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Accounting Policies of Novartis India Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2022

Corporate Information

Novartis India Limited (âthe Companyâ) is a public limited company listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange, incorporated and domiciled in India and has its registered office at Inspire - BKC, Part of 601 and 701, Bandra Kurla Complex, Bandra East, Mumbai 400051, India. It is primarily engaged in the business of trading of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals.

These financial statements were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 19^th May, 2022.

1. Significant Accounting Policies

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

A. Basis of Preparation

(i) Compliance with Ind AS

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (referred to as âInd ASâ) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended.

(ii) Historical Cost Convention

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for certain financial instruments that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period as explained in the accounting policies below.

Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration in exchange of goods and services.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data is available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

For financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised into Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:

â¢ Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date

â¢ Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly; and

â¢ Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability

(iii) Operating Cycle

Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current / non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

B. Foreign Currency Translation

(i) Functional and Presentation Currency

Items included in the financial statements of the Company are recognised using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates (âthe functional currency''). The financial statements are presented in âIndian Rupees'' (''), which is Company''s functional and presentation currency.

(ii) Transactions and Balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

C. Property, Plant and Equipment

Items of Property, Plant and Equipment are stated in the balance sheet at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. The historical cost of Property, Plant and Equipment comprises of its purchase price and cost directly attributable to bringing the assets to their working condition for their intended use.

Capital Work-in-Progress represents Property, Plant and Equipment that are not ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Property, Plant and Equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset.

On transition to Ind AS, the Company elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its Property, Plant and Equipment recognised as at 1^st April, 2015 (âtransition dateâ) measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.

Depreciation:

The Company depreciates its Property, Plant and Equipment using Straight Line Method (SLM) over their estimated useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 (the âActâ) except as stated below. The estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:

Description Estimated Useful Lives

Buildings 60 years

Plant and Equipment # 3 years to 12.5 years

Furniture and Fixtures 10 years

Vehicles # 5 years

Office Equipment 5 years

# Based on technical evaluation, the management believes that the useful lives as given above best represent the period over which the management expects to use these assets. Hence the useful lives for these assets is different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of schedule II of the Act.

Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the period of the lease agreement or the useful life, whichever is shorter

Mobile Handsets and Mobile Devices are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.

Estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation methods are reviewed periodically, including at each financial year end, taking into account commercial and technological obsolescence as well as normal wear and tear and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Gains or losses arising from disposal of Property, Plant and Equipment are determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in the profit or loss.

D. Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

Assets that are subject to depreciation or amortisation are tested at each balance sheet date for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset''s or cash generating unit''s (CGU) carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing the value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risk specific to the asset for which the estimates of the future cash flows have not been adjusted.

When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset or the CGU is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset or CGU in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

E. Inventories

Inventories are stated at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined on moving weighted average basis. Cost of inventory comprises cost of purchase and other cost incurred in bringing the goods to their present condition and location. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

F. Non-Current Assets Held for Sale

Non-current assets are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use, the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition and a sale is considered highly probable.

Non-current assets are not depreciated or amortised while they are classified as held for sale and are measured at lower of their carrying amount and fair value less cost to sell.

Non-current assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets and liabilities in the balance sheet.

G. Trade Receivables

Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for sale of goods or services performed in the ordinary course of business. Trade receivables are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost less provision for impairment by applying the expected credit loss method.

H. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cheques on hand, demand deposits with banks and other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.

I. Financial Instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in profit or loss.

Amortised Cost:

The amortised cost of a financial asset is the amount at which the financial asset is measured at initial recognition minus principal repayments, plus or minus the cumulative amortisation using the effective interest method of any difference between that initial amount and the maturity amount adjusted for any Loss allowance.

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. A gain or loss on a financial asset that is subsequently measured at amortised cost is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the effective interest rate method.

The Company does not have financial assets that are subsequently measured either at fair value through other comprehensive income or at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial Assets

The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:

â¢ those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through profit or loss), and

â¢ those measured at amortised cost.

The classification depends on the entity''s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

Impairment of Financial Assets:

The Company applies the expected credit loss model for recognising impairment loss on its financial assets.

The Company measures the loss allowance for financial instruments at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on that financial instruments has increased significantly since initial recognition. If credit risk on financial instruments has not increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance for that financial instrument at an amount equal to 12 months expected credit losses.

For trade receivables, the Company always measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to life time expected credit losses. Further for the purpose of measuring life time expected credit loss allowance for trade receivables the Company has used practical expedient as permitted under Ind AS 109. The expected credit loss allowance is computed based on provision matrix which takes into the account historical credit loss experience and adjusted for forward looking information.

Derecognition of Financial Assets:

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.

On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between the asset''s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received / receivable is recognised in profit or loss.

Financial Liabilities

All financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using effective interest method. The interest expense is included in finance cost line item. The Company derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company''s obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired.

J. Revenue Recognition

Revenue from contract with customers is recognised when the Company satisfies performance obligation by transferring promised goods and services to the customer The revenue is measured based on transaction price, which is the fair value of consideration received or receivable, and is net of discounts, allowances, returns, goods and services tax/value added taxes/sales tax and amounts collected on behalf of third party.

Provision is made for the non-sellable returns of goods from the customers estimated on the basis of historical data of sales return trends with respect to the shelf life of various products. Such provision for non-sellable sales returns is reduced from sale of products for the year

Interest income is recognised using the effective interest method.

K. Offsetting Financial Instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the balance sheet when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

L. Income Tax

Income tax expense comprises current tax expense and the net change in the deferred tax asset and liability during the year Current and deferred taxes are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

Current Tax

The current tax charge for the year is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period as adjusted for taxes in respect of

previous years. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns, including assessment orders received during the year, with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is recognised, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured based on the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. The carrying amount of deferred tax asset is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the assets to be recovered.

M. Employee Benefits

(i) Short-Term Employee Benefits

Liabilities for wages and salaries that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the annual reporting period in which the employees render the related service are recognised and measured at the undiscounted amount expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.

(ii) Other Long-term Employee Benefit Obligations

The employees of the Company are entitled to other long-term benefits in the form of Long Service Awards as per the policy of the Company and Leave encashment. Liability for such benefits is provided on the basis of valuation, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by an independent actuary The actuarial valuation method used by the independent actuary for measuring the liabilities is the projected unit credit method.

(iii) Post-Employment Obligations

The Company has the following post-employment schemes:

a) Defined benefit plans such as Provident Fund, Gratuity, Non-Contractual Pension Plan and Post Retirement Medical Benefits.

b) Defined contribution plans such as Superannuation Fund and Employees'' Pension Scheme.

Defined Benefit Plans

The Company has Defined Benefit Plans for post employment benefits in the form of Provident Fund, Gratuity, Non-Contractual Pension Plan and Post Retirement Medical Benefits.

Provident Fund and Gratuity fund are recognised by the Income-tax authorities and administered through trustees and/or Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). Liability for Defined Benefit Plans is provided on the basis of valuations, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by an independent actuary.

The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using discount rate (interest rates of government bond) that have terms to maturity approximating to the terms of the related Provident Fund, Gratuity Non-contractual Pension Plan and Post Retirement Medical Benefits liabilities.

Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments, changes in actuarial assumptions and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest) are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset.

