation is provided based on number of shifts for which the plant has worked. Leasehold land is amortised over the primary period of the lease. Leasehold building improvements are written off over the period of lease or their estimated useful life, whichever is lower, on a straight line basis. Residual value of the assets is estimated at 5% of cost. The useful lives of the assets of the Company are as follows:

Asset	Useful lives
Leasehold land	Over lease period
Leasehold improvements	Over lease period
Buildings	30 years
Plant & equipment	15 years
Office equipment	5 years
Furniture and fixtures	10 years
Vehicles	8 years

When an asset is scrapped or otherwise disposed off, the cost and related depreciation are removed from the books and the resultant profit or loss (including capital profit), if any, is reflected in the Statement of profit and loss.

The estimated useful life and residual value is reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

2.14. Business Combinations:

Business combinations, if any are accounted by using the acquisition method as per Ind AS 103 ''Business Combination''. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the consideration transferred measured at fair value on acquisition date and the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree. Acquisition related costs are expensed as incurred. Goodwill is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the net acquisition cost and any previous interest held, over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities

assumed. If the fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the net cost of acquisition, then the gain is recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity as capital reserve. However, if there is no clear evidence of bargain purchase, the Company recognises the gain directly in equity as capital reserve, without routing the same through OCI.

2.15. Investment Property:

Investment properties are properties held to earn rentals and/or for capital appreciation. Investment properties are measured initially at cost including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition investment properties are measured in accordance with Ind AS 16''s requirements for cost model.

An investment property is de-recognised upon disposal or when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefits are expected from the disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the property (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of profit and loss in the year in which the property is de-recognised.

Investment property owned by the Company is depreciated under the straight line method.

2.16. Leases:

At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

At the date of commencement of a lease, the Company recognises a right-of-use asset ("ROU assets") and a corresponding lease liability for all leases, except for short term leases and low value leases. Certain lease arrangements include the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. Lease payments to be made under such reasonably certain extension options are included in the measurement of ROU assets and lease liabilities. ROU assets are amortised on a straight-line basis over the asset''s useful life or the lease period whichever is shorter

Lease liability is measured by discounting the lease payments using the interest rate of the incremental borrowing. Lease liabilities are re-measured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right-of-use asset if the Company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option.

Impairment of ROU assets is in accordance with the policy for impairment of non- financial assets.

Effective 1â April 2019, the Company adopted Ind AS 116 "Leases" and applied the standard to all lease contracts existing on 1â April 2019 using the modified retrospective method and has taken the cumulative adjustment to retained earnings, on the date of initial application.

The Company has opted for exemption provided under Ind AS 116 for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets, hence the lease payments associated with those leases are treated as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

2.17. Intangible assets:

2.17.1. Intangible assets internally generated or acquired separately:

Own developed intangible assets are capitalised at actual cost. Cost includes all expenses incurred for development of the intangible asset, up to the point the asset is ready for its intended use. Research costs are charged to the Statement of profit and loss in the year in which they are incurred. Product development costs incurred on new engine platform, engines, transmission and new products are recognised as intangible assets, when feasibility has been established, the Company has committed technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and it is probable that asset will generate future economic benefits. The costs capitalized include the cost of materials, direct labour and directly attributable overhead expenditure incurred up to the date the asset is available for use.

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately or own developed are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

Amortisation is recognised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and residual value is reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

2.17.2. Derecognition of intangible asset:

An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

2.17.3. Useful life of intangible assets:

Estimated useful lives of the intangible assets are as follows:

i) Technical know-how is amortised over a period of 5 years.

ii) Product development is amortised over a period of 3 to 5 years.

iii) Computer software is amortised over a period of 4 years.

2.18.1 impairment of tangible and intangible assets other than goodwill:

Property, Plant and equipment and intangible assets with finite life are evaluated for recoverability whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount (i.e. higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the cash generating unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.

2.19. Inventories:

Inventories are valued, after providing for obsolescence, as under:

a. Raw materials, stores, spares, packing materials, loose tools and traded goods at weighted average cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower.

b. Work-in-progress at lower of weighted average cost including conversion cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower.

c. Finished goods at lower of weighted average cost including conversion cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower.

2.20. Provisions:

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.

When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, a receivable is recognised as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably.

2.21. Warranties:

Provisions for the expected cost of warranty obligations are recognised at the date of sale of the relevant products, at the management''s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the Company''s obligation.

2.22. Financial instrument:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

2.23. Financial asset:

All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognised and derecognised on a trade date basis. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place.

All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortised cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets.

2.23.1. Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL):

Financial assets at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any gains or losses arising on re-measurement recognised in the Statement of profit and loss. The net gain or loss recognised in the Statement of profit and loss incorporates any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset and is included in the ''Other income/Other Expenses'' line item. Dividend on financial assets at FVTPL is recognised when the Company''s right to receive the dividends is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity and the amount of dividend can be measured reliably.

2.23.2. Impairment of financial assets:

The Company applies the expected credit loss model for recognising impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortised cost, lease receivables, trade receivables, other contractual rights to receive cash or other financial asset, and financial guarantees not designated as at FVTPL.

For trade receivables or any contractual rights to receive cash or another financial asset that results from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 115, the Company always measures their allowances at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses.

Further, for the purpose of measuring lifetime expected credit loss allowance for trade receivable, the Company has used a practical expedient as permitted under Ind AS 109. This expected credit loss allowance is computed based on a provision matrix which takes into account historical credit loss experience and adjusted for forward-looking information.

2.23.3. Derecognition of financial assets:

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.

2.23.4. Foreign exchange gains and losses:

The fair value of financial assets denominated in a foreign currency is determined in that foreign currency and translated at the spot rate at the end of each reporting period.

For foreign currency denominated financial assets measured at amortised cost and FVTPL, exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss, except for those which are designated as hedging instruments in a hedging relationship.

2.23.5. Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, demand deposits with banks and other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Bank overdrafts, if any are shown as borrowings under current financial liabilities.

2.24. Financial liabilities:

Financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost or at FVTPL.

2.24.1. Financial liabilities at FVTPL:

Financial liabilities such as derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument are classified as at FVTPL.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in the Statement of profit and loss. The net gain or loss recognised in the Statement of profit and loss is included in the ''other income/ expense'' line item.

2.24.2. F inancial liabilities subsequently measured at amortised cost:

Financial liabilities that are not held for trading and are not designated as at FVTPL are measured at amortised cost.

2.24.3. Foreign exchange gains and losses:

For financial liabilities that are denominated in a foreign currency and are measured at amortised cost at the end of each reporting period, the foreign exchange gains or losses are determined based on the amortised cost of the instruments and are recognised in ''Other income/Other Expenses''.

The fair value of financial liabilities denominated in foreign currency is determined in that foreign currency and translated at the spot rate at the end of the reporting period. For financial liabilities that are measured at FVTPL, the foreign exchange component forms part of the fair value gains or losses and is recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.

2.24.4. Derecognition of financial liabilities:

The Company de-recognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company''s obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired.

2.25. Derivative financial instruments:

The Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to manage its exposure of foreign exchange rate risks.

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value at the date the derivative contracts are entered into and are subsequently remeasured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognised in the Statement of profit and loss immediately.

2.26. Contingent liabilities and contingent assets:

Contingent liability is disclosed in the case of:

i) a present obligation arising from a past event, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation

ii) a present obligation when no reliable estimate is possible, and

iii) a possible obligation, arising from past events where the probability of outflow of resources is not remote.

Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed.

Contingent liabilities are reviewed at each balance sheet date and updated/recognised as appropriate.

3.1. Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty:

In the application of the Company''s accounting policies, which are described in Note 2, the management of the Company are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

In the following areas the management of the Company has made critical judgements and estimates:

a. Employee Benefits:

The present value of the defined benefit obligations depends on a number of factors that are determined on an actuarial basis using a number of assumptions. The assumptions used in determining the net cost (income) for post employments plans include the discount rate. Any changes in these assumptions will impact the carrying amount of such obligations.

The Company determines the appropriate discount rate at the end of each year. This is the interest rate that should be used to determine the present value of estimated future cash outflows expected to be required to settle the defined benefit obligations. In determining the appropriate discount rate, the Company considers the interest rates of government bonds of maturity approximating the terms of the related plan liability.

b. Useful lives of property, plant and equipment & intangible assets (Including Intangible Asset under development):

The Company reviews the useful life of property, plant and equipment & intangible assets at the end of each reporting period. This reassessment may result in change in depreciation expense in future periods.

The Company''s assessment of carrying value of intangible under development have inherent challenge with accurately predicting the future economic benefits which includes estimate of volume projection, margin, regulatory changes, expected capital expenditure for production phase and judgement around the probability of acceptance of technology/new product. Estimate and judgement around these inputs are critical to assess the carrying value of assets. The Company undertakes, significant levels of research and development activities for engine development and its various uses. A periodic review is undertaken during the life cycle of the engine. The Company applies judgement to determine the point at which the recognition criteria under accounting standard is satisfied.

c. Provision for warranty:

The Company gives warranties for its products, undertaking to repair or replace the items that fail to perform satisfactorily during the warranty period. Provision made at the year-end represents the amount of expected cost of meeting such obligations of rectification/replacement. The timing of the outflows is expected to be within a period of nine to sixty six months.

d. Provisions and Contingent Liabilities:

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions (excluding retirement benefits and compensated absences) are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent liabilities are not recognised in the financial

statements. A contingent asset is neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial statements.

e. Impairment of Investment in Subsidiary:

The investments in subsidiaries are carried at cost and was tested for impairment in accordance with provisions applicable to impairment of non-financial assets. The recoverable amount is determined based on value in use. The determination of recoverable amount involves significant judgements such as future projection of revenue, EBITDA, weighted average cost of capital and terminal growth.

