Accounting Policies of Manappuram Finance Ltd. Company
Mar 31, 2023
1. Corporate Information
Manappuram Finance Limited (''MAFIL'' or ''the Company'') is a public Limited company domiciled in India and incorporated on 15 July 1992 in Thrissur, Kerala. Its shares are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange Limited and National Stock Exchange Limited. The Company is a Non-Banking Finance Company (''NBFC''), which provides a wide range of fund based and fee based services including gold Loans, money exchange facilities, etc. The Company is a SystemicaLLy Important Non-Deposit taking NBFC(NBFC-ND). The Company is registered with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
The registration details are as foLLows:Reserve Bank of India Registration no : B-16.00029 Corporate Identity Number (CIN) : L65910KL1992PLC006623
The Company is the uLtimate parent company of the Manappuram Home Finance Limited, Asirvad Microfinance Limited, Manappuram Insurance Brokers Limited and Manappuram Comptech and Consultants Limited.
The company''s registered office is at IV/470a (OLd) W/638 (New), Manappuram house VaLapad P.O, Thrissur - 680567, KeraLa. The principaL pLace of business is Thrissur KeraLa.
These financiaL statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS), under the historical.
cost convention on the accruaL basis except for certain financiaL instruments which are measured at fair vaLues, the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Actâ) (to the extent notified) and guideLines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). The Ind AS are prescribed under Section 133 of the Act read with RuLe 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) RuLes, 2015 and reLevant amendment ruLes issued there after read with reLevant ruLes issued thereunder and other accounting principLes generaLLy accepted in India mainLy considering the Master Directions issued by the Reserve Bank of India (''RBI'') as appLicabLe to Non-Banking Finance Companies - ND.
The financiaL statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR) which is aLso the functionaL currency of the company and aLL vaLues are rounded to the nearest miLLions, except when otherwise indicated.
3. Presentation of financial statement
The financiaL statements of the Company are presented as per ScheduLe III (Division III) of the Companies Act, 2013 appLicabLe to NBFCs, as notified by the Ministry of Corporate
Affairs (MCA). FinanciaL assets and financiaL LiabiLities are
generaLLy reported on a gross basis except when, there is an unconditionaL LegaLLy enforceabLe right to offset the recognised amounts without being contingent on a future event and the parties intend to settLe on a net basis in the foLLowing circumstances:
i. The normaL course of business
ii. The event of defauLt
iii. The event of insoLvency or bankruptcy of the Company and/or its counterparties.
The financiaL statements are presented in INR, which is aLso the Company''s functionaL currency and aLL vaLues are rounded to the nearest miLLion, except when otherwise indicated.
These separate financiaL statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) RuLes, 2015 as amended and notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 and the generaLLy accepted accounting principLes as referred to in paragraph 2 "Basis of Preparationâ above.
5. Significant accounting policies (Also refer note 2 above)5.1 Investments in subsidiary
I nterest in subsidiary, associates and joint venture are recognised at cost and not adjusted to fair vaLue at the end of each reporting period. Cost represents amount paid for acquisition of the said investments(net of impairment).
(i) Classification of financial instruments
The Company cLassifies its financiaL assets into the foLLowing measurement categories:
1. FinanciaL assets to be measured at amortised cost
2. FinanciaL assets to be measured at fair vaLue through other comprehensive income
3. FinanciaL assets to be measured at fair vaLue through profit or Loss account
The cLassification depends on the contractuaL terms of the financiaL assets'' cash fLows and the Company''s business modeL for managing financiaL assets.
The Company determines its business model at the level that best reflects how it manages groups of financial assets to achieve its business objective. The business model is assessed on the basis of aggregated portfolios based on observable factors. These factors include:
⢠Reports reviewed by the entity''s key management personnel on the performance of the financial assets
⢠The risks impacting the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and its management thereof
⢠The compensation of the managing teams (for example, whether the compensation is based on the fair value of the assets managed or on the contractual cash flows collected)
⢠The expected frequency, value and timing of trades.
The business model assessment is based on reasonably expected scenarios without taking ''worst case'' or ''stress case'' scenarios into account.
The Company also assesses the contractual terms of financial assets on the basis of its contractual cash flow characteristics that are solely for the payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. ''Principal'' s defined as the fair value of the financial asset at initial recognition and may change over the life of the financial asset (for example, if there are repayments of principal or amortisation of the premium/discount).
In making this assessment, the Company considers whether the contractual cash flows are consistent with a basic lending arrangement i.e. interest includes only consideration for the time value of money, credit risk, other basic lending risks and a profit margin that is consistent with a basic lending arrangement. Where the contractual terms introduce exposure to risk or volatility that are inconsistent with a basic lending arrangement, the related financial asset is classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss.
The Company classifies its financial liabilities at amortised costs unless it has designated liabilities at fair value through the profit and loss account or
is required to measure liabilities at fair value through profit or loss such as derivative liabilities.
(ii) Financial assets measured at amortised cost
These Financial assets comprise bank balances, Loans, investments in debt securities and other financial assets.
Financial Assets with contractual terms that give rise to cash flows on specified dates, and represent solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding; and are held within a business model whose objective is achieved by holding to collect contractual cash flows are measured at amortised cost.
These financial assets are initially recognised at fair value plus directly attributable transaction costs and subsequently measured at amortised cost. Transaction costs are incremental costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, issue or disposal of a financial asset or a financial liability.
Equity instruments
Investment in equity instruments are generally accounted for as at fair value through the profit and loss account unless an irrevocable election has been made by management to account for at fair value through other comprehensive income Such classification is determined on an instrument-by-instrument basis.
(iii) Items at fair value through profit or loss
Items at fair value through profit or loss comprise:
⢠Investments (including equity shares) held for trading;
⢠Items specifically designated as fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition; and
⢠debt instruments with contractual terms that do not represent solely payments of principal and interest.
Financial instruments held at fair value through profit or loss are initially recognised at fair value, with transaction costs recognised in the statement of profit and loss as incurred. Subsequently, they
are measured at fair value and any gains or losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss as they arise.
Financial instruments held for trading
A financial instrument is classified as held for trading
if it is acquired or incurred principally for selling or repurchasing in the near term, or forms part of a portfolio of financial instruments that are managed
together and for which there is evidence of short-term profit taking, or it is a derivative not designated in a qualifying hedge relationship.
Trading derivatives and trading securities are classified as held for trading and recognised at fair value.
(iv) Derivatives
The Company enters into derivative transactions with various counterparties like interest rate and currency swaps and forwards. The Company undertakes derivative transactions to mitigate the risk of changes in exchange rates on foreign currency exposures. The counterparty for these contracts are generally banks.
a) Financial Assets or Liabilities at Fair Value through Profit and Loss
This category includes derivative financial assets/ liabilities which are not designated as hedges.
Although the Company believes that these derivative instruments constitute hedges from an economic perspective, they may not qualify
for hedge accounting under Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments. Any derivatives that is either not designated as a hedge, or is designated but is
ineffective as per Ind AS 109, is categorised as a financial asset or liability, at fair value through profit and loss.
Derivatives not designated as hedges are recognised initially at fair value and attributable transaction costs are recognised in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, these derivatives are measured at fair value through profit and loss and the resulting exchange gain or loss are included in the other income/ expenses.
b) Cash flow Hedge:
The Company designates certain foreign exchange forwards and swaps contracts as cash flow hedges to mitigate the risk of foreign exchange exposure on certain balance sheet liabilities.
When a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge instrument, the effective portion of
changes in the fair value of derivative instruments is recognised in other comprehensive income
and accumulated in the cash flow hedge reserve.
Any ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivatives is recognised immediately in the net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If the hedging instrument no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. If the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, the cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument recognised in the cash flow hedge reserve till the period the hedge was effective remains in cash flow hedge reserve till the period the transaction occurs. The cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in the cash flow hedge reserve is transferred to the net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss upon the occurrence of the related transaction.
(v) Debt securities and other borrowed funds
After initial measurement, debt issued and other borrowed funds are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Amortised cost is calculated by
taking into account any discount or premium on issue funds, and transaction costs that are an
integral part of the Effective Interest Rate (EIR).
(vl) Recognition and derecognition of financial assets and liabilities
A financial asset or financial liability is recognised in the balance sheet when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument, which is generally on trade date. Loans and receivables are recognised when cash is advanced (or settled) to the borrowers. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recognised initially at fair value. All other financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus directly attributable transaction costs.
The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual cash flows from the asset expire or it transfers its rights to receive contractual cash flows on the financial asset in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are transferred. Any interest in transferred financial assets that is created or retained by the Company is recognised as a separate asset or liability. A financial liability
is derecognised from the balance sheet when the Company has discharged its obligation or the contract is cancelled or expires.
(vii) Impairment of financial assets
The Company recognises impairment allowance for expected credit loss on financial assets held at amortised cost.
The Company recognises loss allowances (provisions) for expected credit losses on its financial assets (including undisbursed sanctioned amounts) that are measured at amortised costs or at fair value through other comprehensive income account.
The Company applies a three-stage approach to measuring expected credit losses (ECLs) for the following categories of financial assets that are not measured at fair value through profit or loss:
⢠debt instruments measured at amortised cost and fair value through other comprehensive income
⢠loan commitments.
No ECL is recognised on equity investments. Financial assets migrate through the following three stages based on the change in credit risk since initial recognition:
Stage 1: 12-months ECL
For exposures where there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition and that are not credit impaired upon origination, the portion of the lifetime ECL associated with the probability of default events occurring within the next 12 months is recognised.
Stage 2: Lifetime ECL - not credit impaired For exposures where there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition but are not credit impaired, a lifetime ECL (i.e. reflecting the remaining lifetime of the financial asset) is recognised.
Stage 3: Lifetime ECL - credit impaired Exposures are assessed as credit impaired when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of that asset have occurred. For exposures that have become credit impaired, a lifetime ECL is recognised and interest revenue is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the amortised cost (net of provision) rather than the gross carrying amount.
Determining the stage for impairment At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk for exposures since initial recognition by comparing the risk of default occurring over the expected life between the reporting date and the date of initial recognition. The Company considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effort for this purpose.
This includes quantitative and qualitative information and also, forward-looking analysis.
An exposure will migrate through the ECL stages as asset quality deteriorates. If, in a subsequent period, asset quality improves and also reverses any previously assessed significant increase in credit risk since origination, then the loss allowances reverts from lifetime ECL to 12-months ECL.
The loss allowances for these financial assets is based on a 12-months ECL.
When an asset is uncollectible, it is written off against the related allowance. Such assets are written off after all the necessary procedures have been completed and the amount of the loss has been determined. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off reduce the amount of the allowances in the profit and loss statement.
The Company assesses whether the credit risk on an exposure has increased significantly on an individual or collective basis. For the purposes of a collective evaluation of impairment, financial instruments are grouped on the basis of shared credit risk characteristics, taking into account instrument type, credit risk ratings, date of initial recognition, remaining term to maturity, industry, geographical location of the borrower and other relevant factors.
Measurement of ECLs
ECLs are derived from unbiased and probability-weighted estimates of expected loss, and are measured as follows:
⢠Financial assets that are not credit-impaired at the reporting date: as the present value of all cash shortfalls over the expected life of the financial asset discounted by the effective interest rate. The cash shortfall is the difference between the cash flows due to the Company in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the
Company expects to receive. The Company has grouped its various financial assets in to pools
containing loans bearing homogeneous risks characteristics. The probability of default for the pools are computed based on the historical trends, adjusted for any forward looking factors. Similarly the Company computes the Loss Given Default based on the recovery rates.
⢠Financial assets that are credit-impaired at the reporting date: as the difference between the gross carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted by the effective interest rate.
⢠Undrawn loan commitments: as the present value of the difference between the contractual cash flows that are due to the Company if the commitment is drawn down and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive.
⢠Financial guarantee contracts: as the expected payments to reimburse the holder less any amounts that the Company expects to recover.
ECL on Debt instruments measured at fair value through OCI
The ECLs for debt instruments measured at FVOCI do not reduce the carrying amount of these financial assets in the balance sheet, which remains at fair value. Instead, an amount equal to the allowance that would arise if the assets were measured at amortised cost is recognised in OCI as an accumulated impairment amount, with a corresponding charge to profit or loss. The accumulated loss recognised in OCI is recycled to the profit and loss upon derecognition of the assets. As at the reporting date the Company does not have any debt instruments measured at fair value through OCI.
Collateral Valuation
To mitigate its credit risks on financial assets, the Company seeks to use collateral, where possible. The collateral comes in various forms, such as movable and immovable assets, guarantees, , etc. However, the fair value of collateral affects the calculation of ECLs. To the extent possible, the Company uses active market data for valuing financial assets held as collateral. Other financial
assets which do not have readily determinable market values are valued using models. Non-financial collateral, such as vehicles, is valued based on data provided by third parties or management judgements.
Collateral repossessed
In its normal course of business whenever default occurs, the Company may take possession of properties or other assets in its retail portfolio and generally disposes such assets through auction, to settle outstanding debt. Any surplus funds are returned to the customers/obligors. As a result of this practice, assets under legal repossession processes are not recorded on the balance sheet.
(viii) Write-offs
The Company reduces the gross carrying amount of a financial asset when the Company has no reasonable expectations of recovering a financial asset in its entirety or a portion thereof. This is generally the case when the Company determines that the borrower does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subjected to write-offs. Any subsequent recoveries against such loans are credited to the statement of profit and loss.
(ix) Determination of fair value
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The Financial assets and liabilities are presented in ascending order of their liquidity. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for share-based payment transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 102, leasing transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 17, and measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as value in use in Ind AS 36.
In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised into Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows
⢠Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;
⢠Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability ,either directly or indirectly; and
⢠Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
The Company recognises transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred. No such instances of transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy were recorded during the reporting period.
Difference between transaction price and fair value at initial recognition
The best evidence of the fair value of a financial instrument at initial recognition is the transaction price (i.e. the fair value of the consideration given or received) unless the fair value of that instrument is evidenced by comparison with other observable current market transactions in the same instrument (i.e. without modification or repackaging) or based on a valuation technique whose variables include only data from observable markets. When such evidence exists, the Company recognises the difference between the transaction price and the fair value in profit or loss on initial recognition (i.e. on day one).
When the transaction price of the instrument differs from the fair value at origination and the fair value is based on a valuation technique using only inputs observable in market transactions, the Company recognises the difference between the transaction price and fair value in net gain on fair value changes. In those cases where fair value is based on models for which some of the inputs are not observable, the difference between the transaction price and the fair value is deferred and is only recognised in profit or loss when the inputs become observable, or when the instrument is derecognised.
(i) Interest Income
Interest income is recognised by applying the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) to the gross carrying amount of financial assets measured through amortised cost method.
The EIR in case of a financial asset is computed
a. As the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset.
b. By considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument in estimating the cash flows
c. Including all fees received between parties to the contract that are an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs, and all other premiums or discounts.
Any subsequent changes in the estimation of the future cash flows is recognised in interest income with the corresponding adjustment to the carrying amount of the assets.
(ii) Dividend Income
Dividend income is recognised
a. When the right to receive the payment is established,
b. i t is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity and
c. the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.
(iii) Fees & Commission Income
Fees and commissions other than those which forms part of EIR are recognised when the Company satisfies the performance obligation, at fair value of the consideration received or receivable based on a five-step model as set out below:
Step 1: Identify contract(s) with a customer: A contract is defined as an agreement between two or more parties that creates enforceable rights and obligations and sets out the criteria for every contract that must be met.
Step 2: Identify performance obligations in the contract: A performance obligation is a promise in a contract with a customer to transfer a good or service to the customer.
Step 3: Determine the transaction price: The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties.
Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract: For a contract that has more than one performance obligation, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation in an amount that depicts the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for satisfying each performance obligation.
Step 5: Recognise revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.
Processing fee which is not form part of effective interest rate has been recognised as and when it is accrue.
(iv) Net gain on Fair value changes
Any differences between the fair values of financial assets classified as fair value through the profit or loss, held by the Company on the balance sheet date is recognised as an unrealised gain / loss. In cases there is a net gain in the aggregate, the same is recognised in "Net gains on fair value changesâ under Revenue from operations and if there is a net loss the same is disclosed under "Expensesâ in the statement of Profit and Loss.
Similarly, any realised gain or loss on sale of financial instruments measured at FVTPL and debt instruments measured at FVOCI is recognised in net gain / loss on fair value changes. As at the reporting date the Company does not have any financial instruments measured at FVTPL and debt instruments measured at FVOCI.
However, net gain / loss on derecognition of financial instruments classified as amortised cost is presented separately under the respective head in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Finance costs
Finance costs represents Interest expense recognised by applying the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) to the gross carrying amount of financial liabilities other than
financial liabilities classified as FVTPL.
The EIR in case of a financial liability is computed
a. As the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments through the expected life of the financial liability to the gross carrying amount of the amortised cost of a financial liability.
b. By considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument in estimating the cash flows
c. I ncluding all fees paid between parties to the contract that are an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs, and all other premiums or discounts.
