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Accounting Policies of Laurus Labs Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2023

1. Corporate information

Laurus Labs Limited (the “Company”) offers a broad and integrated portfolio of Active Pharma Ingredients (API) including intermediates, Generic Finished dosage forms (FDF) and Contract Research services to cater to the needs of the global pharmaceutical industry. The Company is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Its shares are listed on two recognised stock exchanges in India. The registered office of the company is located at Laurus Enclave, Plot Office 01, E. Bonangi Village, Parawada Mandal, Anakapalli District, Andhra Pradesh - 531021.

The Company is equipped with an Active Pharma Ingredients (API) manufacturing facilities situated in Jawaharlal Nehru Pharma City at Visakhapatnam, FDF drug manufacturing facility situated in Achutapuram and a Research and Development Centre in IKP Knowledge Park at Hyderabad.

These financial statements are authorised by the Board of Directors for issue in accordance with their resolution dated April 27, 2023.

2. Significant accounting policies

2.1 Basis of preparation

(a) The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (‘Ind AS''), under the historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period as explained in the accounting policies below, the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 (‘the Act'') (to the extent notified) and guidelines issued by Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). The Ind AS are prescribed under Section 133 of the Act read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued there after and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant Schedule III).

2.2 Summary of significant accounting policies (a) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in

the balance sheet based on current/ non-current

classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

> Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

> Held primarily for the purpose of trading

> Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

> Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for

at least twelve months after the reporting period All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

> It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

> It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

> It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

> There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

The Company classifies all other liabilities as noncurrent.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

(b) Foreign currencies

The financial statements are presented in Indian rupees, which is the functional currency of the Company and the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.

Transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at its functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions

Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

(c) Fair value measurement

The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is

based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

> In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

> In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

> Level 1 : Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

> Level 2 : Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

> Level 3 : Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

The Company''s chief financial officer and the financial controller of the Company determines the appropriate valuation techniques and inputs for fair

value measurements. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses market-observable data to the extent it is available. Where level 1 inputs are not available, the Company engages third party qualified valuers to perform the valuation. Any change in the fair value of each asset and liability is also compared with relevant external sources to determine whether the change is reasonable.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

(d) Revenue recognition

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. When a performance obligation is satisfied, the revenue is measured at the transaction price which is consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade discounts and volume rebates after taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. The Company derives revenues primarily from manufacture and sale of Active Pharma Ingredients (API) including intermediates, Generic Finished dosage forms (FDF) and Contract Research services (together called as “Pharmaceuticals”).

The following is summary of significant accounting policies relating to revenue recognition. Further, refer note no. 17 for disaggregate revenues from contracts with customers.

Sale of products

The Company recognises revenue for supply of goods to customers against orders received. The majority of contracts that company enters into relate to sales orders containing single performance obligations for the delivery of pharmaceutical products as per Ind AS 115. Product revenue is recognised when control of the goods is passed to the customer. The point at which control passes is determined based on the terms and conditions by each customer arrangement. Revenue is not recognised until it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur. Amount representing the profit share component is recognised as revenue only to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal will not occur.

The Company also recognises revenue where goods are ready as per customer request and pending dispatch at the instance of the customer. In such cases, the products are separately identified as belonging to the customer and the Company does not hold the right to redirect the product to another customer. On satisfaction of all performance obligations, invoice is raised on the customer in accordance with customer request at regular payment terms.

Sale of services

Revenue from services rendered, which primarily relate to contract research, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss as the underlying services are performed. Upfront non-refundable payments received under these arrangements are deferred and recognised as revenue over the expected period over which the related services are expected to be performed.

Contract Liabilities

A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration (or the amount is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfers goods or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognised when the payment is made, or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs under the contract.

Interest income

For all debt financial instruments measured either at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability. Interest income is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Dividends

Revenue is recognised when the Company''s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

(e) Government Grants

Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognised as

income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.

Export incentives are recognised as income when the right to receive credit as per the terms of the scheme is established in respect of the exports made and where there is no significant uncertainty regarding the ultimate collection of the relevant export proceeds.

(f) Taxes

Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates taxable income. Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income (“OG”) or in equity). Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provision where appropriate.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax

assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognises MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. The Company reviews the “MAT credit entitlement” asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

(g) Property, plant and equipment

Under the previous GAAP (Indian GAAP), property, plant and equipment and capital wok in progress were carried in the balance sheet at cost of acquisition. The Company has elected to regard those values of property, plant and equipment as deemed cost at the date of the acquisition since there is no change in the functional currency as at 1 April 2015 (date of transition to Ind AS) on the date of transition to Ind AS. The Company has also determined that cost of acquisition or construction at deemed cost as at 1 April 2015.

Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant

parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other expenses on existing property, plant and equipment, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred. Capital work in progress is stated at cost, net of accumulated impairment loss, if any.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of property, plant and equipment is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance or extends its estimated useful life. Freehold land is not depreciated.

Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

Factory buildings

: 30 years

Other buildings

: 60 years

Plant and equipment

: 5 to 20 years

Furniture and fixtures

: 10 years

Vehicles

: 4 to 5 years

Computers

: 3 to 6 years

The Company, based on technical assessment and management estimate, depreciates certain items of plant and equipment and vehicles over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

(h) Intangible assets Computer Software

Costs relating to software, which is acquired, are capitalised and amortised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of five years.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit or loss when the asset is derecognised.

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its intangible assets recognised as at April 01, 2015, measured as per the previous GAAP, and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of such intangible assets.

Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted if appropriate.

(i) Leases

The Company evaluates if an arrangement qualifies to be a lease as per the requirements of Ind AS 116. Identification of a lease requires significant judgment. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

Company as a lessee

The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether: (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset (ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset. The Company uses significant judgement in assessing the lease term (including anticipated renewals) and the applicable discount

rate. The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

The right-of-use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates in the country of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right of use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option.

Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.

Company as a lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income from operating lease is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income.

Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Company''s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.

(j) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

(k) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.

Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:

> Raw materials: Materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

> Finished goods and work in progress: cost includes cost of direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on the normal operating capacity.

> Traded goods: cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

> Stores, spares and packing materials are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated.

Impairment losses, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. An assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or CGU''s recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior periods/ years. Such reversal is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

(m) Provisions

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

(n) Retirement and other employee benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the prepayment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan in India, which requires contributions to be made to a separately administered fund by a third party.

The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined based on projected unit credit method.

Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to

retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to Statement of Profit or Loss in subsequent periods.

Past service costs are recognised in profit or loss on the earlier of:

> The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

> The date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss:

> Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements; and

> Net interest expense or income

The Company treats accumulated leaves which are to be settled after 12 months as a long-term employee benefit and accumulated leaves which are to be settled in the next 12 months as a short-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such accumulated leaves are provided for based on an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

(o) Share-based payments

Employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments.

Equity-settled transactions

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using Black Scholes valuation model.

That cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The statement of profit and loss expense or credit for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognised in employee benefits expense.

Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

(p) Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. However, trade receivables that do not contain a siginficant financing component are measured at transaction price. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, a ‘debt instrument'' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

(a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or

premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the profit or loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables. For more information on receivables, refer to Note 9.

Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company''s balance sheet) when:

a) the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

b) the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through'' arrangement; and either

i. the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or

ii. the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company''s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

a) Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g., loans, deposits and bank balances.

b) Trade receivables that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 115.

The Company follows ‘simplified approach'' for recognition of impairment loss. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition.

If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original effective interest rate. When estimating the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:

> All contractual terms of the financial instrument (including prepayment, extension and similar options) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the financial instrument

> Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms

As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on

portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed. On that basis, the Company estimates the following provision matrix at the reporting date:

Particulars

% of provision on outstanding receivables

> 1 year and < 2 years

25%

> 2 years and < 3 years

50%

> 3 years

100%

Financial liabilities

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”), loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company''s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.

Subsequent measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/ loss are not subsequently transferred to Statement of Profit or Loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss. The Company has

not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit and loss.

Loans and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss.

Reclassification of financial assets

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company''s senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company''s operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

(q) Investments in subsidiaries

In respect of equity investments, the entity prepares separate financial statements and account for its investments in subsidiaries at cost, net of impairment if any.

(r) Derivative instruments and hedge accounting

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss.

Changes in the fair value of derivative contracts that economically hedge monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies, and for which no hedge accounting is applied, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss. The changes in fair value of such derivative contracts, as well as the foreign exchange gains and losses relating to the monetary items, are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(s) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management.

(t) Research and Development

Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged to revenue in the period in which it is incurred. Capital expenditure on research and development

is added to property, plant and equipment and depreciated in accordance with the policies of the Company.

(u) Measurement of EBITDA

The Company presents EBITDA in the statement of profit or loss, which is neither specifically required by Ind AS 1 nor defined under Ind AS. Ind AS complaint Schedule III allows companies to present line items, sub-line items and sub-totals shall be presented as an addition or substitution on the face of the financial statements when such presentation is relevant to an understanding of the company''s financial position or performance or to cater to industry/sector-specific disclosure requirements or when required for compliance with the amendments to the Companies Act or under the Indian Accounting Standards.