The recoverable amount is significantly dependant on achievement of revenue growth and any change in revenue growth projection could have an impact on recoverable value. The management has considered 5 year revenue CAGR of 55%.

Based on the above, no impairment was identified as of 31^st March 2022 as the recoverable amount is higher than carrying value.

f. Recoverability assessment of Assets:

In assessing the recoverability of assets such as intangible assets (including intangible assets under development), investments, inventories, trade receivables and other assets, based on current indicators of future economic conditions the Company expects to recover the carrying amounts of its assets. The impact of the global health pandemic, COVID 19, may be different from that presently estimated and would be recognised in the financial statements when material changes to economic conditions arise.

3.2. Standards issued but not yet effective

Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies new standard or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. On 23" March 2022, MCA amended the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2022, applicable from 1â April 2022, as below:

a. Ind AS 103 - Reference to Conceptual Framework

The amendments specifiy that to qualify for recognition as part of applying the acquisition method, the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed must meet the definitions of assets and liabilities in the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting under Indian Accounting Standards (Conceptual Framework) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India at the acquisition date. These changes do not significantly change the requirements of Ind AS 103. The Company does not expect the amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.

b. Ind AS 16 - Proceeds before intended use

The amendments mainly prohibit an entity from deducting from the cost of property, plant and equipment amounts received from selling items produced while the company is preparing the asset for its intended use. Instead, an entity will recognise such sales proceeds and related cost in profit or loss. The Company does not expect the amendments to have any impact in its recognition of its property, plant and equipment in its financial statements.

c. Ind AS 37 - Onerous Contracts - Costs of Fulfilling a Contract

The amendments specify that the ''cost of fulfilling'' a contract comprises the ''costs that relate directly to the contract''. Costs that relate directly to a contract can either be incremental costs of fulfilling that contract (examples would be direct labour, materials) or an allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling

contracts. The amendment is essentially a clarification and the Company does not expect the amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.

d. Ind AS 109 - Annual Improvements to Ind AS (2021)

The amendment clarifies the treatment of any cost or fees incurred by an entity in the process of derecognition of financial liability in case of repurchase of the debt instrument by the issuer. The Company does not expect the amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.

e. Ind AS 106 - Annual Improvements to Ind AS (2021)

The amendments remove the illustration of the reimbursement of leasehold improvements by the lessor in order to resolve any potential confusion regarding the treatment of lease incentives that might arise because of how lease incentives were described in that illustration. The Company does not expect the amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.

Mar 31, 2018

1.1. Statement of compliance:

1.2. Basis of preparation and presentation:

Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.

- Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;

- Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and

- Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

1.3. Non-current assets held for sale:

Non-current assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

1.4. Revenue recognition:

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable.

Consequent to the introduction of Goods and Service Tax (GST) with effect from 1st July 2017, Central Excise, Value Added Tax (VAT) etc. have been subsumed into GST. In accordance with Ind-AS 18 on Revenue and Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013, unlike Excise Duties, levies like GST, VAT etc. are not part of Revenue.

1.4.1. Sale of goods:

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the goods are delivered and titles have passed, at which time all the following conditions are satisfied:

- the Company has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of goods;

- the Company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;

- the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;

- it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company;

- the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

1.4.2. Rendering of services:

Revenue in respect of service is recognised in the accounting year in which when services are performed in accordance with the terms of contract with customers.

1.4.3. Dividend and interest income:

Dividend income from investments is recognised when the Companyâs right to receive payment has been established.

Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefit will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable.

1.5. Foreign currencies:

Items included in the financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates (âthe functional currencyâ). These financial statements are presented in Indian rupee (INR), which is the Companyâs functional and presentation currency. Transactions in currencies other than the Companyâs functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognised at the rate of exchange prevailing at the dates of transactions. At the end of each reporting period monetary item denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date.

Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which they arise except for exchange differences arising on marking forward contracts to market rates are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which they arise and the premium paid/ received is accounted as expenses/ income over the period of contract.

1.6. Borrowing cost:

1.7. Employee benefits:

1.7.1. Defined Contribution plans:

The eligible employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits under provident fund schemes defined contribution plans, in which both employees and the Company make monthly contributions at a specified percentage of the employeesâ salary. The contributions are paid to the respective Regional Provident Fund Commissioner and the Central Provident Fund under the State Pension scheme. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner and the Central Provident Fund under the State Pension scheme.

Contribution to Superannuation Fund and National Pension Scheme, a defined contribution scheme, is made at predetermined rates to the Superannuation Fund managed by Life Insurance Corporation and various asset management companies under National Pension Scheme and is charged to the statement of profit and loss. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the Superannuation Fund & National Pension Scheme.

1.7.2. Defined Benefit Plans:

- service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements);

- net interest expense or income; and

- re-measurement.

1.7.3. Compensated Absences:

Compensated absences which accrue to employees and which are expected to be availed within twelve months immediately following the year end are reported as expenses during the year in which the employee performs the service that the benefit covers and the liabilities are reported at the undiscounted amount of the benefit, and where the availment or encashment is otherwise not expected to wholly occur within the next twelve months, the liability on account of the benefit is actuarially determined using the projected unit credit method.

1.8. Taxation:

1.8.1. Current tax:

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from âprofit before taxâ as reported in the statement of profit and loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Companyâs current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted by the end of the reporting period.

1.8.2. Deferred tax:

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised.

1.8.3. Current and deferred tax for the year:

Current and deferred tax are recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income.

1.9. Property, plant and equipment:

Cost includes inward freight, taxes and expenses incidental to acquisition and installation, up to the point the asset is ready for its intended use. Own manufactured assets are capitalised at factory cost. Certain project related direct expenses, incurred at site for the period upto the date of commencement of commercial production are capitalised.

The estimated useful life and residual value is reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

1.10. Investment Property:

An investment property is de-recognised upon disposal or when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefits are expected from the disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the property (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the property is de-recognised.

Investment property owned by the Company is depreciated under the straight line method over its estimated useful life of 30 years.

1.11. Intangible assets:

1.11.1. Intangible assets acquired separately:

Own developed intangible assets are capitalised at actual cost. Cost includes all expenses incurred for development of the intangible asset, up to the point the asset is ready for its intended use.

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately or own developed are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation is recognised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and residual value is reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

1.11.2. Derecognition of intangible asset:

An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

1.11.3. useful life of intangible assets:

Estimated useful lives of the intangible assets are as follows:

(i) Technical know-how is amortised over a period of 5 years.

(ii) Product development is amortised over a period of 3 to 5 years.

(iii) Computer software is amortised over a period of 4 years.

1.12. Impairment of tangible and intangible assets other than goodwill:

1.13. Inventories:

Inventories are valued, after providing for obsolescence, as under:

a. Raw materials, stores, spares, packing materials, loose tools and traded goods at weighted average cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower.

b. Work-in-progress at lower of weighted average cost including conversion cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower.

c. Finished goods at lower of weighted average cost including conversion cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower.

1.14. provisions:

1.15. Warranties:

Provisions for the expected cost of warranty obligations are recognised at the date of sale of the relevant products, at the managementâs best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the Companyâs obligation.

1.16. Financial instrument:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

1.17. Financial asset:

All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortised cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets

1.17.1. Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL):

Financial assets at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any gains or losses arising on re-measurement recognised in the statement of profit and loss. The net gain or loss recognised in the statement of profit and loss incorporates any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset and is included in the âOther income / Other Expensesâ line item. Dividend on financial assets at FVTPL is recognised when the Companyâs right to receive the dividends is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity and the amount of dividend can be measured reliably.

1.17.2. Impairment of financial assets:

For trade receivables or any contractual rights to receive cash or another financial assets that results from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 18, the Company always measures their allowances at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses.

1.17.3. Derecognition of financial assets:

1.17.4. Foreign exchange gains and losses:

The fair value of financial assets denominated in a foreign currency is determined in that foreign currency and translated at the spot rate at the end of each reporting period.

For foreign currency denominated financial assets measured at amortised cost and FVTPL, exchange differences are recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for those which are designated as hedging instruments in a hedging relationship.

1.18. Financial liabilities:

Financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost or at FVTPL.

1.18.1. Financial liabilities at FVTPL:

Financial liabilities such as derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument are classified as at FVTPL.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in the statement of profit and loss. The net gain or loss recognised in the statement of profit and loss is included in the âother income / expenseâ line item.

1.18.2. Financial liabilities subsequently measured at amortised cost:

Financial liabilities that are not held for trading and are not designated as at FVTPL are measured at amortised cost.

1.18.3. Foreign exchange gains and losses:

For financial liabilities that are dominated in a foreign currency and are measured at amortised cost at the end of each reporting period, the foreign exchange gains or losses are determined based on the amortised cost of the instruments and are recognised in âOther income/ Other Expensesâ.

The fair value of financial liabilities dominated in foreign currency is determined in that foreign currency and translated at the spot rate at the end of the reporting period. For financial liabilities that are measured at FVTPL, the foreign exchange component forms part of the fair value gains or losses and is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

1.18.4. Derecognition of financial liabilities:

The Company de-recognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Companyâs obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired.

1.19. Derivative financial instruments:

The Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to manage its exposure of foreign exchange rate risks.

1.20. Contingent liabilities and contingent assets:

Contingent liability is disclosed in the case of:

(i) a present obligation arising from a past event, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation

(ii) a present obligation when no reliable estimate is possible, and

(iii) a possible obligation, arising from past events where the probability of outflow of resources is not remote.

Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed.

Contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date and updated / recognised as appropriate.

Mar 31, 2017

1. general information:

Greaves Cotton Limited (the ''Company'') is engaged in manufacturing of engines, engine applications and trading of power tillers, spares related to engines and construction equipment / infrastructure equipment etc. The Company has manufacturing facilities in the states of Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. The products are mainly sold in India with some export to Middle East, Africa & South East Asia Region. The Company has one direct and two indirect subsidiaries.

2. The Company has adopted Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) as notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs with effect from 1st April 2016, with a transition date of 1st April 2015. The adoption of Ind AS has been carried out in accordance with Ind AS 101, First time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards. Ind AS 101 requires that all Ind AS standards and interpretations that are issued and effective for the first Ind AS financial statements for the year ended 31st March 2017, be applied retrospectively and consistently for all financial years presented. However, in preparing these Ind AS financial statements, the Company has availed of certain exemptions and exceptions in accordance with Ind AS 101, as explained in notes. The resulting difference between the carrying values of the assets and liabilities in the financial statements as at the transition date under Ind AS and Previous GAAP have been recognized directly in retained earnings.

3. summary of significant accounting policies:

3.1 Statement of compliance:

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Ind AS notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015.

Up to the year ended 31st March 2016, the Company prepared its financial statements in accordance with the requirements of previous GAAP, which included Standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006. These are the Company''s first Ind AS financial statements. The date of transition to Ind AS is 1st April 2015. Refer Note 46 for the details of first-time adoption exemptions availed by the Company.

3.2 Basis of preparation and presentation

Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.

I n addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorized into Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:

- Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;

- Level 2 inputs are inputs, other that quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and

- Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current and non-current as per normal operating cycle of the Company and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on nature of products / services, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

3.3 Non-current assets held for sale

Non-current assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

3.4 Revenue recognition:

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable.

3.4.1 Sale of goods:

Revenue is inclusive of excise duty and net of value added taxes, service tax, rebates and other similar allowances. Revenue from the sale of goods is recognized when the goods are delivered and titles have passed, at which time all the following conditions are satisfied:

- the Company has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of goods;

- the Company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;

- the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;

- it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company;

- the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

3.4.2 Rendering of services:

Revenue in respect of service is recognized in the accounting year in which the services are performed, in accordance with the terms of contract with customers.

3.4.3 Dividend and interest income:

Dividend income from investments is recognized when the Company''s right to receive payment has been established.

Interest income from a financial asset is recognized when it is probable that the economic benefit will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable.

3.5 Foreign currencies:

Items included in the financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates (''the functional currency''). These financial statements are presented in Indian rupee (Rs.), which is the Company''s functional and presentation currency. Transactions in currencies other than the Company''s functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognized at the rate of exchange prevailing at the dates of transactions. At the end of each reporting period monetary item denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at that date.

Exchange differences on monetary items are recognized in profit and loss in the year in which they arise except for exchange differences arising on marking forward contracts to market rates are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which they arise and the premium paid / received is accounted as expense / income over the period of the contract.

3.6 Borrowing cost

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets till such time the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily requires a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the year in which they are incurred.

3.7 Employee benefits:

3.7.1 Defined Contribution Plans:

Contribution to Superannuation Fund, a defined contribution scheme, is made at pre-determined rates to the Superannuation Fund, Life Insurance Corporation and is charged to the Statement of profit and loss. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the Superannuation Fund.

3.7.2 Defined Benefit Plans:

For defined benefit retirement plans (i.e. gratuity and ex-gratia) the cost of providing benefits is determined using the projected unit credit method, with independent actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period. Re-measurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling and the return on plan assets (excluding interest), is reflected immediately in the statement of financial position with a charge or credit recognized in other comprehensive income in the year in which they occur. Defined benefit costs are categorized as follows:

- service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements);

- net interest expense or income; and

- re-measurement.

3.7.3 Compensated Absences

3.8 Taxation:

3.8.1 Current tax:

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from "profit before tax" as reported in the statement of profit and loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible The Company''s current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

3.8.2 Deferred tax:

Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilized.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting year.

3.8.3 current and deferred tax for the year:

Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit and loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income.

3.9 property, plant and equipment:

For transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of its property, plant and equipment recognized as at 1st April 2015 (transition date) measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.

Cost includes purchase price, inward freight, taxes and expenses incidental to acquisition and installation, up to the point the asset is ready for its intended use. Own manufactured assets are capitalized at factory cost. Certain project related direct expenses, incurred at site for the period up to the date of commencement of commercial production are capitalized.

Depreciation on fixed assets is provided under the straight line method over the useful life of the assets. Extra shift depreciation is provided based on number of shifts for which the plant has worked. Leasehold land is amortized over the primary period of the lease. Leasehold building improvements are written off over the period of lease or their estimated useful life, whichever is lower, on a straight line basis. Residual value of the assets is estimated at 5% of cost. The useful lives of the assets of the Company are as follows:

The estimated useful life and residual value is reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

3.10 Investment property:

For transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of its Investment property recognized as at 1st April 2015 (transition date) measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.

An investment property is de-recognized upon disposal or when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefits are expected from the disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de-recognition of the property (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in profit and loss in the year in which the property is de-recognized.

Investment property owned by the Company is depreciated under the straight line method over its estimated useful life of 30 years.

3.11 Intangible assets:

3.11.1 Intangible assets acquired separately:

For transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its intangible assets recognized as at 1st April 2015 (transition date) measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Amortization is recognized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and residual value is reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

3.11.2 De-recognition of intangible asset:

An intangible asset is de-recognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from de-recognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, are recognized in profit and loss when the asset is de-recognized.

3.11.3 Useful life of intangible assets:

Estimated useful lives of the intangibles assets are as follows:

i) Technical know-how / product development is amortized over a period of five years.

ii) Computer software is amortized over a period of four years.

3.12 Impairment of tangible and intangible assets other than goodwill:

At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognized immediately in profit and loss.

When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognized immediately in profit and loss.

3.13 Inventories:

Inventories are valued, after providing for obsolescence, as under:

a. Raw materials, stores, spares, packing materials, loose tools and traded goods at weighted average cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower.

b. Work-in-progress at lower of weighted average cost including conversion cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower.

c. Finished goods at lower of weighted average cost including conversion cost and excise duty paid / payable on such goods or net realizable value, whichever is lower.

3.14 provisions:

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.

When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, a receivable is recognized as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably.

3.15 Warranties:

Provisions for the expected cost of warranty obligations are recognized at the date of sale of the relevant products, at the management''s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the Company''s obligation.

3.16 Financial instrument:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

3.17 Financial asset:

All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognized and de-recognized on a trade date basis. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace.

All recognized financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortized cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets

3.17.1 Financial assets at Fair Value Through Profit and Loss (FVTPL):

Financial assets at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any gains or losses arising on re-measurement recognized in profit and loss. The net gain or loss recognized in profit and loss incorporates any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset and is included in the ''Other Income / Other expenses'' line item. Dividend on financial assets at FVTPL is recognized when the Company''s right to receive the dividends is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity and the amount of dividend can be measured reliably.

3.17.2 Impairment of financial assets:

The Company applies the expected credit loss model for recognizing impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortized cost, lease receivables, trade receivables, other contractual rights to receive cash or other financial asset, and financial guarantees not designated as at FVTPL.

3.17.3 De-recognition of financial assets:

The Company de-recognizes a financial asset when contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognizes its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognize the financial asset and also recognizes a collateralized borrowing for the proceeds received.

3.17.4 Foreign exchange gains and losses:

The fair value of financial assets denominated in a foreign currency is determined in that foreign currency and translated at the spot rate at the end of each reporting period.

For foreign currency denominated financial assets measured at amortized cost and FVTPL, exchange differences are recognized in profit and loss, except for those which are designated as hedging instruments in a hedging relationship.

3.18 Financial liabilities:

Financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost or at FVTPL.

3.18.1 Financial liabilities at FVTPL:

Financial liabilities such as derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument are classified as at FVTPL.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on re-measurement recognized in profit and loss. The net gain or loss recognized in profit and loss is included in the ''Other Income/ Other expenses'' line item.

3.18.2 Financial liabilities subsequently measured at amortized cost:

Financial liabilities that are not held for trading and are not designated as at FVTPL are measured at amortized cost.

3.18.3 Foreign exchange gains and losses:

For financial liabilities that are denominated in a foreign currency and are measured at amortized cost at the end of each reporting period, the foreign exchange gains or losses are determined based on the amortized cost of the instruments and are recognized in ''Other Income / Other Expenses''.

3.18.4 De-recognition of financial liabilities:

The Company de-recognizes financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company''s obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired.

3.19 Derivative financial instruments:

The Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to manage its exposure of foreign exchange rate risks.

Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value at the date the derivative contracts are entered into and are subsequently re-measured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognized in profit and loss immediately.

3.20 Contingent liabilities and contingent assets

Contingent liability is disclosed in the case of:

i) a present obligation arising from a past event, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation

ii) a present obligation when no reliable estimate is possible, and

iii) a possible obligation, arising from past events where the probability of outflow of resources is not remote.

Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed.

Contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date and updated / recognized as appropriate

3.21 First time adoption -Mandatory exceptions and optional exemptions:

3.21.1 Overall principle

The Company has prepared the opening balance sheet as per Ind AS as at 1st April 2015 (the transition date) by recognizing all the assets and liabilities whose recognition is required by Ind AS, not recognizing items of assets or liabilities which are not permitted by Ind AS, by reclassifying items from the previous GAAP to Ind AS as required under Ind AS, and applying Ind AS in measurement of recognized assets and liabilities. However, this principle is subject to certain exception and certain optional exemptions availed by the Company detailed as below.