Any subsequent changes in the estimation of the future cash flows is recognised in interest income with the corresponding adjustment to the carrying amount of the assets.
(ii) Retirement and other employee benefits
Short term employee benefit
All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short-term employee benefits. These benefits include short term compensated absences such as paid annual leave. The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees is recognised as an expense during the period. Benefits such as salaries and wages, etc. and the expected cost of the bonus/ex-gratia are recognised in the period in which the employee renders the related service.
Post-employment employee benefits a) Defined contribution schemes
All the employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits under the Provident Fund and Employees State Insurance scheme, defined contribution plans in which both the employee and the Company contribute monthly at a stipulated rate. The Company has no liability for future benefits other than its annual contribution
and recognises such contributions as an expense in the period in which employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the Balance Sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognised as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the Balance Sheet date, then excess is recognised as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.
b) Defined Benefit schemes
The Company provides for the gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan covering all employees. The plan provides for lump sum payments to employees upon death while in employment or on separation from employment after serving for the stipulated years mentioned under ''The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972''. The present value of the obligation under such defined benefit plan is determined based on actuarial valuation, carried out by an independent actuary at each Balance Sheet date, using the Projected Unit Credit Method, which recognizes each period of service as giving rise to an additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation.
The obligation is measured at the present value of the estimated future cash flows. The discount rates used for determining the present value of the obligation under defined benefit plan are based on the market yields on Government Securities as at the Balance Sheet date.
Net interest recognized in profit or loss is calculated by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The actual return on the plan assets above or below the discount rate is recognized as part of re-measurement of net defined liability or asset through other comprehensive income. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, attrition rate, future salary increases and
mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, these liabilities are highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed annually.
The Company fully contributes all ascertained liabilities to LIC without routing it through Trust bank account. Trustees administer contributions
made to the trust and contributions are invested in a scheme of insurance with the IRDA approved Insurance Company
Re-measurement, comprising of actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognized immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to profit and loss in subsequent periods.
Other long-term employee benefits Company''s liabilities towards compensated absences to employees are accrued on the basis of valuations, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by an independent actuary using Projected Unit Credit Method. Actuarial gains and losses comprise experience adjustments and the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.The Company presents the Provision for compensated absences under provisions in the Balance Sheet.
The Company has formulated Employee Stock Option Schemes (ESOS) in accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999. The Scheme provide for grant of options to employees of the Company and its subsidiaries to acquire equity shares of the Company that vest in a graded manner and that are to be exercised within a specified period. The grant date fair value of equity settled share based payment awards granted to employees is recognised as an employee expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the employees unconditionally become entitled to the awards. The amount recognised in employee benefits expenses/investment
in subsidiary together with a corresponding increase in employee stock option outstanding account in other equity is based on the estimate of the number of awards for which the related service and non-market vesting conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognised as an expense is based on the number of awards that do meet the related service and non-market vesting conditions at the vesting date.
(ii) Other income and expenses
All Other income and expense are recognized in the period they occur.
(iv) Impairment of non-financial assets
The carrying amount of assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the assets, net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset.
In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
(v) Taxes
Current Tax
Current tax assets and liabilities for the
current and prior years are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from, or paid to, the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted, or substantively enacted, by the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates taxable income.
Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside
profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised for temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.
Deferred tax assets are only recognised for temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax credits if it is probable that future taxable amounts will arise to utilise those temporary differences and losses. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities are realised simultaneously.
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT)
Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that it is probable that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on
Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement." The Company reviews the MAT Credit Entitlement asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.
Goods and services tax /value added taxes paid on acquisition of assets or on incurring expenses
Expenses and assets are recognised net of the goods and services tax/value added taxes paid, except:
i. When the tax incurred on a purchase of assets or services is not recoverable from the taxation authority, in which case, the tax paid is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense item, as applicable
ii. When receivables and payables are stated with the amount of tax included The net amount of tax recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of receivables or payables in the balance sheet.
5.5 Foreign currency translation
(i) Functional and presentational currency
The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees which is also functional currency of the Company and the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.
(ii) Transactions and balances
Initial recognition:
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions.
Conversion:
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated
in foreign currency, which are outstanding as at the reporting date, are translated at the reporting date at the closing exchange rate
and the resultant exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Non-monetary items that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the spot exchange rates as at the date of recognition.
Cash and cash equivalents comprise the net amount of short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash (short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less) and are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value, cheques on hand and balances with banks. They are held for the purposes of meeting short-term cash commitments (rather than for investment or other purposes).
For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short- term deposits, as defined above.
5.7 Property, Plant and equipment (PPE)
Property, plant and equipment (PPE) are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment, (if any). The total cost of assets comprises its purchase price, freight, duties, taxes and any other incidental expenses directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by the management. Changes in the expected useful life are accounted for by changing the amortisation period or methodology, as appropriate, and treated as changes in accounting estimates.
Subsequent expenditure related to an item of tangible asset are added to its gross value only if it increases the future benefits of the existing asset, beyond its previously assessed standards of performance and cost can be measured reliably. Other repairs and maintenance costs are expensed off as and when incurred.
Depreciation is calculated using the Straight Line Method (SLM) to write down the cost of property and equipment to their residual values over their estimated useful lives. Land is not depreciated.
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The estimated useful lives are, as follows: |
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Particulars |
Useful life estimated by Company |
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Computer |
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- End User equipment |
3 years |
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- Server* |
3 years |
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Furniture & Fixtures |
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|
- Safe and strong rooms |
10 years |
|
- Others* |
3 - 5 years |
|
Office Equipment |
3 years |
|
Electrical Fittings |
3 years |
|
Buildings |
30 years |
|
Vehicles |
8 years |
|
Plant & Equipment |
15 years |
|
*The Company has estimated useful life which is different for Schedule II useful life''s based on management estimate. |
|
The residual values, useful Lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate. Property plant and equipment is derecognised on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is recognised in other income / expense in the statement of profit and loss in the year the asset is derecognised. The date of disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is the date the recipient obtains control of that item in accordance with the requirements for determining when a performance obligation is satisfied in Ind AS 115.
The Company has recognised leasehold Improvement as a new asset during the year 2022-23, due to which other assets related to branches were reclassified into Leasehold Improvements.
An intangible asset is recognised only when its cost can be measured reliably and it is probable that the expected future economic benefits that are attributable to it will flow to the Company. Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of an intangible asset comprises its purchase price and any directly attributable expenditure on making the asset ready for its intended use and net of any trade discounts and rebates. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.
The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed to be either finite or indefinite. Intangible assets with
finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at each financial year-end. Changes in the expected useful life, or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset, are accounted for by changing the amortisation period or methodology, as appropriate, which are then treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is presented as a separate line item in the statement of profit and loss. Amortisation on assets acquired/sold during the year is recognised on a pro-rata basis to the Statement of Profit and Loss from / upto the date of acquisition/sale.
Amortisation is calculated using the straight-line
method to write down the cost of intangible assets to their residual values over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets comprising of software are amortised on a straight-line basis over a period of 6 years, unless it has a shorter useful life.
The Company''s intangible assets consist of computer software with definite life.
Gains or losses from derecognition of intangible assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.
Provisions are recognised when the enterprise has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of past events, and it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
When the effect of the time value of money is material, the enterprise determines the level of provision by discounting the expected cash flows at a pre-tax rate reflecting the current rates specific to the liability. The expense relating to any provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.
5.10 Contingent Assets and Liabilities
A contingent asset is a possible asset that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the entity. The Company does not recognize or disclose contingent asset in the financial statements.
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises
from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the
Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where
there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.
The Company reports basic and diluted earnings per
share in accordance with Ind AS 33 on Earnings per share. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders (after attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the period, unless they have been issued at a later date. In computing the dilutive earnings per share, only potential equity shares that are dilutive and that either reduces the earnings per share or increases loss per share are included.
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM).
The Board of Directors (BOD) of the Company assesses
the financial performance and position of the Company, and makes strategic decisions. The BOD, which has been identified as being the chief operating decision
maker. The Company is engaged in the business of i) Lending finance and ii) Fees & commission income. The said business are aggregated for the purpose of review of performance by CODM. Accordingly, the Company has concluded that the business of lending finance and fees & commission income to be the only reportable segment.
Ind AS 116 requires lessees to determine the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The Company
makes an assessment on the expected lease term on
a lease-by-lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any options to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the termination of the lease and the importance of the underlying asset to Company''s operations taking into account the location of the underlying asset and the availability of suitable alternatives. The lease term in future periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects the current economic circumstances.
The Company''s lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for land and buildings. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether: (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset (ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.
At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset (âROUâ) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
Certain lease arrangements includes the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they
will be exercised.
The right-of-use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.
Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the
underlying asset. Right of use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.
The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates in the country of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right of use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option.
Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.
6. Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the Ind AS requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the accompanying disclosure and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and future periods are affected. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods. In particular, information about significant areas of estimation, uncertainty and critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements is included in the following notes:
6.1 Defined employee benefit assets and liabilities
The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined
using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate; future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed annually.
6.2 Impairment of loans portfolio
The measurement of impairment losses across all categories of financial assets requires judgement, in particular, the estimation of the amount and timing of future cash flows and collateral values when determining impairment losses and the assessment of a significant increase in credit risk. These estimates are driven by a number of factors, changes in which can result in different levels of allowances.
It has been the Company''s policy to regularly review it''s ECL model in the context of actual loss experience and adjust when necessary.
The impairment loss on loans and advances is disclosed in more detail in Note 5.2(vii) Overview of ECL principles.
7. ED search
Mar 31, 2022
1 CORPORATE INFORMATION Manappuram Finance Limited (''MAFIL'' or ''the Company'') is a public Limited company domiciled in India and incorporated on 15 July 1992 in Thrissur, Kerala. Its shares are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange Limited and National Stock Exchange Limited. The Company is a Non-Banking Finance Company (''NBFC''), which provides a wide range of fund based and fee based services including gold Loans, money exchange facilities, etc. The Company is a SystemicaLLy Important Non-Deposit taking NBFC(NBFC-ND). The Company is registered with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The registration details are as follows: Reserve Bank of India Registration no : B-16.00029 Corporate Identity Number(CIN) : L65910KL1992PLC006623 The Company is the uLtimate parent company of the Manappuram Home Finance Limited, Asirvad Microfinance Limited, Manappuram Insurance Brokers Limited and Manappuram Comptech and Consultants Limited. The company''s registered office is at IV/470a (Old) W/638 (New), Manappuram house Valapad P.O, Thrissur - 680567, Kerala. The principal place of business is Thrissur Kerala. These financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS), under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair values, the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Actâ) (to the extent notified) and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). The Ind AS are prescribed under Section 133 of the Act read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued there after read with relevant rules issued thereunder and other accounting principles generally accepted in India mainly considering the Master Directions issued by the Reserve Bank of India (''RBI'') as applicable to Non-Banking Finance Companies - ND. The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR) which is also the functional currency of the company and all values are rounded to the nearest millions, except when otherwise indicated. 3 PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT The financial statements of the Company are presented as per Schedule III (Division III) of the Companies Act, 2013 applicable to NBFCs, as notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA). Financial assets and financial liabilities are generally reported on a gross basis except when, there is an unconditional legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts without being contingent on a future event and the parties intend to settle on a net basis in the following circumstances: i. The normal course of business ii. The event of default iii. The event of insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company and/or its counterparties. The financial statements are presented in INR, which is also the Company''s functional currency and all values are rounded to the nearest million, except when otherwise indicated. These separate financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended and notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 and the generally accepted accounting principles as referred to in paragraph 2 "Basis of Preparationâ above. 5 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (ALSO REFER NOTE 2 ABOVE)5.1 INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARY I nterest in subsidiary, associates and joint venture are recognised at cost and not adjusted to fair value at the end of each reporting period. Cost represents amount paid for acquisition of the said investments(net of impairment). The Company classifies its financial assets into the following measurement categories: 1. Financial assets to be measured at amortised cost 2. Financial assets to be measured at fair value through other comprehensive income 3. Financial assets to be measured at fair value through profit or loss account The classification depends on the contractual terms of the financial assets'' cash flows and the Company''s business model for managing financial assets. The Company determines its business model at the level that best reflects how it manages groups of financial assets to achieve its business objective. The business model is assessed on the basis of aggregated portfolios based on observable factors. These factors include: ⢠Reports reviewed by the entity''s key management personnel on the performance of the financial assets ⢠The risks impacting the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and its management thereof ⢠The compensation of the managing teams (for example, whether the compensation is based on the fair value of the assets managed or on the contractual cash flows collected) ⢠The expected frequency, value and timing of trades. The business model assessment is based on reasonably expected scenarios without taking ''worst case'' or ''stress case'' scenarios into account. The Company also assesses the contractual terms of financial assets on the basis of its contractual cash flow characteristics that are solely for the payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. ''Principal'' s defined as the fair value of the financial asset at initial recognition and may change over the life of the financial asset (for example, if there are repayments of principal or amortisation of the premium/discount). I n making this assessment, the Company considers whether the contractual cash flows are consistent with a basic lending arrangement i.e. interest includes only consideration for the time value of money, credit risk, other basic lending risks and a profit margin that is consistent with a basic lending arrangement. Where the contractual terms introduce exposure to risk or volatility that are inconsistent with a basic lending arrangement, the related financial asset is classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss. The Company classifies its financial liabilities at amortised costs unless it has designated liabilities at fair value through the profit and loss account or is required to measure liabilities at fair value through profit or loss such as derivative liabilities. These Financial assets comprise bank balances, Loans, investments in debt securities and other financial assets. Financial Assets with contractual terms that give rise to cash flows on specified dates, and represent solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding; and are held within a business model whose objective is achieved by holding to collect contractual cash flows are measured at amortised cost. These financial assets are initially recognised at fair value plus directly attributable transaction costs and subsequently measured at amortised cost. Transaction costs are incremental costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, issue or disposal of a financial asset or a financial liability. Investment in equity instruments are generally accounted for as at fair value through the profit and loss account unless an irrevocable election has been made by management to account for at fair value through other comprehensive income Such classification is determined on an instrument-by-instrument basis. Items at fair value through profit or loss comprise: ⢠Investments (including equity shares) held for trading; ⢠Items specifically designated as fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition; and ⢠debt instruments with contractual terms that do not represent solely payments of principal and interest. Financial instruments held at fair value through profit or loss are initially recognised at fair value, with transaction costs recognised in the statement of profit and loss as incurred. Subsequently, they are measured at fair value and any gains or losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss as they arise. Financial instruments held for trading A financial instrument is classified as held for trading if it is acquired or incurred principally for selling or repurchasing in the near term, or forms part of a portfolio of financial instruments that are managed together and for which there is evidence of short-term profit taking, or it is a derivative not designated in a qualifying hedge relationship. Trading derivatives and trading securities are classified as held for trading and recognised at fair value. The Company enters into derivative transactions with various counterparties like interest rate and currency swaps and forwards. The Company undertakes derivative transactions to mitigate the risk of changes in exchange rates on foreign currency exposures. The counterparty for these contracts are generally banks. This category includes derivative financial assets/ liabilities which are not designated as hedges. Although the Company believes that these derivative instruments constitute hedges from an economic perspective, they may not qualify for hedge accounting under Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments. Any derivatives that is either not designated as a hedge, or is designated but is ineffective as per Ind AS 109, is categorised as a financial asset or liability, at fair value through profit and loss. Derivatives not designated as hedges are recognised initially at fair value and attributable transaction costs are recognised in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, these derivatives are measured at fair value through profit and loss and the resulting exchange gain or loss are included in the other income/ expenses. The Company designates certain foreign exchange forwards and swaps contracts as cash flow hedges to mitigate the risk of foreign exchange exposure on certain balance sheet liabilities. When a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge instrument, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivative instruments is recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the cash flow hedge reserve. Any ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivatives is recognised immediately in the net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If the hedging instrument no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. If the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, the cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument recognised in the cash flow hedge reserve till the period the hedge was effective remains in cash flow hedge reserve till the period the transaction occurs. The cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in the cash flow hedge reserve is transferred to the net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss upon the occurrence of the related transaction. After initial measurement, debt issued and other borrowed funds are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on issue funds, and transaction costs that are an integral part of the Effective Interest Rate (EIR). A financial asset or financial liability is recognised in the balance sheet when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument, which is generally on trade date. Loans and receivables are recognised when cash is advanced (or settled) to the borrowers. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recognised initially at fair value. All other financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus directly attributable transaction costs. The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual cash flows from the asset expire or it transfers its rights to receive contractual cash flows on the financial asset in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are transferred. Any interest in transferred financial assets that is created or retained by the Company is recognised as a separate asset or liability. A financial liability is derecognised from the balance sheet when the Company has discharged its obligation or the contract is cancelled or expires. The Company recognises impairment allowance for expected credit loss on financial assets held at amortised cost. The Company recognises loss allowances (provisions) for expected credit losses on its financial assets (including undisbursed sanctioned amounts) that are measured at amortised costs or at fair value through other comprehensive income account. The Company applies a three-stage approach to measuring expected credit Losses (ECLs) for the following categories of financial assets that are not measured at fair value through profit or loss: ⢠debt instruments measured at amortised cost and fair value through other comprehensive income; ⢠loan commitments. No ECL is recognised on equity investments. Financial assets migrate through the following three stages based on the change in credit risk since initial recognition: Stage 1: 12-months ECL For exposures where there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition and that are not credit impaired upon origination, the portion of the lifetime ECL associated with the probability of default events occurring within the next 12 months is recognised. Stage 2: Lifetime ECL - not credit impaired For exposures where there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition but are not credit impaired, a Lifetime ECL (i.e. reflecting the remaining Lifetime of the financial asset) is recognised. Stage 3: Lifetime ECL - credit impaired Exposures are assessed as credit impaired when one or more events that have a detrimentaL impact on the estimated future cash fLows of that asset have occurred. For exposures that have become credit impaired, a Lifetime ECL is recognised and interest revenue is caLcuLated by appLying the effective interest rate to the amortised cost (net of provision) rather than the gross carrying amount. At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk for exposures since initiaL recognition by comparing the risk of defauLt occurring over the expected Life between the reporting date and the date of initial recognition. The Company considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effort for this purpose. This includes quantitative and qualitative information and aLso, forward-Looking anaLysis. An exposure will migrate through the ECL stages as asset quality deteriorates. If, in a subsequent period, asset quality improves and also reverses any previously assessed significant increase in credit risk since origination, then the loss allowances reverts from lifetime ECL to 12-months ECL. The loss allowances for these financial assets is based on a 12-months ECL. When an asset is uncollectible, it is written off against the related allowance. Such assets are written off after all the necessary procedures have been completed and the amount of the loss has been determined. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off reduce the amount of the allowances in the profit and loss statement. The Company assesses whether the credit risk on an exposure has increased significantly on an individual or collective basis. For the purposes of a collective evaluation of impairment, financial instruments are grouped on the basis of shared credit risk characteristics, taking into account instrument type, credit risk ratings, date of initial recognition, remaining term to maturity, industry, geographical location of the borrower and other relevant factors. ECLs are derived from unbiased and probability-weighted estimates of expected loss, and are measured as follows: ⢠Financial assets that are not credit-impaired at the reporting date: as the present value of all cash shortfalls over the expected life of the financial asset discounted by the effective interest rate. The cash shortfall is the difference between the cash flows due to the Company in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive. The Company has grouped its various financial assets in to pools containing loans bearing homogeneous risks characteristics. The probability of default for the pools are computed based on the historical trends, adjusted for any forward looking factors. Similarly the Company computes the Loss Given Default based on the recovery rates. ⢠Financial assets that are credit-impaired at the reporting date: as the difference between the gross carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted by the effective interest rate. ⢠Undrawn loan commitments: as the present value of the difference between the contractual cash flows that are due to the Company if the commitment is drawn down and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive. ⢠Financial guarantee contracts: as the expected payments to reimburse the holder less any amounts that the Company expects to recover. ECL on Debt instruments measured at fair value through OCI The ECLs for debt instruments measured at FVOCI do not reduce the carrying amount of these financial assets in the balance sheet, which remains at fair value. Instead, an amount equal to the allowance that would arise if the assets were measured at amortised cost is recognised in OCI as an accumulated impairment amount, with a corresponding charge to profit or loss. The accumulated loss recognised in OCI is recycled to the profit and loss upon derecognition of the assets. As at the reporting date the Company does not have any debt instruments measured at fair value through OCI. To mitigate its credit risks on financial assets, the Company seeks to use collateral, where possible. The collateral comes in various forms, such as movable and immovable assets, guarantees, , etc. However, the fair value of collateral affects the calculation of ECLs. To the extent possible, the Company uses active market data for valuing financial assets held as collateral. Other financial assets which do not have readily determinable market values are valued using models. Nonfinancial collateral, such as vehicles, is valued based on data provided by third parties or management judgements. In its normal course of business whenever default occurs, the Company may take possession of properties or other assets in its retail portfolio and generally disposes such assets through auction, to settle outstanding debt. Any surplus funds are returned to the customers/obligors. As a result of this practice, assets under legal repossession processes are not recorded on the balance sheet. The Company reduces the gross carrying amount of a financial asset when the Company has no reasonable expectations of recovering a financial asset in its entirety or a portion thereof. This is generally the case when the Company determines that the borrower does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subjected to write-offs. Any subsequent recoveries against such loans are credited to the statement of profit and loss. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The Financial assets and liabilities are presented in ascending order of their liquidity. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for share-based payment transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 102, leasing transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 17, and measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as value in use in Ind AS 36. In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised into Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows: ⢠Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date; ⢠Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability ,either directly or indirectly; and ⢠Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. The Company recognises transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred. No such instances of transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy were recorded during the reporting period. The best evidence of the fair value of a financial instrument at initial recognition is the transaction price (i.e. the fair value of the consideration given or received) unless the fair value of that instrument is evidenced by comparison with other observable current market transactions in the same instrument (i.e. without modification or repackaging) or based on a valuation technique whose variables include only data from observable markets. When such evidence exists, the Company recognises the difference between the transaction price and the fair value in profit or loss on initial recognition (i.e. on day one). When the transaction price of the instrument differs from the fair value at origination and the fair value is based on a valuation technique using only inputs observable in market transactions, the Company recognises the difference between the transaction price and fair value in net gain on fair value changes. In those cases where fair value is based on models for which some of the inputs are not observable, the difference between the transaction price and the fair value is deferred and is only recognised in profit or loss when the inputs become observable, or when the instrument is derecognised. I nterest income is recognised by applying the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) to the gross carrying amount of financial assets measured through amortised cost method. The EIR in case of a financial asset is computed a. As the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset. b. By considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument in estimating the cash flows c. Including all fees received between parties to the contract that are an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs, and all other premiums or discounts. Any subsequent changes in the estimation of the future cash flows is recognised in interest income with the corresponding adjustment to the carrying amount of the assets. Dividend income is recognised a. When the right to receive the payment is established, b. i t is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity and c. the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Fees and commissions other than those which forms part of EIR are recognised when the Company satisfies the performance obligation, at fair value of the consideration received or receivable based on a five-step model as set out below: Step 1: Identify contract(s) with a customer: A contract is defined as an agreement between two or more parties that creates enforceable rights and obligations and sets out the criteria for every contract that must be met. Step 2: Identify performance obligations in the contract: A performance obligation is a promise in a contract with a customer to transfer a good or service to the customer. Step 3: Determine the transaction price: The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties. Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract: For a contract that has more than one performance obligation, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation in an amount that depicts the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for satisfying each performance obligation. Step 5: Recognise revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Processing fee which is not form part of effective interest rate has been recognised as and when it is accrue. Any differences between the fair values of financial assets classified as fair value through the profit or loss, held by the Company on the balance sheet date is recognised as an unrealised gain / loss. In cases there is a net gain in the aggregate, the same is recognised in "Net gains on fair value changesâ under Revenue from operations and if there is a net loss the same is disclosed under "Expensesâ in the statement of Profit and Loss. Similarly, any realised gain or loss on sale of financial instruments measured at FVTPL and debt instruments measured at FVOCI is recognised in net gain / loss on fair value changes. As at the reporting date the Company does not have any financial instruments measured at FVTPL and debt instruments measured at FVOCI. However, net gain / loss on derecognition of financial instruments classified as amortised cost is presented separately under the respective head in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Finance costs represents Interest expense recognised by applying the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) to the gross carrying amount of financial liabilities other than financial liabilities classified as FVTPL. The EIR in case of a financial liability is computed a. As the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments through the expected life of the financial liability to the gross carrying amount of the amortised cost of a financial liability. b. By considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument in estimating the cash flows c. Including all fees paid between parties to the contract that are an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs, and all other premiums or discounts. Any subsequent changes in the estimation of the future cash flows is recognised in interest income with the corresponding adjustment to the carrying amount of the assets. Short term employee benefit All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short-term employee benefits. These benefits include short term compensated absences such as paid annual leave. The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees is recognised as an expense during the period. Benefits such as salaries and wages, etc. and the expected cost of the bonus/ex-gratia are recognised in the period in which the employee renders the related service. Post-employment employee benefits a) Defined contribution schemes All the employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits under the Provident Fund and Employees State Insurance scheme, defined contribution plans in which both the employee and the Company contribute monthly at a stipulated rate. The Company has no liability for future benefits other than its annual contribution and recognises such contributions as an expense in the period in which employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the Balance Sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognised as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the Balance Sheet date, then excess is recognised as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will Lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund. b) Defined Benefit schemes The Company provides for the gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan covering all employees. The plan provides for lump sum payments to employees upon death while in employment or on separation from employment after serving for the stipulated years mentioned under ''The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972''. The present value of the obligation under such defined benefit plan is determined based on actuarial valuation, carried out by an independent actuary at each Balance Sheet date, using the Projected Unit Credit Method, which recognizes each period of service as giving rise to an additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation. The obligation is measured at the present value of the estimated future cash flows. The discount rates used for determining the present value of the obligation under defined benefit plan are based on the market yields on Government Securities as at the Balance Sheet date. Net interest recognized in profit or loss is calculated by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The actual return on the plan assets above or below the discount rate is recognized as part of re-measurement of net defined liability or asset through other comprehensive income. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, attrition rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, these liabilities are highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed annually. The Company fully contributes all ascertained liabilities to LIC without routing it through Trust bank account. Trustees administer contributions made to the trust and contributions are invested in a scheme of insurance with the IRDA approved Insurance Company Re-measurement, comprising of actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognized immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to profit and loss in subsequent periods. Other long-term employee benefits Company''s liabilities towards compensated absences to employees are accrued on the basis of valuations, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by an independent actuary using Projected Unit Credit Method. Actuarial gains and losses comprise experience adjustments and the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.The Company presents the Provision for compensated absences under provisions in the Balance Sheet. The Company has formulated Employee Stock Option Schemes (ESOS) in accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999. The Scheme provide for grant of options to employees of the Company and its subsidiaries to acquire equity shares of the Company that vest in a graded manner and that are to be exercised within a specified period. The grant date fair value of equity settled share based payment awards granted to employees is recognised as an employee expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the employees unconditionally become entitled to the awards. The amount recognised in employee benefits expenses/ investment in subsidiary together with a corresponding increase in employee stock option outstanding account in other equity is based on the estimate of the number of awards for which the related service and non-market vesting conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognised as an expense is based on the number of awards that do meet the related service and non-market vesting conditions at the vesting date. All Other income and expense are recognized in the period they occur. The carrying amount of assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the assets, net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life. Current tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior years are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from, or paid to, the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted, or substantively enacted, by the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates taxable income. Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised for temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled. Deferred tax assets are only recognised for temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax credits if it is probable that future taxable amounts will arise to utilise those temporary differences and losses. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities are realised simultaneously. Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that it is probable that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as âMAT Credit Entitlement." The Company reviews the MAT Credit Entitlement asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period. Goods and services tax /value added taxes paid on acquisition of assets or on incurring expenses Expenses and assets are recognised net of the goods and services tax/vatue added taxes paid, except: i. When the tax incurred on a purchase of assets or services is not recoverable from the taxation authority, in which case, the tax paid is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense item, as applicable ii. When receivables and payables are stated with the amount of tax included The net amount of tax recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of receivables or payables in the balance sheet. 5.5 FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees which is also functional currency of the Company and the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates. Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency, which are outstanding as at the reporting date, are translated at the reporting date at the closing exchange rate and the resultant exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Non-monetary items that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the spot exchange rates as at the date of recognition. Cash and cash equivalents comprise the net amount of short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash (short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less) and are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value, cheques on hand and balances with banks. They are held for the purposes of meeting short-term cash commitments (rather than for investment or other purposes). For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short- term deposits, as defined above. 5.7 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (PPE) Property, plant and equipment (PPE) are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment, (if any). The total cost of assets comprises its purchase price, freight, duties, taxes and any other incidental expenses directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by the management. Changes in the expected useful life are accounted for by changing the amortisation period or methodology, as appropriate, and treated as changes in accounting estimates. Subsequent expenditure related to an item of tangible asset are added to its gross value only if it increases the future benefits of the existing asset, beyond its previously assessed standards of performance and cost can be measured reliably. Other repairs and maintenance costs are expensed off as and when incurred. Depreciation is calculated using the Straight Line Method (SLM) to write down the cost of property and equipment to their residual values over their estimated useful lives. Land is not depreciated. The estimated useful lives are, as follows: Particulars Useful life estimated by Company Computer - End User equipment 3 years - Server* 3 years Furniture & Fixtures - Safe and strong rooms 10 years - Others* 3 - 5 years Office Equipment 3 years Electrical Fittings 3 years Buildings 30 years Vehicles 8 years Plant & Equipment 15 years *The Company has estimated useful life which is different for Schedule II useful life''s based on technical advice obtained by the management. Manappuram Finance Limited (''MAFIL'' or ''the Company'') is a public Limited company domiciled in India and incorporated on 15 July 1992 in Thrissur, Kerala. Its shares are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange Limited and National Stock Exchange Limited. The Company is a Non-Banking Finance Company (''NBFC''), which provides a wide range of fund based and fee based services including gold Loans, money exchange facilities, etc. The Company is a SystemicaLLy Important Non-Deposit taking NBFC(NBFC-ND). The Company is registered with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The registration details are as follows: Reserve Bank of India Registration no : B-16.00029 Corporate Identity Number(CIN) : L65910KL1992PLC006623 The Company is the uLtimate parent company of the Manappuram Home Finance Limited, Asirvad Microfinance Limited, Manappuram Insurance Brokers Limited and Manappuram Comptech and Consultants Limited. The company''s registered office is at IV/470a (Old) W/638 (New), Manappuram house Valapad P.O, Thrissur - 680567, Kerala. The principal place of business is Thrissur Kerala. These financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS), under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair values, the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Actâ) (to the extent notified) and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). The Ind AS are prescribed under Section 133 of the Act read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued there after read with relevant rules issued thereunder and other accounting principles generally accepted in India mainly considering the Master Directions issued by the Reserve Bank of India (''RBI'') as applicable to Non-Banking Finance Companies - ND. The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR) which is also the functional currency of the company and all values are rounded to the nearest millions, except when otherwise indicated. 3 PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT The financial statements of the Company are presented as per Schedule III (Division III) of the Companies Act, 2013 applicable to NBFCs, as notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA). Financial assets and financial liabilities are generally reported on a gross basis except when, there is an unconditional legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts without being contingent on a future event and the parties intend to settle on a net basis in the following circumstances: i. The normal course of business ii. The event of default iii. The event of insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company and/or its counterparties. The financial statements are presented in INR, which is also the Company''s functional currency and all values are rounded to the nearest million, except when otherwise indicated. These separate financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended and notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 and the generally accepted accounting principles as referred to in paragraph 2 "Basis of Preparationâ above. 