Defined Contribution Plan

The Company has Defined Contribution Plans for post-employment benefits in the form of Superannuation Fund and Employees'' Pension Scheme which are recognised by the Income-tax authorities and administered through trustees and/or LIC. Superannuation Fund which constitutes an insured benefit and Employees'' Pension Scheme are classified as Defined Contribution Plans as the Company has no further obligation beyond making the contributions. The Company''s contributions to Defined Contribution Plans are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

(iv) Termination Benefits

Termination benefits are recognised as an expense as and when incurred.

(v) Share-Based Payments

The Company offers its employees, share based payments in the form of a âSelectâ plan. The Equity Plan âSelectâ is a global equity incentive plan for eligible employees. This plan allows its participants to choose the form of their equity compensation in âRestricted Sharesâ or âTradable Sharesâ of the ultimate holding Company, Novartis AG, Basel.

Unvested restricted shares are conditional on the provision of services by the plan participant during the vesting period. They are valued using their fair value (market price of traded stocks of Novartis AG) on the grant date. The fair value of these grants are expensed on a straight-line basis over the respective vesting period.

The total expense (adjusted for estimated forfeitures) is recognised over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified vesting conditions are to be satisfied. At each reporting date, the Company revises its estimates of the number of shares that are expected to vest based on the non-market vesting conditions. It recognizes the impact of the revision to original estimates, if any, in the Statement of Profit and Loss with a corresponding adjustment to equity

Group Company recharges to the Company for the share based payments made/to be made by them to the Company''s employees and the payment is adjusted against the Share Options Outstanding Account by the Company.

(vi) Bonus Plans

The Company recognises a liability and an expense for bonuses. The Company recognises a provision where contractually obliged or where there is a past practice that has created a constructive obligation.

N. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

(i) Provisions

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and the amount has been reliably estimated.

I f the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

(ii) Contingent Liabilities

Contingent liabilities are disclosed, unless the possibility of outflow of resources is remote, when there is:

- A possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or

- A present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.

(iii) Contingent Assets

A contingent asset is disclosed, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

O. Segment Reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker

The chief operating decision-maker, is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments and makes strategic decisions (Refer Note 29).

P. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing the profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year

The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year and for all years presented is adjusted for events, other than the conversion of potential equity shares that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders of the Company and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

Q. Leases

As a lessee:

At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the lease payments associated with these leases are recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease term is a non-cancellable period together with periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise that option.

The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost at the commencement date. At the commencement date, the lease liability is measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at that date. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company''s incremental borrowing rate. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

After the commencement date, the right-of-use asset is measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses, and the lease liability is measured by (i) increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability; (ii) reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made; and (iii) remeasuring the carrying amount to reflect any reassessment or lease modifications, or to reflect revised in-substance fixed lease payments. Right-of-use assets are depreciated over the shorter period of lease term and useful life of the right-of-use asset.

Interest on the lease liability in each period during the lease term is the amount that produces a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the lease liability. Interest expense on the lease liability is a component of finance costs. Gain / Loss relating to modification of lease not accounted as separate lease are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Also refer Note 32.

R. Dividends

Provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared, being appropriately authorised and no longer at the discretion of the entity, on or before the end of the reporting period but not distributed at the end of the reporting period.

S. Contributed equity

Equity shares are classified as equity.

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, from the proceeds.

T. Rounding of amounts

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest million with one decimal thereof as per the requirement of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated.

U. Exceptional items

When items of income or expense are of such nature, size or incidence that their disclosure is necessary to explain the performance of the Company for the year, the company makes a disclosure of the nature and amount of such items separately under the head âExceptional itemsâ. Exceptional items are of non-recurring in nature.

V. Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgements

Preparing the financial statements under Ind AS requires management to take decisions and make estimates and assumptions that may impact the value of revenues, costs, assets and liabilities and the related disclosures concerning the items involved as well as contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date. Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revision to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

The following are the areas involving critical estimates and judgements as at the end of the reporting period that may have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities within the next financial year:

Estimation of Defined Benefit Obligation [Refer Note 15(a)]

Estimation of Provision and Contingent Liabilities [Refer Note 25(A) and 26]

Estimation of Lease [Refer Note 32]

Mar 31, 2018

Corporate Information

Novartis India Limited (âthe Companyâ) is a public limited company listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange, incorporated and domiciled in India and has its registered office at Sandoz House, Dr. Annie Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai-400018, India. It is primarily engaged in the business of trading of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals.

These financial statements were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on May 10, 2018.

1. Significant Accounting Policies

A. Basis of Preparation

(i) Compliance with Ind AS

The Company has adopted Indian Accounting Standards (referred to as âInd ASâ) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended, with effect from April 1, 2016. Accordingly these financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Ind AS.

(ii) Historical Cost Convention

- Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date

- Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly; and

- Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability

(iii) Current and Non-Current Classification

The assets and liabilities reported in the balance sheet are classified on a âcurrent/noncurrent basisâ, with separate reporting of assets held for sale and corresponding liabilities. Current assets are assets that are intended to be realized, sold or consumed during the normal operating cycle of the Company. Current liabilities are liabilities that are expected to be settled in the normal operating cycle of the Company, Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current/non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

B. Foreign Currency Translation

(i) Functional and Presentation Currency

(ii) Transactions and Balances

C. Property, Plant and Equipment

Items of Property, Plant and Equipment are stated in the balance sheet at its historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. The historical cost of Property, Plant and Equipment comprises of its purchase price and cost directly attributable to bringing the assets to their working condition for their intended use.

Capital Work-in-Progress represents Property, Plant and Equipment that are not ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date.

Transition to Ind AS:

On transition to Ind AS, the Company elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its Property, Plant and Equipment recognised as at April 1, 2015 (âtransition dateâ) measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.

Mobile Handsets and Mobile Devices are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.

Leasehold Improvements are amortised over the period of lease.

Losses arising from retirement and gains or losses arising from disposal of Property, Plant and Equipment are determined by comparing sale proceeds with carrying amount of the asset and are included in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

D. Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

Assets that are subject to depreciation or amortisation are tested at each balance sheet date for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset''s or Cash Generating Unit''s (CGU) carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount and is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing the value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risk specific to the asset for which the estimates of the future cash flows have not been adjusted.

When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset or CGU is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset or CGU in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

E. Inventories

Inventories are stated at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined on moving weighted average basis. Cost of inventory comprises cost of purchase and other cost incurred in bringing the goods to its present condition and location. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

F. Non-Current Assets Held for Sale

Non-current assets are not depreciated or amortised while they are classified as held for sale.

Non-current assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets and liabilities in the balance sheet.

G. Trade Receivables

H. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cheques on hand, demand deposits with banks and other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

I. Financial Instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

Financial Assets

(i) Classification:

The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:

- those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through profit or loss), and

- those measured at amortised cost.

The classification depends on the entity''s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

(ii) Measurement:

There are three subsequent measurement categories into which the Company classifies its financial assets:

Amortised Cost

Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI)

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets'' cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at FVOCI. Movements in the carrying amount of such assets are taken through OCI. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to profit or loss. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the effective interest rate method.

Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)

Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVOCI are measured at FVTPL. A gain or loss on a financial asset that is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss is recognised in profit or loss in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income.

(iii) Impairment of Financial Assets:

The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.

(iv) Derecognition of Financial Assets:

A financial asset is derecognised only when:

- the Company has transferred the contractual rights to receive cash flows of the financial asset or

- retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients.

Where the entity has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In such cases, the financial asset is derecognised. Where the entity has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognised. Where the entity has neither transferred a financial asset nor retains substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is derecognised if the Company has not retained control of the financial asset. Where the Company retains control of the financial asset, the asset is continued to be recognised to the extent of continuing involvement in the financial asset.

Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

J. Revenue Recognition

Sale of Products

The company recognises revenue when the entity has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods, the amount of revenue can be reliably measured and it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Amounts disclosed as revenue are inclusive of Excise duty and net of discounts, allowances, returns, goods and services tax/value added taxes/sales tax and amounts collected on behalf of third parties.

Sale of Services

Service income is accounted as and when services are rendered and is net of goods and services tax/service tax.

Interest Income

Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

Commission Income

Commission income is recognised in respect of sales made on behalf of consignor when the significant risks and rewards of ownership in the goods are transferred to the buyer and is net of goods and services tax/service tax.

Rental Income

Rental income from operating leases is generally recognised over the term of the relevant lease using straight line method. However where the rentals are structured solely to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the Company''s expected inflationary cost increases, such increases are recognised in the year in which such benefits accrue.

K. Offsetting Financial Instruments

L. Income Tax

Income tax expense comprises current tax expense and the net change in the deferred tax asset and liability during the year. Current and deferred taxes are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

Current Tax

The current tax charge for the year is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period as adjusted for taxes in respect of previous years. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns, including assessment orders received during the year, with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is provided, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised.

M. Employee Benefits

(i) Short-Term Employee Benefits

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the annual reporting period in which the employees render the related service are recognised and measured at the undiscounted amount expected to be paid in exchange for the related service. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.

(ii) Other Long-term Employee Benefit Obligations

The employees of the Company are entitled to other long-term benefit in the form of Long Service Awards as per the policy of the Company and Leave encashment. Liability for such benefit is provided on the basis of valuation, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by an independent actuary. The actuarial valuation method used by the independent actuary for measuring the liability is the Projected Unit Credit method.

(iii) Post-Employment Obligations

The Company has the following post-employment schemes:

a) Defined benefit plans such as Provident Fund, Gratuity, Non-Contractual Pension Plan and Post-Retirement Medical Benefits.

b) Defined contribution plans such as Superannuation Fund and Employees'' Pension Scheme.

Defined Benefit Plan

The Company has Defined Benefit Plans for post-employment benefits in the form of Provident Fund (treated as a Defined Benefit Plan on account of guaranteed interest benefit), Gratuity, Non-Contractual Pension Plan (treated as a Defined Benefit Plan on account of guaranteed pension) and Post-Retirement Medical Benefits.

The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using discount rate (interest rates of government bond) that have terms to maturity approximating to the terms of the related Provident Fund, Gratuity, Non-contractual Pension Plan and Post-Retirement Medical Benefits liabilities.

Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset.

Defined Contribution Plan

(iv) Termination Benefits

Termination benefits are recognised as an expense as and when incurred.

(v) Share-Based Payments

Unvested restricted shares are only conditional on the provision of services by the plan participant during the vesting period. They are valued using their fair value (market price of traded stocks of Novartis AG) on the grant date. The fair value of these grants are expensed on a straight-line basis over the respective vesting period.

(vi) Bonus Plans

N. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

(i) Provisions

I f the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

(ii) Contingent Liabilities

Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is:

- A present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.

(iii) Contingent Assets

A contingent asset is disclosed, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

O. Segment Reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker.

The chief operating decision-maker, is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments and makes strategic decisions (Refer Note 32).

P. Earnings Per Share

Q. Leases

As a lessee:

Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessor) are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor''s expected inflationary cost increases.

R. Dividends

S. Contributed equity

Equity shares are classified as equity.

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, from the proceeds.

T. Rounding of Amounts

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest million with one decimal thereof as per the requirement of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated.

U. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Standards issued but not yet effective

I n March 2018, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendments Rules, 2018, notifying Ind AS 115 - âRevenue from Contracts with Customers'' and consequential amendments to various Ind AS standards. The amended Rules also notified amendments to Ind AS 21 - âThe Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates''. These amendments are in accordance with the recent amendments made by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The amendments are effective from accounting periods beginning from 1st April, 2018.

Ind AS 115 - âRevenue from Contracts with Customers'':

This standard establishes a single comprehensive model for accounting of revenue arising from contracts with customers. Ind AS 115 will supersede the current revenue recognition guidance under Ind AS 11 âConstruction Contracts'' and Ind AS 18 âRevenue''. The Company is currently assessing the impact of application of Ind AS 115 on Company''s financial statements.

Amendment to Ind AS 21 - âThe Effect of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates'':

This amendment clarifies translation of advance payments denominated in foreign currency into functional currency at the spot rate on the day of payment. The guidance aims to reduce diversity in practice. The changes will not have any material impact on the financial statements of the Company.

V. Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgements

Impairment of Trade Receivables [Refer Note 39]

Estimation of Defined Benefit Obligation [Refer Note 14(a)]

Estimation of Provision and Contingent Liabilities [Refer Note 27]

Estimation of Non-sellable Sales Returns [Refer Note 28]

Estimation of useful life of Property, Plant and Equipment [Refer Note 1 - C]

The cost of inventory recognised as an expense includes '' 69.2 million (previous year '' 79.3 million) in respect of write-downs of inventory, and has been reduced by '' 29.4 million (previous year '' 6.2 million) in respect of the reversals of such write-downs.

The cost of inventories recognised as an expense is disclosed in Notes 22(a), 22(b) and as purchases of stock-in-trade in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The mode of valuation of inventories has been stated in Note 1.E

(ii) Rights, Preferences and Restrictions:

The company has only one class of shares i.e. Equity Shares having a face value of '' 5 each. Every member present in person or by proxy shall on show of hands have one vote and upon a poll, the voting right shall be in proportion to his share of the paid up equity share capital of the Company. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting. In the event of liquidation, the equity shareholders are eligible to receive the remaining assets of the company after distribution of all preferential amounts, in proportion to their shareholding.

(iii) Other details of equity shares for a period of five years immediately preceding March 31, 2018:

The Company has neither allotted equity shares as fully paid up pursuant to contract(s) without payment being received in cash nor has the Company allotted equity shares as fully paid up bonus shares.

Aggregate number of shares bought back: 7,270,000 (up to 31st March, 2017: 3,820,000) equity shares [Refer Note 42]

Nature and Purpose of Other Equity Securities Premium Reserve

Securities Premium Reserve was created when shares were issued at premium. During the previous year the Company had utilised the entire Securities Premium Reserve towards buy back of shares. The reserve was utilised in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 (âthe Actâ).

General Reserve

General Reserve was created out of profits of the Company. The reserve is created in accordance with the provisions of the Act. During the current year the Company has utilised the entire balance of General Reserve towards buy back of shares.

Capital Redemption Reserve

Capital Redemption reserve is created for buy back of shares. In terms of Section 69 of the Act, the Company has transferred a sum equal to nominal value of the shares bought back to Capital Redemption Reserve. The Reserve may be applied by the Company in paying up unissued shares of the Company to be issued to members of the Company as fully paid bonus shares.

Share Options Outstanding Account

The Share Options Outstanding Account is used to recognise the grant date fair value of Tradeable Options/ Restricted shares issued to employees under group global equity incentive plan.

Mar 31, 2017

Corporate Information

These financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on May 23, 2017.