3.21.2 De-recognition of financial assets and liabilities:

The Company has applied the de-recognition requirements of financial asset and financial liability prospectively for transactions occurring on or after 1st April 2015 (the transition date).

3.21.3 Impairment of financial asset:

The Company has applied the impairment requirement of Ind AS 109 retrospectively; however as permitted by Ind AS 101, it has used reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort to determine the credit risk at the date that financial instrument were initially recognized in order to compare it with the credit risk at the transition date. Further, the Company has not undertaken an exhaustive search for information when determining, at the date of transition to Ind ASs, whether there has been significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition as permitted by Ind AS 101.

3.21.4 deemed cost for property, plant and equipment, investment property, and intangible assets:

The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all its plant and equipment, investment properties and intangible assets recognized as of 1st April 2015 (transition date) measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.

3.21.5 determining whether an arrangement contains a lease:

The Company has applied Appendix C of Ind AS 17 Determining whether an arrangement contains a Lease to determine whether an arrangement existing at the transition date contains a lease on the basis of facts and circumstances existing at that date.

3.21.6 Investments in Subsidiaries:

The Company has accounted for its investments in subsidiaries at cost.

4. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY:

I n the application of the Company''s accounting policies, which are described in note 3, the management of the Company are required to make judgments, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

In the following areas the management of the Company has made critical judgments and estimates:

a. Defined benefit obligation

b. Fair value measurements and valuation processes:

The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined using valuation techniques. The Company uses its judgments to select a variety of methods and makes assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions existing at each balance sheet date.

c. provision for warranty:

The Company gives warranties for its products, undertaking to repair or replace the items that fail to perform satisfactorily during the warranty period. Provision made at the year-end represents the amount of expected cost of meeting such obligations of rectification / replacement. The timing of the outflows is expected to be within a period of eighteen months.

Mar 31, 2016

1 General Information: Greaves Cotton Limited (the ''Company'') is engaged in manufacturing of engines, engine applications, manufacturing and trading of agro products, trading of spares related to engines and construction equipment etc. The Company has manufacturing facilities in the states of Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. The products are mainly sold in India with some export to Middle East, Africa & South East Asia Region. The Company has one direct and two indirect subsidiaries having operations in India and Sharjah.

2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:

2.1 Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The Financial Statements, which have been prepared under the historical cost convention on accrual basis of accounting, are in accordance with the Accounting Standards prescribed under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013. The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and are consistent with those used in the previous year.

2.2 Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) and the reported income and expenses during the year. Management continually evaluates all of its estimates and judgments based on available information and its experience and believes that the estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could differ due to these estimates and the differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognized in the periods in which the results are known / materialized.

2.3 Cash and cash equivalents (for purposes of cash flow statement)

Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

2.4 Cash flow statement

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit / (loss) before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated based on the available information.

2.5 Fixed assets (including capital work in progress)

a) Tangible assets:

Tangible fixed assets are stated at original cost net of Convert availed less accumulated depreciation except in case of certain freehold land and buildings which are stated at re-valued amounts as at 31^st May, 1987, based on valuation carried out by independent values, less accumulated depreciation. Own manufactured assets are capitalized at factory cost. Cost includes inward freight, taxes and expenses incidental to acquisition and installation, up to the point the asset is ready for its intended use. Certain project related direct expenses, incurred at site for the period up to the date of commencement of commercial production are capitalized.

b) Intangible assets:

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition less amortization.

c) Capital work in progress:

Capital work in progress includes cost of equipments and other expenses incidental to its acquisition which are not yet ready for use.

2.6 Impairment of assets

The carrying value of assets / cash generating units at each balance sheet date are reviewed for impairment. If any indication of impairment exists, the recoverable amount of such assets is estimated and impairment is recognized, if the carrying amount of these assets exceeds their recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the net selling price and their value in use. Value in use is arrived at by discounting the future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life to their present value based on an appropriate discount factor.

When there is indication that an impairment loss recognized for an asset in earlier accounting periods no longer exists or may have decreased, such reversal of impairment loss is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except in case of revalued assets.

2.7 Investments

Long term investments (excluding investment properties), are carried individually at cost less provision for diminution, other than temporary, in the value of such investments. Current investments are carried individually, at the lower of cost and fair value.

2.8 Inventories

Inventories are valued, after providing for obsolescence, as under:

a) Raw materials, stores, spares, packing materials, loose tools and traded goods at weighted average cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower.

b) Work-in-progress at lower of weighted average cost including conversion cost or net realizable value.

c) Finished goods at lower of weighted average cost including conversion cost and excise duty paid / payable on such goods or net realizable value.

2.9 Foreign Exchange transactions

Transactions in foreign currencies (other than firm commitments and highly probable forecast transactions) are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of transaction. Monetary items are translated at the year-end rates. The exchange difference between the rate prevailing on the date of transaction and on the date of settlement as also on translation of monetary items at the end of the year (other than those relating to long term foreign currency monetary items) is recognized as income or expense, as the case may be.

Integral foreign operations:

Transactions in foreign currencies entered into by the Company''s integral foreign operations are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction or at rates that closely approximate the rate on the date of the transaction. Exchange differences arising on settlement / restatement of foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities of the Company''s integral foreign operations are recognized as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Foreign exchange differences arising on marking forward contracts to market rates are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise and the premium paid / received is accounted as expense / income over the period of the contract.

2.10 Depreciation and Amortization

a) Tangible assets:

i) Depreciation on fixed assets is provided under the straight line method over the useful life of the assets as specified under Part C of Schedule II of Companies Act, 2013 with residual value of 5%. Depreciation is calculated pro-rata from / to the date of addition / deletion.

ii) Extra shift depreciation is provided on location basis.

iii) Leasehold land is amortized over the primary period of the lease.

iv) Leasehold building improvements are written off over the period of lease or their estimated useful life, whichever is lower, on a straight line basis.

b) Intangible assets:

i) Technical know-how is amortized over a period of five years.

ii) Computer software is amortized over a period of four years.

2.11 Research and Development

Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged under respective heads of expenditure in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Capital expenditure on research and development is included as part of fixed assets and depreciated on the same basis as other fixed assets.

2.12 Revenue recognition

a) i) Revenue from sale of products is recognized when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products

are passed on to the customers, which is generally on dispatch of goods.

ii) Revenue in respect of services is recognized when services are performed in accordance with the terms of contract with customers.

b) Sales include excise duty but exclude Value Added Tax (VAT) and Service Tax.

c) Revenue from royalty is accrued and recognized, when the specified goods of the supplier are sold by the Company''s dealers in accordance with the terms of agreement.

2.13 Employee benefits

Defined Contribution Plans:

Contribution to Superannuation Fund, a defined contribution scheme, is made at pre-determined rates to the Superannuation Fund, Life Insurance Corporation and is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the Superannuation Fund.

Defined Benefit Plans:

The Company''s liabilities towards gratuity and ex-gratia are determined using the projected unit credit method which considers each period of service as giving rise to an additional unit of benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation. Actuarial gains and losses based on valuation done by the independent actuary carried out annually are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as income or expense. Obligation is measured at the present value of the estimated future cash flows using a discounted rate that is determined by reference to market yields of Government bonds.

Compensated Absences

Compensated absences which accrue to employees and which are expected to be availed within twelve months immediately following the year end are reported as expenses during the year in which the employee performs the service that the benefit covers and the liabilities are reported at the undiscounted amount of the benefit, and where the a ailment or encashment is otherwise not expected to wholly occur within the next twelve months, the liability on account of the benefit is actuarially determined using the projected unit credit method.

2.14 Borrowing costs

2.15 Operating Leases

Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vest with the less or are recognized as operating leases. Operating lease expenses / income are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on Straight Line Basis over the primary term of lease, representative of the time pattern of the user''s benefit.

2.16 Taxes on income

Current Tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws.

Deferred Tax is recognized on timing differences, being the differences between the taxable income and the accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods.

Deferred Tax Assets in respect of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses and items relating to capital losses are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that there will be sufficient future taxable income available to realize such losses. Other Deferred Tax Assets are recognized if there is reasonable certainty that there will be sufficient future taxable income to realize such assets. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date for their reliability.

2.17 Segment reporting

The Company identified primary segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organization and management structure. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit / loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the executive Management in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The accounting policies used in the preparation of the financial statements of the Company are also applied for Segment Reporting. Revenue and expenses have been identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment.

Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on reasonable basis have been included under "unallocated revenue / expenses / assets / liabilities".

2.18 Provisions and contingencies

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions (excluding employee benefits) are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

3.2.6 Performance evaluation criteria for Independent Directors

The criteria for performance evaluation includes, inter alia, relevant experience and skills of the Directors, ability and willingness to speak up, ability to carry others, ability to disagree, stand his / her ground, Integrity, focus on shareholder value creation and high governance standards.

3.3 Stakeholders'' Relationship and Share Transfer Committee

The Stakeholders'' Relationship and Share Transfer Committee periodically reviews investors'' grievance redressal process and evaluates the performance and service standards of the Registrar and Share Transfer Agent of the Company to ensure that the investors'' grievances are timely and satisfactorily resolved.