5 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (ALSO REFER NOTE 2 ABOVE)5.1 INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARY I nterest in subsidiary, associates and joint venture are recognised at cost and not adjusted to fair value at the end of each reporting period. Cost represents amount paid for acquisition of the said investments(net of impairment). The Company classifies its financial assets into the following measurement categories: 1. Financial assets to be measured at amortised cost 2. Financial assets to be measured at fair value through other comprehensive income 3. Financial assets to be measured at fair value through profit or loss account The classification depends on the contractual terms of the financial assets'' cash flows and the Company''s business model for managing financial assets. The Company determines its business model at the level that best reflects how it manages groups of financial assets to achieve its business objective. The business model is assessed on the basis of aggregated portfolios based on observable factors. These factors include: ⢠Reports reviewed by the entity''s key management personnel on the performance of the financial assets ⢠The risks impacting the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and its management thereof ⢠The compensation of the managing teams (for example, whether the compensation is based on the fair value of the assets managed or on the contractual cash flows collected) ⢠The expected frequency, value and timing of trades. The business model assessment is based on reasonably expected scenarios without taking ''worst case'' or ''stress case'' scenarios into account. The Company also assesses the contractual terms of financial assets on the basis of its contractual cash flow characteristics that are solely for the payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. ''Principal'' s defined as the fair value of the financial asset at initial recognition and may change over the life of the financial asset (for example, if there are repayments of principal or amortisation of the premium/discount). I n making this assessment, the Company considers whether the contractual cash flows are consistent with a basic lending arrangement i.e. interest includes only consideration for the time value of money, credit risk, other basic lending risks and a profit margin that is consistent with a basic lending arrangement. Where the contractual terms introduce exposure to risk or volatility that are inconsistent with a basic lending arrangement, the related financial asset is classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss. The Company classifies its financial liabilities at amortised costs unless it has designated liabilities at fair value through the profit and loss account or is required to measure liabilities at fair value through profit or loss such as derivative liabilities. These Financial assets comprise bank balances, Loans, investments in debt securities and other financial assets. Financial Assets with contractual terms that give rise to cash flows on specified dates, and represent solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding; and are held within a business model whose objective is achieved by holding to collect contractual cash flows are measured at amortised cost. These financial assets are initially recognised at fair value plus directly attributable transaction costs and subsequently measured at amortised cost. Transaction costs are incremental costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, issue or disposal of a financial asset or a financial liability. Investment in equity instruments are generally accounted for as at fair value through the profit and loss account unless an irrevocable election has been made by management to account for at fair value through other comprehensive income Such classification is determined on an instrument-by-instrument basis. Items at fair value through profit or loss comprise: ⢠Investments (including equity shares) held for trading; ⢠Items specifically designated as fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition; and ⢠debt instruments with contractual terms that do not represent solely payments of principal and interest. Financial instruments held at fair value through profit or loss are initially recognised at fair value, with transaction costs recognised in the statement of profit and loss as incurred. Subsequently, they are measured at fair value and any gains or losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss as they arise. Financial instruments held for trading A financial instrument is classified as held for trading if it is acquired or incurred principally for selling or repurchasing in the near term, or forms part of a portfolio of financial instruments that are managed together and for which there is evidence of short-term profit taking, or it is a derivative not designated in a qualifying hedge relationship. Trading derivatives and trading securities are classified as held for trading and recognised at fair value. The Company enters into derivative transactions with various counterparties like interest rate and currency swaps and forwards. The Company undertakes derivative transactions to mitigate the risk of changes in exchange rates on foreign currency exposures. The counterparty for these contracts are generally banks. This category includes derivative financial assets/ liabilities which are not designated as hedges. Although the Company believes that these derivative instruments constitute hedges from an economic perspective, they may not qualify for hedge accounting under Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments. Any derivatives that is either not designated as a hedge, or is designated but is ineffective as per Ind AS 109, is categorised as a financial asset or liability, at fair value through profit and loss. Derivatives not designated as hedges are recognised initially at fair value and attributable transaction costs are recognised in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, these derivatives are measured at fair value through profit and loss and the resulting exchange gain or loss are included in the other income/ expenses. The Company designates certain foreign exchange forwards and swaps contracts as cash flow hedges to mitigate the risk of foreign exchange exposure on certain balance sheet liabilities. When a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge instrument, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivative instruments is recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the cash flow hedge reserve. Any ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivatives is recognised immediately in the net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If the hedging instrument no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. If the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, the cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument recognised in the cash flow hedge reserve till the period the hedge was effective remains in cash flow hedge reserve till the period the transaction occurs. The cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in the cash flow hedge reserve is transferred to the net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss upon the occurrence of the related transaction. After initial measurement, debt issued and other borrowed funds are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on issue funds, and transaction costs that are an integral part of the Effective Interest Rate (EIR). A financial asset or financial liability is recognised in the balance sheet when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument, which is generally on trade date. Loans and receivables are recognised when cash is advanced (or settled) to the borrowers. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recognised initially at fair value. All other financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus directly attributable transaction costs. The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual cash flows from the asset expire or it transfers its rights to receive contractual cash flows on the financial asset in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are transferred. Any interest in transferred financial assets that is created
Mar 31, 2021
1. Corporate Information Manappuram Finance Limited (''MAFIL'' or ''the Company'') is a public Limited company domiciled in India and incorporated on 15 July 1992 in Thrissur, Kerala. Its shares are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange. The Company is a Non-Banking Finance Company (''NBFC''), which provides a wide range of fund based and fee based services including gold Loans, money exchange facilities, etc. The Company is a SystemicaLLy Important Non-Deposit taking NBFC(NBFC-ND). The Company is registered with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The registration details are as follows: Reserve Bank of India Registration no : B-16.00029 Corporate Identity Number (CIN) : L65910KL1992PLC006623 The Company is the uLtimate parent company of the Manappuram Home Finance Limited, Asirvad Micro Finance Limited, Manappuram Insurance Brokers Limited and Manappuram Comptech and Consultants Limited. The company''s registered office is at IV/470a (OLd) W/638 (New), Manappuram house VaLapad P.O, Thrissur - 680567, KeraLa. The principaL pLace of business is Thrissur KeraLa. These financiaL statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS), under the historicaL cost convention on the accruaL basis except for certain financiaL instruments which are measured at fair vaLues, the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Actâ) and guideLines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). The Ind AS are prescribed under Section 133 of the Act read with RuLe 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) RuLes, 2015 and reLevant amendment ruLes issued there after read with reLevant ruLes issued thereunder and other accounting principLes generaLLy accepted in India mainLy considering the Master Directions issued by the Reserve Bank of India (''RBI'') as appLicabLe to Non-Banking Finance Companies - ND. The financiaL statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR) which is aLso the functionaL currency of the company and aLL vaLues are rounded to the nearest miLLions, except when otherwise indicated. 3. Presentation of financial statement The financiaL statements of the Company are presented as per ScheduLe III (Division III) of the Companies Act, 2013 appLicabLe to NBFCs, as notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA). FinanciaL assets and financiaL LiabiLities are generaLLy reported on a gross basis except when, there is an unconditionaL LegaLLy enforceabLe right to offset the recognised amounts without being contingent on a future event and the parties intend to settLe on a net basis in the foLLowing circumstances: i. The normaL course of business ii. The event of defauLt iii. The event of insoLvency or bankruptcy of the Company and/or its counterparties. 4. Statement of compliance The standaLone financiaL statements (financiaL statements) of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) RuLes, 2015 as amended and notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 and the generaLLy accepted accounting principLes as referred to in paragraph 2 "Basis of Preparationâ above. 5. Significant accounting policies 5.1 Investments in subsidiary Interest in subsidiary, associates and joint venture are recognised at cost and not adjusted to fair vaLue at the end of each reporting period. Cost represents amount paid for acquisition of the said investments (net of impairment). 5.2 Financial instruments (i) CLassification of financiaL instruments The Company cLassifies its financiaL assets into the foLLowing measurement categories: 1. FinanciaL assets measured at amortised cost 2. FinanciaL assets measured at fair vaLue through other comprehensive income 3. FinanciaL assets measured at fair vaLue through profit or Loss account The cLassification depends on the contractuaL terms of the financiaL assets'' cash fLows and the Company''s business modeL for managing financiaL assets. The Company determines its business modeL at the LeveL that best refLects how it manages groups of financiaL assets to achieve its business objective. The business modeL is assessed on the basis of aggregated portfoLios based on observabLe factors. These factors incLude: ⢠Reports reviewed by the entity''s key management personnel on the performance of the financial assets ⢠The risks impacting the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and its management thereof ⢠The compensation of the managing teams (for example, whether the compensation is based on the fair value of the assets managed or on the contractual cash flows collected) ⢠The expected frequency, value and timing of trades The business model assessment is based on reasonably expected scenarios without taking ''worst case'' or ''stress case'' scenarios into account. The Company also assesses the contractual terms of financial assets on the basis of its contractual cash flow characteristics that are solely for the payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. ''Principal'' s defined as the fair value of the financial asset at initial recognition and may change over the life of the financial asset (for example, if there are repayments of principal or amortisation of the premium/discount). In making this assessment, the Company considers whether the contractual cash flows are consistent with a basic lending arrangement i.e. interest includes only consideration for the time value of money, credit risk, other basic lending risks and a profit margin that is consistent with a basic lending arrangement. Where the contractual terms introduce exposure to risk or volatility that are inconsistent with a basic lending arrangement, the related financial asset is classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss. The Company classifies its financial liabilities at amortised costs unless it has designated liabilities at fair value through the profit and loss account or is required to measure liabilities at fair value through profit or loss such as derivative liabilities. These Financial assets comprise bank balances, Loans, investments in debt securities, investments in subsidiaries, other investments and other financial assets Financial Assets with contractual terms that give rise to cash flows on specified dates, and represent solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding; and are held within a business model whose objective is achieved by holding to collect contractualcash flows are measured at amortised cost. These financial assets are initially recognised at fair value plus directly attributable transaction costs and subsequently measured at amortised cost. Transaction costs are incremental costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, issue or disposal of a financial asset or a financial liability. Investment in equity instruments are generally accounted for as at fair value through the profit and loss account unless an irrevocable election has been made by management to account for at fair value through other comprehensive income Such classification is determined on an instrument-byinstrument basis. Items at fair value through profit or loss comprise: ⢠Investments (including equity shares) held for trading; ⢠Items specifically designated as fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition; and ⢠debt instruments with contractual terms that do not represent solely payments of principal and interest. Financial instruments held at fair value through profit or loss are initially recognised at fair value, with transaction costs recognised in the statement of profit and loss as incurred. Subsequently, they are measured at fair value and any gains or losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss as they arise. A financial instrument is classified as held for trading if it is acquired or incurred principally for selling or repurchasing in the near term, or forms part of a portfolio of financial instruments that are managed together and for which there is evidence of short-term profit taking, or it is a derivative not designated in a qualifying hedge relationship. Trading derivatives and trading securities are classified as held for trading and recognised at fair value. (iv) Derivatives The Company enters into derivative transactions with various counterparties like interest rate and currency swaps and forwards. The Company undertakes derivative transactions to mitigate the risk of changes in exchange rates on foreign currency exposures. The counterparty for these contracts are generally banks. This category includes derivative financial assets/ Liabilities which are not designated as hedges. Although the Company believes that these derivative instruments constitute hedges from an economic perspective, they may not qualify for hedge accounting under Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments. Any derivatives that is either not designated as a hedge, or is designated but is ineffective as per Ind AS 109, is categorised as a financial asset or liability, at fair value through profit and loss. Derivatives not designated as hedges are recognised initially at fair value and attributable transaction costs are recognised in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, these derivatives are measured at fair value through profit and loss and the resulting exchange gain or loss are included in the other income/ expenses. The Company designates certain foreign exchange forwards and swaps contracts as cash flow hedges to mitigate the risk of foreign exchange exposure on certain balance sheet liabilities. When a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge instrument, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivative instruments is recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the cash flow hedge reserve. Any ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivatives is recognised immediately in the net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If the hedging instrument no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. If the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, the cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument recognised in the cash flow hedge reserve till the period the hedge was effective remains in cash flow hedge reserve till the period the transaction occurs. The cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in the cash flow hedge reserve is transferred to the net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss upon the occurrence of the related transaction. (v) Debt securities and other borrowed funds After initial measurement, debt issued and other borrowed funds are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on issue funds, and transaction costs that are an integral part of the Effective Interest Rate (EIR). A financial asset or financial liability is recognised in the balance sheet when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument, which is generally on trade date. Loans and receivables are recognised when cash is advanced (or settled) to the borrowers. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recognised initially at fair value. All other financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus directly attributable transaction costs. The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual cash flows from the asset expire or it transfers its rights to receive contractual cash flows on the financial asset in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are transferred. Any interest in transferred financial assets that is created or retained by the Company is recognised as a separate asset or liability. A financial liability is derecognised from the balance sheet when the Company has discharged its obligation or the contract is cancelled or expires. The Company recognises impairment allowance for expected credit loss on financial assets held at amortised cost. The Company recognises loss allowances (provisions) for expected credit losses on its financial assets (including undisbursed sanctioned amounts) that are measured at amortised costs or at fair value through other comprehensive income account. The Company applies a three-stage approach to measuring expected credit losses (ECLs) for the following categories of financial assets that are not measured at fair value through profit or loss: ⢠debt instruments measured at amortised cost and fair value through other comprehensive income; ⢠loan commitments. No ECL is recognised on equity investments. Financial assets migrate through the following three stages based on the change in credit risk since initial recognition: Stage 1: 12-months ECL For exposures where there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition and that are not credit impaired upon origination, the portion of the lifetime ECL associated with the probability of default events occurring within the next 12 months is recognised. Stage 2: Lifetime ECL - not credit impaired For exposures where there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition but are not credit impaired, a lifetime ECL (i.e. reflecting the remaining lifetime of the financial asset) is recognised. Stage 3: Credit impaired Exposures are assessed as credit impaired when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of that asset have occurred. For exposures that have become credit impaired, a lifetime ECL is recognised and interest revenue is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the amortised cost (net of provision) rather than the gross carrying amount. Determining the stage for impairment At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk for exposures since initial recognition by comparing the risk of default occurring over the expected life between the reporting date and the date of initial recognition. The Company considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effort for this purpose. This includes quantitative and qualitative information and also, forward-looking analysis. An exposure will migrate through the ECL stages as asset quality deteriorates. If, in a subsequent period, asset quality improves and also reverses any previously assessed significant increase in credit risk since origination, then the loss allowances reverts from lifetime ECL to 12-months ECL. The loss allowances for these financial assets is based on a 12-months ECL. When an asset is uncollectible, it is written off against the related allowance. Such assets are written off after all the necessary procedures have been completed and the amount of the loss has been determined. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off reduce the amount of the allowances in the profit and loss statement. The Company assesses whether the credit risk on an exposure has increased significantly on an individual or collective basis. For the purposes of a collective evaluation of impairment, financial instruments are grouped on the basis of shared credit risk characteristics, taking into account instrument type, credit risk ratings, date of initial recognition, remaining term to maturity, industry, geographical location of the borrower and other relevant factors. ECLs are derived from unbiased and probability-weighted estimates of expected loss, and are measured as follows: ⢠Financial assets that are not credit-impaired at the reporting date: as the present value of all cash shortfalls over the expected life of the financial asset discounted by the effective interest rate. The cash shortfall is the difference between the cash flows due to the Company in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive. The Company has grouped its various financial assets in to pools containing loans bearing homogeneous risks characteristics. The probability of default for the pools are computed based on the historical trends, adjusted for any forward looking factors. Similarly the Company computes the Loss Given Default based on the recovery rates. ⢠Financial assets that are credit-impaired at the reporting date: as the difference between the gross carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted by the effective interest rate. ⢠Undrawn loan commitments: as the present value of the difference between the contractual cash flows that are due to the Company if the commitment is drawn down and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive. ⢠Financial guarantee contracts: as the expected payments to reimburse the holder less any amounts that the Company expects to recover. ECL on Debt instruments measured at fair value through OCI The ECLs for debt instruments measured at FVOCI do not reduce the carrying amount of these financial assets in the balance sheet, which remains at fair value. Instead, an amount equal to the allowance that would arise if the assets were measured at amortised cost is recognised in OCI as an accumulated impairment amount, with a corresponding charge to profit or loss. The accumulated loss recognised in OCI is recycled to the profit and loss upon derecognition of the assets. As at the reporting date the Company does not have any debt instruments measured at fair value through OCI. To mitigate its credit risks on financial assets, the Company seeks to use collateral, where possible. The collateral comes in various forms, such as movable and immovable assets, guarantees, , etc. However, the fair value of collateral affects the calculation of ECLs. To the extent possible, the Company uses active market data for valuing financial assets held as collateral. Other financial assets which do not have readily determinable market values are valued using models. Non-financial collateral, such as vehicles, is valued based on data provided by third parties or management judgements. In its normal course of business whenever default occurs, the Company may take possession of properties or other assets in its retail portfolio and generally disposes such assets through auction, to settle outstanding debt. Any surplus funds are returned to the customers/obligors. As a result of this practice, assets under legal repossession processes are not recorded on the balance sheet. The Company reduces the gross carrying amount of a financial asset when the Company has no reasonable expectations of recovering a financial asset in its entirety or a portion thereof. This is generally the case when the Company determines that the borrower does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subjected to write-offs. Any subsequent recoveries against such loans are credited to the statement of profit and loss. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The Financial assets and liabilities are presented in ascending order of their liquidity. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for share-based payment transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 102, leasing transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 17, and measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as value in use in Ind AS 36. In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised into Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows: ⢠Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date; ⢠Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability ,either directly or indirectly; and ⢠Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. The Company recognises transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred. No such instances of transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy were recorded during the reporting period. The best evidence of the fair value of a financial instrument at initial recognition is the transaction price (i.e. the fair value of the consideration given or received) unless the fair value of that instrument is evidenced by comparison with other observable current market transactions in the same instrument (i.e. without modification or repackaging) or based on a valuation technique whose variables include only data from observable markets. When such evidence exists, the Company recognises the difference between the transaction price and the fair value in profit or loss on initial recognition (i.e. on day one). When the transaction price of the instrument differs from the fair value at origination and the fair value is based on a valuation technique using only inputs observable in market transactions, the Company recognises the difference between the transaction price and fair value in net gain on fair value changes. In those cases where fair value is based on models for which some of the inputs are not observable, the difference between the transaction price and the fair value is deferred and is only recognised in profit or loss when the inputs become observable, or when the instrument is derecognised. Interest income is recognised by applying the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) to the gross carrying amount of financial assets measured through amortised cost method. The EIR in case of a financial asset is computed a. As the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset. b. By considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument in estimating the cash flows c. Including all fees received between parties to the contract that are an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs, and all other premiums or discounts. Any subsequent changes in the estimation of the future cash flows is recognised in interest income with the corresponding adjustment to the carrying amount of the assets. Dividend income is recognised a. When the right to receive the payment is established, b. it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity and c. the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably. Fees and commissions other than those which forms part of EIR are recognised when the Company satisfies the performance obligation, at fair value of the consideration received or receivable based on a five-step model as set out below: Step 1: Identify contract(s) with a customer: A contract is defined as an agreement between two or more parties that creates enforceable rights and obligations and sets out the criteria for every contract that must be met. Step 2: Identify performance obligations in the contract: A performance obligation is a promise in a contract with a customer to transfer a good or service to the customer. Step 3: Determine the transaction price: The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties. Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract: For a contract that has more than one performance obligation, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation in an amount that depicts the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for satisfying each performance obligation. Step 5: Recognise revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Processing fee which is not form part of effective interest rate has been recognised as and when it is accrue. Any differences between the fair values of financial assets classified as fair value through the profit or loss, held by the Company on the balance sheet date is recognised as an unrealised gain / loss. In cases there is a net gain in the aggregate, the same is recognised in "Net gains on fair value changesâ under Revenue from operations and if there is a net loss the same is disclosed under "Expensesâ in the statement of Profit and Loss. Similarly, any realised gain or loss on sale of financial instruments measured at FVTPL and debt instruments measured at FVOCI is recognised in net gain / loss on fair value changes. As at the reporting date the Company does not have any financial instruments measured at FVTPL and debt instruments measured at FVOCI. However, net gain / loss on derecognition of financial instruments classified as amortised cost is presented separately under the respective head in the Statement of Profit and Loss. 5.4 Expenses (i) Finance costs Finance costs represents Interest expense recognised by applying the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) to the gross carrying amount of financial liabilities other than financial Liabilities classified as FVTPL. The EIR in case of a financial liability is computed a. As the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments through the expected life of the financial liability to the gross carrying amount of the amortised cost of a financial liability. b. By considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument in estimating the cash flows c. Including all fees paid between parties to the contract that are an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs, and all other premiums or discounts. Any subsequent changes in the estimation of the future cash flows is recognised in interest income with the corresponding adjustment to the carrying amount of the assets. Interest expense includes issue costs that are initially recognized as part of the carrying value of the financial liability and amortized over the expected life using the effective interest method. These include fees and commissions payable to advisers and other expenses such as external legal costs, Rating Fee etc., provided these are incremental costs that are directly related to the issue of a financial liability. (ii) Retirement and other employee benefits Short term employee benefit All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short-term employee benefits. These benefits include short term compensated absences such as paid annual leave. The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees is recognised as an expense during the period. Benefits such as salaries and wages, etc. and the expected cost of the bonus/ ex-gratia are recognised in the period in which the employee renders the related service. a) Defined contribution schemes All the employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits under the Provident Fund and Employees State Insurance scheme, defined contribution plans in which both the employee and the Company contribute monthly at a stipulated rate. The Company has no liability for future benefits other than its annual contribution and recognises such contributions as an expense in the period in which employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the Balance Sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognised as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the Balance Sheet date, then excess is recognised as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund. b) Defined Benefit schemes The Company provides for the gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan covering all employees. The plan provides for lump sum payments to employees upon death while in employment or on separation from employment after serving for the stipulated years mentioned under ''The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972''. The present value of the obligation under such defined benefit plan is determined based on actuarial valuation, carried out by an independent actuary at each Balance Sheet date, using the Projected Unit Credit Method, which recognizes each period of service as giving rise to an additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation. The obligation is measured at the present value of the estimated future cash flows. The discount rates used for determining the present value of the obligation under defined benefit plan are based on the market yields on Government Securities as at the Balance Sheet date. Net interest recognized in profit or loss is calculated by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The actual return on the plan assets above or below the discount rate is recognized as part of re-measurement of net defined liability or asset through other comprehensive income. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, attrition rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its longterm nature, these liabilities are highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed annually. The Company fully contributes all ascertained liabilities to LIC without routing it through Trust bank account. Trustees administer, contributions made to the trust and contributions are invested in a scheme of insurance with the IRDA approved Insurance Company Re-measurement, comprising of actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognized immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to profit and loss in subsequent periods. Company''s liabilities towards compensated absences to employees are accrued on the basis of valuations, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by an independent actuary using Projected Unit Credit Method. Actuarial gains and losses comprise experience adjustments and the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions and are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The Company presents the Provision for compensated absences under provisions in the Balance Sheet. The Company has formulated Employee Stock Option Schemes (ESOS) in accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999. The Scheme provide for grant of options to employees of the Company and its subsidiaries to acquire equity shares of the Company that vest in a graded manner and that are to be exercised within a specified period. The grant date fair value of equity settled share based payment awards granted to employees is recognised as an employee expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the employees unconditionally become entitled to the awards. The amount recognised in employee benefits expenses/investment in subsidiary together with a corresponding increase in employee stock option outstanding account in other equity is based on the estimate of the number of awards for which the related service and non-market vesting conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognised as an expense is based on the number of awards that do meet the related service and non-market vesting conditions at the vesting date. (iii) Other income and expenses All Other income and expense are recognized in the period they occur. The carrying amount of assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the assets, net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life. Current tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior years are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from, or paid to, the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted, or substantively enacted, by the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates taxable income. Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised for temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled. cash equivalents consist of cash and short- term deposits, as defined above. 5.7 Property, Plant and equipment (PPE) Property, plant and equipment (PPE) are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment, (if any). The total cost of assets comprises its purchase price, freight, duties, taxes and any other incidental expenses directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by the management. Changes in the expected useful life are accounted for by changing the amortisation period or methodology, as appropriate, and treated as changes in accounting estimates. Subsequent expenditure related to an item of tangible asset are added to its gross value only if it increases the future benefits of the existing asset, beyond its previously assessed standards of performance and cost can be measured reliably. Other repairs and maintenance costs are expensed off as and when incurred. Depreciation is calculated using the Straight Line Method (SLM) to write down the cost of property and equipment to their residual values over their estimated useful lives. Land is not depreciated. The estimated useful lives are, as follows: Particulars Useful life estimated by Company Computer - End User equipment 3 years - Server* 3 years Furniture & Fixtures - Safe and strong rooms 10 years - Others* 3 - 5 years Office Equipment 3 years Buildings 30 years Vehicles 8 years Plant & Equipment 15 years Deferred tax assets are only recognised for temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax credits if it is probable that future taxable amounts will arise to utilise those temporary differences and losses. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities are realised simultaneously. 5.5 Foreign currency translation The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees which is also functional currency of the Company and the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates. Initial recognition: Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Conversion: Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency, which are outstanding as at the reporting date, are translated at the reporting date at the closing exchange rate and the resultant exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Non-monetary items that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the spot exchange rates as at the date of recognition. Cash and cash equivalents comprise the net amount of short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash (short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less) and are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value, cheques on hand and balances with banks. They are held for the purposes of meeting short-term cash commitments (rather than for investment or other purposes). For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and *The Company has estimated useful life which is different for Schedule II useful life''s based on technical advice obtained by the management. The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate. Property plant and equipment is derecognised on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is recognised in other income / expense in the statement of profit and loss in the year the asset is derecognised. The date of disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is the date the recipient obtains control of that item in accordance with the requirements for determining when a performance obligation is satisfied in Ind AS 115. An intangible asset is recognised only when its cost can be measured reliably and it is probable that the expected future economic benefits that are attributable to it will flow to the Company. Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of an intangible asset comprises its purchase price and any directly attributable expenditure on making the asset ready for its intended use and net of any trade discounts and rebates. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses. The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed to be either finite or indefinite. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at each financial year-end. Changes in the expected useful life, or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset, are accounted for by changing the amortisation period or methodology, as appropriate, which are then treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is presented as a separate line item in the statement of profit and loss. Amortisation on assets acquired/sold during the year is recognised on a pro-rata basis to the Statement of Profit and Loss from / up to the date of acquisition/sale. Amortisation is calculated using the straight-line method to write down the cost of intangible assets to their residual values over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets comprising of software are amortised on a straight-line basis over a period of 6 years, unless it has a shorter useful life. The Company''s intangible assets consist of computer software with definite life. Gains or losses from derecognition of intangible assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised. Provisions are recognised when the enterprise has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of past events, and it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the effect of the time value of money is material, the enterprise determines the level of provision by discounting the expected cash flows at a pre-tax rate reflecting the current rates specific to the liability. The expense relating to any provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement. 5.10 Contingent Assets and Liabilities A contingent asset is a possible asset that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the entity. The Company does not recognize or disclose contingent asset in the financial statements. A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements. The Company reports basic and diluted earnings per share in accordance with Ind AS 33 on Earnings per share. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders (after attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the period, unless they have been issued at a later date. In computing the dilutive earnings per share, only potential equity shares that are dilutive and that either reduces the earnings per share or increases loss per share are included. Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM). The Board of Directors (BOD) of the Company assesses the financial performance and position of the Company, and makes strategic decisions. The BOD, which has been identified as being the chief operating decision maker. The Company is engaged in the business of i) Lending finance and ii) Fees & commission income. The said business are aggregated for the purpose of review of performance by CODM. Accordingly, the Company has concluded that the business of lending finance and fees & commission income to be the only reportable segment. Ind AS 116 requires lessees to determine the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The Company makes an assessment on the expected lease term on a lease-bylease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any options to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the termination of the lease and the importance of the underlying asset to Company''s operations taking into account the location of the underlying asset and the availability of suitable alternatives. The lease term in future periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects the current economic circumstances. The Company''s lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for land and buildings. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether: (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset (ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset. At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset ("ROUâ) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (shortterm leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Certain lease arrangements includes the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised. The right-of-use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right of use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs. The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates in the country of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right of use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option. Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows. 6 Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the Ind AS requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the accompanying disclosure and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and future periods are affected. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates coutd result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods. In particular, information about significant areas of estimation, uncertainty and critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements is included in the following notes: 6.1 Defined employee benefit assets and liabilities The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate; future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed annually. 6.2 Impairment of loans portfolio The measurement of impairment losses across all categories of financial assets requires judgement, in particular, the estimation of the amount and timing of future cash flows and collateral values when determining impairment losses and the assessment of a significant increase in credit risk. These estimates are driven by a number of factors, changes in which can result in different levels of allowances. It has been the Company''s policy to regularly review it''s ECL model in the context of actual loss experience and adjust when necessary. The impairment loss on loans and advances is disclosed in more detail in Note 5(vii) Overview of ECL principles. The COVID -19 pandemic continues to spread across the globe and India, which has contributed to a significant volatility in global and Indian financial markets and a significant decrease in global and local economic activities. The standalone financial statements, includes the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic which are dependent on future developments, which cannot be predicted with certainty, including, among other things, any new information concerning the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and any action to contain its spread or mitigate its impact whether Government mandated or elected by the Company and its subsequent impact on the recoverability of the Company''s assets. Further, the Company has, based on current available information and based on the policy approved by the board, determined the prudential estimate of provision for impairment of financial assets. Given the uncertainty over the potential macro-economic impact, the Company''s management has considered all available internal and external information up to the date of approval of these financial statements. Accordingly, the Company has made prudential estimate of provision for expected credit loss on financial assets as at March 31, 2021. Based on the current indicators of future economic conditions, the Company considers this provision to be adequate and expects to recover the carrying amount of these financial assets. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will further impact the Company''s standalone financial statements will depend on developments, which cannot be predicted with certainty, including, among other things, any new information concerning the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and any action to contain its spread or mitigate its impact whether government-mandated or elected by the Company. Accordingly, the impact of the global health pandemic may be different from that estimated as at the date of approval of these standalone financial statements. The Company will continue to closely monitor any material changes to future economic conditions.
(I) CLASSIFICATION OFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS
(II) FINANCIAL ASSETS MEASURED AT AMORTISED COST
Equity Instruments
(III) ITEMS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS
(IV) DERIVATIVES
a) Financial Assets or Liabilities at Fair Value through Profit and Loss
b) Cash flow Hedge:
(V) DEBT SECURITIES AND OTHER BORROWED FUNDS
(VI) RECOGNITION AND DERECOGNITION OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
(VII) IMPAIRMENT OF FINANCIAL ASSETS
Determining the stage for impairment
Measurement of ECLs
Collateral Valuation
Collateral repossessed
(VIII) WRITE-OFFS
(IX) DETERMINATION OF FAIR VALUE
Difference between transaction price and fair value at initial recognition
(I) INTEREST INCOME
(II) DIVIDEND INCOME
(III) FEES & COMMISSION INCOME
(IV) NET GAIN ON FAIR VALUE CHANGES
(I) FINANCE COSTS
(II) RETIREMENT AND OTHER EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
(III) OTHER INCOME AND EXPENSES
(IV) IMPAIRMENT OF NON-FINANCIAL ASSETS
(V) TAXES Current Tax
Deferred tax
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT)
(I) FUNCTIONAL AND PRESENTATIONAL CURRENCY
(II) TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES Initial recognition:
Conversion:
(I) CLASSIFICATION OFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS
(II) FINANCIAL ASSETS MEASURED AT AMORTISED COST
Equity Instruments
(III) ITEMS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS
(IV) DERIVATIVES
a) Financial Assets or Liabilities at Fair Value through Profit and Loss
b) Cash flow Hedge:
(V) DEBT SECURITIES AND OTHER BORROWED FUNDS
(VI) RECOGNITION AND DERECOGNITION OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
(ii) Financial assets measured at amortised cost
Equity instruments
(iii) Items at Fair value through profit or loss
Financial instruments held for trading
a) Financial Assets or Liabilities at Fair Value through Profit and Loss
b) Cash flow Hedge:
(vi) Recognition and derecognition of financial assets and liabilities
(vii) Impairment of financial assets
Measurement of ECLs
Collateral Valuation
Collateral repossessed
(viii) Write-offs
(ix) Determination of fair value
Difference between transaction price and fair value at initial recognition
(i) Interest Income
(ii) Dividend Income
(iii) Fees & Commission Income
(iv) Net gain on Fair value changes
Post-employment employee benefits
Other long-term employee benefits
(iv) Impairment of non-financial assets
(v) Taxes Current Tax
Deferred tax
(i) Functional and presentational currency
(ii) Transactions and balances
The Company as a lessee
Mar 31, 2018
) CORPORATE INFORMATION
Manappuram Finance Limited (''MAFIL'' or ''the Company'') was incorporated on July 15, 1992 in Thrissur, Kerala. The Company is a Non-Banking Finance Company (''NBFC''), which provides a wide range of fund based and fee based services including gold loans, money exchange facilities, etc. The Company currently operates through 3,329 branches spread across the country. The Company is a Systemically Important Non-Deposit taking NBFC.
2) BASIS OF PREPARATION
The standalone financial statements of the company have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP). The company has prepared these financial statements to comply in all material respects with the accounting standards prescribed under section 133 of the Companies Act 2013 and the guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India as applicable to a Systemically Important Non-Deposit accepting NBFC (''NBFC-ND-SI''). The standalone financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and on an accrual basis except for interest and discounts on non-performing assets which are recognized on realization basis.
The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of standalone financial statements are consistent with those of previous year.
2.1) Statement of significant accounting policies
a) Use of estimates
The preparation of standalone financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.
(b) Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, capital work in progress are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.
The company identifies and determines cost of each component/ part of the asset separately, if the component/ part has a cost which is significant to the total cost of the asset and has useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining asset.
c) Depreciation
Depreciation is provided using straight line method at the following rates, which is management''s estimate of the useful lives of the assets:
*The Company has estimated useful life which is different for Schedule II useful life''s based on technical advice obtained by the management.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
d) Intangible assets - Computer software & licenses
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life of 6 years.
The amortization period and the amortization method are reviewed at least at each financial year end.
e) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating units (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revise carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
e) Leases
Finance leases, which effectively transfer to the company substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalized at the inception of the lease term at the lower of the fair value of the leased property and present value of minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognize as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss. Lease management fees, legal charges and other initial direct costs of lease are capitalized.
A leased asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the company will obtain the ownership by the end of the lease term, the capitalized asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term.
Leases where the less or effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased term, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments in respect of non-cancellable leases are recognized as an expense in the statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis.
f) Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long term investments.
Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Quoted current investments for each category is value at cost or market value whichever is lower. Unquote investments in the units of mutual fund in the nature of current investment are also carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.
Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.
g) Revenues
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. In a situation where management belives that the recovery of interest is uncertain due to change in the price of the gold or otherwise, the Company recognizes income on such loans only to the extent it is confident of recovering interest from its customers through sale of underlying security or otherwise.
Interest income on loans given is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Such interests, where installments are overdue in respect of non-performing assets are recognized on realization basis. Any such income recognized and remaining unrealized after they become overdue in respect of secured and unsecured loans are reversed.
Loan origination income i.e. processing fee and other charges collected upfront are recognized at the inception of the loan. Except, in the case of Gold Loans these income are recognized at the time of settlement.