1. Significant Accounting Policies

A. Basis of Preparation

(i) Compliance with Ind AS

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the notification issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, the company has adopted Indian Accounting Standards (referred to as âInd ASâ) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 with effect from April 1, 2016. Previous period numbers in the financial statements have been restated to Ind AS. In accordance with Ind AS 101 First-time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards, the Company has presented a reconciliation from the presentation of financial statements under Accounting Standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (âprevious GAAPâ) to Ind AS of shareholders'' equity as at March 31, 2016 and April 1, 2015 and of the comprehensive income for the year ended March 31, 2016 (refer note 42 for information on how the Company has adopted Ind AS).

(ii) historical Cost Convention

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following:

- Certain financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value;

- Share-based payments; and

- Defined benefit plans - plan assets that are measured at fair value.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data is available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

- Level 1 â Level 1 hierarchy includes financial instruments measured using quoted prices.

- Level 2 â Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

- Level 3 â Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

(iii) Current and Non-Current Classification

The assets and liabilities reported in the balance sheet are classified on a âcurrent/noncurrent basisâ, with separate reporting of assets held for sale and corresponding liabilities. Current assets, which include cash and cash equivalents are assets that are intended to be realized, sold or consumed during the normal operating cycle of the Company Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current/non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

B. Foreign Currency Translation

(i) Functional and Presentation Currency

Items included in the financial statements of the Company are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates (âthe functional currency''). The financial statements are presented in âIndian Rupees'' (''), which is Company''s functional and presentation currency.

(ii) Transactions and Balances

C. Property, Plant and Equipment

Items of property, plant and equipment acquired or constructed are initially recognized at historical cost net of recoverable taxes, duties, trade discounts and rebates, less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. The historical cost of property, plant and equipment comprises of its purchase price, borrowing costs and adjustment arising for exchange rate variations attributable to the assets, including any cost directly attributable to bringing the assets to their working condition for their intended use.

Capital Work-in-Progress represents property, plant and equipment that are not ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognized when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during the year in which they are incurred.

Transition to Ind AS:

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment recognized as at April 1, 2015 measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of the property, plant and equipment.

Depreciation:

Depreciation is calculated over its estimated useful life based on useful life of the assets on Straight Line Method (SLM) as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 except in case of following assets, wherein based on internal assessment and independent technical evaluation, a different useful life has been determined.

Mobile Handsets and Mobile Devices are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.

Estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation methods are reviewed annually, taking into account commercial and technological obsolescence as well as normal wear and tear and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate. Leasehold Improvements are amortized over the period of lease.

Losses arising from retirement and gains or losses arising from disposal of Property, Plant and Equipment are determined by comparing sale proceeds with carrying amount and are included in Statement of Profit and Loss within âOther Incomeâ/âOther Expensesâ.

D. Intangible Assets

(i) Amortization Method and Period

The Company amortizes intangible assets with a finite useful life using the straight-line method over the following period:

Trade Marks â 5 years Transition to Ind AS

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of intangible assets recognized as at April 1, 2015 measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of the intangible assets.

Losses arising from retirement and gains or losses arising from disposal of Intangible assets are determined by comparing sale proceeds with carrying amount and are included in Statement of Profit and Loss within âOther Incomeâ / âOther Expensesâ.

E. Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

Assets that are subject to depreciation or amortization are tested at each balance sheet date for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the asset''s or cash generating unit''s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use.

F. Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined on moving weighted average basis. Cost of work-in-progress and finished goods includes labour and manufacturing overheads, where applicable. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

G. Non-Current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

Non-current assets are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered highly probable. They are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell, except for assets such as deferred tax assets, assets arising from employee benefits, financial assets and contractual rights under insurance contracts, which are specifically exempt from this requirement.

An impairment loss is recognized for any initial or subsequent write-down of the asset (or disposal group) to fair value less costs to sell. A gain is recognized for any subsequent increases in fair value less costs to sell of an asset (or disposal group), but not in excess of any cumulative impairment loss previously recognized. A gain or loss not previously recognized by the date of the sale of the non-current asset (or disposal group) is recognized at the date of de-recognition.

Non-current assets (including those that are part of a disposal group) are not depreciated or amortized while they are classified as held for sale.

Non-current assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets and liabilities in the balance sheet.

A discontinued operation is a component of the entity that has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale and that represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of such a line of business or area of operations, or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale. The results of discontinued operations are presented separately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

H. Trade Receivable

Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for sale of goods or services performed in the ordinary course of business. Trade receivables are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment.

I. Cash and Cash Equivalents

In the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cheques on hand, demand deposits with banks and other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

J. Financial Instruments

Investments and Other Financial Assets

(i) Classification:

The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:

- those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through profit or loss), and

- those measured at amortized cost.

The classification depends on the entity''s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

(ii) Measurement:

At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Debt Instruments

Subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the Company''s business model for managing the asset and the cash flow characteristics of the asset. There are three measurement categories into which the Company classifies its debt instruments:

Amortized Cost:

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortized cost. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at amortized cost is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the effective interest rate method.

Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI)

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets'' cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at FVOCI. Movements in the carrying amount are taken through OCI, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is derecognized, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified from equity to profit or loss and recognized in other gains/ (losses). Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the effective interest rate method.

Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)

Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortized cost or FVOCI are measured at FVTPL. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss is recognized in profit or loss in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income.

Equity Investments

The company subsequently measures all equity investments at fair value. Where the company''s management has elected to present fair value gains and losses on equity investments in other comprehensive income, there is no subsequent reclassification of fair value gains and losses to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Impairment losses (and reversal of impairment losses) on equity investments measured at FVOCI are not reported separately from other changes in fair value.

(iii) Impairment of Financial Assets:

The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortized cost. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.

For Trade Receivables only, the Company applies the simplified approach permitted by Ind AS 109 Financial Instruments, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognised from initial recognition of the receivables.

(iv) Derecognition of Financial Assets:

A financial asset is derecognized only when:

- the Company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset or

- retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients.

Where the entity has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In such cases, the financial asset is derecognized. Where the entity has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognised. Where the entity has neither transferred a financial asset nor retains substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is derecognized if the Company has not retained control of the financial asset. Where the Company retains control of the financial asset, the asset is continued to be recognized to the extent of continuing involvement in the financial asset.

Financial Liabilities Trade Payables:

These amounts represents obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. These payables are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less otherwise they are presented as noncurrent liabilities. Trade and payables are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

K. Revenue Recognition

Sale of goods

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Amounts disclosed as revenue are inclusive of excise duty and net of discounts, allowances, returns, value added taxes/sales tax and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The company recognizes revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, when it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity and when specific criteria have been met for each of the company''s activities, as described below.

Provision is made for the non-sellable returns of goods from the customers estimated on the basis of historical data of such returns. Such provision for non-sellable sales returns is reduced from sales for the year.

Sale of Services

Service income is accounted as and when services are rendered and is net of service tax. Interest Income

Interest income is recognized on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

Commission Income

Commission income is recognized in respect of sales made on behalf of consignor when the significant risks and rewards of ownership in the goods are transferred to the buyer and is net of service tax.

L. Offsetting Financial Instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the balance sheet when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

M. Income Tax

The income tax expense or credit for the period is the tax payable on the current period''s taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses, depreciation carry-forwards and unused tax credits could be utilized.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured based on the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Current and deferred tax is recognized in profit or loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

N. Employee Benefits

(i) Short-Term Employee Benefits

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognized in respect of employees'' services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.

(ii) Other Long-term Employee Benefit Obligations

The employees of the company are entitled to other long-term benefit in the form of Long Service Awards as per the policy of the company and Leave encashment. Liability for such benefit is provided on the basis of valuation, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by an independent actuary. The actuarial valuation method used by the independent actuary for measuring the liability is the Projected unit Credit method.