Mar 31, 2014

1.1 Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The Company maintains its accounts on accrual basis following the historical cost convention, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles [GAAP] except for the revaluation of certain fixed assets, in compliance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 including the Accounting Standards specified in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006. However, certain escalation and other claims, which are not ascertainable /acknowledged by customers, are accounted on receipt basis.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that the management of the Company make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of income and expenses of the period, the reported balances of assets and liabilities and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements. Examples of such estimates include the useful lives of tangible and intangible fixed assets, provision for doubtful debts / advances, future obligations in respect of retirement Benefit plans, provision for inventory obsolescence, impairment of investments, etc. Difference, if any, between the actual results and estimates is recognized in the period in which the results are known.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current and non-current as per normal operating cycle of the Company and other criteria set out in the Revised Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956. Based on nature of products / services, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

1.2 Inventories

Inventories are valued, after providing for obsolescence, as under:

a) Raw materials, stores, spares, packing materials, loose tools and traded goods at weighted average cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower.

b) Work-in-progress at lower of weighted average cost including conversion cost or net realisable value.

c) Finished goods at lower of weighted average cost including conversion cost and excise duty paid / payable on such goods or net realisable value.

1.3 Depreciation and Amortisation

a) Tangible assets:

i) Depreciation on revalued fixed assets is provided on the re-valued amount derived based on valuation carried out by independent valuers. The depreciation on re-valued portion of the fixed assets is transferred from revaluation reserve to the statement of profit and loss.

ii) Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on straight line method at the rates and in the manner prescribed under schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

iii) In the case of fixed assets where the technological progress and upgradation is faster, the Company has provided accelerated depreciation at rates higher than the rates specified in schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Accordingly, the useful life of such assets has been recomputed and depreciation has been provided at the following rates with effect from 1st July, 2003:

iv) Extra shift depreciation is provided on location basis.

v) Leasehold land is amortised over the primary period of the lease.

vi) Leasehold Building is depreciated at rates prescribed for buildings under schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 or rates derived based on lease term for the leasehold building, whichever is higher. Leasehold building improvements are written of over the period of lease or their estimated useful life, whichever is earlier, on a straight line basis.

b) Intangible assets:

i) a) Technical know-how acquired prior to the year 2001 is amortised as per the rates applicable to plant and equipment prescribed under schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

b) Technical know-how acquired during and after the year 2001 is amortised over a period of five years.

ii) Computer software is amortised over a period of four years.

1.4 Research and Development

Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged under respective heads of expenditure in the statement of profit and loss. Capital expenditure on research and development is included as part of fixed assets and depreciated on the same basis as other fixed assets.

1.5 Revenue Recognition

a) i) Revenue from sale of products is recognised when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products are passed on to the customers, which is generally on despatch of goods.

ii) Revenue in respect of services is recognised when services are performed in accordance with the terms of contract with customers.

b) Sales include excise duty but exclude Value Added Tax (VAT) and Service Tax.

c) Revenue from royalty is accrued and recognised, when the specified goods of the supplier are sold by the Company''s dealers in accordance with the terms of agreement.

d) Export incentives are recognised when the right to receive the Benefit is established.

1.6 Fixed assets (including capital work in progress)

a) Tangible assets:

Tangible fixed assets are stated at original cost net of Cenvat availed less accumulated depreciation except in case of certain fireehold land and buildings which are stated at re-valued amounts as at 31st May 1987, based on valuation carried out by independent valuers, less accumulated depreciation. Own manufactured assets are capitalised at factory cost. Cost includes inward firelight, taxes and expenses incidental to acquisition and installation, up to the point the asset is ready for its intended use. Certain project related direct expenses, incurred at site for the period upto the date of commencement of commercial production are capitalised. (Also refer to accounting policy on borrowing costs infra).

b) Intangible assets:

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition less amortisation.

c) Capital work in progress:

Capital work in progress includes cost of equipments and other expenses incidental to its acquisition which are not yet ready for use.

1.7 Foreign currency transactions

a) The reporting currency of the Company is Indian Rupee.

b) Foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in the reporting currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transaction.

c) Monetary assets and Monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currencies (other than those relating to foreign branch) are converted at rate of exchange prevailing on the date of the balance sheet.

d) Exchange Differences on settlement/conversion are included in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which they arise.

e) Foreign exchange Differences arising on marking forward contracts to market rates are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which they arise and the premium paid/received is accounted as expense/income over the period of the contract.

f) Translations relating to foreign branch are recorded as under:

i) Monetary assets and Monetary liabilities are converted at period-end rates as applicable.

ii) Revenue items are translated at the average rate for the period.

iii) All Differences arising on translation of foreign currency balances are included in the statement of profit and loss.

1.8 Investments

Long term investments are carried at cost after providing for any diminution in value, if such diminution is of a permanent nature.

Current Investments are carried at lower of cost or market value.

1.9 Employee Benefits

a) Short Term Employee Benefits:

All employee Benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short term employee Benefits. The Benefits like salaries, wages, short term compensated absences, expected cost of bonus, ex- gratia etc. are recognised on undiscounted basis in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

b) Post-employment Benefits:

i) Defined contribution plans: The Company''s contribution to the state-administered provident fund and employees'' pension scheme and the employees'' superannuation scheme are defined contribution plans. The contribution paid/ payable under the schemes based on a fixed percentage of the eligible employees'' salary is recognised during the period in which the employee renders the related service. The Company has no further obligation beyond these contributions.

ii) Defined Benefit plans: The employees'' gratuity fund schemes managed by Trusts are the Company''s defined Benefit plans. The present value of the obligation is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method which recognises each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee Benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss. In case of funded plans, the fair value of the plan assets is reduced from the gross obligation, to recognise the obligation on a net basis.

iii) Long-term employee Benefits: The obligation for long term compensated absences is recognised in the same manner as in the case of defined Benefit plans as mentioned in (b) (ii) above.

1.10 Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets till such time the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily requires a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

1.11 Segment accounting and reporting

a) Segment accounting and reporting which is done in accordance with the accounting policies of the Company and the guidelines prescribed by Accounting Standard 17, Segment Reporting, as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 is as follows:

i) Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly Identifiiable with/ allocable to the segment including inter-segment revenue.

ii) Expenses that are directly Identifiiable with/ allocable to segments are considered for determining the segment result. The expenses, which relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments, are included under "unallowable expenditure".

iii) Income which relates to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments is included in "unallowable income".

iv) Segment assets and liabilities include those directly Identifiiable with respective segments. Unallowable assets and liabilities represent the assets and liabilities that relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to any segment.

b) Inter-segment transfer pricing

Segment revenue resulting from transactions with other business segments is accounted on the basis of transfer price agreed between the segments.

1.12 Leases

Assets acquired on lease where a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals are charged to the statement of profit and loss on a straight line basis.

1.13 Taxes on income

Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of taxable income and tax credits computed in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and based on the expected outcome of assessments / appeals. The provision for tax is adjusted for Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in earlier years.

Deferred tax is recognised on timing Differences between the accounting income and the taxable income for the period and quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted on the balance sheet date. Where there are unabsorbed business losses and/or unabsorbed depreciation, deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that management is virtually certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent there is a reasonable certainty of realisation in future. Such assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to reassess realisation.

1.14 Impairment of assets

The carrying amount of assets, other than inventories is reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the assets is estimated.

An impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset or a cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the asset''s net selling price and value in use determined based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. All impairment losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

A previously recognised impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on changes in circumstances. However, the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no impairment.

1.15 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

a) Provisions are recognised for liabilities that can be measured only by using a substantial degree of estimation, if

i) the Company has a present obligation as a result of a past event,

ii) a probable outflow of resources is expected to settle the obligation and

iii) the amount of the obligation can be reliably estimated.

b) Reimbursement expected in respect of expenditure required to settle a liability is recognised only when it is virtually certain that the reimbursement will be received.

c) Contingent liability is disclosed in the case of

i) a present obligation arising from a past event, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation

ii) a present obligation when no reliable estimate is possible, and

iii) a possible obligation, arising from past events where the probability of outflow of resources is remote.

d) Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed.

e) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date and updated / recognised as appropriate.

Mar 31, 2013

1.1 Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The Company maintains its accounts on accrual basis following the historical cost convention, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles [GAAP] except for the revaluation of certain fixed assets, in compliance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 including the Accounting Standards specified in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006. However, certain escalation and other claims, which are not ascertainable /acknowledged by customers, are accounted on receipt basis.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that the management of the Company make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of income and expenses of the period, the reported balances of assets and liabilities and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements. Examples of such estimates include the useful lives of tangible and intangible fixed assets, provision for doubtful debts / advances, future obligations in respect of retirement benefit plans, provision for inventory obsolescence, impairment of investments, etc. Difference, if any, between the actual results and estimates is recognised in the period in which the results are known.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current and non-current as per normal operating cycle of the Company and other criteria set out in the Revised Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956. Based on nature of products / services, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

1.2 Inventories

Inventories are valued, after providing for obsolescence, as under:

a) Raw materials, stores, spares, packing materials, loose tools and traded goods at weighted average cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower.

b) Work-in-progress at lower of weighted average cost including conversion cost or net realisable value.

c) Finished goods at lower of weighted average cost including conversion cost and excise duty paid / payable on such goods or net realisable value.