Accordingly, the Company has elected to present EBITDA as a separate line item on the face of the Statement of Profit and Loss and does not include depreciation and amortization expense, finance income, finance costs, share of profit/ loss from associate and tax expense in the measurement of EBITDA.

(v) New standards and interpretations not yet adopted

Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) notifies new standard or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. On March 31, 2023, MCA amended the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 by issuing the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023, applicable from April 1, 2023, as below:

The amendments require companies to disclose their material accounting policies rather than their significant accounting policies. Accounting policy information, together with other information, is material when it can reasonably be expected to influence decisions of primary users of general purpose financial statements. The Company does not expect this amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.

Ind AS 12 - Income Taxes

The amendments clarify how companies account for deferred tax on transactions such as leases and decommissioning obligations. The amendments narrowed the scope of the recognition exemption in paragraphs 15 and 24 of Ind AS 12 (recognition exemption) so that it no longer applies to transactions that, on initial recognition, give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences. The Company has evaluated and the amendment and there is no impact on its financial statements.

Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors

The amendments will help entities to distinguish between accounting policies and accounting estimates. The definition of a change in accounting estimates has been replaced with a definition of accounting estimates. Under the new definition, accounting estimates are “monetary amounts in financial statements that are subject to measurement uncertainty”. Entities develop accounting estimates if accounting policies require items in financial statements to be measured in a way that involves measurement uncertainty. The Company does not expect this amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.


Mar 31, 2021

1. Corporate information

Laurus Labs Limited (the “Company”) offers a broad and integrated portfolio of Active Pharma Ingredients (API) including intermediates, Generic Finished dosage forms (FDF) and Contract Research services to cater to the needs of the global pharmaceutical industry. The Company is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Its shares are listed on two recognised stock exchanges in India. The registered office of the company is located at Plot no. 21, Jawaharlal Nehru Pharma city, Parawada, Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India - 531201.

The Company is equipped with an Active Pharma Ingredients (API) manufacturing facilities situated in Jawaharlal Nehru Pharma City at Visakhapatnam, FDF drug manufacturing facility situated in Achutapuram and a Research and Development Centre in IKP Knowledge Park at Hyderabad.

These financial statements are authorised by the Board of Directors for issue in accordance with their resolution dated April 29, 2021.

2. Significant accounting policies

2.1 Basis of preparation

(a) The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (‘Ind AS''), under the historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period as explained in the accounting policies below, the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 (‘the Act'') (to the extent notified) and guidelines issued by Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). The Ind AS are prescribed under Section 133 of the Act read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued there after.

2.2 Summary of significant accounting policies

(a) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

» Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

» Held primarily for the purpose of trading

» Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

» Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

» It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

» It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

» It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

» There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

(b) Foreign currencies

The financial statements are presented in Indian rupees, which is the functional currency of the Company and the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.

Transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at its functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date.

Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

(c) Fair value measurement

The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

» In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

» In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

» Level 1: Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in

active markets for identical assets or liabilities

» Level 2: Valuation techniques for which the

lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

» Level 3: Valuation techniques for which the

lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

The Company''s chief financial officer and the financial controller of the Company determines the appropriate valuation techniques and inputs for fair value measurements. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses market-observable data to the extent it is available. Where level 1 inputs are not available, the Company engages third party qualified valuers to perform the valuation. Any change in the fair value of each asset and liability is also compared with relevant external sources to determine whether the change is reasonable.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

(d) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade discounts and volume rebates after taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. The Company derives revenues primarily from manufacture and sale of Active Pharma Ingredients (API) including intermediates, Generic Finished dosage forms (FDF) and Contract Research services (together called as “Pharmaceuticals”)

The following is summary of significant accounting policies relating to revenue recognition. Further, refer note no. 17 for disaggregate revenues from contracts with customers.

Sale of products

The Company recognises revenue for supply of goods to customers against orders received. The majority of contracts that company enters into relate to sales orders containing single performance obligations for the delivery of pharmaceutical products as per Ind AS 115. Product revenue is recognised when control of the goods is passed to the customer. The point at which control passes is determined based on the terms and conditions by each customer arrangement, but generally occurs on delivery to the customer. Revenue is not recognised until it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur.

Sale of services

Revenue from contract research operations is recognised based on services performed till date as a percentage of total services. The agreed milestones are specified in the contracts with customers which determine the total services to be performed.

Interest income

For all debt financial instruments measured either at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability. Interest income is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Dividends

Revenue is recognised when the Company''s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

(e) Government Grants

Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.

Export incentives are recognised as income when the right to receive credit as per the terms of the scheme is established in respect of the exports made and where there is no significant uncertainty regarding the ultimate collection of the relevant export proceeds.

(f) Taxes

Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates taxable income. Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) or in equity). Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provision where appropriate.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be

available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognises MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. The Company reviews the “MAT credit entitlement” asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

Dividend Distribution Tax

Final Dividend on shares are recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the shareholders and interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company''s Board of Directors. The entity recognised the income tax consequences of dividends in profit or loss, other comprehensive income or equity according to where the entity originally recognised those past transactions or events. The Finance Act 2020 has repealed the Dividend Distribution Tax (DDT). The Company is now required to pay/distribute dividend after deducting applicable taxes. The remittance of dividends outside India is governed by Indian law on foreign exchange and is also subject to withholding tax at applicable rates.

(g) Property, plant and equipment

Under the previous GAAP (Indian GAAP), property, plant and equipment and capital wok in progress were carried in the balance sheet at cost of acquisition. The Company has elected to regard those values of property, plant and equipment as deemed cost at the date of the acquisition since there is no change in the functional currency as at 1 April 2015 (date of transition to Ind AS) on the date of transition to Ind AS. The Company has also determined

that cost of acquisition or construction at deemed cost as at 1 April 2015.

Capital work in progress, Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other expenses on existing property, plant and equipment, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of property, plant and equipment is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance or extends its estimated useful life.

Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

Factory buildings : 30 years

Other buildings : 60 years

Plant and equipment :5 to 20 years

Furniture and fixtures :10 years

Vehicles :4 to 5 years

Computers : 3 to 6 years

The Company, based on technical assessment and management estimate, depreciates certain items of plant and equipment and vehicles over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

(h) Intangible assets Computer Software

Costs relating to software, which is acquired, are capitalised and amortised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of five years.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit or loss when the asset is derecognised.

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its intangible assets recognised as at April 01, 2015, measured as per the previous GAAP, and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of such intangible assets.

Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted if appropriate.

(i) Business combinations

Business combinations are accounted for using the purchase (acquisition) method as per the provisions of Ind AS 103, Business Combinations. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets transferred, liabilities incurred or assumed and equity instruments issued at the date of exchange by the Company.

Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at fair value at the date of acquisition. Transaction costs incurred in connection with a business acquisition are expensed as incurred.

The cost of an acquisition also includes the fair value of any contingent consideration measured as at the date of acquisition. Any subsequent changes to the fair value of contingent consideration classified as liabilities, other than measurement period adjustments, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Common Control business combinations:

The Company accounts for business combinations involving entities or businesses under common control using the pooling of interests method. The assets and liabilities of the combining entities are reflected at their carrying amounts. The identity of the reserves shall be preserved and shall appear in the financial statements of the transferee in the same form in which they appeared in the financial statements of the transferor.

The difference, if any, between the amount recorded as share capital issued plus any additional consideration in the form of cash or other assets and the amount of share capital of the transferor shall be transferred to capital reserve and should be presented separately as Common Control Transactions Capital reserve.

Goodwill:

The excess of the cost of an acquisition over the Company''s share in the fair value of the acquiree''s identifiable assets and liabilities is recognised as goodwill. If the excess is negative, a bargain purchase gain is recognised in equity as capital reserve. Goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated impairment (if any).

(j) Leases

The Company evaluates if an arrangement qualifies to be a lease as per the requirements of Ind AS 116. Identification of a lease requires significant judgment. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement. Effective April 1,2019, the Company adopted Ind AS 116 “Leases”, applied to all lease contracts existing on April 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method and has taken the cumulative adjustment to retained earnings, on the date of initial application.

Company as a lessee

The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether: (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset (ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset. The Company uses significant judgement in assessing the lease term (including anticipated renewals) and the applicable discount rate. The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognises a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

The right-of-use assets are initially recognised at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. The lease liability is initially measured at amortised cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates in the country of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right of use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option. Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows. Further, refer note no. 41 A, for effect of transition to Ind AS 116, classification of leases and other disclosures relating to leases.

Company as a lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income from operating lease is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income.

Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Company''s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.

(k) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

(l) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.

Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:

» Raw materials: Materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

» Finished goods and work in progress: cost includes cost of direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on the normal operating capacity.

» Traded goods: cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

» Stores, spares and packing materials are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(m) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated.