(iii) Post-Employment Obligations

The Company has the following post-employment schemes:

a) Defined benefit plans such as Provident Fund, Gratuity, Non-Contractual Pension Plan and Post Retirement Medical Benefits.

b) Defined contribution plans such as Superannuation Fund and Employees'' Pension Scheme.

Defined Benefit Plan

The company has Defined Benefit Plans for post employment benefits in the form of Provident Fund (treated as a Defined Benefit Plan on account of guaranteed interest benefit), gratuity, Non-Contractual Pension Plan (treated as a Defined Benefit Plan on account of guaranteed pension) and Post Retirement Medical Benefits.

Provident Fund and gratuity fund are recognized by the Income-tax authorities and administered through trustees and/or LIC. Liability for Defined Benefit Plans is provided on the basis of valuations, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by an independent actuary.

The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using interest rates of government bond that have terms to maturity approximating to the terms of the related gratuity, Non-contractual Pension Plan, Post Retirement Medical Benefits and Provident Fund liabilities.

Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset.

Defined Contribution Plan

The company has Defined Contribution Plans for post-employment benefits in the form of Superannuation Fund and Employees'' Pension Scheme which are recognized by the Income-tax authorities and administered through trustees and/or Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). Superannuation Fund which constitutes an insured benefit and Employees'' Pension Scheme are classified as Defined Contribution Plans as the Company has no further obligation beyond making the contributions. The company''s contributions to Defined Contribution Plans are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

(iv) Termination benefits are recognized as an expense as and when incurred.

(v) Share-Based Payments

The company offers its employees, share based payments in the form of a âSelectâ plan. The Equity Plan âSelectâ is a global equity incentive plan for eligible employees. This plan allows its participants to choose the form of their equity compensation in âRestricted Sharesâ or âTradable Sharesâ of the ultimate holding company, Novartis AG, Basel.

Unvested restricted shares are only conditional on the provision of services by the plan participant during the vesting period. They are valued using their fair value on the grant date. The fair value of these grants are expensed on a straight-line basis over the respective vesting period.

The total expense (adjusted for estimated forfeitures) is recognized over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified vesting conditions are to be satisfied. At each reporting date, the Company revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to vest based on the non-market vesting conditions. It recognizes the impact of the revision to original estimates, if any, in the Statement of Profit and Loss with a corresponding adjustment to equity.

Group Company recharges to the Company for the share based payments made/to be made by them to the company''s employees and the payment is adjusted against the Share Options Outstanding Account by the Company.

(vi) Bonus Plans

The Company recognizes a liability and an expense for bonuses. The Company recognizes a provision where contractually obliged or where there is a past practice that has created a constructive obligation.

O. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

(i) Provisions

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and the amount has been reliably estimated.

(ii) Contingent Liabilities

Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company. A present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made, is termed as contingent liability.

(iii) Contingent Assets

A contingent asset is disclosed, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

P. Segment Reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker. The chief operating decision-maker, is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments and makes strategic decisions. Refer Note 35 for segment information presented.

Q. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit or loss by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Earnings considered in ascertaining the Company''s earnings per share is the net profit for the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year and for all years presented is adjusted for events, such as bonus shares, other than the conversion of potential equity shares that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

R. Leases

As a lessee:

S. Dividends

Provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared, being appropriately authorized and no longer at the discretion of the entity, on or before the end of the reporting period but not distributed at the end of the reporting period.

T. Contributed equity

Equity shares are classified as equity.

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.

U. Rounding of Amounts

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest million with one decimal thereof as per the requirement of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated.

V. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Standards issued but not yet effective

I n March 2017, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendments) Rules, 2017, notifying amendments to Ind AS 7, âStatement of cash flows'' and Ind AS 102, âShare-based payment.'' These amendments are in accordance with the recent amendments made by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to IAS 7, âStatement of cash flows'' and IFRS 2, âShare-based payment'', respectively. The amendments are applicable to the company from 1st April, 2017.

Amendment to Ind AS 7

The amendment to Ind AS 7 requires the entities to provide disclosures that enable users of financial statements to evaluate changes in liabilities arising from financing activities, including both changes arising from cash flows and non-cash changes, suggesting inclusion of a reconciliation between the opening and closing balances in the balance sheet for liabilities arising from financing activities, to meet the disclosure requirement.

The company is evaluating the requirements of the amendment and the effect on the financial statements is being evaluated.

Amendment to Ind AS 102

The amendment to Ind AS 102 provides specific guidance to measurement of cash-settled awards, modification of cash-settled awards and awards that include a net settlement feature in respect of withholding taxes. It clarifies that the fair value of cash-settled awards is determined on a basis consistent with that used for equity-settled awards. Market-based performance conditions and non-vesting conditions are reflected in the âfair values'', but nonmarket performance conditions and service vesting conditions are reflected in the estimate of the number of awards expected to vest. Also, the amendment clarifies that if the terms and conditions of a cash-settled share-based payment transaction are modified with the result that it becomes an equity-settled share-based payment transaction, the transaction is accounted for as such from the date of the modification. Further, the amendment requires the award that includes a net settlement feature in respect of withholding taxes to be treated as equity-settled in its entirety. The cash payment to the tax authority is treated as if it was part of an equity settlement.

The company is evaluating the requirements of the amendment and the impact on the financial statements is being evaluated.

2. Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments

Preparing the financial statements under Ind AS requires management to take decisions and make estimates and assumptions that may impact the value of revenues, costs, assets and liabilities and the related disclosures concerning the items involved as well as contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date. Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

The Company make estimates and assumptions based upon management''s evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as of the date of financial statements. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year is included in relevant notes together with information about the basis of calculation for each affected line item in the financial statements.

The areas involving critical estimates and judgments are:

Impairment of Trade Receivables [Refer Note 44]

Estimation of Defined Benefit Obligation [Refer Note 15(a)]

Estimation of Provision and Contingent Liabilities [Refer Note 28]

Estimation of Non-sellable Returns [Refer Note 29]

Estimation of useful life of Property, Plant and Equipment [Refer Note 1-C]

Mar 31, 2015

(a) Basis of Preparation

These financial statements are prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India under the historical cost convention on accrual basis. Pursuant to Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, till the Standards of Accounting or any addendum thereto are prescribed by Central Government in consultation and recommendation of the National Financial Reporting Authority, the existing Accounting Standards notified under the Companies Act, 1956 (the ''Act'') shall continue to apply. Consequently, these financial statements are prepared to comply in all material aspects with the Accounting Standards notified under sub-section (3C) of Section 211 of the Act [Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006] and the other relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

All assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current as per the company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current - non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

(b) Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition, including any attributable cost for bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use, less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss.

Depreciation on tangible assets is calculated on a straight-line basis as per the rates prescribed under Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, except in respect of the following assets where the estimated useful lives of the assets based on the technical evaluation, have not undergone a change on account of transition to the Companies Act, 2013:

Estimated Description Useful Life

Tangible Assets

Plant and Equipment

Servers and Networks 3 years

Quality Control Equipment 5 years

Electrical Installations 12.5 years

Others 12.5 years

Vehicles 5 years

Office Equipment -Mobile Handsets 2 years

Intangible Assets

Trade Marks 5 years

Leasehold Improvements are amortised over the period of lease.

Assessment is carried out at each Balance Sheet date as to whether there is any indication that an asset (tangible and intangible) may be impaired. Impairment loss is provided to the extent the carrying amount of assets exceed their recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s net selling price and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and form its disposal at the end of its useful life. Net selling price is the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset in an arm''s length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, less the costs of disposal.