1.3 Depreciation Amortisation

a) Tangible assets:

i) Depreciation on revalued fixed assets is provided on the re-valued amount derived based on valuation carried out by independent valuers. The depreciation on re-valued portion of the fixed assets is transferred from revaluation reserve to the Statement of profit and loss.

ii) Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on straight line method at the rates and in the manner prescribed under schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

iii) In the case of fixed assets where the technological progress and upgradation is faster, the Company has provided accelerated depreciation at rates higher than the rates specified in schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Accordingly, the useful life of such assets has been recomputed and depreciation has been provided at the following rates with effect from 1st July, 2003:

iv) Extra shift depreciation is provided on location basis.

v) Leasehold land is amortised over the primary period of the lease.

vi) Leasehold Building is depreciated at rates prescribed for buildings under schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 or rates derived based on lease term for the leasehold building, whichever is higher. Leasehold building improvements are written off over the period of lease or their estimated useful life, whichever is earlier, on a straight line basis.

b) Intangible assets:

i) a) Technical know-how acquired prior to the year 2001 is amortised as per the rates applicable to plant and equipment prescribed under schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. b) Technical know-how acquired during and after the year 2001 is amortised over a period of five years.

ii) Computer software is amortised over a period of four years.

1.4 Research and Development

Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged under respective heads of expenditure in the Statement of profit and loss. Capital expenditure on research and development is included as part of fixed assets and depreciated on the same basis as other fixed assets.

1.5 Revenue Recognition

a) i) Revenue from sale of products is recognised when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products are passed on to the customers, which is generally on despatch of goods.

ii) Revenue in respect of services is recognised when services are performed in accordance with the terms of contract with customers.

b) Sales include excise duty but exclude Value Added Tax (VAT) and Service Tax.

c) Revenue from royalty is accrued and recognised, when the specified goods of the supplier are sold by the Company''s dealers in accordance with the terms of agreement.

1.6 Fixed assets (including capital work in progress)

a) Tangible assets:

Tangible fixed assets are stated at original cost net of Cenvat availed less accumulated depreciation except in case of certain freehold land and buildings which are stated at re-valued amounts as at 31st May 1987, based on valuation carried out by independent valuers, less accumulated depreciation. Own manufactured assets are capitalised at factory cost. Cost includes inward freight, taxes and expenses incidental to acquisition and installation, up to the point the asset is ready for its intended use. Certain project related direct expenses, incurred at site for the period upto the date of commencement of commercial production are capitalised. (Also refer to accounting policy on borrowing costs infra).

b) Intangible assets:

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition less amortisation.

c) Capital work in progress:

Capital work in progress includes cost of equipments and other expenses incidental to its acquisition which are not yet ready for use.

1.7 Foreign currency transactions

a) The reporting currency of the Company is Indian Rupee.

b) Foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in the reporting currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transaction.

c) Monetary assets and Monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currencies (other than those relating to foreign branch) are converted at rate of exchange prevailing on the date of the balance sheet.

d) Exchange differences on settlement/conversion are included in the Statement of profit and loss in the period in which they arise.

e) Foreign exchange differences arising on marking forward contracts to market rates are recognised in the Statement of profit and loss in the period in which they arise and the premium paid/received is accounted as expense/income over the period of the contract.

f) Translations relating to foreign branch are recorded as under:

i) Monetary assets and Monetary liabilities are converted at period-end rates as applicable.

ii) Revenue items are translated at the average rate for the period.

iii) All differences arising on translation of foreign currency balances are included in the Statement of profit and loss.

1.8 Investments

Long term investments are carried at cost after providing for any diminution in value, if such diminution is of a permanent nature.

Current Investments are carried at lower of cost or market value.

1.9 Employee benefits

a) Short Term Employee Benefits:

All employee benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short term employee benefits. The benefits like salaries, wages, short term compensated absences, expected cost of bonus, ex- gratia etc. are recognised on undiscounted basis in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

b) Post-employment benefits:

i) Defined contribution plans: The Company''s contribution to the state-administered provident fund and employees'' pension scheme and the employees'' superannuation scheme are defined contribution plans. The contribution paid/payable under the schemes based on a fixed percentage of the eligible employees'' salary is recognised during the period in which the employee renders the related service. The Company has no further obligation beyond these contributions.

ii) Defined benefit plans: The employees'' gratuity fund schemes managed by Trusts are the Company''s defined benefit plans. The present value of the obligation is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method which recognises each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised immediately in the Statement of profit and loss. In case of funded plans, the fair value of the plan assets is reduced from the gross obligation, to recognise the obligation on a net basis.

iii) Long-term employee benefits: The obligation for long term compensated absences is recognised in the same manner as in the case of defined benefit plans as mentioned in (b) (ii) above.

1.10 Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets till such time the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily requires a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

1.11 Segment accounting and reporting

a) Segment accounting and reporting which is done in accordance with the accounting policies of the Company and the guidelines prescribed by Accounting Standard 17, Segment Reporting, as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 is as follows:

i) Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly identifiable with/ allocable to the segment including inter-segment revenue.

ii) Expenses that are directly identifiable with/ allocable to segments are considered for determining the segment result. The expenses, which relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments, are included under "unallocable expenditure".

iii) Income which relates to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments is included in "unallocable income".

iv) Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable with respective segments. Unallocable assets and liabilities represent the assets and liabilities that relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to any segment.

b) Inter-segment transfer pricing

Segment revenue resulting from transactions with other business segments is accounted on the basis of transfer price agreed between the segments.

1.12 Leases

Assets acquired on lease where a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals are charged to the Statement of profit and loss on a straight line basis.

1.13 Taxes on income

Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of taxable income and tax credits computed in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and based on the expected outcome of assessments / appeals. The provision for tax is adjusted for Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in earlier years.

Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income for the period and quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted on the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets which arise on account of unabsorbed business losses and unabsorbed depreciation are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that management is virtually certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. Other deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent there is a reasonable certainty of realisation in future. Such assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to reassess realisation.

1.14 Impairment of assets

The carrying amount of assets, other than inventories is reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the assets is estimated.

An impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset or a cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the asset''s net selling price and value in use determined based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. All impairment losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

A previously recognised impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on changes in circumstances. However, the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no impairment.

1.15 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

a) Provisions are recognised for liabilities that can be measured only by using a substantial degree of estimation, if

i) the Company has a present obligation as a result of a past event,

ii) a probable outflow of resources is expected to settle the obligation and

iii) the amount of the obligation can be reliably estimated.

b) Reimbursement expected in respect of expenditure required to settle a liability is recognised only when it is virtually certain that the reimbursement will be received.

c) Contingent liability is disclosed in the case of

i) a present obligation arising from a past event, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation

ii) a present obligation when no reliable estimate is possible, and

iii) a possible obligation, arising from past events where the probability of outflow of resources is remote.

d) Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed.

e) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date and updated / recognised as appropriate.

Mar 31, 2012

1.1 Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The Company maintains its accounts on accrual basis following the historical cost convention, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles [GAAP] except for the revaluation of certain fixed assets, in compliance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 including the Accounting Standards specified in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006. However, certain escalation and other claims, which are not ascertainable /acknowledged by customers, are accounted on receipt basis.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that the management of the Company make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of income and expenses of the period, the reported balances of assets and liabilities and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements. Examples of such estimates include the useful lives of tangible and intangible fixed assets, provision for doubtful debts / advances, future obligations in respect of retirement benefit plans, provision for inventory obsolescence, impairment of investments, etc. Difference, if any, between the actual results and estimates is recognised in the period in which the results are known.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current and non-current as per normal operating cycle of the Company and other criteria set out in the Revised Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956. Based on nature of products / services, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

1.2 Inventories

Inventories are valued, after providing for obsolescence, as under:

a) Raw materials, stores, spares, packing materials, loose tools and traded goods at weighted average cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower.

b) Work-in-progress at lower of weighted average cost including conversion cost or net realisable value.

c) Finished goods at lower of weighted average cost including conversion cost and excise duty paid / payable on such goods or net realisable value.

1.3 Depreciation and Amortisation

a) Tangible assets:

i) Depreciation on re-valued fixed assets is provided on the re-valued amount derived based on valuation carried out by independent valuers. The depreciation on re-valued portion of the fixed assets is transferred from revaluation reserve to the statement of profit and loss.

ii) Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on straight line method at the rates and in the manner prescribed under schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

iii) In the case of fixed assets where the technological progress and upgradation is faster, the Company has provided accelerated depreciation at rates higher than the rates specified in schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Accordingly, the useful life of such assets has been recomputed and depreciation has been provided at the following rates with effect from 1st July 2003:

iv) Extra shift depreciation is provided on location basis.

v) Leasehold land is amortised over the primary period of the lease.

vi) Leasehold Building is depreciated at rates prescribed for buildings under schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 or rates derived based on lease term for the leasehold building, whichever is higher. Leasehold building improvements are written off over the period of lease or their estimated useful life, whichever is earlier, on a straight line basis. b) Intangible assets:

i) a) Technical know-how acquired prior to the year 2001 is amortised as per the rates applicable to plant and machinery prescribed under schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. b) Technical know-how acquired during and after the year 2001 is amortised over a period of five years.

ii) Computer software is amortised over a period of four years.

1.4 Research and Development

Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged under respective heads of expenditure in the statement of profit and loss. Capital expenditure on research and development is included as part of fixed assets and depreciated on the same basis as other fixed assets.

1.5 Revenue Recognition

a) i) Revenue from sale of products is recognised when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products are passed on to the customers, which is generally on despatch of goods.

b) ii) Revenue in respect of services is recognised when services are performed in accordance with the terms of contract with customers.

c) Sales include excise duty but exclude Value Added Tax (VAT) and Service Tax.

d) Revenue from royalty is accrued and recognised, when the specified goods of the supplier are sold by the Company's dealers in accordance with the terms of agreement.