Impairment losses, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. An assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or CGU''s recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior periods/ years. Such reversal is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

(n) Provisions General

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

(o) Retirement and other employee benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognises contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognised as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance

sheet date, then excess is recognised as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan in India, which requires contributions to be made to a separately administered fund by a third party.

The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined based on projected unit credit method.

Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to Statement of Profit or Loss in subsequent periods.

Past service costs are recognised in profit or loss on the earlier of:

» The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

» The date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss:

» Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements; and

» Net interest expense or income

The Company treats accumulated leaves which are to be settled after 12 months as a long-term employee benefit and accumulated leaves which are to be settled in the next 12 months as a short-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such accumulated leaves are provided for based on an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

(p) Share-based payments

Employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments.

Equity-settled transactions

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using Black Scholes valuation model.

That cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment (SBP) reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/ or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The statement of profit and loss expense or credit for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognised in employee benefits expense. Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

(q) Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, a ‘debt instrument'' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

(a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is

calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the profit or loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables. For more information on receivables, refer to Note 9.

Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company''s balance sheet) when:

a) the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

b) the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through'' arrangement; and either

i. the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or

ii. the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company''s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained. Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

a) Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g., loans, deposits and bank balances.

b) Trade receivables that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 115.

The Company follows ‘simplified approach'' for recognition of impairment loss. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition.

If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original effective interest rate. When estimating the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:

» All contractual terms of the financial instrument (including prepayment, extension and similar options) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the financial instrument

» Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms

As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed. On that basis, the Company estimates the following provision matrix at the reporting date:

% of provision

Particulars

on outstanding

receivables

> 1 year and < 2 years

25%

> 2 years and < 3 years

50%

> 3 years

100%

Financial liabilities

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”), loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company''s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.

Subsequent measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognised in OCI. These gains/ loss are not subsequently transferred to Statement of Profit or Loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit and loss.

Loans and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost

using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss.

Reclassification of financial assets

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company''s senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company''s operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

The following table shows various reclassification and how they are accounted for:

Original classification

Revised classification

Accounting treatment

Amortised cost

FVTPL

Fair value is measured at reclassification date. Difference between previous amortised cost and fair value is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

FVTPL

Amortised Cost

Fair value at reclassification date becomes its new gross carrying amount. EIR is calculated based on the new gross carrying amount.

Amortised cost

FVTOCI

Fair value is measured at reclassification date. Difference between previous amortised cost and fair value is recognised in OCI. No change in EIR due to reclassification.

FVTOCI

Amortised cost

Fair value at reclassification date becomes its new amortised cost carrying amount. However, cumulative gain or loss in OCI is adjusted against fair value. Consequently, the asset is measured as if it had always been measured at amortised cost.

FVTPL

FVTOCI

Fair value at reclassification date becomes its new carrying amount. No other adjustment is required.

FVTOCI

FVTPL

Assets continue to be measured at fair value. Cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified to Statement of Profit and Loss at the reclassification date.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

(r) Investments in subsidiaries

In respect of equity investments, the entity prepares separate financial statements and account for its investments in subsidiaries at cost, net of impairment if any.

(s) Derivative instruments and hedge accounting

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

The purchase contracts that meet the definition of a derivative under Ind-AS 109 are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss.

Hedges of highly probable forecasted transactions

The Company classifies foreign currency forward contracts as derivative instruments in a cash flow hedging relationship to hedge foreign currency risk associated with highly probable forecasted transactions.

The use of foreign currency forward contracts is governed by the Company''s policies, which provide written principles on the use of such derivatives consistent with the Company''s risk management strategy. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

Foreign currency forward contract derivative instruments are remeasured at fair value at each reporting date. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives that are designated and effective as hedges of future cash flows are recognised directly in cash flow hedge account in reserves and surplus as a component of equity and reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss as revenue in the period corresponding to the occurrence of the forecasted transactions. Ineffective portion of such derivatives is recognised immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss.

If the hedging instrument no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, then hedge accounting is discontinued

prospectively. The cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in other comprehensive income /(loss), remains in other comprehensive income until the forecast transaction occurs. If the forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, then the balance in other comprehensive income/(loss) is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and loss.

Hedges of recognised assets and liabilities:

Changes in the fair value of derivative contracts that economically hedge monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies, and for which no hedge accounting is applied, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. The changes in fair value of such derivative contracts, as well as the foreign exchange gains and losses relating to the monetary items, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(t) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management.

(u) Research and Development

Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged to revenue in the period in which it is incurred. Capital expenditure on research and development is added to property, plant and equipment and depreciated in accordance with the policies of the Company.

(v) Measurement of EBITDA

The Company presents EBITDA in the statement of profit or loss, which is neither specifically required by Ind AS 1 nor defined under Ind AS. Ind AS complaint Schedule III allows companies to present line items, sub-line items and sub-totals shall be presented as an addition or substitution on the face of the financial statements when such presentation is relevant to an understanding of the company''s financial position or performance or to cater to industry/sector-specific disclosure requirements or when required for compliance with the amendments to the Companies Act or under the Indian Accounting Standards.

(w) New standards and interpretations not yet adopted

Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) notifies new standard or amendments to the existing standards. There is no such notification which would have been applicable from April 1,2021.


Mar 31, 2019

1. Significant accounting policies

1.1 Basis of preparation

(a) The financial statements of the Company have been

prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (''Ind AS''), under the historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period as explained in the accounting policies below, the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 (''the Act'') (to the extent notified) and guidelines issued by Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

The Ind AS are prescribed under Section 133 of the Act read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued there after.

2.2 Summary of significant accounting policies

(a) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading

- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

(b) Foreign currencies

The financial statements are presented in Indian rupees, which is the functional currency of the Company and the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.

Transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at its functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date.

Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

(c) Fair value measurement

The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

- In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

- Level 1 : Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

- Level 2 : Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

- Level 3 : Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

The Company''s chief financial officer and the financial controller of the Company determines the appropriate valuation techniques and inputs for fair value measurements. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses market-observable data to the extent it is available. Where level 1 inputs are not available, the Company engages third party qualified valuers to perform the valuation. Any change in the fair value of each asset and liability is also compared with relevant external sources to determine whether the change is reasonable.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

(d) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade discounts and volume rebates after taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. The Company derives revenues primarily from manufacture and sale of Active Pharma Ingredients (API) including intermediates, Generic Finished dosage forms (FDF) and Contract Research services (together called as "Pharmaceuticals")

Effective April 01, 2018, the Company adopted Ind AS 115, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified retrospective approach, the application of Ind AS 115 did not have any significant impact. The following is summary of new and/or revised significant accounting policies relating to revenue recognition. Refer note no 2.2 "Significant Accounting Policies," in the Company''s 2018 annual report for the policies in effect for revenue prior to April 01, 2018. The effect on adoption of Ind AS 115 was insignificant. Further, refer note no. 17 for disaggregate revenues from contracts with customers for the year ended March 31, 2019.

Sale of products

The Company recognises revenue for supply of goods to customers against orders received. The majority of contracts that company enters into relate to sales orders containing single performance obligations for the delivery of pharmaceutical products as per Ind AS 115. Product revenue is recognised when control of the goods is passed to the customer. The point at which control passes is determined based on the terms and conditions by each customer arrangement, but generally occurs on delivery to the customer. Revenue is not recognised until it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur.

The Government of India introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) with effect from July 01, 2017. Accordingly, ‘Revenue'', Revenue from operations for the year ended March 31, 2018 includes Excise duty up to June 30, 201 7. Revenue from operations of earlier periods included Excise duty which is now subsumed in GST.

Sale of services

Revenue from contract research operations is recognised based on services performed till date as a percentage of total services. The agreed milestones are specified in the contracts with customers which determine the total services to be performed.

Interest income

For all debt financial instruments measured either at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability. Interest income is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Dividends

Revenue is recognised when the Company''s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

(e) Government Grants

Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.

Export incentives are recognised as income when the right to receive credit as per the terms of the scheme is established in respect of the exports made and where there is no significant uncertainty regarding the ultimate collection of the relevant export proceeds.

(f) Taxes

Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates taxable income. Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income ("OCI") or in equity). Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provision where appropriate.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax.

The Company recognises MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. The Company reviews the “MAT credit entitlement” asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

(g) Property, plant and equipment

Under the previous GAAP (Indian GAAP), property, plant and equipment and capital work in progress were carried in the balance sheet at cost of acquisition. The Company has elected to regard those values of property, plant and equipment as deemed cost at the date of the acquisition since there is no change in the functional currency as at 1 April 2015 (date of transition to Ind AS) on the date of transition to Ind AS. The Company has also determined that cost of acquisition or construction at deemed cost as at 1 April 2015.

Capital work in progress, Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other expenses on existing property, plant and equipment, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of property, plant and equipment is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance or extends its estimated useful life.

Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

The Company, based on technical assessment and management estimate, depreciates certain items of plant and equipment and vehicles over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

(h) Intangible assets

Computer Software

Costs relating to software, which is acquired, are capitalised and amortised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of five years.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit or loss when the asset is derecognised.