(c) Investments

Long-term Investments are stated at cost. Provision is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of Long-term Investments. Current Investments are stated at lower of cost and fair value.

(d) Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined on moving weighted average basis. Cost of work-in-progress and finished goods includes labour and manufacturing overheads, where applicable. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(e) Foreign Currency Transactions

Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Gains and losses arising out of subsequent fluctuations are accounted for on actual payment or realisation. Monetary items denominated in foreign currency as at the Balance Sheet date are converted at the exchange rates prevailing on that date. Exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(f) Revenue Recognition

Sales are recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership in the goods are transferred to the customer and are recognised net of trade discounts, rebates, sales tax and excise duty.

Provision is made for the non-sellable returns of goods from the customers estimated on the basis of historical data of such returns. Such provision for non sellable sales returns is reduced from sales for the year.

Service income is accounted as and when services are rendered and are net of service tax.

Commission income is recognised in respect of sales made on behalf of consignee when the significant risks and rewards of ownership in the goods are transferred to the buyer and is net of service tax.

Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

Dividend income is recognised when the right to receive dividend is established.

(g) Employee Benefits

(i) Long-term Employee Benefits

(a) Defined Contribution Plans

The company has Defined Contribution Plans for post employment benefits in the form of Superannuation Fund and Employees'' Pension Scheme which are recognised by the Income-tax authorities and administered through trustees and/or Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). Superannuation Fund which constitutes an insured benefit and Employees'' Pension Scheme are classified as Defined Contribution Plans as the company has no further obligation beyond making the contributions. The company''s contributions to Defined Contribution Plans are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

(b) Defined Benefit Plans

The company has Defined Benefit Plans for post employment benefits in the form of Provident Fund (treated as a Defined Benefit Plan on account of guaranteed interest benefit), Gratuity, Leave Encashment, Non-Contractual Pension Plan (treated as a Defined Benefit Plan on account of guaranteed pension) and Post Retirement Medical Benefits. Provident Fund and Gratuity are recognised by the Income-tax authorities and administered through trustees and/or LIC. Liability for Defined Benefit Plans is provided on the basis of valuations, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by independent actuary.

The obligations are measured as the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at rates reflecting the prevailing market yields of Indian Government securities as at the Balance Sheet date for the estimated term of the obligations. The estimate of future salary increases considered takes into account the inflation, seniority, promotion and other relevant factors. The expected rate of return of plan assets is the company''s expectation of the average long-term rate of return expected on investments of the fund during the estimated term of the obligations. Plan assets are measured at fair value as at the Balance Sheet date. The actuarial valuation method used by independent actuary for measuring the liability is the Projected Unit Credit method.

(c) Other Long-term Employee Benefit

The employees of the company are entitled to other long-term benefit in the form of Long Service Awards as per the policy of the company. Liability for such benefit is provided on the basis of valuation, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by independent actuary. The actuarial valuation method used by independent actuary for measuring the liability is the Projected Unit Credit method.

(ii) Termination benefits are recognised as an expense as and when incurred.

(iii) Actuarial gains and losses comprise experience adjustments and the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

(h) Employee Share based Payments

Restricted Shares and Tradable Options granted under "Select" plan are accounted for as per the accounting treatment prescribed by the Guidance Note on Employee Share-based Payments issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. Amount incurred is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss on straight line basis over the vesting period of the Restricted Shares and Tradable Options.

(i) Taxes on Income

Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of estimated taxable income for the year.

Deferred tax is recognised for all the timing differences, subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet date.

(j) Provisions and Contingent Liabilities

The company recognises a provision when there is a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the

obligation and in respect of which reliable estimate can be made. A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. Where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation and the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

(k) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles requires the management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as at the Balance Sheet date and the results of operations during the reporting period. The actual results could differ from these estimates. Any revision to such accounting estimates is recognised in the accounting period in which such revision takes place.

(l) Segment Reporting

The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for the Company. Further, inter-segment revenue have been accounted for based on the transaction price agreed to between segments which is primarily market based. Revenue and expenses have been identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities for the segment. Revenue and expenses, which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on a reasonable basis, have been included under "Unallocated corporate expenses/income".

(m) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Earnings considered in ascertaining the Company''s earnings per share is the net profit for the period after deducting preference dividends and any attributable tax thereto for the period. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period and for all period presented is adjusted for events, such as bonus shares, other than the conversion of potential equity shares, that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for the affects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(n) Leases

Lease in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the period of the lease.

(o) Cash and Cash Equivalents

I n the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, demand deposits with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

Mar 31, 2013

(a) Basis of Preparation

The financial statements are prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India under the historical cost convention on accrual basis. The financial statements are prepared to comply in all material aspects with the accounting standards notified under sub-section (3C) of Section 211 of the Companies Act, 1956 (the Act'') and the other relevant provisions of the Act.

All assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current as per the company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule VI to the Act. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current - non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

(b) Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition, including any attributable cost for bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use, less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss.

Depreciation is provided on Straight Line Method, pro-rata to the period of use, at the rates based on useful lives of the assets as estimated by the management, which are higher than those specified in Schedule XIV of the Act. The estimated useful lives of the assets are as under:

Leasehold Improvements are amortised over the period of lease.

Impairment loss is provided to the extent the carrying amount of assets exceed their recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s net selling price and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Net selling price is the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset in an arm''s length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, less the costs of disposal.

(c) Investments

Long-term Investments are stated at cost. Provision is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of Long-term Investments. Current Investments are stated at lower of cost and fair value.

(d) Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined on moving weighted average basis. Cost of work-in-progress and finished goods includes labour and manufacturing overheads, where applicable. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(e) Foreign Currency Transactions

Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Gains and losses arising out of subsequent fluctuations are accounted for on actual payment or realisation. Monetary items denominated in foreign currency as at the Balance Sheet date are converted at the exchange rates prevailing on that date. Exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(f) Revenue Recognition

Sales are recognised when the substantial risks and rewards of ownership in the goods are transferred to the customer and are recognised net of trade discounts, rebates, sales tax and excise duty.

Provision is made for the non-sellable returns of goods from the customers estimated on the basis of historical data of such returns. Such provision for non sellable sales returns is reduced from sales for the year.

Service income is accounted as and when services are rendered and are net of service tax.

Commission income is recognised in respect of sales made on behalf of consignee and are net of service tax.

Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

Dividend income is recognised when the right to receive dividend is established.

(g) Employee Benefits

(i) Long-term Employee Benefits

(a) Defined Contribution Plans

The company has Defined Contribution Plans for post employment benefits in the form of Superannuation Fund and Employees'' Pension Scheme which are recognised by the Income-tax authorities and administered through trustees and/or Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). Superannuation Fund which constitutes an insured benefit and Employees'' Pension Scheme are classified as Defined Contribution Plans as the company has no further obligation beyond making the contributions. The company''s contributions to Defined Contribution Plans are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

(b) Defined Benefit Plans

The company has Defined Benefit Plans for post employment benefits in the form of Provident Fund (treated as a Defined Benefit Plan on account of guaranteed interest benefit), Gratuity, Leave Encashment, Non-Contractual Pension Plan (treated as a Defined Benefit Plan on account of guaranteed pension) and Post Retirement Medical Benefits. Provident Fund and Gratuity are recognised by the Income-tax authorities and administered through trustees and/or LIC. Liability for Defined Benefit Plans is provided on the basis of valuations, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by independent actuary.