1.6 Fixed assets (including capital work in progress)

a) Tangible assets:

Tangible fixed assets are stated at original cost net of Cenvat availed less accumulated depreciation except in case of certain freehold land and buildings which are stated at revalued amounts as at 31st May 1987, based on valuation carried out by independent valuers, less accumulated depreciation. Own manufactured assets are capitalised at factory cost. Cost includes inward freight, taxes and expenses incidental to acquisition and installation, up to the point the asset is ready for its intended use. Certain project related direct expenses, incurred at site for the period upto the date of commencement of commercial production are capitalised. (Also refer to accounting policy on borrowing costs infra).

b) Intangible assets:

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition less amortisation.

c) Capital work in progress:

Capital work in progress includes cost of equipments and other expenses incidental to its acquisition which are not yet ready for use.

1.7 Foreign currency transactions

a) The reporting currency of the Company is Indian Rupee.

b) Foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in the reporting currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transaction.

c) Monetary assets and Monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currencies (other than those relating to foreign branch) are converted at rate of exchange prevailing on the date of the balance sheet.

d) Exchange differences on settlement/conversion are included in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which they arise.

e) Foreign exchange differences arising on marking forward contracts to market rates are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which they arise and the premium paid/received is accounted as expense/income over the period of the contract.

f) Translations relating to foreign branch are recorded as under:

i) Monetary assets and Monetary liabilities are converted at period-end rates as applicable.

ii) Revenue items are translated at the average rate for the period.

iii) All differences arising on translation of foreign currency balances are included in the statement of profit and loss.

1.8 Investments

Long term investments are carried at cost after providing for any diminution in value, if such diminution is of a permanent nature.

Current Investments are carried at lower of cost or market value.

1.9 Employee benefits

a) Short Term Employee Benefits:

All employee benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short term employee benefits. The benefits like salaries, wages, short term compensated absences, expected cost of bonus, ex-gratia etc. are recognised on undiscounted basis in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

b) Post-employment benefits:

i) Defined contribution plans: The Company's contribution to the state-administered provident fund and employees' pension scheme and the employees' superannuation scheme are defined contribution plans. The contribution paid/ payable under the schemes based on a fixed percentage of the eligible employees' salary is recognised during the period in which the employee renders the related service. The Company has no further obligation beyond these contributions.

ii) Defined benefit plans: The employees' gratuity fund schemes managed by Trusts are the Company's defined benefit plans. The present value of the obligation is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method which recognises each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss. In case of funded plans, the fair value of the plan assets is reduced from the gross obligation, to recognise the obligation on a net basis.

iii) Long-term employee benefits: The obligation for long term compensated absences is recognised in the same manner as in the case of defined benefit plans as mentioned in (b) (ii) above.

1.10 Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets till such time the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily requires a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

1.11 Segment accounting and reporting

a) Segment accounting and reporting which is done in accordance with the accounting policies of the Company and the guidelines prescribed by Accounting Standard 17, Segment Reporting, as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 is as follows:

i) Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly identifiable with/ allocable to the segment including inter-segment revenue.

ii) Expenses that are directly identifiable with/ allocable to segments are considered for determining the segment result. The expenses, which relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments, are included under "unallocable expenditure".

iii) Income which relates to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments is included in "unallocable income"

iv) Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable with respective segments. Unallocable assets and liabilities represent the assets and liabilities that relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to any segment.

b) Inter-segment transfer pricing

Segment revenue resulting from transactions with other business segments is accounted on the basis of transfer price agreed between the segments.

1.12 Leases

Assets acquired on lease where a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals are charged to the statement of profit and loss on a straight line basis.

1.13 Taxes on income

Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of taxable income and tax credits computed in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and based on the expected outcome of assessments / appeals. The provision for tax is adjusted for Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in earlier years.

Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income for the period and quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted on the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets which arise on account of unabsorbed business losses and unabsorbed depreciation are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that management is virtually certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. Other deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent there is a reasonable certainty of realisation in future. Such assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to reassess realisation.

1.14 Impairment of assets

The carrying amount of assets, other than inventories is reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the assets is estimated.

An impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset or a cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the asset's net selling price and value in use determined based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. All impairment losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

A previously recognised impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on changes in circumstances. However, the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no impairment.

1.15 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

a) Provisions are recognised for liabilities that can be measured only by using a substantial degree of estimation, if

i) the Company has a present obligation as a result of a past event,

ii) a probable outflow of resources is expected to settle the obligation and

iii) the amount of the obligation can be reliably estimated.

b) Reimbursement expected in respect of expenditure required to settle a liability is recognised only when it is virtually certain that the reimbursement will be received.

c) Contingent liability is disclosed in the case of

i) a present obligation arising from a past event, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation

ii) a present obligation when no reliable estimate is possible, and

iii) a possible obligation, arising from past events where the probability of outflow of resources is remote.

d) Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed.

e) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date and updated / recognised as appropriate.

Mar 31, 2011

1 Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements

The Company maintains its accounts on accrual basis following the historical cost convention in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles [GAAP] except for the revaluation of certain fixed assets, in compliance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 including the Accounting Standards specified in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 prescribed by the Central Government. However, certain escalation and other claims, which are not ascertainable / acknowledged by customers, are accounted on receipt basis.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that the management of the Company makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of income and expenses of the period, the reported balances of assets and liabilities and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements. Examples of such estimates include the useful lives of tangible and intangible fixed assets, provision for doubtful debts / advances, future obligations in respect of retirement benefit plans, provision for inventory obsolescence, etc. Difference, if any, between the actual results and estimates is recognised in the period in which the results are known.

2 Inventories

Inventories are valued, after providing for obsolescence, as under:

a) Raw materials, stores, spares, packing materials, loose tools and traded goods at weighted average cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower.

b) Work-in-progress at lower of weighted average cost including conversion cost or net realisable value.

c) Finished goods at lower of weighted average cost including conversion cost and excise duty paid / payable on such goods or net realisable value.

3 Depreciation and Amortisation

a) Tangible assets:

i) Depreciation on revalued fixed assets is provided on the revalued amount derived based on valuation carried out by independent valuers. The depreciation on revalued portion of the fixed assets is transferred from revaluation reserve to Profit and Loss Account.

ii) Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on straight line method at the rates and in the manner prescribed under Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

iii) In the case of fixed assets where the technological progress and upgradation is faster, the Company has provided accelerated depreciation at rates higher than the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Accordingly, the useful life of such assets has been recomputed and depreciation has been provided at the following rates with effect from 1st July, 2003:

iv) Extra shift depreciation is provided on location basis.

v) Leasehold land is amortised over the primary period of the lease.

vi) Leasehold Building is depreciated at rates prescribed for buildings under Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 or rates derived based on lease term for the leasehold building, whichever is higher. Leasehold building improvements are written off over the period of lease or their estimated useful life, whichever is earlier, on a straight line basis.

b) Intangible assets:

i) a) Technical Know-how acquired prior to the year 2001 is amortised as per the rates applicable to plant and machinery prescribed under schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

b) Technical Know-how acquired during and after the year 2001 is amortised over a period of five years.

ii) Computer software is amortised over a period of four years.

4 Research and Development

Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged under respective heads of expenditure in the Profit and Loss Account. Capital expenditure on research and development is included as part of fixed assets and depreciated on the same basis as other fixed assets.

5 Revenue Recognition

a) i) Revenue from sale of products is recognised when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products are passed on to the customers, which is generally on despatch of goods.

ii) Revenue in respect of services is recognised when services are performed in accordance with the terms of contract with customers.

b) Sales include excise duty and direct sales compensation but exclude Value Added Tax (VAT) and Service Tax.

6 Fixed assets (including Capital Work-In-Progress)

a) Tangible assets:

Tangible fixed assets are stated at original cost net of Cenvat availed less accumulated depreciation except in case of certain freehold land and buildings which are stated at revalued amounts as at 31st May, 1987, based on valuation carried out by independent valuers, less accumulated depreciation. Own manufactured assets are capitalised at factory cost. Cost includes inward freight, taxes and expenses incidental to acquisition and installation, up to the point the asset is ready for its intended use. Certain project related direct expenses, incurred at site for the period upto the date of commencement of commercial production are capitalised. (Also refer to accounting policy on borrowing costs infra).

b) Intangible assets:

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition less amortisation.

c) Capital Work-in-Progress:

Capital Advances in respect of Capital Work-in-Progress or towards procurement of fixed assets and assets acquired but not ready for use are classified as Capital Work-in-Progress.

7 Foreign currency transactions

a) The reporting currency of the Company is Indian Rupee.

b) Foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in the reporting currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transaction.

c) Monetary assets and Monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currencies (other than those relating to foreign branch) are converted at rate of exchange prevailing on the date of the Balance Sheet.

d) Exchange differences on settlement/conversion are included in the Profit and Loss Account in the period in which they arise.

e) Foreign exchange differences arising on marking forward contracts to market rates are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the period in which they arise and the premium paid/received is accounted as expense/income over the period of the contract.

f) Translations relating to foreign branch are recorded as under:

i) Monetary assets and Monetary liabilities are converted at period-end rates as applicable.

ii) Revenue items are translated at the average rate for the period.

iii) All differences arising on translation of foreign currency balances are included in the Profit and Loss Account.

8 Investments

Long term investments are carried at cost after providing for any diminution in value, if such diminution is of a permanent nature.

Current Investments are carried at lower of cost or market value.