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its intangible assets recognised as at April 01, 2015, measured as per the previous GAAP, and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of such intangible assets.

Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted if appropriate.

(i) Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

Company as a lessee

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease.

Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Company as a lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income from operating lease is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income.

Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Company''s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.

(j) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset.

All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

(k) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.

Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:

- Raw materials: Materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

- Finished goods and work in progress: cost includes cost of direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on the normal operating capacity.

- Traded goods: cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

- Stores, spares and packing materials are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(l) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired.

If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated.

Impairment losses, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

An assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased.

If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or CGU''s recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior periods/ years. Such reversal is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

(m) Provisions

General

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the Statement of Profit and Loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability.

When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

(n) Retirement and other employee benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan in India, which requires contributions to be made to a separately administered fund by a third party.

The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined based on projected unit credit method.

Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to Statement of Profit or Loss in subsequent periods.

Past service costs are recognised in profit or loss on the earlier of:

- The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

- The date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss:

- Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements; and

- Net interest expense or income

The Company treats accumulated leaves which are to be settled after 12 months as a long-term employee benefit and accumulated leaves which are to be settled in the next 12 months as a short-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such accumulated leaves are provided for based on an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end.

Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

(o) Share-based payments

Employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments.

Equity-settled transactions

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using Black Scholes valuation model.

That cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment (SBP) reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense.

The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The statement of profit and loss expense or credit for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognised in employee benefits expense.

Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

(p) Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, a ‘debt instrument'' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

(a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the profit or loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables. For more information on receivables, refer to Note 9.

Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company''s balance sheet) when:

a) the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

b) the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ''pass-through'' arrangement; and either

i. the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or

ii. the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company''s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

a) Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g., loans, deposits and bank balances.

b) Trade receivables that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 115.

The Company follows ‘simplified approach'' for recognition of impairment loss. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition.

If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used.

If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original effective interest rate. When estimating the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:

- All contractual terms of the financial instrument (including prepayment, extension and similar options) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the financial instrument

- Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms

As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed. On that basis, the Company estimates the following provision matrix at the reporting date:

Financial liabilities

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss ("FVTPL"), loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company''s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.

Subsequent measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/ loss are not subsequently transferred to Statement of Profit or Loss. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss.

The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit and loss.

Loans and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.

When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss.

Reclassification of financial assets

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company''s senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company''s operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

(q) Investments in subsidiaries

In respect of equity investments, the entity prepares separate financial statements and account for its investments in subsidiaries at cost.

(r) Derivative instruments and hedge accounting

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

The purchase contracts that meet the definition of a derivative under Ind-AS 109 are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss.

Hedges of highly probable forecasted transactions

The Company classifies foreign currency forward contracts as derivative instruments in a cash flow hedging relationship to hedge foreign currency risk associated with highly probable forecasted transactions.

The use of foreign currency forward contracts is governed by the Company''s policies, which provide written principles on the use of such derivatives consistent with the Company''s risk management strategy. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

Foreign currency forward contract derivative instruments are remeasured at fair value at each reporting date. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives that are designated and effective as hedges of future cash flows are recognised directly in cash flow hedge account in reserves and surplus as a component of equity and reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss as revenue in the period corresponding to the occurrence of the forecasted transactions.

Ineffective portion of such derivatives is recognised immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss.

If the hedging instrument no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. The cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in other comprehensive income /(loss), remains in other comprehensive income until the forecast transaction occurs. If the forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, then the balance in other comprehensive income/(loss) is recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and loss.

Hedges of recognised assets and liabilities:

Changes in the fair value of derivative contracts that economically hedge monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies, and for which no hedge accounting is applied, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss. The changes in fair value of such derivative contracts, as well as the foreign exchange gains and losses relating to the monetary items, are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(s) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management.

(t) Research and Development

Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged to revenue in the period in which it is incurred. Capital expenditure on research and development is added to property, plant and equipment and depreciated in accordance with the policies of the Company.

(u) Measurement of EBITDA

The Company presents EBITDA in the statement of profit or loss, which is neither specifically required by Ind AS 1 nor defined under Ind AS. Ind AS complaint Schedule III allows companies to present line items, sub-line items and sub-totals shall be presented as an addition or substitution on the face of the financial statements when such presentation is relevant to an understanding of the company''s financial position or performance or to cater to industry/sector-specific disclosure requirements or when required for compliance with the amendments to the Companies Act or under the Indian Accounting Standards.

(v) New standards and interpretations not yet adopted

Ind AS 116 Leases:

On March 30, 2019, Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified Ind AS 116, Leases. Ind AS 116 will replace the existing leases Standard, Ind AS 17 Leases, and related Interpretations. The Standard sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract i.e., the lessee and the lessor. Ind AS 116 introduces a single lessee accounting model and requires a lessee to recognize assets and liabilities for all leases with a term of more than twelve months, unless the underlying asset is of low value. Currently, operating lease expenses are charged to the statement of Profit & Loss. The Standard also contains enhanced disclosure requirements for lessees. Ind AS 116 substantially carries forward the lessor accounting requirements in Ind AS 17.

The effective date for adoption of Ind AS 116 is annual periods beginning on or after April 1, 2019.

The Company is evaluating the effect of adoption on the financial statements.

Amendment to Ind AS 12 - Income taxes:

On March 30, 2019, Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued amendments to the guidance in Ind AS 12, ‘Income Taxes'', in connection with accounting for dividend distribution taxes. The amendment clarifies that an entity shall recognise the income tax consequences of dividends in profit or loss, other comprehensive income or equity according to where the entity originally recognised those past transactions or events.

Effective date for application of this amendment is annual period beginning on or after April 1, 2019. The Company is evaluating the effect of this amendment on the financial statements.

Amendment to Ind AS 19 - plan amendment, curtailment or settlement

On March 30, 2019, Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued amendments to Ind AS 19, ‘Employee Benefits'', in connection with accounting for plan amendments, curtailments and settlements.

The amendments require an entity:

- to use updated assumptions to determine current service cost and net interest for the remainder of the period after a plan amendment, curtailment or settlement; and

- to recognise in profit or loss as part of past service cost, or a gain or loss on settlement, any reduction in a surplus, even if that surplus was not previously recognised because of the impact of the asset ceiling.

Effective date for application of this amendment is annual period beginning on or after April 1, 2019. The Company is evaluating the effect of this amendment on the financial statements.

Ind AS 12 Appendix C Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments:

On March 30, 2019, Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified Ind AS 12 Appendix C, Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments which is to be applied while performing the determination of taxable profit (or loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates, when there is uncertainty over income tax treatments under Ind AS 12. According to the appendix, companies need to determine the probability of the relevant tax authority accepting each tax treatment, or group of tax treatments, that the companies have used or plan to use in their income tax filing which has to be considered to compute the most likely amount or the expected value of the tax treatment when determining taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates.

The effective date for adoption of Ind AS 12 Appendix C is annual periods beginning on or after April 1, 2019.

The Company is evaluating the effect of this amendment on the financial statements.


Mar 31, 2018

(a) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading

- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

(b) Foreign currencies

The financial statements are presented in Indian rupees, which is the functional currency of the Company and the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.

Transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at its functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date.

Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

(c) Fair value measurement

The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

- In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

- Level 1 : Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

- Level 2 : Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

- Level 3 : Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

The Company’s chief financial officer and the financial controller of the Company determines the appropriate valuation techniques and inputs for fair value measurements. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses market-observable data to the extent it is available. Where level 1 inputs are not available, the Company engages third party qualified valuers to perform the valuation. Any change in the fair value of each asset and liability is also compared with relevant external sources to determine whether the change is reasonable.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

(d) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. The Company has concluded that it is the principal in all of its revenue arrangements since it is the primary obligor in all the revenue arrangements as it has pricing latitude and is also exposed to inventory and credit risks.

The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognised.

Sale of products

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of the goods and acceptance by the buyer.

Any additional amount based on the terms of the agreement entered into with customers, is recognised in the period when the collectability of the profit share becomes probable and a reliable measure of the profit share is available. Revenue from the sale of goods is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade discounts and volume rebates.

Based on the Educational Material on Ind AS 18 issued by the ICAI, the Company has assumed that recovery of excise duty flows to the Company on its own account. This is for the reason that it is a liability of the manufacturer which forms part of the cost of production, irrespective of whether the goods are sold or not. Since the recovery of excise duty flows to the Company on its own account, revenue includes excise duty.

However, sales tax/ value added tax (VAT) is not received by the Company on its own account. Rather, it is tax collected on value added to the commodity by the seller on behalf of the government. Accordingly, it is excluded from revenue.

The Government of India introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) with effect from July 01, 2017. Accordingly, in compliance with Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) 18 - ‘Revenue’, Revenue from operations for for the year ended March 31, 2018 includes Excise duty up to June 30, 2017. Revenue from operations of earlier periods included Excise duty which is now subsumed in GST.