The obligations are measured as the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at rates reflecting the prevailing market yields of Indian Government securities as at the Balance Sheet date for the estimated term of the obligations. The estimate of future salary increases considered takes into account the inflation, seniority, promotion and other relevant factors. The expected rate of return of plan assets is the company''s expectation of the average long-term rate of return expected on investments of the fund during the estimated term of the obligations. Plan assets are measured at fair value as at the Balance Sheet date. The actuarial valuation method used by independent actuary for measuring the liability is the Projected Unit Credit method.

(c) Other Long-term Employee Benefit

The employees of the company are entitled to other long-term benefit in the form of Long Service Awards as per the policy of the company. Liability for such benefit is provided on the basis of valuation, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by independent actuary. The actuarial valuation method used by independent actuary for measuring the liability is the Projected Unit Credit method.

(ii) Termination benefits are recognised as an expense as and when incurred.

(iii) Actuarial gains and losses comprise experience adjustments and the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

(h) Employee Share based Payments

Restricted Shares and Tradable Options granted under "Select" plan are accounted for as per the accounting treatment prescribed by the Guidance Note on Employee Share-based Payments issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. Amount incurred is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss on straight line basis over the vesting period of the Restricted Shares and Tradable Options.

(i) Expenditure on Research and Development

Revenue expenditure is recognised as expense in the year in which it is incurred and the expenditure on capital assets is depreciated over the useful lives of the assets. .

(j) Taxes on Income

Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of estimated taxable income for the year.

Deferred tax is recognised for all the timing differences, subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward only to the extent that there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet date.

(k) Provisions and Contingent Liabilities

The company recognises a provision when there is a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which reliable estimate can be made. A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. Where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation and the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

(I) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles requires the management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as at the Balance Sheet date and the results of operations during the reporting period. The actual results could differ from these estimates. Any revision to such accounting estimates is recognized in the accounting period in which such revision takes place.

Mar 31, 2012

(a) Basis of Preparation

The financial statements are prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India under the historical cost convention on accrual basis. The financial statements are prepared to comply in all material aspects with the accounting standards notified under sub-section (3C) of Section 211 of the Companies Act, 1956 (the Act) and the other relevant provisions of the Act.

All assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current as per the company's normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule VI to the Act. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current - non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

(b) Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition, including any attributable cost for bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use, less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss.

Depreciation is provided on Straight Line Method, pro-rata to the period of use, at the rates specified in Schedule XIV of the Act or the rates based on useful lives of the assets as estimated by the management, whichever are higher. The rates based on useful lives of the assets in the following categories are estimated to be higher than those specified in Schedule XIV of the Act:

Leasehold Improvements are amortised over the balance period of lease.

Impairment loss is provided to the extent the carrying amount of assets exceed their recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's net selling price and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Net selling price is the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset in an arm's length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, less the costs of disposal.

(c) Investments

Long-term Investments are stated at cost. Provision is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of Long-term Investments. Current Investments are stated at lower of cost and fair value.

(d) Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined on moving weighted average basis. Cost of work-in-progress and finished goods includes labour and manufacturing overheads, where applicable.

(e) Foreign Currency Transactions

Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Gains and losses arising out of subsequent fluctuations are accounted for on actual payment or realisation. Monetary items denominated in foreign currency as at the Balance Sheet date are converted at the exchange rates prevailing on that date. Exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(f) Revenue Recognition

Sales are recognised when goods are supplied to customers and are recorded net of excise duty, sales tax, rebates and trade discounts.

Provision is made for the non-sellable returns of goods from the customers estimated on the basis of historical data of such returns. Such provision for non-sellable sales returns is reduced from sales for the year.

(g) Employee Benefits

(i) Long-term Employee Benefits

(a) Defined Contribution Plans

The company has Defined Contribution Plans for post employment benefits in the form of Superannuation Fund and Employees' Pension Scheme which are recognised by the Income-tax authorities and administered through trustees and/or Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). Superannuation Fund which constitutes an insured benefit and Employees' Pension Scheme are classified as Defined Contribution Plans as the Company has no further obligation beyond making the contributions. The Company's contributions to Defined Contribution Plans are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

(b) Defined Benefit Plans

The company has Defined Benefit Plans for post employment benefits in the form of Provident Fund (treated as a Defined Benefit Plan on account of guaranteed interest benefit), Gratuity, Leave Encashment, Non-Contractual Pension Plan (treated as a Defined Benefit Plan on account of guaranteed pension) and Post Retirement Medical Benefits. Provident Fund and Gratuity are recognised by the Income-tax authorities and administered through trustees and/or LIC. Liability for Defined Benefit Plans is provided on the basis of valuations, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by independent actuary.

The obligations are measured as the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at rates reflecting the prevailing market yields of Indian Government securities as at the Balance Sheet date for the estimated term of the obligations. The estimate of future salary increases considered takes into account the inflation, seniority, promotion and other relevant factors. The expected rate of return of plan assets is the company's expectation of the average long-term rate of return expected on investments of the fund during the estimated term of the obligations. Plan assets are measured at fair value as at the Balance Sheet date. The actuarial valuation method used by independent actuary for measuring the liability is the Projected Unit Credit method.

(c) Other Long-term Employee Benefit

The employees of the company are entitled to other long-term benefit in the form of Long Service Awards as per the policy of the company. Liability for such benefit is provided on the basis of valuation, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by independent actuary. The actuarial valuation method used by independent actuary for measuring the liability is the Projected Unit Credit method.

(ii) Termination benefits are recognised as an expense as and when incurred.

(iii) Actuarial gains and losses comprise experience adjustments and the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

(h) Expenditure on Research and Development

Revenue expenditure is recognised as expense in the year in which it is incurred and the expenditure on capital assets is depreciated over the useful lives of the assets.

(i) Taxes on Income

Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of estimated taxable income for the year.

Deferred tax is recognised, subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods.

(j) Provisions and Contingent Liabilities

The company recognises a provision when there is a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which reliable estimate can be made. A disclosure for a contingent liability is made

when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. Where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation and the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

(k) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles requires the management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as at the Balance Sheet date and the results of operations during the reporting period. The actual results could differ from these estimates. Any revision to such accounting estimates is recognized in the accounting period in which such revision takes place.

Mar 31, 2011

The financial statements are prepared to comply in all material aspects with the applicable accounting principles in India, the accounting standards notified under sub-section (3C) of Section 211 of the Companies Act, 1956 (the 'Act') and the other relevant provisions of the Act. The significant accounting policies are as follows -

(a) Basis of Accounting

The financial statements are prepared in accordance with the historical cost convention.

(b) Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition, including any attributable cost for bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use, less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss.

Depreciation is provided on Straight Line Method, pro-rata to the period of use, at the rates specified in Schedule XIV of the Act or the rates based on useful lives of the assets as estimated by the management, whichever are higher. The rates based on useful lives of the assets in the following categories are estimated to be higher than those specified in Schedule XIV of the Act:

Trade Marks are amortised over the useful life of five years, as estimated by the management.

Impairment loss is provided to the extent the carrying amount of assets exceed their recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's net selling price and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Net selling price is the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset in an arm's length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, less the costs of disposal.

(c) Investments

Long-term Investments are stated at cost. Provision is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of Long-term Investments. Current Investments are stated at lower of cost and fair value.

(d) Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined on moving weighted average basis. Cost of work-in-progress and finished goods includes labour and manufacturing overheads, where applicable.