9 Employee benefits

a) Short Term Employee Benefits:

All employee benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short term employee benefits. The benefits like salaries, wages, short term compensated absences, expected cost of bonus, ex- gratia etc. are recognised on undiscounted basis in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

b) Post-employment benefits:

i) Defined contribution plans: The Companys contribution to the state-administered provident fund and employees pension scheme and the employees superannuation scheme are defined contribution plans. The contribution paid/payable under the schemes based on a fixed percentage of the eligible employees salary is recognised during the period in which the employee renders the related service. The Company has no further obligation beyond these contributions.

ii) Defined benefit plans: The employees gratuity fund schemes managed by Trusts are the Companys defined benefit plans. The present value of the obligation is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method which recognises each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised immediately in the Profit and Loss Account. In case of funded plans, the fair value of the plan assets is reduced from the gross obligation, to recognise the obligation on a net basis.

iii) Long-term employee benefits: The obligation for long term compensated absences is recognised in the same manner as in the case of defined benefit plans as mentioned in (b) (ii) above.

10 Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets till such time the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily requires a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

11 Segment accounting and reporting

a) Segment accounting and reporting which is done in accordance with the accounting policies of the Company and the guidelines prescribed by Accounting Standard 17, Segment Reporting, as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 is reported as follows:

i) Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly identifiable with/ allocable to the segment including inter-segment revenue.

ii) Expenses that are directly identifiable with / allocable to segments are considered for determining the segment result. The expenses, which relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments, are included under "unallocable expenditure".

iii) Income which relates to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments is included in "unallocable income".

iv) Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable with respective segments. Unallocable assets and liabilities represent the assets and liabilities that relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to any segment.

b) Inter-segment transfer pricing

Segment revenue resulting from transactions with other business segments is accounted on the basis of transfer price agreed between the segments.

12 Leases

Assets acquired on lease where a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals are charged to the Profit and Loss Account on a straight line basis.

13 Taxes on income

Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of taxable income and tax credits computed in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and based on the expected outcome of assessments / appeals. The provision for tax is adjusted for Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in earlier years.

Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income for the period and quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted on the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets which arise on account of unabsorbed business losses and unabsorbed depreciation are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that management is virtually certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. Other deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent there is a reasonable certainty of realisation in future. Such assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to reassess realisation.

14 Impairment of assets

The carrying amount of assets, other than inventories is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the assets is estimated.

An impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset or a cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the assets net selling price and value in use determined based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. All impairment losses are recognised in the profit and loss account.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

A previously recognised impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on changes in circumstances. However, the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no impairment.

15 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

a) Provisions are recognised for liabilities that can be measured only by using a substantial degree of estimation, if

i) the Company has a present obligation as a result of a past event,

ii) a probable outflow of resources is expected to settle the obligation and

iii) the amount of the obligation can be reliably estimated.

b) Reimbursement expected in respect of expenditure required to settle a liability is recognised only when it is virtually certain that the reimbursement will be received.

c) Contingent liability is disclosed in the case of

i) a present obligation arising from a past event, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation

ii) a present obligation when no reliable estimate is possible, and

iii) a possible obligation, arising from past events where the probability of outflow of resources is remote.

d) Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed.

e) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and updated as appropriate.

Jun 30, 2010

1 Basis of accounting

The Company maintains its accounts on accrual basis following the historical cost convention in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles [GAAP] except for the revaluation of certain fixed assets, in compliance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and the Accounting Standards as specified in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 prescribed by the central government. However, certain escalation and other claims, which are not ascertainable/acknowledged by customers, are not taken into account.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that the management of the Company makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of income and expenses of the period, the reported balances of assets and liabilities and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements. Examples of such estimates include the useful lives of tangible and intangible fixed assets, provision for doubtful debts/advances, future obligations in respect of retirement benefit plans etc. Difference, if any, between the actual results and estimates is recognised in the period in which the results are known.

2 Inventories

Inventories are valued, after providing for obsolescence, as under:

a) Raw materials, stores, supplies and loose tools at weighted average cost or net realisable value.

b) Work-in-progress at lower of weighted average cost including appropriate overheads or net realisable value.

c) Finished goods at lower of weighted average cost including appropriate overheads and excise duty paid/payable on such goods or net realisable value.

3 Depreciation and Amortisation

a) Tangible assets:

i) Depreciation on revalued fixed assets is provided at the rates given by the valuers. The difference between depreciation on buildings based on revaluation and that on the original cost is transferred from revaluation reserve to profit and loss account.

ii) Depreciation on assets is provided on straight line method at the rates and in the manner prescribed under schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

iii) The Company has provided accelerated depreciation which are higher than the rates specified in schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 where the technological progress and upgradation is faster and accordingly the life of the assets has been recomputed in the case of following assets and the depreciation has been accordingly provided with effect from 1st July, 2003.

iv) Extra shift depreciation is provided on location basis.

b) Intangible assets:

i) Leasehold land is amortised over the primary period of the lease.

ii) Leasehold Building is depreciated as prescribed under Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.

iii) a) Technical know-how acquired prior to 2001 is depreciated as per the rates applicable to plant and machinery prescribed under schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

b) Technical know-how acquired after 2001 is depreciated over a period of five years.

iv) Computer software is amortised over a period of four years.

4 Research and Development

Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged under respective heads of account. Capital expenditure on research and development is included as part of fixed assets and depreciated on the same basis as other fixed assets.

5 Revenue Recognition

a) i) Revenue from sale of product is recognised when all the significant risk and reward of ownership of the products are passed on to the customers, which is generally on despatch of goods.

ii) Revenue in respect of services is recognised in terms of the contract with the customers.

b) Sales include excise duty and direct sales compensation but exclude VAT and Service Tax.

6 Fixed assets

a) Tangible assets:

Fixed assets are stated at original cost net of Cenvat availed less accumulated depreciation except in case of certain freehold land and buildings which are stated at revalued amounts as at 31st May, 1987, less depreciation at the rates given by the valuers. Own manufactured assets are capitalised at factory cost. Certain project related direct expenses, incurred at site for the period upto the date of commencement of commercial production are capitalised. (Also refer to policy on borrowing costs infra).

b) Intangible assets:

Intangible assets are stated at cost less amortisation.

7 Foreign currency transactions

a) The reporting currency of the company is Indian Rupee.

b) Foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in the reporting currency using the exchange rates at the date of the transaction.

c) Monetary assets and Monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currencies (other than those relating to foreign branch) are converted at year-end rates as applicable.

d) Exchange difference on settlement/conversion are adjusted to profit and loss account.

e) Foreign exchange difference arising on forward contracts are recognised in the period in which they arise and the premium paid/received is accounted as expense/income over the period of the contract.

f) Translations relating to foreign branch are as under:

i) Monetary assets and Monetary liabilities are converted at year-end rates as applicable. ii) Revenue items at the average rate for the year.

8 Investments

Long term investments are carried at cost after providing for any diminution in value if such diminution is of a permanent nature.

Current Investments are carried at lower of cost or market value.

9 Employee benefits

a) Short Term Employee Benefits:

All employee benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short term employee benefits. The benefits like salaries, wages, short term compensated absences, the expected cost of bonus, ex-gratia etc. are recognised in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

b) Post-employment benefits:

i) Defined contribution plans: The Companys contribution to the state-administered provident fund and employees pension scheme and the employees superannuation scheme are defined contribution plans. The contribution paid/ payable under the schemes is recognised during the period in which the employee renders the related service.

ii) Defined benefit plans: The employees gratuity fund schemes managed by Trusts are the Companys defined benefit plans. The present value of the obligation is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method which recognises each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised immediately in profit and loss account.

In case of funded plans, the fair value of the plan assets is reduced from the gross obligation, to recognise the obligation on a net basis.

iii) Long-term employee benefits: The obligation for compensated absences is recognised in the same manner as in the case of defined benefit plans as mentioned in (b) (ii) above.

10 Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets till such time as the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily requires a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

11 Segment accounting

a) Segment accounting is done in line with the accounting policies of the Company and is reported as follows:

i) Segment revenue includes sales and other income directly identifiable with/allocable to the segment including inter-segment revenue.

ii) Expenses that are directly identifiable with/allocable to segments are considered for determining the segment result. The expenses, which relates to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments, are included under "unallocable expenditure".

iii) Income which relates to the Company as a whole and not allocable to segments is included in "unallocable income".

iv) Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable with respective segments. Unallocable assets and liabilities represents the assets and liabilities that relate to the Company as a whole and not allocable to any segment.

b) Inter-segment transfer pricing

Segment revenue resulting from transactions with other business segments is accounted on basis of transfer price agreed between the segments.

12 Leases

Assets acquired on lease where a significant portion of the risk and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Lease rentals are charged to profit and loss account on accrual basis.

13 Taxes on income

Tax on income for the current year is determined on the basis of taxable income and tax credits computed in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and based on the expected outcome of assessments /appeals. The provision for tax is adjusted for Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in earlier years.

Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income for the year and quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted on the balance sheet date.

Deferred tax assets which arise mainly on account of unabsorbed business loss and unabsorbed depreciation are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that management is virtually certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realised.

14 Impairment of assets

The carrying amount of assets, other than inventories is reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the assets is estimated.

An impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset a cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use which is determined based on the present value of estimated future cash flow. All impairment losses are recognised in the accounts.

An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount.

15 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

a) Provisions are recognised for liabilities that can be measured only by using a substantial degree of estimation, if

i) the Company has a present obligation as a result of a past event,

ii) a probable outflow of resources is expected to settle the obligation and

iii) the amount of the obligation can be reliably estimated.

b) Reimbursement expected in respect of expenditure required to settle a provision is recognised only when it is virtually certain that the reimbursement will be received.

c) Contingent liability is disclosed in the case of

i) a present obligation arising from a past event, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation

ii) a present obligation when no reliable estimate is possible, and

iii) a possible obligation, arising from past events where the probability of outflow of resources is remote.

d) Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed.

e) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

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