Sale of services

Revenue from contract research operations is recognised based on services performed till date as a percentage of total services. The agreed milestones are specified in the contracts with customers which determine the total services to be performed.

Interest income

For all debt financial instruments measured either at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability. Interest income is included in finance income in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Dividends

Revenue is recognised when the Company’s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

(e) Government grants

Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.

Export incentives are recognised as income when the right to receive credit as per the terms of the scheme is established in respect of the exports made and where there is no significant uncertainty regarding the ultimate collection of the relevant export proceeds.

(f) Taxes

Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates taxable income. Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provision where appropriate.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as current tax. The Company recognises MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. The Company reviews the “MAT credit entitlement” asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

(g) Property, plant and equipment

Under the previous GAAP (Indian GAAP), property, plant and equipment and capital wok in progress were carried in the balance sheet at cost of acquisition.

The Company has elected to regard those values of property, plant and equipment as deemed cost at the date of the acquisition since there is no change in the functional currency as at 1 April 2015 (date of transition to Ind AS) on the date of transition to Ind AS. The Company has also determined that cost of acquisition or construction at deemed cost as at 1 April 2015 .

Capital work-in progress, Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other expenses on existing property, plant and equipment, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of property, plant and equipment is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance or extends its estimated useful life.

Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

Factory buildings : 30 years

Other buildings : 60 years

Plant and equipment : 5 to 20 years

Furniture and fixtures : 10 years

Vehicles : 5 years

Computers : 3 to 6 years

The Company, based on technical assessment and management estimate, depreciates certain items of plant and equipment and vehicles over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

(h) Intangible assets Computer Software

Costs relating to software, which is acquired, are capitalised and amortised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of five years.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its intangible assets recognised as at April 01, 2015, measured as per the previous GAAP, and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of such intangible assets.

Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted if appropriate.

(i) Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

Company as a lessee

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease.

Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Company as a lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income from operating lease is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income.

Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Company’s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.

(j) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

(k) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.

Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:

- Raw materials: Materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

- Finished goods and work in progress: cost includes cost of direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on the normal operating capacity.

- Traded goods: cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

- Stores, spares and packing materials are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(l) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating unit’s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company’s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated.

Impairment losses, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. An assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset’s or CGU’s recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior periods/ years. Such reversal is recognised in the statement of profit or loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

(m) Provisions General

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

(n) Retirement and other employee benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the Balance Sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the Balance Sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the prepayment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan in India, which requires contributions to be made to a separately administered fund by a third party.

The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined based on projected unit credit method.

Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the Balance Sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through other comprehensive income (“OCI”) in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to Statement of Profit and Loss in subsequent periods.

Past service costs are recognised in profit or loss on the earlier of:

- The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

- The date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss:

- Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements; and

- Net interest expense or income

The Company treats accumulated leaves which are to be settled after 12 months as a long-term employee benefit and accumulated leaves which are to be settled in the next 12 months as a short-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such accumulated leaves are provided for based on an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

(o) Share-based payments

Employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments.

Equity-settled transactions

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using Black Scholes valuation model.

That cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment (SBP) reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/ or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company’s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The statement of profit and loss expense or credit for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognised in employee benefits expense.

Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Company’s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

(p) Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.

Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, a ‘debt instrument’ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

(a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the profit or loss.

This category generally applies to trade and other receivables. For more information on receivables, refer to Note 9.

Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company’s balance sheet) when:

a) the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

b) the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through’ arrangement; and either

i. the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or

ii. the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

a) Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g., loans, deposits and bank balances.

b) Trade receivables that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 18.

The Company follows ‘simplified approach’ for recognition of impairment loss. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used.

If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original effective interest rate. When estimating the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:

All contractual terms of the financial instrument (including prepayment, extension and similar options) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the financial instrument

Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms

As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed. On that basis, the Company estimates the following provision matrix at the reporting date:

Financial liabilities

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.

Subsequent measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/ loss are not subsequently transferred to P&L. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit and loss.

Loans and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

Reclassification of financial assets

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company’s senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company’s operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

(q) Investments in subsidiaries and associates

In respect of equity investments, the entity prepares separate financial statements and account for its investments in subsidiaries and associates at cost.

(r) Derivative financial instruments

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

The purchase contracts that meet the definition of a derivative under Ind-AS 109 are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss.

(s) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company’s cash management.

(t) Research and Development

Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged to revenue in the period in which it is incurred. Capital expenditure on research and development is added to property, plant and equipment and depreciated in accordance with the policies of the Company.

(u) Measurement of EBITDA

The Company presents EBITDA in the statement of profit or loss, which is neither specifically required by Ind AS 1 nor defined under Ind AS. Ind AS complaint Schedule III allows companies to present line items, sub-line items and sub-totals shall be presented as an addition or substitution on the face of the financial statements when such presentation is relevant to an understanding of the company’s financial position or performance or to cater to industry/sector-specific disclosure requirements or when required for compliance with the amendments to the Companies Act or under the Indian Accounting Standards. Accordingly, the Company has elected to present EBITDA as a separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss and does not include depreciation and amortization expense, finance income, finance costs, share of profit/ loss from associate and tax expense in the measurement of EBITDA.

(v) New standards and interpretations not yet adopted

Appendix B to Ind AS 21, Foreign currency transactions and advance consideration:

On March 28, 2018, Ministry of Corporate Affairs (““MCA”“) has notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2018 containing Appendix B to Ind AS 21, Foreign currency transactions and advance consideration which clarifies the date of the transaction for the purpose of determining the exchange rate to use on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income, when an entity has received or paid advance consideration in a foreign currency.

The amendment will come into force from April 1, 2018. The Company is evaluating the requirement of the amendment and the effect of the financial statements.

Ind AS 115- Revenue from Contract with Customers:

On March 28, 2018, Ministry of Corporate Affairs (““MCA”“) has notified the Ind AS 115, Revenue from Contract with Customers. The core principle of the new standard is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Further the new standard requires enhanced disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity’s contracts with customers.

The standard permits two possible methods of transition:

(a) Retrospective approach - Under this approach the standard will be applied retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented in accordance with Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors.

(b) Retrospectively with cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognised at the date of initial application (Cumulative catch - up approach)

The effective date for adoption of Ind AS 115 is financial periods beginning on or after April 1, 2018. The Company is evaluating the requirement of the amendment and the effect of the financial statements.


Mar 31, 2017

1. Corporate information

Laurus Labs Limited (formerly known as Laurus Labs Private Limited) (the “Company") offers a broad and integrated portfolio of Active Pharmaceuticals Ingredients (API) including intermediates, Generic Finished forms (FDF) and Contract Research services to cater to the needs of the global pharmaceutical industry. The Company is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. The Company''s shares are listed on two recognized stock exchanges in India. The registered office of the company is located at Plot no. 21, Jawaharlal Nehru Pharma city, Parawada, Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India - 531201.

The Company is equipped with API manufacturing facilities situated in Jawaharlal Nehru Pharma City at Visakhapatnam, FDF drug manufacturing facility situated in Achutapuram at Visakhapatnam and a Research and Development Centre in IKP Knowledge Park at Hyderabad.

These separate financial statements were authorized by the Board of Directors for issue in accordance with their resolution dated May 18, 2017.

2. Significant accounting policies

2.1 Basis of preparation

(a) The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (''Ind AS'') notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time). For all periods up to and including the year ended March 31, 2016, the Company had prepared its financial statements in accordance with accounting standards notified under section 133 of the Companies Act 2013, read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 (''Indian GAAP''). With effect from April 01, 2016, the Company is required to prepare its financial statements under the Indian Accounting Standards (''Ind AS'') prescribed under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended. The Company has adopted all the Ind AS standards and the adoption was carried out in accordance with Ind AS 101 - ''First time adoption of Indian Accounting Standards''. Refer note 41 for information on how the Company has adopted Ind AS. Reconciliations and descriptions of the effect of the transition has been summarized in note 42.

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value or revalued amount:

- Derivative financial instruments, Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments).

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees and all values are rounded to the nearest millions, except otherwise indicated.

2.2 Summary of significant accounting policies

(a) Current versus non-current classification The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ noncurrent classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading

- Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other assets are classified as non-current. A liability is current when:

- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

(b) Foreign currencies

The financial statements are presented in Indian rupees, which is the functional currency of the Company and the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.

Transactions and balances Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Company at its functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date.

Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognized in profit or loss.

(c) Fair value measurement

The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

- In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1 : Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 : Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

- Level 3 : Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

The Company''s chief financial officer determines the appropriate valuation techniques and inputs for fair value measurements. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses market-observable data to the extent it is available. Where level 1 inputs are not available, the Company engages third party qualified valuers to perform the valuation. Any change in the fair value of each asset and liability is also compared with relevant external sources to determine whether the change is reasonable.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

(d) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. The Company has concluded that it is the principal in all of its revenue arrangements since it is the primary obligor in all the revenue arrangements as it has pricing latitude and is also exposed to inventory and credit risks.

The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognized.