(e) Foreign Currency Transactions

Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Gains and losses arising out of subsequent fluctuations are accounted for on actual payment or realisation. Monetary items denominated in foreign currency as at the Balance Sheet date are converted at the exchange rates prevailing on that date. Exchange differences are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Notes to the Financial Statements

(f) Forward Contracts

Premium or discount arising at the inception of forward contract is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange difference on forward contract is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in theyear in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward contract is recognised as income or expense in the Profit and Loss Account.

(g) Revenue Recognition

Sales are recognised when goods are supplied to customers and are recorded net of excise duty, sales tax, rebates and trade discounts.

Provision is made for the non-sellable returns of goods from the customers estimated on the basis of historical data of such returns. Such provision for non-sellable sales returns is reduced from sales for the year.

Dividend income is recognised when the right to receive dividend is established.

(h) Employee Benefits

(i) Long-term Employee Benefits

(a) Defined Contribution Plans

The company has Defined Contribution Plans for post employment benefits in the form of Superannuation Fund and Employees' Pension Scheme which are recognised by the Income-tax authorities and administered through trustees and/or Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). Superannuation Fund which constitutes an insured benefit and Employees' Pension Scheme are classified as Defined Contribution Plans as the company has no further obligation beyond making the contributions. The company's contributions to Defined Contribution Plans are charged to the Profit and Loss Account as incurred.

(b) Defined Benefit Plans

The company has Defined Benefit Plans for post employment benefits in the form of Provident Fund (treated as a Defined Benefit Plan on account of guaranteed interest benefit), Gratuity, Leave Encashment, Non-Contractual Pension Plan (treated as a Defined Benefit Plan on account of guaranteed pension) and Post Retirement Medical Benefits. Provident Fund and Gratuity are recognised by the Income-tax authorities and administered through trustees and/or LIC. Liability for Defined Benefit Plans is provided on the basis of valuations, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by independent actuary.

The obligations are measured as the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at rates reflecting the prevailing market yields of Indian Government securities as at the Balance Sheet date for the estimated term of the obligations. The estimate of future salary increases considered takes into account the inflation, seniority, promotion and other relevant factors. The expected rate of return of plan assets is the company's expectation of the average long term rate of return expected on investments of the fund during the estimated term of the obligations. Plan assets are measured at fair value as at the Balance Sheet date. The actuarial valuation method used by independent actuary for measuring the liability is the Projected Unit Credit method.

(c) Other Long-term Employee Benefit

The employees of the company are entitled to other long-term benefit in the form of Long Service Awards as per the policy of the company. Liability for such benefit is provided on the basis of valuation, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by independent actuary. The actuarial valuation method used by independent actuary for measuring the liability is the Projected Unit Credit method.

(ii) Termination benefits are recognised as an expense as and when incurred.

(iii) Actuarial gains and losses comprise experience adjustments and the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions and are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the year in which they arise.

(i) Expenditure on Research and Development

Revenue expenditure is recognised as expense in the year in which it is incurred and the expenditure on capital assets is depreciated over the useful lives of the assets.

(j) Taxes on Income

Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of estimated taxable income for the year.

Deferred tax is recognised, subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods.

Mar 31, 2010

The financial statements are prepared to comply in all material aspects with the applicable accounting principles in India, the accounting standards notified under sub-section (3C) of Section 211 of the Companies Act, 1956 (the Act) and the other relevant provisions of the Act. The significant accounting policies are as follows:

(a) Basis of Accounting

The financial statements are prepared in accordance with the historical cost convention.

(b) Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition, including any attributable cost for bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use, less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss.

Depreciation is provided on Straight Line Method, pro-rata to the period of use, at the rates specified in Schedule XIV of the Act or the rates based on useful lives of the assets as estimated by the management, whichever are higher. The rates based on useful lives of the assets in the following categories are estimated to be higher than those specified in Schedule XIV of the Act:

Trade Marks are amortised over the useful life of five years, as estimated by the management.

Impairment loss is provided to the extent the carrying amount of assets exceed their recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the higher of an assets net selling price and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. Net selling price is the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset in an arms length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, less the costs of disposal.

(c) Investments

Long-term Investments are stated at cost. Provision is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of Long-term Investments. Current Investments are stated at lower of cost and fair value.

(d) Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined on moving weighted average basis. Cost of work-in-progress and finished goods includes labour and manufacturing overheads, where applicable.

(e) Foreign Currency Transactions

Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Gains and losses arising out of subsequent fluctuations are accounted for on actual payment or realisation. Monetary items denominated in foreign currency as at the Balance Sheet date are converted at the exchange rates prevailing on that date. Exchange differences are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Notes to the Financial Statements

(f) Forward Contracts

Premium or discount arising at the inception of forward contract is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange difference on forward contract is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the year in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward contract is recognised as income or expense in the Profit and Loss Account.

(g) Revenue Recognition

Sales are recognised when goods are supplied to customers and are recorded net of excise duty, sales tax, rebates and trade discounts.

Provision is made for the non-sellable returns of goods from the customers estimated on the basis of historical data of such returns. Such provision for non sellable sales returns is reduced from sales for the year.

Dividend income is recognised when the right to receive dividend is established.

(h) Employee Benefits

(i) Long-term Employee Benefits

(a) Defined Contribution Plans

The company has Defined Contribution Plans for post employment benefits in the form of Superannuation Fund and Employees Pension Scheme which are recognised by the Income-tax authorities and administered through trustees and/or Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). Superannuation Fund which constitutes an insured benefit and Employees Pension Scheme are classified as Defined Contribution Plans as the company has no further obligation beyond making the contributions. The companys contributions to Defined Contribution Plans are charged to the Profit and Loss Account as incurred.

(b) Defined Benefit Plans

The company has Defined Benefit Plans for post employment benefits in the form of Provident Fund (treated as a Defined Benefit Plan on account of guaranteed interest benefit), Gratuity, Leave Encashment, Non-Contractual Pension Plan (treated as a Defined Benefit Plan on account of guaranteed pension) and Post Retirement Medical Benefits. Provident Fund and Gratuity are recognised by the Income-tax authorities and administered through trustees and/or LIC. Liability for Defined Benefit Plans is provided on the basis of valuations, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by independent actuary.

The obligations are measured as the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at rates reflecting the prevailing market yields of Indian Government securities as at the Balance Sheet date for the estimated term of the obligations. The estimate of future salary increases considered takes into account the inflation, seniority, promotion and other relevant factors. The expected rate of return of plan assets is the companys expectation of the average long term rate of return expected on investments of the fund during the estimated term of the obligations. Plan assets are measured at fair value as at the Balance Sheet date. The actuarial valuation method used by independent actuary for measuring the liability is the Projected Unit Credit method.

(c) Other Long-term Employee Benefit

The employees of the company are entitled to other long-term benefit in the form of Long Service Awards as per the policy of the company. Liability for such benefit is provided on the basis of valuation, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by independent actuary. The actuarial valuation method used by independent actuary for measuring the liability is the Projected Unit Credit method.

(ii) Termination benefits are recognised as an expense as and when incurred.

(iii) Actuarial gains and losses comprise experience adjustments and the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions and are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the year in which they arise.

Notes to the Financial Statements

(i) Expenditure on Research and Development

Revenue expenditure is recognised as expense in the year in which it is incurred and the expenditure on capital assets is depreciated over the useful lives of the assets.

(j) Taxes on Income

Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of estimated taxable income for the year.

Deferred tax is recognised, subject to the consideration of prudence in respect of deferred tax assets, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods.

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