All other charges such as cheque return charges, overdue charges etc are recognized on realization basis. These charges are treated to accrue on realization, due to the uncertainty of their realization.
Revenues from fee-based activities are recognized as and when services are rendered.
Interest on deposits is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
h) Employee benefits
i. Retirement benefit in the form of Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme and Employees State Insurance Scheme are considered as defined contribution plans and are charged as an expense based on the amount of contribution required to be made and when services are rendered by the employees.. If the contribution payable to the scheme for the service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as the liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.
ii. Gratuity liability under the Payment of Gratuity Act which is a defined benefit scheme is accrued and provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation as per projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year.
iii. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.
iv. Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilize within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.
The company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the entire leave as a current liability in the balance sheet considering the absence of unconditional right to defer its settlement.
v. The Company has formulated Employee Stock Option Schemes (ESOS) in accordance with the SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999. The Scheme provide for grant of options to employees of the Company and its subsidiaries to acquire equity shares of the Company that vest in a graded manner and that are to be exercised within a specified period. The Employee Stock Option granted are accounted under the Intrinsic Value
Method stated in the Guidance Note on Employee Share Based Payments issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.
i) Foreign currency transactions
(i) Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.
(ii) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date . Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.
(iii) Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.
(iv) Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency risk of an existing asset/ liability
The Company enters into forward exchange contracts and other instruments that are in substance a forward exchange contract to hedge its risk associated with foreign currency fluctuations. The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contract (other than firm commitment or highly probable forecast transaction) is amortized and recognized as an expense/ income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts, except the contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognized as income or as expense for the period. Any gain/
loss arising on forward contracts which are long term foreign currency monetary items is recognize in accordance with the following
a) Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items related to acquisition of a fixed asset are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset
b) Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency monetary items are accumulated in the "Foreign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Accountâ and amortized over the remaining life of the concerned monetary item.
(v) Derivative instruments and hedge accounting
The company uses derivative financial instruments, such as, foreign currency forward contracts to hedge foreign currency risk arising from future transactions in respect of which firm commitments are made or which are highly probable forecast transactions. It also uses interest rate swaps to hedge interest rate risk arising from variable rate loans. The company designates these forward contracts and interest rate swaps in a hedging relationship by applying the hedge accounting principles of set out in Guidance note on Derivative Contracts issued by ICAI.
The use of derivative contracts is governed by the Company''s policies on the use of such derivative consistent with the Company''s risk management strategy. The company doesn''t use the derivative financial instrument for speculative purposes.
Derivative contracts are initially measured at fair value and re-measured at subsequent reporting dates. Change in fair value of these Derivative contracts are designated and effective as hedges of future cash flows are recognized directly in "Hedge Reserve Accountâ under shareholders'' Funds and the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss.
Changes in fair value of Derivative Contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting are recognized in statement of Profit and Loss as they arise.
The amounts recognized in the Hedge Reserve are transferred to the statement of Profit and loss when the hedged transaction crystallizes.
I f the forecast transactions are no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in the hedge reserve is transferred to Statement of Profit and Loss.
Hedge Accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or sold, terminated or exercised, or no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. If any of these events occur or if a hedge transaction is no longer expected to expected to occur, the net cumulative gain or loss recognized under Shareholders'' Fund is transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year.
j) Borrowing costs
Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensec in the period they occur.
k) Income Tax
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible timing differences only to the extent that there is a reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred tax assets. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing differences.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.
l) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The weighted average numbers of equity shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for events of bonus issue; bonus element in a rights issue to existing shareholders; share split; and reverse share split, if any.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
m) Provisions
(i) A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determine based on management estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current management estimates.
(ii) Provision policy for gold loans and other loan portfolios
Secured loans/Others loans are classified / provides for, as per management''s best estimates, subject to the minimum provision required as per Master Direction - Non-Banking Financial Company
- Systemically Important Non-Deposit taking Company and Deposit taking Company (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2016.
Other loans are classified/ provided for, as per management''s best estimate, subject to the minimum provisions required as per Systemically Important Non-Deposit taking Company and Deposit taking Company (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2016
n) Segment reporting
The Company operates in a single reportable segment i.e., financing, which has similar risks and returns for the purpose of AS 17 on ''Segment Reporting''. The Company operates in a single geographical segment ie., domestic.
o) Cash and Cash Equivalents (for purposes of Cash Flow Statements)
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.
p) Cash Flow Statements
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit / (loss) before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past / future cash receipts or payments. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated based on the available information.
q) Ancillary borrowing costs
Ancillary borrowings costs incurred for the issue of debentures and other long term borrowings are expense over the tenure of the loan.
r) Insurance claims
Insurance claims are accrued for on the basis of claims admitted and/or to the extent there is no uncertainty in receiving the claims. The Company re-assesses the claims made at each reporting period for recoverability.
s) Surplus on auction of pledged gold
The Company has a policy of refund of any surplus that arises on auction of pledged gold which has been repossessed by the Company in accordance with the terms of the agreement with the customers.
t) Expenditure on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
The Company accounts the expenditure incurred towards Corporate Social Responsibility as required under the Act as a charge to the statement of profit and loss.
u) Contingent liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements as there is no indication of the uncertainties relating to any outflow.
b. Terms/rights attached to equity shares
The Company has only one class of equity shares having a par value of ''2/- per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share. The Company declares and pays dividends in Indian rupees. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting.
During the year ended March 31, 2018, the amount of per share dividend recognized as distributions to equity shareholders was ''2/- per share (March 31, 2017: ''1.50 per share).
In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.
In addition, the Company has issued 1,328,626 equity shares (March 31, 2017: 746,500) during the period of five years immediately preceding the reporting date on exercise of options granted under the employee stock option plan (ESOP) wherein part consideration was received in the form of employee services.
b) In respect of the debentures issued through public issue, the Company has created DRR of ''144.53 as at March 31, 2018(March 31, 2017 Rs,821.21). The Company subsequent to the year end has deposited a sum of Rs, 2.62 (March 31,2017 Rs,291.20) in the form of fixed deposits with scheduled banks, representing 15% of the debenture issued through public issue, which are due for redemption within one year from the balance sheet date net of redemption before April 30, 2018.
These are secured by an exclusive charge by way of hypothecation of book debts pertaining to loans granted against gold and margin/cash collateral as per the agreement. Further, the loan has been guaranteed by personal guarantee of Mr. V.P Nandakumar, Managing Director and CEO to the extent of Rs, 4,770.05 (March 31, 2017 Rs, 4,671.71)
E) Finance lease obligation is secured by hypothecation of Computers taken on lease. The interest rate implicit in the lease is 11% p.a. The gross investment in lease, i.e., lease obligation plus interest, is payable in 12 quarterly instalments of approx. Rs, 83.52 (March 31, 2017 -Rs, 9.88) each.
F) Foreign currency loan:
1) Rs, 1,000 as at March 31, 2018 ( March 31, 2017 Rs,1,000) which carries interest @ LIBOR plus 265bps. The loan is repayable after 3 years from the date of its origination, viz., May 9,2016.
2) Rs, 500 as at March 31, 2018 ( March 31, 2017 Rs, 500) which carries interest @ LIBOR plus 215bps. The loan is repayable after 3 years from the date of its origination, viz., December 22, 2016. The loans are secured against the first pari passu charge on current assets, book debts and receivables including gold loans 8 advances of the Company. Further, the loan has been guaranteed by personal guarantee of Mr. V.P Nandakumar, Managing Director and CEO to the extent of Rs, 4,770.05 (March 31, 2017 Rs, 4,671.71)
Subsequent to the share split and bonus issue in year 2010, the number of options has been adjusted to 8,295,000 options and the exercise price has been adjusted to Rs,33.12 per share in accordance with the terms of the scheme. Further, subsequent to bonus issue in the year 2011, the exercise price has been adjusted to Rs,16.56 per share.
The Company has adopted the (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 issued by Securities and Exchange Board of India, and has recorded a compensation expense using the intrinsic value method as set out in those guidelines.
The Company has re-issued the lapsed options, pursuant to the approval of the Nomination Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee. The Company has granted 1,191,000 options at an exercise price of Rs, 31.25 on November 03, 2014 which will vest over a period of two years from the grant date (50% of the eligible share on November 03, 2015 and balance 50% of the eligible share on November 03, 2016). The exercise period commences from the date of vesting and will expire not later than four years from the date of vesting.
Board at its meeting held on August 10, 2017 has canceled the ESOS 2009 and 448500 lapsed options under ESOS 2009 based on the recommendation of the Nomination Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee with effect from August 10, 2017 and the same has been intimated to the stock exchages.
The expected volatility of the stock has been determined based on historical volatility of the stock. The period over which volatility has been considered is the expected life of the option.
Mar 31, 2017
1) NATURE OF OPERATIONS
Manappuram Finance Limited (''MAFIL'' or ''the Company'') was incorporated on July 15, 1992 in Thrissur, Kerala. The Company is a Non-Banking Finance Company (''NBFC''), which provides a wide range of fund based and fee based services including gold loans, money exchange facilities, etc. The Company currently operates through 3,291 branches spread across the country. The Company is a Systemically Important Non-Deposit taking NBFC.
2) BASIS OF PREPARATION
The standalone financial statements of the company have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP). The company has prepared these financial statements to comply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified under section 133 of the Companies Act 2013, read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016 and the guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India as applicable to a Systemically Important Non Deposit accepting NBFC (''NBFC-ND-SI''). The standalone financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and on an accrual basis except for interest and discounts on nonperforming assets which are recognized on realization basis.
The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of standalone financial statements are consistent with those of previous year, except for the changes required as per the Companies (According Standard) Amendment Rules, 2016.
2.1) Statement of significant accounting policies
a) Use of estimates
The preparation of standalone financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.
b) Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, capital work in progress are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met
and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.
The company identifies and determines cost of each component/ part of the asset separately, if the component/ part has a cost which is significant to the total cost of the asset and has useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining asset.
c) Depreciation
Depreciation is provided using straight line method at the following rates, which is management''s estimate of the useful lives of the assets:
* The Company has estimated useful life which is different from Schedule II useful life based on technical advice obtained by the management.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
d) Intangible assets - Computer software & licenses
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life of 6 years.
The amortization period and the amortization method are reviewed at least at each financial year end.
e) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating units (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
f) Leases
Finance leases, which effectively transfer to the company substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalized at the inception of the lease term at the lower of the fair value of the leased property and present value of minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognized as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss. Lease management fees, legal charges and other initial direct costs of lease are capitalized.
A leased asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the company will obtain the ownership by the end of the lease term, the capitalized asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term.
Leases where the less or effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased term, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments in respect of non-cancellable leases are recognized as an expense in the statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
g) Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments. Any inter class transfer should be with the approval of the board and as per RBI regulation.
Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Quoted current investments for each category is valued at cost or market value whichever is lower. Unquoted investments in the units of mutual fund in the nature of current investment are also carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.
Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.
h) Revenues
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. In a situation where management believes that the recovery of interest is uncertain due to change in the price of the gold or otherwise, the Company recognizes income on such loans only to the extent it is confident of recovering interest from its customers through sale of underlying security or otherwise.
Interest income on loans given is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Such interests, where installments are overdue in respect of non-performing assets are recognized on realization basis. Any such income recognized and remaining unrealized after they become overdue in respect of secured and unsecured loans are reversed.
Loan origination income i.e. processing fee and other charges collected upfront are recognized at the inception of the loan.
All other charges such as cheque return charges, overdue charges etc are recognized on realization basis. These charges are treated to accrue on realization, due to the uncertainty of their realization.
Revenues from fee-based activities are recognized as and when services are rendered.
Interest on deposits is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
i) Employee benefits
i. Retirement benefit in the form of Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for the service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as the liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.
ii. Gratuity liability under the Payment of Gratuity Act which is a defined benefit scheme is accrued and provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation as per projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year.
iii. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.
iv. Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.
The company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the entire leave as a current liability in the balance sheet considering the absence of unconditional right to defer its settlement.
j) Foreign currency transactions
(i) Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.
(ii) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date . Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.
(iii) Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.
(iv) Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency risk of an existing asset/ liability
The Company enters into forward exchange contracts and other instruments that are in substance a forward exchange contract to hedge its risk associated with foreign currency fluctuations. The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contract (other than firm commitment or highly probable forecast transaction) is amortized and recognized as an expense/ income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts, except the contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items, are
recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognized as income or as expense for the period. Any gain/ loss arising on forward contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items is recognized in accordance with the following
a) Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary items related to acquisition of a fixed asset are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset
b) Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency monetary items are accumulated in the "Foreign Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Accountâ and amortized over the remaining life of the concerned monetary item.
(v) Derivative instruments and hedge accounting
The company uses derivative financial instruments, such as, foreign currency forward contracts to hedge foreign currency risk arising from future transactions in respect of which firm commitments are made or which are highly probable forecast transactions. It also uses interest rate swaps to hedge interest rate risk arising from variable rate loans. The company designates these forward contracts and interest rate swaps in a hedging relationship by applying the hedge accounting principles of set out in Guidance note on Derivative Contracts issued by ICAI.
The use of derivative contracts is governed by the Company''s policies on the use of such derivative consistent with the Company''s risk management strategy. The company doesn''t use the derivative financial instrument for speculative purposes.
Derivative contracts are initially measured at fair value and re-measured at subsequent reporting dates. Change in fair value of these Derivative contracts are designated and effective as hedges of future cash flows are recognized directly in "Hedge Reserve Accountâ under shareholders'' Funds and the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss.
Changes in fair value of Derivative Contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting are recognized in statement of Profit and Loss as they arise.
The amounts recognized in the Hedge Reserve are transferred to the statement of Profit and loss when the hedged transaction crystallizes.
I f the forecast transactions are no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in the hedge reserve is transferred to Statement of Profit and Loss.
Hedge Accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or sold, terminated or exercised, or no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. If any of these events occur or if a hedge transaction is no longer expected to expected to occur, the net cumulative gain or loss recognized under Shareholders'' Fund is transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year.
k) Borrowing costs
Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur.
l) Income Tax
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible timing differences only to the extent that there is a reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred tax assets. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing differences.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.
m) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The weighted average numbers of equity shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for events of bonus issue; bonus element in a rights issue to existing shareholders; share split; and reverse share split, if any.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
n) Provisions
(i) A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on management estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current management estimates.
(ii) Provision policy for gold loans and other loan portfolios
Secured loans/Others loans are classified / provided for, as per management''s best estimates, subject to the minimum provision required as per Master Direction - Non-Banking Financial Company - Systemically Important Non-Deposit taking Company and Deposit taking Company (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2016.
Other loans are classified/ provided for, as per management''s best estimate, subject to the minimum provisions required as per Systemically Important Non-Deposit taking Company and Deposit taking Company (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2016
o) Segment reporting
The Company operates in a single reportable segment i.e., financing, which has similar risks and returns for the purpose of AS 17 on ''Segment Reporting''. The Company operates in a single geographical segment ie., domestic.
p) Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.
q) Ancillary borrowing costs
Ancillary borrowings costs incurred for the issue of debentures and other long term borrowings are expensed over the tenure of the loan.
r) Insurance claims
Insurance claims are accrued for on the basis of claims admitted and/or to the extent there is no uncertainty in receiving the claims. The Company re-assesses the claims made at each reporting period for recoverability.
s) Surplus on auction of pledged gold
The Company has a policy of refund of any surplus that arises on auction of pledged gold which has been repossessed by the Company in accordance with the terms of the agreement with the customers.
t) Expenditure on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
The Company accounts the expenditure incurred towards Corporate Social Responsibility as required under the Act as a charge to the statement of profit and loss.
u) Contingent liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements as there is no indication of the uncertainties relating to any outflow.
b. Terms/rights attached to equity shares
The Company has only one class of equity shares having a par value of - 2/- per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share. The Company declares and pays dividends in Indian rupees. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting.
During the year ended 31 March 2017, the amount of per share dividend recognized as distributions to equity shareholders was -1.50 per share (31 March 2016: - 2.25/- per share).
In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.
I n addition, the Company has issued 746,500 equity shares (March 31, 2016: 11,213,880) during the period of five years immediately preceding the reporting date on exercise of options granted under the employee stock option plan (ESOP) wherein part consideration was received in form of employee services.
As per records of the Company, including its register of shareholders/ members and other declarations received from shareholders regarding beneficial interest, the above shareholding represents both legal and beneficial ownerships of shares.
Mar 31, 2016
A) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and
liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of
the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the
management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty
about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes
requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or
liabilities in future periods.
b) Fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing
costs if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost
of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.
c) Depreciation
Depreciation is provided using straight line method at the following
rates, which is management''s estimate of the useful lives of the
assets:
d) Intangible assets - Computer software & licenses
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial
recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets
are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated
impairment losses, if any.
Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the
estimated useful economic life of 6 years. The amortization period and
the amortization method are reviewed at least at each financial year
end.
e) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an
indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or
when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company
estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount
is the higher of an asset''s or cash- generating unit''s (CGU) net
selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is
determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate
cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or
groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds
its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written
down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the
estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using
a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the
time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.