Sale of products

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of the goods and acceptance by the buyer. Any additional amount based on the terms of the agreement entered into with customers, is recognized in the period when the collectability of the profit share becomes probable and a reliable measure of the profit share is available. Revenue from the sale of goods is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade discounts and volume rebates.

Based on the Educational Material on Ind AS 18 issued by the ICAI, the Company has assumed that recovery of excise duty flows to the Company on its own account. This is for the reason that it is a liability of the manufacturer which forms part of the cost of production, irrespective of whether the goods are sold or not. Since the recovery of excise duty flows to the Company on its own account, revenue includes excise duty.

However, sales tax/ value added tax (VAT) is not received by the Company on its own account. Rather, it is tax collected on value added to the commodity by the seller on behalf of the government. Accordingly, it is excluded from revenue.

Sale of services

Revenue from contract research operations is recognized based on services performed till date as a percentage of total services. The agreed milestones are specified in the contracts with customers which determine the total services to be performed.

Interest income

For all debt financial instruments measured either at amortized cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortized cost of a financial liability. Interest income is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss

Dividends

Revenue is recognized when the Company''s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.

(e) Government Grants

Government grants are recognized where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.

Export incentives are recognized as income under other operating revenue when the right to receive credit as per the terms of the scheme is established in respect of the exports made and where there is no significant uncertainty regarding the ultimate collection of the relevant export proceeds.

(f ) Taxes

Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates taxable income. Current income tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provision where appropriate.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits (MAT Credit) and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized, except:

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

(g) Property, plant and equipment

Under the previous GAAP (Indian GAAP), property, plant and equipment and capital wok in progress were carried in the balance sheet at cost of acquisition. The Company has elected to regard those values of property, plant and equipment as deemed cost at the date of the acquisition since there is no change in the functional currency as at 1 April 2015 (date of transition to Ind AS) on the date of transition to Ind AS. The Company has also determined that cost of acquisition or construction at deemed cost as at 1 April 2015.

Capital work in progress, Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other expenses on existing property, plant and equipment, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of property, plant and equipment is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance or extends its estimated useful life.

Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:.

Factory buildings : 30 years

Other buildings : 60 years

Plant and equipment : 5 to 20 years

Furniture and fixtures : 10 years

Vehicles : 5 years

Computers : 3 to 6 years

The Company, based on technical assessment and management estimate, depreciates certain items of plant and equipment and vehicles over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de recognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

(h) Intangible assets Computer Software

Costs relating to software, which is acquired, are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of five years.

Gains or losses arising from de recognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit or loss when the asset is derecognized.

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its intangible assets recognized as at April 01, 2015, measured as per the previous GAAP, and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of such intangible assets.

Amortization method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted if appropriate. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortization expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognized in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.

(i) Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

For arrangements entered into prior to 1 April 2015, the Company has determined whether the arrangement contain lease on the basis of facts and circumstances existing on the date of transition.

Company as a lessee

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease.

Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Company as a lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income from operating lease is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognized over the lease term on the same basis as rental income.

Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Company''s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.

(j) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

(k) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined on weighted average basis.

Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:

- Raw materials: Materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

yFinished goods and work in progress: cost includes cost of direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on the normal operating capacity.

- Traded goods: cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

- Stores, spares and packing materials are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(l) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating units (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated.

Impairment losses, including impairment on inventories, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss. For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognized impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or CGU''s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior periods/ years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit or loss.

(m) Provisions General

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognized as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

I f the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.

(n) Retirement and other employee benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan in India, which requires contributions to be made to a separately administered fund by a third party.

The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined based on projected unit credit method.

Re measurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognized immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Re measurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.

Past service costs are recognized in profit or loss on the earlier of:

- The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

- The date that the Company recognizes related restructuring costs

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The Company recognizes the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss:

Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements; and

- Net interest expense or income

The Company treats accumulated leaves which are to be settled after 12 months as a long-term employee benefit and accumulated leaves which are to be settled in the next 12 months as a short-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such accumulated leaves are provided for based on an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the entire liability in respect of leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement beyond 12 months after the reporting date.

(o) Share-based payments

Employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments.

Equity-settled transactions The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using Black Scholes valuation model.

That cost is recognized, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment (SBP) reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognized for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The statement of profit and loss expense or credit for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognized as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognized in employee benefits expense.

Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

(p) Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets

Initial recognition and measurement All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognized on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

Subsequent measurement For purposes of subsequent measurement, a ''debt instrument'' is measured at the amortized cost if both the following conditions are met:

(a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included in finance income in the profit or loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.

For purposes of subsequent measurement, Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL. FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments.

In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ''accounting mismatch''). The Company has not designated any debt instrument as at FVTPL due to recognition inconsistency.

Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the P&L Further, All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. For equity instruments which are not held for trading, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable. If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to P&L, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the P&L.

De recognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognized (i.e. removed from the Company''s balance sheet) when:

a) the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

b) t he Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ''pass-through'' arrangement; and either

i. the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or

ii. the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognize the transferred asset to the extent of the Company''s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognizes an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

Impairment of financial assets In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

a) Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortized cost e.g., loans, deposits and bank balances.

b) Trade receivables that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 18.

The Company follows ''simplified approach'' for recognition of impairment loss. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL. Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original effective interest rate. When estimating the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:

- All contractual terms of the financial instrument (including prepayment, extension and similar options) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the financial instrument Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms

As a practical expedient, the Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on portfolio of its trade receivables. The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward-looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analyzed. On that basis, the Company estimates the following provision

Financial liabilities Initial recognition and measurement Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company''s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts, financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.

Subsequent measurement The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/ loss are not subsequently transferred to P&L. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognized in the statement of profit or loss. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit and loss.

Loans and borrowings After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR amortization process.

Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

De recognition

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the statement of profit or loss.

Reclassification of financial assets The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company''s senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company''s operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognized gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

(q) Investments in subsidiaries and associate

In respect of equity investments, when an entity prepares separate financial statements, Ind AS 27 requires it to account for its investments in subsidiaries and associate either:

(a) at cost; or

(b) in accordance with Ind AS 109.

If a first-time adopter measures such an investment at cost in accordance with Ind AS 27, it shall measure that investment at one of the following amounts in its opening Ind AS Balance Sheet:

(a) cost determined in accordance with Ind AS 27; or

(b) deemed cost. The deemed cost of such an investment shall be its:

(i) fair value at the entity''s date of transition to Ind ASs in its separate financial statements; or

(ii) previous GAAP carrying amount at that date.

A first-time adopter may choose either (i) or (ii) above to measure its investment in each subsidiary or associate that it elects to measure using a deemed cost.

Since the company is a first time adopter it has measured its investment in subsidiary and associate at deemed cost in accordance with Ind AS 27 by taking previous GAAP carrying amount.

(r) Derivative financial instruments

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

The purchase contracts that meet the definition of a derivative under Ind-AS 109 are recognized in the statement of profit and loss. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss.

(s) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management.

(t) Research and Development

Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged to the statement of profit and loss in the year in which it is incurred. The Company does not generate any intangible asset internally.

(u) Measurement of EBITDA

The Company presents EBITDA in the statement of profit or loss, which is neither specifically required by Ind AS 1 nor defined under Ind AS. Ind AS complaint Schedule III allows companies to present line items, sub line items and sub-totals shall be presented as an addition or substitution on the face of the financial statements when such presentation is relevant to an understanding of the company''s financial position or performance or to cater to industry/sector-specific disclosure requirements or when required for compliance with the amendments to the Companies Act or under the Indian Accounting Standards. Accordingly, the Company has elected to present EBITDA as a separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss and does not include depreciation and amortization expense, finance income, finance costs, share of profit/ loss from associate and tax expense in the measurement of EBITDA.

(v) Standards issued but not yet effective

In March 2017, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendments) Rules, 2017, notifying amendments to Ind AS 7, ''Statement of cash flows'' and Ind AS 102, ''Share-based payment.'' The amendments are applicable to the Company from April 1, 2017.

Amendment to Ind AS 7:

The amendment to Ind AS 7 requires the entities to provide disclosures that enable users of financial statements to evaluate changes in liabilities arising from financing activities, including both changes arising from cash flows and non-cash changes, suggesting inclusion of a reconciliation between the opening and closing balances in the balance sheet for liabilities arising from financing activities, to meet the disclosure requirement. The Company is evaluating the requirements of the amendment and the effect on the financial statements is being evaluated. These amendments does not have any recognition or measurement impact but requires additional disclosure to be given by the Company.

Amendment to Ind AS 102:

The amendment to Ind AS 102 provides specific guidance to measurement of cash-settled awards, modification of cash-settled awards and awards that include a net settlement feature in respect of withholding taxes. It clarifies that the fair value of cash-settled awards is determined on a basis consistent with that used for equity-settled awards. Market-based performance conditions and non-vesting conditions are reflected in the ''fair values'', but non-market performance conditions and service vesting conditions are reflected in the estimate of the number of awards expected to vest. Also, the amendment clarifies that if the terms and conditions of a cash-settled share-based payment transaction are modified with the result that it becomes an equity-settled share-based payment transaction, the transaction is accounted for as such from the date of the modification. Further, the amendment requires the award that include a net settlement feature in respect of withholding taxes to be treated as equity-settled in its entirety. The cash payment to the tax authority is treated as if it was part of an equity settlement. The Company does not have any cash-settled share based payments and accordingly there is no impact on the financial statements is being evaluated.


Mar 31, 2016

to financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2016

1. CORPORATE INFORMATION

Laurus Labs Private Limited offers a broad and integrated portfolio of Active Pharma Ingredients (API) including intermediates, Generic Finished dosage forms (FDF) and Contract Research services to cater to the needs of the global pharmaceutical industry. The Company is equipped with API manufacturing facilities situated in Jawaharlal Nehru Pharma City at Visakhapatnam, FDF Drug manufacturing facility situated in Achyutapuram at Visakhapatnam and a Research and Development Centre situated in IKP Knowledge Park at Hyderabad.

2. BASIS OF PREPARATION

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared as a going concern in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP) and comply in all material respects with the applicable accounting standards notified under section 133 of the Companies Act 2013, read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014. The financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the historical cost convention. The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of financial statements are consistent with those of previous year.

2.1 Summary of significant accounting policies

a. Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the Management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting year. Although these estimates are based on the Management’s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcome requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future years.

b. Tangible Fixed Assets

Tangible Fixed assets are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance or extends its estimated useful life. All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

Gains or losses arising from de recognition of fixed assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is de recognized.

c. Depreciation on tangible Fixed Assets

i. Land acquired on lease is amortized over the period of lease.

Depreciation on fixed assets is calculated on a straight-line basis using the rates arrived at based on the useful lives estimated by the management. The management has estimated, supported by independent assessment by professionals, the useful lives of the following classes of assets.

d. Intangible Assets

Computer Software’s

i. Costs relating to software, which is acquired, are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of five years.

ii. Expenditure incurred on development of internally generated assets such as software from which future economic benefits will flow over a period of time is amortized over the estimated useful life or 5 years on a straight line basis, whichever is earlier.

e. Leases

Where the Company is a Lessee Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.

f. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs include interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the year they occur.

g. Impairment

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating units (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or group of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

h. Investments

Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.

On initial recognition, all investments are measured at cost. The cost comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties.

Long-term investments are carried at cost. Provision is made for diminution in value to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments. On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

i. Inventories

Raw materials and packing materials are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost of raw materials and packing materials is determined on a weighted average basis.

Work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads. Cost of finished goods is determined on a weighted average basis.

Traded goods are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value.

Stores and spares are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost of stores and spares is determined on a weighted average basis.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

j. Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized:

Sale of Products

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of the goods and acceptance by the buyer and any the additional amount is recognized based on the terms of the agreement entered into with customers, in the period when the collectability of the profit share becomes probable and a reliable measure of the profit share is available. The Company collects sales taxes and value added taxes (VAT) on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the Company. They are, therefore, excluded from revenue. Excise duty deducted from revenue (gross) is the amount that is included in the revenue (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arising during the year.

Sale of Services

Revenue from contract research operations is recognized in accordance with the terms of the relevant contracts with customers and when the agreed milestones are achieved, which are substantiated by the performance of related service work.

Interest Income

Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head “other income” in the statement of profit and loss.

k. Foreign currency translation i. Initial Recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the prevailing exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

ii. Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.

iii. Exchange Differences

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Company’s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

iv. Forward Exchange Contracts not intended for trading or speculation purposes

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contracts is amortized and recognized as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward exchange contracts is recognized as income or as expense for the year.

l. Retirement and other employee benefits

Retirement benefits in the form of provident fund contribution and superannuation are defined contribution schemes. The contributions to the provident fund and superannuation fund are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the year when the contributions are due. The Company has no obligation, other than the contributions payable to the funds.

Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

The Company treats accumulated leave, as a long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/ losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the entire liability in respect of leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date.

m. Taxes on Income

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, the entire deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realized against future taxable profits. At each balance sheet date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred tax assets and accounts for unrecognized deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date. The Company writes down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax assets can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax.

The Company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as “MAT Credit Entitlement.” The Company reviews the “MAT credit entitlement” asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

n. Employee stock options

Measurement and disclosure of the employee stock options are made in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share Based Payments Plans, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock options using the fair value method. Compensation expenses, if any, is amortized over the vesting period of the options on a straight line basis.

o. Segment Reporting Policies Identification of segments

The Company’s operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operations of the Company are carried out and location of its customers.

Inter-segment transfers

The Company generally accounts for intersegment sales and transfers at cost plus appropriate margins. Inter segment profit/ charge is eliminated on combination of segmental results for the preparation of the accounts of the Company as a whole.

Allocation of common costs

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.

Unallocated items

The unallocated items include general corporate income and expense items which are not allocable to any business segment.

Segment accounting policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

p. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

q. Provisions

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

Where the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognized as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to any provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

r. Deferred Revenue expenditure/Unamortized expenditure

Costs incurred in raising funds are amortized equally over the period for which the borrowings are undertaken.

s. Contingent Liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that may arise as a result of past events whose existence may be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

t. Cash and Cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of the cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

u. Research and development

Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged to revenue in the year in which it is incurred. Capital expenditure on research and development is added to fixed assets and depreciated in accordance with the policies of the Company.

v. Measurement of EBITDA

The Company has elected to present earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) as a separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. The Company measures EBITDA on the basis of profit/ (loss) from continuing operations. In its measurement, the Company does not include depreciation and amortization expense, finance costs and tax expense.


Mar 31, 2015

to financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2015

1. CORPORATE INFORMATION

Laurus Labs Private Limited offers a broad and integrated portfolio of Active Pharma Ingredients (API) including intermediates and Contract Research services to cater to the needs of the global pharmaceutical industry. The Company is equipped with an Active Pharma Ingredients (API) manufacturing facilities situated in Jawaharlal Nehru Pharma City at Visakhapatnam and a Research and Development Centre in IKP Knowledge Park at Hyderabad.

2. BASIS OF PREPARATION

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared as a going concern in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP) and comply in all material respects with the applicable accounting standards notified under section 133 of the Companies Act 2013, read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014. The financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the historical cost convention. The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of financial statements are consistent with those of previous year, except for the change in accounting policy explained below.

2a. Change in Accounting Policy/ estimate:

Depreciation on fixed assets Till the year ended March 31, 2014, Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, prescribed requirements concerning depreciation of fixed assets. From the current year, Schedule XIV has been replaced by Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The applicability of Schedule II has resulted in the following changes related to depreciation of fixed assets.

(a) Useful lives/ depreciation rates

Till the year ended March 31, 2014, depreciation rates prescribed under Schedule XIV were treated as minimum rates and the Company was not allowed to charge depreciation at lower rates even if such lower rates were justified by the estimated useful life of the asset. Schedule II to the Companies Act 2013 prescribes useful lives for fixed assets which, in many cases, are different from lives prescribed under the erstwhile Schedule XIV. However, Schedule II allows companies to use higher/ lower useful lives and residual values if such useful lives and residual values can be technically supported and justification for difference is disclosed in the financial statements.

Considering the applicability of Schedule II, the management has re-estimated useful lives and residual values of all its fixed assets. The management believes that depreciation rates currently used fairly reflect its estimate of the useful lives and residual values of fixed assets, though these rates in certain cases are different from lives prescribed under Schedule II.

Had the Company continued to use the earlier estimated useful life of fixed assets for providing depreciation, the charge to Statement of profit and loss for the current year would have been lower by Rs. 59.56 and the net block of fixed assets and profit before tax would have been higher by Rs. 59.56.

b) Depreciation on assets costing Rs. 5,000/- or less Till year ended March 31, 2014, to comply with the requirements of Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, the Company was charging 100% depreciation on assets costing less than Rs. 5,000/- in the year of purchase. However, Schedule II to the Companies Act 2013, applicable from the current year, does not recognize such practice. Hence, to comply with the requirement of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, the Company has changed its accounting policy for depreciations of assets costing less than Rs. 5,000/-. As per the revised policy, the Company is depreciating such assets over their useful life as assessed by the management. The management has decided to apply the revised accounting policy prospectively from accounting periods commencing on or after April 01, 2014.

The change in accounting for depreciation of assets costing less than Rs. 5,000/- did not have any material impact on financial statements of the Company for the current year.

2.1 Summary of significant accounting policies

a. Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the

Management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting year. Although these estimates are based on the Management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcome requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future years.

b. Tangible Fixed Assets

Tangible Fixed assets are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance or extends its estimated useful life. All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

Gains or losses arising from de recognition of fixed assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is de recognized.

c. Depreciation on tangible Fixed Assets

i. Land acquired on lease is amortized over the period of lease.