In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken
into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified,
an appropriate valuation model is used.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
f) Leases
Finance leases, which effectively transfer to the lessee substantially
all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item,
are capitalized at the inception of the lease term at the lower of the
fair value of the leased property and present value of minimum lease
payments. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges
and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate
of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges
are recognized as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.
Lease management fees, legal charges and other initial direct costs of
lease are capitalized.
A leased asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful
life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that
the company will obtain the ownership by the end of the lease term, the
capitalized asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the
shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term.
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased term, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments in respect of
non-cancellable leases are recognized as an expense in the statement of
Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
g) Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Any inter class
transfer should be with the approval of the board and as per RBI
regulation.
Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value
determined on an individual investment basis. Quoted current
investments for each category is valued at cost or market value
whichever is lower. Unquoted investments in the units of mutual fund
in the nature of current investment are also carried at lower of cost
and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.
Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for
diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary
in the value of the investments.
h) Revenues
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured. In a situation where management belives that the
recovery of interest is uncertain due to change in the price of the
gold or otherwise, the Company recognizes income on such loans only to
the extent it is confident of recovering interest from its customers
through sale of underlying security or otherwise.
Interest income on loans given is recognized on a time proportion basis
taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Such interests, where instalments are overdue in respect of non-
performing assets are recognized on realization basis. Any such income
recognized and remaining unrealized after they become overdue in
respect of standard gold loans accounts are reversed based on
Management''s estimate of ultimate realisation of the underlying
security
Revenues from fee-based activities are recognized as and when services
are rendered.
Interest on deposits is recognized on a time proportion basis taking
into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
i) Employee benefits
i. Retirement benefit in the form of Provident Fund is a defined
contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation payable to the
provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the
provident fund scheme as expenditure, when an employee renders the
related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for the
service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution
already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as the
liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the
contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services
received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an
asset to the extent the pre- payment will lead to, for example, a
reduction in future payment or a cash refund.
ii. Gratuity liability under the Payment of Gratuity Act which is a
defined benefit scheme is accrued and provided for on the basis of an
actuarial valuation as per projected unit credit method made at the end
of each financial year.
iii. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to statement of
profit and loss and are not deferred.
iv. Employee stock compensation cost - Measurement and disclosure of
the employee share-based payment plans is done in accordance with SEBI
(Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme)
Guidelines, 1999 as replaced by SEBI (Share Based Employee Benefits)
Regulations, 2014 and the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee
Share-based Payments, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants
of India. The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee
stock options using the intrinsic value method. Compensation expense,
if any, is amortized over the vesting period of the option on a
straight line basis.
j) Foreign currency transactions
(i) Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
(ii) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items which are carried
at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign
currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the
values were determined.
(iii) Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reporting Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at
which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in
previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses
in the year in which they arise.
k) Borrowing costs
Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs
incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange
differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they
are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use are capitalized as part of
the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are
expensed in the period they occur.
l) Income Tax
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. Deferred
income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable
income and accounting income originating during the current year and
reversal of timing differences for the earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognized
deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Company writes- down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available.
m) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The
weighted average numbers of equity shares outstanding during the period
are adjusted for events of bonus issue; bonus element in a rights issue
to existing shareholders; share split; and reverse share split, if any.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
n) Provisions
(i) A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present
obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow
of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of
which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to
its present value and are determined based on management estimate
required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are
reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current
management estimates.
(ii) provision policy for gold loans and other loan portfolios
Secured loans are classified / provided for, as per management''s best
estimates, subject to the minimum provision required as per
Systemically Important Non-Banking Financial (Non-Deposit Accepting or
Holding) Companies Prudential Norms (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2015.
Other loans are classified /provided for, as per the management''s best
estimates, subject to the minimum provision required as per the
Systemically Important Non-Banking Financial (Non-Deposit Accepting or
Holding) Companies Prudential Norms (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2015.
o) Segment reporting
The Company operates in a single reportable segment i.e., financing,
which has similar risks and returns for the purpose of AS 17 on
''Segment Reporting''. The Company operates in a single geographical
segment ie., domestic.
p) Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank
and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of
three months or less.
q) Ancillary borrowing costs
Ancillary borrowings costs incurred for the issue of debentures and
other long term borrowings are expensed over the tenure of the loan.
r) Insurance claims
Insurance claims are accrued for on the basis of claims admitted and/or
to the extent there is no uncertainty in receiving the claims. The
Company re-assesses the claims made at each reporting period for
recoverability.
s) Surplus on auction of pledged gold
The Company has a policy of refund of any surplus that arises on
auction of pledged gold which has been re-possessed by the Company in
accordance with the terms of the agreement with the customers.
t) Expenditure on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
The Company accounts the expenditure incurred towards Corporate Social
Responsibility as required under the Act as a charge to the statement
of profit and loss.
u) Contingent liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past
events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the
control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized
because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises
in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be
recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not
recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the
financial statements as there is no indication of the uncertainties
relating to any outflow.
Mar 31, 2014
A) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and
liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of
the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the
management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty
about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes
requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or
liabilities in future periods.
b) Fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing
costs if capitalisation criteria are met and directly attributable cost
of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.
c) Depreciation
Depreciation is provided using straight line method at the following
rates, which is management''s estimate of the useful lives of the
assets:
During the year March 31, 2014, the Company had changed its estimated
useful life of sign boards installed at the branches, which is
capitalised under the block ''furnitureÂs and fittings'' from 5 years to 3
years. This change in estimated useful life has resulted in provision
of additional depreciation by Rs. 42.05 for the year ended March 31, 2014
and the Profit before tax of the Company for the year then ended was
lower by the corresponding number.
d) Intangible assets  Computer software & licenses
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial
recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets
are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated
impairment losses, if any.
Intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over the
estimated useful economic life of 6 years.
The amortisation period and the amortisation method are reviewed at
least at each financial year end.
e) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an
indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or
when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company
estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount
is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (CGU) net selling
price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an
individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that
are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets.
Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable
amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its
recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future
cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax
discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value
of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling
price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available.
If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation
model is used.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
f) Leases
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased term, are classified as operating
leases. Operating lease payments in respect of non-cancellable leases
are recognised as an expense in the statement of Profit and Loss on a
straight- line basis over the lease term.
g) Investments
Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long- term investments. Any inter class
transfer should be with the approval of the board and as per RBI
regulation.
Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value
determined on an individual investment basis. Quoted current
investments for each category is valued at cost or market value
whichever is lower. Unquoted investments in the units of mutual fund in
the nature of current investment are valued at the net asset value
declared by the mutual fund in respect of each particular scheme.
Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for
diminution in value is made to recognise a decline other than temporary
in the value of the investments.
h) Revenues
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured. In a situation where management be lives that the
recovery of interest is uncertain due to change in the price of the
gold or otherwise, the Company recognises income on such loans only to
the extent it is confident of recovering interest from its customers
through sale of underlying security or otherwise.
Interest income on loans given is recognised on a time proportion basis
taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Such interests, where instalments are overdue in respect of non
performing assets are recognised on realisation basis. Any such income
recognised and remaining unrealised after the instalments become
overdue with respect to non performing assets is reversed.
Revenues from fee-based activities are recognised as and when services
are rendered.
Interest on deposits is recognised on a time proportion
basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate
applicable.
i) Employee benefits
i. Retirement benefit in the form of Provident Fund is a defined
contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation payable to the
provident fund. The Company recognises contribution payable to the
provident fund scheme as expenditure, when an employee renders the
related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for the
service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution
already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognised as the
liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the
contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services
received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognised as an
asset to the extent the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a
reduction in future payment or a cash refund.
ii. Gratuity liability under the Payment of Gratuity Act which is a
defined benefit scheme is accrued and provided for on the basis of an
actuarial valuation as per projected unit credit method made at the end
of each financial year.
iii. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to statement of
Profit and loss and are not deferred.
iv. Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilised within the next
12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company
measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount
that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has
accumulated at the reporting date.
The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward
beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement
purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on
the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the
year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement
of Profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the entire
leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, considering the
absence of unconditional right to defer its settlement.
v. Employee stock compensation cost - Measurement and disclosure of the
employee share-based payment plans is done in accordance with SEBI
(Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme)
Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee
Share-based Payments, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants
of India. The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee
stock options using the intrinsic value method. Compensation expense,
if any, is amortised over the vesting period of the option on a
straight line basis.
j) Foreign currency transactions
(i) Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
(ii) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items which are carried
at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign
currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the
values were determined.
(iii) Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reporting Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at
which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in
previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses
in the year in which they arise.
k) Borrowing costs
Borrowing cost includes interest, amortisation of ancillary costs
incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange
differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they
are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use are capitalised as part of
the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are
expensed in the period they occur.
l) Income Tax
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income- tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. Deferred
income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable
income and accounting income originating during the current year and
reversal of timing differences for the earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognised
deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available.
m) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net Profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The
weighted average numbers of equity shares outstanding during the period
are adjusted for events of bonus issue; bonus element in a rights issue
to existing shareholders; share split; and reverse share split, if any.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
Profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
n) Provisions
(i) A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present
obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow
of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of
which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to
its present value and are determined based on management estimate
required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are
reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current
management estimates.
(ii) Provision policy for gold loans and other loan portfolios Secured
loans are classified / provided for, as per management''s best estimates,
subject to the minimum provision required as per Non-Banking Financial
(Non- Deposit Accepting or Holding) Companies Prudential Norms (Reserve
Bank) Directions, 2007 as follows:
Other loans are classified /provided for, as per the management''s best
estimates, subject to the minimum provision required as per the Non Â
Banking Financial (Non- Deposit Accepting or Holding) Companies
Prudential Norms (Reserve Bank) Direction, 2007.
o) Segment reporting
The Company operates in the business of ÂGold loan" and its operations
are in India. Accordingly, no segment reporting is applicable.
p) Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank
and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of
three months or less.
q) Ancillary borrowing costs
Ancillary borrowings costs incurred for the issue of debentures and
other long term borrowings are expensed over the tenure of the loan.
r) Securities issue expenses
Expenses incurred in connection with issue of shares are adjusted (net
of tax effects, if any) against the securities premium account in
accordance with Section 78 of the Companies Act, 1956.
Public issue expenses incurred in connection with issue of debentures
are amortised over the term of debentures.
s) Insurance claims
Insurance claims are accrued for on the basis of claims admitted and/or
to the extent there is no uncertainty in receiving the claims. The
Company re-assesses the claims made at each reporting period for
recoverability.
t) Surplus on auction of pledged gold
The Company has a policy of refund of any surplus that arises on
auction of pledged gold which has been re- possessed by the Company in
accordance with the terms of the agreement with the customers.
u) Contingent liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past
events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the
control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised
because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required
to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in
extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be
recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does
not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the
financial statements as there is no indication of the uncertainties
relating to any outflow. b. Terms/rights attached to equity shares
The Company has only one class of equity shares having a par value of Rs.
2/- per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per
share. The Company declares and pays dividends in Indian rupees. The
dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval
of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting.
During the year ended 31 March 2014, the amount of per share dividend
recognized as distributions to equity shareholders was Rs.1.8 per share
(31 March 2013: Rs. 1.50/- per share).
In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity
shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company,
after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will
be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the
shareholders.
Mar 31, 2013
A) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and
liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of
the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the
management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty
about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes
requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or
liabilities in future periods.
b) Fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing
costs if capitalisation criteria are met and directly attributable cost
of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.
c) Depreciation
Depreciation is provided using straight line method at the following
rates, which is management''s estimate of the useful lives of the
assets:
During the current year, the Company has changed its estimated useful
life of Office equipment from 21 years to 3 years. This change in
estimated useful life has resulted in provision of additional
depreciation by Rs. 137.18 million and the profit before tax of the
Company is lower by the corresponding number.
d) Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial
recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets
are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated
impairment losses, if any.
Intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over the
estimated useful economic life of 6 years.
The amortisation period and the amortisation method are reviewed at
least at each financial year end.
e) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an
indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or
when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company
estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount
is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (CGU) net selling
price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an
individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that
are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets.
Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable
amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its
recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future
cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax
discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time
value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net
selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if
available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate
valuation model is used.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
f) Leases
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased term, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments in respect of
non-cancellable leases are recognised as an expense in the Profit and
Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
g) Investments
The Board of Directors have spelt out the criteria to classify
investments into current and long term investments in the investment
policy. Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held
for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All
other investments are classified as long-term investments. Any inter
class transfer should be with the approval of the board and as per RBI
regulation.
Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value
determined on an individual investment basis. Quoted current
investments for each category is valued at cost or market value
whichever is lower. Unquoted equity shares in the nature of current
investments are valued at cost or break-up value, whichever is lower
except unquoted investments in the units of mutual fund in the nature
of current investment are valued at the net asset value declared by the
mutual fund in respect of each particular scheme.
Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for
diminution in value is made to recognise a decline other than temporary
in the value of the investments.
h) Revenues
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured. In a situation where management believes that the
recovery of interest is uncertain due to change in the price of the
gold or otherwise, the Company recognises income on such loans only to
the extent it is confident of recovering interest from its customers
through sale of underlying security or otherwise.
Interest income on loans given is recognised under the internal rate of
return method. Such interests, where instalments are overdue in respect
of nonperforming assets are recognised on realisation basis. Any such
income recognised and remaining unrealised after the instalments become
overdue with respect to non performing assets is reversed.
Revenues from fee-based activities are recognised as and when services
are rendered.
Interest on deposits is recognised on a time proportion basis taking
into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Gains arising on direct assignment of assets are recognised over the
tenure of agreements as per guideline on securitisation of standard
assets issued by the Reserve Bank of India, losses, if any are
recognised upfront.
i) Employee benefits
i. Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined
contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the
contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognises
contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as expenditure, when
an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to
the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds
the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is
recognised as a liability after deducting the contribution already
paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for
services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is
recognised as an asset to the extent that the pre payment will lead to,
for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.
ii. Gratuity liability under the Payment of Gratuity Act which is a
defined benefit scheme is accrued and provided for on the basis of an
actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of
each financial year.
iii. Short term compensated absences are provided for based on
estimates.
iv. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to statement of
profit and loss and are not deferred.
v. Employee stock compensation cost - Measurement and disclosure of
the employee share-based payment plans is done in accordance with SEBI
(Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme)
Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee
Share-based Payments, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants
of India. The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee
stock options using the intrinsic value method. Compensation expense,
if any, is amortised over the vesting period of the option on a
straight line basis.
j) Foreign currency transactions
(i) Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
(ii) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items which are carried
at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign
currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the
values were determined.
(iii) Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reporting Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at
which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in
previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses
in the year in which they arise.
k) Borrowing costs
Borrowing cost includes interest, amortisation of ancillary costs
incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange
differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they
are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use are capitalised as part of
the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are
expensed in the period they occur.
l) Income Tax
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. Deferred
income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable
income and accounting income originating during the current year and
reversal of timing differences for the earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognised
deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available.
m) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The
weighted average numbers of equity shares outstanding during the period
are adjusted for events of bonus issue; bonus element in a rights issue
to existing shareholders; share split; and reverse share split, if any.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
n) Provisions
(i) A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present
obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow
of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of
which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to
its present value and are determined based on management estimate
required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are
reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current
management estimates.
(ii) Provision policy for gold loans and other loan portfolios
Secured gold loans are classified/provided for, as per management''s
best estimates, subject to the minimum provision required as per Non-
Banking Financial (Deposit Accepting or Holding) Companies Prudential
Norms (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2007 as follows:
Others loans are classified/provided for, as per management''s best
estimates, subject to the minimum provision required as per Non-
Banking Financial (Deposit Accepting or Holding) Companies Prudential
Norms (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2007
# As per notification DNBB.222/CGM(US)-2011 issued by Reserve Bank of
India (RBI) on January 17, 2011.
o) Segment reporting
The Company primarily operates in the business of "Gold loan" and its
operations are in India. Accordingly, no segment reporting is
applicable.
p) Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank
and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of
three months or less.
q) Ancillary borrowing costs
Ancillary borrowings costs incurred issue of debentures and other long
term borrowings are expensed over the tenure of the loan.
r) Securities issue expenses
Expenses incurred in connection with issue of shares are adjusted (net
of tax effects, if any) against the securities premium account in
accordance with Section 78 of the Companies Act, 1956.
Public issue expenses incurred in connection with issue of debentures
are amortised over the term of the debenture.
s) Insurance claims
Insurance claims are accrued for on the basis of claims admitted and/or
to the extent there is no uncertainty in receiving the claims. The
Company re-assesses the claims made at each reporting period for
recoverability.
t) Auctioned gold and Surplus on auction of pledged gold
Auctioned gold is valued at lower of cost or realisable value as at
balance sheet date.
The Company has a policy of refund of any surplus that arises on
auction of pledged gold which has been re-possessed by the Company in
accordance with the terms of the agreement with the customers.
u) Contingent liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past
events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the
control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised
because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises
in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be
recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not
recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the
financial statements as there is no indication of the uncertainties
relating to any outflow.
Mar 31, 2012
A) Presentation and disclosure of financial statements
During the year ended 31 March 2012, the revised Schedule VI notified
under the Companies Act 1956, has become applicable to the Company, for
preparation and presentation of its financial statements. The adoption
of revised Schedule VI does not impact recognition and measurement
principles followed for preparation of financial statements. However,
it has significant mpact on presentation and disclosures made in the
financial statements. The Company has also reclassified the previous
year figures in accordance with the requirements applicable in the
current year.
b) use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and
iabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of
the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the
management's best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty
about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes
requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or
liabilities in future periods.
c) Fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing
costs if capitalisation criteria are met and directly attributable cost
of bringing the asset to its working condition for the ntended use.
e) intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial
recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, ntangible assets
are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated
impairment losses, if any.
Intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over the
estimated useful economic life of 6 years.
The amortisation period and the amortisation method are reviewed at
least at each financial year end.
f) impairment of tangible and intangible assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an
indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or
when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company
estimates the asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount
is the higher of an asset's or cash-generating unit's (CGU) net selling
price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an
individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that
are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets.
Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable
amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its
recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future
cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax
discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time
value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net
selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if
available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate
valuation model is used.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
g) Leases
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased term, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments in respect of
non-cancellable leases are recognised as an expense in the Profit and
Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
h) investments
The Board of Directors have spelt out the criteria to classify
investments into current and long term investments in the investment
policy. Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held
for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All
other investments are classified as long-term investments. Any inter
class transfer should be with the approval of the board and as per RBI
regulation.
Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value
determined on an individual investment basis. Quoted current
investments for each category is valued at cost or market value
whichever is lower. Unquoted equity shares in the nature of current
investments is valued at cost or break-up value, whichever is lower.
Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for
diminution in value is made to recognise a decline other than temporary
in the value of the investments.
i) Revenues
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured. Interest income on loans given is recognised under
the internal rate of return method. Such interests, where instalments
are overdue in respect of non performing assets are recognised on
realisation basis. Any such income recognised and remaining unrealised
after the instalments become overdue with respect to non performing
assets is reversed.
Revenues from fee-based activities are recognised as and when services
are rendered.
Interest on deposits is recognised on a time proportion basis taking
into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Gains arising on direct assignment of assets is recognised over the
tenure of agreements as per guideline on securitisation of standard
assets issued by the Reserve Bank of India, losses, if any are
recognised upfront.
j) Employee benefits
i. Retirement benefit in the form of Provident Fund is a defined
contribution scheme and the contribu- tions are charged to the
statement of Profit and Loss of the year when the contributions to the
fund maintained by the Central Government is due. There is no other
obligation other than the contribution payable to the trust.
ii. Gratuity liability under the Payment of Gratuity Act which is a
defined benefit scheme is accrued and provided for on the basis of an
actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of
each financial year.
iii. Short term compensated absences are provided for based on
estimates.
iv. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to statement of
profit and loss and are not deferred.
v. Employee stock compensation cost -
Measurement and disclosure of the employee share-based payment plans is
done in accordance with SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee
Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on
Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, issued by the Institute
of Chartered Accountants of India. The Company measures compensation
cost relating to employee stock options using the intrinsic value
method. Compensation expense, if any, is amortised over the vesting
period of the option on a straight line basis.
k) Foreign currency transactions
(i) Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
(ii) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items which are carried
at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign
currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the
values were determined.
(iii) Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reporting Company's monetary items at rates different from those at
which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in
previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses
in the year in which they arise.
l) Borrowing costs
Borrowing cost includes interest, amortisation of ancillary costs
incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange
differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they
are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its ntended use are capitalised as part of the
cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in
the period they occur.
m) income tax
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. Deferred
ncome taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable
income and accounting income originating during the current year and
reversal of timing differences for the earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognised
deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent
that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the
case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down
is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available.
n) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The
weighted average numbers of equity shares outstanding during the period
are adjusted for events of bonus issue; bonus element in a rights issue
to existing shareholders; share split; and reverse share split, if any.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
o) Provisions
(i) A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present
obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow
of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of
which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to
its present value and are determined based on management estimate
required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are
reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current
management estimates.
(ii) Provision policy for gold loans and other loan portfolios
Secured loans are classified / provided for, as per management's best
estimates, subject to the minimum provision required as per Non-
Banking Financial (Deposit Accepting or Holding) Companies Prudential
Norms (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2007 as follows:
p) Segment reporting
The Company primarily operates in the business of "Gold loan" and its
operations are in India. Accordingly, no segment reporting is
applicable.
q) Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank
and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of
three months or less.
r) Ancillary borrowing costs
Ancillary borrowings costs incurred issue of debentures and other long
term borrowings are expensed over the tenure of the loan.
s) Securities issue expenses
Expenses incurred in connection with issue of shares are adjusted (net
of tax effects, if any) against the securities premium account in
accordance with Section 78 of the Companies Act, 1956.
Public issue expenses incurred in connection with issue of debentures
are amortised over the term of the debenture.
t) insurance claims
Insurance claims are accrued for on the basis of claims admitted and/or
to the extent there is no uncertainty
in receiving the claims. The Company re-assesses the claims made at
each reporting period for recoverability.
u) Auctioned gold and Surplus on auction of pledged gold Auctioned gold
is valued at lower of cost or realisable value as at balance sheet
date.
The Company has a policy of refund of any surplus that arises on
auction of pledged gold which has been re-possessed by the Company in
accordance with the terms of the agreement with the customers.
v) Contingent liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past
events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the
control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised
because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises
in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be
recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not
recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the
financial statements as there is no indication of the uncertainties
relating to any outflow.
Mar 31, 2011
A) Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the Notified accounting standard by Companies Accounting
Standards Rules, 2006, (as amended) the relevant provisions of the
Companies Act, 1956 and the guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of
India as applicable to a non deposit accepting NBfC. The financial
statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and
on an accrual basis except for interest and discounts on non performing
assets which are recognised on realisation basis. The accounting
policies have been consistently applied by the Company and are
consistent with those used in the previous year.
b) use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting
period end. Although these estimates are based upon management's best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
c) Fixed assets
fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any
cost attributable to bringing the asset to its working condition for
its intended use.
d) Depreciation
Depreciation is provided using the straight line method at the rates
prescribed under schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956, which is
management's estimate of the useful lives of the assets except as
follows:
Nature of asset Rate of depreciation followed
Computer equipment 33.33% During the current year, the Company has
changed its estimated useful life of computer equipments from 6 years
to 3 years. This change in estimated useful life has resulted in
provision of additional depreciation by Rs. 57.09 million and the profit
before tax of the Company is lower by the corresponding number.
Computer software cost capitalised is amortised over the estimated
useful life of 6 years.
e) impairment
i) The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet
date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal /
external factors. An impairment loss is recognised wherever the
carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The
recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and
value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash
flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount
rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of
money and risks specific to the asset.
ii) After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the assets over its remaining useful life.
f) Leases
finance leases, which effectively transfer to the Company substantially
all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item,
are capitalised at the lower of the fair value and present value of the
minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease term and disclosed
as leased assets. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance
charges and reduction of the lease liability based on the implicit rate
of return. finance charges are charged directly against income. Lease
management fees, legal charges and other initial direct costs are
capitalised.
If there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain the
ownership by the end of the lease term, capitalised leased assets are
depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset
or the lease term.
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased term, are classified as
operating leases. operating lease payments are recognised as an expense
in the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease
term.
g) investments
The Board of directors has spelt out the criteria to classify
investments into current and long term investments in the investment
policy. Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held
for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All
other investments are classified as long-term investments. Any inter
class transfer should be with the approval of the board and as per RBI
regulation.
Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value
determined on an individual investment basis. Quoted current
investments for each category is valued at cost or market value
whichever is lower. Unquoted equity shares in the nature of current
investments is valued at cost or break-up value, whichever is lower.
Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for
diminution in value is made to recognise a decline other than temporary
in the value of the investments.
h) revenues
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured. Interest income on loans given is recognised under
the internal rate of return method. Such interests, where instalments
are overdue in respect of non performing assets are recognised on
realisation basis. Any such income recognised and remaining unrealised
after the installments become overdue with respect to non performing
assets is reversed.
Revenues from fee-based activities are recognised as and when services
are rendered.
Interest on deposits is recognised on a time proportion basis taking
into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Gains arising on direct assignment of assets is recognised over the
tenure of agreements as per guideline on securitisation of standard
assets issued by the Reserve Bank of India, losses, if any are
recognised upfront.
i) employee benefits
i. Retirement benefits in the form of Provident fund are defined
contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Profit and
Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the fund maintained
by the Central Government is due. There are no other obligations other
than the contribution payable to the respective trusts.
ii. Gratuity liability under the Payment of Gratuity Act which is a
defined benefit scheme is accrued and provided for on the basis of an
actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of
each financial year.
iii. Short term compensated absences are provided for based on
estimates.
iv. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to profit and loss
account and are not deferred.
j) Foreign currency transactions
(I) INITIAL RECOGNITION
foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
(II) CONVERSION
foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items which are carried
at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign
currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the
values were determined.
(III) EXCHANGE DIFFERENCES
exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reporting company's monetary items at rates different from those at
which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in
previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses
in the year in which they arise.
k) income Tax
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act. Deferred income taxes
reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable
income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing
differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax
rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance
sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that
there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income
will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realised.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognised
deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available.
l) earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after
deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The
weighted average numbers of equity shares outstanding during the period
are adjusted for events of bonus issue; bonus element in a rights issue
to existing shareholders; share split; and reverse share split, if any.
for the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
m) Provisions
a) A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present
obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow
of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of
which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to
its present value and are determined based on management estimate
required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are
reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current
management estimates.
b) Provision policy for gold loans and other loan portfolios
Secured loans are classified / provided for, as per management's best
estimates, subject to the minimum provision required as per Non-
Banking financial (Deposit Accepting or Holding) Companies Prudential
Norms (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2007 as follows:
n) Segment reporting
The Company primarily operates in the business of "Gold loan" and
accordingly no segment reporting is applicable.
o) cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank
and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of
three months or less.
p) Ancilliary borrowing costs
Ancilliary borrowings costs incurred issue of debentures and other long
term borrowings are expensed over the tenure of the loan.
q) Share issue expenses
expenses incurred in connection with issue of shares are adjusted (net
of tax effects, if any) against the securities premium account in
accordance with Section 78 of the Companies Act, 1956.
r) insurance claims
Insurance claims are accrued for on the basis of claims admitted and/or
to the extent there is no uncertainty in receiving the claims.
s) Surplus on auction of pledged gold
The Company has a policy of refund of any surplus that arises on
auction of pledged gold which has been re-possessed by the Company in
accordance with the terms of the agreement with the customers.
t) employee stock compensation cost
Measurement and disclosure of the employee share- based payment plans
is done in accordance with SeBI (employee Stock option Scheme and
employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note
on Accounting for employee Share- based Payments, issued by the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. The Company measures
compensation cost relating to employee stock options using the
intrinsic value method. Compensation expense, if any is amortised over
the vesting period of the option on a straight line basis.
Mar 31, 2010
A) Basis of preparation
the financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respecis with the Notified accounting standard by Comparies Accounting
Standards Rules, 2006 (as amended) the relevant provisions of the
Companies Act. 1956 and the guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of
India as applicable to a NBFC The financial statements have been
prepared under the historical cost convention and on an accrual basis
except for merest and discounts on non performng assets which are
recognized on realization basis. The accounting polcies have been
consistently applled by the Company and are consistent with those used
In the previous year.
b) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contngent labites at the date of the
financial statements and the results of operations ouring the end of
the reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon
managements best knowledge of current events and actions, actual
results could differ from these estimates.
c) Fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses if any Cost comprises the purchase price and any cost
attributable to bringng the asset to its working condition for its
intended use.
d) Depreciation
Depreciation is provided using the straight line method at the rates
(except for computer software which is depreciated at the rate of
16.21%) prescribed under schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956, which
is managements estmate of the usefull lives of the assets
e) impairment
i) The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet
date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal /
external factors. An impairment loss is recogrrzed wherever the
carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The
recoverable amount is the greater of tne assets net selling price
and value in use. in assessing value in use, the estimated future
cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted
average cost of capital.
ii)After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the assets over its remaining useful life.
f) Leases
Finance leases, when effectively transfer to the Company substantially
all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased Item,
are capitalled at the lower of the fair value and present value of the
minimum lease payments at the Inception of the lease term and disclosed
as leased assets. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance
charges and reduction of the lease liability based on the implicit rate
of return Finance charges are charged directly against income. Lease
management fees, legal charges and other iritial direct costs are
capitalised
If there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain the
ownership by the end of the lease item, capitalized leased assets ane
depreciated over the shorter of the estinated useful life of the asset
or the lease terra
Leases where the lessor effectively relans substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of tne leased term, are Classified as
operating leases Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
in the Profit and Loss account on a straigh-line basis over the lease
term
g) Investments
hvestments that are readly real sable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost and fair vaLe determined on an
indlvidual investment basis. Long-lerm investments are carried at cost.
However, provision for diminution m value is made to recognise a
decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.
h) Revenues
Reverse is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits win flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliablly measured Interest Income on loans given is recognised
under the Internal rate of return method Such rterests, where Instalments
are overdue in respect of ron performing assets are recognised on
realization basts. Any such income recognised and remaining unreatfzed
after the Installments become overdue with respect to non performing
assets is reversed.
Revenues from fee-based activities are recognised as and when services
are rendered.
Interest on deposits is recognised on a time proportion basis taking
into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable
Galis arising on direct assignment of assets is recognized over the
lenune of agreements as per gudellne on securltlzation of standand
assets issued by the Reserve Bank of India losses, if any are
recognised upfront.
I) Employee benefits
i)Retiement benefits in the form of Provident Fund are deftied
contraction scheme and the contributions are charged to the Profit ard
Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the fund maintained
by the Central Government is due. There are no other obligations other
than the contortion payable to the respective trusts.
ii)Gratuity liability under the Payment of Gratuity Act which is a defined
benefit scheme is accrued and provided for on the basis of an actuarial
valuation on protected unit credit method made at the end of each
financial year.
iii) Short term compensated absences are provided for based on
estimates.
J) Foreign currency transactions
(i) Initlla Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency by
applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the
reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
(ii) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary Items when are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transactionandncn monetary items which are carried
at fair value or other similar vauation denominated in a foreign
currency are reported using the exchange rates tnat existed when the
values were determned,
(iii) Exchange Differences
Exchange differences anslng on the settlement of monetary items of on
reporting companys monetary items at rates different from those at
whlch they were in initially recorded during the monetary or reported
in Pprevious financial statements, are recognized as income or as
expenses in the year in which they arise.
k) Income Tax
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income taxis
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the lax authorities in
accordance with the Indian Income lax Act. Deferred income taxes
reflects the impact of current year thing differences between taxable
Income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing
differences of ear Her years.
Defer red tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date Defer red
tax assets are recogrvsed only to the extent there is reasonable
certanty that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realsed
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognized
deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually cenan, as
the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be avallable.
aganst which such deferred tax assets can be reallsed The carrying
amount of deferred :ax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
The Company writes down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to
one extent that It is no longer reasonably certain or virtually cettan,
as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be
available incom be available against which deferred tax asset can be
reallsed, Any such Write-dow is reversed to the extent that It becomes
reasonably certain or virtually certairv as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available.
l) Eamings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period altributable to equity shareholders (after
deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted
average number of equrty shares outstanding during the period. The
weighted average numbers of equity shares outstanding during the period
are adjusted for events of bonus issue; bonus element in a rights issue
to existing shareholders; share split; and reverse share split, if any.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings pershare, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equjty shares
m) Provisions
a) A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present
obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow
of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of
which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to
its present value and are determined based on management est mate
required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date These-
are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to rellect the
current management estinates.
n) Segment report ng
Identification of segments:
The Company soperating by are organized and managed separately
according to the nature of products and services provided, with each
segment representing a strategic business unit that offrers different
products and serves different markets. As the Company operates only
in India it has a single geographical segment,
Allocation of common costs
Common allocable costs able costs are allocated to each segment
according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total
common costs.
Unallocated items
Unallocable costs include general corporate income and expense items
which are not all ocated to any business segment.
o) Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash Cach and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise
cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original
maturity of three months or less.
p) Finance expenses
Expenditure incurred for raisng borrowed funds in the nature of
ancillary borrowing costs is fully expensed on incurrence.
q) Share issue expense*
Expenses ncurred in connection with issue of shares are adjusted {net
of tax effects, if any) against the securities premium account in
accordance with Section 78 of the Companles Ac , 1956,
r) Insurance claims
Insurance claims are accrued for on the basis of claims admitted and to
the extent there is no uncertainty in receiving the claims.
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