Depreciation on fixed assets is calculated on a straight-line basis using the rates arrived at based on the useful lives estimated by the management. The management has estimated, supported by independent assessment by professionals, the useful lives of the following classes of assets.

d. Intangible Assets

Computer Software’s

i. Costs relating to software, which is acquired, are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of five years.

ii. Expenditure incurred on development of internally generated assets such as software from which future economic benefits will flow over a period of time is amortized over the estimated useful life or 5 years on a straight line basis, whichever is earlier.

e. Leases

Where the Company is a Lessee Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.

f. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs include interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the year they occur.

g. Impairment

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating units (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or group of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pretax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

h. Investments

Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.

On initial recognition, all investments are measured at cost. The cost comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties.

Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. Provision is made for diminution in value to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments. On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

i. Inventories

Raw materials and packing materials are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost of raw materials and packing materials is determined on a weighted average basis.

Work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads. Cost of finished goods is determined on a weighted average basis.

Traded goods are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value.

Stores and spares are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost of stores and spares is determined on a weighted average basis.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

j. Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized:

Sale of Products

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of the goods and acceptance by the buyer and any the additional amount is recognized based on the terms of the agreement entered into with customers, in the period when the collectability of the profit share becomes probable and a reliable measure of the profit share is available. The Company collects sales taxes and value added taxes (VAT) on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the Company. They are, therefore, excluded from revenue. Excise duty deducted from revenue (gross) is the amount that is included in the revenue (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arising during the year.

Sale of Services

Revenue from contract research operations is recognized in accordance with the terms of the relevant contracts with customers and when the related services are performed or the agreed milestones are achieved.

Interest Income

Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head “other income" in the statement of profit and loss.

Dividend Income

Dividend income is recognized when the Company''s right to receive the dividend is established by the reporting date.

k. Foreign currency translation

i. Initial Recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the prevailing exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

ii. Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Nonmonetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.

iii. Exchange Differences

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

iv. Forward Exchange Contracts not intended for trading or speculation purposes

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contracts is amortized and recognized as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward exchange contracts is recognized as income or as expense for the year.

l. Retirement and other employee benefits

Retirement benefits in the form of provident fund contribution and superannuation are defined contribution schemes. The contributions to the provident fund and superannuation fund are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the year when the contributions are due. The Company has no obligation, other than the contributions payable to the funds.

Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

The Company treats accumulated leave, as a long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the entire liability in respect of leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date.

m. Taxes on Income

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, the entire deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realized against future taxable profits. At each balance sheet date, the Company reassesses unrecognized deferred tax assets and accounts for unrecognized deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date. The Company writes down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax assets can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as “MAT Credit Entitlement" The Company reviews the “MAT credit entitlement” asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

n. Employee stock options

Measurement and disclosure of the employee stock options is made in accordance with the

Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share Based Payments Plans, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock options using the fair value method. Compensation expenses, if any, is amortized over the vesting period of the options on a straight line basis.

o. Segment Reporting Policies Identification of segments

The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

Inter-segment transfers The Company generally accounts for intersegment sales and transfers at cost plus appropriate margins.

Allocation of common costs Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.

Unallocated items

The unallocated items include general corporate income and expense items which are not allocable to any business segment.

Segment accounting policies The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

p. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

q. Provisions

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

Where the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognized as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to any provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

r. Deferred Revenue expenditure/Unamortized expenditure

Costs incurred in raising funds are amortized equally over the period for which the borrowings are undertaken.

s. Contingent Liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that may arise as a result of past events whose existence may be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The

Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

t. Cash and Cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of the cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

u. Research and development

Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged to revenue in the year in which it is incurred. Capital expenditure on research and development is added to fixed assets and depreciated in accordance with the policies of the Company.

v. Measurement of EBITDA

As permitted by the Guidance Note on the Revised Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, the Company has elected to present earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) as a separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. The Company measures EBITDA on the basis of profit/ (loss) from continuing operations. In its measurement, the Company does not include depreciation and amortization expense, finance costs and tax expense.


Mar 31, 2014

1. Corporate Information

“Laurus Labs Private Limited offers a broad and integrated portfolio of Active Pharma Ingredients (API) including intermediates, Contract Research services to cater to the needs of the global pharmaceutical industry and renders Software Services (Infosystems) (up to February 28, 2014). The Company is equipped with a Active Pharma Ingredients (API) manufacturing facility situated in Jawaharlal Nehru Pharma City at Visakhapatnam, a Research and Development Centre in IKP Knowledge Park at Hyderabad and a Software solutions centre in White field at Bengaluru (up to February 28, 2014).

2. Basis of Preparation

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (Indian GAAP). The Company has prepared these financial statements to comply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial statements have been prepared as a going concern on an accrual basis and under the historical cost convention. The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and except for the change in accounting policy discussed more fully below, are consistent with those used in the previous year.

2a. Change in Accounting Policy:

During the year, the Company has implemented the Enterprise Resource Planning on SAP Application. Accordingly, the Company has changed its method of valuation of Inventory of Stores & Spares from the earlier method i.e. First In First Out Basis (FIFO) to transaction moving weighted average method. This change, however, does not have any material impact on the profit for the current year.

2.1 Summary of significant accounting policies a. Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the Management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting year. Although these estimates are based on the Management’s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcome requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future years.

b. Tangible Fixed Assets

Tangible Fixed assets are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance or extends its estimated useful life. All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

Gains or losses arising from de recognition of fixed assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

c. Depreciation on tangible Fixed Assets

i. Depreciation on tangible fixed assets is provided pro rata to the period of use on the straight-line method based on the useful lives of the assets estimated by Management, or at the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 whichever is higher. The Company has used the following rates to provide depreciation on its tangible fixed assets.

d. Intangible Assets Computer Software’s

i. Costs relating to software, which is acquired, are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of five years.

ii. Expenditure incurred on development of internally generated assets-software for which future economic benefit will flow over a period of time is amortized over the estimated useful life or 5 years on a straight line basis, whichever is earlier.

Goodwill

Goodwill is amortized using the straight-line method over a period of five years.

e. Lease

Where the Company is a Lessee

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of Profit and Loss.

f. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the year they occur.

g. Impairment

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating units (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or group of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

h. Inventories

Raw materials and packing materials are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost of raw materials and packing materials is determined on weighted average basis.

Work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads. Cost of finished goods is determined on a weighted average basis.

Traded goods are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value.

Stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost of stores and spares is determined on weighted average basis.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

i. Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized:

Sale of Products

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of the goods. The Company collects sales taxes and value added taxes (VAT) on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the Company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue. Excise duty deducted from revenue (gross) is the amount that is included in the revenue (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arising during the year.

Sale of Services

i. Revenues from contract research operations are recognized as per the terms of the contract with customers when the related services are performed or the agreed milestones are achieved.

ii. Revenues from software services are recognized and billed as per the terms of specific contract, which is on the basis of cost expended plus an agreed profit margin.

Interest Income

Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head “other income” in the statement of profit and loss.

Dividend Income

Dividend income is recognized when the Company’s right to receive dividend is established by the reporting date.

j. Foreign currency translation

i. Initial Recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

ii. Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.

iii. Exchange Differences

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Company’s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

iv. Forward Exchange Contracts not intended for trading or speculation purposes

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contracts is amortized as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward exchange contracts is recognized as income or as expense for the year.

k. Retirement and other employee benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund and superannuation fund is a defined contribution scheme. The contributions to the provident fund and superannuation fund are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the year when the contributions are due. The Company has no obligation, other than the contributions payable to the funds.

Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

The Company treats accumulated leave, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the entire liability in respect of leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date.

l. Taxes on Income

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, the entire deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realized against future taxable profits. At each balance sheet date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred tax assets. The company accounted unrecognized deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date. The Company writes down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax assets can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as “MAT Credit Entitlement.” The Company reviews the “MAT credit entitlement” asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

m. Employee stock options

Measurement and disclosure of the employee stock options is made in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share Based Payments Plans, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock options using the fair value method. Compensation expenses, if any, is amortized over the vesting period of the options on a straight line basis.

n. Segment Reporting Policies Identification of segments

The Company’s operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

Inter-segment transfers

The Company generally accounts for intersegment sales and transfers at cost plus appropriate margins. Allocation of common costs

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.

Unallocated items

The unallocated items include general corporate income and expense items which are not allocable to any business segment.

Segment accounting policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

o. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

p. Provisions

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

Where the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognized as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to any provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

q. Deferred Revenue expenditure/Unamortized expenditure

Costs incurred in raising funds are amortized equally over the period for which the borrowings are acquired.

r. Contingent Liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that may arise as a result of past events whose existence may be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

s. Cash and Cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of the cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

t. Research and development

Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged to revenue in the year in which it is incurred. Capital expenditure on research and development is added to fixed assets and depreciated in accordance with the policies of the Company.

u. Measurement of EBITDA

As permitted by the Guidance Note on the Revised Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956, the Company has elected to present earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) as a separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. The Company measures EBITDA on the basis of profit/ (loss) from continuing operations. In its measurement, the Company does not include depreciation and amortization expense, finance costs and tax expense.

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